RO130631A2 - Process for aluminium recovery by using microwave energy to melt metal can wastes - Google Patents
Process for aluminium recovery by using microwave energy to melt metal can wastes Download PDFInfo
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- RO130631A2 RO130631A2 ROA201400301A RO201400301A RO130631A2 RO 130631 A2 RO130631 A2 RO 130631A2 RO A201400301 A ROA201400301 A RO A201400301A RO 201400301 A RO201400301 A RO 201400301A RO 130631 A2 RO130631 A2 RO 130631A2
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- aluminum
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 title abstract 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title description 14
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 8
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018967 Pt—Rh Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 flakes Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005058 metal casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010812 mixed waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Procedeu de recuperare a aluminiului prin utilizarea energiei microundelor la topirea deșeurilor de doze metaliceRecovery process of aluminum by using microwave energy to melt metal dose waste
Prezenta invenție se referă la un procedeu de obținere a aluminiului secundar din cutii/doze de băuturi, prin topirea directa in câmp de microunde.The present invention relates to a process for obtaining secondary aluminum from beverage boxes / doses, by direct melting in the microwave field.
Aluminiul este cel de-al treilea metal prezent in natura, din punct de vedere al abundentei. Acesta este reciclabil suta la suta, contribuind astfel la protecția mediului prin economisirea resurselor naturale si a energiei [1],Aluminum is the third metal present in nature, in terms of abundance. It is 100% recyclable, thus contributing to the protection of the environment by saving natural resources and energy [1],
Beneficiile reciclării aluminiului sunt numeroase: i) retopirea aluminiului necesita cu 94% mai putina energie decât producția primara a metalului [2], si reduce cu 95% emisia de gaze cu efect de sera, ii) conduce la economii de materii prime (reciclarea un kilogram de aluminiu poate economisi aproximativ 8 kg de bauxita, patru de kilograme de produse chimice si 14 kWh de electricitate), iii) reduce cantitatea deșeurilor din depozitele de deșeuri [3, 4, 5],The benefits of recycling aluminum are numerous: i) Aluminum refining requires 94% less energy than primary metal production [2], and reduces greenhouse gas emissions by 95%, ii) leads to savings on raw materials (recycling a kilogram of aluminum can save about 8 kg of bauxite, four kilograms of chemicals and 14 kWh of electricity), iii) reduce the amount of waste from landfills [3, 4, 5],
Dozele de băuturi sunt produse finite utilizate si reprezintă o sursa importanta de aluminiu secundar. Dozele de aluminiu reciclate sunt reutilizate pentru producerea de cutii noi sau pentru fabricarea altor produse valoroase din aluminiu, cum ar fi: blocuri motoare, biciclete. In Europa, aproximativ 50 % din totalul aluminiului semi fabricat utilizat pentru producerea de noi cutii de băuturi si a altor produse de ambalare din aluminiu provine din aluminiu reciclat. Pentru cutiile de băuturi, aluminiul este aliat cu mangan și magneziu pentru asigurarea rezistenței și durității, având diferențe minime de compoziție și grosime pentru corpul cutiei și capacele acesteia [4], Aliajul conține: 1,2 % Mn, 1 % Mg (3004 ASTM) sau 0,35 % Mn si 4 % Mg pentru aliajul 5182 ASTM si Al rest.Doses of beverages are finished products used and are an important source of secondary aluminum. Recycled aluminum dosages are reused for the production of new boxes or for the manufacture of other valuable aluminum products, such as: engine blocks, bicycles. In Europe, about 50% of the total semi-manufactured aluminum used for the production of new beverage cans and other aluminum packaging products comes from recycled aluminum. For beverage cans, aluminum is alloyed with manganese and magnesium to ensure strength and hardness, with minimal differences in composition and thickness for the body of the box and its covers [4], the Alloy contains: 1.2% Mn, 1% Mg (3004 ASTM ) or 0.35% Mn and 4% Mg for the 5182 ASTM alloy and the remaining Al.
Pentru a putea fi refolosite în totalitate (100 %), deșeurile de cutii de băuturi trebuie să fie curate și necontaminate.To be fully reused (100%), beverage box waste must be clean and uncontaminated.
