PL92150B1 - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- PL92150B1 PL92150B1 PL1975177376A PL17737675A PL92150B1 PL 92150 B1 PL92150 B1 PL 92150B1 PL 1975177376 A PL1975177376 A PL 1975177376A PL 17737675 A PL17737675 A PL 17737675A PL 92150 B1 PL92150 B1 PL 92150B1
- Authority
- PL
- Poland
- Prior art keywords
- expansion
- fastening
- nut
- head
- plastic
- Prior art date
Links
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006713 insertion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B13/00—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B31/00—Screwed connections specially modified in view of tensile load; Break-bolts
- F16B31/02—Screwed connections specially modified in view of tensile load; Break-bolts for indicating the attainment of a particular tensile load or limiting tensile load
- F16B31/028—Screwed connections specially modified in view of tensile load; Break-bolts for indicating the attainment of a particular tensile load or limiting tensile load with a load-indicating washer or washer assembly
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B43/00—Washers or equivalent devices; Other devices for supporting bolt-heads or nuts
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/24—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/24—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for determining value of torque or twisting moment for tightening a nut or other member which is similarly stressed
- G01L5/243—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for determining value of torque or twisting moment for tightening a nut or other member which is similarly stressed using washers
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Bolts, Nuts, And Washers (AREA)
- Dowels (AREA)
- Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
- Connection Of Plates (AREA)
- Rehabilitation Tools (AREA)
- Supports For Plants (AREA)
Description
Przedmiotem wynalazku jest podkladka z two¬ rzywa sztucznego do elementów mocujacych, skrecanych z okreslonym napieciem.Przy laczeniu róznych elementów czesto jest stawiany wymóg aby mocowanie nastepowalo w wyniku dzialania okreslonego momentu obro¬ towego dla osiagniecia optymalnej sily mocowania.Ponadto niemal we wszystkich rodzajach polaczen, moment skrecajacy nie moze przekraczac okre¬ slonej wartosci ze wzgledu na niebezpieczenstwo uszkodzenia, czy nawet zniszczenia polaczenia.Powszechnie uzywanym narzedziem majacym zapewnic wymienione wyzej warunki jest klucz dynamometryczny, który jednak nie zawsze jest wygodny w uzyciu, a czesto bywa uciazliwy.Celem wynalazku jest umozliwienie okreslenia momentu obrotowego w sposób uproszczony.Cel ten zostal osiagniety przez zastosowanie tworzywa sztucznego, zmieniajacego barwe w za¬ leznosci od obciazenia . sciskajacego korzystnie polichlorku winylu z dodatkiem plastyfikatora w postaci estru, wzglednie poliestru kwasu ady- pinowego, badz estru kwasu o-ftalowego. Two¬ rzywo to przeznaczone jest na podkladke jako wskaznik momentu obrotu podczas mocowania elementów jednego na drugim za pomoca ele¬ mentu mocujacego wspartego lbem lub nakretka na elemencie przewidzianym do zamocowania, przy czym podkladka zalozona jest miedzy lbem lub nakretka a elementem budowy, przewidzia¬ nym do zamocowania.Zmiana barwy polega na zmianie struktury w zaleznosci od udzialu plastyfikatora w poli- chlorku winylu. Zmiana barwy dostrzegalna jest jako rozjasnienie pierwotnego koloru, przy czym stopien rozjasnienia jest miernikiem obciazenia sciskajacego.Te znane wlasnosci tworzywa sztucznego wyko- io rzystane beda, zgodnie z wynalazkiem, jako wskaznik momentu obrotu przy zamocowaniu miedzy soba elementów budowy za pomoca ele¬ mentu mocujacego, który podparty jest swoim lbem sruby lub nakretka na elemencie budowy, przewidzianym do zamocowania. Wskazywanie momentu obrotu nastepuje poprzez podkladke wytworzona z wymienionego tworzywa sztuczne¬ go, która zalozona jest miedzy lbem lub nakretka elementu mocujacego, a elementem budowy, przewidzianym do zamocowania.Dalszym usprawnieniem wynalazku, moze byc zastosowanie podkladki z tworzywa sztucznego celem zamocowania elementów budowy do sciany lub tym podobnych ustrojów z elementem mocu- jacym, który sklada sie z tulejki rozpreznej wprowadzonej w otwór sciany. Tulejka zamoco¬ wana jest przez wprowadzenie korpusu