PL20173B1

PL20173B1 - .4 "f ^ ~ J / Sciana and how to do it.

Info

Publication number: PL20173B1
Application number: PL20173A
Authority: PL
Filing date: 1931-09-23
Publication date: 1934-06-30

Description

Wynalazek dotyczy wykonywania scian z materjalu, zawierajacego cement, w któ¬ rych uzbrojone plyty laczy sie w pewnych odstepach zapomoca laczników. Wynala¬ zek dotyczy takze rusztowania do Wyko¬ nywania takich scian.Sciana wedlug wynalazku sklada sie ze stosunkowo cienkich plyt z materjalu ogniotrwalego, przyczem plyty te sa moc¬ no uzbrojone i wzajemnie polaczone. Scia¬ ny te sa bardzo lekkie, chociaz dostatecz¬ nie wytrzymale i posiadaja znaczna po¬ datnosc i elastycznosc wobec wstrzasów podziemnych.Na rysunku przedstawiony jest przy¬ klad wykonania sciany wedlug wynalazku oraz rusztowanie do budowy tejze. Fig, 1 przedstawia rusztowanie sciany w widoku zgóry, fig. 2 — gotowa sciane w przekroju poziomym, fig. 3 — rusztowanie wedlug fig. 1 w Widoku zboku, fig. 4 — lacznik do plyt sciennych w widoku perspektywicz¬ nym, fig. 5 — sciane w pionowym przekro¬ ju poprzecznym wzdluz linji 5 — 5 na fig. 2, fig. 6 — czesc sciany w przekroju pozio¬ mym w miejscu przylegania plyt formuja¬ cych, tworzacych szczeline, fig. 7 — taka sama czesc sciany z odmiennym laczni¬ kiem, wykonanym z siatki, fig. 8 — sciane w przekroju poprzecznym jak na fig. 5, lecz z lacznikami w postaci siatki, fig. 9 — w widoku perspektywicznym plyte formu¬ jaca oraz rusztowanie do podpierania jej.Rusztowanie do budowy sciany sklada sie z pionowych rur 1 i poziomych 2. Rury / i 2 sa polaczone jarzmami 3. Wpoprzekdo plaszczyzny budowanej sciany sa skie¬ rowane prety 4, umocowane w jarzmach 5 na rurach 2.Uzbrojenie 7 jest zawieszone na pre¬ tach 4. Za tern uzbrojeniem sa umieszczo¬ ne plyty formujace 6, stanowiace we¬ wnetrzna powierzchnie pojedynczej scian¬ ki. Plyty 6 znajduja sie pomiedzy kazde- mi dwoma szeregami poziomych pretów 4.Przez otwory w pretach 4 sa przesuniete trzpienie 8, które ustalaja polozenie plyt 6 wewnatrz sciany, ¦ 1 , c Przez otwory w pretach 4 sa przesunie¬ te jeszcze trzpienie 9, przeznaczone do przytrzymywania drugiego szeregu plyt 6, ustalanego w pewnym odstepie od pierw¬ szego. Poza drugim szeregiem plyt jest za¬ wieszone na pretach 4 uzbrojenie 10, za¬ bezpieczone przed zsuwaniem sie z tych pretów zapomoca plaskowników 11. Pla¬ skowniki te sa utrzymywane *w pewnym odstepie od powierzchni uzbrojenia 10 za¬ pomoca trzpieni 12, przesunietych przez otwory w pretach 4.Cale rusztowanie mozna latwo zesta¬ wic bez wzgledu na jakakolwiek nierów¬ nosc terenu. Kazda plyta moze byc prze¬ suwana nazewnatrz i jest niezalezna od innych plyt tego samego szeregu. Lacznik 14 do laczenia poszczególnych scianek jest wykonany z tasmy blaszanej i posiada przekrój katowy w celu powiekszenia jego sztywnosci.Przed narzuceniem materjalu, zawiera¬ jacego cement, zaklada sie laczniki 14 w otwory lub szczeliny uzbrojenia pomie¬ dzy plytami 6 (fig. 6), Kazdy lacznik laczy sie z uzbrojeniem 7 i 10. Laczniki 14 sa u- lozone poziomo i skosnie (fig. 5 i 6), wsku¬ tek czego powstaje plaski uklad kratowy, wspóldzialajacy z wytworzonemi scianka¬ mi, które lacznie z lacznikami tworza sze¬ reg pionowych kratownic.Stosujac dziurkowane laczniki 15 w ksztalcie plyt (fig. 7 i 8), najwlasciwsze bedzie wykonac je z blach, zaopatrzonych w otwory.,Przy uzyciu takich laczników 15 ustawia sie najpierw cale rusztowanie z plytami formujacemi 6, jak w poprzednim przykladzie, z ta róznica, ze przed zaloze¬ niem uzbrojenia 10 przytrzymuje sie cza¬ sowo drugi szefeg plyt 6. Laczniki 15 wpro¬ wadza sie w przestrzenie pomiedzy plyta¬ mi i laczy jedna krawedz laczników 15 z uzbrojeniem 7.Uzbrojenie 7 i 10 najlepiej jest wyko¬ nywac z siatki drucianej lub z blach dziur- kow&ayefo jak to* sie czesto * stosuje do wzmocnienia otynkowania.Po zalozeniu laczników 14 wzglednie 15 i uzbrojenia 7 i 10 narzuca sie na po¬ wierzchnie plyt 6 materjal, zawierajacy ce¬ ment, jako wyprawe, która zostaja otoczo¬ ne uzbrojenia 7 i 10. Wyprawa jest tez na¬ rzucana w szczeliny pomiedzy