PT2001915E - Process to kill a catalyzed olefin polymerization - Google Patents
Process to kill a catalyzed olefin polymerization Download PDFInfo
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- PT2001915E PT2001915E PT07727498T PT07727498T PT2001915E PT 2001915 E PT2001915 E PT 2001915E PT 07727498 T PT07727498 T PT 07727498T PT 07727498 T PT07727498 T PT 07727498T PT 2001915 E PT2001915 E PT 2001915E
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/38—Polymerisation using regulators, e.g. chain terminating agents, e.g. telomerisation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F10/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/01—Processes of polymerisation characterised by special features of the polymerisation apparatus used
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
- C08F4/64—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
- Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
Abstract
Description
-1--1-
DESCRIÇÃO "PROCESSO PARA PARAR UMA POLIMERIZAÇAO DE OLEFINAS CATALISADA" Área da invenção A presente invenção diz respeito, de uma forma geral, à área das reacções em fase liquida de polimerização de olefinas. Mais especificamente, a presente invenção diz respeito a um processo para deter a reacção, especialmente numa situação de emergência. Mais especificamente, a presente invenção diz respeito à polimerização de olefinas catalisada com catalisadores de Ziegler-Natta ou metaloceno.METHOD FOR STOPPING A POLYMERIZATION OF CATALYTIC OLEFINS " Field of the Invention The present invention relates generally to the field of liquid phase polymerization reactions of olefins. More specifically, the present invention relates to a process for stopping the reaction, especially in an emergency situation. More specifically, the present invention relates to catalyzing olefins catalyzed with Ziegler-Natta or metallocene catalysts.
Antecedentes da invenção e problema técnicoBackground of the invention and technical problem
Nos processos exotérmicos de polimerização de olefinas, existe a necessidade de se poder terminar rápida e eficazmente a reacção numa situação de emergência. A patente de invenção n.° EP 630910 descreve a utilização de Bases de Lewis (e cita água) para controlar a actividade -2- de uma reacção de polimerização de olefinas e, se necessário, para substancialmente terminar totalmente a reacção. Tal redução da actividade ou interrupção da reacção por uma ou mais bases de Lewis pode ser totalmente revertida através da simples introdução de um co-catalisador adicional. São descritas reacções de fase gasosa ou liquida. A patente de invenção norte-americana US 5432242 descreve um processo para a preparação de polímeros olefínicos através da polimerização de olefinas catalisada por metalocenos, na qual é introduzido pelo menos um inibidor catalisador não-volátil. Pode utilizar-se água como agente volátil, e os compostos que contêm um grupo terminal hidroxi, oxigénio, azoto ou enxofre podem constituir o agente não-volátil. 0 monómero purificado é novamente reciclado no reactor. A patente de invenção norte-americana n.° US 5336738 descreve um processo para a detenção de uma polimerização de olefinas realizada num reactor de fase gasosa de baixa pressão. Este processo inclui a introdução de uma quantidade eficaz de agente desactivante no reactor, caracterizado por a polimerização das olefinas ser realizada usando um catalisador de óxido de crómio e o -3- agente desactivante ser seleccionado entre oxigénio, amónia, água e monóxido de carbono e ser introduzido ao longo de um periodo de tempo relativamente curto. 0 agente desactivante é preferivelmente introduzido no reactor de polimerização numa quantidade tal que, no reactor, a razão de peso do agente desactivante e do catalisador é de pelo menos 0,001. Na 3.a coluna, linhas 8-25, da referida patente de invenção, explica-se: "Na prática, a quantidade de agente desactivante introduzida no reactor é de entre 1 a 10 vezes, e preferivelmente de entre 2 a 3 vezes, a quantidade mínima necessária para deter a polimerização de olefinas. Esta quantidade mínima pode ser obtida através de experiências prévias realizadas num reactor de fase gasosa a funcionar com quantidades conhecidas de catalisador e de agente desactivante. Por exemplo, concluiu-se