rozprez¬ nego za pomoca sruby rozpreznej jako przeciw- lozyska dla wprowadzenia korpusu rozpreznego z lbem lub dokrecana nakretka. Przy wkrecaniu 92 1503 92150 4 sruby mocujacej, korpus rozprezny elementu mo¬ cujacego wprowadzany jest do tulejki rozpreznej.Sila reakcji przy wprowadzaniu zalezna jest od uksztaltowania lba wzglednie nakretki, na po¬ wierzchni elementu przewidzianego do zamoco¬ wania. W zaleznosci od wielkosci sily wprowa¬ dzania i tym samym od cisnienia rozpreznego w otworze, poczawszy od lba wzglednie nakretki sruby rozpreznej, wzrasta laczna sila reakcji, która wywiera cisnienie na srube miedzy lbem wzglednie nakretka sruby rozpreznej i powierz¬ chnia elementu, przewidzianego do zamocowania.Wystepuje obciazenie sciskajace wywolujace zmia¬ ne struktury masy plastycznej zawartej w poli¬ chlorku winylu^- co uzewnetrznia sie tym, ze podklaelka* z tworzywa sztucznego zabarwiona na ciemny kolor rozjasnia sie, przy czym stopien rozjasnienia^ jest miernikiem obciazenia sciskaja¬ cego, wystepujacego w otworze poprzez rozpreze¬ nie elementu mocujacego. Udzial masy plastycz¬ nej w polichlorku winylu moze byc dostosowany do efektu rozjasniania w zaleznosci od wytrzy¬ malosci sciskajacej tworzywa sztucznego scienne¬ go tak, ze najwyzej wymagane obciazenie sciska¬ jace w otworze odpowiada najwyzszemu stopnio¬ wi rozjasnienia wzglednie pelni koloru bialego podkladki z tworzywa sztucznego.Dodatkowo element mocujacy wykazuje pod naprezeniem przez utrzymujaca podkladke rów¬ niez zabezpieczenie antywibracyjne, które w szcze¬ gólnosci korzystne jest dla takich zamocowan, które przenosza czeste wstrzasy i obciazenia zmienne.Przedmiot wynalazku jest uwidoczniony w przy¬ kladzie wykonania na rysunku, na którym poka¬ zano zlacze srubowe z podkladka wedlug wyna¬ lazku w przekroju bocznym.Element mocujacy 1 sklada sie z tulejki roz¬ preznej 2 i rozszerzajacego tulejke rozprezna 2* elementu rozpreznego 1, który na swoim zakon¬ czeniu przeciwleglym do wprowadzanego przedlu¬ zony jest przez odcinek gwintu 4, odpowiedni w srednicy zewnetrznej do najmniejszej srednicy stozka rozpreznego. Na tym odcinku gwintu 4 przysrubowana jest za pomoca gwintu wewnetrz¬ nego sruba rozprezna 5. Srednica zewnetrzna tej sruby odpowiada srednicy nierozprezonej tulejki io rozpreznej 2. Sruba rozprezna 5 ma srodek do osadzania narzedzia tokarskiego. Przyklad uspraw¬ nienia przedstawia nakretke kolpakowa 7 osadzo¬ na na srubie rozpreznej.Miedzy ta nakretka kolpakowa 7 i powierzchnia 16 zamocowanego elementu budowy 8 znajduje sie podkladka 9, wytworzona przede wszystkim z po¬ lichlorku winylu. Podczas wprowadzania elementu rozpreznego 3 do tulejki rozpreznej wystepuje na nakretce kolpakowej 7 odpowiednia sila reakcji, która prowadzi do obciazenia sciskajacego i tym powoduje zmiane koloru, której intensywnosc jest miernikiem obciazenia sciskajacego elementu roz¬ preznego w otworze 10 przez rozprezanie elemen¬ tu mocujacego 1. PL PL PL PL PLThe subject of the invention is a plastic washer for fastening elements twisted with a specific tension. When connecting different elements, it is often required that the fastening takes place by the action of a certain torque in order to achieve an optimal fastening force. Moreover, in almost all types of connections, The turning moment must not exceed a certain value due to the risk of damage or even destruction of the connection. A commonly used tool to ensure the above-mentioned conditions is a torque wrench, which, however, is not always convenient to use, and often can be burdensome. to determine the torque in a simplified manner. This goal was achieved by the use of a plastic that changes color depending on the load. preferably polyvinyl chloride with the addition of a plasticizer in the form of an ester or polyester of adipic acid or an ester of o-phthalic acid. This material is intended for the washer as an indicator of the torque of rotation when fastening the elements one on top of the other by means of a fastening element supported by a head or a nut on the element to be fixed, the washer being placed between the head or nut and the construction element provided for The change of color is the change of structure depending on the proportion of the plasticizer in the polyvinyl chloride. The color change is perceived as a lightening of the original