scietemi krawedziami 16 sasiednich plyt 6, wskutek czego konce laczników zostaja otoczone wyprawa i mocno z nia polaczone.W ten sposób powstaja na wewnetrz¬ nych powierzchniach utworzonych scianek pionowe zebra lub wystepy, stanowiace u- sztywnienie plyt sciennych. Wobec tego moznaby taka sciane wykonac takze bez laczników 14 lub 15. Taka sciana bez lacz¬ ników izoluje dzwiek bardziej niz pelna sciana, a wiec sciana tego rodzaju moze byc pozadana w pewnych przypadkach, w których jednoczesnie powiekszenie wytrzy¬ malosci i grubosci sciany, wynikajace z po¬ wiazania lacznikami obydwóch jej czesci, nie jest koniecznie potrzebne. W celu u- tworzenia sciany, wykonanej z jednej war¬ stwy wedlug niniejszego sposobu, pomija sie te czynnosci, które sa wymagane do wykonania podwójnej sciany plytowej.Po stwardnieniu) materjalu wyjmuje sie trzpienie 12 i usuwa plaskowniki 11K Prety 4 wyjmuje sie z jarzm 5 i obraca w ten sposób, ze trzpienie 8 i 9, znajdujace sie pomiedzy plytami, wypadaja. Nastepnie usuwa sie plyty formujace 6. Pomiedzy po¬ wstale scianki wlewa sie materjal, zawie-rajacy cement, w celu wypelnienia znaj¬ dujacej sie miedzy niemi przestrzeni, zwlaszcza w dolnej czesci, w której, one o- pieraja sie na ziemi, Przestrzen pomiedzy plytami sciennemi moze byc takze wypel¬ niona calkowicie w celu utworzenia pel¬ niej sciany.W celu wykonania podlogi wedlugn ni¬ niejszego sposobu ustawia sie rusztowanie w polozeniu poziomem zamiast pionowego.Wówczas górna plyta scienna tworzy po¬ dloge górnego pietra, a dolna plyta scien¬ na — strop dolnego pietra. Przy wykony¬ waniu stropu najwyzszego pietra górna plyta podwójnej scianki moze byc nachy¬ lona, tworzac w ten sposób dach. ; < Obydwa rodzaje laczników 14, 15 two¬ rza plaskie uklady elastyczne, poddajace sie przy naprezeniach i umozliwiajace pod¬ dawanie sie sciany wbok.Czesto pozadane jest otoczyc laczniki 14 lub 15, laczace plyty scienne, malerja- lem, zawierajacym cement. Gdy to jest wymagane, ustawia sie pierwszy szereg plyt 6 wraz z siatkowemi lacznikami po¬ miedzy tetni plytami i narzuca materjal cementowy na siatkowe laczniki, przecho¬ dzace wpoprzek przez sciane, zanim na¬ stepny szereg plyt zostanie ustawiony. PLThe invention relates to the production of walls of a material containing cement, in which the reinforced panels are joined at certain intervals by means of fasteners. The invention also relates to a scaffold for making such walls. The wall according to the invention consists of relatively thin panels of refractory material, whereby the panels are strongly reinforced and interconnected. These walls are very light, although sufficiently strong, and have considerable fiexibility and elasticity to subterranean shocks. The figure shows an example of the wall according to the invention and the scaffolding for its construction. Fig. 1 shows the wall scaffolding in a top view, Fig. 2 - finished wall in horizontal section, Fig. 3 - scaffolding according to Fig. 1 in a side view, Fig. 4 - wall panel connector in a perspective view, Fig. 5 - the wall in the vertical cross section along the line 5 - 5 in Fig. 2, Fig. 6 - the part of the wall in the horizontal section at the junction of the forming plates forming the gap, Fig. 7 - the same part of the wall with a different Fig. 8 - a wall in cross section as in Fig. 5, but with mesh-like fasteners, Fig. 9 - a perspective view of a molding board and a scaffold to support it. Scaffolding for building the wall. it consists of vertical pipes 1 and horizontal 2. The pipes / and 2 are connected by yokes 3. Crosswise to the plane of the wall being constructed there are bars 4 directed, fixed in yokes 5 on pipes 2. Reinforcement 7 is suspended on bars 4. Behind the tern the armament consists of placed shaping plates 6, constituting the inner surface Single wall surfaces. The plates 6 are located between each two rows of horizontal bars 4. Through the holes in the bars 4 there are shifted pins 8, which fix the position of the plates 6 inside the wall, ¦ 1, c Through the holes in the bars 4 there are shifted pins 