PL2899B3 - The method of producing the catalyst for the synthesis of ammonia. - Google Patents
The method of producing the catalyst for the synthesis of ammonia. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- PL2899B3 PL2899B3 PL2899A PL289923A PL2899B3 PL 2899 B3 PL2899 B3 PL 2899B3 PL 2899 A PL2899 A PL 2899A PL 289923 A PL289923 A PL 289923A PL 2899 B3 PL2899 B3 PL 2899B3
- Authority
- PL
- Poland
- Prior art keywords
- oxides
- iron
- mass
- catalyst
- ammonia
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 101100002888 Neurospora crassa (strain ATCC 24698 / 74-OR23-1A / CBS 708.71 / DSM 1257 / FGSC 987) asa-1 gene Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 for example Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UCNNJGDEJXIUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)iron;iron Chemical compound [Fe].O[Fe]=O.O[Fe]=O UCNNJGDEJXIUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Description
Najdluzszy czas trwania patentu do dnia 15 wrzesnia 1940 r.Dzialanie masy katalitycznej jest tak specjalne i róznorodne, ze wystarcza zasto¬ sowanie prawie nieznacznych zmian w przy¬ gotowaniu, aby otrzymac odmienne rezulta¬ ty a nawet znaczne ulepszenie w dzialaniu.W patencie Nr 2898 podano, ze usunaw¬ szy z zelaza handlowego szkodliwe domie¬ szki i wywolawszy gwaltowne utlenienie za- pomoca czystego tlenu, otrzymuje sie dobra mase z jakiegokolwiek podrecznego mate- rjalu, nawet, jezeli idzie o zelazo juz uzy¬ wane i zanieczyszczone podczas dzialania katalizatora.Stwierdzono jednak doswiadczeniem, ze mniej lub wiecej sprawne dzialanie zelaza zalezy nietylko od jego czystosci, lecz i od zawartosci w niem tlenków nieulegajaicych redukcji przez wodór, jak np. tlenki alka¬ liczne, tlenki ziem alkalicznych, tlenek ma¬ gnezowy, glinowy i t. d. Dzialanie tych tlenków moze byc specyficzne pod wzgle¬ dem zwiekszania zdolnosci katalitycznej zelaza, wedlug zdan innych, moze nadawac masie wieksza powierzchnie, w kazdym ra¬ zie, jakakolwiek jest przyczyna polepsza* nia, wplyw tlenków jest tern wiekszy, im dokladniej sa zmieszane z masa katali¬ tyczna. ; Teoretycznie, co zreszta zostalo stwier¬ dzone w praktyce, mozna otrzymac scisla mieszanine, poniewaz przy utlenianiu zelaza i przemianie na tlenek magnetyczny w wy¬ sokiej temperaturze, czesc wytworzonego tlenku zelazawego wchodzi z tlenkami wpolaczenie typu izomorfnego z magnetytem, w którym jest zupelnie rozpuszczalne nawet w stanie stalym.Stwierdzono nastepnie doswiadczalnie, ze im wieksza jest ilosc tlenków zaabsor¬ bowanych przez mase, w kazdym razie w pewnych granicach, tern wieksza jest zdol¬ nosc katalityczna tym sposobem otrzymy¬ wanego zelaza, i tern lepiej zachowuje ono swa sprawnosc.Zauwazono dalej, ze im wyzsza jest temperatura utlenianego zelaza, tern wiecej tlenków mozna rozpuscic w masie. Stwier¬ dzono poza tern, ze jest konieczne, a przy¬ najmniej korzystne, aby ilosc dodanych tlenków wynosila wiecej, niz 10% i ilosc rozpuszczonych odpowiadala procentowosci najwlasciwtszej w praktyce. Stosownie do tego i uwazajac, ze warunki otrzymywania katalizatora wedlug wyszczególnienia w patencie Nr 2898, sa wlasnie najodpowied¬ niejsze dla latwego i równomiernego rozpu¬ szczenia wielkich ilosci tlenków, sposób wytwarzania katalizatora zmieniono naste¬ pujaco: W zbiorniku cylindrycznym, zaopatrzo¬ nym u podstawy rura na kilka centymetrów wystajaca do wnetrza, umieszcza sie na dnie warstwe sproszkowanego tlenku zela¬ zawego uprzednio przygotowanego; na- wierzch naklada sie cylinder z blachy ze¬ laznej, a w przestrzeni pomiedzy sciankami cylindra i zbiornika utlacza sie ten sam pro¬ szek. Proces odbywa sie, wedlug przed¬ stawionego w patencie Nr 2898, lecz w trakcie utleniania dodaje sie do masy odwa¬ zona ilosc tlenków do rozpuszczenia