RO115465B1 - Solar pump - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a pump driven by solar energy wherein the pumping energy is supplied by an agent heated in a pressure tank (K), placed in the focus of a mirror system The mirror system may comprise a parabolic mirror (SP) or, for special use, an inflated transparent balloon (OH), with a reflecting internal surface (UH) and a support suitably shaped in order to obtain the desired curvature of the mirror

Description

The invention relates to a solar pump that is used to transport water from wells (wells) to the surface, pumping from one reservoir to another at a height higher than the first (with the possibility of pumping into the cascade from the tank, in case of large differences level), high pressure irrigation with vertical nozzles for the production of tropical rainfall; and so on

Apparatus for focusing solar energy as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,1530,397, which include parabolic mirrors, as well as solar radiation capture pipelines through which water circulates, and mechanical systems for orienting mirrors by the position of the sun.

The technical problem that the invention solves is to create a pumping system where the solar pressure generator is located in the center of the focusing mirror, and the use of the thermal agent pressure is conditioned by surveillance and transport systems, adapted to the configuration of water resources.

The pumping system, according to the invention, consists of two main components.

a) A pump, at which the pumping pressure generation takes place as follows: solar radiation, concentrated in the outbreak of a mirror system, is used to heat a pressure vessel (hereinafter referred to as the solar pressure generator - GSP). The pressure thus obtained in the GSP is then directed to the well (well) and produces the water discharge through an upward transport pipe, to the desired height.

Apart from the possibility of GSP being a steam boiler and steam being the generator of the pumping pressure, there is also the possibility that only GSP is heated in air (whose pressure is thus increased). In this case, the fresh water inlet system in the GSP is replaced by a simple vent valve.

In the variant of steam production in GSP, the pumping pressures, achieved, are higher.

b) A mirror, described below, which is made of reflective sheets and presents several constructive variants, of which the "balloon" variant is described in detail.

In addition to the use described above, said mirror can also be used for focusing other types of radiation, for example: laser, high frequency waves, thermal radiation s.a; the mirror can be used as a component of some heat-heating systems. For exploitation in district heating it is described in the examples that follow the placement of the mirror on the roof of a house, when the advantage of the particularly reduced weight of the assembly is highlighted.

The object of the invention is to create a pump that produces a sufficiently high transport pressure, its transformation into the pumping capacity is easy and the pumping is done exclusively with the help of solar energy.

The basic elements of the pumping system, which will be presented below in turn, are: a solar radiation concentration device, a solar pressure generator - GSP, located in the outbreak of this device, pressure pipes to control the pressure thus created in well (well), a well pressure closure device and a pumped water conveyance pipe (pipe or hose).

The pressure closure device has the role of stopping the pressure created in the GSP, in order to fully utilize this pressure when pumping water into the well.

In the variant of steam operation, the possibility of self-feeding is provided

GSP with fresh water.

To begin with, it is noted that, at the start, the water intake in the GSP is made with the input of the external energy (from an auxiliary pump, which is fed by the cell

RO 115465 Less solar power), when fresh water is first supplied to an additional vessel, placed above GSP, by means of an electric fan. During the filling of the additional vessel with the help of the auxiliary pump, the electric fan is closed and the position of the solar radiation concentration system is adjusted at the same time. These operations, as well as the rest of the electronic controls, are performed using a computerized system, which can be (optionally) supplied by solar cells as well. After filling the additional vessel 55, the supply valve is opened and GSP is already filled in the outbreak of the concentration system. After reaching a previously established steam pressure, it will be used to push the water from the well through the transport pipe and some of the pumped water will be returned to the GSP so that for the following filling cycles - heating will not require external energy supply (or only very small pulses). To achieve proper recirculation, it is advisable to insert a pump in the return circuit, which will act as a pulse generator. pumping water with an electric fan, after which GSP filling occurs due to residual pressure. In this case, the pulse generating pump will contribute very little of its capacity to the GSP filling. Preferably, this pump is powered by solar cell batteries (which produce a high electric shock load).