9, intended for to hold the second row of plates 6 fixed at a distance from the first. Apart from the second row of plates, the reinforcement 10 is suspended on the rods 4, secured against slipping from the rods by means of flat bars 11. These plates are kept at a distance from the surface of the reinforcement 10 by means of pins 12, moved through the holes. in rails 4. The entire scaffolding can be easily erected regardless of any unevenness of the ground. Each disc can be shifted outward and is independent of other discs in the same row. The fastener 14 for joining the individual walls is made of a sheet of metal and has an angular cross-section to increase its stiffness. Before applying the material containing cement, the fasteners 14 are inserted into the holes or slots of the reinforcement between the plates 6 (Fig. 6), Each connector connects to the armaments 7 and 10. The connectors 14 are arranged horizontally and diagonally (Figs. 5 and 6), resulting in a flat lattice system, interacting with the manufactured walls, which together with the connectors form six vertical truss reg. Using punched plate-shaped fasteners 15 (fig. 7 and 8), it will be most appropriate to make them out of sheets provided with holes., With such fasteners 15 the entire scaffolding is first set up with the forming plates 6, as in the previous example , with the difference that before putting on the armor 10, the second boss of the plates 6 is temporarily held. The connectors 15 are inserted into the spaces between the plates and connect one edge of the connectors 15 with the armament m 7. Reinforcement 7 and 10 is best made of wire mesh or perforated sheets & ayefo, as it is often used to strengthen plastering. After installing fasteners 14 or 15 and reinforcement 7 and 10 are put on the board surfaces 6, a cement material as an expedition that is surrounded by armaments 7 and 10. The expedition is also thrown into the gaps between the cut edges of 16 adjacent plates 6, as a result of which the ends of the connectors are surrounded by the expedition and firmly connected to it. In this way, vertical ribs or protrusions are formed on the inner surfaces of the walls formed, which constitute the stiffening of the wall panels. Therefore, such a wall could also be made without connectors 14 or 15. Such a wall without connectors isolates sound more than a full wall, so a wall of this type may be desirable in some cases where an increase in the strength and thickness of the wall resulting from with the connection of both parts of it with fasteners, it is not necessarily needed. In order to create a wall made of a single layer according to the present method, those steps required to make a double panel wall are omitted. After the material has hardened, the pins 12 are removed and the flat bars 11K are removed. The rods 4 are removed with the yokes 5. and turns so that the pins 8 and 9, which are located between the plates, fall out. Then the forming plates are removed 6. The cement-containing material is poured between the wall formation in order to fill the space between them, especially in the lower part, where they fuse on the ground, The space between The wall panels can also be filled completely to form a full wall. To make the floor, the following method is used to place the scaffold horizontally instead of vertical. The top wall panel then forms the floor of the upper floor, and the bottom panel of the walls is ¬ na - floor of the lower floor. In the construction of a top floor ceiling, the top plate of the double-wall can be sloped, thus forming a roof. ; Both types of fasteners 14, 15 form flat elastic systems that are subject to stress and allow the wall to pass sideways. It is often desirable to surround the fasteners 14 or 15 joining the wall panels with cement-containing paint. When required, the first row of plates 6 are positioned with the mesh connectors between the hearth plates and the cement material is applied to the mesh connectors that pass through the walls before the next row of plates is aligned. PL