np. bauksyt, magnezje, wapno, dolomit i t. d. tak, aby w wysokiej temperaturze masy rozpuszczaly sie zupelnie; otrzymuje sie produkt z zawartoscia wymienionych sklad¬ ników w ilosci najzupelniej okreslonej bez jakiejkolwiek zmiany stezenia, jaka mogly¬ by ppcwodowac scianki zbiornika, które, skladajac sie z katalizatora, posiadaja sklad masy, jaka sie otrzymac pragnie; wplyw niewielkich ilosci rury blaszanej naturalnie w masie niema znaczenia. PLThe longest term of the patent was September 15, 1940. The action of the catalytic mass is so special and varied that it is sufficient to apply almost slight changes in preparation to obtain different results and even a significant improvement in performance. it is reported that by removing harmful impurities from commercial iron and by causing rapid oxidation with pure oxygen, a good mass is obtained from any handy material, even if the iron is already used and contaminated during the operation of the catalyst. However, experience has been found that the more or less effective operation of iron depends not only on its purity, but also on the content of oxides which cannot be reduced by hydrogen, such as, for example, alkaline oxides, alkaline earth oxides, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, etc. of these oxides may be specific in terms of increasing the catalytic ability of iron, according to other opinions, it may give a greater mass the surfaces, at all times, for whatever reason for improvement, the effect of the oxides is the greater the more they are mixed with the catalytic mass. ; Theoretically, as has been found in practice, a tight mixture can be obtained, because in the oxidation of iron and the conversion to magnetic oxide at high temperature, part of the produced ferric oxide enters with the oxides in an isomorphous type with magnetite, in which it is completely soluble even Then it was experimentally found that the greater the amount of oxides absorbed by the mass, within certain limits at least, the greater the catalytic power of the thus obtained iron, and the better it retains its efficiency. furthermore, the higher the temperature of the iron to be oxidized, the more oxides can be dissolved in the mass. It has also been found that it is necessary, and at least preferred, that the amount of added oxides be greater than 10% and that the amount of dissolved oxides corresponds to the percentage most appropriate in practice. Accordingly, and considering that the conditions for obtaining the catalyst as specified in Patent No. 2898 are precisely the most suitable for the easy and uniform dissolution of large amounts of oxides, the method of preparing the catalyst was changed as follows: In a cylindrical vessel provided at the base a pipe protruding a few centimeters inside is placed on the bottom with a layer of previously prepared ferric oxide; a metal plate cylinder is placed on top, and the same powder is oxidized in the space between the walls of the cylinder and the tank. The process is carried out according to the patent No. 2898, but during oxidation, a weighed amount of oxides to be dissolved is added to the mass, for example, bauxite, magnesia, lime, dolomite, etc., so that the masses dissolve completely at high temperature; a product is obtained with the content of the abovementioned constituents in a quantity as completely as possible, without any change in concentration which would water the walls of the tank, which, consisting of a catalyst, have the mass composition that is desired; the influence of small amounts of a sheet metal pipe naturally in the mass is irrelevant. PL
Claims (1)
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| PL2899B3 true PL2899B3 (en) | 1925-10-31 |
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