color, the degree of lightening being a measure of the compressive load. These known properties of the plastic will be used, according to the invention, as an indicator of the torque of rotation when the elements of the structure are secured to each other by means of a fastening element, which is supported by its head on a bolt or nut on the component to be fixed. The indication of the moment of rotation takes place through a washer made of the said plastic, which is placed between the head or nut of the fastening element and the component to be fixed. A further improvement of the invention may be the use of a plastic washer to fasten the components to the wall or similar structures with a fastening element which consists of an expansion sleeve inserted into a wall opening. The sleeve is fixed by inserting the expansion body with an expansion bolt as a counter bearing for the insertion of the expansion body with a head or a screwed nut. When the fastening screw is screwed in 92 1503 92150 4, the expansion body of the fastening element is inserted into the expansion sleeve. The force of the insertion reaction depends on the shape of the head or nut on the surface of the element to be fastened. Depending on the size of the insertion force and hence the expansion pressure in the hole, starting from the head or nut of the expansion bolt, the total reaction force increases, which exerts the pressure on the bolt between the head or the expansion bolt nut and the surface of the element intended for fastening. There is a compressive load which causes changes in the structure of the plastic mass contained in the polyvinyl chloride - which is externally externally by the fact that the dark colored plastic underlayment becomes lighter, the degree of lightening being a measure of the compressive load that occurs. in the hole by stretching the fastening element. The fraction of plastic in the polyvinyl chloride can be adjusted to the lightening effect depending on the compressive strength of the wall plastic, so that the compressive load required in the opening corresponds to the highest degree of lightening or the full lightness of the white color of the backing. In addition, the fastening element is under tension by the retaining washer, also an anti-vibration protection, which is especially advantageous for such fasteners that transmit frequent shocks and variable loads. The subject of the invention is illustrated in the example of the embodiment in the drawing, in which a screw connection with a washer according to the invention is shown in a lateral section. The fastening element 1 consists of an expansion sleeve 2 and the expanding sleeve 2 * of the expansion element 1, which at its end opposite to the inserted part is extended by thread section 4, suitable for smallest outside diameter lower diameter of the expansion cone. An expansion bolt 5 is screwed into this section of thread 4 by means of an internal thread. The outer diameter of this bolt corresponds to the diameter of the unprepared sleeve and the expansion bolt 2. The expansion bolt 5 has a means for mounting a turning tool. An example of an improvement is shown by a collar nut 7 mounted on an expansion bolt. Between this collar nut 7 and the surface 16 of the fixed component 8 is a washer 9, mainly made of polyvinyl chloride. During the insertion of the expansion element 3 into the expansion sleeve, there is a corresponding reaction force on the collar nut 7, which leads to the compressive load and thus causes a color change, the intensity of which is a measure of the compressive load of the expansion element in the opening 10 by expanding the fastening element 1. EN PL PL PL PL
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2407844A DE2407844C2 (en) | 1974-02-19 | 1974-02-19 | Plastic washer for fastening elements |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
PL92150B1 true PL92150B1 (en) | 1977-03-31 |
Family
ID=5907797
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PL1975177376A PL92150B1 (en) | 1974-02-19 | 1975-01-16 |
Country Status (18)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (2) | JPS50113659A (en) |
AT (1) | AT337959B (en) |
BE (1) | BE818250A (en) |
BR (1) | BR7500956A (en) |
CH (1) | CH569964A5 (en) |
CS (1) | CS198152B2 (en) |
DD (1) | DD114682A5 (en) |