Claims

Patent claims. 1. A method of making reinforced walls, in which, at a certain distance from the wall of the forming plates, there is a flexible metal reinforcement, surrounded by a plaster, containing cement, applied to the wall of forming plates, which is removed after hardening of the plaster, a known terrain, that the metal reinforcement, e.g. wire mesh (7), is suspended on a removable scaffold, which also supports the wall made of molding plates, placed on one side of the reinforcement, whereby after hardening the raid and removing the wall from the molding plates and scsitik scaffolding; it only broke up with a Lerjal iibk, containing cement, and containing a flexible metal armament. »2. The method of constructing armed empty walls according to the range. L, characterized by the fact that flexible metal reinforcements (7, 10) placed in the wall (7, 10) are suspended on the grate / i, 2, 4) at a certain distance from one another and are connected by fasteners ( 14, 15) and then a plaster containing cement is imposed on the forming plates (6), forcing it from the inside to the reinforcement, with the fasteners remaining in the empty wall after removing the piping. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized by the fact that the cement mortar is partially combined with the couplings (14, 15) in order to connect them with the armaments (7, 10), so that after removing the scaffolding and the molding plates remain a solid wall in which the armaments are connected to the flexible connectors by means of a hardened expedition; 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized by the fact that after removing the scaffolding (1, 2, 4) and the forming plates (6) from the inside of the wall formed, the space between the wall plates and the cement-containing material is filled . 5. Scaffolding for making a reinforced wall according to claim 2, characterized by a structure consisting of vertical pipes (1) and a number of horizontal pipes (2) placed one above the other, on which they are fastened transversely to the plane of the wall being constructed, bars (4) for suspending armaments ( 7, 10) and the vertical forming plates (6), thus secured against shifting and tilting. 6. Scaffolding according to claim 5, the significant point is that several bars (4) arranged above each other are displaced through the gap between each two forming plates (6) and provided with transverse pins (8, 9). 12) which hold the forming plates (6) and reinforcements (7,10) next to each other / 7. Double forming wall for making hollow reinforced walls according to claim 1. 2, characterized by the fact that each wall consists of vertical forming plates (6) arranged loosely next to each other, the side edges of which are obliquely cut, as a result of which grooves are formed in which reinforcement ribs are formed from the thrown upward. 8. Double molding wall according to claim 7, characterized by the fact that the vertical forming plates (6) are set at a small distance from each other, as a result of which slots are formed for the insertion of the bars (4) of the pipes and connectors (14, 15), which are connected to the ends with the reinforcement ( 7, 10). 9. Wall, made according to claims 1 - 3, 5, 6 and 8, consisting of two relatively thin sheets of fireproof material at a distance, each of which is provided with a metal reinforcement, e.g. a wire mesh, characterized by It is noteworthy that the flexible metal reinforcements (7, 10) are connected directly by means of metal connectors (14, 15) passing transversely through the blank space between the panels of the wall. 10. A blank wall according to claim 9. A method according to claim 9, characterized in that the fasteners (14) are made of sheet metal, the cross-section of which is bent to increase the stiffness. 11. A hollow wall according to claim 9, characterized in that the metal connectors (15) are flexible. 11. A hollow wall according to claim 9. 9. The method of claim 9, characterized in that the flexible fasteners (15) are made of perforated sheets. 13. A blank wall according to claim 9 and 11, characterized by the fact that the plates of fire-resistant material on the inside are provided at the connection points of flexible armaments (1-110) and connectors (14, 15) with reinforcement teeth (16). Neal Garrett. Deputy: Dr. inz. M. Kryzan, patent attorney. To patent description No. 20173. J2 Jk ^^ JL ^ Mi s ^ \ tt & g Print by L. Boguslawski i Ski, Warsaw. PL