PL203640B1 - A method of increasing solubility or dispersibility based on a matrix in a carbohydrate powder or tablet, a non-foaming, water-soluble or dispersible powder based on a matrix in a carbohydrate and a water-soluble or dispersible tablet based on a matrix in a carbohydrate - Google Patents

A method of increasing solubility or dispersibility based on a matrix in a carbohydrate powder or tablet, a non-foaming, water-soluble or dispersible powder based on a matrix in a carbohydrate and a water-soluble or dispersible tablet based on a matrix in a carbohydrate Download PDF

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Publication number
PL203640B1
PL203640B1 PL367288A PL36728802A PL203640B1 PL 203640 B1 PL203640 B1 PL 203640B1 PL 367288 A PL367288 A PL 367288A PL 36728802 A PL36728802 A PL 36728802A PL 203640 B1 PL203640 B1 PL 203640B1
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Poland
Prior art keywords
matrix
gas
tablet
carbohydrate
powder
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PL367288A
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Polish (pl)
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PL367288A1 (en
Inventor
Darbyshire John
Chmiel Oliver
Bernard Ubbink Johan
Schoonman Annemarie
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Societe Des Produits Nestle Sa
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Priority claimed from GBGB0102691.3A external-priority patent/GB0102691D0/en
Application filed by Societe Des Produits Nestle Sa filed Critical Societe Des Produits Nestle Sa
Publication of PL367288A1 publication Critical patent/PL367288A1/en
Publication of PL203640B1 publication Critical patent/PL203640B1/en

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23FCOFFEE; TEA; THEIR SUBSTITUTES; MANUFACTURE, PREPARATION, OR INFUSION THEREOF
    • A23F5/00Coffee; Coffee substitutes; Preparations thereof
    • A23F5/24Extraction of coffee; Coffee extracts; Making instant coffee
    • A23F5/36Further treatment of dried coffee extract; Preparations produced thereby, e.g. instant coffee
    • A23F5/38Agglomerating, flaking or tabletting or granulating
    • A23F5/385Tablets or other similar solid forms
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23GCOCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G2200/00COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF containing organic compounds, e.g. synthetic flavouring agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23GCOCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G2200/00COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF containing organic compounds, e.g. synthetic flavouring agents
    • A23G2200/10COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF containing organic compounds, e.g. synthetic flavouring agents containing amino-acids, proteins, e.g. gelatine, peptides, polypeptides
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23GCOCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G2220/00Products with special structure
    • A23G2220/02Foamed, gas-expanded or cellular products
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23GCOCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G3/00Sweetmeats; Confectionery; Marzipan; Coated or filled products
    • A23G3/02Apparatus specially adapted for manufacture or treatment of sweetmeats or confectionery; Accessories therefor
    • A23G3/0205Manufacture or treatment of liquids, pastes, creams, granules, shred or powder
    • A23G3/0215Mixing, kneading apparatus
    • A23G3/0221Mixing, kneading apparatus with introduction or production of gas or under vacuum; Whipping; Manufacture of cellular mass
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23GCOCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G3/00Sweetmeats; Confectionery; Marzipan; Coated or filled products
    • A23G3/02Apparatus specially adapted for manufacture or treatment of sweetmeats or confectionery; Accessories therefor
    • A23G3/10Candy-pulling machines ; Processes or apparatus for making cotton candy or candy floss
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23GCOCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G3/00Sweetmeats; Confectionery; Marzipan; Coated or filled products
    • A23G3/34Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipan; Processes for the preparation thereof
    • A23G3/346Finished or semi-finished products in the form of powders, paste or liquids
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23GCOCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G3/00Sweetmeats; Confectionery; Marzipan; Coated or filled products
    • A23G3/34Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipan; Processes for the preparation thereof
    • A23G3/36Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipan; Processes for the preparation thereof characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23GCOCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G3/00Sweetmeats; Confectionery; Marzipan; Coated or filled products
    • A23G3/34Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipan; Processes for the preparation thereof
    • A23G3/36Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipan; Processes for the preparation thereof characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
    • A23G3/44Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipan; Processes for the preparation thereof characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds containing peptides or proteins
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23GCOCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G3/00Sweetmeats; Confectionery; Marzipan; Coated or filled products
    • A23G3/34Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipan; Processes for the preparation thereof
    • A23G3/50Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipan; Processes for the preparation thereof characterised by shape, structure or physical form, e.g. products with supported structure
    • A23G3/52Aerated, foamed, cellular or porous products
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23KFODDER
    • A23K40/00Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/10Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23KFODDER
    • A23K40/00Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/20Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by moulding, e.g. making cakes or briquettes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23KFODDER
    • A23K40/00Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/25Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by extrusion
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23KFODDER
    • A23K50/00Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/40Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for carnivorous animals, e.g. cats or dogs
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L2/00Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
    • A23L2/385Concentrates of non-alcoholic beverages
    • A23L2/39Dry compositions
    • A23L2/395Dry compositions in a particular shape or form
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L5/00Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
    • A23L5/55Rehydration or dissolving of foodstuffs
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23PSHAPING OR WORKING OF FOODSTUFFS, NOT FULLY COVERED BY A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS
    • A23P10/00Shaping or working of foodstuffs characterised by the products
    • A23P10/20Agglomerating; Granulating; Tabletting
    • A23P10/28Tabletting; Making food bars by compression of a dry powdered mixture
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23VINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2002/00Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23VINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2200/00Function of food ingredients
    • A23V2200/20Ingredients acting on or related to the structure
    • A23V2200/224Encapsulating agent
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23VINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2200/00Function of food ingredients
    • A23V2200/20Ingredients acting on or related to the structure
    • A23V2200/226Foaming agent
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23VINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2250/00Food ingredients
    • A23V2250/10Gas
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23VINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2250/00Food ingredients
    • A23V2250/10Gas
    • A23V2250/124Nitrogen
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23VINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2250/00Food ingredients
    • A23V2250/50Polysaccharides, gums
    • A23V2250/51Polysaccharide
    • A23V2250/5114Dextrins, maltodextrins
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23VINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2250/00Food ingredients
    • A23V2250/54Proteins
    • A23V2250/542Animal Protein
    • A23V2250/5424Dairy protein
    • A23V2250/54246Casein
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0053Mouth and digestive tract, i.e. intraoral and peroral administration
    • A61K9/0056Mouth soluble or dispersible forms; Suckable, eatable, chewable coherent forms; Forms rapidly disintegrating in the mouth; Lozenges; Lollipops; Bite capsules; Baked products; Baits or other oral forms for animals