Procedeul clasic de prelucrare a deșeurilor de cutii de aluminiu implica după colectare, reciclarea propriu-zisa a cutiilor din aluminiu care cuprinde separarea ambalajelor de aluminiu din amestecurile mixte de deșeuri, spălarea cutiilor cu apă, presarea și balotarea [6, 7], Balotii realizați urmează alte etape de procesare si anume: mărunțirea, îndepărtarea impurităților organice (acoperirilor), umidității și topirea.The classic process for processing aluminum box waste involves after collection, the actual recycling of aluminum boxes, which includes separating aluminum packages from mixed waste mixes, washing water boxes, pressing and baling [6, 7], bales made other processing steps are followed, namely: shredding, removal of organic impurities (coatings), moisture and melting.
Eliminarea impurităților aderente la suprafața deșeurilor de aluminiu se realizează prin mai multe metode, cea mai eficientă, din punct de vedere ecologic și economic fiind considerată piroliza [2], Materialele organice aderente sunt carbonizate la temperaturi coborâte, în atmosferă cu conținut scăzut de oxigen, fiind astfel separate de aluminiu. Lacurile și vopselele pentru marcarea și decorarea ambalajelor sunt eliminate prin insuflarea unui curent de aer cald la cca.500 °C, direct asupra deșeurilor mărunțite care se deplasează lent pe un conveior izolat intr-o incintă.Elimination of the impurities adherent to the surface of the aluminum waste is realized by several methods, the most efficient, from the ecological and economic point of view being considered pyrolysis [2], the adhering organic materials are carbonized at low temperatures, in an atmosphere with low oxygen content, thus being separated from aluminum. The varnishes and paints for marking and decorating the packaging are eliminated by blowing a hot air stream at approx. 500 ° C, directly on the small wastes that move slowly on an isolated conveyor in an enclosure.
Deșeurile de aluminiu mărunțite sunt încărcate în cuptoare cu antecreuzete laterale cu capacitatea de 90 tone. Topirea are loc la temperatura de 750 °C. Cuptoarele sunt dotate cu pompe pentru circulația topiturii, dispozitive pentru imersia rapidă a deșeurilor și agitarea topiturii. Cuptoarele sunt dotate cu arzătoare regenerative și sistem automat de control al arderii pentru reducerea consumurilor energetice. Zgurile de la topirea aluminiului sunt periodic evacuate și apoi răcite în atmosferă de argon pentru evitarea oxidării aluminiului antrenat. Topitura rezultată este transferată într-un cuptor de menținere unde se poate face si o corecție a compoziției. Pe o instalație de turnare se obțin lingourile de aluminiu secundar.The shredded aluminum wastes are loaded in ovens with side rails with a capacity of 90 tons. The melting takes place at a temperature of 750 ° C. The furnaces are equipped with pumps for the circulation of the melt, devices for quick immersion of the waste and agitation of the melt. The furnaces are equipped with regenerative burners and an automatic combustion control system to reduce energy consumption. The slags from the smelting of aluminum are periodically evacuated and then cooled in an argon atmosphere to avoid oxidation of the entrained aluminum. The resulting melt is transferred to a holding furnace where a composition correction can also be made. Secondary aluminum ingots are obtained on a casting plant.
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Solidificarea lingourilor durează aproximativ 3 ore. Lingourile stripate sunt deformate plastic în mai multe trepte, până se obțin table din care se fabrică noile cutii.The solidification of the ingots takes about 3 hours. Striped ingots are plastic deformed in several stages, until sheets are obtained from which the new boxes are made.
In Marea Britanie a fost pusă în funcțiune de către societatea Alean Recycling prima linie tehnologică din Europa pentru reciclarea cutiilor de aluminiu, [6, 7]. Aici se retopesc ambalaje de la băuturi și se produc semifabricate din care se obțin, prin laminare, table pentru producția de noi cutii. O filiala a lui Alean Recycling utilizează pentru îndepărtarea acoperirilor organice de la suprafața cutiilor pentru băuturi, o tehnologie bazata pe principiul oxidării acestora într-un cuptor rotativ cu contracurent [7, 8], Cuptoarele de topire pot procesa anual până la 70.000 tone deșeuri. Se obțin semifabricate de calitate, care au 27 tone și 9 metri lungime.In the United Kingdom, the first technological line in Europe for the recycling of aluminum cans has been commissioned by Alean Recycling [6, 7]. Here beverages are re-packaged and semi-manufactured products are produced, from which sheets, for the production of new boxes, are obtained by rolling. A subsidiary of Alean Recycling uses to remove organic coatings from the surface of beverage cans, a technology based on the principle of their oxidation in a rotary furnace with countercurrent [7, 8], Melting furnaces can process up to 70,000 tons of waste annually. Quality semi-finished products are obtained, which are 27 tons and 9 meters long.
