PL7964B1

PL7964B1 - Steam engine boiler.

Info

Publication number: PL7964B1
Application number: PL7964A
Authority: PL
Filing date: 1925-10-10
Publication date: 1927-11-30

Description

Przedmiotem niniejszego wynalazku jest typ kotla parowozowego, który wszystkie te braki usuwa bez zwiekszenia jego wagi.W tym celu dzieli sie kociol dotych¬ czasowy na 3 czesci. Pierwsza czesc fig. I tworzy skrzynia ogniowa 1 ze stojakiem 2, w której wbudowane'- sa 2 lub 4 rury wodne, po dwie obok siebie osadzone 3, pomiedzy sciana sitowa i drzwiczkowa, na których uklada sie sklepienie w ksztalcie podkowy (fig. II) 4 z cegielek fasonowych ogniotrwalych 5 z malem-i odstepami- po¬ miedzy soba. Sklepienie to -zakrywa boki pomiedzy scianami bocznemi skrzyni cgnrowej i skra^nemi rurami- wodnymi na calej dlugosci skrzyni ogniowej zas srodek pomiedzy rurami wodnsmi zalozo¬ ny jest tylko czesciowo"pod sciana- sitowa, Sklepienie tego rodzaju powoduje, ze gazy wytworzone'na ruszcie zmuszone sa przeplynac do przestrzeni o najwyzszejtemperaturze, t. j. do najwiekszego otworu w sklepieniu, tu mieszaja sie dokladnie i chlodzone ^yoda- fyrkulujaca w rurach wodnych^ spalaja sie* na bezwodnik weglo¬ wy i pare wodna.Sciana sitowa w palenisku utrzymuje wylacznie rury plomienne o malej sredni¬ cy. Te rury plomienne sa z miedzi i maja dlugosc najwyzej 1 m. Na dlugosc kociol przedzielony jest scianami sitowemi 6 i 7, które dziela go na trzy czesci, przyczem pierwsza wraz ze stojakiem 2 tworzy wlasciwy kociol do pary nasyconej.Druga czesc pomiedzy scianami 6 i 7 dlugosci okolo 1% m tworzy przestrzen 8 do wtórnego spalenia gazu i iskier.W przestrzeni tej w srodku umieszczony jest mostek ogniowy 9 z cegly ogniotrwa¬ lej, który jest góra otwarty, a na calej swojej powierzchni posiada podluzne w góre nachylone otwory 10. Otwory te slu¬ za do dokladniejszego wymieszania ga¬ zów odplywajacych ze skrzyni ogniowej i powstrzymania odplywu iskier.Sciany zewnetrzne tej przestrzeni 8 izolowane sa materacami azbestowemi (fig. V) 11, na których leza zwoje z rur zelaznych 12 (Kg. I, IV, VII i VIII). Przez te zwoje 12 przeplywa wilgotna, nasycona para wodna z glównego kotla 2 przez ru¬ re 13 i chroni je od spalania.Rury 14 lacza kociol 2 z trzecia cze¬ scia 16, pomiedzy sciana sitowa 7 i 15, która jest. wlasciwie podgrzewaczem wody i osadnikiem kamienia kotlowego o cisnie¬ niu odpowiadaj acem cisnieniu kotla glów¬ nego 2 i sluza do wyrównania poziomów wody w obu kotlach.Od rury 13 odgaleziaja sie zwoje 12, a drugim koncem lacza sie z rura 18, prze¬ biegajaca wzdluz kotla, sluzaca do odbio¬ ru pary isuchej. Na tej rurze umieszczony jest zawór 27 do odbioru pary suchej do celów pomocniczych i zawory bezpieczen¬ stwa. Drugi koniec tej rury laczy sie z przegrzewaczem pary 33 zapomoca fil¬ tru 46 dla pary, na którym osadza sie ka¬ mien kotlowy, wytworzony przez parowa¬ nie wody porwanej do zwojów 12 i regu¬ latora.Górna czesc komory 8 posiada cze¬ sciowo rozbieralne oslony, przez które wyjmowac mozna zwoje 12 w razie ko^ niecznosci ich wymiany. Trzecia czesc kotla pomiedzy scianami 7 i 15 tworzy podgrzewacz wody i osadnik kamienia ko¬ tlowego 16. W tej czesci osadzone sa sze¬ rokie rury zarowe, sluzace do ujecia prze- grzewacza. Przestrzen 16 dzieli sie blacha 19 na dwie czesci. Do przedniej czesci wprowadza sie wode swieza przez otwór 20. Woda swieza, wplywajac do kotla opada ku dolowi, podgrzewa sie na ru¬ rach zarowych i wydziela powietrze i bez¬ wodnik weglowy, wywiazany przy rozkla¬ dzie dwuweglanów wapna. Gazy te ucho¬ dza do góry i odplywaja przez rurke 34 x do rury odplywowej do pary 18. Weglan I wapnta. zawieszony w wodzie osadza sie 1 jako mul na dnie kotla i odprowadza sie t przez rure 21, szlamik 22 do filtru 23 za¬ pomoca pompy odsrodkowej 24. Mul ten ¦ osadza sie w szlamiku i na filtrze, zas oczyszczona goraca woda wprowadza sie zapomoca