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/2004Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/2009Inorganic compounds
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/2004Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/2013Organic compounds, e.g. phospholipids, fats
    • A61K9/2018Sugars, or sugar alcohols, e.g. lactose, mannitol; Derivatives thereof, e.g. polysorbates
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/2004Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/2022Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/205Polysaccharides, e.g. alginate, gums; Cyclodextrin
    • A61K9/2059Starch, including chemically or physically modified derivatives; Amylose; Amylopectin; Dextrin
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11DDETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D17/00Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
    • C11D17/0047Detergents in the form of bars or tablets
    • C11D17/0065Solid detergents containing builders
    • C11D17/0073Tablets
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11DDETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16Organic compounds
    • C11D3/20Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C11D3/22Carbohydrates or derivatives thereof
    • C11D3/221Mono, di- or trisaccharides or derivatives thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11DDETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16Organic compounds
    • C11D3/20Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C11D3/22Carbohydrates or derivatives thereof
    • C11D3/222Natural or synthetic polysaccharides, e.g. cellulose, starch, gum, alginic acid or cyclodextrin

Description

Opis wynalazku Wynalazek dotyczy opartych na matrycy w eglowodanowej proszków i tabletek rozpuszczalnych lub dyspergowalnych w wodzie, o ulepszonych w lasno sciach rekonstytucji w wodzie. Bardziej szczegó lowo, przedmiotem wynalazku jest sposób zwi ekszania rozpuszczalno sci lub dyspergowalno sci opartego na matrycy w eglowodanowej proszku lub tabletki, niewytwarzaj acy piany, rozpuszczalny lub dyspergowalny w wodzie proszek oparty na matrycy w eglowodanowej oraz roz- puszczalna lub dyspergowalna w wodzie tabletka oparta na matrycy w eglowodanowej Rozpuszczalne w wodzie proszki i tabletki oparte na amorficznych matrycach w eglowodano- wych s a stosowane w wielu dziedzinach. Na przyk lad takie proszki lub tabletki w postaci odpowiedniej do spo zycia dla ludzi stosowane s a w zywno sci, napojach, od zywkach, cukiernictwie i farmacji. Alter- natywnie proszki lub tabletki mog a zawiera c srodki takie jak detergenty, przeznaczone do rozpusz- czania lub dyspergowania w wodzie przed u zyciem. W wielu przypadkach po zadane jest rozpuszcze- nie lub szybkie zdyspergowanie proszku lub tabletek przy zetkni eciu z wod a a, przyk ladowo, s laba rozpuszczalno sc tabletek stanowi przyczyn e wielu problemów z biodost epno sci a leków. Proszek lub tabletka mo ze zawiera c srodki chemiczne u latwiaj ace rozpuszczanie, z regu ly stanowi ace kombinacj e zwi azków chemicznych trwa la w postaci sta lej, ale wytwarzaj ac a gaz przy zetknieciu z wod a, na przy- k lad kombinacj e kwasu i w eglanu lub wodorow eglanu. W pewnych przypadkach dodawana ilosc sub- stancji chemicznych wytwarzaj acych gaz zapewnia proszki lub tabletki musuj ace. Szczególny rodzaj rozpuszczalnego w wodzie proszku w eglowodanowego stanowi a piany i smietanki w proszku, które w wyniku dodania p lynu dostarczaj a spienionej smietanki, a proszki takie znajduj a wiele zastosowa n. Na przyk lad mog a by c one stosowane w celu uzyskania mlecznych kokta- ili („shake'ów") lub napojów typu „cappuccino", lub te z mog a znajdowa c zastosowanie spo zywcze, takie jak desery, zupy i sosy. Szczególnie dobrze znane s a produkty kawy rozpuszczalnej, z których otrzymuje si e napoje typu „cappuccino", a stanowi a one zazwyczaj such a mieszank e sproszkowanej kawy rozpuszczalnej i rozpuszczalnej smietanki do napojów. Dobrze znane s a produkty tego typu zawieraj ace przestrzenie gazowe, które podczas rozpuszczania proszku wytwarzaja pian e, tak ze po dodaniu wody lub mleka (zazwyczaj gor acego) powstaje rozbielony napój kawowy posiadaj acy na powierzchni pian e, na sladuj acy, przynajmniej do pewnego stopnia, tradycyjne w loskie „cappuccino". Przyk lady gazowanych rozpuszczalnych smietanek do napojów opisane s a w patentach EP 0 154 192 A, EP 0 450 310 A i EP 0 885 566. Rozpuszczalne smietanki do napojów zawieraj ace chemiczne srodki spieniaj ace s a równie z znane. Powstawanie piany jest zale zne od proszku zawieraj acego sk ladnik, generalnie bia lko takie jak kazeina, posiadaj acy zdolnosc stabilizowania piany. W wielu dziedzinach obecno sc srodków chemicznych wytwarzaj acych gaz jest niewskazana, na przyk lad z powodu ich wp lywu na smak, a nawet mo ze by c zabroniona. Istnieje potrzeba dostarczenia opartych na w eglowodanach rozpuszczalnych lub dyspergowalnych w wodzie proszków i tabletek o ulepszonych w lasno sciach rekonstytucji w wodzie, nie wymagaj acych stosowania wspomagaj acych srodków chemicznych. Przedmiotem wynalazku jest sposób zwi ekszania rozpuszczalno sci lub dyspergowalno sci opar- tego na matrycy w eglowodanowej proszku lub tabletki, polegaj acy na tym, ze proszek lub tabletk e b ad z ich prekursor poddaje si e ogrzewaniu pod ci snieniem gazu wynosz acym 100 kPa do 20 MPa, który to gaz wprowadza si e do matrycy w temperaturach powy zej jej temperatury zeszklenia Tg, przy czym gaz ten zamyka si e w proszku lub tabletce na drodze ozi ebienia proszku lub tabletki po ich na- pe lnieniu gazem. W efekcie sposobu wed lug wynalazku proszek lub tabletka uzyskuje porowatosc zamkni et a wy- starczaj ac a do tego, aby zamkni ety w nich gaz u latwia l rozpuszczanie lub dyspergowanie przy ze- tkni eciu z wod a. Korzystnie, proszek lub tabletka zawiera amorficzn a matryc e w eglowodanow a. Korzystnie, w eglowodan stanowi cukier, skrobi e lub modyfikowan a skrobi e. Korzystnie, w eglowodan stanowi co najmniej 50%, jeszcze korzystniej w eglowodan stanowi co najmniej 75%, a najkorzystniej co najmniej 90% wagowych matrycy. Korzystnie, tabletka zawiera ponadto bia lko, hydrokoloid lub t luszcz. W sposobie wed lug wynalazku korzystnie gaz stanowi azot, dwutlenek w egla, powietrze, tlen, hel, wodór, argon, neon, metan, etan, krypton, chlor, chlorofluorow egiel lub ich mieszanin e. Szczególnie korzystnie, gaz wprowadza si e do cz astek poddaj ac je dzia laniu gazu pod ci snie- niem, w temperaturze powy zej temperatury mi ekni ecia w eglowodanu.PL 203 640 B1 3 W przypadku sporz adzania tabletek sposób wed lug wynalazku korzystnie obejmuje formowanie tabletki z cz astek zawieraj acych w eglowodan i zamykanie gazu w w eglowodanie. Szczególnie korzystnie, proszek lub tabletka stanowi produkt leczniczy lub spo zywczy. Nast epnym przedmiotem wynalazku jest niewytwarzaj acy piany, rozpuszczalny lub dyspergo- walny w wodzie proszek oparty na matrycy w eglowodanowej, zawieraj acy zamkni ety gaz w ilo sci co najmniej 3 ml (STP)/g gazu. Ilosc ta u latwia rozpuszczanie lub dyspergowanie proszku przy zetkni eciu z wod a. Korzystnie, proszek zawiera amorficzn a matryc e w eglowodanow a. Korzystnie, w eglowodan stanowi cukier, skrobi e lub modyfikowan a skrobi e. Korzystnie, w eglowodan stanowi co najmniej 50%, jeszcze korzystniej w eglowodan stanowi co najmniej 75%, a najkorzystniej co najmniej 90% wagowych matrycy. Korzystnie, proszek zawiera poni zej 5% wagowych wytwarzaj acego pian e bia lka. Korzystnie, proszek zawiera srodek destabilizuj acy pian e. W proszku wed lug wynalazku korzystnie gaz stanowi azot, dwutlenek w egla, powietrze, tlen, hel, wodór, argon, neon, metan, etan, krypton, chlor, chlorofluorow eglowodór lub ich mieszanin e. Szczególnie korzystnie, proszek zawiera co najmniej 5 ml (STP)/g gazu, zw laszcza co najmniej 7 ml (STP)/g gazu. Szczególnie korzystnie, proszek wed lug wed lug wynalazku stanowi produkt leczniczy lub spo- zywczy. Nast epnym przedmiotem wynalazku jest rozpuszczalna lub dyspergowalna w wodzie tabletka oparta na matrycy w eglowodanowej, zawieraj aca zamkni ety gaz i posiadaj aca porowato sc zamkni et a wystarczaj ac a, aby umo zliwi c zatrzymanie zamkni etego gazu w ilo sci co najmniej 3 ml (STP)/g gazu. Ilosc ta u latwia rozpuszczanie lub dyspergowanie tabletki przy zetkni eciu z wod a. Korzystnie, tabletka zawiera amorficzn a matryc e w eglowodanow a. Korzystnie, w eglowodan stanowi cukier, skrobi e lub modyfikowan a skrobi e. Korzystnie, w eglowodan stanowi co najmniej 50%, jeszcze korzystniej co najmniej 75%, a szczególnie korzystnie co najmniej 90% wagowych matrycy. Korzystnie, tabletka zawiera ponadto bia lko, hydrokoloid lub t luszcz. Korzystnie, w tabletce wed lug wynalazku gaz stanowi azot, dwutlenek w egla, powietrze, tlen, hel, wodór, argon, neon, metan, etan, krypton, chlor, chlorofluorow egiel lub ich mieszanin e. Korzystnie, tabletka zawiera co najmniej 5 ml (STP)/g gazu, wed lug zw laszcza co najmniej 7 ml (STP)/g gazu. Szczególnie korzystnie, tabletka stanowi produkt leczniczy lub spozywczy. Poni zej podano bardziej szczegó lowy opis wynalazku. Proszki i tabletki, których dotyczy obecny wynalazek, mog a by c oparte na dowolnym odpowied- nim w eglowodanie lub mieszaninie