PL107549B1 - MESH OF STAINLESS METALS FOR RECOVERY OF PLATINATES, INCLUDING PLATINUM DURING AMMONIA OXIDATION - Google Patents

MESH OF STAINLESS METALS FOR RECOVERY OF PLATINATES, INCLUDING PLATINUM DURING AMMONIA OXIDATION Download PDF

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Publication number
PL107549B1
PL107549B1 PL1977199502A PL19950277A PL107549B1 PL 107549 B1 PL107549 B1 PL 107549B1 PL 1977199502 A PL1977199502 A PL 1977199502A PL 19950277 A PL19950277 A PL 19950277A PL 107549 B1 PL107549 B1 PL 107549B1
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PL
Poland
Prior art keywords
wires
mesh
recovery
metals
platinates
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Application number
PL1977199502A
Other languages
Polish (pl)
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PL199502A1 (en
Inventor
Tadeusz Retmaniak
Mieczyslaw Marek
Pawel Polak
Andrzej Brzeski
Janusz Nyc
Boleslaw Skowronski
Kazimierz Kozlowski
Antoni Springwald
Henryka Zagorna
Eugeniusz Blasiak
Jerzy Studencki
Andrzej Skalski
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Inst Nawozow Sztucznych
Mennica Panstwowa
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Application filed by Inst Nawozow Sztucznych, Mennica Panstwowa filed Critical Inst Nawozow Sztucznych
Priority to PL1977199502A priority Critical patent/PL107549B1/en
Publication of PL199502A1 publication Critical patent/PL199502A1/en
Publication of PL107549B1 publication Critical patent/PL107549B1/en

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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/584Recycling of catalysts

