OA20572A - Novel agrochemical combinations. - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a novel agricultral pesticidal composition. In particular, the present invention provides a pesticidal composition comprising combination of an insecticide and plant health promoting agent. The said combination is highly suitable for controlling unwanted animal pests, such as insects, acaricides and/or nematodes, and unwanted phytopathogenic fungi.

Description

NOVEL AGROCHEMICAL COMBINATIONS

Field of invention

The présent invention relates to a novel agricultral pesticidal composition. In 5 particular, the présent invention provides a pesticidal composition comprising combination of an insecticide and plant health promoting agent. The said combination îs highly suitable for controlling unwanted animal pests, such as insects, acaricides and/or nematodes, and unwanted phytopathogenîc fungi.

Background of the invention:

An insecticide is a substance used to kill insects. They include ovicides and larvicides used against însect eggs and larvae, respectively.

Generally sélective feedîng blockers (or inhibitors) are a group of insecticides that hâve a broad or physical mode of action that prevents insects from feeding by 15 interfering with neural régulation of plant fluid intake in the mouthparts. Sélective feeding blockers are active on certain phloem-feeding insects that are problematic in greenhouse production Systems; these include aphids and whiteflies.

Flonicamid (N-cyanomethyl-4-trifIuoromelhylnicotinamide), a pyridine carboxamide compound, is a systemic insecticide with sélective activity against hemipterous pests, 20 such as aphids and whiteflies, and thysanopterous pests. Flonicamid is very active against aphids, regardless of différences in species, stages and morphs. Flonicamid is also effective against some other species of suckîng insects such as the greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum), yellow tea thrips (Scîrtothrips dorsalis), Indian cotton leafhopper (Anirasca biguttula), tea green leafhopper (Empoasca onukii), 25 tarnished plant bug (Lygus lineolaris), potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli) and brown rice planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens). It rapidly inhibits the feeding behavior of aphids and provides long-lasting control. Flonicamid shows no cross-resistance a conventional insecticide and exhibits excellent systemic and translamînar activity. It has no négative impact on bénéficiai insects and mites.

Chlorantraniliprole (CTPR), is an anthranilic diamide insecticide, which specifically targets insect ryanodine receptors (RyRs) that are critical for muscle contraction in insects. CTPR lias been widely evaluated for management of turfgrass pests, especially scarab grubs and caterpiliars. Chlorantraniliprole is primarily active on chewing pests by ingestion and by contact, showing good ovi-larvicidal and larvicidal activity.

Novaluron, chemically known as (±)4-[3-chloro-4-(l,l,2-trifluoro-2-trifluoro5 methoxyethoxy)phenyl]-3-(2,6-difluorobenzoyl)urea, is a benzoylphenyl urea insecticide that exhibits potent insecticidal activity againstseveral important foliage feeding insect pests. Il is a potent suppressor of important lepidopteran and coleopteran pests and can provide control of several homopteran and dipteran pests.

Various plant heaith promotîng agents are known in the art including fertilizers, 10 biologicals as well as plant additives that can promote growth as well as improve yield of the plant. The element silica is the second most abundant element in the earths crust. There are various studies that hâve been conducted that prove the importance of silica in the growth of plants. Studies hâve also demonstrated that silica is taken up in the same amount as any other known micronutrîent (Rôle of Orthosilicic Acid (OSA) 15 based formulation in Improving Plant Growth and Development, Jain et.al, Silicon (2016)). There are many silica based fertilizers and plant growth promoters known in the art. However, none hâve been mixed with combination of fungicides and insecticides.

There is therefore a need in the art for combinations of insecticidal compound with 20 plant heaith promoter that help to improve spectrum as well as promote greater plant heaith, and improve yield. With crop tolérances decreasing, lower use rates being imposed and résistance being increasingly observed, there is a need for a combination product that allows for broader disease control spectrum and improved plant heaith that combines curative and préventive actives and has a lower dosage.

Therefore, présent invention addresses one or more above solutions and amelîorate one or more of the above-mentioned problems.

Embodiments of the présent invention may provide combinations of insecticide and plant heaith promoter that possess an enhanced efficacy over the individual active 30 compound used in isolation and optionally with at least on fungicides.

The various embodiments of the présent invention may, but do not necessarily, achieve one or more of the following advantages and/or objects:

Object of the invention:

An object of the présent invention is to provide a combination of insecticide and plant health promoter that provide effective insect control at locus and causes an enhanced greening of the crops to which it is administered,

Another object of the présent invention is to provide said combination that when applied to the locus of a plant results in increased yield of the crop.

Yet another object of the présent invention is to provide a combination that results into reduced fungal disease incidence in the crops to which it is applied.

Another object of the présent invention is to provide a combination that achieves 10 increased yield in the crops to which it is applied.

Another object of the présent invention is to provide a combination that causes an enhanced insecticidal activity.

Another object of the présent invention is to provide a combination which enhances the protection to plants from attack or infestation by insects, acarids or nematodes.

Another object of the présent invention is to provide a synergist for insecticides.

Some or all these and other objects of the invention are can be achieved by way of the invention described hereinafter.

Summary of the invention:

According to an aspect of lhe présent invention there is provided a combination comprising: at least one insecticide and at least one plant health promoting agent. Another aspect of the présent invention can provide a synergistic composition comprising: at least one insecticide and at least one plant health promoting agent.

Another aspect of lhe présent invention provides a composition comprising combination of at least one insecticide and at least one plant health promoting agent; and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient.

Another aspect of the présent invention provides a combination comprising: at least one multi-site fungîcîde; at least one insecticide and at least one plant health promoting 30 agent.

Another aspect of the présent invention provides a composition comprising: at least one multi-site fungicide; at least one insecticide and at least one plant health promoting agent optionally at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient.

Another aspect of the present invention provides a combination comprising: at ieast one dithiocarbamate fongicide; at ieast one insecticide and at least one plant health promoting agent.

Another aspect of the present invention provides a composition comprising: at least one dithiocarbamate fungicide; at Ieast one insecticide; at least one plant health promoting agent; and at least one agrochemîcally acceptable excipient.

Yet another aspect of the present invention can provide a combination comprising: at Ieast one multi-site fungicide; at Ieast one insecticide; at least one plant health promoting agent; and at least one agrochemical active.

Yet another aspect of the present invention can provide a composition comprising: at least one multi-site fungicide; at least one insecticide; at least one plant health promoting agent; at least one agrochemical active; and at least one agrochemîcally acceptable excipient.

In another aspect the present invention provides a composition comprising reduced 15 amount of active ingrédient and applying at the locus to be treated for improving activity against insects, mites, nematodes and/or phytopathogens.

In another aspect the present invention provides a composition comprising reduced amount of insectidal compound and applying at the locus to be treated for improving activity against insects, mites, nematodes and/or phytopathogens.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a method to reduce the application rates and broaden the activity the insecticide(s) against insects, mites, nematodes and/or phytopathogens.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of conlrolling fungal and/or 25 insecticidal pests at a locus and promoting health of the plant, said method comprising applying a combination comprising at least one insecticide and at least one plant health promoting agent optionally at least one fungicide.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of treating plant from pests comprising applying a combination of at least one insecticide and at least one plant 30 health promoting agent optionally at least one fungicide.

In another aspect, the présent invention provides a method for partial or complété préventive and/curative treatment of plant or propagation material thereof using a insecticidal composition compriing at least one insecticide and at ieasl one plant health promoting agent.

In another aspect the présent invention provides a method of controlling unwanled pests on plants or propagation material thereof, said method comprising applying an 5 agrochemically effective amount of a combination to the pests or to their locus, comprising at least one insecticide and at least one plant health promoting agent optionally with one or more agrochemically acceptable excipients.

In an aspect the présent invention provides use of a composition comprising at least one insecticide and at least one plant health promoting agent.

In another aspect the présent invention provides use of said combination of at least one insecticide and at least one plant health promoting agent or composition thereof, for reducing overall damage of plants and plant parts as well as losses in harvested fruits or vegetables caused by insects, mites, nematodes and/or phytopathogens.