ser possível deter uma polimerização de olefinas em fase gasosa através da introdução, no reactor de polimerização, por quilograma de catalisador, entre 2 a 80 g de oxigénio, ou pelo menos 2 g e preferivelmente entre 10 a 80 g de água, ou entre 3 a 130 g de monóxido de carbono. O agente desactivante é introduzido no reactor ao longo de um período de tempo tipicamente inferior a 5 minutos. O período de introdução do agente desactivante é vantajosamente o mais breve -4- possível, e é preferivelmente mais breve do que um minuto e preferivelmente mais curto do que 30 segundos."In the exothermic olefin polymerization processes, there is a need to be able to terminate the reaction quickly and efficiently in an emergency. EP 630910 discloses the use of Lewis Bases (and cites water) to control the activity of an olefin polymerization reaction and, if necessary, substantially complete the reaction. Such reduction of the activity or interruption of the reaction by one or more Lewis bases can be fully reversed by the simple introduction of an additional co-catalyst. Gaseous or liquid phase reactions are described. US 5432242 describes a process for the preparation of olefinic polymers by metallocene-catalyzed olefin polymerization in which at least one non-volatile catalyst inhibitor is introduced. Water may be used as a volatile agent, and compounds which contain a hydroxy, oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur end group may constitute the non-volatile agent. The purified monomer is recycled back into the reactor. U.S. Patent No. 5,336,738 describes a process for arresting olefin polymerization performed in a low pressure gas phase reactor. This process includes introducing an effective amount of deactivating agent into the reactor, characterized in that the polymerization of the olefins is carried out using a chromium oxide catalyst and the deactivating agent is selected from oxygen, ammonia, water and carbon monoxide and be introduced over a relatively short period of time. The deactivating agent is preferably introduced into the polymerization reactor in an amount such that in the reactor the weight ratio of the deactivating agent and the catalyst is at least 0.001. In the third column, lines 8-25 of said patent, it is explained: " In practice, the amount of deactivating agent introduced into the reactor is from 1 to 10 times, and preferably from 2 to 3 times , the minimum amount required to halt the polymerization of olefins. This minimum amount can be obtained by previous experiments carried out in a gas phase reactor operating with known amounts of catalyst and deactivating agent. For example, it has been found possible to halt a gas phase polymerization of olefins by introducing in the polymerization reactor, per kilogram of catalyst, from 2 to 80 g of oxygen, or at least 2 g and preferably from 10 to 80 g of water, or from 3 to 130 g of carbon monoxide. The deactivating agent is introduced into the reactor over a period of time typically less than 5 minutes. The introduction period of the deactivating agent is advantageously as short as possible, and is preferably shorter than one minute and preferably shorter than 30 seconds.
Um objectivo da invenção é parar a polimerização e assegurar que a polimerização não recomeça. No passado, as polimerizações que não eram eficazmente interrompidas recomeçavam durante o tempo de paragem das máquinas ("shut down") , levando ao bloqueio dos tubos e das bombas. Descobriu-se agora que uma polimerização de olefinas catalisada com catalisadores de Ziegler-Natta ou metaloceno pode ser eficazmente parada por um inibidor, desde que seja injectada uma quantidade predeterminada do referido inibidor durante pelo menos o dobro do tempo de ciclo do reactor.An object of the invention is to stop the polymerization and ensure that the polymerization does not resume. In the past, polymerizations that were not efficiently discontinued would restart during downtime (" shut down "), leading to blocking of tubes and pumps. It has now been found that a catalyzed olefin polymerization with Ziegler-Natta or metallocene catalysts can be effectively stopped by an inhibitor, provided that a predetermined amount of said inhibitor is injected for at least twice the reactor cycle time.