tejze pompy odsrodkowej 24 do kotla glównego 2, czesciowo pomiedzy * ] rury plomienne w przestrzen 25, cze- | sciowo zas do rur wodnych 3, gdzie j przegrzana i czesciowo zamieniona w i pare wyplywa wraz z wydzielonym ; kamieniem kotlowym na powierzchnie 1 wody i tu przelewajac sie ponad po- I chylo ulozona poprzeczna blacha 35, i wraca wraz z kamieniem kotlowym ply- ! wajacym na powierzchni wody przez ru- : ry 14 do przestrzeni 16, a napotykajac na ! blaszana oslone 32, która oslania rury za- i rowe zgóry, splywa ku dolowi i ssana zpo- j wrotem do kotla glównego 2, -osadza ka- J mien kotlowy, wytworzony w kotle glów- \ nym 2 na filtrze 23. — 2 —Pompa odsrodkowa poruszana jest w czasie ruchu parowozu zapomoca prze¬ kladni kól zebatych, zas w czasie spo¬ czynku parowozu, jak dlugo cisnienie ko¬ tla wynosi wiecej niz 6 atm zapomoca 1 wylaczanej automatycznie turbiny paro- I wej. Przez otwarcie zaworu 26 na szlami- ku 22 mozna oczysci^ szlamik i filtr z blo¬ ta. Proces ten umozliwia trzymanie kotla parowego bez plókania w stanie wolnym \ od kamienia kotlowego.Przegrzewacz glówny 33 sklada sie ze zwojów spiralnych 29 (fig. VI), wsunietych do poszczególnych rur zarowych i prze¬ chodzacych przez cala dlugosc dymnicy, Spirale te wisza na calej swej dlugosci na rurze 31, odprowadzajacej przegrzana pa¬ re, która podparta w kilku punktach przez wkladki 30 powoduje ulozenie ich ekscen¬ tryczne, wzgledem rury zarowej, tworzac przez to przestrzen wolna do przeplywu gazów wieksza u dolu jak u góry, do któ¬ rej opada popiól porywany stamtad przez ciag w kominie. Celem usuniecia szkodli¬ wego skretu spirali pod wplywem tempe¬ ratury, sklada sie kazdy element prze¬ grzewacza z kilku czlonów, które cze¬ sciowo maja prawy, zas czesciowo lewy skret i w ten sposób kompensuje sie szko¬ dliwe skrety, W kotle tego typu nagromadzone nie¬ dopalki weglowe w przestrzeni 8 spala sie zapomoca powietrza doplywajacego ze skrzyni ogniowej przez rure 38, chlodzo¬ na woda doprowadzana do kotla 2 zapo¬ moca pompy 24. Reszta niedopalków po¬ zostala w tej przestrzeni usuwa sie zpo- wrotem do paleniska 1, zapomoca po¬ wietrznego smoczka. Wyzej wymienione urzadzenie kotla daje sie zastosowac ko¬ rzystnie do przebudowy obecnych kotlów parowych do pary nasyconej i prze¬ grzanej w sposób podany na fig. IX, X i XI, a mianowicie przez umieszczenie w kotle podluznym 2 przegród sitowych z blachy luzno na rurach ulozonych 36 i 37, jako tez blachy skosnej 35 i torby blasza¬ nej 32, kierujacej przelewajaca sie wode wraz z kamieniem kotlowym do rury od¬ plywowej 21 z szlamikiem 22, filtrem 23 i pompa 24, która wywolujac staly kolowy ruch wody goracej z przedniej ku tylnej czesci kotla, filtruje wode i oczyszcza ko¬ ciol z kamienia kotlowego, tloczac wode czysta do rur wodnych i pomiedzy rury plomienne. Para nasycona wilgotna ucho¬ dzi z kotla zapomoca rury 41 do podgrze¬ wacza pary umieszczonego w dymnicy, skladajacego sie z dwu koncentrycznych pierscieni rur 42 i 44, na które osadzone sa spirale 43 w ten sposób, ze powoduja najkorzystniejszy przeplyw gazów spalino¬ wych przez nie. Para wilgotna wplywajac do rury pierscieniowej 42 osadza wode w tej mirze, zas sama o znacznie mniejszej wilgotnosci przeplywa przez spirale 43 i podgrzewana przez gazy spalinowe osusza sie zupelnie i uchodzi do rury pierscienio¬ wej 44, skad uchodzi przez rure 45 i filtr do pairy 46 do przegrzewacza glównego.Iskry z paleniska wpadaja pod dolne spirale 43, gdzie moga byc spalane lub tez zapomoca ejektora powietrznego 47 zpo- wrotem do paleniska wtloczone przez ru¬ re plomienna i spalone.Kociol tego typu ma te zalete, ze prz\ malej wadze daje maksymalne wyzyiska- nie ciepla z wegla przez dokladne wymie¬ szanie materjalu palnego z powietrzem, do¬ bra cyrkulacje wody w kotle, osuszenie pary zuzytej w celach ubocznych, uzycie pary wodnej suchej do przegrzewacza, wskutek