In order to ensure the tight closure of the pressure in the well, two options are presented below.

a) The pressure closure takes place by means of a watertight lid, shown in 70 below, whose position can be adjusted tangentially to the water mirror in the well. □ An alternative to this setting is to maintain a constant level of water in the well using a sluice system or a buffer tank. For wells with a small diameter, it is possible to even abandon the adjustment system of the lid.

b) The well is not provided with a sealed lid, instead there is a vessel below water level 75, which is filled during the heating phase of the GSP, by means of valves and, at the corresponding change of the closed-open state of the valves, electronically controlled , the pressure steam created in GSP will push the water from the vessel into the transport pipe.

For maximum heating effect, GSP is relatively small in size 80 compared to the surface of the mirror in which it is placed, has a spherical shape and is painted black.

And for the solar pressure generator - GSP - two variants are described below.

- In the first variant, the pressure created in the spherical generator is transferred 85 directly into the pressure pipe leading to the surface of the water in the well (high pressure variant).

- In the second embodiment, an additional tank is provided, thermally insulated and connected to the high pressure spherical vessel, subjected to heating. This additional tank can be disposed off the mirror (in Fig. 11 the SP mirror is marked with the dotted line) 90 and the circulation between it and the pressure generator itself - KG is ensured by means of pumps or is made spontaneously, due to the difference temperature between them. The additional tank is disposed near the GSP, outside the mirror and is connected to it by two pipes: the first, through which the heated water from the GSP is driven into the additional tank, and the second, through which the water from the base of the additional tank 95 is fed into the GSP. . Pumps for accelerating the exchange of heat may be provided on one or both of the pipes. Use of this extra tank

RO 115465 Bl leads to the creation of a higher volume of accumulation of the pressure required for pumping, while maintaining the advantage of a low volume GSP (high heating speed).

An improved variant involves performing a preheating of the pressure pipe between the GSP and the well (referred to as the "steam path"). The energy required for preheating can, for example, come from a similar system (mirror + GSP) attached to the one providing the pumping itself. Preheating can be done with steam, hot water or hot air, obtained in the second GSP. Due to preheating, the pressure and pumping capacity increase significantly.

To ensure continuity of pumping, the described pumping devices can be used in batteries, in which the component modules work alternately in the pumping-heating phases.

It is also possible to connect several pressure generators in parallel, with a common pressure pipe, the connection being made with the help of appropriate pressure regulators.

A concentrating mirror according to the invention is described below with the following advantages:

- may have relatively large dimensions;

- it is easy to do;

- has a very low weight of its own compared to the mirrors currently used;

- it is relatively cheap, it has a great power of reflection;

- is dustproof and can be installed without difficulty.

The reflecting surface can be parabolic, spherical or cylindrical.

In addition to the possibility of the mirror being made of a plastic material covered with a thin, metallic reflective layer (obtained, for example, by galvanizing) and dust-protected with a plexiglass dome, the mirror can be manufactured in a number of variants. based on a transparent balloon. This type of mirror is very suitable for the mentioned uses and, in particular, for the solar pump described in the invention.

The balloon mirror is made up of two parts: the upper part, the larger one, is transparent, to allow the passage of the sun's rays, and the lower part, the smaller one, has a reflective inner face. The desired curvature for the reflecting part of the balloon (the mirror itself) is obtained by grinding this part onto a support surface of suitable shape, which can be made of a very light material (eg Styropor). Optionally, between the Styropor surface and the balloon membrane, a very thin layer can be interspersed, from an expanded material. The support surface of Styropor will have the shape of a pan with a parabolic or spherical curvature and may be provided, for example, with a plastic frame for stiffening.

□ another variant provides for the execution of the upper, transparent part, of the balloon, of an elastic material, and of the lower part, which ensures the reflection, from a slightly elastic or even rigid material (for example foil). When the air is introduced into the balloon at a set pressure, the upper part will be stretched which, in turn, will tension the lower part (reflecting) thus obtaining, very simply, a concentrating mirror.

If it is desired to obtain a mirror with a larger diameter, also from the foil, the following method is considered: the reflecting surface of the mirror rests on a device made of a plurality of pieces of metallic, triangular foil, which in principle form a fan. As a plastic material, a thin foil can be used, such as that used for winding the elements for capacitors.