w eglowodanów. Generalnie, proszek lub tabletka obejmuje amor- ficzn a matryc e w eglowodanow a, która zawiera tak ze inne sk ladniki, zale znie od przeznaczenia prosz- ku lub tabletki. Tabletki mog a si e sk lada c z matrycy w eglowodanowej lub cz esciej b ed a zawiera ly matryc e w eglowodanow a razem z jednym lub wi eksz a ilo scia innych sk ladników. Przyk lady odpo- wiednich w eglowodanów obejmuj a cukry takie jak laktoza, dekstroza, fruktoza, sacharoza, maltodek- stryna, cyklodekstryny i syrop kukurydziany, skrobi e i modyfikowan a skrobi e. Je sli tabletki lub proszki nie s a jadalne, mo ze by c stosowany dowolny inny rodzaj rozpuszczalnej lub dyspergowalnej w wodzie skrobi. Jak wy zej podano, w eglowodan na ogó l stanowi do 50%, korzystnie co najmniej 75%, a bar- dziej korzystnie co najmniej 90% wagowych matrycy. Na w la sciwo sci matrycy mo zna wp lywa c, a w szczególno sci optymalizowa c je, dodaj ac plastyfi- katory, antyplastyfikatory, wype lniacze, zwi azki wp lywaj ace na tworzenie krystalitów lub obszarów uporz adkowanych w produkcie, srodki sieciuj ace, emulguj ace, stabilizuj ace pian e, barwi ace i wiaz ace. Takie substancje pomocnicze korzystnie stanowi a nie wi ecej ni z 25% wagowych, a bardziej korzystnie nie wi ecej ni z 10% wagowych matrycy. Tabletki i proszki mog a zawiera c substancje takie jak bia lko, hydrokoloidy i t luszcze. Tabletki w szczególnosci mog a zawiera c jeden lub wi ecej sk ladników aktyw- nych, których rodzaj zale zy od przeznaczenia tabletek. Korzystnie tabletki i proszki zawieraj a nie wi e- cej ni z 7% wagowych wody, bardziej korzystnie nie wi ecej ni z 5% wagowych wody, najbardziej ko- rzystnie nie wi ecej ni z 3% wagowych wody. Je sli proszek lub tabletka jest rodzaju nie wytwarzaj acego piany, kompozycja powinna tak ze zawiera c niewystarczaj ace ilo sci sk ladników stabilizuj acych pian e, takich jak bia lko, u latwiajacych powstawanie piany (lub sk ladniki takie nie powinny wyst epowa c w ogóle), lub te z powinna zawiera cPL 203 640 B1 4 srodek destabilizuj acy pian e. Przyk lady srodków destabilizuj acych pian e obejmuj a izopropanol, t lusz- cze i lipidy, sacharoz e, monoestry, mieszaniny monoester/diester i monostearynian glikolu propyleno- wego. W tym kontek scie, proszek lub tabletka nie powinny wytwarza c piany (z minimalnym tworze- niem piany). Proszki i tabletki wed lug obecnego wynalazku zawieraj a zamkni ety w nich gaz. Mo ze to by c dowolny odpowiedni gaz, który nie wywiera niekorzystnego dzia lania na inne sk ladniki proszku lub tabletek. Je sli proszek lub tabletki s a przeznaczone do spo zycia przez ludzi jako zywno sc, napój, od- zywka lub lek, powinien to by c gaz spo zywczy. Przyk lady odpowiednich gazów i ich ilo sci podano powy zej. Gaz mo ze by c wprowadzony do proszku lub tabletki b ad z ich prekursora w dowolny sposób. Jedna odpowiednia technika wytwarzania proszków obejmuje dostarczenie matrycy w postaci porowa- tych cz astek, a nast epnie zamkni ecie w cz astkach gazu. Sposób obejmuje ogrzewanie proszku pod cisnieniem gazu w temperaturze, w której matryca ulega mi eknieniu, która to temperatura mo ze sta- nowi c temperatur e powy zej temperatury zeszklenia (Tg) matrycy. Gaz wchodzi do cz astek, które zo- staj a na ladowane gazem, po czym cz astki zestala si e przez ozi ebienie, aby zatrzyma c gaz w cz astkach. Cz astki zawieraj ace gaz mog a stanowi c ostateczn a posta c produktu lub te z mo zna je miesza c z innym sk ladnikiem proszku w celu otrzymania sproszkowanego finalnego produktu. Porowate cz astki mo zna otrzyma c przez wtry sni ecie gazu do wodnego koncentratu matrycy po- siadaj acego zawarto sc substancji sta lej odpowiedni a do suszenia rozpy lowego, zazwyczaj powy zej oko lo 30% wagowych. Gaz mo zna wtryskiwa c do wodnego koncentratu matrycy pod ci snieniem oko lo 500 kPa do oko lo 5 MPa, jakkolwiek ci snienie pod jakim wtryskuje si e gaz generalnie nie ma znacze- nia. Nagazowana matryca wodna jest nast epnie suszona rozpy lowo na proszek. Cz astki poddaje si e wówczas dzia laniu gazu oboj etnego pod wysokim ci snieniem i w temperaturze wy zszej od temperatu- ry mi eknienia matrycy, która dla amorficznej matrycy w eglowodanowej mo ze by c równa lub zbli zona do Tg matrycy. Ci snienie nominalne mo ze wynosi c od 100 kPa do 20 MPa. Wymagana temperatura zale zy od sk ladu cz astek, poniewa z ma on wp lyw na Tg, ale mo ze by c latwo okre slona dla konkretne- go rodzaju i sk ladu cz astek. Stosowanie temperatur wy zszych o ponad 50°C od Tg cz astek jest niepo- trzebne i powinno si e go unika c. Cz astki mog a by c poddawane dzia laniu ci snienia i temperatury tak d lugo, jak to konieczne, poniewa z wyd lu zenie czasu generalnie wp lywa na zwi ekszenie stopnia zamy- kania gazu, ale czasy od oko lo 10 sekund do oko lo 30 minut s a na ogó l wystarczaj ace. Nast epnie cz astki gwa ltownie studzi si e lub utwardza, aby upewni c si e co do zamkni ecia gazu. Do studzenia cz astek mo zna stosowa c odpowiednie procedury ch lodzenia. Inna odpowiednia technika wprowadzania gazu do cz astek obejmuje wtryskiwanie gazu do sto- pionej masy matrycy cz astek zawieraj acych niewiele lub w ogóle niezawieraj acych wilgoci, na przy- k lad w wyt laczarce. Gaz mo ze by c wtryskiwany pod ci snieniem nominalnym 100 kPa do 20 MPa. Wymagana temperatura b edzie zale ze c od sk ladu matrycy, poniewa z b edzie on mia l wp lyw na tempe- ratur e stapiania, ale mo ze by c latwo okre slona dla dowolnego rodzaju i sk ladu matrycy. Generalnie powinno si e unika c temperatur powy zej 150°C. Stopion a mas e mo zna nast epnie wyt lacza c przez w askie dysze i rozdrabnia c na proszek. W zale zno sci od szybko sci zestalania matrycy, mo ze zacho- dzi c potrzeba utwardzania lub schladzania pod ci snieniem przed uformowaniem proszku, aby zapo- biec wydostawaniu si e gazu z matrycy. Utwardzanie lub sch ladzanie korzystnie prowadzi si e szybko, a czas mo ze si e zmienia c na przyk lad od oko lo 10 sekund do 90 minut. Je sli produkt finalny stanowi proszek, mo ze on by c stosowany w postaci w której jest wytwarza- ny powy zsz a metod a lub tez mo ze by c mieszany z innymi sk ladnikami w postaci sproszkowanej. W tym przypadku proszek zawieraj acy gaz mo ze odgrywa c rol e srodka wspomagaj acego rozpuszcza- nie dla ca lo sci proszku. Dowolne sk ladniki aktywne korzystnie wprowadza si e do proszku przed lado- waniem gazu. Je sli produkt finalny stanowi tabletka, mo zna j a sporz adza c w tradycyjny sposób i nast epnie la- dowa c gaz. Proces, za pomoc a którego dana substancj e sta la mozna przekszta lci c w tabletk e przez zastosowanie ci snienia, mo zna podzieli c na dwa etapy - scalania i tworzenia wi azania, a zdolno sc proszku do formowania tabletki zale zy od równowagi pomi edzy odkszta lceniem plastycznym i p ekni e- ciem kruchym sproszkowanych cz astek. Tabletki mo zna formowa c metod a bezpo sredniej kompresji proszku, a w pewnych przypadkach w celu polepszenia sci sliwo sci proszku stosuje si e substancje smaruj ace, takie jak stearynian magnezu. Ponadto cz esto stosuje si e srodki wi azace. W sród postaci realizacji obecnego wynalazku srodki wi azace stanowi a na przyk lad, ale nie wy lacznie, w eglowodany, skrobie w postaci naturalnej lub modyfikowanej, lipidy, woski i t luszcze. Na zdolno sc kompresji prosz-PL 203 640 B1 5 ków wp lywa wiele parametrów, w tym sk lad, rozmiar cz astek, zawarto sc wody, szybko sc i ci snienie kompresji, sposób w jaki zosta l przygotowany proszek (suszony na walcach, suszony rozpy lowo, liofi- lizowany), zdolno sc p lyni ecia i krucho sc proszku. Dalsze informacje na temat otrzymywania tabletek mo zna znale zc w klasycznych publikacjach, takich jak Pharmaceutical Powder Compaction Techno- logy (1996), wyd. Alderborn G., Nyström C, Marcel Dekker, New York. Zgodnie z jednym wykonaniem wynalazku, spienione proszki, na przyk lad spienione proszki spo zywcze, otrzymane przez wyt laczanie, suszenie rozpy lowe lub liofilizacj e, posiadaj ace wysoki sto- pie n porowato sci zamkni etej, prasuje si e w tabletki zgodnie z powy zszym opisem, a nast epnie laduje gazem t a sam a ogóln a metod a jak opisana powy zej dla wytwarzania proszków. Czas utrzymywania, na przyk lad czas poddawania ci snieniu powy zej Tg, odgrywa wa zn a rol e, a czas ladowania i obj eto sc zamkni etego gazu zale zy od warunków nape lniania i sk ladu matrycy. Mo zliwe jest tak ze bezpo srednie formowanie w tabletki ci snieniowych proszków o wysokiej po- rowato sci zamkni etej i du zej obj eto sci gazu zamkni etego, ewentualnie lacznie z innymi sk ladnikami. Poddawanie premiksu tabletek kompresji musi by c prowadzone w taki sposób, aby zachowa c znaczn a cz es c porowato sci zamkni etej. Dzi eki zastosowaniu stosunkowo niskich ci snie n kompresji, wi ekszo sc gazu ulega zachowaniu w tabletkach (pory zamkni ete), mo zna tak ze zoptymalizowa c po- rowato sc otwart a, w ten sposób poprawiaj ac parametry rozpuszczania tabletki. Je sli zmi ekczy si e proszek, na przyk lad przez podwy zszenie temperatury, cz astki mo zna prasowa c bez znacz acego p ekania, minimalizuj ac w ten sposób straty gazu w trakcie kompresji. Je sli proszek zawieraj acy gaz poddaje si e kompresji lacznie z innymi sk ladnikami proszku w celu uformowania tabletek, sk ladnik zawieraj acy gaz mo ze odgrywa c role srodka rozpuszczaj acego dla tabletek jako ca lo sci. Je sli oparte na w eglowodanach tabletki lub proszki obejmuja