RO125865A0 - Hydrogenerator - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a hydrogenerator that can be placed in any running water, such as rivers or channels of various sizes and flow rates, meant to convert the energy thereof into electric power, intended to be employed in individual farms, in small or big communities, as well as connected to a national current distribution network. According to the invention, the hydrogenerator comprises a supporting frame (1) maintained at the water surface by a floating system (2) and oriented with its symmetry axis (a) on a direction congruent to the water flowing direction by a stabilizing fin (3), and some encapsulated turbines (4 and 5) whose shafts are coupled to some generators (6 and 7), and, by means of some gear boxes, to other electric generators (8 and 9) connected to an electric power transfer and/or storing unit, as well as some deflecting surfaces (12 and 13) placed in front of the aperture of the turbines (4 and 5), the whole assembly being secured by means of a bottom anchor (14) and administered by a central processing unit; the hydrogenerator floating system (2) is provided with one or several groups of tanks and pumps for the control of immersion depth, while the deflecting surfaces (12 and 13) are mobile, with the possibility of selecting the optimal aperture wherethrough the water stream reaches the turbine blades, the central processing unit being provided with electronic subassemblies for the control of operation of every assembly component, depending on the water stream flowing conditions, with a self-contained radio-electronic communication system for the remote control and with a warning and self-defense electronic system.

Description

THE STATE IORCI FOR INVENTIONS AND TRADEMARKS

Patent application _{N <} . £ 2.OO ^C J

hydro

The invention relates to a hydrogenerator that can be placed on any running water - rivers, streams or canals of various sizes and flows, as well as in sea currents - and which converts their energy into electricity and can be used in individual households, in small communities. or large, as well as connected to a national electricity distribution network.

The growing need for electricity in the context of modern civilization and the explosive development of technology worldwide is well known. The process for obtaining electricity that uses the kinetic energy of watercourses is also known. Unfortunately, this natural energy is used in a very small percentage compared to the existing resources, very few countries exploiting, at the real possibilities, the force of water currents from rivers and streams.

One of the main reasons for this way of generating electricity is that it does not require any fuel and that the transformation of the kinetic energy of water into electricity does not result in any substances or residues, which makes it the most appropriate - in terms of converting these energies to preserve the environment.

Another motivation is that there are many streams that can be used in this process, without special arrangements, and that this kinetic energy is free only to know how to use it at its true value.

Remaining in this field of energy use of running water are known different types of rotors, placed with the horizontal axis, usually above the water surface and near the shores, provided with blades placed in a radial direction, flat or curved. Mention may be made in this regard of the grinding wheel and the sloping wheel, which, however, are not used to obtain electricity, but only to obtain mechanical energy such as rotational motion. But these types of rotors could not be used as such, ie without the possibility of adjusting the depth at which the rotor blades sink, and placing them above the water would prevent the movement of boats.

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Also, being placed near the banks of running water, the speed of water flow and as a result its flow are lower than if they were located near the axis of the riverbed.

Also known are hydroelectric installations for the use of kinetic energy of falling water to obtain electricity - hydropower plants - large-scale developments that require extensive and costly prospecting and projects on the site of the creation of the reservoir, the dam to dam the water. the lake, the escape route, the choice of hydro units and their location. Other huge expenses are required for materials and labor for the arrangement of the lake, the construction of the dam and its sluices, the drain pipe, the actual power plant where the hydro units are installed and the control room with all the control equipment, as well as transformer station.

The technical problem solved by the invention is the realization of a hydrogenerator that allows the use of natural energy of running water with the help of a cassette construction in which the transformations of kinetic energy into mechanical energy and its into electrical energy take place.

The hydrogenerator, according to the invention, eliminates the above disadvantages by the fact that it consists of a support frame maintained on the surface of the water by a floating system and directed with an axis of symmetry in a direction congruent with the direction of water flow of a stabilizer wing and from some enclosed turbines whose shafts are connected to some electric generators, and through some gearboxes, to other electric generators. Both generator sets are connected by electrical cables to a shore-based power transfer and / or storage unit. Some mobile deflector surfaces are placed next to the turbine openings and the optimal opening through which the water flow reaches the turbine blades can be chosen. the whole assembly is anchored by a bottom anchor and administered by a central processing unit. The buoyancy system of the hydrogenerator is equipped with one or more floats and one or more groups of tanks and pumps for adjusting the immersion depth. The lashing system for anchoring the assembly may be attached to existing banks, bottoms or structures and may use fixed or adjustable devices to position and hold the assembly in the desired position. The central processing unit is equipped with electronic subassemblies for commanding and controlling the operation of all components of the assembly according to the flow conditions of the water stream, with a system autonomous radio-electronic communication for remote control and with an electronic subassembly of alarm and self-defense. The power transfer and / or storage unit is equipped with a system for stabilizing capacity and electrical load fluctuations, with storage batteries, and high power capacitors, as well as with transformers and transfer stabilizers.

