PL3281B1 - A method of making glass with great strength. - Google Patents
A method of making glass with great strength. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- PL3281B1 PL3281B1 PL3281A PL328123A PL3281B1 PL 3281 B1 PL3281 B1 PL 3281B1 PL 3281 A PL3281 A PL 3281A PL 328123 A PL328123 A PL 328123A PL 3281 B1 PL3281 B1 PL 3281B1
- Authority
- PL
- Poland
- Prior art keywords
- glass
- great strength
- making glass
- great
- produced
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims description 29
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 241001459693 Dipterocarpus zeylanicus Species 0.000 claims 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005619 boric acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 silicon metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Description
Wyauailaizjek nitaitejszy dotyczy wyrobu szkllaii nadajacego sie w szczególnosci do pnac chemicznych i wyrózniajacegjo sie ma¬ lym wspólczynnikiem rozszerzalnosci, trud¬ no topliwoscia i odpornoscia na wplywy chemiczne, to jest na dzialalnie wody, kwa¬ sów i alkaljów, jak równiez nadzwyczajna twardoscia. Zarazem szklo to nie jest tak kruche, jak inne szklo twarde. W przeci¬ wienstwie do szkla twardego i tlukacego sie, szklo wyrabiane w mysl wytualazku ni- nilejisiziego wykalztuje wielka elastycznosc, wskutek czego w razie pekniecia szkla na¬ czynie nie roizpaida] isile na dlnofone kawalki, lecz peiknilecile to moznai zatopic. Obecnie tylko szklo kwarcowe posiadaj wlasciwosci podoibnie do szkla nSnalejsziegoi, lecz szklo to musi byc wytwarzane w piecach elek¬ trycznych, co utrudnia bardzo ksztaltowa¬ nie wyrabianych zen przedmiotów. Szkte stanowiace przedmiot wtyrialatzku niniejsze¬ go mozna wytwarzac w zwyklych piecach szklarskich o temperaturze, rozumie sie, wyzszej, a przedmioty mozna ksztaltowac wydmuchiwaniem. Zruane juz sa szkla) wy~ trzymale na dzialanie mechaniczne, lecz wlasciwosc te osiaga sie njp. ochladzaniem w oleju lufo stalpiatnilem dwóch giatunków szkla 01 rozmaitym Sfpólczynniku rozszerzal¬ nosci (sizklbi Durex'a) lub podlofonemi sizczegiólnemii sposobami. Przeciwnie, ga¬ tunki wyzszie sizkla wytworzonego w spo¬ sób niniiejsizy wykazuja te wlasciwosc bez^ posrednio, dzieki swemu sklaldowl.Zaluwa&ono, ze wbrew Wszelkim prze¬ widywaniem, dodajac pierwiastki gjrupykrzemowfej, np. cyrkon lub tytan, i jedno¬ czesnie zmniejszajac ilosc alkalljów, otrzy¬ muje sie szklo, które posiada! wielka twar¬ dosc, nie jest laimiliwe i wykazuje znaczna sipo&tosc i wielka wytrzymalosc na ude¬ rzenia. Spólczynnik rozszerzalnosci tego szkla wynosi 3 a = (143 — 145) X 10"7, a wytrzymalosc nai sciskanie 101 kg niai mim2. Pomiajdtb szklo to jest dobrym prze¬ wodnikiem ciepla, wskutek czego naczynia nagrzewaja sie natychmiast, dlzieki czemu niema potrzeby wyrabiac naczynia i apara¬ ty tak^iiepkjift. jak ze szkla zwyklego, w^- ról*^^w|^ ji t§t bardizo laitlwy, & przgdmio- ty z tego szkla sa maisywniejsKe ii trwalsze.Mozna je bez obawy pekniecia magrzewac wprost na ognili w slanie próznym i gwal¬ townie oziebiac, np. zanurzaljac do zimniej wody.Sklajd tego szkla znamionuje mailal za¬ wartosc alkalljów, nieobecnosc waipmia ii me¬ tali najjcizeseiej go zastepujacych np. baru, cynku, olowiu, al ponadto wieksza czesc kwasu krzemowego jest zastapiona kwafsem bornym, ai mmiejisze jego ilosci tlenkiem cyrkonu i tytanu.W celu otrzymania nowego szkla poistle- puje sie w spolsób zwykly, t. j. miesza siie dokladnie ciala wyjsciowe, uprzednio siproisizkowaine, i otrzymualna mase, statpia si$.Prizedmioty wyrabiane z tej stopionej ma¬ sy ksztaltuje sie zapomolca wydmuchiwania lub podobnego dzialania.Tytulem przykladu podac moznia na¬ stepujacy sklad przyblizony mieszaniny: Piasku 60—70% Kwiajsu bornego 15—30% Weglanu potasowego 1—2% Weglanu sodowego 3—6% Kaoliny 2^6% Miki 0--4% Zr02 1^-3 Jg Ti02 ' 1—3% Szklo to posiada) w przyblizeniu naste¬ pujacy sfcl&d czasteczkowy: 70SiO2. 20B2Os. 3RO. y2 A/203. 