In another aspect, the présent invention provides use of a combination at locus to be 15 treated against insects, mites, nematodes and/or phytopathogens, comprising applying at locus to be treated a combination of at least one insecticide and at least one plant health agent.

In another aspect, the présent invention provides use of a combination to promote 20 health of the plant, comprising applying to a plant to be treated a combination of comprising at least one insecticide and at least one plant health promoting agent.

In another aspect, the présent invention provides a kit of parts comprising at least one insecticide, at least one plant health promoting agent optionally with one or more agrochemically acceptable excipients and an instruction information to apply said 25 components at the locus to be treated against pests specifîcally insects.

Detailed Description ofthe invention:

For the purposes of the following delailed description, it is to be understood that the invention may assume various alternative variations except where expressly specified 30 to the contrary. Moreover, other than in any operating examples, or where otherwise indicated, ail numbers expressing, for example, quantities of materials/ingredients used in the spécification are to be understood as being modified in ail instances by the term about.

The term about used to qualîfy the amounts of mancozeb and carbendazim shall be interpreted to mean approximately or reasonably close to and any statistically insignificant variations therefrom.

As used herein, the ternis “comprising” “including,” “having,” “containing,” 5 “involving,” and the like are to be understood to be open-ended, i.e., to mean including but not limited to. The terms “preferred” and “preferably” refer to embodiments of the invention that may afford certain benefits, under certain circumstances.

In any aspect or embodiment described hereinbelow, the phrase comprising may be replaced by the phrases “consistîng of ’ or “consistîng essentially of ’ or “consistîng substantially of’. In these aspects or embodiment, the combination or composition described includes or comprises or consists of or consists essentially of or consists substantially of the spécifie components recited therein, to the exclusion of other fungicides or insecticide or plant growth promoting agents or adjuvants or excipients not specificaiîy recited therein.

The term “agriculturally acceptable amount of active” refers to an amount of an active that kills the pest or inhibits the plant disease for which control is desired, in an amount not signifîcantly toxic to the plant being treated.

The term “synergistically effective amount” according to the présent invention represents a quantîty of a combination of an insecticide and plant growth promoting 20 agent and/or fungicide that is statistically signifîcantly more effective against insects, mites, nematodes and/or phytopathogens than the individual active.

The term’ reduced amount of insecticide compound” used herein means reducing about 10 % or 15% or 20% or 25% or 30% and so on, of recommended dose of insecticide compound.

The terms “active against a pest”, refer herein means direct or indirect effects include inducing death of the pest, repelling the pest from any part of the plant, including but not limited to seeds, roots, shoots and/or foliage, înhibîting feeding of the pest on, or the Iaying of its eggs on, the plant seeds, roots, shoots and/or foliage, and inhibiting or preventing reproduction of the pest.

As used herein, the terms “pestîcidal effect” and “pesticidal activity” mean any direct or indirect action on the target pest that results in reduced feeding damage on any part of the plant, including but not limited to the seeds, roots, shoots and foliage of plants as compared to untreated plants. The term “insecticidal activity” has the same meaning as pesticidal activity, except it is limited to those instances where the pest is an insect The term ‘disease control’ as used herein dénotés control and prévention of a disease. Controlling effects include ail déviation from natural development, for example: 5 kîlling, retardation, decrease of the fugal disease.

The term ‘plants’ refers to ail physical parts of a plant, including seeds, seedlîngs, saplings, roots, tubers, stems, stalks, foliage and fruits. The term plant includes transgenic and non-transgenic plants.

The term “locus” of a plant as used herein is intended to embrace the place on which 10 the plants are growing, where the plant propagation materials of the plants are sown or where the plant propagation materials of the plants will be placed into the soil. The term “plant propagation material” is understood to dénoté generative parts of a plant, such as seeds, végétative material such as cuttings or tubers, roots, fruits, tubers, bulbs, rhizomes and parts of plants, germinated plants and young plants which are to be 15 transplanted after germination or after emergence from the soil. These young plants may be protected before transplantation by a total or partial treatment by immersion. The term “Plant pest” means any organism known to associate with plants and which, as a resuit of that association, causes a detrimental effect on the plan fs health and vigor. Plant pests include but are not limited to fungi, bacteria, vîruses, molds, insects, 20 mites nematodes and acaricide or any other organism that causes a detrimental effect on the planfs health or vigor, excluding mammals, fish and birds.The term “Insecticides” as well as the tenir “insecticidal” refers to the ability of a substance to increase mortality or inhibit growth rate of insects. As used herein, the term “insects” includes ail organisais in the class “Insecta”. The tenn “pre-adult” insects refer to any 25 form of an organism prior to the adult stage, including, for example, eggs, larvae, and nymphs.

The term “Nematicides” and “nematicidal” refers to the ability of a substance to increase mortality or inhibit the growth rate of nematodes. In general, the term “nématode” comprises eggs, larvae, juvénile and mature forms of said organism.

The term “Acaricide” and “acaricidal” refers to the ability of a substance to increase mortality or inhibit growth rate of ectoparasites belonging to the class Arachnîda, subclass Acari. Typically, the insecticides mentioned herein are well known can be searched and found in the internet link, http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides.

The terni “plant health promoter” or “plant health promoting agent” are used synomysouly in the description.

Surprisingiy, the insecticidal and/or acaricidal and/or antimicrobial activity or the 5 fungicidal activity and/or the plant-invigoratîng activity and/or the yield-enhancing activity of the active compound combinations according to the invention was found to be signîficantly higher than the sum of the activities of the individual active compounds.

It has surprisingiy been found that the addition of a plant health promoting addîtîve to 10 an insecticide synergistically enhances the efficacy of the insecticide against pests.

Therefore, the insecticidal activity of the insecticide in the presence of a plant health promoting agent of the présent invention was surprisingiy higher than in the absence of the plant health promoting agent.

The compositions of the présent invention further comprise a fungicîde.

Accodingly the présent invention provides a combination of an insecticide, fungicide and plant health promoting agent.

Typically, the fungicide is selected from the group comprising multi-site fungicide and systemic fungicide.

It has further been surprisingiy been found that the addition of a plant health promoting additve to a combination of fungicide preferably a multi-site fungicide, preferably a dithiocarbamate fungicide, and an insecticide compounds resulted in surprising and unexpected advantages. It was surprising that the addition of a plant health promoter such as a silicîc acid based additive when combined with a multi-site fungicide and an 25 insecticide, preferably a combination of an insecticide and a plant health promoter, resulted in an enhancement of the efficacy. Additionaîly a surprising réduction in fungal disease incidence and enhanced pest control in comparison to the efficacy seen only with the combination of insecticide(s) with at least another fungicide. It has further been found that the addition of a plant health promoting additive to a 30 combination of a multisite fungicide and an insecticide led to better greening in the crop as well as greater yield from the crop to which they were applied.

These surprising advantages of the combinations of the invention were not observed when the multisite fongicide, preferably the dithîocarbamate fongicide, was not présent in the combination or when the health promoting addilive was not added to the combination. Therefore, these unexpected advantages of the combination of the présent invention could be attributed to the inclusion of a plant health promoting additive, or to a combination of a dithîocarbamate fongicide, and an insecticide with the plant health promoting additive.

Thus, in an aspect, the présent invention provides a combination comprising:

(a) at least one insecticide; and (b) at least a sîlicic acid based plant health promoting agent.

In another aspect, the présent combination further comprising a fongicide.

In another aspect, the présent invention provides a combination comprising:

(a) at least one insecticide;

(b) at least one multisite fongicide; and (c) at least a sîlicic acid based plant health promoting additive.

In an embodiment, the plant health promoting additive according to the présent invention is a sîlicic acid based additive selected from those having the general formula:

[SiO_x(OH)₄-2x]_n

In an embodiment sîlicic acids is selected from metasilicic acid (H2S1O3), orthosilicic acid (H4S1O4), dîsilicic acid (H2S12O5), and pyrosîlicîc acid (H6S12O7); preferably orthosilicic acid, more specificaliy stabilised orthosilicic acid.

In a preferred embodiment, the plant health promoting additive is ortho-sîlicic acid.