Un alt exemplu de procesare a deșeurilor de cutii de aluminiu este cel realizat la uzina Kaal -Yennora în Australia, după aceeași succesiune de operații tehnologice: deșeurile de aluminiu fiind mai întâi sortate și apoi presate. Topirea se realizează la ~ 800°C, lingourile obținute sunt laminate in foi pentru fabricarea noilor cutii [6],Another example of processing aluminum box waste is the one made at the Kaal -Yennora plant in Australia, after the same succession of technological operations: the aluminum waste is first sorted and then pressed. The melting is done at ~ 800 ° C, the obtained ingots are laminated into sheets for the manufacture of new boxes [6],
Progresul in domeniul topirii metalelor a vizat si utilizarea câmpului de microunde. Cuptorul de topire in câmp de microunde este o alternativă moderna, ecologica si eficienta energetic la echipamentele clasice, cu un mare potențial de aplicabilitate [9]. Prin acest sistem de încălzire, căldura este generată de un material ceramic care produce temperaturi de pana la 1000 0 C si este superior comparativ cu cel convențional. Acest sistem asigura temperatura necesara topirii materialului din Al. De asemenea, acest sistem de încălzire cu microunde asigura valori de temperatura si viteze de încălzire ridicate [9, 10]. încălzirea cu microunde prezintă o eficientă ridicata de conversie a energiei electrice în căldură [11].Progress in the field of metal smelting has also involved the use of the microwave field. The microwave melting furnace is a modern, environmentally friendly and energy efficient alternative to traditional equipment, with great potential for applicability [9]. Through this heating system, the heat is generated by a ceramic material that produces temperatures up to 1000 0 C and is higher than the conventional one. This system provides the temperature required to melt the material from Al. Also, this microwave heating system provides high temperature values and high heating speeds [9, 10]. Microwave heating has a high efficiency of converting electricity into heat [11].
Brevetul US nr.4330698 descrie un cuptor in care materialul încărcat intr-un creuzet este încălzit si topit cu ajutorul energiei microundelor [12]. Cuptorul este alcătuit dintr-un ansamblu de doua corpuri conectate intre ele, cel inferior, detașabil, un creuzet amplasat in partea inferioara a cuptorului pe un sistem mobil si un ghid de undă pentru dirijarea microundelor de la generatorul de microunde către cuptor.US Patent No. 4330698 describes an oven in which the material loaded in a crucible is heated and melted using microwave energy [12]. The oven is made up of an assembly of two bodies connected together, the lower one, removable, a crucible located at the bottom of the oven on a mobile system and a waveguide for directing the microwave from the microwave generator to the oven.
Un alt exemplu de metoda si aparat pentru topirea metalelor in câmp de microunde este cel descris de brevetul US nr.7011136 [13], Metalul este introdus intrun creuzet ceramic, izolat intr-o carcasa ceramica, in interiorul unei camere cu microunde in care se poate realizata o atmosfera neutra. După topire, creuzetul poate fi scos pentru turnarea metalului. Turnarea se poate face si în interiorul camerei prin picurare sau rularea unei matrite încălzite în interiorul acesteia.Another example of a method and apparatus for melting metals in the microwave field is that described by US Patent No. 7011136 [13], the metal is introduced into a ceramic crucible, isolated in a ceramic housing, inside a microwave chamber in which it is a neutral atmosphere can be achieved. After melting, the crucible can be removed for metal casting. Molding can also be done inside the room by dripping or by running a heated mold inside it.
Autorii brevetului WO 00/00311 descriu un procedeu de topire al metalelor in câmp de microunde in care compoziții metalice in cantitati mari si cu viteze de curgere staționara pot fi topite rapid, sau pana la un grad prestabilit, prin alunecarea acestora de-a lungul camerei cu microunde care conține un susceptor de microunde în contact termic cu fluxul metalic [14], Energia microundelor se propaga in cavitate si încălzește susceptorul de microunde. Energia termica rezultata este transferata in volumul metalului. Prin natura sa, metalul tinde sa fie un excelent conductor de căldură, transferul energiei termice de la susceptor prin tot volumul de metal avand foarte repede. Metoda se aplica topirii metalelor pure, aliajelor si compozițiilor intermetalice aflate sub diverse forme cum ar fi: foi, bare, fibre, pelete, fulgi, granule sau altele.The authors of WO 00/00311 describe a process for melting metals in microwave fields in which metal compositions in large quantities and with steady flow rates can be melted rapidly, or up to a predetermined degree, by sliding them throughout the chamber. with microwaves containing a microwave sensor in thermal contact with the metal flux [14], the microwave energy propagates in the cavity and heats the microwave sensor. The resulting thermal energy is transferred to the volume of the metal. By its nature, the metal tends to be an excellent heat conductor, the thermal energy transfer from the sensor through the entire volume of metal having very fast. The method is applied to the melting of pure metals, alloys and intermetallic compositions in various forms such as: sheets, bars, fibers, pellets, flakes, granules or others.
