PT9440U

PT9440U - GONIOMETER

Info

Publication number: PT9440U
Application number: PT944098U
Authority: PT
Original assignee: Antonio Pereira Da Costa
Priority date: 1998-02-10
Filing date: 1998-02-10
Publication date: 2000-04-28
Also published as: PT9440T

Description

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DESCRIÇÃODESCRIPTION

GONIÓMETRO O presente modelo refere-se a um goniómetro, ou seja a um aparelho para medir ângulos no plano em relação ao plano horizontal e que tem como fulcro principal a bolha de ar, a qual fundamenta-se na diferente densidade do ar e do líquido. O nível de bolha é um aparelho em que a bolha de ar fundamenta-se na diferente densidade do ar e do líquido. A bolha de ar é usada nos aparelhos simples ou complexos para indicar a horizontalidade. Os mais simples são constituídos por um traço de toro transparente quase cheio por um líquido ( éter, álcool, etc. ) e o espaço que fica por encher forma a bolha de ar que vem na posição de equilíbrio, quando esta fica entre dois traços gravados no toro e uma régua que faz parte do conjunto do sistema indica a horizontalidade. Nos aparelhos complexos a bolha de ar, como auxiliar, é para indicar a horizontalidade dos aparelhos como o sextante, teodolito, nos tripés fotográficos, etc..GONIOMETER The present model refers to a goniometer, that is to say an apparatus for measuring angles in the plane with respect to the horizontal plane and whose main fulcrum is the air bubble, which is based on the different density of air and liquid . The bubble level is an apparatus in which the air bubble is based on the different density of air and liquid. The air bubble is used in simple or complex apparatus to indicate horizontality. The simplest ones consist of a trace of transparent torus almost filled by a liquid (ether, alcohol, etc.) and the space that remains to fill the air bubble that comes in the equilibrium position when it is between two engraved traces in the torus and a ruler that is part of the set of the system indicates the horizontality. In complex apparatuses the air bubble, as auxiliary, is to indicate the horizontality of the apparatuses as the sextant, theodolite, in the photographic tripods, etc.

Em resumo a bolha de ar por si só não marca ângulos, mas sim para indicar a horizontalidade, isto é, quando a bolha de ar está entre os dois traços gravados no toro hermeticamente fechado.In short, the air bubble alone does not mark angles, but rather to indicate the horizontality, that is, when the air bubble is between the two lines engraved on the hermetically sealed torus.

Este aparelho, que eu apresento, denominado Goniómetro, fundamenta-se na bolha de ar ( 7 ) e determina ângulos entre o plano vertical e o plano horizontal, tomando este como plano de referência.This apparatus, which I present, called Goniometer, is based on the air bubble (7) and determines angles between the vertical plane and the horizontal plane, taking this as reference plane.

Coloca-se a base do aparelho numa superfície plana e faz-se deslocar a bolha de ar (7) de modo a ficar rigorosamente entre os dois traços gravados. Para isso, alivia-se, rodando a porca provida de duas orelhas ( 10), procurando um atrito mais conveniente entre a peça fêmea provida de duas orelhas ( 4 ) separada da peça anterior por uma anilha de plástico ou de sola (9), podendo assim rodar a peça fêmea ( 4 ) e posicionar a bolha de ar ( 7 ) entre os dois traços gravados e o ponteiro marcar no mostrador (11 ) o ângulo correspondente à inclinação do plano.The base of the apparatus is placed on a flat surface and the air bubble (7) is moved so as to be strictly between the two engraved strokes. To do this, it is relieved by turning the nut provided with two lugs 10, seeking a more convenient friction between the female part provided with two lugs 4 separated from the previous part by a plastic or sole washer 9, so that the female part 4 can be rotated and the air bubble 7 is positioned between the two engraved strokes and the pointer marks the angle corresponding to the inclination of the plane in the display 11.

