PH27201A - Stationary armature having toroidal winding for homopolar machine (unified field power converter) - Google Patents

Description

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FIELD OF THE INVENTION

/ This invention relates generally to the new high temperature superconducting rotary power converter and pertains more particularly to a brushless homopolar machines ’ 5 utilizing a stationary armature having toroidal winding and ~ practices for fabrication thereof, and to operate as such, so : So as a free energy device. ’ HE J BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION } : BE The homopolar or acyclic machine has undergone a lot of changes and improvement since the Faraday's disc of 1831. . ’ | The one-piece Faraday's generator which exhibit an

To oo OVER-UNITY OUTPUT, also known as the "N" machine was the first of it's kind as a free energy device. - The leading researchers along this field are Bruce De

Palme of M.I.T. Tom Valone of Buffalo, N.Y. and the latest

Trombly~-/Kahn which has been issued an international patent . on this present art which is listed as HO2K31/100, 39/00 and fully describes the details and specifics of the new type of "N® machine. . co ~ 70 he "N" machine basically consists of high’: speed : - cylindrical permanent magnet from which electrical current (positive charge) with the circuit connection with brushes to . | nade 18 the same manner as the homopolar dlsc-generators. ) These electrical generating units have been the tiret and 25. simp fest machines which exhibit an over-unity output, but | : only at very high speed levels of approximately 8000 ‘cpm "and higher. ' ; : : ‘This high speed level only confirms my Theory that the : | Threshold Peripheral Velocity Constant is 27,831

IP | -2- | oo .

CL Gow yao! meters/minute, which L derived mathematically based on the fact that Planet Earth is a sample of "N" machine in the Macro-lavel.

Although all this "N" machines exhibit an over-unity output they have one common defect of having a brush system: 1ike any | A other. homopolar device. The inventor filed a patent in 1986 the

Brushless homopolar machine using superconducting materials and = was issued on January 13, 1988 a Philippine Patent ‘121687 but the improvement while the patent was pending in’ material . science, in the field of superconductivity were leaps and bounds : ‘ 10 likewise with the new concept in power generation the STRAW cont igurat ion in conjunction with the ADDAPPIND mode tachintque. : The search for high temperature superconduct Lvity and the

Co novel. superconducting mechanism is one of the most . challenging - : task of condensed matter for physicist and material sctentiats. oo. 15 To dbtain a superconducting state reaching beyond the to ae peychological temperature barrier of 77 K, the 14quia ‘nitrogen : oo | boi 14g point and the technoloyical room temperature ‘barrier of 293 Kat ambient pressure, will be one of the greatest triumphs : of scientific endeavor for this kind. As of March 1987; ve have - 20 passed the 240K or 53 K short to the: technoidgi¢al room tempevature barrier of 293 K. WL ! he design and construction of all types of geneEators and - motors are based upon the facts: 1) That an emf is developed in nu a conductor {or set of conductors) subjected to the ction of a Co } " 25 magnetic field in such a manner the conductors either cut across the Tires of magnetic force or is cut by them and: 2, that a condisskor (or met of conductors) suitably place inia ‘magnetic ‘ £118] is acted upon by a mechanical force (Lorents force) when

Co it io’ made to carry an electrical current se1t-suppl isd or by

Su : oo ee ae 20! , some’ outside source. The first fact is characteristic of : generator action, the second of motor action. Every generator consists of suitably connected conductors so disposed that emf : maybe induced in them by the influence of a magnetic field - 5 moving in space relative to the conductors. Current will be produced when this active conductors form part of a circuit that is closed thru an external circuit. On the other hand, motor action will be produced by the same set of conductors suitably located in a magnetic field when current, whether self-generated, or from an external source is passed thru them. . The traditional dynamo, i= a unique device having dual aspect. of being a reversible and irreversible machine. it is reversible because it is capable of operating as motor or as a generator. Functionally, it is irreversible, although it produces what it consumes it cannot and will not cohisumes what it produces. In other words, whether run in motor mode or : : generator mode this very unique machine produces what it