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The desired shape for the reflecting surface is obtained by tensioning the foil elements until they reach along the equal sides and welding them, for example, through a HF process.

Another constructive variant of the balloon-mirror is characterized by the fact that the edge of the reflecting foil is welded by the membrane of the balloon, membrane that is continuous and at the bottom, so that two inner compartments are formed: the first, which is bordered by the transparent part of the balloon and by the reflective foil, and the second, which is a thin pillow between the reflective foil (the mirror itself) and the outer, supporting face, constituted by the more resistant membrane of the balloon. Thus, an increased reflective effect is obtained, it is possible to use a very thin film, which is well protected. By properly adjusting the air pressure in the two compartments, the shape of the foil can be modified until the desired curvature of the mirror is achieved.

In another possible embodiment, presented below, the outer fixation of the membrane is provided by the edge of the support which gives the desired curvature to the reflecting part. This fixation forms a rigid border of the inflated part of the balloon.

The upper part of the balloon, which does not rest on the support and is transparent, closes the face of the mirror in the balloon and thus protects it against dirt. To regulate the air pressure in the balloon, there is a small compressor equipped with a pressure switch and an electric fan. For the two-compartment variant, the compressor may alternatively be connected to each compartment or two compressors may be provided.

Another constructive variant described below further provides a support body for the reflective foil, which is enclosed in the balloon.

A special measure to be taken is to equip the upper part of the balloon with a sealing opening (for example with a screw cap provided with a gasket), large enough that the valves and sensors can be adjusted by hand from the inside. The fixing of the balloon can be done with a net whose edges are attached to the support surface.

The simple construction mode makes it possible to have a very precise electromagnetic orientation of the mirror according to the position of the sun, so that the solar pressure generator is always in focus. This orientation will be coordinated with the help of temperature sensors, mounted on an outer surface of the GSP. In principle, there are four sensors positioned in the corners of a square.

The use of several sensors facilitates the orientation of the mirror by the position of the sun.

The invention has the following advantages:

- simple construction;

- high efficiency and reliability.

Further examples of embodiments of the invention in connection with FIG. 1 ... 11 which represents:

FIG. 1, the functional scheme of principle, of the solar pressure generator and its annexes;

FIG. 2, an embodiment of the sealed closure;

FIG. 3, the system of pipes and valves in the variant of preheating the steam path;

FIG. 4, an embodiment of a mirror - fan;

FIG. 5 a, section regarding the installation of a balloon mirror;

FIG. 5b, a constructive improvement of the balloon-mirror;

FIG. 5c, another application of the balloon-mirror;

FIG. 6, an example of mounting a balloon mirror;

FIG. 7, scheme for transmitting the control signals through a two-wire cable;

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FIG. 8, an example of the sealing of the wells in the water mirror;

FIG. 9a, and FIG. 9b, presentation of the pump housing and the pressure and electrical connections;

FIG. 10, a way of orienting the mirror;

FIG. 11, varied in which the solar pressure generator is provided with an additional vessel.

in FIG. 1, a functional diagram of the solar pressure generator and its axes is presented.

The supply (for example by means of the residual pressure) of the amount of water required to start in the additional vessel 102 is via the valve 101 when the water intake valve 103 in the solar pressure generator KG is closed. It is good that the additional vessel contains sufficient water for several starts.

Self-supplying fresh water, during operation, of the GSP solar pressure generator is made through the branch 20 with the aid of a dP pump (22J, pulse generator, which works with the accumulators with solar cells 30. Also in fig. 1: 21- valve that stops GSP drainage; 23 - fresh water inlet valve; 24 - steam outlet valve. Fans 23 and 24 are electronically controlled. K - Spherical pressure reservoir having externally mounted, four temperature sensors, required for orientation the vessel according to the position of the sun; 27 - electronic level indicator; PK - pressure sensor; T - temperature sensor for indoor temperature (optional).

Sensor indications are transmitted to a computer that controls the closing and opening of the valves, respectively the quantities of water depending on the desired force of the pump and the available solar radiation.

The spherical vessel K (solar pressure generator) is placed in the mirror's outline, which is not shown in fig. 1.