Toda esta combinação, para posicionar a bolha de ar ( 7 ) entre os dois traços gravados, reside em obter um atrito ideal entre a porca provida de duas orelhas ( 10 ) e a peça fêmea ( 4 ). Para isso, alivia-se a porca provida de duas orelhas(10) e roda-se a peça fêmea(4) até posicionar a bolha de ar(7) entre os dois traços gravados na ampola que está encastrada no toro, cuja a extremidade deste contém a porca cilindro-cónica com ponteiro ( 8 ) e este consequentemente marcará o valor do respectivo ângulo na escala graduada. O Goniómetro é constituído por uma caixa quadrada ou paralelipipédica metálica, de bases paralelas, a qual contém ao centro um veio ou peça macho (2 ) ligado ao disco (Γ) e este fixo à caixa por quatro parafusos ( 3). A extremidade do veio ou peça macho (2 ) é roscado. A peça fêmea com duas orelhas (4 ) gira em volta do veio ou peça macho (2) sem oscilações é de uma forma muito regular. Ligado a esta peça há um toro metálico ( 6 ), onde está encastrada uma ampola cilíndrica de vidro, contendo um líquido, por exemplo: Éter, álcool, etc. Esta ampola tem dois traços paralelos com a extensão da bolha de ar (7 ) que a ampola forma e no extremo do toro existe uma porca cilíndrica-cónica com ponteiro ( 8 ). No prolongamento deste toro existe outro completamente maciço que funciona como página 2 contra-peso (5). O veio ou peça macho (2) contém uma anilha de plástico ou de sola (9) que fica entre a peça fêmea (4 ) e uma porca com duas orelhas ( 10 ). Existe um mostrador com dois limbos graduados em graus, conforme figura 1, fixado por quatro parafusos (3) com uma abertura circular e concêntrica, em relação ao veio ou peça macho (2), de modo que a peça fêmea (4 ) conjuntamente com o toro ( 6 ) possa rodar com facilidade e o ponteiro poder marcar o ângulo correspondente na escala graduada, quando bolha de ar ( 7 ) se posicionar entre os dois traços paralelos e gravados a meio da referida ampola. Para isso, o toro que contém a ampola encastrada mantém-se sempre horizontal, em relação à superfície das águas em repouso, quando a bolha de ar (7) está rigorosamente entre os dois traços gravados na respectiva ampola.All of this combination, in order to position the air bubble (7) between the two engraved lines, resides in obtaining an ideal friction between the nut provided with two lugs (10) and the female part (4). To do this, the nut provided with two lugs (10) is relieved and the female part (4) is rotated until the air bubble (7) is positioned between the two strokes engraved in the ampoule that is embedded in the torus, the end of this contains the cylinder-conical nut with pointer (8) and this will consequently mark the value of the respective angle in the graduated scale. The Goniometer consists of a parallel square or parallelepipedic metal box, which contains at the center a male shaft (2) connected to the disc (Γ) and secured to the housing by four screws (3). The end of the shaft or male part (2) is threaded. The female part with two lugs (4) rotates around the shaft or male part (2) without oscillations is very evenly. Attached to this part is a metal torus (6), where a cylindrical glass ampoule containing a liquid, for example: ether, alcohol, etc., is embedded. This ampoule has two parallel strokes with the extension of the air bubble (7) that the ampoule forms and at the end of the torus there is a cylindrical-conical nut with a pointer (8). In the extension of this torus there is another completely solid one that functions as page 2 counterweight (5). The male shaft or part 2 contains a plastic or sole washer 9 that lies between the female part 4 and a nut with two lugs 10. There is a display with two limbs graduated in degrees, according to figure 1, secured by four screws (3) with a circular and concentric aperture, relative to the shaft or male part (2), so that the female part (4) together with the torus 6 can rotate easily and the pointer can mark the corresponding angle on the graduated scale when air bubble 7 is positioned between the two parallel and engraved strokes in the middle of said ampoule. For this purpose, the torus containing the recessed ampoule remains horizontal in relation to the surface of the resting water when the air bubble (7) is strictly between the two strokes recorded in the respective ampoule.

Como medir ângulos: coloca-se o Goniómetro numa superfície plana, tomando como referência o plano horizontal, roda-se a peça fêmea (4 ), que contém o toro com a ampola encastrada (6), de modo a posicionar a bolha de ar ( 7 ) entre os dois traços gravados na citada ampola, tendo em conta a porca com duas orelhas (10) já desapertada, e o ponteiro marcará o ângulo na escala graduada em graus.How to measure angles: place the Goniometer on a flat surface, taking the horizontal plane as reference, the female part (4), which contains the toro with the recessed bulb (6), is rotated so as to position the air bubble (7) between the two strokes engraved on said ampoule, taking into account the already-released two-lug nut (10), and the pointer will mark the angle in the graduated scale in degrees.