Tl consumes, but unfortunately in the opposite direction that makes - it patasitic. - PE © 20 A dynamo when run as motor has two (2) opposite emf the impressed or the applied from the outside source and the induced back nt due to generator action in a motor. i - “A dynamo when run as a generator has two (2) opposing torque, the driving torque and the electromagnetic tote due to . | 25 Lorentz force or motor action in a generator. o ;

Nore: When You load the dynamo, this is where the similarity : 1. When you load the motor, the oppsaing force Co . counter ert decreases : x ; ~4- oo

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Lo 2. when you load the generator, the opposing force, : coimter torque increases. - © For any given field polarity, the direction of armature current determine the direction of rotation of the . ] 5 rotor. p . In the traditional machine, the vector diagram of the applied emf and induced emf is 180 degrees out of phase with each other, likewise, with the applied current and the induced current.

The back emf or generator action in a motor always ~ opposes the applied or impressed emf from outaide source,

Likewise, the Lorentz force or motor action in a generator alvays opposses the driving torque per Lenz Law. * fe By utilizing the stationary armature having toroidal

C15 wihding a new concept in power generation, it cencias the I physical and geometrical constraints in the traditional _ power converters, thereby circumvent the back. et and counter torque per Lenz Law. pi

A In other words, the stationary armature having toroidal winding is a new concept in power geperation, : ‘hetetn it utilizes the dual function of the load. éurrent 2s ¥ the input current to self-power/drive the generator. his is the inverse function of dynamic braking, the

ADDAPPIND mode technique. : ] 25 ol In passing, it's worthwhile to mention John Ecklin stationary armature generator (SAG) concept has inspired and produced a veciay of spine if dagion besad i Ue grinc.ple : > _ ~5- . , oo : Ce ——— —

BN oo - pe : of elreumventing back EMF as established by Lenz Lav. : .

CL ‘In 1975 Ecklin U.S. Patent #3,879,622 spurred interest in his eoncept which essentially comprised of spinning soft {ron : | shield, or shutter between two permanent magnet " thereby - 5 introducing the magnetic lines of force. The shietd serve to reverse the magnetic field within stationary central’ coll, and thereby circumvent the back EMF per Lenz Law. Co

The advantages of the present invention over the prior art of free energy devices and over-unity output machines mentioned above is the inherent flexibility or versatility capable to adapt | itself to a wide range of current input fron zero to : - - : infinity. This was made possible by the stationaty armature having toroidal winding a new concept in power generation, “when used An conjunction with the advances in material science (1.0. 18 ew ' pecsanent magnet alloy Fe, PI the new high ‘tefperature oo supezEonductor Cu-Ba-y-0. compound). Bi - ) he high temperature superconductor is used Herein a a genedic sense, this include any and all high “temperature

Kr co ) superdonductor vhose transition temperature starts with the HE “4 20 above peychological temperature barrier of 77 K' the liquid R

So nitcogen boiling point and above the technoigical room

Co i temperature barrier of 293 k at ‘ambient pressure having zero resistance with high critical field and high critiéal current . | 25 : gain, {t's worthwhile to mention that the high. tesperature supserdonductor ceramic Cu-Ba-Y-O compound is inherently brittle and therefore cannot be used directly in the stator br rotor of the. pover converter. To be usable, it had to be “Plasine Spray" to . suitable substrate {i.e. stainless steel). Es bo a Cg

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SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

: The primary object of this {nverition is to utilize the load current. that produces lorentz force or electromagnetic torque to self-power/drive the generator. . 5 | The secondary object of this invention is to unite and

J merge the applied and induced voltage, so that they will have oo : : the same polarity and direction.

Another object of the invention is to unite and merge the applied and induced current, so that they will have the same ~ 10 polarity and direction. .