czego mozna otrzymac dowolnie wysoka temperature przegrzania. PL PLThe subject of the present invention is a type of steam boiler which remedies all these deficiencies without increasing its weight. For this purpose, the existing boiler is divided into 3 parts. The first part of Fig. I consists of a firebox 1 with a stand 2, in which 2 or 4 water pipes are embedded, two adjacent to each other 3, between the tube sheet and the door, on which a horseshoe-shaped vault is placed (Fig. II ) 4 made of shaped fire-resistant bricks 5 with a small - and spacing - between each other. This vault -covers the sides between the side walls of the hopper box and the bent water pipes along the entire length of the firebox, while the center between the water pipes is only partially placed under the tube-screen. The vault of this type causes that the gases produced on the grate are they are forced to swim into the space of the highest temperature, i.e. to the largest opening in the roof, here they mix thoroughly and cooled, the water-circulating in the water pipes, burns into carbon anhydride and water vapor. The sieve wall in the furnace keeps the flame pipes only These flame tubes are made of copper and have a length of at most 1 m. The length of the church is divided by tubular walls 6 and 7, which divide it into three parts, with the first and the rack 2 forming a proper saturated steam boiler. the part between the walls 6 and 7 with a length of about 1% m creates a space 8 for the secondary combustion of gas and sparks. In this space, a fire bridge 9 is placed in the center firebrick, which is open at the top and has sloping holes 10 across its entire surface. These openings are used to more thoroughly mix the gases flowing from the firebox and stop the flow of sparks. The outer walls of this space 8 are insulated are asbestos mattresses (fig. V) 11, on which are coils of iron pipes 12 (Kg. I, IV, VII and VIII). Through these coils 12, moist, saturated steam flows from the main boiler 2 through the pipes 13 and protects them from combustion. The pipes 14 connect the boiler 2 with the third part 16, between the tube sheet 7 and 15, which is. actually a water heater and a limescale trap with a pressure corresponding to the pressure of the main boiler 2 and are used to equalize the water levels in both boilers. From pipe 13, turns 12 branch off, and at the other end it connects to pipe 18 running along a boiler for the collection of dry steam. A valve 27 for receiving dry steam for auxiliary purposes and safety valves are arranged on this pipe. The other end of this tube is connected to the steam superheater 33 by means of a steam filter 46 on which the boiler limestone, produced by the evaporation of water entrained in the coils 12 and the regulator, is deposited. The upper part of the chamber 8 partially has a removable covers, through which the turns 12 can be removed in case they need to be replaced. The third part of the boiler, between the walls 7 and 15, forms a water heater and a limescale trap 16. In this part, there are embedded broad pipes for the intake of the heater. The space 16 is divided by the sheet 19 into two parts. Fresh water is introduced into the front part through the opening 20. Fresh water, flowing into the boiler, falls downwards, heats up on the glow pipes and gives off air and carbonic anhydride, released during the decomposition of calcium bicarbonates. These gases discharge upward and flow through a tube 34 x into a discharge pipe to steam 18. Carbonate and lime. suspended in water, it settles 1 as slurry at the bottom of the boiler and is discharged through pipe 21, slurry 22 to filter 23 by centrifugal pump 24. This sludge ¦ is deposited in the slurry and on the filter, and the purified hot water is introduced by this centrifugal pump 24 to the main boiler 2, partly