Fig. 2, shows an embodiment of the tight pressure closure for the variant in which there is no hermetic closure of the well at the water mirror level, the hermetic closure of the pressurized water with the help of steam is made through a buffer tank.

in FIG. 3, the system of pipes and valves is presented to the variant with the preheating of the steam path, described above.

In the embodiment fig. 2, the buffer tank consists of a spiral pipe R, which is grabbed by a floating body and sunk with its help, immediately under the water mirror. By this floating body is suspended a pipe in the form of the letter U (UR), whose ends DR1 and DR2 exit above the floating body and, through them, the inlet or outlet of steam is made. The special connection for steam output can be used in this variant for preheating. In this case, the U-shaped pipe is thermally insulated (WIS). Preheating can be done with steam or only with hot air. Regardless of the agent, a separate concentrating mirror with its own solar pressure vessel is provided for preheating (fig. 3). The Dare-shaped pipe in the middle of the lower part is a coupling possibility, commanded by the VR valve, with the spiral pipe at its lowest end. Also at the bottom end of the spiral pipe R is an intake valve VF, through which the pumping water can enter. This coupling is electronically controlled by the computer (VF, VR and VB valves) and operates in the following successive stages.

a) In the first stage, the connection between the UR pipe and the spiral pipe R is closed through the VR valve and the passage through the U-shaped pipe is possible through the opening

RO 115465 Blower of the VB valve. In this situation, the pre-heating of the U-shaped pipe is provided with steam, the connections DR1 and DR2 being piped to the auxiliary generator K1, responsible for the preheating, according to the following example.

b) After preheating, the position of the valves changes as follows: the VB valve is closed and the VR valve is open and, at the same time, at point DR1, the solar pressure generator will be connected, involved in the pumping phase itself (K2 in fig. 3). ). The steam pressure admitted by DR1 will push the water column from the R pipe upwards, through the transport pipe SR, thus achieving the pumping effect.

c) before the total decrease of the steam pressure by draining the water in the SR pipe, the GSP is filled with fresh water to generate a new quantity of steam. GSP supply with residual pressure has been described previously. Then there is the closure of the VR valve, which stops the entry of steam into the R. pipe. These operations are so ordered in time that, when the steam inlet is stopped (VR closed), the transport through the SR pipe is not completed. Thus, at the lower end of the pipe R, there will be a depression that will actuate the VF valve, leaving the well water to enter the R. The VF valve can be an elastic valve or an electronically controlled valve, when it is necessary to install a pressure sensor. pressure in the R. pipe

A flow or level transducer connected to the control computer is also located in the R pipe. For the possibility of filling the reservoir of the pipe R and in the absence of a depression at its base, a ventilation valve VE is provided, at its upper end, at the opening whose filling takes place only due to the difference in level between the level of the water in the well and the intake valve VF . And the VE valve is computer controlled,

d) After filling the R pipe and the solar pressure generator with fresh water, the operation is resumed with the step in point a.

The use of a floating body - SWKP - to support the pump requires the use of hoses instead of pipes.

In an improved embodiment, between the lower end of the spiral filling vessel R and the steam inlet valve VR a small heat exchanger is provided, with a heating spiral HZ, through which steam circulates under pressure, during the preheating phase, then closed at the ends. This hot spiral produces boiling water at the base of the R pipe, in the portion contained in the small heat exchanger, a process that has the effect of intensifying the phenomenon of water absorption in the spiral filling vessel. It is reached when the water pushed in the steam inlet phase is already preheated, reducing the temperature difference between steam and water. This improves the efficiency of transforming the pressure energy of steam into effective pumping energy.

For the design of the pump, according to the invention, in principle, the same basic theoretical elements have been used, which are also valid for steam turbines.

The diagram of FIG. 3 shows a proposal to link the GSP with a filling tank (R), according to FIG. 2, through connections DR1 and DR2 for preheating and steam under pressure, and SR, for pumped water. SP1 and SP2 are mirrors are the parabolic mirrors corresponding to generators K1 and K2. These mirrors may be balloon mirrors, as described above, or ordinary mirrors made of aluminum sheet. For the mirrors in the sheet the desired shape can be obtained, for example, by pressing on a (pattern) wood pattern. The use of balloon mirrors allows the manufacture of the parabolic-shaped support, of the wooden mirror, PVC or an expanded material, easily, by very simple and cheap procedures.