2R02 (R oznalcza) sód lub potais, R' metale grupy krzemu nip. tytaln lulb cyrkon).Szklo w ten sposób otrzymane przewyz¬ sza swemi zaletami chemicznemi, termicz nemi i mechalnilcznemi wszelkiego rodzaju szkla znane dlotychczas i nadaje sie szcze¬ gólnie do analiz, gdyz nie zawiera baru, cynku, wapnia ani cial,, które moglyby przejsc do roztworu. Nagpzewainie tprzez czas dluzszy nowe szklo w przeciwienstwie do szkla kwarcowego rate ulega nagryzaniu, jak zwykle szklo krzemowe. Jako przy¬ klad odpornosci tego szkla .mozna' przyto¬ czyc fakt nalstepujacy: w njalczyniu z tego szkla mozna roztopic lug sodlofwy i potem natychmilaJst pograzyc je wraz z lugiem stopionym do wody zimnej i naczynie nie peknie. PLThe explanation of the rivet is a glass and glass product that is particularly suitable for chemical swelling and is distinguished by its low expansion coefficient, fusibility difficulty and resistance to chemical influences, that is, to the action of water, acid and alkali, as well as extraordinary hardness. At the same time, this glass is not as brittle as other hard glass. Unlike hard and shattering glass, glass produced in accordance with the invention of Nilejisizi will have great flexibility, so that if the glass breaks, the vessel will not break down and forcefully to the long-phono pieces, but it can be sunk a little longer. At present, only quartz glass has properties similar to that of nSnalejsziegoi glass, but this glass must be produced in electric furnaces, which makes it very difficult to shape zen-made objects. The piece constituting the subject of this plug can be produced in ordinary glass furnaces with a temperature, that is to say, higher, and the articles can be formed by blowing. The glass is already broken) is resistant to mechanical action, but this property is achieved, for example. cooling in oil or cooling two glass filaments 01 by various expansion factors (Durex sizklbi) or by various methods. On the contrary, the higher species of silicon dioxide produced by the low-level exhibit these properties directly, thanks to their composition. It has been contaminated, against all foresight, by adding group elements of silico-aph, e.g. zircon or titanium, and simultaneously reducing the number of alkali. , you get the glass you own! great hardness, it is not laymilish and shows considerable poisonousness and great impact resistance. The expansion coefficient of this glass is 3 a = (143 - 145) X 10 "7, and the compressive strength is 101 kg n1 and mm2. Apart from that, this glass is a good heat conductor, as a result of which the dishes heat up immediately, so there is no need to knead the dishes. and devices as well as those made of ordinary glass, in a ^ - role * ^^ in | ^ ji t§t bardizo laitlwy, & blasts made of this glass are maisive and more durable. They can be without fear of cracking by heating directly on they fired in empty slides and rapidly cooled, e.g. by immersing them in cold water. The glass composition is characterized by the mailal content of alkali, the absence of waipmia, and metals most closely replacing it, e.g. barium, zinc, lead, and, moreover, most of silicic acid it is replaced with boric acid, and even smaller amounts with zircon and titanium oxide. In order to obtain a new glass, the usual way is used, i.e. the initial bodies are mixed thoroughly, and the resulting mass is degraded. Prizedmio These are made of this molten mass and are shaped without blowing or the like. For example, the following composition can be given: Sand 60-70% Boricine 15-30% Potassium carbonate 1-2% Sodium carbonate 3-6% Kaolins 2 ^ 6% Mica 0-4% ZrO2 1 ^ -3 Jg TiO2 '1-3% This glass has approximately the following molecular sfcl & d: 70 SiO2. 20B2Os. 3RO. y2 A / 203. 2R02 (R represents) sodium or potais, R 'silicon metals n and p. The glass obtained in this way has the chemical, thermal and mechanical advantages of all types of glass known so far and is particularly suitable for analyzes because it does not contain barium, zinc, calcium or any bodies that could pass through into the solution. For a longer time, the new glass, unlike rate quartz glass, undergoes biting, as usually silicon glass. As an example of the resistance of this glass, the following fact can be given: in a glass of this glass, it is possible to melt the slurry of soda and then it is immediately threatened with the melted liquor into cold water and the vessel will not break. PL
Claims (1)
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| PL3281B1 true PL3281B1 (en) | 1925-12-31 |
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