between *] flame tubes in space 25, June | partially to the water pipes 3, where it is superheated and partially converted into vapor and flows out with the separated; the limescale on the water surface 1, and here it overflows above the slope of the transverse plate 35, and returns with the limescale ply-! on the surface of the water through pipes 14 into space 16, and encountering! sheet metal cover 32, which covers the top and neck pipes, flows downwards and is sucked back to the main boiler 2, - deposits the boiler chamber, produced in the main boiler 2 on the filter 23. - 2 - The centrifugal pump is moved during the movement of the steam engine by the gears of the gear wheels, and during the rest of the engine, as long as the pressure of the boiler is more than 6 atm by means of an automatically shut off steam turbine. By opening the valve 26 on the slurry 22, the mud and the mud filter can be cleaned. This process makes it possible to keep the steam boiler without swirling, limescale-free. The main superheater 33 consists of spiral coils 29 (Fig. VI), inserted into the individual pipes and extending the entire length of the smoke box. These spirals hang the entire length of the smoke box. its length on the tube 31, carrying off the superheated steam, which, supported at several points by the inserts 30, causes their eccentric arrangement with respect to the incandescent tube, thus creating a free space for gas flow at the bottom, to which Ashes fall, carried away from there by the chimney string. In order to eliminate the harmful twist of the spiral under the influence of temperature, each element of the heater is made up of several elements, which partly have a right and partly left twist, thus compensating for harmful twists. non-coal afterburners in space 8 are burned by air flowing from the firebox through pipe 38, chilled water supplied to boiler 2 by pump 24. The rest of the ashes remaining in this space are removed back to furnace 1, with an air nipple. The above-mentioned boiler device can advantageously be used to convert the present steam boilers to saturated and superheated steam in the manner described in Figs. IX, X and XI, namely by arranging in the longitudinal boiler 2 sheet steel screens loosely placed on pipes arranged 36 and 37, as well as the slanting plate 35 and the sheet metal bag 32, directing the overflowing water together with the limescale into the drain pipe 21 with a slurry 22, a filter 23 and a pump 24, which causes a constant circular movement of the hot water from the front towards the the back of the boiler, filters the water and cleans the church of limescale, forcing the clean water into the water pipes and between the fire pipes. Saturated and moist steam is released from the boiler by means of a pipe 41 to a steam heater located in the smoke box, consisting of two concentric rings of pipes 42 and 44, on which the spirals 43 are mounted in such a way that they provide the most favorable flow of exhaust gases through no. Moist steam flowing into the annular tube 42 settles the water in this measure, and the much lower humidity itself flows through the coils 43 and heated by the exhaust gases is completely drained and flows into the annular tube 44, from where it exits through the tube 45 and the filter to the pairy 46. Sparks from the furnace fall under the lower spirals 43, where they can be burned or, by means of an air ejector 47, forced back into the furnace by a flame tube and burned. This type of boiler has the advantage that it gives little weight. maximum utilization of heat from the coal by thorough mixing of the combustible material with air, good circulation of water in the boiler, drying of the steam used for secondary purposes, use of dry steam for the superheater, as a result of which any superheat temperature can be obtained. PL PL