In an embodiment, the combination of the présent invention comprises at least one insecticide selected from the groulp comprising arsenical insecticides, botanical insecticides, carbamate insecticides, benzoforanyl methylcarbamate insecticides, dimethylcarbamate insecticides, oxime carbamate insecticides, phenyl methylcarbamate insecticides, dinitrophenol insecticides, fluorine insecticides, formamidine insecticides, fumigant insecticides, inorganic insecticides, insect growth regulalors, benzoylphenylurea chitin synthesis inhibitors, macrocyclic lactone insecticides, neonicotinoid insecticides, nereistoxin analogue insecticides, organochlorine insecticides, organophosphorus insecticides, organothiophosphate insecticides, heterocyclic organothiophosphate insecticides, phenyl 5 organothiophosphate insecticides, phosphonate insecticides, phosphonothioate insecticides, phosphoramidate insecticides, phosphoramidothioate insecticides, phosphorodiamide insecticides, oxadiazine insecticides, oxadiazolone insecticides, phthalimide insecticides, physical insecticides, pyrazole insecticides, pyrethroid insecticides, pyrethroid ether insecticides, pyrimidinamine insecticides, pyrrole 10 insecticides, quaternary ammonium insecticides, suifoxîmine insecticides, tetramic acid insecticides, tetronic acid insecticides, phenylpyrazole insecticides, thîazole insecticides, thiazolidine insecticides, thiourea insecticide or combinations thereof.

In preferred embodiment, the insecticide îs selected from the group comprising 15 diamide or pyridylpyrazole insecticides, pyrrole insecticides, moulting hormone agonists, benzoylphenylurea chitin synthesis inhibitors, pyridylmethylamine neonicotinoid insecticides, aliphatic amîde organothiophosphate insecticides, hosphoramidothioate insecticides, quinoxaline organothiophosphate insecticides, phenylpyrazole insecticides, aliphatic amide organothiophosphate insecticides, 20 phosphoramidothioate insecticides, organophosphate insecticides, neonicotinoid insecticides, macrocyclic lactone insecticides, pyrethroid ester insecticides or combinations thereof.

In an embodiment the combination of the présent invention comprises at least one 25 insecticide selected from the group comprising uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation via disruption of the proton gradient may be selected from Chlorfenapyr, DNOC, Sulfluramid and mixtures thereof, Ecdysone receptor agonists, Nicotinic acétylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel blockers, Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, Chordotonal organ Modulators and nicotinic acétylcholine receptor 30 (nAChR) compétitive modulators or combinations thereof.

In an embodiment, Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation via disruption of the proton gradient may be selected from Chlorfenapyr, DNOC, Suifluramid and mixtures thereof.

In an embodiment, Ecdysone receptor agonists may be selected from Chromafenozide,

Halofenozide, Methoxyfenozide, Tebufenozide and mixtures thereof.

In an embodiment. Nicotinic acétylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel blockers may be selected from Bensultap, Cartap hydrochloride, Thiocyclam, Thiosultap-sodium 10 and mixtures thereof.

In an embodiment, Inhibitors of chitin bîosynthesis may be selected from Bistrifluron, Chlorfluazuron, Diflubenzuron, Flucycloxuron, Flufenoxuron, Hexaflumuron, Lufenuron, Novaluron, Noviflumuron, Teflubenzuron, Triflumuron, Buprofezin and 15 mixtures thereof.

The preferred Inhibitors of chitin bîosynthesis may be Novaluron, Chlorfluazuron, Lufenuron, Buprofezin.

In an embodiment, Chordotonal organ Modulators - undefined target site may be selected from Flonicamid and the like.

In an embodiment, the nicotinic acétylcholine receptor (nAChR) compétitive modulators may be selected from Neonicotinoids such as Acetamiprid, Clothianidin, 25 Dinotefuran, Imidacloprîd, Nitcnpyram, Thiacloprid, Thiamethoxam; Sulfoximînes such as sulfoxaflor; Butenolides such as Flupyradifurone; Mesoionics such as Triflumezopyrim and mixtures thereof.

The preferred nicotinic acétylcholine receptor (nAChR) compétitive modulators may 30 be Acetamiprid, Clothianidin, Imidacloprîd, Thiacloprid, Thiamethoxam, sulfoxaflor.

In a preferred embodiment the insecticide can be selected from sélective feeding blockers (or inhibitors) group.

In a preferred embodiment, the insecticide is selected from acephate, dimethoate, Methamidophos, Phosph amidon, Quinalphos, flonîcamed, emamectin, lambda cyhalothrin, chlorfenapyr, Methoxyfenozide, thiocyclam, novaluron, fipronil, imidacloprid and acetamiprid.

In one preferred embodiment, the insecticide is flonicamid.

In an embodiment, the combination of the présent invention further comprises at least a second fungicide or insecticide apart from the multisite fongicide.

In an embodiment, the second insecticide is a combination of at least two more insecticide. In this embodiment, these insecticides are referred to herein as the second and lhe third insecticide respectively. However, the second and the third insecticide are not the same insecticides, although they can be a combination of two insecticides from the same class of insecticides.

In an embodiment, the combination of the présent invention comprises two insecticides selected from above groups and silicic acid based plant health promoling agent.

In an embodiment, the combination of the présent invention comprises at least one insecticide selected from above groups (A); a fungicide (C) and silicic acid based plant health promoting agent (B).

In an embodiment the combination of the présent invention further comprises a fungicide.

Preferably the combination of the présent invention comprises multisite contact fungicide.

In an embodiment, the second and/or third fungicide in the combinations of the présent invention may be individually selected from from Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, GABA -gated chloride channel blockers, Sodium channel modulators, Nicotinic acétylcholine receptor (nAChR) compétitive modulators, Nicotinic acétylcholine receptor (nAChR) allosteric modulators, Glutamate -gated chloride channel (GluCl) allosteric modulators, Juvénile hormone mimics, Chordotonal organ 5 TRPV channel modulators, Mite growth inhibitors, Microbial disruptors of insect midgut membranes, Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase, Uncouplers of oxîdative phosphorylation via dîsruption of the proton gradient, Nicotinic acétylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel blockers, Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis , Moulting disruptors, Ecdysone receptor agonists, Octopamine receptor agonîsts, 10 Mitochondrial complex. électron transport inhibitors, Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers, Inhibitors of acetyl CoA carboxylase, Chordotonal organ Modulators, multi-site miscellaneous insecticides, bioinsecticides and mixtures thereof.

Thus in an embodiment, the fongicide, Acetylchol ineste rase (AChE) inhibitors (C) may be selected from the group consisting of carbamates such as Alanycarb (Cl), Aldicarb (C2), Bendiocarb (C3), Benfuracarb (C4), Butocarboxim (C5), Butoxycarboxim (C6), Carbaryl (C7), Carbofuran (C8), Carbosulfan (C9), Ethiofencarb (C9), Fenobucarb (CIO), Fonnetanate (Cil), Furathiocarb (C12), 20 Isoprocarb (C13), Methiocarb (C14), Methomyl (C15), Metolcarb (C16), Oxamyl (Cl7) Pirimicarb (Cl8), Propoxur (Cl9), Thiodîcarb (C20), Thiofanox (C21), Trîazamate (C22), Trimethacarb (C23), XMC (C24), Xylylcarb Organophosphates such as Acéphale (C25), Azamethiphos (C26), Azinphos-ethyl (C27), Azinphos — methyl (C28), Cadusafos (C29), Chlorethoxyfos (C30), Chlorfenvinphos (C31), 25 Chlormephos (C32), Chlorpyrifos (C33), Chlorpyrifos-methyl (C34), Coumaphos (C35), Cyanophos (C36), Demeton-S-methyl (C37), Diazinon (C38), Dichlorvos/ DDVP (C39), Dicrotophos (C40), Dimethoate (C41), Dimethylvinphos (C42), Disulfoton (C43), EPN (C44), Ethion (C45) , Ethoprophos (C46), Famphur (C47), Fenamiphos (C48), Fenitrothion (C49), Fenthion (C50), Fosthiazate (C51),

Heptenophos (C52), Imicyafos (C53), Isofenphos (C54), Isopropyl O(methoxyamînothio-phosphoryl) salicylate (C55), Isoxathion (C56), Malathion (C57), Mecarbam (C58), Methamidophos (C59), Methidathion (C60), Mevinphos (C61), Monocrotophos (C62), Naled (C63), Omethoate (C64), Oxydemeton-methyl (C65),

Parathion (C66), Parathion-methyl (C67), Phenthoate (C68), Phorate (C69), Phosalone (C70), Phosmet (C71), Phosphamidon (C72), Phoxim (C73), Pirimiphosmethyl (C74), Profenofos (C75), Propetamphos (C76), Prothiofos (C77), Pyraclofos (C78), Pyridaphenthion (C79), Quinalphos (C80), Sulfotep (C81), Tebupirimfos 5 (C82), Temephos (C83), Terbufos (C84), Tetrachlorvinphos (C85), Thiometon (C86),

Triazophos (C87), Trichlorfon (C87), Vamidothion (C88) and mixtures thereof.