sk ladnik zawieraj acy gaz jako sro- dek wspomagaj acy rozpuszczanie, sk ladnik ten mo ze stanowi c od 5,0 do 70% wagowych ca lej kom- pozycji. W finalnej formulacji, sk ladnik zawieraj acy gaz na ogó l ma temperatur e mi eknienia i/lub Tg co najmniej 35°C, bardziej korzystnie co najmniej 45°C, najbardziej korzystnie co najmniej 55°C. W przy- padku gdy matryca oparta jest na amorficznym w eglowodanie, temperatura mi eknienia mo ze stano- wi c, ale nie ogranicza si e wy lacznie do Tg. Otrzymywanie cz astek i tabletek na ladowanych gazem wymaga przeniesienia i zamkni ecia ga- zu w matrycy tworz acej cz astki i tabletki, przy czym stwierdzono, ze mechanizm transportu i zamyka- nia gazu jest pochodn a sk ladu matrycy i, w szczególno sci, porowato sci zamkni etej matrycy. Gaz wchodzi do matrycy w temperaturach powy zej Tg w wyniku obni zonej lepko sci matrycy i jej zwi ekszo- nej ruchliwo sci. Optymalny zakres temperatur dla wej scia gazu do matrycy zale zy od sk ladu matrycy, ale mo ze by c z latwo sci a okre slony w konkretnym przypadku. Poni zej Tg matrycy szybko sc zamyka- nia gazu jest bardzo niska i je sli temperatura wzrasta zbyt szybko powy zej Tg, matryca wykazuje ten- dencje zapadania si e, zmniejszaj ac ilo sc zamkni etego gazu. W optymalnym zakresie temperatur, ilo sc zamkni etego gazu wzrasta wraz ze wzrostem ci snienia ladowania i ze wzrostem czasu utrzymywania do osi agni ecia równowagi pomi edzy ci snieniem wewn atrz i na zewn atrz matrycy. Zamkni ete pory w matrycy maj a zdolnosc utrzymywania gazu pod ci snieniem przez d lu zszy okres czasu i, przy za lo zeniu, ze w matrycy nie wyst epuj a zadne p ekni ecia, jego uwalnianie jest ogra- niczone przez dyfuzj e przez szklist a matryc e. Utrzymanie gazu wymaga w zwi azku z tym odpowied- niej obj eto sci porów zamkni etych po na ladowaniu ich gazem, a matryca powinna by c odporna na p e- kanie otaczaj acej j a warstwy. Nie wytwarzaj ace piany proszki lub tabletki w eglowodanowe na ogó l nie zawieraj a lub zawieraj a jedynie niewielkie ilo sci bia lka, jakkolwiek w razie potrzeby mo zna doda c mala ilosc stabilizatora pia- ny, aby otrzyma c proszek ze wst epnymi porami zamkni etymi. Odpowiednie stabilizatory piany stano- wi a zazwyczaj bia lka, takie jak kazeina lub serwatka, i mog a by c dodawane w ilo sciach na przyk lad do 5% lub 10%, ale dok ladna ilo sc nie jest decyduj aca. Proszek mo ze zawiera c dowolne nie wytwarzaja- ce piany sk ladniki, takie jak t luszcze i sole, a sk ladniki aktywne wlacza si e zgodnie z potrzeb a w za- le zno sci od przeznaczenia kompozycji. W celu wytworzenia wst epnej porowato sci zamkni etej prosz- ków mog a by c stosowane poza bia lkiem serwatki lub kazeinianem sodu sk ladniki powierzchniowo czynne, a przyk lady takich sk ladników obejmuj a saponin e, powierzchniowo czynne lipidy i inne bia lka, takie jak lizozym. Porowato sc mo zna tak ze uzyska c przez szybkie studzenie nagazowanych proszków lub tabletek, gwa ltowne odpuszczenie podwy zszonego ci snienia zewn etrznego w stanie zmi eknienia lub przez zastosowanie srodków porotwórczych, na przyk lad izobutanu lub chlorowcowanych chloro- fluorow egli, przy podwy zszonych ci snieniach i/lub temperaturach.PL 203 640 B1 6 W jednym wykonaniu wynalazku, tabletki lub proszki zawieraj a baz e napoju, na przyk lad kaw e, kakao, s lód lub herbat e. W szczególno sci stwierdzono, ze latwo rozpuszczalne lub dyspergowalne s a tabletki zawieraj ace kaw e rozpuszczaln a. Na przyk lad tabletki mog a zawiera c kaw e rozpuszczaln a, pro- szek spieniaj acy, cukier i smietank e. Przy roztwarzaniu proszku lub tabletki, cz astki zawieraj ace zamkni ety gaz p ekaj a, rozrywaj a si e lub ulegaj a rozproszeniu, zwi ekszaj ac w ten sposób pole powierzchni w la sciwej proszku lub tabletki, które u latwia zdyspergowanie i nast epnie rozpuszczenie proszku lub tabletki. Dodatkow a zalet e obecnego wynalazku stanowi fakt, ze je sli w cz astkach jest zamkni ety gaz oboj etny, jego wprowadzenie chroni wra zliwe sk ladniki aktywne wyst epuj ace w proszku lub tabletce przed oddzia lywaniem z gazami atmosferycznymi dzi eki wysyceniu proszku lub tabletki gazem oboj et- nym. Podczas przechowywania, ubytek gazu oboj etnego z bezpo sredniego otoczenia wra zliwej sub- stancji aktywnej b edzie cz esciowo kompensowany przez bardzo powolne uwalnianie gazu z matrycy zamykaj acej. W praktyce, wra zliwy sk ladnik aktywny b edzie cz esto podatny na utlenianie, a oboj etny gaz odpowiedni do jego zabezpieczenia stanowi wówczas azot, jakkolwiek równie korzystnie mo ze by c stosowany inny gaz oboj etny. Przyk lady opartych na w eglowodanach tabletek i proszków wed lug wynalazku obejmuj a nast e- puj ace: - tabletki i proszki do u zytku farmaceutycznego zawieraj ace gaz, zapewniaj acy lepsze dysper- gowanie leków, które zawieraj a; - tabletki i proszki zawieraj ace gaz do stosowania w dodatkach do zywno sci, wykazuj ace lepsz a dyspergowalno sc takich substancji jak enzymy, bakterie probiotyczne i witaminy; - tabletki i proszki zawieraj ace gaz do stosowania w zywno sci, na przyk lad rozpuszczalna zyw- nosc w proszku; tabletki zawieraj ace gaz w postaci cukierków, na przyk lad w bran zy cukierniczej, tabletki i proszki do karmienia niemowl at i tabletki do celów kulinarnych, takie jak kostki roso lowe; - tabletki lub proszki czyszcz ace, takie jak tabletki zawieraj ace srodki do czyszczenia soczewek kontaktowych; - tabletki lub gumy do zucia do czyszczenia z ebów przy zwil zeniu/ zuciu w ustach, gdzie szyb- ko sc rozpuszczania mo ze wp lywa c na wch lanianie fluorku sodu w ustach; - tabletki i proszki do spo zywania przez zwierz eta, na przyk lad pokarm dla zwierz at domowych zawieraj acy gaz, substancje smakowe i sk ladniki od zywcze, na przyk lad witaminy lub mikroorganizmy probiotyczne i ich metabolity; - tabletki i proszki zawieraj ace sk ladniki agrochemiczne, na przyk lad nawozy, pestycydy lub herbicydy; - tabletki i proszki zawieraj ace substancje kosmetyczne, na przyk lad preparaty do k apieli i pod prysznic. Nale zy rozumie c, ze technologia ta mo ze znale zc zastosowanie w innych dziedzinach, takich jak wyroby gospodarstwa domowego. Wynalazek ilustruj a nast epuj ace przyk lady. P r z y k l a d 1 - otrzymywanie tabletek i proszków. Tabletki przygotowywano z liofilizowanych amorficznych proszków (rozmiar cz astek pomi edzy 0,4 a 0,9 mm), sk ladaj acych si e z maltodekstryny DE 12 (Sugro, AG Szwajcaria) o ró znym udziale procentowym kazeinianu sodu (Säntis, AG, Szwajcaria) (Tabela 1). Tabletki ( srednica 38 mm, grubo sc 2 mm) otrzymywano przez kompresj e pod przybli zonym ci snieniem tabletkowania 260 MPa, stosuj ac typow a pras e robocz a (PRM 60 PHP, Rassant, Francja). T a b e l a 1. Kompozycja próbek stosowanych do kompresji tabletek Próbka Maltodekstryna DE 12 (% wag.) Kazeinian sodu (% wag.) 1 2 3 90 80 70 10 20 30 P r z y k l a d 2 - ladowanie gazu Procedura ladowania prób gazowym azotem jest nast epuj aca. Najpierw próbki poddaje si e dzia laniu ci snienia gazowego azotu w temperaturze pokojowej w zamkni etym autoklawie periodycz- nym (obj eto sc 5 l, typ DN 2000 (Meili S.A., Szwajcaria), ci snienie maksymalne 30x10 2 kPa. AutoklawPL 203 640 B1 7 wyposa zony jest w czujnik temperatury (PT-100, nr AC 1912, Rotronic, Szwajcaria), czujnik wilgotno- sci wzgl ednej (ED 510/354.461/105, Haenni, Szwajcaria) i mieszad lo (UFMI-F, SAIA). Nast epnie pro- szek ogrzewa si e pod ci snieniem do temperatury wy zszej od jego temperatury zeszklenia. Powy zej Tg gaz jest latwo wch laniany przez próbk e. Gaz utrzymuje si e w próbce przez odpuszczenie ci snienia w naczyniu zaraz po och lodzeniu proszku do temperatur ponizej temperatury zeszklenia proszku. Ca lkowita ilo sc poch loni etego gazu mo ze by c zmieniana przez zmiany temperatury ladowania, ci snie- nia i czasu utrzymywania w temperaturze powy zej Tg. P r z y k l a d 3 - tabletki Próbk e proszku 3 o Aw 0,32 (Przyk lad 1 powy zej) poddaje si e delikatnej kompresji (ci snienie kompresji ok. 20 kPa) i laduje do autoklawu zgodnie z metod a opisan a powy zej. Ci snienie kompresji jest znacznie ni zsze od ci snienia zazwyczaj stosowanego przy produkcji tabletek. Przez obni zanie cisnienia kompresji, otrzyma c mo zna tabletki o wy zszej porowato sci zamkni etej i otwartej. W zwi azku z tym, nale zy odnie sc si e do rysunków Fig. 1a i 1b, które przedstawiaj a tabletk e (Fig. 1) i granulat tabletki (Fig. 1b). Opis rysunków: 1 = matryca sta la; matryca z wy laczeniem porów, zarówno otwartych jak i zamkni etych, 2 = przestrzenie puste: obszary lub odstepy pomi edzy cz astkami, 3 = pory otwarte: jama lub kana l maj acy po laczenie z powierzchni a cia la sta lego, 4 = mikropor: por < 20 Å, 5 = por zamkni ety: jama niemaj aca polaczenia z powierzchni a, 6 = p ekni ecie: obj etosc cienkich p ekni ec w obr ebie matrycy sta lej, 7 = por po laczony: por w po laczeniu z innym porem lub pust a przestrzeni a. Ci snienie ladowania wynosi lo 50x10 2 kPa czas ladowania 60 minut, a temperatura 90°C. G e- stosc tabletki przed ladowaniem wynosi la 1,3532 g/cm 3 , a po ladowaniu gazem 1,3069 g/cm 3 . Po za- ladowaniu gazu, porowatosc zamkni et a oznaczono jako 13%, a porowato sc otwart a 58%, za s tabletka zawiera la 5,3 ml/g gazu, wykazuj ac lepsz a rozpuszczalnosc. P r z y k l a d 4 - proszek Sproszkowan a próbk e 2 o Aw 0,23 poddawano dzia laniu ci snienia w autoklawie zgodnie z me- tod a opisan a powy