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The connection system of FIG. 3 makes it possible to create two main circuits, which come into operation, alternatively. The first, which constitutes the pumping system itself and comprises the pressure generator K2, and the second, which ensures the preheating of the "steam path" (the portion between DR1 and VB in fig.2) and comprises the pressure generator K1. Both circuits are connected via connections DR1 and DR2 by the filling vessel R, of the pump.

GSP K1, with mirror SP1, is provided for preheating and is connected to the well device, in DR1 and DR2, through the pipes LHZ1 and LHZ2. The circuit is supported by the PDW recirculation pump and can be isolated from the pump itself by closing the V2 and V3 valves. This circuit can also be used in cases of preheating with hot air or hot water.

The steam pressure circuit for the pumping itself is realized by connecting the point 24, steam output from GSP K2 to point DR1, through the pipe on which the valve V4 is located. Through this connection, the admission of pressure steam into the U-pipe of the immersed device takes place.

During the preheating phase, the preheating circuit valves (V2 and V3) are opened, and the steam inlet valve on the steam path V4 is closed, when switching to the pumping phase, V2 and V3 will be closed, and V4 will open.

There is a possibility that part of the "steam path" will be flooded with water, to reduce the volume of steam under pressure. The amount of water allowed on the steam path will be pumped into the RV tank, where it can be used to fill GSP vessels with water, in case of pump start-up.

in operation, according to fig. 3, the fresh water supply for the GSP supply will also be provided by the RV tank through the PD1 and PD2 pumps (powered by solar cells). For the RV tank there is the possibility of draining in one of the connections DR1 or DR2 through the valve V1. Also in FIG. 3 we have: P - aid pump for filling the RV tank; 101 - coupling valve between the filling pipe and the water conveyor pipe.

The RV tank can be pressurized by compressed air (using the P pump) to speed up the filling of the GSP tanks, and especially if, for example, the steam path is in a preheated state and the pump must be started quickly or if desired. start at maximum pressure, after filling with fresh water.

The operation according to fig. 3 differs from that according to fig. 1 by the fact that the fresh water supply of the solar pressure generator is not made directly from the SR transport pipe, but through the RV tank. Its filling is carried out by the pump P and the water intake in the tank is controlled by the valve 101.

in FIG. 4 shows an example of a mirror - fan, made of elements (160) made of thin film, which are then fastened to a ring (170) of diameter D and welded along the longitudinal edges (490). The ring is the center point of the mirror and is provided inside with a rubber gasket (sealing cuff), in which a tube is mounted.

Through this tube, pipes and electrical connections lead to GSP. The rubber sleeve allows the mirror and its support to move independently of the tube, while ensuring sealing. The surface of support of the mirror is provided with a suitable hole for the passage of this tube.

The outer edge of the reflective foil elements, which constitute the mirror, can be welded directly to the inner surface of the balloon membrane.

For this purpose, the outer edges of the mirror are provided with a ring of

RO 115465 Bl

345 weldable material (eg rubber or PVC), thus obtaining the air pillow (chamber) under the mirror, described above.

For adjusting the curvature of the mirror, it is expected that its surface will be tested with a laser beam sent on it, when, for example, the direction of the reflected ray is analyzed using a rectangular network of diodes placed on a dial, and the result is used at adjusting the pressure difference between the two chambers, above and below the face of the mirror (with the help of the two compressors and the related valves).

□ The balloon can be fitted with an external stiffening ring, anchored to the bolts and mounted on the mirror support surface. A section of this assembly is shown in fig. 5a: the support 600 made of Styropor has in the middle a hole 610, through which passes the tube 300 of the solar pressure generator K. The support of Styropor is reinforced with a plastic frame 660 and is supported by four cardan joints, similar to the compass, and it can be oriented with the help of motors, as described below.

The cardan mount is adjustable in any direction, allowing the position of the mirror to be adjusted according to the position of the sun.