Breve descrição da invençãoBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
No que respeita a polimerização em fase liquida, esta tecnologia é já conhecida. Vantajosamente, o processo é realizado em reactores de circulação. Os "reactores de circulação" podem ser reactores de circulação múltipla. Mais frequentemente, são recomendados os reactores de circulação dupla. O meio liquido é vantajosamente uma mistura de um solvente, que pode ser isobutano, isohexano, -5- de um catalisador, monómero não reagido, comonómero e poliolefina. Os catalisadores de Ziegler-Natta e metaloceno já foram anteriormente descritos em diversos pedidos de patentes. A presente invenção é particularmente útil em reactores de circulação de polietileno. Estes reactores foram descritos nos seguintes pedidos de patentes de invenção: WO 2006-0033144, WO 2005-080449, WO 2005-08294n, WO 2005-0800441, WO 2005-080439 e WO 2004-026463. O tempo de ciclo do reactor é definido como sendo a razão entre o volume do reactor (V) e a velocidade do meio de reacção (v) multiplicada pela área da secção do reactor. O tempo de ciclo é expresso como V / (v x s). Geralmente, em instalações industriais, os reactores têm um tempo de ciclo de entre 5 a 80 segundos. Como exemplo, um reactor concebido para produzir polietileno (por exemplo, PEAD) numa lama essencialmente constituída por isobutano, apresenta um volume entre 10 e entre 100 m3; os tempos de ciclo são entre 8 a 50 segundos. Por exemplo, existem reactores de 20 m3 com um tempo de ciclo de 10 segundos, reactores de 70 m3 com um tempo de ciclo de 25 segundos, reactores de 80 m3 com um tempo de ciclo de 45 segundos. Os versados na arte poderão facilmente determinar a quantidade de inibidor necessário para parar a actividade do -6- catalisador. De acordo com uma variante preferida da invenção, o inibidor encontra-se na forma liquida. 0 termo "inibidor" refere-se a qualquer composto capaz de deter a reacção de polimerização. Podem mencionar-se as bases de Lewis como exemplo. São preferidas água e misturas que incluam pelo menos 30% e vantajosamente 40% por peso de água. Por exemplo, um reactor de 20 m3 necessita de cerca de 8 a 20 litros e um reactor de 60 m3 necessita de cerca de 15 a 30 litros. A presente invenção também diz respeito a um sistema para injectar o inibidor (água) no reactor, que inclui pelo menos um reservatório, a um meio para transferir (adiante designado de "linha de transferência") o inibidor (água) do reservatório para o reactor de polimerização, a um meio para manter o referido reservatório sob uma pressão mais elevada do que aquela do reactor de polimerização, de forma que a linha de transferência engloba com sucesso, do reservatório para o reactor, pelo menos um orifício restrito e uma válvula automática fechada nas operações normais. O inibidor (água) do reservatório é colocado sob pressão com a ajuda de garrafas de azoto. Quando é necessária a eliminação da reacção, a válvula automática é aberta durante o período de tempo solicitado (pelo menos o -7- dobro do tempo de ciclo do reactor). 0 orifício restrito foi concebido para obter um determinado caudal de inibidor (água) no reactor. Numa variante preferida da invenção, o reservatório contém exactamente a quantidade solicitada de inibidor (água) para parar a polimerização. Quando a eliminação da reacção é solicitada, a válvula automática é aberta.As far as liquid phase polymerization is concerned, this technology is already known. Advantageously, the process is carried out in circulation reactors. &Quot; circulation reactors " may be multiple circulation reactors. More often, dual circulation reactors are recommended. The liquid medium is advantageously a mixture of a solvent, which may be isobutane, isohexane, a catalyst, unreacted monomer, comonomer and polyolefin. Ziegler-Natta and metallocene catalysts have been previously described in various patent applications. The present invention is particularly useful in polyethylene circulation reactors. These reactors have been described in the following patent applications: WO 2006-0033144, WO 2005-080449, WO 2005-08294n, WO 2005-0800441, WO 2005-080439 and WO 2004-026463. The reactor cycle time is defined as the ratio of the reactor volume (V) to the speed of the reaction medium (v) multiplied by the cross-sectional area of the reactor. The cycle time is expressed as V / (v x s). Generally, in industrial plants, the reactors have a cycle time of between 5 to 80 seconds. As an example, a reactor designed to produce polyethylene (e.g., HDPE) in a slurry consisting essentially of isobutane has a volume of between 10 and 100 m3; cycle times are between 8 to 50 seconds. For example, there are 20 m3 reactors with a 10 second cycle time, 70 m3 reactors with a cycle time of 25 seconds, 80 m3 reactors with a cycle time of 45 seconds. Those skilled in the art can readily determine the amount of inhibitor required to stop the activity of the catalyst. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the inhibitor is in liquid form. The term " inhibitor " refers to any compound capable of stopping the polymerization reaction. Lewis bases may be mentioned as an example. Preferred are water and mixtures which comprise at least 30% and advantageously 40% by weight of water. For example, a 20 m 3 reactor requires about 8 to 20 liters and a 60 m 3 reactor needs about 15 to 30 liters. The present invention also relates to a system for injecting the inhibitor (water) into the reactor, which includes at least one reservoir, to a medium for transferring (hereinafter referred to as " transfer line ") the reservoir inhibitor the polymerization reactor, to a means for maintaining said reservoir under a higher pressure than that of the polymerization reactor, so that the transfer line succeeds successfully from the reservoir to the reactor, at least one restricted orifice and one valve closed in normal operations. The inhibitor (water) in the reservoir is placed under pressure with the aid of nitrogen bottles. When elimination of the reaction is required, the automatic valve is opened for the requested period of time (at least double the reactor cycle time). The restricted orifice is designed to obtain a certain rate of inhibitor (water) in the reactor. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the reservoir contains exactly the requested amount of inhibitor (water) to stop the polymerization. When the elimination of the reaction is requested, the automatic valve is opened.