DE (1) | DE2407844C2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES207623Y (en) |
FR (1) | FR2261442B1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1442292A (en) |
HU (1) | HU171579B (en) |
IT (1) | IT1031492B (en) |
NL (1) | NL7410287A (en) |
PL (1) | PL92150B1 (en) |
SE (1) | SE405388B (en) |
SU (1) | SU522819A3 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA747489B (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2939096A1 (en) * | 1979-09-27 | 1981-04-16 | Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG, 5000 Köln | Measuring and monitoring screw connection clamping force - using deforming pressure measurement washer with peripheral ceramic ring |
DE3112638A1 (en) * | 1981-03-30 | 1982-10-14 | TOX-Dübel-Werk Richard W. Heckhausen KG, 7762 Bodman-Ludwigshafen | "HEAVY DUTY ANCHOR" |
DE3346918A1 (en) * | 1983-12-24 | 1985-07-04 | Monika 4409 Dülmen Sawatzki | Knock-in dowel |
DE3417173A1 (en) * | 1984-05-09 | 1985-11-14 | Hilti Ag, Schaan | PRESETABLE DOWEL |
FR2574135B1 (en) * | 1984-12-05 | 1988-01-22 | Olin Corp | EXPANSION ANKLE BY CONE |
DE3445713A1 (en) * | 1984-12-14 | 1986-06-19 | Hilti Ag, Schaan | SPREADING ANCHOR |
DE3813738A1 (en) * | 1988-04-23 | 1989-11-09 | Upat Max Langensiepen Kg | SPREADING ANCHOR |
DE4421959A1 (en) * | 1994-06-23 | 1996-01-04 | Fischer Artur Werke Gmbh | Preload control element for screw anchors |
DE102009043267A1 (en) | 2009-09-29 | 2011-04-21 | Neumayer Tekfor Holding Gmbh | Screwing unit for screwing wheel of vehicle i.e. lorry, has sensor component arranged relative to nut and arranged in front side of nut, where variable characteristics depends on pre-stress force that is produced by nut |
CN104089729B (en) * | 2014-07-23 | 2016-04-06 | 上海市建筑科学研究院 | A kind of bolt strained monitoring sensor of fiber Bragg grating type anatomical connectivity and method |
CN109612626A (en) * | 2019-01-03 | 2019-04-12 | 武汉科技大学 | A kind of Axial stress in bolt sensor |
EP3978768A1 (en) | 2020-09-30 | 2022-04-06 | Hilti Aktiengesellschaft | Expansion anchor with cap nut having yielding stopper |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3495907A (en) * | 1966-02-01 | 1970-02-17 | Donald E Rogers | Indicating means |
-
1974
- 1974-02-19 DE DE2407844A patent/DE2407844C2/en not_active Expired
- 1974-07-30 BE BE147081A patent/BE818250A/en unknown
- 1974-07-31 NL NL7410287A patent/NL7410287A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1974-08-06 HU HU74FI00000574A patent/HU171579B/en unknown
- 1974-08-12 SU SU2053502A patent/SU522819A3/en active
- 1974-08-15 CH CH1117674A patent/CH569964A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-08-23 FR FR7429013A patent/FR2261442B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1974-09-04 CS CS746090A patent/CS198152B2/en unknown
- 1974-10-02 DD DD181465A patent/DD114682A5/xx unknown
- 1974-10-25 JP JP49123291A patent/JPS50113659A/ja active Pending
- 1974-11-19 ES ES1974207623U patent/ES207623Y/en not_active Expired
- 1974-11-22 ZA ZA00747489A patent/ZA747489B/en unknown
- 1974-12-30 AT AT1037474A patent/AT337959B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1975
- 1975-01-16 PL PL1975177376A patent/PL92150B1/pl unknown
- 1975-02-06 IT IT19984/75A patent/IT1031492B/en active
- 1975-02-13 SE SE7501599A patent/SE405388B/en unknown
- 1975-02-17 GB GB653475A patent/GB1442292A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-02-17 BR BR956/75A patent/BR7500956A/en unknown
-
1977
- 1977-10-11 JP JP1977136220U patent/JPS5373356U/ja active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IT1031492B (en) | 1979-04-30 |
DE2407844C2 (en) | 1975-11-06 |
GB1442292A (en) | 1976-07-14 |
SE405388B (en) | 1978-12-04 |
SU522819A3 (en) | 1976-07-25 |
SE7501599L (en) | 1975-08-20 |
BE818250A (en) | 1974-11-18 |
ES207623Y (en) | 1976-07-16 |
ZA747489B (en) | 1975-12-31 |
DE2407844B1 (en) | 1975-03-13 |
NL7410287A (en) | 1975-08-21 |
BR7500956A (en) | 1976-11-23 |
AT337959B (en) | 1977-07-25 |
HU171579B (en) | 1978-02-28 |
JPS5373356U (en) | 1978-06-19 |
JPS50113659A (en) | 1975-09-05 |
DD114682A5 (en) | 1975-08-12 |
CS198152B2 (en) | 1980-05-30 |
ATA1037474A (en) | 1976-11-15 |
CH569964A5 (en) | 1975-11-28 |
ES207623U (en) | 1976-03-16 |
FR2261442B1 (en) | 1979-05-25 |
FR2261442A1 (en) | 1975-09-12 |
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