zej. Ci snienie 50x10 2 kPa czas trzymania 1 godzina, temp. 120°C. Proszek po na- gazowaniu ma porowato sc zamkni et a 52%, g esto sc 0,73 g/cm 3 i 25 ml/g. Przy rekonstytucji proszek ten ulega bardzo szybkiemu rozpuszczeniu. P r z y k l a d 5 - tabletki napoju Prasowano tabletki z dwu nast epuj acych premiksów: Próba Kawa rozpuszczalna 1 [% wag.] Proszek spieniaj acy 2 [% wag.] Sacharoza 3 [% wag.] Smietanka 4 [% wag.] 1 67 - 33 - 2 15 25 - 60 1} kawa rozpuszczalna w proszku suszona rozpy lowo 2} spieniaj acy proszek w eglowodanu (oparty na mleku) 3} sacharoza krystaliczna 4} smietanka w proszku suszona rozpy lowo Tabletki ( srednica 2 cm, grubosc ok. 7 mm, masa tabletki ok. 4 g) prasowano przy niskich do srednich ci snieniach kompresji, stosuj ac pras e tabletkarsk a r eczn a. Po sprasowaniu próbki nape lnia- no gazowy azotem. Warunki ladowania: 90x10 2 kPa i 95°C. Czas ladowania wynosi l 30 minut. Nast ep- nie prowadzono testy rozpuszczalno sci w wodzie o temperaturze 70°C. Tabletki na ladowane gazem ulega ly rozpuszczeniu znacznie szybciej ni z te nie nape lnione gazem. Próbki zawieraj ace smietank e tworzy ly równie z pewn a ilo sc piany na powierzchni napoju.PL 203 640 B1 8 PL PL PLDescription of the Invention The invention relates to hydrocarbyl matrix-based water-soluble or dispersible tablets and tablets with improved reconstitution properties in water. More specifically, the invention relates to a method of increasing the solubility or dispersibility of a matrix-based powder or tablet in a non-foaming, water-soluble or dispersible powder based on a matrix in a carbohydrate, and a water-soluble or water-dispersible tablet based on matrix in hydrocarbon Water-soluble powders and tablets based on amorphous matrices in carbohydrate are used in many fields. For example, such powders or tablets in a form suitable for human consumption are used in food, beverages, nutritional supplements, confectionery and pharmaceuticals. Alternatively, the powders or tablets may contain agents such as detergents designed to be dissolved or dispersed in water prior to use. In many cases, it is desirable to dissolve or disperse rapidly a powder or tablets upon contact with water, and, for example, poor tablet solubility is the cause of many drug bioavailability problems. The powder or tablet may contain chemicals that facilitate dissolution, usually a combination of chemicals that persist in solid form, but produce a gas when it comes into contact with water, such as a combination of acid and in the sailing or hydrogen in the sailing. In some cases, the amount of gas generating chemicals added is provided by effervescent powders or tablets. A special type of water-soluble carbohydrate powder is foams and cream powders, which, by adding the liquid, provide a foamy cream, and such powders have many uses. For example, they can be used to make milk cocks - ili ("shakes") or "cappuccino" type drinks, or those with food applications such as desserts, soups and sauces. Soluble coffee products from which "cappuccino" beverages are obtained, which are usually a dry blend of powdered soluble coffee and a soluble cream for beverages, are particularly well known. dissolving the powder produce foam, so that when water or milk (usually hot) is added, a whitened coffee drink is produced having foam on the surface that imitates, at least to some extent, the traditional random "cappuccino". Examples of carbonated soluble beverage creamers are described in EP 0 154 192 A, EP 0 450 310 A and EP 0 885 566. Soluble beverage creamers containing chemical foaming agents are also known. The formation of foam is dependent on the powder containing the ingredient, generally a protein such as casein, which has the ability to stabilize the foam. In many areas, the presence of gas-producing chemicals is inadvisable, for example because of their effect on taste and may even be prohibited. There is a need to provide water-soluble or dispersible carbohydrate-based powders and tablets with improved reconstitution properties in water, which do not require the use of adjuvants. The subject of the invention is a method of increasing the solubility or dispersibility of a matrix based on a carbohydrate powder or tablet, in which the powder or tablet of the precursor is subjected to heating under a gas pressure of 100 kPa to 20 MPa, which gas is introduced into the matrix at temperatures above its glass transition temperature Tg, this gas is trapped in the powder or tablet by cooling the powder or tablet after it is filled with gas. As a result of the process according to the invention, the powder or tablet obtains a porosity which is closed and sufficient to trap a gas therein easily dissolving or dispersing when it comes into contact with water. Preferably, the powder or tablet comprises an amorphous substance. and the matrix is carbohydrate. Preferably, the carbohydrate is sugar, starch e or modified starch e. Preferably, the carbohydrate is at least 50%, even more preferably at least 75%, and most preferably at least 90% by weight of the matrix. Preferably, the tablet further comprises protein, hydrocolloid or fat. In the method according to the invention, the gas is preferably nitrogen, carbon dioxide, air, oxygen, helium, hydrogen, argon, neon, methane, ethane, krypton, chlorine, chlorofluorocarbon or mixtures thereof. In the case of the preparation of tablets, the method of the invention preferably comprises the formation of a tablet from particles containing carbohydrate and shutting off gas in hydrocarbons. Particularly preferably, the powder or tablet is a medicament or a food product. A further object of the invention is a non-foaming, water-soluble or dispersible powder based on a carbohydrate matrix with an entrapped gas of at least 3 ml (STP) / g gas. This amount facilitates the dissolution or dispersion of the powder on contact with water. Preferably, the powder comprises an amorphous matrix of carbohydrate. Preferably, the carbohydrate is sugar, starch or modified starch e. Preferably, the carbohydrate is at least 50%. , even more preferably the carbohydrate constitutes at least 75% and most preferably at least 90% by weight of the matrix. Preferably, the powder contains less than 5% by weight of the foaming protein. Preferably, the powder comprises a foam destabilizing agent. In the powder according to the invention, preferably the gas is nitrogen, carbon dioxide, air, oxygen, helium, hydrogen, argon, neon, methane, ethane, krypton, chlorine, chlorofluorocarbon or mixtures thereof. Particularly preferably, the powder contains at least 5 ml (STP) / g gas, in particular at least 7 ml (STP) / g gas. Particularly preferably, the powder according to the invention is a medicament or a food product. Another object of the invention is a water-soluble or dispersible tablet based on a carbohydrate matrix, containing an entrapped gas and having a porous enclosure sufficient to retain the entrapped gas in an amount of at least 3 ml ( STP) / g of gas. This amount facilitates the dissolution or dispersion of the tablet on contact with water. Preferably, the tablet comprises an amorphous matrix of carbohydrates. Preferably, the carbohydrate is sugar, starch or modified starch e. Preferably, the carbohydrate is at least 50%. , even more preferably at least 75% and particularly preferably at least 90% by weight of the matrix. Preferably, the tablet further comprises protein, hydrocolloid or fat. Preferably, in the tablet according to the invention, the gas is nitrogen, carbon dioxide, air, oxygen, helium, hydrogen, argon, neon, methane, ethane, krypton, chlorine, chlorofluorocarbon or mixtures thereof. (STP) / g gas, in particular at least 7 ml (STP) / g gas. Particularly preferably, the tablet is a medicament or a food product. A more detailed description of the invention is provided below. The powders and tablets with which the present invention is concerned may be based on any hydrocarbyl or mixture suitable for hydrocarbons. Generally, a powder or tablet comprises an amorphous carbohydrate matrix that also includes other ingredients, depending on the intended use of the powder or tablet. The tablets may be composed of a matrix of carbohydrate, or more often they may contain a matrix of carbohydrate together with one or more of the other ingredients. Examples of suitable carbohydrates include sugars such as lactose, dextrose, fructose, sucrose, maltodextrin, cyclodextrins and corn syrup, starch e and modified starch e. If the tablets or powders are not edible, it may be used. any other type of water-soluble or water-dispersible starch. As stated above, the carbohydrate generally constitutes up to 50%, preferably at least 75%, more preferably at least 90% by weight of the matrix. The specificity of the matrix can be influenced by influencing, and in particular optimizing it, by adding plasticizers, anti-plasticizers, fillers, compounds influencing the formation of crystallites or arranged regions in the product, cross-linking agents, emulsify aches, stabilizing foams, dyes and binders. Such excipients preferably make up no more than 25% by weight and more preferably no more than 10% by weight of the matrix. Tablets and powders may contain substances such as protein, hydrocolloids and fat. Tablets in particular may contain one or more active ingredients, the nature of which