PL10382B1 - Method - a device to ensure a uniform flow of electrolytes through cells designed for electrolysis of metals. - Google Patents

Method - a device to ensure a uniform flow of electrolytes through cells designed for electrolysis of metals. Download PDF

Info

Publication number
PL10382B1
PL10382B1 PL10382A PL1038228A PL10382B1 PL 10382 B1 PL10382 B1 PL 10382B1 PL 10382 A PL10382 A PL 10382A PL 1038228 A PL1038228 A PL 1038228A PL 10382 B1 PL10382 B1 PL 10382B1
Authority
PL
Poland
Prior art keywords
electrolytes
electrolysis
metals
uniform flow
electrodes
Prior art date
Application number
PL10382A
Other languages
Polish (pl)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed filed Critical
Publication of PL10382B1 publication Critical patent/PL10382B1/en

Links

Description

, Przy elektrolitycznem wydobywaniu metali na drodze mokrej, np. przy otrzy¬ mywaniu cynku, nalezy zwracac szczegól¬ na uwage na krazenie lugu. W przypadku niedostatecznego ruchu wpoblizu katody wystepuje zubozenie elektrolitu w metal, np. cynk, wskutek czego powstaja ciala gabczaste z wydzielaniem wodoru, prowa- dzacem do dotkliwych przerw1 w elektro¬ lizie.Elektrolity zwykle prowadzi sie tam i zpowrotem od jednej sciany naczynia e- lektrolitycznego do sciany przeciwleglej.W przerwach elektrolit jest pozostawiony w stopniu wiekszym lub mniejszym same¬ mu sobie w poszukiwaniu dróg przez ka¬ piel, przyczem liczy sie na to, ze ruch cie¬ czy bedzie przyspieszal wydzielanie sie na anodzie pecherzyków gazu. Rzecz prosta, ze urzadzenie podobne nie pozwala osia¬ gnac jednostajnego ruchu elektrolitu prze¬ plywajacego obok wszystkich elektrod przez ogniwa. Nie braklo wiec propozy- cyj, zmierzajacych do usuniecia powyz¬ szych niedogodnosci. Usilowano np. u- trzymac elektrolit w ruchu jednostajnym zapomoca wdmuchiwania powietrza lub zapomoca mieszadel w ksztalcie pretów, poruszajacych sie miedzy elektrodami ru¬ chem zwrotnym. Wedlug innej propozycji miedzy dolnym koncem anody a dnem na¬ czynia i górnym koncem sasiedniej katody a poziomem cieczy umieszczano komory przeplywowe w ten sposób, aby zmusic e-lektrolit do* przeplywania miedzy elektro¬ dami do góry i nadól, Wi$zys%ie";A%pon^sly nie posiadaja znaczenia* technicznego badz to wskutek wadliwego dzialania, badz tez wskutek zlozonej budowy urzadzen, gdyz w wiek¬ szych zakladach o setkach wanien moga miec widoki powodzenia tylko urzadzenia najprostsze, nie wymagajace stalej kon¬ troli i posiadajace mozliwie niewielka ilosc czesci ruchomych, ze wzgledu na wydzie¬ lajace sie pecherzyki gazu naladowane kwasnym lugiem, Aczkolwiek budowa powyzsza zapew¬ nia jednostajny ruch elektrolitu, to jednak posiada ona znaczne niedogodnosci, albo¬ wiem zastosowanie otworów przeplywo¬ wych ogranicza swobode, co do wyboru wielkosci i ksztaltu, jak równiez wzajem¬ nego rozmieszczenia anod i katod; szcze¬ gólnie niepomyslny jest prad elektrolitu skierowany nadól, gdyz wówczas prze¬ szkadza on wznoszeniu sie pecherzyków gazu.Sposób i urzadzenie, stanowiace przed¬ miot wynalazku niniejszego, czynia zadosc wszystkim wymaganiom racjonalnej pracy.Sposób ten polega na tern, ze lug wpro¬ wadza sie do ogniw zdolu w jednem lub kilku miejscach, zaleznie od budowy wa¬ nien, a pozwala mu odplywac ponad jaza¬ mi umieszczonemu po obu stronach ogniwa, a wiec prostopadle do powierzchni elek¬ trod.Nowe urzadzenie sklada sie zasadniczo z ogniwa zaopatrzonego ewentualnie w o- sadnik i posiadajacego z obu stron jedna¬ kowej wysokosci jazy. Dno ogniwa posiada ksztalt graniastoslupa, ostroslupa lub stoz¬ ka wykazujac dostateczna przestrzen po¬ miedzy dolnemi koncami elektrod i miej¬ scami wprowadzenia