Vantajosamente, o inibidor (água) é injectado durante entre 2 a 10 vezes o tempo de ciclo e preferivelmente entre 2 a 6 vezes o tempo de ciclo. A água pode ser misturada com qualquer componente para impedir o congelamento no Inverno nos países de clima mais frio. Vantajosamente, a água é misturada com isopropanol em proporções de 50/50 por peso.Advantageously, the inhibitor (water) is injected for between 2 to 10 times the cycle time and preferably between 2 to 6 times the cycle time. Water can be mixed with any component to prevent freezing in winter in colder countries. Advantageously, the water is mixed with isopropanol in proportions of 50/50 by weight.
No caso dos reactores múltiplos, o inibidor pode ser injectado em todos os circuitos ou apenas em alguns deles. Vantajosamente, a injecção é realizada em cada circuito, sendo cada um deles considerado um reactor individual. -8-In the case of multiple reactors, the inhibitor may be injected in all or only some of the circuits. Advantageously, the injection is performed in each circuit, each being considered an individual reactor. -8-
REFERÊNCIAS CITADAS NA DESCRIÇÃO A presente listagem de referências citadas pela requerente é apresentada meramente por razões de conveniência para o leitor. Não faz parte da patente de invenção europeia. Embora se tenha tomado todo o cuidado durante a compilação das referências, não é possível excluir a existência de erros ou omissões, pelos quais o EPO não assume nenhuma responsabilidade.REFERENCES REFERRED TO IN THE DESCRIPTION The present list of references cited by the applicant is presented merely for the convenience of the reader. It is not part of the European patent. Although care has been taken during compilation of references, it is not possible to exclude the existence of errors or omissions, for which the EPO assumes no responsibility.
Patentes de invenção citadas na descrição EP 630910 A [0003] US 5432242 A [0004] US 5336738 A [0005] WO 2006003144 A [0009] WO 2005080449 A [0009] WO 2005082944N A [0009] WO 2005080441 A [0009] WO 2005080439 A [0009] WO 2004026463 A [0009]Patents of invention cited in the specification EP 630910 A [0003] US 5432242 A [0009] US 5,336,738 A [0009] WO 2006003144 A [0009] WO 2005080449 A [0009] WO 2005082944N A [0009] WO 2005080441 A [0009] WO 2005080439 A [0009] WO 2004026463 A [0009]
Lisboa, 11/11/2010Lisbon, 11/11/2010
Claims (9)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP06112117A EP1840141A1 (en) | 2006-03-31 | 2006-03-31 | Process to kill a catalysed olefin polymerization |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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PT2001915E true PT2001915E (en) | 2010-11-18 |
Family
ID=36698859
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PT07727498T PT2001915E (en) | 2006-03-31 | 2007-03-29 | Process to kill a catalyzed olefin polymerization |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20110190459A1 (en) |
EP (2) | EP1840141A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2009531501A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20080112258A (en) |
CN (1) | CN101405307B (en) |
AT (1) | ATE482239T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE602007009371D1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK2001915T3 (en) |
EA (1) | EA013290B1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2350710T3 (en) |
PT (1) | PT2001915E (en) |
WO (1) | WO2007113206A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN106883325B (en) * | 2015-12-16 | 2019-05-07 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Ethylene propylene rubber polymerization catalyst deactivation method |
WO2018208377A1 (en) * | 2017-05-09 | 2018-11-15 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Linear alpha olefin process using catalyst deactivation with high product purity |
