PL7859B1 - A method of refining plant fibrous materials. - Google Patents
A method of refining plant fibrous materials. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- PL7859B1 PL7859B1 PL7859A PL785926A PL7859B1 PL 7859 B1 PL7859 B1 PL 7859B1 PL 7859 A PL7859 A PL 7859A PL 785926 A PL785926 A PL 785926A PL 7859 B1 PL7859 B1 PL 7859B1
- Authority
- PL
- Poland
- Prior art keywords
- fiber
- treatment
- fibrous materials
- acid
- refining plant
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 title claims description 5
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 title claims 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical class S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZGSDJMADBJCNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [S-][NH3+] Chemical class [S-][NH3+] ZGSDJMADBJCNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000984 vat dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- TXUICONDJPYNPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1,10,13-trimethyl-3-oxo-4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl) heptanoate Chemical compound C1CC2CC(=O)C=C(C)C2(C)C2C1C1CCC(OC(=O)CCCCCC)C1(C)CC2 TXUICONDJPYNPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910021626 Tin(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N [(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-trinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dinitrooxy-6-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-4-yl] nitrate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O1)O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+](=O)[O-])[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011150 stannous chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001119 stannous chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Description
Bawelna przy traktowaniu skoncen¬ trowanym kwasem azotowym kurczy sie i dzieki temu otrzymuje do pewnego stop¬ nia charakter welnisty. Podlug sposobu wedlug patentu niemieckiego 292 213 o- trzymuje sie wyrazny charakter welnisty, jezeli bawelne przed traktowaniem jej kwasem azotowym merceryzuje sie.Przy tym sposobie postepowania oka¬ zalo sie, ze efekty, w ten sposób osiagnie¬ te, posiadaja pewne niepozadane wlasno¬ sci. Roslinne materjaly wlókniste, w ten sposób zmienione, wykazuja nadzwyczaj¬ nie wielka zdolnosc wchlaniania barwni¬ ków tak, ze otrzymywanie równomiernych zabarwien nastrecza duze trudnosci. Poza tern produkty te sa bardzo wrazliwe na alkalja, a plókanie soda zawsze polaczo¬ ne jest z uszkodzeniem wlókna. Barwie¬ nie barwnikami kadziowemi w kapieli al¬ kalicznej wywoluje równiez oslabienie materjalu.Przedmiot niniejszego wynalazku usu¬ wa te wady. Próby wykazaly, ze drobne ilosci azotu przy traktowaniu kwasem a- zotowym sa zawsze pochloniete przez wlókno,. Po odnitrowaniu wlókna zdolnosc przyjmowania barwników powraca do nor¬ malnego stanu i równiocizesnie znika wraz¬ liwosc na alkalja. Poza tern mastepuije zmiana struktury wlókna, która uwydat¬ nia sie W znacznem podniesieniu efektu welnistego oraz latwosci równomiernego barwienia barwnikami kadziowemi. Wlók¬ no staje sie obojetne na dzialanie alkalicz¬ nych kapieli, dzieki czemu mozna zapo- moca dodatkowego bielenia usunac odcien zóltawy, spowodowany przez traktowanie* kwasem, i otrzymac pelna biel. Trwalosc na alkalja pociaga za soba trwalosc na pranie, a przez to samo trwalosc mate- rjalów wlóknistych w ten sposób uszla¬ chetnionych, znacznie sie polepsza.Odnitrowanie przeprowadza sie w po¬ dobny sposób, jak przy wytwarzaniu sztucznego jedwabiu z azotanu celulozo¬ wego. Do tego celu uzywa sie przewaznie siarczków i kwasnych wodorosiarczków alkalij, ziem alkalicznych i amonu, przy- czem srodki te moga byc stosowane osob¬ no lub zmieszane ze soba. Równiez sole niskich stopni utlenienia wielowartoscio- wych metali moga byc do tego celu stoso¬ wane z wiekszym lub mniejszym skut¬ kiem w rozczynie slabo kwasnym lub amo¬ niakalnym, np. chlorek miedziany, chlo¬ rek zelazawy, chlorek cynawy i inne.Udoskonalenie dotychczas znanych sposobów uszlachetniajacych dotyczy nie- tylko roslinnych tkanin, zawierajacych ce¬ luloze, ale i luznych wlókien ^oraz przedzy. PL PLCotton shrinks on treatment with concentrated nitric acid and thus acquires a wool character to some extent. According to the method according to the German patent 292 213, the distinct character of wool is maintained if the cotton is mercerized prior to treatment with nitric acid. In this procedure it was assumed that the effects thus achieved had some undesirable properties. . The vegetable fibrous materials, thus altered, have an extraordinary absorption capacity for dyes, so that it is difficult to obtain uniform colors. Apart from this, these products are very sensitive to alkaline, and soda fluffiness is always associated with damage to the fiber. Dyeing with vat dyes in an alkali bath also causes a weakening of the material. The present invention overcomes these drawbacks. Trials have shown that minute amounts of nitrogen are always absorbed by the fiber when treated with nitric acid. Upon denitration of the fiber, the ability to absorb dyes returns to its normal state, and the alkaline sensitivity is steadily vanished. In addition to this, there is a change in the structure of the fiber, which is enhanced by a significant increase in the woolen effect and the ease of even dyeing with vat dyes. The fiber is rendered inert to alkaline baths, so that by using additional bleaching, the yellowish tinge caused by the acid treatment can be removed and a complete whiteness is obtained. The alkaline durability implies the washing durability and hence the durability of the fibrous materials thus refined is significantly improved. The denitration is carried out in a similar manner as in the production of rayon from cellulose nitrate. For this, alkali, alkaline earth and ammonium sulfides and acid hydrogensulfides are predominantly used, and these agents can be used alone or mixed with each other. Also, the salts of low oxidation states of multivalent metals can be used for this purpose with greater or lesser effect in a slightly acid or ammoniacal solution, for example, copper chloride, ferric chloride, stannous chloride and others. Known enriching methods apply not only to vegetable fabrics containing cellulose, but also to loose fibers and yarns. PL PL
Claims (4)
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| PL7859B1 true PL7859B1 (en) | 1927-08-31 |
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