In an embodiment, the preferred Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors may be selected from thiodicarb (C20), methomyl (Cl5), acephate (C25), and quinalphos 10 (C80).

In another embodiment, the GABA -gated chloride channel blockers may be selected from Chlordane (C89), Endosulfan (C90), Ethiprole (C91), Fipronil (C92) and mixtures thereof.

The preferred GABA gated chloride channel blocker may be fipronil (C92).

In an embodiment, the Sodium channel modulators may be selected from Pyrethroids such as acrinathrin (C93), allethrin (C94), bioallethrin (C95), esdépalléthrine (C96), 20 barthrin (C97), bifenthrin (C98), kappa-bifenthrin (C99), bioethanomethrin (C100), brofenvalerate (C101), brofluthrinate (Cl02), bromethrin (C103), butethrin (Cl04), chlorempenthrin (C105), cyclethrin (C106), cycloprothrin (C107), cyfluthrin (C108), beta-cyfluthrin (C109), cyhalothrin (Cl 10), gamma-cyhalothrin (Cl 11), lambdacyhalolhrin (Cl 12), cypermethrin (Cl 13), alpha-cypermethrin (Cl 14), beta25 cypermethrin (Cl 15), theta-cypermethrin (Cl 16), zeta-cypermethrin (Cl 16), cyphenothrin (Cl 17), deltamethrin (Cl 18), dîmefluthrin (Cl 19), dimethrin (C120), empenthrin (Cl 21), d-fanshiluquebingjuzhi (C122), chloroprallethrîn (123), fenfluthrin (Cl24), fenpirithrin (C125) , fenpropathrîn (Cl26), fenvalerate (Cl27), esfenvalerate (C128), flucythrinate (Cl29), fluvalinate (Cl29), tau-fluvalinate (Cl30), 30 furamethrin (C131), furethrin (C132), heptafluthrin (C133), imiprothrin (C134), japothrins (C135), kadethrin (136), methothrin (C137), metofluthrin (C138), epsilonmetofluthrin (C139), momfluorothrin (C140), epsilon-momfluorothrin (C141), pentmethrin (C142), permethrin (C143), biopermethrin (C144), transpermethrin (C145), phenothrin (C146), prallethrin (C147), profluthrin (C148), proparthrin (C149), pyresmethrin (C150), renofluthrin (151), meperfluthrin (C152), resmethrin (C153), bioresmethrin (C154), cismethrin (C155), tefluthrin (C156), kappa-tefluthrin (C157), terallethrin (C158), tetramethrin (C159), tetramethylfluthrin (C160), 5 tralocythrin (C161) , tralomethrin (C162), transfluthrin (C163), valerate (Cl64), etofenprox (Cl65), flufenprox (Cl66), halfenprox (Cl67), protrifenbute (Cl68), silafluofcn (C169), sulfoxime ((RS)-[l-(4-chIorophenyl)-2-(methylthio)-lpropanone] (EZ)-O-(3-phenoxybenzyl)oxiine) (Cl70), thiofluoximate (Cl71) or DDT (Cl72), Methoxychlor (C173), natural pyrelhrins such as cînerin-I (C174), cinerin-II 10 (Cl75), jasmolin-I (C176), jasmolin-Π (Cl77), pyrethrin-I (C178) and pyrethrin-II (C179) or mixtures thereof.

The preferred Sodium channel modulator may be bifenthrin (C98), kappa-bifenthrin (C99), gamma-cyhalolhrin (Clll), lambda-cyhalothrin (C112), cypermethrin (C113), 15 alpha-cypermethrin (C114), beta-cypermethrin (C115), theta-cypermethrin (C116), zeta-cypermethrin (Cl 16), fenpropathrin (C126), permethrin (Cl43) and mixtures thereof.

In an embodiment, the nicotînic acétylcholine receptor (nAChR) compétitive 20 modulators may be selected from Neonicotinoîds such as Acetamiprid (C180), Clothianidin (C181), Dinotefuran (C182), Imidacloprid (Cl83), Nitenpyram (Cl84), Thiacloprid (Cl85), Thiamethoxam (C186); Sulfoximines such as sulfoxaflor (185); Butenolides such as Flupyradifurone (C186); Mesoionîcs such as Triflumezopyrim (C186) and mixtures thereof.

The preferred nicotînic acétylcholine receptor (nAChR) compétitive modulators may be Acetamiprid (Cl80), Clothianidin (Cl81), Imidacloprid (C183), Thiacloprid (Cl85), Thiamethoxam (Cl86), sulfoxaflor (185).

In an embodiment, the Nicotînic acétylcholine receptor (nAChR) allosterîc modulators may be selected from Spinosyns such as Spinetoram (Cl87), Spinosad (C188) and mixtures thereof.

The preferred Nicotinic acétylcholine receptor (nAChR) allosteric modulators may be Spinosad (C188).

In an embodiment, the Glutamate gated chloride channel (GluCl) allosteric modulators 5 such as Avermectîns selected from Abamecdectin (C189), Emamectin benzoate (C190), Lepimectin (C19I) and Milbemycîns such as Milbemectin (C192), milbemycin A3 (Cl93), Milbemycin A4 (C194), Mildiomycin (C195) and mixtures thereof,

The preferred Glutamate gated chloride channel (GluCl) allosteric modulators may be abamectin (C189).

In an embodiment, the Juvénile hormone mimics may be selected from Hydroprene (Cl96), Kinoprene(C197), Methoprene (Cl98), Fenoxycarb (Cl99), Pyriproxyfen 15 (C200) and mixtures thereof,

The preferred juvénile hormone mimic may be Pyriproxyfen (C200).

In an embodiment, the Mîscellaneous nonspecific (multi-site) inhibitor insecticides 20 may be selected from Methyl bromide and the like, Chloropicrin (C2Ü1), Cryolile (Sodium aluminum fluoride) (C202), Sulfuryl fluoride (C203), Borax (C204), Boric acid (C205), Disodium octaborate (C206), Sodium borate (C207), Sodium metaborate (C208), Tartar emetic (C209), Dazomet (C210), Metam (C211) and mixtures thereof,

In an embodiment, the Chordotonal organ TRPV channel modulators may be selected from Pymetrozine (C212), Pyrifluquinazon (C213) and mixtures thereof.

In an embodiment. Mite growth inhibitors may be selected from Clofentezine (C214), Diflovidazin (C215), Hexythiazox (C216), Etoxazole (C217) and mixtures thereof.

In an embodiment, Microbial disruptors of insect midgut membranes may be selected from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Israelensis (C218), Bacillus thurîngîensis subsp. Aizawai (C219), Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki (C219), Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Tenebrionis (C220), B.t. crop proteins such as CrylAb (C221), Cry lAc (C222), CrylFa (C223), Cry 1 A. 105 (224), Cry2Ab (C225), Vip3A (C226), mCry3A (C227), Cry3Ab (C228), Cry3Bb (C229), Cry34Abl/Cry35Abl (C230), Bacillus sphaericus (C231) and the like.

In an embodiment, Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase may be selected from Diafenthiuron (C232), Azocyclotin (C233), Cyhexatin (C234), Fenbutatin oxide (C235), Propargîte (236), Tetradifon (C237) and mixtures thereof.

In an embodiment, Uncoupiers of oxîdative phosphorylation via disruption of the proton gradient may be selected from Chlorfenapyr (C238), DNOC (C239), Sulfluramid (C240) and mixtures thereof.