The following advantages are obtained from the application of the present invention:

- the cassette electric hydrogenerator, driven by the natural water flow is simple to manufacture, uses a continuous and inexhaustible energy source;

- the energy source is natural and does not require any physical or chemical process of production, manufacture, processing or transformation;

- the energy source, the raw material used as the only main source of energy generation, is absolutely clean, perfectly clean;

- the raw material is absolutely free with a zero cost;

- the hydrogenerator can be standardized, in large series of production or can be manufactured in small, specialized series, according to the specific conditions of installation and operation.

- the hydrogenerator is cheap to manufacture, efficient and does not require any expensive construction, with a permanent negative impact on the environment.

An embodiment of the invention is given below in connection with the figures and 2, which represent:

Fig. 1 is a front view of the hydrogenerator according to the invention;

- fig.2, top view from fig. 1.

The hydrogenerator, according to the invention, consists of a support frame 1, maintained at the surface of the water by a system of boundaries 2 and directed with an axis of symmetry a in a direction congruent with the direction of flow of water by a stabilizing wing 3.

On the support frame 1 are positioned adjacent some turbines with variable opening 4 and 5 on whose vertical axis are connected directly some electric generators 6 and 7, as well as by means of gearboxes not shown, to other electric generators 8 and 9. The generators 6, 7, 8 and 9 are connected, by means of electrical cables not shown, to an electricity transfer and / or storage unit, also not shown, placed on one of the banks of the watercourse.

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Turbines 4 and 5 have openings of blades 10 and 11 arranged symmetrically with respect to the axis of symmetry so that the reaction forces arising in their shafts due to the impact of the water current on blades 10 and 11 cancel each other and the hydrogen generator assembly according to the invention. , to keep its position and direction.

The outer housing of the support frame 1 is provided upstream with a spur b which breaks the waves of the water current and at the same time directs it towards the two turbines 4 and 5. Towards the outside, on either side of the assembly , there are deflector surfaces 12 and 13 whose position is adjustable, taking care that these, together with the sides of the attack spur b, create some confusing whose angular openings can be varied automatically and which allow to increase the speed of the water at the entrance to the active area. of blades 10 and 11.

The flotation system 2 is provided with groups of tanks and pumps, not shown, by means of which the hydrogenerator, according to the invention, can remain at the surface of the water or sink to a certain depth depending on the characteristics of the water flow, weather conditions or of naval traffic.

The hydrogenerator, according to the invention, is provided with a central processing unit which must take into account the speed of the water flow to raise or lower the whole assembly with the help of tanks and pumps in the float system to place it at depth with speed the largest of the water. Automatically lowered and lowered controls will also be required to allow boats to pass over the whole, for example.

The same processing unit controls the opening angle of the turbines 4 and 5 in relation to the direction and characteristics of the water flow, the operation of the gearboxes of the electric generators 8 and 9 and the opening or closing of access to the blades 10 and 11 of the hydrogenerator according to the invention. the weather or the need for electricity to the consumer.

The hydrogenerator, according to the invention, can be held in the optimum position on the watercourse, either by a bottom anchor 14 or by a system of ropes, fixed and / or adjustable, not shown, by which it can be kept at the desired distance. against the shores of running water or pulled ashore in the event of an intervention on it.

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Above or below the support frame 1 can be mounted, depending on the needs or the chosen construction options, further developments including accumulator batteries, other utilities.

The hydrogenerator, according to the invention, is the result of a complex process of studies and searches, determined by the need to find a relatively constant and inexhaustible energy source, with zero toxic emissions, perfectly non-polluting.

The invention is, in principle, similar to a turbine-generator system mounted in a hydropower plant, respectively similar to a single unit of the complex but, unlike such an installation, which is particularly expensive to build and which has a massive impact on the environment, the hydrogenerator , according to the invention, it is simple to build and exploit, without requiring a dam and without having a permanent negative impact on nature.

Due to its variable dimensions, practically infinite, dictated by the energy capacities specific to the point of exploitation, the hydrogenerator, according to the invention, can be installed on any river, canal or even in sea and ocean currents. It is designed to operate in immersion, at variable depths, having the ability to self-determine, through the on-board processor program the optimal position to obtain the maximum flow rate of the power source.

The hydrogenerator, according to the invention, can be made of light, natural materials such as aluminum, or synthetics such as polycarbonate. It is designed to protect itself against natural factors such as floods and floods, as well as against possible attempted theft or vandalism. In the case of natural factors, the turbine box self-closes and sinks while simultaneously disconnecting the electrical connections to the shore unit. Attempts at theft or vandalism are prevented by an electronic alarm and self-defense system not shown.

