RO129125B1 - Artificial model for simulation of percutaneous nephrolithotomy - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an artificial model for practical training intended, in particular, for resident physicians and urology specialists who perform minimally-invasive surgery for removing kidney stones. According to the invention, the model consists of an artificial body (1) which partially reproduces, from the anatomical point of view, the lumbar and pelvic region of the human body, comprising two parts (A and B), i.e. an upper part and a lower part, where the upper part (A) is made of a right upper part and a left upper part (Ad and As) and the lower part (B) is made of a right lower part and a left lower part (Bd and Bs), the said upper and lower parts (Ad, As, Bd and Bs) being made of two upper front parts (Adf, Asf) and two upper back parts (Add, Asd) as well as two lower front parts (Bdf, Bsf) and two lower back parts (Bdd, Bsd), where the upper and lower parts (A and B) are provided on their inward edges with some attachment elements (2) with the role of permitting the assembling or disassembling of the artificial body (1) wherein there are some casts (a, b and c) reproducing female and male genitalia, the renal artery and vein and the ureter, and wherein some contact sensors (6) are mounted so that, in case the ureteroscope path is accidentally deviated, the said deviations are acoustically and/or visually signalled by the touched sensors, each of the right and left upper back parts being provided with a slot (3) and a recess (4) wherein there can be introduced and fixed some artificial kidneys (R) inside which there are provided various stone formations (K), the contact sensors (6) being mounted on the cast which represents the renal artery and vein and lengthwise the urethra.

Description

The invention relates to an artificial model intended for the practical training of resident physicians and urologists who perform minimally invasive surgery to remove renal lithiasis.

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (NPL) involves the fragmentation of the calculation by special devices and the extraction of these fragments, by aspiration or with special pens.

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is recommended for patients with single or multiple renal lithiasis, larger than 2 cm in diameter, or for calyxic lithiasis, as well as for patients with renal abnormalities.

Surgery involves ureteroscopy and catheterization of the ureter, renal access by fluoroscopically guided skin, identification of the calculus, fragmentation, followed by the extraction of fragments.

Clinical experience recommends that, for performing ureteroscopy, resident or student surgeons have a precise surgical technique, based on the knowledge of the anatomy and the different morphometric data of the patients, of the different types of renal lithiasis, as well as of having a good ability and a good ability. handling the nephroscope.

In this context, it is of real importance to develop an artificial model for simulating percutaneous nephrolithotomy and training of resident physicians and urologists who have not yet learned the technique of this intervention.

It is known, from US document 2013/0177890 A1, an artificial anatomical model, made of hydrogel materials, which is made up of components that simulate organs, cartilages, tendons, ligaments, cavity structures and muscles, the model being used to train medical students for the development of the procedures performed in practice and for the development, experimentation or implantation of the different devices.

CN document 2503554 presents a model that simulates a human trunk and the arrangement of internal organs, intended for the observation, learning and scientific research of anatomical organs, which can be replaced with reproductions of identical organs, made from materials containing iron powder, or with reproductions of pathological organs, which allow observation, direct image teaching and demonstration of normal pathological structures.

The technical problem that the invention solves is to provide a technical, efficient means of training the resident doctors and urologists specialists in the operation of percutaneous nephrolithotomy, and to obtain practical skills at the percutaneous introduction of a nephroscope.

The artificial model according to the invention solves this problem by assuming the use of an artificial body, in 1: 1 dimensions, which partially reproduces, from an anatomical point of view, the human body, in the lumbar and pelvic region, model made of materials with adequate elasticity. , silicone type, similar to human tissues, and consists of eight parts, depending on the two longitudinal sections and the cross section practiced on the artificial body, which consists of an upper and a lower part, each part being in turn formed by a - one upper right and one upper left, one lower right and one lower left, and where both the upper and lower parts are each composed of two upper fronts and two upper backs, and two lower parts frontal and two lower dorsal parts, where all the hair the tiles are provided on their edges from the inside, with some fasteners that have the role of being able to assemble in a unitary whole or to disassemble the parts that make up the artificial body, inside the parts having molds that reproduce the female genital organs, the male genital organs and the ureter, molds in which contact sensors are mounted so that, when the path of the ureteroscope is accidentally diverted, the contact sensors, through

RO 129125 Β1 touch, they will signal audio and / or visually these deviations, and where the upper right dorsal 1 and the upper left dorsal upper are provided with a slot and a slot, for the introduction and fixing of artificial kidneys, formed from the joint of two parts, 3 within which different formations of calculations, of different sizes and shapes are provided.

The artificial model for simulating percutaneous nephrolithotomy is intended for the practical training of resident physicians and urologists who perform minimally invasive surgery to remove renal lithiasis, and have the following advantages: 7

- simplifies and shortens the training time of resident doctors and urologists specialists in NLP; 9

- eliminates the need for patient training during the intervention;

- uses, in the training process, models similar to the human body; 11

- eliminates the need to purchase real models;

- allows research / experimentation to be carried out. 13

The invention is presented in detail below, by an embodiment in connection with FIG. 1 ... 7, representing: 15

FIG. 1, a general front view of the artificial model;

FIG. 2, a general side view of the artificial model; 17

FIG. 3A, artificial model section, male subtype;

FIG. 3B, artificial model section, female subtype; 19

FIG. 4, kidney detail;

FIG. 5, urinary tract view and positioning sensors; 21

FIG. 6, front view and positioning sensors;

FIG. 7, types of lithiasis. 2. 3

The artificial model for simulating percutaneous nephrolithotomy according to the invention, as can be seen from fig. 1, it is composed of an artificial body 1, with dimensions 1: 1, which partially reproduces anatomically the human body in the lumbar and pelvic region.