Mais à frente, a figura 4 mostra um exemplo muito elucidativo. A figura 1 representa o modelo visto de frente, isto é, do lado onde se encontra o veio ou peça macho, peça fêmea com duas orelhas, à qual está ligado o toro que contém a ampola encastrada com a respectiva rosca cilindro-cónica com ponteiro e a escala graduada. A figura 2 representa o modelo em corte, visto de lado. A figura 3 mostra separadamente os vários componentes que, conjuntamente com a caixa exterior, compõem o modelo. A figura 4 representa um exemplo.Further on, Figure 4 shows a very elucidative example. Figure 1 shows the model seen from the front, that is, on the side where the shaft or male part is, female part with two ears, to which is connected the torus containing the recessed ampoule with the respective cylindrical-conical thread with a pointer and the graduated scale. Figure 2 shows the cut-away model, seen from the side. Figure 3 shows separately the various components which, together with the outer carton, make up the model. 4 is an example.

Na figura 3 vêem-se os seguintes elementos: -- Disco ( base ) ( 1 ) — Veio ou peça macho(2) — Parafuso ( 3 ) — Peça fêmea provida de duas orelhas ( 4 ) -- Contra-peso ( 5 ) — Toro que contém a ampola encastrada ( 6 ) — Bolha de ar (7 ) -- Porca cilindro-cónica com ponteiro ( 8 ) — Anilha de plástico ou de sola (9) — Porca provida de duas orelhas (10 ) -- Mostrador graduado em graus (11)Figure 3 shows the following elements: - Disc (base) (1) - Shaft or male part (2) - Screw (3) - Female part provided with two ears (4) - Counterweight - Torque containing the recessed bulb (6) - Air bubble (7) - Cylindrical cone nut with pointer (8) - Plastic or sole washer (9) - Nut provided with two ears (10) - Display graduated in degrees (11)

Barcelos, 8 de Fevereiro de 1998Barcelos, February 8, 1998

Claims

The goniometer for measuring angles, taking the horizontal plane as reference, is characterized by the combination of a female part with two ears (4) and contains a metal torus with a glass recessed bulb (6) with two engraved strokes and is almost filled with a liquid, thereby being able to form an air bubble (7) and a male shaft (2) around which a female part (4) rotates without vibrations or oscillations and a pointer connected to a (8) will mark the angle on a graduated scale (11), formed by two graduated circular and concentric limbs. In this way the value of the angle will come when the air bubble (7) is accurately positioned between the two engraved strokes. To do this, the female part is provided with two lugs (4) until the air bubble (7) is between the two engraved strokes, thereby maintaining the recessed ampoule in the horizontal position. 2a - We verify that the first claim is based on the air bubble (7), but we can replace this system by a double system of communicating vessels in the form of H. This system has in the ends two vertical vessels and connected to each other in the middle by a tube. In the vertical vases each has two strokes engraved on the top and bottom and partially filled by a liquid. To measure an angle, one proceeds as in the first claim, the female part (4) is rotated and when the level of the liquid coincides with the two strokes engraved on the upper part of the two vessels, either to the left or to the right , as the female part provided with two lugs (4) is rotated, the pointer, which is connected to the system, will mark the angle in the graduated display in degrees (11) corresponding to the inclination of the plane. Which takes the same, in relation to the first claim, the horizontal position. 3a. With respect to the first claim, I can replace the air bubble (7) with a small box of glass or clear plastic with two longitudinally engraved dashes, one at the top and one at the bottom and parallel to each other. The box is partially filled with liquid. When it is in the horizontal position, the liquid contained closely matches the upper engraved trace. The housing is integrated into the system by replacing the recessed bulb and all the elements that make up the model remain unchanged. To determine the angle proceed as in the first and second claims. To do this, the female part provided with two lugs (4) is rotated, after the model is set in the plane, and the liquid level is matched with the upper engraved dash of the carton and the pointer indicates the value of the angle on the graduated dial (11), relative to the horizontal plane. In this position, the liquid level remains in the horizontal position regardless of the angle value. Barcelos, February 8, 1998 · β · * 7 " fc