elektrolitu.Dna owe moga oczywiscie posiadac ksztalt graniaistoslupów, ostroslupów lub - stozków scietych, wzglednie kazde z tych ogniw moze posiadac, jak to wskazano da¬ lej, dno o kilku podobnych ksztaltach. O- sadnik mozna urzadzic np. w ten sposób, ze rure lub rury dostarczajace lug wypro¬ wadza sie ponad dno ogniwa albo tez o- sadnik umieszcza sie oddzielnie, jak to u- widoczniono na fig. 2.Rzecza jest doniosla pozostawienie do¬ statecznej przestrzeni miedzy dolnemi kon¬ cami elektrod i punktami doplywu elektro¬ litu, aby w ten sposób mozna bylo osia¬ gnac jednostajny przeplyw przez caly prze¬ krój wanny juz pod elektrodami. Jedno¬ stajnemu przeplywowi elektrolitu sprzyja dobór odpowiedniego kata nachylenia pla¬ szczyzn graniaistoslupów lub ostroslupów lub powierzchni stozkowej wzgledem po¬ ziomu.Jazy mozna wykonac w \&n sposób, ze ciagna sie one po kazdej stronie ogniwa przez cala jego szerokosc. Mozna je rów¬ niez podzielic na kilka czesci, np. tak, aby naprzeciw kazdej z krawedzi poszczegól¬ nych katod lub anod przypadal jeden jaz.W kazdym razie poszczególne katody po¬ winny stykac sie z pradem elektrolitu cala swa powierzchnia.Dla jednostajnego przeplywu rzecza jest doniosla, by jazy posiadaly wysokosc jednakowa, co mozna z latwoscia osiagnac, np, przez wstawienia cienkich plytek szkla¬ nych.Fig, 1 — 6 rysunku uwidoczniaja roz¬ maite odmiany urzadzenia, zrozumiale sa¬ me przez sie. Fig. 1 i 2 wyobrazaja prze¬ kroje podluzne; fig, 3, 4 i 5 — widoki dna i fig. 6 — przekrój jazu.Nowe urzadzenie nie posiada wiec ani czesci ruchomych, ulegajacych scieraniu, ani nie wymaga kontroli. Ulatwia ono jed¬ nostajny przeplyw elektrolitów wzdluz wszystkich elektrod, a poniewaz lug ply¬ nie wylacznie zdolu do góry, prad przeto jego oraz wznoszace sie pecherzyki gazu - wspóldzialaja ze soba. Pecherzyki gazu wzmacniaja ruch lugu i czynia go jedno¬ stajnym. Prad znowu elektrolitu skicro- — 2 —wany do góry ulatwia odrywanie sie peche¬ rzyków gazu od elektrod. Okolicznosc ta, ze wzgledu na wydzielajace sie na katodzie pecherzyki wodoru, posiada doniosle zna¬ czenie, gdyz wskutek przylegania peche¬ rzyków wodoru do katody powstaja nie¬ równosci metalu, np. osadu cynku, oraz narosty i mul, co prowadzi do krótkich spiec i wzmozonego wydzielania wodoru. PLIn wet-electrowinning of metals, for example, for zinc extraction, particular attention must be paid to the circulation of the slurry. In case of insufficient movement near the cathode, the depletion of the electrolyte in metal, e.g. zinc, occurs, resulting in the formation of spongy bodies with the evolution of hydrogen, leading to severe breaks in the electrolysis. Electrolytes are usually led there and back from one wall of the electrolytic vessel to the opposite wall. In the gaps, the electrolyte is more or less left to itself in search of paths through the bath, but it is expected that the movement of the liquid will accelerate the gas bubble at the anode. It is simple, that a similar device does not allow achieving a uniform movement of the electrolyte flowing past all the electrodes through the cells. Therefore, there were also suggestions aimed at removing the above-mentioned inconveniences. Attempts have been made, for example, to keep the electrolyte in steady motion by blowing air or by means of a rod-shaped stirrer that moves between the electrodes with a reverse motion. According to another proposal, between the lower end of the anode and the bottom of the vessel and the upper end of the adjacent cathode and the liquid level, flow chambers were placed in such a way as to force the electrolyte to flow between the electrodes up and down. ; A% below ^ s have no technical significance, either due to a malfunction, or also due to the complex structure of the devices, because in larger plants with hundreds of bathtubs, only the simplest devices, not requiring constant control and having the possible a small number of moving parts, due to the emerging gas bubbles charged with acid liquor, although the above structure ensures a uniform movement of the electrolyte, it has significant drawbacks, or the use of flow holes restricts the freedom as to the choice of size and shape, as well as the mutual arrangement of the anodes and cathodes; the electrolyte current directed above is particularly unfortunate, because then It prevents the rising of the gas bubbles. The method and apparatus which is the subject of the present invention satisfies all the requirements of rational work. This method is based on the fact that the slug is introduced into the cells by one or more places, depending on it is built to be important, and allows it to float above the weirs located on both sides of the cell, i.e. perpendicular to the electrode surface. The new device essentially consists of a cell, possibly equipped with a pouch and having the same height on both sides weirs. The bottom of the cell is in the shape of a prism, pyramid or cone, with sufficient space between the lower ends of the electrodes and the electrolyte injection sites. The cell bottoms may of course be in the shape of prisms, pyramids or truncated cones, or each of these cells may have this is indicated below, a bottom of several similar shapes. The mouthpiece can be arranged, for example, such that the tubing or tubes for supplying the lug extends over the bottom of the cell, or the mouthpiece is placed separately, as shown in Fig. 2. It is important to leave a sufficiently stable cell. space between the lower ends of the electrodes and the electrolyte inflow points, so that a uniform flow can thus be achieved through the entire cross-section of the tub already under the electrodes. The uniform flow of electrolyte is favored by the selection of an appropriate angle of inclination of the tops of the ridges or pyramids, or of the conical surface with respect to the horizontal. Weirs can be made in a way that they extend on each side of the cell through its entire width. They can also be divided into several parts, e.g. so that there is one weir opposite each of the edges of the individual cathodes or anodes. In any case, the individual cathodes should touch the entire surface of the electrolyte current. is reported that the weirs have the same height, which can easily be achieved, for example, by inserting thin glass plates. Figures 1 to 6 of the figures show the various variations of the device, which are understandable by each other. 1 and 2 show longitudinal sections; 3, 4 and 5 are bottom views and 6 is a cross section of the weir. The new device has neither rims nor moving parts subject to abrasion, nor does it require inspection. It facilitates the uniform flow of electrolytes along all the electrodes, and since the lint only flows upwards, the current and the rising gas bubbles interact with each other. The gas bubbles increase the movement of the slug and make it uniform. The electrolyte current, skimmed upwards, facilitates the detachment of the gas bubbles from the electrodes. This circumstance, due to the hydrogen bubbles emitted on the cathode, is of great importance, as due to the adhesion of the hydrogen bubbles to the cathode, metal inequalities, e.g. zinc deposits, as well as deposits and silt, are formed, which lead to short sintering and increased hydrogen evolution. PL