OJ A further object of the invention is to use the new high ’

J) . i - A temperature superconductor (i.e. the Cu-Ba-Y-O compound). > 1 In attaining the foregoing and other objects, the invention

CT provides, in its particularly preferred embodiment, a homopolar - | 15 KE machine in which both the stator and rotor fields are i : constituted by respective superconductive means both supporting "persistent currents" or field maintenance. The geometries of : the stator and rotor superconductive means differ mutually such : that the respective fields are continucusly misaligned =~ 20 orthogonally to provide meximum enduring torque. In this embodiment, a zero entropy conditon is maintained during machine operation with or without suitable cryostat containment of both - stator and rotor high temperature superconductors. The stator ) and rotor fields are continued, once established, without : ] 25 electrical power input to the stator or rotor for field saintenance throughout machine operation. Environmental temperature and magnetic field conditions are maintained during machine operation at levels below those which would render the superconductive constitvents in long term “normal atate. In

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RAR 1 Gc . jd Eee } nd 7. alternative embodiments, using the straw configuration, the : 3 $i . invention contemplates operation of brushless homopolar devices

Te *. of the invention without: cryostat containment of rotor or stator : gL "." components through the use of perwanent magnetic materials of , = eal Sits. re Lo . CL : . gs "high intrinsic coercive force (i.e. neodymium iron boron, rare

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B70. earth cobalt alloy) in combination with or without magnetically oo i hats LT

Ir soft waterials in lieu of superconductive materials. nu a 2. The foregoing and other objects and features of the Lo ~ la "%¥ invention will be further understood from the following detailed tH i Ga description of preferred embodiments thereof and practices . i /P TTT :

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Ei numerals identify like parts throughout. x i 4 DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS : ~

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Boe” 7 FIGURB 1 (A to P) are basic concepts used in practicing the go 08 inventions : : ET . ’ : 118 00 FIGURE 2-1 (A to D) is.a schematic diagram of, dynamic braking:

Breda ~ PIGURE 2~2A is a perspective view of the annular dipole; / he FIGURE 2-2B is a graph of magnetization level of superconductor 3 EE material; : os Le

Co FIGURE 2-2C is a perspective view of a toroid configured core in oo 20 ©. form of a hollow cylindrical drum;

Lo J FIGURE 2-3 is a schematic diagram of unifying the applied and tr induced current and is helpful in understanding fabrication © "7 techniques in accordance with the invention; 2S . vo FIGURE 3-1 (A to C) is a perspective view of a homopolar machine components having respective diverse orientations and . : magnetization and is helpful in undertanding fabrication - technique in accordance with the invention; :

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3 | ee i , FIGURE 3 illustrate machine configuration in accordance with the invention: and

FIGURE 4 is a schematic diagram of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS AND PRACTICES

Co 5 Referring to Fig. 1, A to D inclusive is an event happening . in the conventional machine because of geometrical constraint.

As shown in Fig. 1A conductor C is at rest in a stationary ’ field. Fig. 1B is that when the conductor C is pushed down across the field it induces a voltage in the conductor C by electro magnetic induction. ' Fig. 1C, inducing voltage causes current to flow in the ‘conductor and magnetic filed M will build up around the conductor (left hand rule). Fig. 1D with the magnetic field MF produced by magnets N and S and with the ' induced voltage to the conductor C thera will be in upward reaction of the conductor.

Rédésigning the armature, we will be able to induce an opposite voltage and current as shown in Pig. 1-E and F thereby aiding the downward push or making it redundant. As shown in

Fig. JIE inducing or opposite voltage to the conductor C it

Te 20 causes current to flow in the conductor and a magnetic field is built-up around said conductor and that in Fig. 1F there will a downward reaction of the conductor.

The inventor performed the following experiment shown in - Fig. 2A to D inclusive to prove the feasibility of his invention. Referring now to Fig. 2A and D in the motor mode ) fashion we connect a d.c. source i.e. battery 13 to terminals 22 and 33 of armature winding A noting the polarity as shown, due to Lorentz force, magnet 15 will swing to the left (as shown by arrow 44) as shown-in Fig. 2A and D. oo - on :

. , In the generator mode fashion a zero centered galvanometer

G is connected to terminals 22 and 33 with polarity as shown. : : | _ When we swing the magnet to the left (as shown by arrow 44) that / is in the same direction as in the motor mode condition, the zero centered galvanometer will swing to the right in the normal direction. This prove that the direction of the applied and induced current are one and the same.