In an embodiment. Nicotinic acétylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel blockers may 15 be selected from Bensultap (C241), Cartap hydrochloride (C242), Thiocyclam (C243), Thiosultap-sodium (C244) and mixtures thereof.

In an embodiment, Inhibitors of chîtîn biosynthesis may be selected from Bistrifluron (C245), Chlorfluazuron (C246), Difiubenzuron (C247), Flucycloxuron (C248), 20 Flufenoxuron (C249), Hexaflumuron (C250), Lufenuron (C251), Novaluron (C252), Noviflumuron (C253), Teflubenzuron (C254), Triflumuron (C255), Buprofezin (C256) and mixtures thereof.

The preferred Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis may be Novaluron (C252), 25 Chlorfluazuron (C246), Lufenuron (C251), Buprofezin (C256),

In an embodiment, moulting disruptors may be selected from cyromazine (C257) and the like.

In an embodiment, Ecdysone receptor agonists may be selected from Chromafenozide (C258), Halofenozide (C259), Methoxyfenozide (C260), Tebufenozide (C261) and mixtures thereof.

The preferred Ecdysone receptor agonists may be selected from Methoxyfenozide (C260).

In an embodiment, Octopamine receptor agonists may be selected from amitraz 5 (C262) and the like.

In an embodiment. Mitochondrial complex électron transport inhibitors may be selected from Hydramethylnon (C263), Acequinocyl (C264), Fluacrypyrim (C265), Bifenazate (C266), Fenazaquîn (C267), Fenpyroximate (C268), Pyridaben (C269), Pyrimidifen (C270), Tebufenpyrad (C271), Tolfenpyrad (C272), Rotenone (C273), 10 Aluminium phosphide (C274), Calcium phosphide (C275), Phosphine (C276), Zinc phosphide (C277), Calcium cyanîde (C278), Potassium cyanide (C279), Sodium cyanide (280), Cyenopyrafen (C281), Cyflumetofen (C282), Pyflubumide (C283) and mixtures thereof.

The preferred mitochondrial complex électron transport inhibitors may be Bifenazate (C266), Fenpyroximate (C268), Pyridaben (C269), Tebufenpyrad (C270), Tolfenpyrad (C271).

In an embodiment, Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers may be selected from 20 Indoxacarb (C272), Metaflumizone (C273) and mixtures thereof.

In an embodiment, Inhibitors of acetyl CoA carboxylase may be selected from Tetronîc and Tetramic acid dérivatives such as Spîrodiclofen (C274), Spiromesifen (C275), Spirotetramat (C276) and, Spiropidion (C277) mixtures thereof.

In an embodiment, Chordotonal organ Modulators - undefined target site may be selected from Flonîcamid (C278) and the like.

In an embodiment, the biopesticide may be selected from botanical insecticides such as azadirectin A (C279), euginol (C280), neem oil (C281), toosendanin (C282), 130 cinnamoyl-3-feruoyl-ll-hydroxymeliacarpin (C283), volkensin (C284), d-limonene (C285), menthol, (C286) 1,8-cineole (C287), citronellal (C288), eugenol (C289) ,pmenthane-3,8-diol (C290), thymol (C291) and the like and mixtures thereof.

In an embodiment, the second fongicide îs a combination of at least two more fongicides. In this embodiment, these fongicides are referred to herein as the second and the third fongicide respectively. However, the second and the third fongicide are never the same fongicides, although they can be a combination of two fongicides from 5 the same class of fongicides.

In an embodiment, the second and/or third fongicide in the combinations of the présent invention may be individually selected from nucleic acids synthesis înhibitors, cytoskeleton and motor protein înhibitors, amino acids and proteîn synthesis 10 înhibitors, respiration process Înhibitors, signal transduction înhibitors, lipid synthesis and membrane integrity distruptors, sterol biosynthesis înhibitors, melanin synthesis înhibitors, cell wall biosynthesis înhibitors, host plant defence inductors and/or fungicides with unknown modes of action.

Thus, in an embodiment, the nucleic acid synthesis inhibitor fungicîde may be selected from acylalanines such as benalaxyl, benalaxyl-M (kiralaxyl), furalaxyl, metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam), oxazolidinones such as oxadixyl, butyrolactones such as ofurace, hydroxy-(2-amino-) pyrimidines such as bupirimate, dimethirimol, ethirimol, isoxazoles such as hymexazole, isothiazolones such as octhilinone, carboxylic acids 20 such as oxolinic acid.

In an embodiment, the cytoskeleton and motor protein înhibitors may be benzimidazoles such as benomyl, carbendazîm, fuberidazole, thiabendazole; thiophanates such as thiophanate, thiophanate-methyl; N-phenyl carbamates such as 25 diethofencarb; toluamides such as zoxamide; thiazole carboxamides such as ethaboxam; phenylureas such as pencycuron, benzamides such as fluopicolide; cyanoacrylates such as phenamacril.

In an embodiment, the respiration process inhibitor fungicides may be selected from 30 pyrimidinamines such diflumetorim; pyrazole-5-carboxamides such as tolfenpyrad, strobilurîns such as azoxystrobin, coumoxystrobin, enoxastrobin, flufenoxystrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraoxystrobin, mandestrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyrametostrobin, triclopyrîcarb, kresoxim-methyl, dimoxystrobîn, fenaminostrobin, metominostrobin, trifloxystrobin, famoxadone, fluoxastrobin, fenamidone, pyribencarb and mixtures thereof; oxazoiidine-diones such as famoxadone; Imidazolinones such as fenamidone; benzyl-carbamates such as pyribencarb; N-methoxy-(phenyl-ethyl)-pyrazolecarboxamides such as Pyrimidinamines such as diflumetorim; cyano-imidazole such 5 as cyazofamid; sulfamoyl-triazole such as amisulbrom; dinitrophenyl crotonates such as binapacryl, meptyldinocap, dinocap; 2,6-dinitro-anilines such as fluazinam; pyr.hydrazones such as ferimzone; tri-phenyl tin compounds such as fentin acetate, fentin chloride, fentin hydroxide; thiophene-carboxamîdes such as silthiofam; triazolopyrimidylamine such as ametoctradin.

In an embodiment, amino acids and protein synthesis inhibitor fungicides may be selected from anilino-pyrimidines such as cyprodînil, mepanipyrim, pyrimethanil, antibiotic fungicides such as biasticidin-S, kasugamycin, streptomycin, oxytétracycline and the like.

In an embodiment, signal transduction inhibitor fungicides may be selected from aryloxyquinolines such as quinoxyfen; quinazolinones such as proquinazid; phenylpyrroles such as fenpiclonil, fludioxonil; dicarboximides such as chlozolinate, dimethachlone, iprodîone, procymidone and vinclozolin.

In an embodiment, the fungicide may be selected from lipîd synthesis and membrane integrily distruptors such as phosphoro-thiolates such as edifenphos, Iprobenfos, pyrazophos; dithiolanes such as îsoprothiolane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as bîphenyl, chloroneb, dîcloran, quintozene (PCNB), tecnazene (TCNB), tolclofos25 methyl and the like; 1,2,4-thiadiazoles such as etridiazole; carbamates such as iodocarb, propamocarb, prothiocarb and the like.

Thus in an embodiment, the slerol biosynthesis inhibitors may be selected from triazoles such as azaconazole, bitertanol, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, 30 difenoconazole, dîniconazole, epoxiconazole, etaconazole, fenbuconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, hexaconazole, imibenconazole, Ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, penconazole, Propiconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadîmefon, triadimenol, triticonazole, prothioconazole, piperazines such as triforine; pyridînes such as pyrifenox, pyrisoxazole; pyrimidines such as fenanmol, nuarimol imidazoles such as îmazalil, oxpoconazole, pefurazoate, prochloraz, triilumizole; morpholines such as aldimorph, dodemorph, fenpropimorph, tridemorph and the like; piperidines such as fenpropidin, piperalin; spiroketal-amines such as spiroxamine; hydroxyanilides such as fenhexamid; amino-pyrazolinones such as fenpyrazamine; thiocarbamales such as pyributicarb; allyiainines such as naftifine, terbinafine and mixtrues thereof.