depends on the intended use of the tablets. Preferably the tablets and powders contain no more than 7 wt% water, more preferably no more than 5 wt% water, most preferably no more than 3 wt% water. If the powder or tablet is of a non-foaming type, the composition should also contain insufficient amounts of foam stabilizing ingredients such as protein to facilitate foam formation (or no such ingredients should be present at all). , or should contain cPL 203 640 B1 4 a foam destabilizing agent. Examples of foam destabilizing agents include isopropanol, fat and lipids, sucrose, monoesters, monoester / diester mixtures and propylene glycol monostearate . In this context, the powder or tablet should not produce foam (with minimal foaming). The powders and tablets according to the present invention contain and are entrapped by a gas. It may be any suitable gas that does not adversely affect the other ingredients of the powder or tablets. If the powder or tablets are intended for human consumption as food, drink, supplement or medicine, it should be food gas. Examples of suitable gases and amounts are given above. The gas may be introduced into the powder or tablet or from a precursor thereof by any means. One suitable technique for producing powders is to provide the matrix as a porous powder and then confine it to the gas particles. The method comprises heating the powder under a gas pressure at a temperature at which the matrix softens, which temperature may be a temperature above the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the matrix. The gas enters the particles, which are charged with the gas, and the particles are solidified by cooling to trap the gas in the particles. The gas-containing particles can either be the final product of the product or can be mixed with another component of the powder to obtain a powdered final product. Porous particles can be obtained by injecting gas into an aqueous matrix concentrate having a solids content suitable for spray drying, typically greater than about 30% by weight. The gas may be injected into the aqueous matrix concentrate at a pressure of about 500 kPa to about 5 MPa, although the pressure at which the gas is injected is generally irrelevant. The carbonated aqueous matrix is then spray dried to a powder. The particles are then exposed to an inert gas under high pressure and at a temperature higher than the temperature of the matrix, which for the amorphous matrix in the carbohydrate may be equal to or close to the Tg of the matrix. Nominal pressure can be from 100 kPa to 20 MPa. The required temperature depends on the composition of the particles as it has an influence on the Tg but can easily be determined for the specific type and composition of the particles. The use of temperatures greater than 50 ° C higher than the Tg of the particles is unnecessary and should be avoided c. The increase in time generally increases the degree of gas confinement, but times from about 10 seconds to about 30 minutes are generally sufficient. The particles are then rapidly cooled or hardened to ensure that the gas is confined. Appropriate cooling procedures can be used to cool the particles. Another suitable technique for introducing gas into the particles involves injecting the gas into a molten mass of a matrix of particles containing little or no moisture, for example in an extruder. The gas can be injected at a nominal pressure of 100 kPa to 20 MPa. The required temperature will depend on the composition of the matrix as it will have an effect on the fusion temperature but can easily be determined for any type and composition of the matrix. In general, temperatures above 150 ° C should be avoided. The molten mass can then be extruded through narrow nozzles and ground to a powder. Depending on the rate at which the matrix solidifies, it may be necessary to cure or cool under pressure before forming the powder to prevent gas from escaping from the matrix. Curing or cooling is preferably carried out rapidly and the time may vary, for example, from about 10 seconds to 90 minutes. If the final product is a powder, it may be used in the form in which it is prepared by the above method, or it may be mixed with the other ingredients in powdered form. In this case, the gas containing powder may play the role of a dissolution aid for the entire powder. Any active ingredients are preferably introduced into the powder prior to the gas charge. If the final product is a tablet, it can be prepared in a conventional manner and then charged with gas. The process by which a given solid can be converted into a tablet by the application of pressure can be divided into two steps - consolidation and bonding, and the ability of the powder to form a tablet depends on the balance between deformation plastic and brittle treatment of powdered particles. Tablets can be formed by the direct compression method of a powder, and in some cases lubricants such as magnesium stearate are used to improve the firmness of the powder. In addition, binders are often used. Among the embodiments of the present invention, binders are, for example, but not limited to, carbohydrates, natural or modified starches, lipids, waxes and fatty oils. The compressibility of powders is influenced by many parameters, including composition, particle size, water content, sc rate and compression pressure, the way in which the powder was prepared (roller-dried, sprayed, freeze-dried), flowability and brittleness of the powder. Further information on the preparation of tablets can be found in classical publications such as Pharmaceutical Powder Compaction Technologies (1996), 2nd ed. Alderborn G., Nyström C, Marcel Dekker, New York. According to one embodiment of the invention, foamed powders, for example foamed food powders, obtained by extrusion, spray drying or freeze drying, having a high degree of closed porosity, are compressed into tablets as described above. and then charges the gas with the same general method as described above for the preparation of powders. A holding time, for example a time under pressure above the Tg, plays an important role, and the landing time and the trapped gas volume depend on the filling conditions and the matrix composition. It is also possible to directly form pressurized powders with a high closed porosity and a high closed gas volume into tablets, possibly together with other ingredients. The compression of the premix with tablets must be carried out in such a way as to preserve the closed porosity to a great extent. Due to the use of relatively low compression pressures, most of the gas is retained in the tablets (closed pores), it is also possible to optimize the open porosity, thus improving the dissolution parameters of the tablet. If the powder softens, for example by increasing the temperature, the particles can be compressed without significant fracture, thus minimizing gas loss during compression. If a gas-containing powder is compressed together with the other powder ingredients to form tablets, the gas-containing ingredient may play the role of a dissolving agent for the tablets as a whole. When carbohydrate-based tablets or powders include a gas-containing component as a dissolution aid, the gas component may be from 5.0 to 70% by weight of the total composition. In the final formulation, the gas component generally has a softening point and / or a Tg of at least 35 ° C, more preferably at least 45 ° C, most preferably at least 55 ° C. In the case where the matrix is based on amorphous hydrocarbon, the softening temperature may be, but is not limited to, Tg only. Obtaining gas-loaded particles and tablets requires the transfer and enclosure of gas in a matrix forming particles and tablets, and it has been found that the mechanism of gas transport and entrapment is a derivative of the matrix composition and, in particular, porous is closed this matrix. The gas enters the matrix at temperatures above the Tg as a result of the matrix's decreased viscosity and its increased mobility. The optimal temperature range for gas entry into the matrix depends on the composition of the matrix, but can easily be determined in a specific case. Below the matrix Tg, the gas entrapment rate is very low and if the temperature rises too quickly above the Tg, the matrix exhibits a collapse tendency, reducing the amount of gas entrapped. In the optimum temperature range, the amount of trapped gas increases with increasing landing pressure and with increasing holding time until reaching an equilibrium between the pressure inside and outside the matrix. The closed pores in the matrix have the ability to hold the gas under pressure for a longer period of time and, assuming that there are no fractures in the matrix, its release is limited by diffusion through the vitreous the matrices. The maintenance of the gas, therefore, requires an appropriate closed pore volume after the gas charge, and the matrix should be resistant to cracking of the surrounding layer. Non-foaming powders or carbohydrate tablets generally contain little or no protein, although a small amount of foam stabilizer can be added if necessary to obtain a powder with initial closed pores . Suitable foam stabilizers are usually proteins such as casein or whey and may be added in amounts up to, for example, 5% or 10%, but the exact amount of SC is not