The same experiment was repeated to Fig. 2B and C producing the same result that is the induced current and the oo 10 applied current are having one and the same direction. Noting that the direction of the magnet swing is opposite that of Fig. . Co 2A and D because magnet polarity depends upon direction of current flow and direction of winding. )

It could be appreciated that the same experiment could be 15. well extended to 3 stationary armature having toroidal winding , rig. 2-1(a) Fig. 2-2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4. After all & toroidal ring ls an infinitely long solenoid. oo his: experiments proves an important breakthréugh in the ’ : concept of energy generation i.e. assiting e.m.f. and assisting

TL torque in lieu of counter emf and counter torque in motor mode and generator mode fashion respectively. | . - : Ha. 2-1 dynamic braking process prelude io inverse a function. Consider a PM motor M whose armature is corinect ed to a sotirce EB, by means of a switch 8, and S, the atrection of the 8 arwatire current I, and polarity of the cemf Fr, are shown in : | rig: 2-1 (A). Neglecting the armature IR drop E 18 equal to oo By | we oo -10- oo ! S40 oo | aM ,

If we suddenly open the switch as shown in Fig. 2-1 (B) the motor continues to #urn but its speed will gradually drop owing to friction and windage losses. On the other hand because this is a PM motor M the field is atill excited induced voltage E, continues to exist, falling at the same rate as the speed. In easence, the motor is now a generator whose armature is an open o circuit. ’

Closing the switch so that the armature is. ‘suddenly connected to an external resistor R Fig. 2-1 C voltage B, will g | “10 immediately produce an armature current I,. However, this current flows in the opposite direction of the original current

I,. It follows that a reverse torque is developed whose magnitude depends upon I,. The reverse torque bring the machine to a rapid but very smooth stop. In practice, resistor R is chosen so that the initial braking current is about" twice the rated ‘motor current. The initial braking torgque is then twice the notmal torque of the motor.

Let us now consiser a P.M. motor having a stationary armature having toroidal winding. Fig. 2-1D. Procedure in Fig. = 20 2-1 A and B was repeated wherein the PM motor aimature is connected to a D.C. source E_ as in Fig. 2-1A. Then the switch ’ is suddenly open with the armature on open circuit generating a } voltage E, as in Fig. 2-1 B. While still coasting, we suddenly = connect. it to the external load resistor R. Fig. 2-1p voltage } 25 E, vill immediately produce an armature current I, However, this current flows in the same direction of the original _ current 1I,, in so doing the power converter will turn - continuously devoid of an outside power source. This is the inverse function of dynamic braking. Referring to Fig. 2-2 (A) annulde dipole 15 comprises of a cylindrical rotor for use in practicing the invention and may be fabricated of the new high temperature superconductor Cu~Ba-Y-O compound since the ceramic

S superconductor is basically a brittle compound, the use of plasma are torch, whereby the Cu-Ba-¥-O compound powders are prayed together onto a substrate (i.e. copper or stainless stell). A plasma sprayed Cu-Ba-Y-O compound will result simple and more economic conductor form. Also, any high temperature superconductor produced either by vapor deposition or by aiftuston processing, as known in the art. In accordance with other practices which have evolved in the superconductor art, the rotor may be inclusive of copper stabilization and stainless steel “cladding .

Hot shown in the drawing is the magnetizing fixture for the said rotor for use in orientation and magnetization of annular dipole 15 for purposes noted below.