Claims

1. Patent claims. 1. A steam boiler, characterized by the fact that it is divided into three compartments (parts) by means of two tube sheets, the first of which, together with the table, forms the correct boiler for a pair of na- with a long *) and small diameter flame, the second one, about 1 m long, forms a secondary combustion chamber for carbon monoxide and sparks, and the third front compartment forms a water heater and a limescale trap, due to this compartment. there are wide tubes for the steam superheater.

2. The boiler according to claim According to claim 1, characterized by the fact that in the firebox, on 2 or 4 water pipes, two side by side, a vault made of fireproof shaped bricks placed at small intervals, arranged in the shape of a horseshoe 4, arranged in this way, with The space between the side walls of the firebox and the periphery of the water pipes is laid over its full length, while the central space between the pipes is only a short distance from the tube sheet.

3. Boiler according to claim 1 and 2, characterized by the fact that the central part of it is converted into a chamber for the re-combustion of gases flowing from the short boiler into the saturated vapor, so that the gases contain some excess carbon monoxide, and some excess air they are mixed thoroughly through a fire bridge, having narrow, oblong and upward sloping openings over their entire surface, and they burn with the slightest excess of air, thereby increasing their temperature and supplying the superheater with the appropriate amount of heat, needed to obtain high superheat, due to the sparks falling in the first part of the chamber, they burn, releasing the combustion heat to dry the moist steam flowing through the coils placed on the side walls of the combustion chamber, # 4. / Kociol according to Zalslrz . 1 and 3, characterized by the fact that the third compartment forms a defect heater with the same pressure as the head boiler, which is also a limescale chamber and includes wide platelets to capture the superheater elements through which the whole mass flows. exhaust gases. 5. Boiler according to claims 1-4, where the steam is in motion, an artificial hot water recirculation current is generated from the bottom of the water heater through the slurry and filter into the main boiler, and then overflows overhead back into the water heater. of the water heater, whereby the entire stock of limescale deposited in the heater and released in the main boiler is deposited in the sludge and on the filter, from which it is removed by blowing. 6. Boiler according to claims 1-5, the significant point is that part of the hot water runs into the water pipes, and part between the fire tubes in the main boiler. 7. The boiler according to claims 3, characterized in that by placing coils of iron pipes folded on the side walls of the secondary combustion chamber, through which the saturated steam flows, the chamber is protected from overheating and the moist steam is completely drained by the rack, the coils of the pipes can be replaced through the openings on the top parts of the combustion chamber. 8. Boiler according to claims 7, characterized in that the drainage pipe for dry steam is provided with a steam outlet for auxiliary purposes and safety valves, so that even with a high water level in the boiler at the steam outflow, no entrainment of water from the boiler and the related heat loss, as well as avoiding harmful water hammering into the machine cylinders. 9. The boiler according to the provisions. The method of claim 7, characterized in that the completely dried saturated steam is passed through a filter to remove limescale deposited in the dryer or the steam superheater. 10. Boiler according to claims 8, characterized in that the dry steam is fed to the main superheater, partially overheated, so that the main superheater can quite reliably overheat the steam to the desired temperature using the same amount of heat. 11. Boiler according to claims 1, 2, 4 and 7, characterized by the fact that the superheater elements consist of spiral members, supplying steam through the majority of the length of the heating surface of the superheater in the opposite direction, and only in the short return part in the direction of the gas movement. . 12. Church as shown. 11, characterized by the fact that the superheater elements consist of right-hand and left-handed twist parts, whereby the transverse movements of the spiral with expansion are even. 13. Boiler according to claims 11 and 12, the significant point is that the superheater elements are eccentrically embedded in the glow tube, as a result of which there is more space at the bottom for the flow of flue gases than at the top, which causes the ash to settle in the space from which it is removed is by means of a chimney string without preventing the flow of gases through the above elements. 14. The boiler according to claims 1-13, the significant point that the individual parts of this boiler arrangement, adapted to the present boilers, enable their reconstruction without significantly increasing the weight and increasing their efficiency in such a way that boiler and boiler feed, hot water is made by inserting the partition walls into the longitudinal boiler without sealing them on the flame pipes, and the steam dryer is placed in the front part of the smoke box, using the supply of moist steam from the main boiler to the standing annular pipe in which it settles at the bottom, for the most part, the water entrained, which gradually evaporates in it, and the less humid steam flows through the springs attached to this pipe, along its entire circumference, then the drained water flows to the second ring pipe through the steam filter to the regulator, and then to the regulator. proper superheater. 15. Boiler according to claim 1-14, the significant point that the sparks accumulated in the place where they are deposited, i.e. in the front part of the re-combustion chamber, or under the spirals in the smoke box, are burned again by supplying air to this layer, or are forced in by means of the air ejector was returned to the main burner through the fire tubes. Juljan Madeyski. Warszawska Spółka Akcyjna Budowy Parowozów. To the patent description No. 7964. Print by L. Boguslawski, Warsaw. PL PL