PL19643B1 - Cathode ray tube with a timing grid, Zarowa cathode and bank of insulating material, filled with gas or steam, and a working example of such a lamp. - Google Patents

Cathode ray tube with a timing grid, Zarowa cathode and bank of insulating material, filled with gas or steam, and a working example of such a lamp. Download PDF

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Publication number
PL19643B1
PL19643B1 PL19643A PL1964330A PL19643B1 PL 19643 B1 PL19643 B1 PL 19643B1 PL 19643 A PL19643 A PL 19643A PL 1964330 A PL1964330 A PL 1964330A PL 19643 B1 PL19643 B1 PL 19643B1
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PL
Poland
Prior art keywords
cathode
lamp
insulating material
gas
steam
Prior art date
Application number
PL19643A
Other languages
Polish (pl)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed filed Critical
Publication of PL19643B1 publication Critical patent/PL19643B1/en

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Description

Wynalazek dotyczy lampy katodowej z siatka rozrzadcza, katoda zarowa i banka z materjalu izolacyjnego, napelniona gazem lub para. Przedmiotem wynalazku jest u- lepszenie takich lamp, ulatwiajace powsta¬ wanie pradu miedzy katoda zarowa a ano¬ da lub anodami lampy.Podczas pracy lampy tego rodzaju, np. prostownika, wyladowanie miedzy katoda a anoda lub anodami ma postac luku elek¬ trycznego, zawierajacego duza ilosc elek¬ tronów i jonów dodatnich. Katoda takiej lampy moze byc rteciowa lub tez zarowa, ogrzewana zapomoca pradu z odpowiednie¬ go zródla. Jezeli katoda jest zarowa, a na¬ czynie jest wykonane z materjalu izolacyj¬ nego, np. ze szkla, to powstawanie luku elektrycznego miedzy katoda a anoda jest utrudnione wskutek nagromadzenia sie na szklanych sciankach banki ujemnego la¬ dunku, który dziala jak siatka o ujemnym potencjale.Wedlug wynalazku ten ladunek ujemny usuwa sie, stosujac elektrody pomocnicze, pomiedzy któremi a katoda odbywa sie wy¬ ladowanie, które zapobiega gromadzeniu sie ladunków ujemnych na sciankach banki, co ulatwia powstawanie luku pomiedzy e- lektrodami glównemi lampy.Rysunek blizej wyjasnia przedmiot wy¬ nalazku.Fig. 1 przedstawia uklad, zawierajacylampe katodowa wedlug wynalazku, a fig. 2 — szczególy wykonania katody zarowej, Banka lampy jest wykonana z materia¬ lu izolacyjnego i zawiera katode 11, anody 12, siatki 13 i elektrody pomocnicze 14.Banka 10, z której powietrze jest usuniete, zawiera nieznaczna ilosc pary lub gazu, np. argonu lub pary rteci, pochodzacej z kropli rteci, znajdujacej sie na dnie banki.Jak widac z fig. 2, katoda 11 sklada sie z cylindrycznej czesci 16, pokrytej tlenka¬ mi i umocowanej na drucie doprowadzaja¬ cym 17. Cylinder ten ogrzewany jest przez wlókno zarowe 18, polaczone z przewoda¬ mi 19 i 20 i przymocowane srodkiem do drutu 17.Fig. 1 przedstawia uklad prostowniko¬ wy, w którym przenoszenie energji miedzy siecia pradu zmiennego 21 a siecia pradu stalego 22 odbywa sie przez transformator 23 i lampe prostownikowa.Glówny transformator 23 posiada uzwo¬ jenie wtórne 24 ze srodkowym zaczepem, stanowiacym jeden zacisk obwodu pradu stalego 22, podczas gdy konce uzwojenia wtórnego przylaczone sa do anod 12. Drugi zacisk obwodu pradu stalego 22 jest pola¬ czony przewodem 17 z katoda 1.6 lampy.Wlókno zarowe 18 katody otrzymuje prad grzejny z transformatora 25. Elektro¬ dy pomocnicze 14, sluzace do rozpraszania ladunku, otrzymuja napiecie z wtórnego Uzwojenia 27 transformatora 26, którego srodkowy zaczep jest polaczony z katoda 16 za posrednictwem opornika 28 i dlawika 29. v Do siatek 13 jest doprowadzane zmien¬ ne napiecie o regulowanem przesunieciu fa¬ zy, otrzymywane z przesuwnika fazowego 30 poprzez transformator 31. Srodkowy za¬ czep wtórnego uzwojenia 32 tego transfor¬ matora jest polaczony z katoda 16, konce zas tego uzwojenia sa przylaczone do sia¬ tek 13 poprzez oporniki ograniczajace 33.Ten uklad polaczen umozliwia dogod¬ na regulacje napiecia obwodu pradu sta¬ lego zapomoca nastawienia przesuwnika fa¬ zowego 30, który w kazdej polowie fali na¬ piecia anodowego okresla punkt, przy któ¬ rym powstaje prad miedzy katoda 11 a anodami 12.Azeby jednak prad ten mógl powstac, wazne jest, aby nastapilo rozproszenie u- jemnego ladunku na sciance banki 10. Osia¬ ga sie to wedlug wynalazku zapomoca elek¬ trod pomocniczych 14, które sa umieszczo¬ ne wpoblizu katody i zuzywaja bardzo ma¬ lo energji. Wystarcza juz prad 0,1 amp. do wytworzenia tylu dodatnich jonów, aby u- jemny ladunek scianki szklanej zniknal.W przedstawionym na rysunku przykla¬ dzie elektrody pomocnicze 14 sa polaczone z obwodem pradu zmiennego. Moga one jednak byc takze polaczone x elektrodami glównemi lub z pomocniczym obwodem pradu stalego, zasilanym poprzez lampy katodowe. Wskutek neutralizujacego dzia¬ lania dodatnich jonów, wytworzonych skut¬ kiem wyladowania pomiedzy katoda a elek¬ trodami pomocniczemi, luk elektryczny po¬ miedzy katoda a glównemi anodami po¬ wstaje latwo, gdy potencjal siatek staje sie dodatni. Wskutek tego anody pomocnicze ulatwiaja dzialanie lampy, umozliwiajac szybkie powstawanie luku rozrzadzanego siatkami. Gdyby