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Description

Przedmiotem wynalazku jest siatka z metali szlachetnych do odzyskiwania platynowców ulatu¬ jacych z katalizatora podczas reakcji, a zwlaszcza platyny podczas utleniania amoniaku w procesie produkcji tlenków azotu i kwasu azotowego.W reakcjach prowadzonych w obecnosci kata¬ lizatorów zawierajacych platynowce w tempera¬ turze zarzenia wystepuje ubytek masy metali szla¬ chetnych zawartych w katalizatorze. Czesc platy¬ nowców z katalizatora uniesiona przez- przeply¬ wajace reagenty przedostaje sie do koncowych pro¬ duktów reakcji, inna ich czesc osadza sie na we¬ wnetrznych powierzchniach reaktorów i w prze¬ wodach instalacji.Czesc ulatujacych z katalizatora platynowców jest bezpowrotnie tracona. Powstale straty wply¬ waja w znacznym stopniu na ekonomike procesu, a zwlaszcza na koszty procesu utleniania amo¬ niaku.Do odzyskiwania platyny ulatniajacej z kataliza¬ tora podczas reakcji stosowane sa siatki z palla¬ du, ze stopu palladu ze zlotem o zawartosci do 40°/o zlota, a takze siatki palladowozlote z niewiel¬ ka zawartoscia cyrkonu, toru, berylu. Najczesciej stosowane sa siatki ze stopu palladu ze zlotem o zawartosci 20°/o zlota.Siatki do odzyskiwania platyny stosowane sa o róznych 'grubosciach drutu, jednak zawsze o jed¬ nakowej grubosci drutu w jednej siatce.Siatki do odzyskiwania platyny podczas stoso- 10 20 25 80 wania staja sie kruche wskutek dyfuzji platyny do stopu palladowozlotego. W celu podwyzszenia wy¬ trzymalosci zgrzewa sie punktowo kilka siatek w pakiet, który montuje sie w instalacji na dro¬ dze przeplywu reagentów za siatkami katalitycz¬ nymi.Innym rozwiazaniem wedlug patentu polskiego nr 80333 jest stosowanie siatek przekladkowych z materialów zaroodpornych miedzy siatkami od¬ zyskowymi, a zwlaszcza siatek ze stali zarood¬ pornych.Okazalo sie jednak, ze znane sposoby podno¬ szenia wytrzymalosci i trwalosci siatek odzysko¬ wych maja niekorzystne skutki, gdyz przeplyw reagentów przez pakiet siatek zgrzanych lub roz¬ dzielonych siatkami z materialu zaroodpornego zostaje w znacznym stopniu zmniejszony wskutek dodatkowych oporów powstalych w miejscach zgrzania lub przez siatki z materialu zaroodporne¬ go. Uzyskana zwiekszona wytrzymalosc pakietu siatek utrudnia prowadzenie calego procesu kata¬ litycznego wskutek zwiekszonego spadku cisnienia.Dodatkowa niedogodnoscia stosowania siatek prze¬ kladkowych z materialu zaroodpornego jest obni¬ zenie aktywnosci siatek odzyskowych wskutek za¬ nieczyszczenia ich produktami ubytku masy siatek zaroodpornych.Siatki wedlug wynalazku usuwaja niedogod¬ nosci i niespodziewanie umozliwiaja odzyskanie wiekszych ilosci ulatujacych platynowców podczas 107 549107 549 reakcji, zatem wplywaja korzystnie na sam prze¬ bieg procesu podnoszac wydajnosc odzysku. 0 Siatka wedlug wynalazku zawiera róznej gru¬ bosci druty w splocie siatki z metali szlachetnych, które sluza do odzyskiwania platynowców.Róznice grubosci drutów i rozmieszczenie dru¬ tów grubszych w splocie zaleza od rodzaju proce¬ su katalitycznego.W procesach bezcisnieniowych, a zwlaszcza w procesach utleniania amoniaku korzystne jest stosowanie siatek o róznicy grubosci drutów w splocie od 30 do 400%. W procesach niskocisnie- niowych przydatne szczególnie sa siatki o róznicy grubosci w splocie od 50 do 600%. W procesach wysokocisnieniowych dobre sa równiez siatki o róznicy grubosci w splocie od 100 do 1000%. Róz¬ nica grubosci drutów w splocie jest powiazana z gestoscia siatki i rozmieszczeniem drutów grub¬ szych w stosunku do drutów cienszych.Korzystne jest stosowanie drutów grubszych co 10 do 10.0 drutów cienszych przy nieznacznej róznicy grubosci, zas przy znacznej róznicy wy¬ starczajace sa odstepy co 15 do 200. Druty grub¬ sze w splocie powinny byc rozmieszczone w osno¬ wie i watku, jednak i ulozenie ich jednokierun¬ kowe w osnowie lub watku jest korzystne, a zna¬ cznie ulatwia wykonanie siatki.Siatka wedlug wynalazku charakteryzuje sie znacznie podwyzszona wytrzymaloscia w stosunku do siatki z drutów o jednakowej grubosci drutu w splocie.Zlozone w pakiet siatki wedlug wynalazku sty¬ kaja sie bezposrednio ze soba, a powierzchnia po¬ szczególnych drutów jest maksymalnie wykorzy¬ stana do procesu odzysku platynowców. Siatka wedlug wynalazku korzystnie wplywa na prze¬ bieg procesu odzysku podnoszac jego wydajnosc.Przyklad 'I. W instalacji doswiadczalnej utleniania amoniaku do tlenku azotu zainstalowa¬ no wsad katalityczno-wychwytujacy. Za siatkami katalitycznymi na drodze przeplywu gazu umiesz¬ czono 2 siatki wychwytujace ze stopu zawieraja- 10 15 20 25 30 15 40 cego 80% palladu i 20% zlota wykonane splotem plóciennym o gestosci 961 oczek na cm2 z drutu okraglego. Splot zawieral w osnowie i watku dru¬ ty o srednicy 76 mikrometrów, zas co 30. drut w osnowie mial srednice 250 mikrometrów.Instalacja doswiadczalna pracowala pod cisnie¬ niem 4 atmosfer przez 5 tysiecy godzin.Równolegle w blizniaczej instalacji zainstalowa¬ no i poddano eksploatacji w identycznych warun¬ kach wsad katalityczno-wychwytujacy rózniacy sie tym, ze siatki wychwytujace wykonane byly z drutu o srednicy 76 mikrometrów i gestosci 1024 oczek na cm2.Po zdemontowaniu instalacji okazalo sie, ze siat¬ ki z drutem 250-mikrometrowym mozna bylo roz¬ laczyc, zas siatki z drutu tylko 76-mikrometrowe- go ulegaly zniszczeniu podczas prób ich rozdzie¬ lenia.Analizy chemiczne wykazaly, ze siatki z drutem 250-mikrometrowym zawieraly o 8% wiecej pla¬ tyny niz siatki wykonane tylko z drutu 76-mikro- metrowego.Zastrzezenia patentowe 1. Siatka z metali szlachetnych do odzyskiwania platynowców, a zwlaszcza platyny podczas utlenia¬ nia amoniaku, znamienna tym, ze zawiera róznej grubosci druty w splocie ze znanych metali szla¬ chetnych sluzacych do odzysku, przy czym róznica grubosci drutów wynosi od 30 do 1000%. 2. Siatka wedlug zastrz. 1, znamienna tym, ze druty grubsze w splocie rozmieszczone sa pomie¬ dzy drutami cienszymi co 10 do 200 drutów cien¬ szych. 3. Siatka wedlug zastrz. 1 albo 2, znamienna tym, ze druty grubsze w splocie ulozone sa w osnowie i watku siatki. 4. Siatka wedlug zastrz. 