Din analiza efectuata rezulta ca procedeele clasice de obținere a aluminiului secundar din deșeuri prezintă o serie de dezavantaje cum ar fi: număr mare de operații tehnologice printre care si îndepărtarea materiilor organice de pe suprafața ^2014 0 0 3 0 1 -1 5 -04- 2014 deșeurilor de aluminiu si a umidității, instalații complicate cu multe parti componente, oxidarea frecventa a aluminiului in timpul topirii.From the analysis carried out, it follows that the classical procedures for obtaining secondary aluminum from waste have a number of disadvantages such as: large number of technological operations including removing organic materials from the surface ^ 2014 0 0 3 0 1 -1 5 -04- 2014 aluminum waste and moisture, complicated installations with many component parts, frequent oxidation of aluminum during melting.
Metoda propusa de prezentul brevet, consta in obținerea aluminiului secundar intr-o singura etapa, prin topirea deșeurilor de cutii/doze de aluminiu in câmp de microunde.The method proposed by the present patent, consisted of obtaining secondary aluminum in a single stage, by melting the aluminum box / dose wastes in the microwave field.
Procedeul, conform invenției, înlătură dezavantajele soluțiilor tehnice cunoscute, prin aceea ca deseurile de cutii/doze de aluminiu se topesc intr-o singura etapa in câmp de microunde la temperaturi de 750 - 800 °C, in atmosfera inerta, in amestec cu fondanti, cum ar fi: NaCI+KCI, (NaCI+KCI)+NaF.The process, according to the invention, removes the disadvantages of the known technical solutions, in that the aluminum box / dose wastes melt in a single stage in the microwave field at temperatures of 750 - 800 ° C, in an inert atmosphere, mixed with fluxes, such as: NaCl + KCI, (NaCl + KCI) + NaF.
Invenția prezintă următoarele avantaje:The invention has the following advantages:
- procesare rapida prin utilizarea energiei microundelor pentru topirea directa a deșeurilor de cutii/doze de aluminiu, cu scăderea timpului de lucru la aprox. 20 min;- rapid processing by using microwave energy for the direct melting of aluminum box / dose wastes, reducing the working time to approx. 20 min;
- consum redus de energie, materiale si materii prime;- reduced consumption of energy, materials and raw materials;
- proces ecologic;- ecological process;
- instalația poate funcționa in regim continuu;- the plant can operate in continuous mode;
- metoda poate fi extinsa si pentru alte deșeuri de aluminiu, cum ar fi: rebuturi, resturi din debitări mecanice, deșeuri vechi (alte tipuri de ambalaje de aluminiu).- the method can be extended also for other aluminum waste, such as: scrap, scrap, mechanical waste, old waste (other types of aluminum packaging).
Instalația propusă (Figura 1), pentru obținerea aluminiului secundar din deșeuri de cutii/doze de aluminiu prin utilizarea energiei microundelor este compusă in principal din: cuptor (2), izolație termica (3), creuzet susceptor la microunde (5), generator de microunde (1), sistem admisie gaz inert (6) si termocuplu (7),The proposed installation (Figure 1), for obtaining secondary aluminum from aluminum box / dose wastes using microwave energy is mainly composed of: oven (2), thermal insulation (3), microwave susceptible crucible (5), generator of microwave (1), inert gas inlet system (6) and thermocouple (7),
Se prezintă in continuare, doua exemple de realizare a invenției:The following are two examples of the invention:
Exemplul 1. Șarja necesara experimentărilor (9) este constituita din: deșeuri de cutii/doze de aluminiu (1.000 g) si 100 g flux constituit dintr-un amestec NaCI+KCI in raport 1:1. Deseurile de aluminiu sunt taiate in bucăți de aproximativ 1 cm2 si compactate intr-o presa sub forma unor brichete de cca.15 g. Brichetele se introduc intr-un creuzet realizat din carbura de siliciu (5), material susceptor la microunde. Pentru marirea eficientei de topire, pe suprafața exterioara a crezetului s-a aplicat un strat de cca.2 cm grosime dintr-un material susceptor de microunde alcătuit din SiC si silicat de sodiu (4).Example 1. The country required for the experiments (9) consists of: aluminum box waste / dose (1,000 g) and 100 g flow consisting of a 1: 1 NaCl + KCI mixture. The aluminum waste is cut into pieces of approximately 1 cm 2 and compacted in a press in the form of briquettes of about 15 g. In order to increase the melting efficiency, a layer of about 2 cm thick of a microwave-susceptible material made of SiC and sodium silicate (4) was applied on the outer surface of the crepe.