For each direction (cardinal point) a spherical joint (777a - 777d) is mounted on the mirror support (777a - 777d) in the extension of which is a longitudinal sliding bar 888. The mirror support is mounted in the center on a spherical joint 700, due to which the support can be tilt in any direction, around the tube 300, through which the connections for water, steam and electric are provided, through the hoses 112 and 113. Thus, by longitudinal movement of the bars 888 with the help of electric motors, the inclination of the mirror can be modified according to position of the sun. Also in FIG. 5a we have: OH - upper, transparent membrane of the balloon; UH - lower membrane with SPFL reflector layer (line A - B delimits the two parts of the balloon - it can be, for example, the weld line); K - GSP with external thermoelements (TH) for determining the optimal position of the K sphere 1100 - the mesh for fixing the balloon, grabbed by the support 600 and stabilized with one or more transverse bands 1600; 717 - balloon fastening elements; 714 - rubber sleeve.

□ An interesting variant of the application is that in which several mirrors are mounted in rows - small spherical concrete on the roof of a house, and their corresponding GSP are connected in parallel.

Another example of applying this type of mirror is shown in FIG. 6, where the mirror is placed under the glass roof of a house. As shown in the figure, the mirror can be mounted under a flat portion of the roof, when the upper part of the balloon is molded inside the glass roof and the edges of the lower part are fixed to the roof with a rubber gasket. The balloon can also be taken out of the roof by means of a skylight and is then protected laterally by the roof of the house.

Compared to an ordinary parabolic eagle (for example, a foil fan with the corresponding parabolic support), the balloon mirror has the great advantage of being light weight and being well protected against dirt. If necessary, the compressors serving the balloon are provided with dust filters so that the pumped air is clean.

The variant described in FIG. 6 may, for example, be used only as a hot water generator, or it may also serve a well pump, in accordance with the principle described.

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Another application, which holds the balloon mirror principle, is shown in fig. 5c. In this case the membrane of the balloon is shaped like a cylinder which is pierced, through the seals 1300, by a pipe RL, which constitutes, in fact, the GSP vessel. In order to achieve the reflecting part, there is provided a trough-shaped foil (SPFL) whose section can be circular or parabolic.

The following is an example of refinement of the constructive principle of the balloon mirror (Figs. 5b and 5c) for both the spherical and the cylindrical form. The reflector foil support 600 is preferably made of lightweight, expanded material (eg Styropor) and is located inside the balloon, in the chamber created between the underside of the SPFL reflector foil and the lower membrane of the UM balloon. The edge of the reflective foil is welded tightly to the inner face of the balloon membrane (1300). Thus, the support body of the reflective foil (of expanded material) is tightly closed in the compartment of the balloon. The reflective foil will be molded on the surface of the air pressure support that inflates the upper compartment of the balloon. The lower part of the membrane of the balloon, which surrounds the support body of the reflecting foil, is dimensioned so that, on the one hand, it is placed precisely on the surface of the body and, on the other hand, it leaves a free space around 1200, along the weld, space that forms when stretching the elastic material of the balloon. Thus, on the one hand, the reflective foil will be spread quickly (ZP voltages) and, on the other hand, there will be a lot on the surface of the support (pressure LP \.

In another embodiment, the edge of the foil may be glued to the support body. Thus, when stretching the balloon, it is not necessary for the volume 1200 to be sealed, but it is provided even with a RAST orifice that serves to fix the support body on the movable support 500. Only the upper part of the balloon is sealed. Also on the movable support is the passage tube 300 (sealed with gasket 1300), where 200 represents the steam pipe and 400 the water pipe. Tor in FIG. 5b and 5c: 2000 connection to the compressor or, as the case may be, ventilation to maintain constant pressure in chamber 3000 of the balloon; 800 - groove for threaded joint 300 (alternatively to the four-way cardan joint shown in fig. 5a). in FIG. 5a: RL - the passage pipe, sealed on the outside, at the passage through the balloon membrane, with rubber gaskets; 600 - support body made of lightweight, expanded material; SPFL - reflective foil; 2000, 3000 - as in fig. 5b.

in FIG. 8 shows an example of the well sealing by means of an adjustable device, at the level of the water mirror. The seal between the outer wall of the device and the inner wall of the well allows sliding so that the pump floats on the surface of the water.