critical. The powder may contain any non-foaming ingredients such as fats and salts, and the active ingredients are included as needed depending on the intended use of the composition. In addition to whey protein or sodium caseinate, surfactants can be used to produce the closed initial porosity of the powders, and examples of such ingredients include saponins, surface active lipids and other proteins such as lysozyme. Porosity can also be obtained by rapid cooling of gassed powders or tablets, rapid relieving of the increased external pressure when it is changing, or by using blowing agents, for example, isobutane or halogenated chlorofluorines, at elevated temperatures. In one embodiment of the invention, the tablets or powders contain a beverage base, for example coffee, cocoa, ice or tea. In particular, it has been found that readily soluble or dispersible are tablets containing soluble coffee. For example, tablets may contain soluble coffee, frothing powder, sugar and cream. it becomes or dissipates, thereby increasing the surface area of the appropriate powder or tablet, which facilitates the dispersion and subsequent dissolution of the powder or tablet. An additional advantage of the present invention is the fact that if an inert gas is trapped in the particles, its introduction protects the sensitive active ingredients present in the powder or tablet from interaction with atmospheric gases thanks to the saturation of the powder or tablet with gas. both of them. During storage, the loss of inert gas from the immediate vicinity of the sensitive active substance will be partially compensated for by the very slow gas release from the sealing matrix. In practice, the sensitive active ingredient will often be susceptible to oxidation and the inert gas suitable for protection is then nitrogen, although another inert gas may also be advantageously used. Examples of carbohydrate-based tablets and powders according to the invention include the following: - tablets and powders for pharmaceutical use containing gas, providing better dispersion of drugs containing a; - tablets and powders containing gas for use in food additives, showing better and better dispersibility of substances such as enzymes, probiotic bacteria and vitamins; - tablets and powders containing gas for use in food, for example soluble powdered food; tablets containing gas in the form of candy, for example in the confectionery industry, tablets and powders for feeding babies, and tablets for culinary purposes, such as broth cubes; - cleaning tablets or powders, such as tablets containing contact lens cleaners; - chewing tablets or gums for cleaning the teeth when wetted / chewed in the mouth, where the rapid dissolution may affect the absorption of sodium fluoride in the mouth; - tablets and powders for consumption by animals, for example pet food containing gas, flavors and nutrients, for example vitamins or probiotic microorganisms and their metabolites; - tablets and powders containing agrochemical ingredients, for example fertilizers, pesticides or herbicides; - tablets and powders containing cosmetic substances, for example preparations for baths and showers. It should be understood that this technology may find application in other fields such as household appliances. The invention is illustrated by the following examples. P r y k l a d 1 - preparation of tablets and powders. Tablets were prepared from freeze-dried amorphous powders (particle size between 0.4 and 0.9 mm), consisting of maltodextrin DE 12 (Sugro, AG Switzerland) with different percentages of sodium caseinate (Säntis, AG, Switzerland) (Table 1). Tablets (diameter 38 mm, thickness 2 mm) were made by compression at an approximate tabletting pressure of 260 MPa, using a standard working press (PRM 60 PHP, Rassant, France). TABLE 1. Composition of samples used for compressing tablets Sample Maltodextrin DE 12 (wt.%) Sodium caseinate (wt.%) 1 2 3 90 80 70 10 20 30 Example 2 - gas charging The procedure for charging the tests with nitrogen gas is as follows . First, the samples are subjected to nitrogen gas pressure at room temperature in a closed batch autoclave (volume 5 l, type DN 2000 (Meili SA, Switzerland), maximum pressure 30x10 2 kPa. Autoclave PL 203 640 B1 7 It is equipped with a temperature sensor (PT-100, no. AC 1912, Rotronic, Switzerland), a relative humidity sensor (ED 510 / 354.461 / 105, Haenni, Switzerland) and a mixer (UFMI-F, SAIA). Then the powder is heated under pressure to a temperature higher than its glass transition temperature. Above Tg, the gas is easily absorbed by the sample. the glass transition temperature of the powder The total amount of gas absorbed may be varied by changes in the landing temperature, pressure and holding time above Tg. Example 3 - tablets Powder sample 3 o Aw 0.32 ( Example 1 above) is subject to delik low compression (compression pressure approx. 20 kPa) and loaded into the autoclave in accordance with the method described above. Compression pressure is much lower than that normally used in tablet production. By reducing the compression pressure, it is possible to obtain tablets with a higher closed and open porosity. In this connection, reference is made to figures 1a and 1b which show the tablet (Fig. 1) and the tablet granulate (Fig. 1b). Description of the drawings: 1 = constant matrix; matrix excluding pores, both open and closed, 2 = voids: areas or spaces between the particles, 3 = open pores: cavity or channel having a connection to the surface of a solid body, 4 = micropores : pores <20 Å, 5 = closed pores: cavity with no connection to the surface, 6 = cavities: volume of thin cavities within the fixed matrix, 7 = interconnected pores: pores in connection with a different time or empty space a. The charging pressure is 50x10 2 kPa, the charging time is 60 minutes and the temperature is 90 ° C. The tablet consumption before loading is 1.3532 g / cm3 and after gas loading 1.3069 g / cm3. After the gas charge, the closed porosity was measured as 13% and the porosity was open as 58%, and the tablet contained 5.3 ml / g gas, showing better solubility. P r y k l a d 4 - powder The powdered sample 2 o Aw 0.23 was subjected to pressure in an autoclave according to the method described above. Pressure 50x10 2 kPa, holding time 1 hour, temperature 120 ° C. The powder after gassing has a porosity of 52% sc closed, 0.73 g / cm 3 g / cm 3 and 25 ml / g. This powder dissolves very quickly on reconstitution. Example 5 - beverage tablets Tablets from the following two premixes were pressed: Test Soluble coffee 1 [wt.%] Blowing powder 2 [wt.%] Sucrose 3 [wt.%] Cream 4 [wt.%] 1 67 - 33 - 2 15 25 - 60 1} instant coffee, powder, spray-dried 2} foaming powder in carbohydrate (milk-based) 3} crystalline sucrose 4} cream powder, spray-dried Tablets (diameter 2 cm, thickness approx. 7 mm, tablet weight approx. 4 g) was compressed at low to medium compression pressures using an online tablet press. After compression, the sample was filled with nitrogen gas. Charge conditions: 90x10 2 kPa and 95 ° C. Charging time is 1 30 minutes. Subsequently, solubility tests were carried out in water at 70 ° C. Gas-filled tablets dissolve much faster than non-gas-filled tablets. The samples containing cream also formed a certain amount of foam on the surface of the drink.

Claims (34)

1. Zastrze zenia patentowe 1. Sposób zwi ekszania rozpuszczalno sci lub dyspergowalno sci opartego na matrycy w eglo- wodanowej proszku lub tabletki, znamienny tym, ze proszek lub tabletk e b ad z ich prekursor poddaje sie ogrzewaniu pod ci snieniem gazu wynosz acym 100 kPa do 20 MPa, który to gaz wprowadza si e do matrycy w temperaturach powy zej jej temperatury zeszklenia Tg, przy czym gaz ten zamyka si e w proszku lub tabletce na drodze ozi ebienia proszku lub tabletki po ich nape lnieniu gazem.1. Claims 1. A method of increasing the solubility or dispersibility of a matrix-based in an hydrocarbon powder or tablet, characterized in that the eb ad powder or tablet with its precursor is heated under a gas pressure of 100 kPa to 20 MPa, which gas is introduced into the die at temperatures above its glass transition temperature Tg, this gas is trapped in the powder or tablet by cooling the powder or tablet after it has been filled with gas. 2. Sposób wed lug zastrz. 1, znamienny tym, ze proszek lub tabletka zawiera amorficzn a ma- tryc e w eglowodanow a.2. The method according to claim The process of claim 1, wherein the powder or tablet comprises an amorphous carbohydrate matrix. 3. Sposób wed lug zastrz. 1 albo 2, znamienny tym, ze w eglowodan stanowi cukier, skrobi e lub modyfikowan a skrobi e.3. The method according to claim A process as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the carbohydrate is sugar, starch e or modified starch e. 4. Sposób wed lug zastrz. 1 albo 2, znamienny tym, ze w eglowodan stanowi co najmniej 50% wagowych matrycy.4. The method according to claim The matrix according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the carbohydrate constitutes at least 50% by weight of the matrix. 5. Sposób wed lug zastrz. 4, znamienny tym, ze w eglowodan stanowi co najmniej 75% wago- wych matrycy.5. The method according to claim The process of claim 4, wherein the carbohydrate constitutes at least 75% by weight of the matrix. 6. Sposób wed lug zastrz. 