Fig. 2-2 B is a graph of magnetization level (H') of any superconductor material, i.e., a material capable of being rendered superconductive, on exposure to an external magnetic field (H) used for "charging" purposes. For a high temperature superconductor specimen, when the external magnetic field is increased, under proper temperature enviromment, to a value . sufficiently larger than an assigned critical level Ho a magnetic field of level Hy will remain in the specimen, upon removal of the external magnetic field. The magnetic field is sald ‘to be "trapped" in the specimen and is maintained by an undetiying "persistent current” in the specimen and is maintained by an underlying "persistent current" induced in the

Co ) JB specimen by such practice. The values of the critical field ’ levels and the shape of the Fig. 2-2B curve vary widely, depending won the kind of superconductor material, . microstructure of the material inclusive of defects, such as : 5 dislocation and precipitation, geometry and dimensions of the : specimen, cooling thereof, and the like.

Co Based upon the aiaposition of winding 4 reiative to core 28 in Fig. 2-2 (C) charging and hence persistent (induced) current

Co. follows the direction indicated for I in the central portion of . “10 Pig. 3-1, labelled "TOROID". Persistent flux is accordingly ' To circumferential of the core, as per the direction indication B . also shown in the central portion of Fig. 3-1. The core may accordingly be characterized as of toroid configuration and - | afinularly oriented and magnatized. Otherwise stated, a first type of orientation and magnetization is established, wherein / Co 5 oy current is induced axially of the core and flux lines attendant wo on the resulting persistent current reside in concentric circles

Co circunferential to the core. . Whereas the stator configuration discussed above is / ae | 20 circunferentially oriented and magnetized, the rotor component counterpart thereto in accordances with the invention is required to provide a magnetic field of other alignment. To this end, : rotor are fabricated in configuration labelled "DIPOLE" in the upper part of Fig. 3-1. Considering rotor components identified ’ S28 by the reference numerals 15 in Figs. 2-2 (A) and Fig. 3, such components are subjected, incharging, to an external magnetic field whose flux lines B extend in the direction indicated in

Fig. 311 upper part, thereby inducing current circuiferentially in the component. - With charging proceeding to the ‘critical i Co | a ABA level (He) for the core material, the induced current persists and replicates the charging magnetic field as the same is extinguised, thereby providing a radially dipole-configured component . : The respective rotor and stator fielde established and maintained by persistent currents are in mutually orthogonal misalignment in the foregoing embodiments, giving rise to maximum enduring rotational force there between due to Lorentz force.

While such configurations, i.e., toroid and dipole, may represent an ideal for torque maximization, other diverse : configurations will suffice in providing sufficient field : misalignment for sustaining rotation under load conditions. in the particularly preferred embodiments wherein both the ; stator and rotor are superconductor constituted, the new high temperature superconductor, ‘Cu-Ba~-Y-O compound and the like, ace particularly contemplated for the superconductor constituents.

As stated before, the high temperature superconductor is used here in a generic sense, this include all and any high temperature superconductor whose transition temperature starts with the above psychological temperature barrier of 77K the liquid nitrogen boiling point and above the technological room temperature barrier of 293K at ambient : pressure having zero resistance with high critical field and - high’ -critical current density.

In room temperature . © 25 environments, suitable materials for constituting the stator and rotor ‘ include the high intrinsic coercive force permanent magnet materials, i.e. rare earth cobalt alloys and neodymium iron boron.

In carefully screened environments or in ~-14~ ) } . Tees om i -. : ced oo A 4 ap!

A X - environments in which low environmental magnetic fields exist, the invention further contemplates the use of magnetically soft materials with high intrinsic induction and low magnetizing force characteristics, for example, materials identified by the trade names Supermendur, Deltamax, Permalloy, et.. In ’ accordance with the invention, use of such materials is predicated on orientation and magnetization thereof as heretofore prescribed and summarized below.