In another embodiment, the sealing is made by means of hose rings, which form an A2 profiled casing (car tires can also be used). The hoses can be filled, for example, with part of the pumped water or even with steam (through the pressure pipes A8 and A9, branched from the distribution pipes A6 and A7). Also in FIG. 8: A 17 - the well wall; V1 - valve for regulating the pressure of steam underwater; V3 - ventilation valve; P1, P2 - pressure sensors; A1 - floating housing, which constitutes the actual body of the pump; A4a and A4b - pipes through which steam produced in GSP is sunk, sunk beneath the floating casing; A5 - the water transport pipe, submerged under the float, deeper than the steam inlets (depth difference H); A99 - pump hanger system; lateral compartment tank, connected to the well by a system of locks. This system is used in the alternative where the water level is kept constant and therefore no longer

RO 115465 Bl is necessary to adjust the pump at the water level. This variant is suitable for cascade pumping, from one tank to another.

in FIG. 9a and 9b are schematically presented the pump housing and the pressure and electrical connections that lead to the surface: 10a - steam pipe; 6b - water transport pipeline; 14b - preheating pipe (if applicable), B25 electric control cable, B77 - piece that fixes the bundle of pipes and cables, in fig. 9b as in FIG. 8: 66 - cap, with pump hanging system.

in FIG. 7 is presented a proposal for transmitting the control signals through a two-wire cable.

Fig. 10 shows a way of orienting the mirror according to four perpendicular directions. in FIG. 10:49 - sill; 48 - motor for turning the column 47 (four cross directions); 42 - motor for tilting the mirror (three directions in y, below angle β); 6b and 10b - Steam and fresh water hoses, respectively, connected to the corresponding pipes 6c and 10c; 40 - hose support system; 41 - housing (engine guard); 42, 43, 44 - gear coupling; 45 - fork-shaped support; 46 camp; 50 - concentrating mirror; 51 - ax.

in FIG. 11 shows a variant in which the solar pressure generator is provided with an additional vessel next to the spherical vessel, located in the outbreak of the mirror; ZBH the additional vessel; KG - GSP spherical vessel; the KG vessel connects in the upper part with the additional vessel ZBH through the OR pipe (on which the pump P is mounted) and, in the lower part, through the UNR pipe (with a pump P).

In this case, the steam pressure is sent to pipe 6b of the additional tank through valve 24. The additional tank and the pipes OR and UR are well thermally insulated. GSP supply with fresh water is done through pipeline 23.

Another embodiment of the extent of the reflective foil is that it is placed over one or more high-voltage electrodes, which have a potential corresponding to the foil and are fixed below it. By using several properly positioned electrodes, the curvature of the mirror can be adjusted.

The execution of the mirror - the balloon can be perfected, as follows: the top, transparent, of the balloon, is removable (caught with a zipper), in order to be changed more often, being particularly subject to wear. The snap fastener can be sealed with an adhesive tape. The reflective foil, which represents the mirror itself, is attached to a detachable ring and can be changed as many times as needed. The support body of the film, made from Styropor, according to the previous examples, can be made up of several elements that can be easily assembled. This variant has the advantage that the whole system becomes easily transportable (the balloon is deflated and the support is broken into pieces).

Other operating variants are exposed below: the steam pressure created in GSP sets in motion a turbine used to produce electricity; can be driven on the pistons of a seawater desalination machine. For this purpose, the pump can also be used on ships, when the balloon mirror is very advantageous, because, if necessary, it can be stored and kept in a small box, next to the solar pressure generator. In this case, the mirror holder may be enclosed in the balloon or may be fastened with a mesh (as described above of the balloon mirror with one or two interior compartments).

For a special protection in the weather (strong winds, storms), the mesh that covers and supports the balloon, can be provided with additional anchors, trapped in the ground.

In this case, adjusting the position of the mirror according to the direction of the sun's rays is independent of the anchorage of the net.