In an embodiment, cell wall biosynthesis inhibitor fungicides may be selected from peptidyl pyrimidine nucleoside fungicides such as polyoxin, cinnamic acid amides such as dimethomorph, flumorph, pyrimorph; valinamide carbamates such as benthiavalicarb, iprovalicarb, valifenalate; mandelic acid amides such as mandipropamid and mixtures thereof.

In an embodiment, melanin synthesis inhibitor fungicide may be selected from isobenzo-furanone such as fthalide; pyrrolo-quinolinones such as pyroquilon; triazolobenzo-lhiazoles such as tricyclazole; cyclopropane-carboxamides such as carpropamid; carboxamides such as diclocymet; propionamides such as fenoxanil; trifluoroethyl-carbamates such as tolprocarb; and mixtures thereof.

In an embodiment, host plant defence inductors fungicides may be selected from benzo-thiadiazoles such as acibenzolar-S-methyl; benzisothiazoles such as probenazole; thiadiazole-carboxamides such as tiadinil, isotianil; polysaccharides such as laminarîn; and mixtures thereof.

In an embodiment, the additional second or third fungicide is a fungicide with unknown mode of action and may be selected from cyanoacetamide-oximes such as cymoxanil; ethyl phosphonates such as foestyl -Al, phophorous acid and salts; phthalamic acids such as teclofthalam; benzotriazines such as triazoxide; benzenesulphonamîdes such as flusulfamide; pyridazinones such as dîclomezine; thiocarbamales such as methasulfocarb; phenyl-acetamides such as cyflufenamid; aryl-phenyl-ketones such as metrafenone, pyriofenone; guanidines such as dodine; cyano-methylene-thiazolidines such as flulianîl; pyrimidinone-hydrazones such as ferimzone; piperidinyl-thiazole-isoxazolines such as oxathiapiprolin; 4-quinolylacetates such as tebufloquin; tetrazolyloximes such as picarbutrazox; glucopyranosyl antibiotics such as validamycin; fungicides such as minerai oil, organic oils, potassium bicarbonate and mixtures thereof.

In a preferred embodiment, the second fungicide in the combinations of the présent invention may be selected from ergosterol bîosynlhesis inhibitors and Quinone outside (Qo) inhibitors.

In another preferred embodiment, the second fungicide and the third fungicide in the combinations of the présent invention may be ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors and Quinone outside (Qo) inhibitors respectively.

The ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors may be selected from the group consisting of 15 azaconazole, bitertanol, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, difenoconazole, diniconazole, epoxiconazole, etaconazole, fenbuconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, hexaconazole, imibenconazole, Ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, penconazole, Propiconazole, sîmeconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triticonazole, prothîoconazole, imazalil, 20 oxpoconazole, pefurazoate, prochloraz, triflumizole, fenarimol, nuarimol, pyrifenox , pyrisoxazole, and triforine.

In another embodiment, the ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors may be selected from prothîoconazole, tebuconazole, hexaconazole, cyroconazole or epoxiconazole.

In an embodiment, the third fungicide may be a Quinone outside (Qo) inhibitor fungicide selected from azoxystrobin, coumoxystrobin, enoxastrobin, flufenoxystrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraoxystrobin, mandestrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyrametostrobîn, triclopyricarb, kresoxim-methyl, dîmoxystrobin, fenaminostrobin, 30 metominostrobin, trifloxystrobin, famoxadone, fluoxaslrobin, fenamidone, and pyribencarb.

In an embodiment, the Quinone outside (Qo) inhibitor fungicide may be selected from azoxystrobin, pîcoxystrobin, kresoxîm-methyl, pyraclostrobin and trifloxystrobin.

In an embodiment, the combinations of the présent invention comprise a multisite 5 fungicide.

In an embodiment, the multi-site fungicide is selected from the group consisting of dithiocarbamates, phthalimides, chloronitriles, inorganic fungicides, sulfamides, bisguanidines, triazines, quinones, quinoxalines, dicarboxamides and mixtures thereof.

In an embodiment, the multi-site fungicide is selected from the class of dithiocarbamate fungicides selected from asamobam, asomate, azithiram, carbamorph, cufraneb, cuprobam, dîsulfiram, ferbam, metam, nabam, tecoram, thiram, urbacide, ziram, dazomet, etem, milneb, mancopper, mancozeb, maneb, 15 melïram, polycarbamate, propineb and zineb.

In an embodiment, the multi-site fungicide is a phthalimide fungicide selected from captan, captafol and folpet.

In an embodiment, the multi-site fungicide is a chloronitrile fungicide such as chlorothalonil.

In an embodiment, the multi-site fungicide is a sulfamide fungicide selected from dichlofluanid and tolylfluanîd.

In an embodiment, the multi-site fungicide is a bis-guanidine fungicide selected from guazatine and iminoctadine.

In an embodiment, the multi-site fungicide is a triazine fungicide selected from 30 anilazine.

In an embodiment, the multi-site fungicide is a quinone fungicide selected from dithianon.

In an embodiment, the multi-site fungicide is a quinoxaline fongicide selected from quinomethionate and chlorquinox.

In an embodiment, the multi-site fungicide is a dicarboxamide fungicide selected from fluoroimide.

In an embodiment, the multi-site fungicide is an inorganic fungicide selected from copper fungicides including copper (II) hydroxide, copper oxychlorîde, copper (II) sulfate, basic copper sulfate, Bordeaux mixture, copper salicyiate C?H403*Cu, cuprous oxide CU₂O; or sulphur.

In an embodiment, the présent invention provides a combination comprising:

(a) at least one insecticide selected from broflanilîde, chloranlraniliprole, cyantranîlîprole, cyclaniliprole, flonicamid, fipronil, novaluron, imidacloprid, acetamipirid, emamectin, lamblda cyhalothrin, cyhalodiamide, flubendiamide and tetraniliprole;

(a) at least one multisite fungicide; and (b) at least a silicic acid based plant health promoting additive.

In an embodiment, the présent invention provides a combination comprising:

(a) broflanilîde, chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, cyclaniliprole, flonicamid, fipronil, novaluron, imidacloprid, acetamipirid, emamectin, lamblda cyhalothrin, cyhalodiamide, flubendiamide and tetraniliprole;

(b) at least one multisite fungicide; and (c) at least a sîlîcic acid based plant health promoting additive; and (d) at least a first systemic fungicide and a second systemic fungicide.

In an embodiment, the multisite fungicide may be selected from:

(i) copper fungicides selected from copper oxychlorîde, copper sulfate, copper hydroxide and tribasîc copper sulfate (Bordeaux mixture);

(ii) elemental sulfur;

(iii) dithiocarbamate fungicides selected from amobam, asomate, azithiram, carbamorph, cufraneb, cuprobam, disulfiram, ferbam, metam, nabam, tecoram, thiram, urbacide, ziram, dazomet, etem, milneb, mancopper, mancozeb, maneb, metiram, polycarbamate, propmeb and zineb;

(iv) phthalimide fongicides selected from folpet, captan and captafol;

(v) chlorothalonil;

(vi) sulfamide fongicides selected from dîchlofluanid and toiylfluanid;

(vîî) guanidine fongicides selected from dodine, guazantine and iminoctaadine;

(viiî) anîlazine;

(ix) dithianon; and (x) combinations thereof;

In an embodiment, the first and second systemic fongicides are preferably different from each other.

In an embodiment, when the multi-sîte contact fongicide is a combination of mancozeb and chlorothalonil, the preferred systemic fongicide is at least one systemic fungicide selected from quinone outside inhibitor, quinone inside inhibitor, déméthylation inhibitor or a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor.

In a preferred embodiment, the first and second systemic fongicides are selected from different classes of systemic fongicides. For example:

(i) when lhe fîrst systemic fongicide is a déméthylation inhibitor, the second systemic fungicide is selected from a quinone outside inhibitor, a quinone inside inhibitor and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor; or when (îi) the first systemic fungicide is a quinone outside inhibitor, the second systemic fongicide is selected from a quinone inside inhibitor, déméthylation inhibitor and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor; or when (iii) the first systemic fungicide is a quinone inside inhibitor, the second systemic fungicide îs selected from a quinone outside inhibitor, a déméthylation inhibitor and a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor; or when (iv) the first systemic fungicide is a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor, the second systemic fungicide is selected from a quinone outside inhibitor, a quinone inside inhibitor and a déméthylation inhibitor.