Claims (3)

Zastrzezenia patentowe. 1. Sposób zapewnienia jednostajnego przeplywu elektrolitów przez ogniwa elek¬ trolityczne do elektrolizy metali, znamien¬ ny tem, ze elektrolit przeplywa wzdluz wszystkich elektrod zdolu do góry, zmu¬ szamy do tego jazami umieszczonemi po obu stronach ogniwa. Patent claims. 1. The method of ensuring a uniform flow of electrolytes through electrolytic cells for electrolysis of metals, characterized by the fact that the electrolyte flows along all the electrodes upwards, is forced to this by weirs placed on both sides of the cell. 2. Urzadzenie do wykonania sposobu wedlug zastrz. 1, znamienne tem, ze skla¬ da sie z ogniw zaopatrzonych po obu stro¬ nach w jazy jednakowej wysokosci oraz ewentualnie w osadnik, o dnach najko¬ rzystniej (w ksztalcie graniastoslupów, o- stroslupów lub stozków, przyczem miedzy dolnemi koncaimi elektrod a punktami do¬ plywu elektrolitów znajduje sie dostatecz¬ na przestrzen. 2. A device for carrying out the method according to claim 1, characterized in that it consists of cells provided on both sides with weirs of the same height and possibly with a sedimentation basin, most preferably with bottoms (in the shape of prisms, spines or cones, connection between the lower ends of the electrodes and the points there is sufficient space for the influx of electrolytes. 3. Urzadzenie wedlug zastrz. 1, zna¬ mienne tem, ze dno ogniwa posiada wy¬ drazenia o ksztalcie graniastoslupów, o- stroslupów lub stozków. I. G. Farbenindustric Aktiengesellschaft. Zastepca: M. Skrzypkowski, rzecznik patentowy.Do opisu patentowego Nr 10382. F/, 1 F/a. 2. fc 1 ftg.3. \ f/g 4 Fig 5 r, 9- 6. (— ° ~J Druk L. Boguslawskiego, Warszawa. PL3. Device according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the bottom of the cell has expressions in the shape of prisms, poles or cones. I. G. Farbenindustric Aktiengesellschaft. Deputy: M. Skrzypkowski, patent attorney. To the patent description No. 10382. F /, 1 F / a. 2. fc 1 ftg. 3. \ f / g 4 Fig 5 r, 9-6 (- ° ~ J Druk L. Boguslawski, Warsaw. PL
PL10382A 1928-02-20 Method - a device to ensure a uniform flow of electrolytes through cells designed for electrolysis of metals. PL10382B1 (en)

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
PL10382B1 true PL10382B1 (en) 1929-05-31

Family

ID=

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US8454818B2 (en) Method for operating copper electrolysis cells
RU93039970A (en) MULTIMONOPOLAR ELEMENT AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING ALUMINUM BY ELECTROLYSIS, ASSEMBLY OF ANODES IN THIS ELEMENT, INDEXPRESSIBLE ANODE AND METHOD OF CONVERTING AN ELECTROLYTIC ELEMENT TO A MULTIMELOMENTOL
CN106868543B (en) Electrolytic refining system and method for crude copper with high precious metal content
US3708415A (en) Rapid action electrolytic cell
PL10382B1 (en) Method - a device to ensure a uniform flow of electrolytes through cells designed for electrolysis of metals.
SU1364243A3 (en) Electrolyzer with horizontal mercury cathode
AU691968B2 (en) Process for the electrochemical recovery of the metals copper, zinc, lead, nickel or cobalt
CN105332006A (en) Silver electrolysis device and process
US9976222B2 (en) Bubble collector guide and use thereof
US3907651A (en) Method for the molten salt electrolytic production of metals from metal chlorides and electrolyzer for carrying out the method
US2713555A (en) Electrolytic refining of antimony
US1831934A (en) Electrolytic apparatus
US1092369A (en) Process of making chlorates and apparatus therefor.
US6835297B1 (en) High current density electrolytic decomposition process for copper
CN205398743U (en) Permanent stainless steel method copper electrolysis intermittent type places electrolysis trough of two groove negative plates phase
US3118827A (en) Fused salt electrolysis cell
DE513188C (en) Cell for metal electrolysis
US1486546A (en) Electrolytic separation
US3832296A (en) Electrowinning cell and method with provision for electrolyte circulation
JP2794815B2 (en) Gold electrolytic smelting equipment
RU147934U1 (en) ELECTROLYZER FOR EXTRACTION OF GALLIUM FROM ALKALINE ALUMINATE SOLUTIONS OF THE BAYER PROCESS
US779735A (en) Electrolysis.
US850127A (en) Electrolytic apparatus.
JP2007231403A (en) Treatment device for used electrolyte in lead storage battery
DE265168C (en)