In the charging os superconductor materials or in the orientation and magnetization of non-superconductor materials, the invention requires prepartion thereof, respectively for stator or rotor, such that the resultant magnetic fields are misaligned relative to one another orthogonally. . i in the principal configuration, the rotor is dipole-contigured, i.e., is charged as a ¢superconductor by a winding which induces a circumferential Sorrent therein and hence’ a radial magnetic field, and the stator is torold-contigured, i.e., is charged as a superconductor by a 3 winding which induces an axial current therein and hence a: circumferential magnetic field, or vice versa. Charging may be alternatively accomplished by use of external magnetic field of orientation and magnetization which are replicate of the desired magnetic field to be provided by the homopolar. machine components. - While the foregoing discussion has been limited in the main to the fabrication of homopolar motors, the invention contemplates the provision of expanded devices for current generation, wherein mechanical input is derived from homopolar motors per the rivent ion, or for dynamotor applications.

oo LHL) he alternative embodimente using stationary armature

J! Co having toroidal winding the invention contemplates operation of brushless homopolar devices of the invention without cryostat containment of rotor or stator components thru the use of “ 5 - permanent magnetic materials of high intrinsic coercive force }

Po combined with magnetically soft materials, in lieu of . superconductor materials. Referring now to Fig. 3 in relation o to Fig. 2-2 A and C. The cylindrical annular dipole 15 made of high intrinsic coercive force permanent magnet materials, oriented and magnetized radially and supported for rotation about a central axis, thru shaft and bearings 88 inside the stator having said armature. Electrical current is supplied or induced in coil 4 thru terminal 3 and 5. Such current flows : axially in the stator giving rise to a magnetic field which is annular or circumferential to the cylindrical agmature core 28. unidirectional rotor flux is radial with respect to the rotor and so enters the stators orthogonal to the stator-generated flux whereby rotational forces occurs. : As stated before, the unique property of the stationary armatire having toroidal winding whereby the applied and the induced current merge, into one and the same direction. make the supply source in the motor mode or the prime mover in the genecitor mode redundant. This will be explain further in the following schematic diagram not shown in Fig. 4 is the starting " 25 resistor with the bypass switch. Referring now to pig. 4 in relation with Fig. 2 Fig. 2-1 we have a power coriverter 21 having. a straw configuration connected to load 28 supply switch 16 is’ connected dc source 19. When we close switch 16 power converter 21 operates in a motor mode fashion, there is no

A720! counter emf instead we have an assisting emf as verified experdientally in Fig. 2A and D or B and C and so with the applied and induced current which was also verified experimentally by the inventor. If we suddenly open the switch 16 the motor will continue to turn due to inertia and is now a generator whose armature is connected to load 28 as shown in . Fig. 2-10 but because the induced load current is in the same direction as the applied current by utilizing the straw configuration, the power conveerter will turn continuously devoid of an outside power source. We now have in essence a ’ free energy device using an outside power source only for starting. This is the inverse function of dynamic braking. ’ In the final analysis, it in evident the the complementary winding serve only as a props or beacon and therefore, canbe disregarded into depending upon choice of design.

While the invention has been disclosed by way of the foregoing particularly disclosed embodiments, the same are intended in an illustrative and not in a limiting sense. various modifications may evidently be made without departing from the invention. Thus, the diverse magnetic fields generated ~— pecaistently and without need for continuous electrical power input may be interchanged i.e. stator dipole with rotor toroid, : or the equivalent. Selection of materials may involve type . permutation, i.e., high temperature superconductor material for i 25 both rotor and stator, or either of the designated high iE : intrinsic coercie force permanent magnet materials in the / ] respective machine components. pluralization may be introduced with respect to the machine components to obtain output function ; beyond that of the illustrative rotor. Accordingly; the true spirit and scop of the invention ja set forth in the appended ~ | claims.

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Claims (21)

oo 020% WHAT? IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A method for the fabrication of avmature having trroida) winding conmprining the ateps of : * :

a. inducing a first persistent current in a first magnetizable means to provide 8s first persistent So magnetic field of first orientation with means to maintain the same. ; | b. inducing a second persistent current in a second ) magnetizable means to provide a smecond persistent i magnetic field of second orientation diverse from said first magnetic field orientation with means to maintain oo the same.