In an embodiment, the présent invention provides a combination comprising;

(b) at least one insecticide selected from broflanilide, chlorantraniliprole, cyanlraniliprole, cyclaniliprole, flonicamid, fipronil, novaluron, imidacloprîd, acetamîpirîd, emamectin, lamblda cyhalothrin, cyhalodiamidc, flubendiannde and tetraniliprole;

(c) at least one multisite fongicide; and (d) at least a silicic acid based plant health promoting additive;

(e) a first systemic fongicide selected from a qoinone ootside inhibitor, a qoinone inside inhibitor, déméthylation inhibitor and soccinate dehydrogenase inhibitor; and (f) a second systemic fongicide selected from a qoinone outside inhibitor, a quinone inside inhibitor, déméthylation inhibitor and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor;

such that (a) when the first systemic fongicide is a déméthylation inhibitor, the second systemic fongicide is selected from a quinone outside inhibitor, a quinone inside inhibitor and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor; or when (b) the first systemic fongicide is a quinone outside inhibitor, the second systemic fongicide is selected from a quinone inside inhibitor, déméthylation inhibitor and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor; or when (c) the first systemic fongicide is a quinone inside inhibitor, the second systemic fongicide is selected from a quinone outside inhibitor, a déméthylation inhibitor and a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor; or when (d) the first systemic fongicide is a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor, the second systemic fongicide is selected from a quinone outside inhibitor, a quinone inside inhibitor and a déméthylation inhibitor; or (e) when the multi-site contact fongicide is a combination of mancozeb and chlorothalonîl, the systemic fongicide is at least one of a quinone outside inhibitor, a quinone inside inhibitor, a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor and a déméthylation inhibitor.

In a preferred embodiment, the preferred quinone outside inhibitor is a strobilurin fongicide and the preferred déméthylation inhibitor is a conazole fongicide. In this embodiment, the preferred dithîocarbamate is selected from the group consisting of thiram, ziram, mancozeb, maneb, metiram, propineb and zineb.

In an embodiment, the quinone outside inhibitor may be selected from fenamîdone, famoxadone, and a strobilurin fongicide selected from the group consisting of

azoxystrobin, mandestrobin, coumoxystrobin, enoxastrobin, flufenoxystrobin, pyraoxystrobîn, dimoxystrobin, enestrobin, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, metominostrobin, orysastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyrametostrobin, triclopyricarb, fenaminstrobin, pyraclostrobin and trifloxystrobin.

In an embodiment, the quinone inside inhibitor may be selected from cyazofamid and amisulbrom.

In an embodiment, the déméthylation inhibitor may be selected from triflumizole, 10 triforine, pyridinitrile, pyrifenox, fenarîmol, nuarimol, trîarimol and a conazole fungicide selected from the group consistîng of climbazole, clotrimazole, imazalil, oxpoconazole, prochloraz, prochloraz-manganèse, triflumizole, azaconazole, bitertanol, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, diclobutrazol, difenoconazole, dinîconazole, dîniconazole-M, epoxiconazole, etaconazole, fenbuconazole, 15 fluotrimazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, furconazole, furconazole-cis, hexaconazole, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, pencoconazole, propîconazole, prothioconazole, quinconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazoie, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadîmenol, triticonazole, uniconazole, perfurazoate and uniconazole-P.

In an embodiment, the succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor may be selected from the group consistîng of benodanil, flutolanil, mepronil, fluopyram, fenfuram, carboxin, oxycarboxin, thifluzamide, bixafen, fluxapyroxad, furametpyr, isopyrazam, penflufen, penthiopyrad, sedaxane and boscalid.

In an embodiment, the second insecticidal compound in the combinations of the présent invention may be selected from Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, GABA -gated chloride channel blockers, Sodium channel modulators, Nicotinic acétylcholine receptor (nAChR) compétitive modulators, Nicotinic acétylcholine 30 receptor (nAChR) aliosteric modulators. Glutamate -gated chloride channel (GluCl) allosteric modulators, Juvénile hormone mimics, Chordotonal organ TRPV channel modulators, Mite growth inhibitors, Microbîal disruptors of insect midgut membranes, Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase, Uncoupiers of oxidatîve phosphorylation via disruption of the proton gradient, Nicotinic acétylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel blockers, Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis , Moulting disruptors, Ecdysone receptor agonists, Octopamine receptor agonists, Mitochondrial complex électron transport inhibitors, Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers, Inhibitors of acetyl

CoA carboxylase, Chordotonal organ Modulators, multi-site miscellaneous insecticides, bioinsecticides and mixtures thereof

In an embodiment, the présent combinations may additionally contain other plant health promoting additives such as fertilizers, micronutrients, biological additives etc.

that are known to enhance the growth and health of the plant.

In an embodiment of the combinations of the présent invention, the preferred multisite fungicîde is mancozeb and the preferred insecticidal compound is chlorantraniliprole and the plant health additive is stabilised orthosilicic acid.

In an embodiment of the combinations of the présent invention, the preferred 15 insecticidal compound is Cyantranilîprole.

In an embodiment of the combinations of the présent invention, the preferred insecticidal compound is Flubendiamide.

In an embodiment of the combinations of the présent invention, the preferred insecticidal compound is Flonicamid.

The combinations of the présent invention may be formulated în the form of a composition.

In an embodiment, the présent invention may provide a composition comprising:

(i) at least one insecticide;

(ii) at least a silicic acid based plant health promoting additive; and (iii) at least one agrochemicaily acceptable excipient.

In a preferred embodiment, the présent invention provides a composition for controlling însects comprising:

(i) at least one insecticidal compound;

(ii) ortho silîcic acid; and (iiî) at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient.

In an embodiment, the présent invention may provide a composition comprising:

(ï) at least one insecticide;

(ii) at least one multî-site fungicide;

(iii) at least a silicic acid based plant health promoting additive; and (iv) at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient.

In a preferred embodiment, the présent invention may provide a composition comprising:

(i) at least one insecticidal compound;

(ii) at least one dithiocarbamate fungicide;

(iii) stabilised orthosîlicic acid; and (iv) at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient.

In an embodiment, the présent invention may provide a composition comprising:

(a) at least one insecticidal compound;

(b) at least one dithiocarbamate fungicide;

(c) stabilished orthosîlicic acid;

(c) at least one fungicide or insecticide other than the insecticide or the dithiocarbamate fungicide; and (d) at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient.

In an embodiment, the présent invention may provide a composition comprising:

(a) at least one insecticidal compound;

(b) at least one dithiocarbamate fungicide;

(c) stabilized orthosîlicic acid;

(d) at least one other health promoting additive selected from fertlizers, 30 micronutrients, mycorizha, biologîcal addîtves that enhance plant growth; and (e) at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient.

Thus, in an embodiment, the présent invention provides compositions for controlling insects comprising:

(a) at least one insecticide selected from broflanilide, chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, cyclanîlîprole, flonicamid, fipronil, novaluron, 5 imidacloprîd, acetamipirid, emamectin, lamblda cyhalothrin, cyhalodiamide, flubendiamide and tetraniliprole;

(b) stabilized orthosilicic acid; and (c) at last one dithîocarbamate fungicide.

In an embodiment the compositions of présent invention may comprise pesticide active acompound and a biocontrol agent or biostimulant viz., natural extract based biostimulants, microbial biostimulants.

In an embodiment the compositions of présent invention may comprise biological control agents/biostimulants in combination with active compounds in the composition.

Some examples of such agents include but not lirnited to seaweed extract, algae extract, superabsorbent polymer, Laminarin, Kasumin and the like.