For the commissioning of the hydrogenerator, according to the invention, the protection boxes of turbines 4 and 5 are opened to allow the water current to rotate blades 10 and 11, action which moves the electric generators 6 and 7 or by means of gearboxes, generators 8 and 9. The opening of the protection boxes and the exposure of the turbines 4 and 5, as well as the working angle of the blades 10 and 11 are automatically controlled by the central processing unit which chooses the optimal direction and depth iV 2 O 0 9 - 0 0 B 9 2 - O 3 -11- 2009 for obtaining the maximum flow rate of the energy source: river, canal, or sea current.

The deflector surfaces 12 and 13 are opened by the same processing unit so as to obtain an optimum water intake area and to generate optimum rotational speeds of turbines 4 and 5. To obtain a conversion with a maximum efficiency of the generated kinetic energy source, first in mechanical power and then in electrical power, all subassemblies to the hydrogenerator according to the invention are coordinated on the basis of data transmitted by a sensor system not shown connected to the central processing unit.

Turbines 4 and 5 are connected, by one or more units of translation of the movement to the electric generators 8 and 9. The movement can be transferred by a direct connection - with conical wheels, by gear-rack - or by a box of electronic speeds. The latter has the advantage that, regardless of the speed of the water flow and the regulation of the opening of the deflector surfaces 12 and 13, it can control and optimize the transfer of kinetic energy into mechanical energy, to generators 8 and 9, thus producing electricity in the most efficient way. efficient.

The composition and mode of operation of turbines with variable opening 4 and 5 are the subject of patent application number A 00 ...... 2009.

From a technical point of view, the dimensions, shape and capacity of the electric generators 6, 7, 8 and 9 used in the present invention are unlimited. Their characteristics and their specific mode of operation are dictated directly by the chosen location. They can be classic, alternating or direct current, they can be sandwich type or they can be integrated directly in the axis of turbines 4 and 5.

The transfer and / or storage unit is an electrical station, installed floating or on shore, stabilizes, transforms, stores and transfers the electricity produced by the water generator, according to the invention. The characteristics and technical working parameters of the power station are determined by the specific operating conditions.

The central processing unit is connected to specialized subassemblies, data collection sensors, analysis and control. Based on the information received from the specialized subassemblies, the central unit controls and administers the entire system in order to operate with maximum efficiency. It is also equipped with a system (Λ-2 Ο Ο 9 - Ο Ο 8 9 2 - 0 3 -11- 2009 autonomous radio-electronic communication for remote control and is connected to the electronic subassembly of alarm and self-defense.

The hydrogenerator, according to the invention, can also be mounted in various relatively fixed anchoring variants, a recommended solution for watercourses with relatively high flow rates. On mountain rivers, with high variability in water flow, the hydrogenerator can be embedded in the systems for breaking and correcting the flow or even at the base of one or more supports / legs of bridges.

The hydrogenerator, according to the invention, is equipped with a sound and light signaling system to be perceived day, night and in any weather conditions.

Claims (9)

îx - 2 009-00892-0 3 -11- 2009 WfLVENpiCĂRI 1. Hydrogenerator, characterized in that it consists of a support frame (1) held on the surface of the water by a flotation system (2) and directed with an axis of symmetry (a) in a direction congruent with the direction of flow of water from a stabilizing wing (3) and from enclosed turbines (4 and 5) whose shafts are connected to electric generators (6 and 7) which are connected, by electrical cables, to a transfer and / or storage unit of shore-side electricity as well as deflector surfaces (12 and 13) placed near the turbine openings (4 and 5), the whole assembly being anchored by means of a bottom anchor (14) and administered by a central processing unit . Hydrogen generator according to Claim 1, characterized in that the enclosed turbines (4 and 5) are also connected to other electric generators (8 and 9) by means of gearboxes. Hydrogen generator according to Claim 1, characterized in that the flotation system (2) is provided with one or more floats. Hydrogenerator according to Claim 1, characterized in that the flotation system (2) is provided with one or more groups of tanks and pumps for adjusting the immersion depth. Hydrogen generator according to Claim 1, characterized in that the deflector surfaces (12 and 13) are movable and the optimum opening through which the water flow reaches the turbine blades can be chosen. Hydrogen generator according to claim 1, characterized in that it can be Hydrogenerator according to Claim 1, characterized in that the system of ropes for anchoring the assembly can be fixed to existing banks, bottoms or structures and can use fixed or adjustable devices to position and keep the assembly in the desired position. Hydrogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that the central processing unit is provided with electronic subassemblies for controlling and controlling the operation of all components of the assembly according to the conditions of? <“2 Ο Ο 9 ~ Ο Ο 8 9 2 - - 0 3 -t - 2009 water flow, with an autonomous radio-electronic communication system for remote control and with an electronic subassembly of alarm and self-defense. Hydrogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that the power transfer and / or storage unit is provided with a system for stabilizing capacity and electrical load fluctuations, with storage batteries, and high-power capacitors, as well as with transformers and transfer stabilizers.