5, znamienny tym, ze w eglowodan stanowi co najmniej 90% wago- wych matrycy.6. The method according to claim The process of claim 5, wherein the carbohydrate constitutes at least 90% by weight of the matrix. 7. Sposób wed lug zastrz. 1 albo, 2 albo 5, albo 6, znamienny tym, ze stosuje si e tabletk e za- wierajac a ponadto bia lko, hydrokoloid lub t luszcz.7. The method according to claim A tablet according to claim 1, 2 or 5 or 6, characterized in that the tablet comprises a protein, hydrocolloid or fat. 8. Sposób wed lug zastrz. 1 albo 2, albo 5, albo 6, znamienny tym, ze gaz stanowi azot, dwu- tlenek w egla, powietrze, tlen, hel, wodór, argon, neon, metan, etan, krypton, chlor, chlorofluorow egiel lub ich mieszanin e.8. The method according to claim 3. A method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the gas is nitrogen, carbon dioxide, air, oxygen, helium, hydrogen, argon, neon, methane, ethane, krypton, chlorine, chlorofluorocarbon or mixtures thereof. . 9. Sposób wed lug zastrz. 1 znamienny tym, ze gaz wprowadza si e do cz astek poddaj ac je dzia laniu gazu pod ci snieniem, w temperaturze powy zej temperatury mi ekni ecia w eglowodanu.9. The method according to claim The method of claim 1, characterized in that the gas is introduced into the particles by subjecting them to the action of gas under pressure, at a temperature above the temperature of the carbohydrate. 10. Sposób wed lug zastrz. 1 albo 2, albo 5, albo 6, albo 9, znamienny tym, ze w przypadku sporz adzania tabletek obejmuje formowanie tabletki z cz astek zawieraj acych w eglowodan i zamyka- nie gazu w w eglowodanie na drodze ozi ebienia tabletki po jej nape lnieniu gazem.10. The method according to claim A method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that, in the case of preparation of tablets, it comprises forming the tablet from the carbohydrate-containing particles and enclosing the gas in carbohydrate by cooling the tablet after filling it with gas. 11. Sposób wed lug zastrz. 1 albo 2, albo 5, albo 6, albo 9, znamienny tym, ze proszek lub ta- bletka stanowi produkt leczniczy lub spo zywczy.11. The method according to claim A pharmaceutical composition according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the powder or tablet is a medicament or a food product. 12. Niewytwarzaj acy piany, rozpuszczalny lub dyspergowalny w wodzie proszek oparty na ma- trycy w eglowodanowej, znamienny tym, ze zawiera zamkni ety gaz w ilo sci, która wynosi co najmniej 3 ml (STP)/g gazu.12. A non-foaming, water-soluble or dispersible powder based on a carbohydrate matrix characterized in that it has an entrapped gas amount of at least 3 ml (STP) / g gas. 13. Proszek wed lug zastrz. 12, znamienny tym, ze zawiera amorficzn a matryc e w eglowodanow a.13. A powder according to claim 1 The process of claim 12, wherein the hydrocarbyl amorphous matrix is present. 14. Proszek wed lug zastrz. 12 albo 13, znamienny tym, ze w eglowodan stanowi cukier, skro- bi e lub modyfikowan a skrobi e.14. A powder according to claim The process as claimed in claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the carbohydrate is sugar, starch or modified starch e. 15. Proszek wed lug zastrz. 12 albo 13, znamienny tym, ze w eglowodan stanowi co najmniej 50% wagowych matrycy.15. Powder according to claim 1 The matrix as claimed in claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the carbohydrate constitutes at least 50% by weight of the matrix. 16. Proszek wed lug zastrz. 15, znamienny tym, ze w eglowodan stanowi co najmniej 75% wa- gowych matrycy.16. A powder according to claim The method of claim 15, wherein the carbohydrate constitutes at least 75% by weight of the matrix. 17. Proszek wed lug zastrz. 16, znamienny tym, ze w eglowodan stanowi co najmniej 90% wa- gowych matrycy.17. Powder according to claim The process of claim 16, wherein the carbohydrate constitutes at least 90% by weight of the matrix. 18. Proszek wed lug wed lug zastrz. 12 albo 13, albo 16, albo 17, znamienny tym, ze zawiera poni zej 5% wagowych wytwarzaj acego pian e bia lka.18. A powder according to claim 12 or 13 or 16 or 17, characterized in that it contains less than 5% by weight of the foam-producing protein. 19. Proszek wed lug wed lug zastrz. 12 albo 13, albo 16, albo 17, znamienny tym, ze zawiera srodek destabilizuj acy pian e.19. Powder according to claim 1 12 or 13 or 16 or 17, characterized in that it contains a foam destabilizing agent. 20. Proszek wed lug wed lug zastrz. 12 albo 13, albo 16, albo 17, znamienny tym, ze gaz sta- nowi azot, dwutlenek w egla, powietrze, tlen, hel, wodór, argon, neon, metan, etan, krypton, chlor, chlorofluorow eglowodór lub ich mieszanin e.20. A powder according to claim 1 12 or 13, 16 or 17, characterized in that the gas is nitrogen, carbon dioxide, air, oxygen, helium, hydrogen, argon, neon, methane, ethane, krypton, chlorine, chlorofluorocarbons or mixtures thereof . 21. Proszek wed lug zastrz. 12, znamienny tym, ze zawiera co najmniej 5 ml (STP)/g gazu.21. A powder according to claim The process of claim 12, comprising at least 5 ml (STP) / g gas. 22. Proszek wed lug zastrz. 21, znamienny tym, ze zawiera co najmniej 7 ml (STP)/g gazu.22. A powder according to claim 1 The process of claim 21, comprising at least 7 ml (STP) / g gas. 23. Proszek wed lug wed lug zastrz. 12 albo 13, albo 16, albo 17, albo 21, albo 22, znamienny tym, ze stanowi produkt leczniczy lub spo zywczy.23. A powder according to claim 1 12 or 13 or 16 or 17 or 21 or 22, characterized in that it is a medicament or a food product. 24. Rozpuszczalna lub dyspergowalna w wodzie tabletka oparta na matrycy w eglowodanowej, znamienna tym, ze zawiera zamkni ety gaz i posiada porowatosc zamkni et a, wystarczaj ac a, aby umo zliwi c zatrzymanie zamkni etego gazu w ilo sci, która wynosi co najmniej 3 ml (STP)/g gazu.24. A water-soluble or dispersible tablet based on a carbohydrate matrix, characterized by being entrapped in gas and having a porosity of closed porosity sufficient to allow entrapment of trapped gas in an amount of at least 3 ml (STP) / g gas. 25. Tabletka wed lug zastrz. 24, znamienna tym, ze zawiera amorficzn a matryc e w eglowodanow a.PL 203 640 B1 925. A tablet according to claim 1 24, characterized in that it contains an amorphous carbohydrate matrix. 26. Tabletka wed lug zastrz. 24 albo 25, znamienna tym, ze w eglowodan stanowi cukier, skro- bia lub modyfikowana skrobia.26. A tablet according to claim 1 24 or 25, characterized in that the carbohydrate is sugar, starch or modified starch. 27. Tabletka wed lug zastrz. 24 albo 25, znamienna tym, ze w eglowodan stanowi co najmniej 50% wagowych matrycy.27. A tablet according to claim 1 24 or 25, characterized in that the carbohydrate constitutes at least 50% by weight of the matrix. 28. Tabletka wed lug zastrz. 24 albo 25, znamienna tym, ze w eglowodan stanowi co najmniej 75% wagowych matrycy.28. A tablet according to claim 1 24 or 25, characterized in that the carbohydrate constitutes at least 75% by weight of the matrix. 29. Tabletka wed lug zastrz. 28, znamienna tym, ze w eglowodan stanowi co najmniej 90% wa- gowych matrycy.29. A tablet according to claim 1 The process of claim 28, wherein the carbohydrate constitutes at least 90% by weight of the matrix. 30. Tabletka wed lug zastrz. 24 albo 25 albo 29, znamienna tym, ze tabletka zawiera ponadto bia lko, hydrokoloid lub t luszcz.30. A tablet according to claim 1 24, 25 or 29, characterized in that the tablet further comprises protein, hydrocolloid or fat. 31. Tabletka wed lug zastrz. 24 albo 25 albo 29, znamienna tym, ze gaz stanowi azot, dwutle- nek w egla, powietrze, tlen, hel, wodór, argon, neon, metan, etan, krypton, chlor, chlorofluorow egiel lub ich mieszanin e31. A tablet according to claim 1 24, 25 or 29, characterized in that the gas is nitrogen, carbon dioxide, air, oxygen, helium, hydrogen, argon, neon, methane, ethane, krypton, chlorine, chlorofluorocarbon or mixtures thereof. 32. Tabletka wed lug zastrz. 24, znamienna tym, ze zawiera co najmniej 5 ml (STP)/g gazu.32. A tablet according to claim 1 The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 24, comprising at least 5 ml (STP) / g gas. 33. Tabletka wed lug zastrz. 32, znamienna tym, ze zawiera co najmniej 7 ml (STP)/g gazu.33. A tablet according to claim 1 The pharmaceutical composition of claim 32, comprising at least 7 ml (STP) / g gas. 34. Tabletka wed lug zastrz. 24 albo 25, albo 29, albo 32, albo 33, znamienna tym, ze stanowi produkt leczniczy lub spo zywczy.PL 203 640 B1 10 Departament Wydawnictw UP RP Cena 2,00 z l. PL PL PL34. A tablet according to claim 1 24, 25, or 29, or 32 or 33, characterized in that it is a medicinal or food product.
PL367288A 2001-02-02 2002-01-25 A method of increasing solubility or dispersibility based on a matrix in a carbohydrate powder or tablet, a non-foaming, water-soluble or dispersible powder based on a matrix in a carbohydrate and a water-soluble or dispersible tablet based on a matrix in a carbohydrate PL203640B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB0102691.3A GB0102691D0 (en) 2001-02-02 2001-02-02 Water soluable powders and tablets
GB0102691.3 2001-02-02

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
PL367288A1 PL367288A1 (en) 2005-02-21
PL203640B1 true PL203640B1 (en) 2009-10-30

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