PL6296B1 - Process for the production of alkaline or alkaline earth cyanides. - Google Patents
Process for the production of alkaline or alkaline earth cyanides. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- PL6296B1 PL6296B1 PL6296A PL629626A PL6296B1 PL 6296 B1 PL6296 B1 PL 6296B1 PL 6296 A PL6296 A PL 6296A PL 629626 A PL629626 A PL 629626A PL 6296 B1 PL6296 B1 PL 6296B1
- Authority
- PL
- Poland
- Prior art keywords
- alkaline
- alkaline earth
- materials
- cyanides
- alkali
- Prior art date
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000011 group IA salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- -1 humic earth Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002506 iron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006259 organic additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Description
Przy wytwarzaniu cyjanków alkaljów lub ziem alkalicznych przez dzialanie azo¬ tem na mieszaniny materjalów zawieraja¬ cych wegiel i soli alkalicznych przy dosta¬ tecznie wysokiej temperaturze zalezy na tern, zeby zwiazki azotowe laczyly sie moz¬ liwie szybko i bez pozostalosci. Reakcja moze miec taki przebieg, jezeli wegiel jest wymieszany z sola bardzo dokladnie i jest silnie aktywny.W mysl wynalazku niniejszego otrzymu¬ je sie produkty odpowiadajace wyzej po¬ danym warunkom i wytwarzajace szybko cyjanki odpowiednich alkaljów lub ziem alkalicznych w ten sposób, ze jako materja¬ ly surowe dobiera sie takie materjaly, z których otrzymuje sie wiele czynnego we¬ gla, a równoczesnie maja te wlasnosc, ze po zmieszaniu z solami alkalicznemi lub z solami ziem alkalicznych daja w procesie spiekania produkt ziarnisty. Stwierdzono, ze takim materjalem surowym moze byc kwas huminowy, Materjaly zawierajace kwas huminowy, jak ziemia humusowa, torf i wegiel brunat¬ ny, zawierajacy kwas huminowy, miesza sie z dostateczna iloscia soli alkalicznych lub soli ziem alkalicznych, poezem poddaje sie te mieszanine prazeniu/ Produktem prazenia jest gaz, który sie bez przerwy odprowadza, i ziarnisty, wysoce czynny koks, zawierajacy wiele alkaljów, wzgled¬ nie ziem alkalicznych, W drugim okresie procesu ogrzewa sieotrzymany, koks w pradzie azotu do mniej wiecej 1000°C, uzywajac do tego celu spe¬ cjalnego pieca, lub w oddzielnej czesci pie¬ ca uzywanego do prazenia. Poniewaz koks jest porowaty, wiec latwo pochlania azot, który laczac sie z tlenkami alkaljów, wzglednie ziem alkalicznych, zuzywa sie prawie calkowicie na wytworzenie cyjan¬ ków.Do materjalu surowego mozna tez do¬ dac stosowne katalizatory, np, zwiazki zela¬ zowe, przyczem ciekawe jest, ze kataliza¬ tory uzyte w znacznie mniejszej ilosci, niz zazwyczaj, przyspieszaja znacznie przebieg reakcji i jej wydajnosci.Poniewaz popiól zawarty w surowych materjalach wiaze czesc dodanych alka¬ ljów, wzglednie ziem alkalicznych, wiec przez splókiwanie lub wylugowywanfe moz¬ na otrzymac czysty kwas huminowy, wzglednie huminiany, których potem uzy¬ wa sie w procesie prazenia. Do czystego kwasu huminowego lub do materjalów za¬ wierajacych wielki procent tego kwasu, mozna dodawac pewna ilosc innych mate¬ rjalów zawierajacych wegiel, bez szkodli¬ wego wplywu na powstawanie ziarnistego koksu.Alkalja mozna dodawac do surowych materjalów w postaci stezonych odpadków przemyslowych, bogatych w alkalja lub zie¬ mie alkaliczne, nawet gdy zawieraja do¬ mieszki organiczne. Jezeli uzywa sie do te¬ go celu np. lugów-alkalicznych, to po zmie¬ szaniu np. z weglem brunatnym, zawieraja¬ cym humus, otrzymuje sie papke, z której pr^y prazeniu otrzymuje sie huminiany al¬ kaliczne, natomiast alkaliczne pozostalosci tego procesu, zawierajace bituminy i po piól, poddane powtórnemu prazeniu daja maz wolna od fenolu. PL PLIn the production of alkali or alkaline earth cyanides by treating nitrogen with mixtures of carbon containing materials and alkali salts at a sufficiently high temperature, it is essential that the nitrogen compounds combine as quickly and without residue as possible. The reaction can take place if the carbon is mixed with the salt very thoroughly and is highly active. In the context of the present invention, products are obtained which meet the above-described conditions and quickly produce cyanides of the corresponding alkaline or alkaline earths, so that the material is Raw materials are selected from which a lot of active carbon is obtained, and at the same time have the property that, when mixed with alkaline salts or with alkaline earth salts, they give a granular product in the sintering process. It has been found that such raw material can be humic acid, Materials containing humic acid, such as humic earth, peat and brown coal, containing humic acid, are mixed with a sufficient amount of alkali or alkaline earth salts, and the poison is subjected to roasting / The product of roasting is a gas which is continuously evacuated, and a granular, highly active coke, containing many alkali or alkaline earths. In the second stage of the process, the resulting coke is heated in a nitrogen current to about 1000 ° C, using a special kiln, or in a separate part of the kiln used for roasting. Since coke is porous, it easily absorbs nitrogen, which, when combined with alkali oxides, or alkaline earth oxides, is almost entirely used up to produce cyanides. You can also add appropriate catalysts to the raw material, e.g. iron compounds, It is interesting that the catalysts used in much lower amounts than usual accelerate the course of the reaction and its yield significantly. As the ash contained in the raw materials binds some of the added alkali, or alkaline earths, so by washing or leaching it can be obtained pure humic acid, or huminates, which are then used in the roasting process. To pure humic acid or to materials containing a high percentage of this acid, a certain amount of other materials containing carbon may be added without adversely affecting the formation of granular coke. alkali or alkaline earth, even when containing organic additives. If, for example, alkaline liquors are used for this purpose, then after mixing with, for example, brown coal containing humus, a slurry is obtained, from which the calcination is made alkaline humates, while the alkaline remains This process, containing bitumens and dust, is calcined to give a phenol-free slurry. PL PL
Claims (4)
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| PL6296B1 true PL6296B1 (en) | 1926-12-31 |
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