Artificial body 1 is made of materials with adequate elasticity, silicone type, 27 similar to human tissues.

The artificial body 1 is sectioned, following a transverse plane XX, into two parts, a top 29 A and a lower part B. Each of the parts A, B is in turn sectioned along a longitudinal plane YY, resulting in a top right Ad and an upper left 31 As, a lower right Bd and a lower left Bs.

Both the upper parts Ad, As, and the lower parts Bd, Bs are each sectioned 33 after a second longitudinal plane ZZ, resulting in two upper fronts, Adf and Asf and two upper backs Add and Asd, two lower fronts Bdf and Bsf and two 35 lower dorsal parts Bdd and Bsd.

All upper fronts Adf, Asf, upper backs Add, Asd, 37 lower fronts Bdf, Bsf and lower backs Bdd, Bsd are provided, on their inner edges, with fasteners 2, which can be, for example , magnetic buttons 39, having the role of being able to assemble in a whole unit the parts that make up the body 1, or to allow it to be disassembled when the training of resident doctors and 41 specialist urologists takes place.

Adds right upper back and left Asd upper back is 43 with a slot 3 and a slot 4 in which are mounted artificial R kidneys.

Artificial kidneys R are formed by the combination of two parts R1, R2, with the possibility to view inside them different K formations of calculations, of different sizes and shapes, which are similar to those commonly encountered in percutaneous nephrolithotomy operations. 47

RO 129125 Β1 in fig. 7 are represented kidneys presenting with multiple renal lithiasis, coraliform calculus, pelvic calculus or inferior calyx calculus.

The lower front parts Bdf and Bsf and the lower lower parts Bdd and Bsd are of two subtypes and contain a molding a that reproduces the female genital organs or a molding b that reproduces the male genital organs, see fig. 3A and 3B.

Inside the dorsal upper parts Add and Asd, there is provided a molding c of the ureter on a 1: 1 scale, which has a socket 5 with the continuation of the molding of the ureter, disposed in the lower dorsal parts Bdd and Bsd.

Molds a, b, c and those that reproduce renal artery and renal vein from kidney R and the colon have provided some contact sensors 6. Similarly, along the length of the urethra that enters the urinary tract or male, there are provided contact 6, as can be seen from fig. 3A, 3B, 4 and 6, so that when the ureteroscope path is accidentally diverted from the path, the contact sensors 6, by touch, will signal audio and / or visually these deviations.

The artificial model for simulating percutaneous nephrolithotomy according to the invention is useful for obtaining practical, firm and safe skills of resident physicians and urologist specialists in NLP, at the percutaneous introduction of a nephroscope. Through the working channel of the ureteroscope will be introduced various classical accessories that allow the processing of the calculation, depending on its characteristics and the extraction of the lithic fragments from the kidneys, stages that simulate the usual surgical techniques.

The artificial model is made of plastics, with an adequate degree of elasticity, silicone type, similar to human tissues.

Claims (4)

Claims 1 1. Artificial model for simulating percutaneous nephrolithotomy composed of an artificial body 3 that reproduces, from an anatomical point of view, the human body in the lumbar and pelvic region, which has, inside, some molds (a, b, c) that reproduce the organs genital 5 female, male, ureter and kidneys (R), characterized in that the artificial body (1) consists of an upper part (A) and a lower part (B), each part being 7 in turn formed of - one upper right (Ad) and one upper left (As), one lower right (Bd) and one lower left (Bs) and where both the upper parts (Ad, As) and the lower parts (Bd, Bs) are each made up of two front upper parts (Adf, Asf) and two upper backs (Add, Asd), two lower fronts 11 (Bdf, Bsf) and two lower backs (Bdd, Bsd), where all parties are provided, on their edges from the inside, with some fastening elements (2) that have the role of being able to be assembled into a unitary whole or of being able to undo, the molds (a, b, c) that reproduce the female genital organs, the genital organs male, the ureter and kidneys (R) having 15 contact sensors (6) fitted, so that when the ureteroscope is accidentally diverted, the contact sensors (6), by touch, will signal audio and / or visually these 17 deviations . Artificial model for simulating percutaneous nephrolithotomy according to claim 1, 19, characterized in that the upper right dorsal (Add) and the left upper dorsal (Asd) are provided with a slot (3) and a slot (4) for introduction and fixation of artificial kidneys (R). Artificial model for simulating percutaneous nephrolithotomy according to claim 1, 23, characterized in that the ureter mold (c), arranged inside the dorsal (Add, Asd) upper parts of the artificial body (1), is joined by a socket (5). with continuation of the 25 (c) ureter mold, which is disposed in the lower dorsal parts (Bdd, Bsd). 4. Artificial model for simulating percutaneous nephrolithotomy according to claim 27 1 and 2, characterized in that the artificial kidneys (R) are formed by the joining of two parts (R1, R2), within which different calculations (K) are provided, of different 29 sizes and shapes, the contact sensors (6) being mounted on the mold representing the renal artery and the renal vein, and along the length of the urethra. 31