bowiem nie bylo anod po¬ mocniczych, to za kazdym razem przy zga¬ dnieciu luku podczas kazdej polowy okresu na sciankach banki powstawalyby ujemne ladunki, które utrudnialyby nastepujace potem powstawanie luku pomiedzy elek¬ trodami glównemi. PL PLThe invention relates to a cathode ray tube with a distribution grid, a filament cathode, and a reservoir of insulating material filled with gas or vapor. The invention is an improvement to such tubes, facilitating the generation of a current between the cathode and the anode or anodes of the tube. During operation of a tube of this type, e.g., a rectifier, the discharge between the cathode and the anode or anodes takes the form of an electric arc containing a large number of electrons and positive ions. The cathode of such a tube may be mercury or an incandescent, heated by a current from a suitable source. If the cathode is incandescent and the vessel is made of an insulating material, e.g. glass, the formation of an electric arc between the cathode and the anode is hindered by the accumulation of a negative charge on the glass walls of the vessel, which acts as a grid with a negative potential. According to the invention, this negative charge is removed by using auxiliary electrodes, between which a discharge takes place and the cathode, which prevents the accumulation of negative charges on the walls of the vessel, which facilitates the formation of an arc between the main electrodes of the lamp. The drawing explains the subject of the invention in more detail. Fig. 1 shows an arrangement comprising a cathode ray tube according to the invention, and Fig. 2 shows details of the cathode filament. The tube is made of an insulating material and comprises a cathode 11, anodes 12, grids 13 and auxiliary electrodes 14. The tube 10, from which the air is removed, contains a small amount of steam or gas, e.g. argon or mercury vapor, originating from a drop of mercury at the bottom of the tube. As can be seen from Fig. 2, the cathode 11 consists of a cylindrical part 16, coated with oxides and mounted on a supply wire 17. This cylinder is heated by a filament 18, connected to leads 19 and 20 and attached at its center to the wire 17. Fig. 1 shows a rectifier circuit in which the energy transfer between the AC network 21 and the DC network 22 takes place via a transformer 23 and a rectifier tube. The main transformer 23 has a secondary winding 24 with a center tap, which constitutes one terminal of the DC circuit 22, while the ends of the secondary winding are connected to the anodes 12. The other terminal of the DC circuit 22 is connected by a wire 17 to the cathode 1.6 of the lamp. The filament 18 of the cathode receives a heating current from the transformer 25. The auxiliary electrodes 14, serving to dissipate the charge, receive a voltage from the secondary winding 27 of the transformer 26, the center tap of which is connected to the cathode 16 via a a resistor 28 and a choke 29. A variable voltage with a regulated phase shift is supplied to the grids 13, obtained from a phase shifter 30 via a transformer 31. The middle tap of the secondary winding 32 of this transformer is connected to the cathode 16, and the ends of this winding are connected to the grids 13 via limiting resistors 33. This arrangement of connections enables a convenient regulation of the DC circuit voltage by means of the setting of the phase shifter 30, which in each half-wave of the anode voltage determines the point at which a current arises between the cathode 11 and the anodes 12. However, for this current to arise, it is important that The negative charge on the wall of the tank 10 is dissipated. This is achieved, according to the invention, by means of auxiliary electrodes 14, which are located near the cathode and consume very little energy. A current of 0.1 ampere is sufficient to produce enough positive ions to eliminate the negative charge on the glass wall. In the example shown in the drawing, the auxiliary electrodes 14 are connected to an alternating current circuit. However, they can also be connected to the main electrodes or to an auxiliary direct current circuit powered by cathode ray tubes. Due to the neutralizing effect of positive ions, produced by the discharge between the cathode and the auxiliary electrodes, an electric arc is easily formed between the cathode and the main anodes when the grid potential becomes positive. Consequently, the auxiliary anodes facilitate the lamp's operation by enabling the rapid formation of an arc controlled by the grids. Without the auxiliary anodes, negative charges would be generated on the walls of the tube each time the arc was struck during each half-cycle, hindering subsequent arc formation between the main electrodes.

PL19643A 1930-03-19 Cathode ray tube with a timing grid, Zarowa cathode and bank of insulating material, filled with gas or steam, and a working example of such a lamp. PL19643B1 (en)

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PL19643B1 true PL19643B1 (en) 1934-02-28

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