PL8534B1 - A method of refining carbon substances, tar, mineral oils and similar material. - Google Patents

Description

It is known that hydrocarbons, e.g. mineral oils, decompose when distilled at higher temperatures to form, on the one hand, lower-boiling bodies and gases, and, on the other hand, carbon and higher-boiling bodies than the starting material. This phenomenon is used in practice in the decomposition of crude oil to obtain gasoline. In the known processes, the yield of the products obtained is insignificant, as many less valuable and undesirable by-products are produced. The efficiency of low-boiling liquid hydrocarbons leaves much to be desired also when the processing is carried out with the help of hydrogen, even under pressure, can also occur during operation difficulties It has now turned out that particularly low-boiling hydrocarbons can be obtained with excellent efficiency, since coal mulch, tar, petroleum, their distillation and transformation products, the remainder, and so on, usually in a liquid state, are subjected to At any pressure in the presence of catalysts, the action of high temperatures, for example distillation, and the products obtained are passed in a gaseous state, preferably in a superheated state, through the catalysts. The above method allows heat treatment of the raw materials to be in a liquid state at a temperature lower than the temperature required by common cleavage and hydrogenation processes with or without pressure to obtain low-boiling products. Operating at a lower temperature has the particular advantage of significantly reducing carbon build-up and the production of gases such as methane. The first heat treatment or treatment of superheated vapors or both the treatments can be carried out in the presence of inert gases or reactant gases, or in the presence of a mixture of these, especially in the presence of hydrogen or gases which give off the latter. Apart from hydrogen, the gases which may be optionally added are, for example, water vapor, carbonic acid, carbon monoxide, nitrogen or gases, such as ammonia, which act catalytically. In this way, any pressure can be used; however, it is particularly advantageous in the above-mentioned method to pass hydrogen and in excess, using increased pressure. Metallic and non-metallic catalysts can be used in the form of surfaces (smooth, wire, filament, porous lumps or powder, by placing them on carriers or by using as examples of metals, let it be mentioned molybdenum, tungsten, aluminum, cobalt and alloys, especially heavy metal alloys, such as, for example, blast furnace steel, possibly previously thermally treated; as catalysts are also suitable: e.g. tungsten acid, molybdic acid, aluminum hydroxide, bauxite, as well as activated carbon, Erlen annealed coal, pine wood charcoal, also titanium acid, aluminum silicates, manganese hydroxide, uranium permutite, reduced copper mixture and iron oxide, diatomaceous earth, pumice etc. In the first stage, in which the starting material is mostly liquid, one can stack the catalysts by adding them to the starting product, preferably in powder form. In the second stage, i.e. in the treatment of the vaporized products obtained in the first stage, it is preferable to use porous contact bodies. In the present method, care should be taken that there are no bodies in the hot zone, leading to the deposition of carbon and the formation of methane. The material of the vessel should also be selected in such a way that it is resistant to sulfur and oxygen, e.g. the vessel can be made of aluminum, blast furnace steel, especially after the latter has been thermally processed, or the vessel should be lined with the said material. .Example. The heated brown coal tar is pressed continuously into a vertically arranged high-pressure furnace, the hot part of which is lined with clay and the lower part of which is kept at a temperature of 420 ° * by a liquid reaction mass, containing 1 - 5% of fine - powdered earth from Florida, is passed, while mixing the mass, excess hydrogen under a pressure of about 200 atm. The vapors that are released, which, in addition to a small amount of gasoline, usually contain medium oils, are passed directly at 480 ° C through a porous, tightly packed catalyst obtained by reducing a mixture of molybdic acid and zinc oxide. . After cooling the bodies leaving the furnace, the bio-fumes part of the reaction is easily obtained with a single treatment of the starting material without the formation of coke and significant amounts of methane, a product containing about 80% of gasoline. by means of a circulating pump, replacing the quantity consumed with fresh gas. Instead of carrying out the catalytic treatment of the vapors directly in one and the same furnace, the intermediate products can be condensed and treated separately in the same apparatus, In the same way as lignite tar, other tars, pitches, oil residues, coal mules and the like can also be treated to a similar result. PL

Claims (3)

Claims * 1. Method of carrying out carbonaceous substances in the form of coal mud or tar, mineral oils, their distillation products, transformation! and residues in valuable, especially low-boiling liquid hydrocarbons and their derivatives, characterized in that the liquid or predominantly liquid starting product is subjected to any heat treatment at high pressure in the presence of catalysts, and the produced products are passed through steam, most preferably overheated by catalysts. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that either in the heat treatment or in the treatment of vapors, or in both cases, the process is carried out in the presence of inert gases or reacting gases, especially in the presence of hydrogen or gases that give off the same last. 3. The method according to p. 1 and 2, characterized in that in the hot zone, the treatment is carried out in the absence of bodies leading to carbon deposition and methane formation. I. G. Farbenindustrie Akti engesell schaf and Zastepca: M, Skrzypkowski, patent attorney. Print by L. Boguslawski, Warsaw. PL