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The system according to the description may have other applications, such as heating of swimming pools, saunas, greenhouses, central heating installations, etc. In these cases, the mirror can be mounted immediately under the roof of the building. Even in these situations, where the main function of the system is that of heating, it can perform simultaneously the pumping function, for example when heating the swimming pools, when the pump takes colder water from the bottom of the pool and discharges the heated water, in one. or more steps, at the other end of the basin.

The entire system (pump and mirror) can be used for the rapid and efficient heating of outdoor pools, even in the case of low outdoor temperatures (for example in winter).

Claims (21)

claims 1. A solar pump that is powered by solar energy and pumps a liquid, characterized in that it has a pressure "shut-off" for the water to be pumped, with a pressure pipe and a pipe for draining the liquid when the required pressure is reached, a generator pressure (GSP) which consists of a vessel (K) which heats under the action of the sun's rays and which produces a pressure which rises on the pumping liquid, as well as a system of mirrors for the concentration of the sun's rays, which heat the generator pressure (GSP). Solar pump according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure required for pumping is steam pressure and is obtained in a pressure generator. Solar pump according to claim 2, characterized in that it uses as a pressure generator a pressure vessel (boiler) (K). 4. A solar pump according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure required for pumping is the pressure of the hot air obtained in the pressure generator. 5. Solar pump according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the steam, the hot air or the hot water are used in a preheating phase, and the actual pumping pressure is generated by the steam passing through the preheated area (the "steam path"). ). 6. Solar pump according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the pressure closure takes place in a tank immersed in the pumping liquid, which has, on the suction pipe, a valve for the inlet of the liquid and another valve on the pipe from the generator. pressure gauge (GSP), and in that the pressure valve and intake valve are alternately in the closed-open position. Solar pump, according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the closing of the pressure is made by sealing the well from which the water is pumped. 8. Solar pump according to the preceding claims, characterized in that a parabolic or spherical mirror (SP) is used as a reflection system, in which the focus is placed the pressure generator (GSP). Solar pump according to the preceding claims, characterized in that it is provided with a recirculation circuit through which a portion of the pumped liquid is brought back to the pressure generator and by that it is provided with liquid transport to the pressure generator (GSP). ), which makes its supply a self-sustaining process. RO 115465 Bl 535 10. Solar pump, according to the preceding claims, characterized in that a "balloon" is used as a concentrating mirror and in that the mirror can have other uses, by itself, the balloon having a transparent top and the inner face of the part. lower being of the reflecting mirror (mirror) and having a corresponding curve for the concentration of reflected sun rays. 11. Solar pump according to claim 10, characterized in that the inner face of the lower part of the "balloon" directly reflects the sun's rays (it is itself reflective). Solar pump according to claim 10, characterized in that the reflecting portion of the balloon is hermetically closed. Solar pump according to claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the reflecting face maintains its curved shape, being molded on a support of an appropriate shape. 14. A solar pump, according to claims 12 or 13, characterized in that a body (C) having the shape provided for the reflecting surface (mirror) is located between the inner face of the balloon shell and the back of the reflector foil. 15. Solar pump according to claim 14, characterized in that the foil constituting the reflecting surface is welded to the inside of the balloon shell and in that, at this position of the body (C), an additional volume is released inside the balloon, so that the reflecting face can be enlarged by inflating the balloon and thus plastic pressed on the body surface (C). 16. A solar pump according to one of claims 10 to 15, characterized in that the balloon has a cylindrical shape (hose, pipe) and the reflecting face has a semi-cylindrical shape (gutter), and the pressure generator is in the form of a concentric tube to the cylinder. 17. A solar pump according to one of claims 10 to 15, characterized in that the "balloon" has a spherical shape and the reflecting surface is parabolic or spherical in shape and the pressure generator is in the shape of a sphere placed in the mirror's focus. 18. A solar pump, according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pressure generator, located in the focus of the mirror, is used as a hot water generator. 19. A solar pump, according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is located under the roof of a house having a suitable illuminator (it allows the access of the sun's rays to the mirror). Solar pump according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mirror is provided with orientation motors (42, 48) which allow the position of the sun to be adjusted. 21. A solar pump, according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the pressure generator (GSP), located in the focus of the mirror, is connected to a buffer tank (C) located outside the mirror, in some place, and allows the creation of a volume. higher pumping pressure.