Family Cites Families (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1495963A1 (en) * | 1963-03-14 | 1970-04-02 | Rexall Drug Chemical | Polymerization process |
US3367909A (en) * | 1963-10-24 | 1968-02-06 | Gulf Research Development Co | Poly-alpha-olefin heat seal composition |
GB8502067D0 (en) * | 1985-01-28 | 1985-02-27 | Du Pont Canada | Reduction of isomerization in solution process |
US5336738A (en) | 1990-08-07 | 1994-08-09 | Bp Chemicals Limited | Kill-gas introduction to a fluidized bed reactor containing chromium oxide catalyst |
FR2665704B1 (en) * | 1990-08-07 | 1994-04-08 | Bp Chemicals Snc | PROCESS FOR STOPPING A (CO-) POLYMERIZATION REACTION CARRIED OUT WITH A CHROME OXIDE CATALYST. |
GB9103527D0 (en) | 1991-02-20 | 1991-04-10 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Hp catalyst killer |
AU6596694A (en) | 1993-06-28 | 1995-01-05 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Use of lewis bases for activity reduction in metallocene catalyzed olefin polymerization process |
US5442019A (en) * | 1994-03-25 | 1995-08-15 | Exxon Chemical Company | Process for transitioning between incompatible polymerization catalysts |
US6916892B2 (en) * | 2001-12-03 | 2005-07-12 | Fina Technology, Inc. | Method for transitioning between Ziegler-Natta and metallocene catalysts in a bulk loop reactor for the production of polypropylene |
US20060094835A1 (en) | 2002-09-23 | 2006-05-04 | Louis Fouarge | Slurry loop polyolefin reactor |
WO2004109417A2 (en) * | 2003-06-02 | 2004-12-16 | Fina Technology, Inc. | Mechanically operated kill agent injection safety system and method to stop a runaway chemical reaction |
KR101157695B1 (en) | 2004-02-13 | 2012-06-20 | 토탈 페트로케미칼스 리서치 펠루이 | Method for improving a polymerisation reaction by taking out and analysing a sample |
EA011510B1 (en) | 2004-02-13 | 2009-04-28 | Тотал Петрокемикалс Рисерч Фелюй | Method for producing polyethylene resin |
EP1564221A1 (en) | 2004-02-13 | 2005-08-17 | Total Petrochemicals Research Feluy | Surface finish of a reactor used for polymerisation of polyolefins |
DK1713841T3 (en) | 2004-02-13 | 2007-10-01 | Total Petrochemicals Res Feluy | Olefin polymerization process in the presence of an antifouling agent |
EP1611948A1 (en) | 2004-07-01 | 2006-01-04 | Total Petrochemicals Research Feluy | Polymerization reactors with a by-pass line |
-
2006
- 2006-03-31 EP EP06112117A patent/EP1840141A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2007
- 2007-03-29 JP JP2009502089A patent/JP2009531501A/en active Pending
- 2007-03-29 DE DE602007009371T patent/DE602007009371D1/en active Active
- 2007-03-29 US US12/295,252 patent/US20110190459A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-03-29 KR KR1020087024022A patent/KR20080112258A/en active Search and Examination
- 2007-03-29 EA EA200802103A patent/EA013290B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-03-29 AT AT07727498T patent/ATE482239T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-03-29 DK DK07727498.3T patent/DK2001915T3/en active
- 2007-03-29 PT PT07727498T patent/PT2001915E/en unknown
- 2007-03-29 ES ES07727498T patent/ES2350710T3/en active Active
- 2007-03-29 EP EP07727498A patent/EP2001915B1/en not_active Revoked
- 2007-03-29 WO PCT/EP2007/053026 patent/WO2007113206A1/en active Application Filing
- 2007-03-29 CN CN2007800095724A patent/CN101405307B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2001915B1 (en) | 2010-09-22 |
DE602007009371D1 (en) | 2010-11-04 |
US20110190459A1 (en) | 2011-08-04 |
KR20080112258A (en) | 2008-12-24 |
DK2001915T3 (en) | 2010-11-22 |
WO2007113206A1 (en) | 2007-10-11 |
JP2009531501A (en) | 2009-09-03 |
CN101405307A (en) | 2009-04-08 |
ATE482239T1 (en) | 2010-10-15 |
EA200802103A1 (en) | 2009-04-28 |
ES2350710T3 (en) | 2011-01-26 |
CN101405307B (en) | 2012-05-16 |
EA013290B1 (en) | 2010-04-30 |
EP1840141A1 (en) | 2007-10-03 |
EP2001915A1 (en) | 2008-12-17 |
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