1 valbo 2, znamienna tym, ze druty grubsze w splocie ulozone sa jed¬ nokierunkowo w osnowie lub watku.WZGraf. Z-d 2 — 749/80 — 110 Cena 45 zl PLThe subject of the invention is a noble metal mesh for recovering the platinum metals evaporated from the catalyst during the reaction, in particular platinum during the oxidation of ammonia in the production of nitrogen oxides and nitric acid. In reactions carried out in the presence of platinum-containing catalysts, there is a loss at the flash temperature. the mass of the noble metals contained in the catalyst. Some of the platinum metals from the catalyst, carried away by the flowing reactants, get to the final reaction products, another part of them is deposited on the internal surfaces of the reactors and in the installation pipes. Some of the platinum metals escaping from the catalyst is irretrievably lost. The resulting losses significantly affect the economy of the process, especially the costs of the ammonia oxidation process. Palladium grids made of a palladium alloy with gold content up to 40 ° are used to recover the platinum that evaporates from the catalyst during the reaction. It is also about gold, as well as palladium gold grids with a small content of zirconium, thorium and beryllium. The most commonly used mesh is palladium gold alloy with a 20% gold content. Platinum recovery meshes are used with different wire thicknesses, but always with the same wire thickness in one mesh. Meshes to recover platinum during use. The materials become brittle due to the diffusion of platinum into the palladium gold alloy. In order to increase the strength, several meshes are spot-welded into a bundle, which is mounted in the installation on the path of the reagent flow behind the catalytic grids. Another solution according to the Polish patent No. 80333 is the use of interlayer meshes made of heat-resistant materials between reusable meshes. It has turned out, however, that the known methods of increasing the strength and durability of the recovered mesh have unfavorable effects, because the flow of reactants through a packet of mesh welded or separated by mesh made of a heat-resistant material is largely reduced due to additional resistances created at the places of welding or by meshes made of heat-resistant material. The obtained increased strength of the mesh packet makes it difficult to carry out the entire catalytic process due to the increased pressure drop. An additional disadvantage of the use of transfer nets made of refractory material is the reduced activity of the recovered nets due to their contamination with weight loss products of the refractory mesh. Surprisingly, they make it possible to recover larger amounts of volatilized platinum metals during the reaction, thus favorably influencing the process itself, increasing the recovery efficiency. According to the invention, the mesh according to the invention comprises wires of various thicknesses in the weave of the noble metal mesh, which serve to recover platinum metals. The differences in the thickness of the wires and the arrangement of the coarser wires in the weave depend on the type of catalytic process. In non-pressure processes, especially in ammonia oxidation, it is preferable to use meshes with a wire thickness difference of 30 to 400%. In low-pressure processes, meshes with a thickness difference of 50 to 600% are particularly useful. Nets with 100 to 1000% thickness variation in the weave are also good for high-pressure processes. The difference in the thickness of the wires in the strand is related to the density of the mesh and the arrangement of the coarse wires in relation to the thinner wires. It is preferable to use wires that are 10 to 10.0 thinner wires with a slight difference in thickness, while for a significant difference, the spacing of the wires is sufficient. 15 to 200. The coarse wires in the weave should be arranged in the warp and weft, however, and their unidirectional arrangement in the warp or weft is advantageous, and significantly facilitates the production of the mesh. According to the invention, the mesh is characterized by a significantly increased strength in relation to the mesh of wires of the same thickness of the wire in the strand. According to the invention, the mesh assembled in a bundle are in direct contact with each other, and the surface of the individual wires is maximally used for the recovery of platinum metals. The mesh according to the invention has a beneficial effect on the course of the recovery process, increasing its efficiency. In the experimental plant for the oxidation of ammonia to nitric oxide, a catalytic trap was installed. Behind the catalytic meshes in the gas flow path were placed 2 meshes made of an alloy containing 80% palladium and 20% gold made of a plain weave with a density of 961 meshes per cm 2 of circular wire. The strand contained in the warp and weft wires with a diameter of 76 micrometers, and every 30th wire in the warp had a diameter of 250 micrometers. The experimental installation worked under a pressure of 4 atmospheres for 5 thousand hours. Parallel to the twin installation was installed and put into service under identical conditions, the catalytic-catching charge differed in that the capturing nets were made of 76 micrometers in diameter and 1024 mesh densities per cm2. After dismantling the installation, it turned out that the grids with a 250-micrometer wire could be separated combined, while meshes made of only 76-micron wire were destroyed during attempts to separate them. Chemical analyzes showed that meshes with 250-micron wire contained 8% more platinum than meshes made only of 76-micron wire. Patent claims 1. A noble metal mesh for the recovery of platinum metals, especially platinum during the oxidation of ammonia, characterized by the fact that it contains wires of different thickness in sp the flight of known precious metals for recovery, the difference in thickness between the wires being 30 to 1000%. 2. Grid according to claim A method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the coarser wires in the strand are spaced between the thinner wires by 10 to 200 finer wires. 3. Grid according to claim The method of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the coarser wires in the weave are arranged in the warp and weft of the mesh. 4. Grid according to claims 1 valbo 2, characterized in that the coarser wires in the weave are arranged unidirectionally in the warp or thread. Z-d 2 - 749/80 - 110 Price PLN 45 PL