¢. supporting sald first magnetizable means for rotation . . relative to said second magnetizable means and in " menner maintaining such diversity in | respective magnetic field orientation thereof. Lo

2. The method according to claim 1 wherein said first and second magnetizable means are constituted of high temperature superconductors, said method including further step of oC bo . 20 maintaining said super conductors in superconductive atate.

‘ 3. The method according to claim 1 wherein sald inducing : a ficet persistent current in a first magnetizabie means to } provide a first persitent magnetic field of first otlentation : : with means to maintain the same is so subjected to provide said C25 first magnetic field in radial orientation with respect to said | \ first. megnetizable means and wherein said inducing . second : persistent current in a second magnetizable means to provide a i second persistent magnetic field of second orientation diverse . from said first magnetic field orientation with means to to maintain the same is further subjected to produce said second magnetizable means in annular orientation with respect to the second magnetizable means.

4. The method claimed in claim 3 wherein said step in (a) and (b) are practiced respective by arrangement of said first ’ and "second magnetizable means in dipole and toroid configuration. :

5. The method claimed in claim 1 wherein supprting said first magnetizable means for rotation relative to said second magnetizable means and in manner maintaining such alversity in respective magnetic field orientation thereof is practiced by arranging said second magnetizable means in encompassing relation to said first magnetizable means.

6. The method claimed in claim 1 wherein supporting said first magnetizable means for rotation relative to said second magnetizable means and in manner maintaining such diversity in respective magnetic field orientation thereof is practiced by ’ arranging said first magnetizable means in encompassing relation to said second magnetizable means.

7. The method claimed in claim 5 wherein second magnetizable means utilizes the straw configuration. .

8. The method claimed in claim 2 wherein said high "temperature superconductors are provided by vapor deposition - processing.

9. The method claimed in claim 2 wherein said high ) | temperature superconductors are provided by diffusion processing.

10. The method claimed in claim 2 wherein said high temperature superconductore are provided by plasma sprayed. -19- . . ai et

Co , 11. The method claimed in claim 1 wherein said first and second, magnetizable means are constituted of high intrinsic coercive force permanent magnetic materials.

12. The method claimed in claim 1 wherein sald first and second magnetizable means are constituted of materials of ’ magnetically soft character with high intrinsic induction and ] for magnetizing force.

13. A brushless ‘homopolar machine comprising rotor means for establishing a first magnetic field and for maintaining said . 10 first magnetic field during mechine operation with means to power input to said rotor means a stator means for establishing ‘a second magnetic field orthogonally misaligned with respect to

! . said first magnetic field and interactive with said first magnetic field for producing rotational force and for maintaining said second magnetic field during machine operation - with means to power input to said new use of stator means. : Co

14. A brushless homopolar machine according to claim 13 / a 33 fi wherein said power converter means utilizes the a stationary ol vr "amature having toroidal winding. J ‘20

15. A brushless homopolar machine according to claim 13 . . wherein said stator means and said rotor means are comprised of ; high temperature superconductors.

16. A brushless homopolar machine according to claim 15 ; wherein sald stator means is disposed in encompassing relation to said rotor means such rotor high temperature superconductor being dipole - configured, such stator high temperature auperconductor being toroid-configured.

17. A brushless homopolar machine according to claim 15 wherein said high temperature superconductor material is ~20~- oo

: . J Ce : . 2h, AN provided by vapor deposition. | Co : CL : 18. A brushless homopolar machine accdrding\ to claim 15 wherein said high temperature superconductor material is provided by diffusion processing.

19. A brushless homopolar machine according to claim 15 ) wherein said high temperature superconductor material is . provided by plasma spraying. +

20. A brushless homopolar machine according to claim 13 } wherein said stator means and said rotor means are constituted of high intrinsic coercive force permanent magnetic materials.

21. A brushless homopolar machine according to claim 13 wherein said stator means and sald rotor means are ‘constituted of materials of magnetically soft character with high intrinsic induction and low magnetizing force. a 3 CC hk -21-