Intre peretele exterior al creuzetului si incinta cuptorului (2) se afla un strat de izolație termica (3) constituit din fibra ceramica superaluminoasa, rezistenta la temperaturi de pana la 1600 °C. încălzirea materialului se realizează cu ajutorul a trei generatoare de microunde (1) de cate 800 W fiecare, montate pe pereții cuptorului.Between the outer wall of the crucible and the oven enclosure (2) there is a thermal insulation layer (3) made of super-luminous ceramic fiber, resistant to temperatures up to 1600 ° C. The heating of the material is done by means of three microwave generators (1) of 800 W each, mounted on the walls of the oven.
Capacul cuptorului (8) este prevăzut cu o degajare pentru termocuplu Pt/Pt-Rh (7) si alta pentru sistemul de admisie a gazului inert (6). In incinta cuptorului se menține o atmosfera inerta cu azot, la o presiune de cca 0,5 barri.The oven lid (8) is provided with a release for the Pt / Pt-Rh thermocouple (7) and another for the inert gas inlet system (6). Inside the furnace, an inert atmosphere with nitrogen is maintained, at a pressure of about 0.5 bar.
Cuptorul se încălzește intr-o prima etapa la cca. 500 °C când are loc piroliza materiilor organice din lacurile si vopselele cu care sunt inscripționate cutiile de aluminiu. Ulterior temperatura se ridica la cca.750 * 800 °C pentru topirea aluminiului. Durata întregului proces este de cca.20 min. După topire, aluminiul se toarna in nacele încălzite. Lingoul de aluminiu cântărește 930g si are compoziția chimica: 0,76 % Mn, 1,40 % Mg si Al rest.The oven is heated in a first stage at approx. 500 ° C when pyrolysis of the organic matter in the lakes and paints with which the aluminum cans are inscribed takes place. Subsequently the temperature rises to about 750 * 800 ° C for the melting of aluminum. The duration of the whole process is about 20 min. After melting, the aluminum is poured into the heated platforms. The aluminum ingot weighs 930g and has the chemical composition: 0.76% Mn, 1.40% Mg and the rest.
Exemplul 2. Deseurile de aluminiu utilizate sunt bucăți de tabla de aluminiu, cu conținut de 99,7 % Al rezultate in urma unor debitări mecanice. Deseurile au grosime de 1+2 mm si lățimi cuprinse intre 2+100 mm. Șarja experimentala este constituita din 1000 g deșeuri de aluminiu, in amestec cu flux in proporție de 10 % procente greutate din cantitatea de brichete. Fluxul este constituit dintr-un amestecExample 2. Aluminum scrap used are pieces of aluminum sheet, with 99.7% Al content resulting from mechanical cuts. The waste has a thickness of 1 + 2 mm and widths between 2 + 100 mm. The experimental country consists of 1000 g of aluminum waste, mixed with flux in a proportion of 10% by weight of the quantity of lighters. The flow consists of a mixture
C\ 2 O 1 A 0 0 3 0 1 -1 5 -04- 2014C \ 2 O 1 A 0 0 3 0 1 - 1 5 -04- 2014
NaCI+KCI in raport 1:1. Șarja se introduce in creuzetul de SiC si se încălzește in cuptorul cu microunde. încălzirea se face direct pana la temperatura de lucru.NaCI + KCI in 1: 1 ratio. The country is placed in the SiC crucible and heated in the microwave oven. The heating is done directly to the working temperature.
Parametrii de lucru sunt: temperatura 750 + 800 °C, timp cca.10 min, atmosfera inerta: azot, presiune cca 0,5 barri. După topire, aluminiul se toarna in nacela încălzită obtinandu-se un lingou de Al cu masa de 950 g.The working parameters are: temperature 750 + 800 ° C, time about 10 minutes, inert atmosphere: nitrogen, pressure about 0.5 bars. After melting, the aluminum is poured into the heated platform to obtain an Al ingot with a mass of 950 g.
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