Claims (4)

Zastrzezenia patentowe 1. Siatka z metali szlachetnych do odzyskiwania platynowców, a zwlaszcza platyny podczas utlenia¬ nia amoniaku, znamienna tym, ze zawiera róznej grubosci druty w splocie ze znanych metali szla¬ chetnych sluzacych do odzysku, przy czym róznica grubosci drutów wynosi od 30 do 1000%.Claims 1. A noble metal mesh for the recovery of platinum metals, in particular platinum during the oxidation of ammonia, characterized in that it comprises wires of different thicknesses in a strand of known noble metals for recovery, with the difference in wire thickness from 30 to 1000%. 2. Siatka wedlug zastrz. 1, znamienna tym, ze druty grubsze w splocie rozmieszczone sa pomie¬ dzy drutami cienszymi co 10 do 200 drutów cien¬ szych.2. Grid according to claim A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the coarser wires in the strand are distributed between the thinner wires by 10 to 200 finer wires. 3. Siatka wedlug zastrz. 1 albo 2, znamienna tym, ze druty grubsze w splocie ulozone sa w osnowie i watku siatki.3. Grid according to claim The method of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the coarser wires in the weave are arranged in the warp and weft of the mesh. 4. Siatka wedlug zastrz. 1 valbo 2, znamienna tym, ze druty grubsze w splocie ulozone sa jed¬ nokierunkowo w osnowie lub watku. WZGraf. Z-d 2 — 749/80 — 110 Cena 45 zl PL4. Grid according to claims 1 valbo 2, characterized in that the coarser wires in the weave are arranged unidirectionally in the warp or thread. HZGRAPH. Z-d 2 - 749/80 - 110 Price PLN 45 PL
PL1977199502A 1977-07-09 1977-07-09 MESH OF STAINLESS METALS FOR RECOVERY OF PLATINATES, INCLUDING PLATINUM DURING AMMONIA OXIDATION PL107549B1 (en)

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PL1977199502A PL107549B1 (en) 1977-07-09 1977-07-09 MESH OF STAINLESS METALS FOR RECOVERY OF PLATINATES, INCLUDING PLATINUM DURING AMMONIA OXIDATION

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