The biological control agents that are members of the species Bacillus are used as biocontrol strains, for example, some commercial biocontrol products include: Bacillus pumilus straîn Q5T2808, used as active ingrédient in SONATA® and BALLAD®-PLUS; Bacillus pumilus strain GB34, used as active ingrédient în YIELDSHIELD, Bacillus subtilis strain QO1713, used as the active ingrédient of

SERENADE®,; Bacillus subtilis strain GBO3, used as the active ingrédient in KODIAK® and SYSTEM3®. Other strains of Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus firmus hâve been applied as biocontrol agents against nematodes and vector insects and these strains serve as the basis of numerous commercially available biocontrol products, including NORTICA and PONCHO®-VOTIVO®. Similarly, Bacillus strains used in commercial biostimulant products include: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain FZB42 used as the active ingrédient in RHIZOVITAL® 42, as well as various other Bacillus subtilus species that are included as whole cells including their fermentation extract in biostimulant products, such as FULZYME

Other plant growth regulators include the following; Plant Growth Regulators: 1) Antlauxins, such as dofibric acid, 2,3,5-tn-iodobenzoic acid; 2) Auxins such as 4CPA, 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, 2,4-DEP, dichlorprop, fenoprop, IAA, IBA, naphthaleneacetainide, α-naphthaleneacetic acids, 1-naphthol, naphthoxyacetîc acids, 5 potassium naphthenate, sodium naphthenate, 2,4,5-T; 3) cytokinins, such as 2iP, benzyladenine, 4-hydroxyphenethyl alcohol, kinetin, zeatin; 4) défoliants, such as calcium cyanamide, dimethipin, endothal, ethephon, merphos, metoxuron, pentachlorophenol, thidiazuron, tribufos; 5) ethylene inhibitors, such as aviglycine, 1methylcyclopropene; 6) ethylene releasers, such as ACC, etacelasil, ethephon, 10 glyoxime; 7) gametocides, such as fenridazon, maleic hydrazîde; 8) gibberellins, such as gibberellins, gibberellic acid; 9) growth inhibitors, such as abscisic acid, ancymidol, butralin, carbaryl, chlorphonium, chlorpropham, dikegulac, fiumetralin, fluoridamid, fosamine, glyphosine, isopyrimol, jasmonic acid, maleic hydrazide, mepiquat, piproctanyl, prohydrojasmon, propham, tiaojiean, 2,3,5-tri-iodobenzoîc acid; 10) 15 morphactins, such as chlorfluren, chlorflurenol, dichlorflurenol, flurenoi; 11) growth retardants, such as chlormequat, daminozide, flurprimidol, mefluidide, paclobutrazol, tetcyclads, uniconazole; 12) growth stimulators, such as brassinolide, brassinolideethyl, DCPTA, forchlorfenuron, hymexazol, prosuler, triacontanol; 13) unclassified plant growth regulators, such as bachmedesh, benzofluor, bumînafos, carvone, cholîne 20 chloride, ciobutide, clofencet, cyanamide, cyclanilide, cycloheximide, cyprosulfamide, epocholeone, ethychlozate, ethylene, fuphenthiourea, furalane, heptopargil, holosulf, inabenfide, karetazan, lead arsenate, methasulfocarb, prohexadione, pydanon, sîntofen, triapenthenol, and trinexapac.

Some bilostimulant which can be used include, Macarena (seaweed product), Brique, 25 Wuxal, Optiene/Plantonik, Biozyme, Gibberellic acid (algae extract), Retrosal® (containing calcium, zinc, and spécifie active ingrédients, K-tînonîc (fuivie acid), Humitron (Humic acid), Foltron® (Folcisteine), Generate, Crop Set, Fulcrum, and Redicrop 2000, Yoduo, Stimulate®, CROP+®, SEED+®, Carbonsolo®, Kymon Plus®, which are composed of arginine, serine, phenylalanine, alanine, aspartic acid, 30 glycine, proline and hydroxyproline, glutamic acid, tryptophan, and valine. Various biostimulants commercially available include, Pollinus (seaweed product), TurfVigor and CPR (containing seaweed extract) Vilalus, Raizal® (NPK supplément), K- Fol (fertilizer), Head set® (seaweed filtrate based) and Atonik (nitrophenolate based PGR) and the like.

In an embodiment, the total amount of insecticidal compound in the composition may 5 typically be in the range of 0.1 to 99% by weight, preferably 0.2 to 90% by weight more preferably 10 to 80% by weight of the composition. The total amount of dithiocarbamate fungîcide in the composition may be in the range of 0.1 to 99% by weight. The total amount of silicic acid based plant heath promoting additive in the composition may be in the range of 0.1 to 99% by weight. The total amount of second 10 fungîcide/ insectîcide/plant growth additive in the composition may be in the range of 0.1 to 99% by weight.

In an embodiment, the constituent of the combination of the présent inventions can be admixed in ratio of (1-80): (1-80): (1-80) of the dithiocarbamate fungîcide, 15 anthranilamide insecticidal compound and the silicic acid based plant health additive respectîvely.

In an embodiment, the constituents of the compositions of the présent invention can be tank mixed and sprayed at the locus of the infection, or may be allernatîvely be 20 mixed wîth surfactants and then sprayed.

In an embodiment, the constituents of the composition of the présent invention may be used for foliar application, ground or applications to plant propagation materials.

In an embodiment, the combinations and compositions accordîng to the invention can be converled into customary formulations, typically by mixing the actives in the composition with an inert carrier, and addîng surfactants and other adjuvants and carriers as needed and formulated into solid, or liquid formulations, including but not limited to wettable powders, granules, dusts, Soluble (liquid) concentrâtes, suspension 30 concentrâtes, oil in water émulsion, water în oil émulsion, emulsifiable concentrâtes, capsule suspensions, ZC formulations, oil dispersions or other known formulation types. The composition may also be used for treatment of a plant propagation material such as seeds etc.

These formulations are produced in the known manner, for example by mixing the active compound (s) with suitable extenders, that is, liquid solvents and/or solid carriers, optionally with the use of surfactants, that is, emulsifiers and/or dispersants.

Examples of the solid carrier used in formulation include fine powders or granules such as minerais such as kaolin clay, attapulgite clay, bentonite, montmorillonite, acid white clay, pyrophyllite, talc, dîatomaceous earth and calcite; natural organic materials such as corn rachis powder and walnut husk powder; synthetic organic materials such as urea; salts such as calcium carbonate and ammonium sulfate; synthetic inorganic materials such as synthetic hydrated Silicon oxide; and as a liquid carrier, aromatic hydrocarbons such as xylene, alkylbenzene and methylnaphthalene; alcohols such as 2-propanol, ethyleneglycol, propylene glycol, and ethylene glycol monoethyl ether; ketones such as acetone, cyclohexanone and îsophorone; vegetable oil such as soybean oil and cotton seed oil; petroleum aliphatic hydrocarbons, esters, dimethylsulfoxide, 15 acelonitrile and water.

Examples of the surfactant include anionic surfactants such as alkyl sulfate ester salts, alkylaryl sulfonate salts, dialkyl sulfosuccinate salts, polyoxyethylene alkylaryl ether phosphate ester salts, lignosulfonate salts and naphthalene sulfonate formaldéhyde 20 polycondensates; and nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene alkyl aryl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkylpolyoxypropylene block copolymers and sorbitan fatty acid esters and cationic surfactants such as alkyltrimethylammonium salts.

Examples of the other formulation auxiliary agents include water-soluble poiymers 25 such as polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone, polysaccharides such as Arabie gum, alginic acid and the sait thereof, CMC (carboxymethyl- cellulose) , Xanthan gum, inorganic materials such as aluminum magnésium silicate and alumina sol, preservatives, coloring agents and stabilization agents such as PAP (acid phosphate isopropyl) and BHT.

While a certain effect on insecticidal control of the insecticide or combinations hâve been reported, and concomitantly a reduced amount of insecticides necessary for effectively controlling pests, considering environmental protection and consumer interests call for even lower rates in terms of individual applications and amounts of such compositions particularly in the agriculturai sector.

Accordîngly, the présent invention provides a more effective and synergistic 5 insecticidal compositions which reduces the need of applyîng large quanlilies of the composition on plants in order to effectively control pests such as certain insects.

In another embodiment, the présent compositions are appiied with low dose of insecticide in combination with at least a silicic acid based plant health promoting 10 additive.

A method according to an embodiment of the présent invention allows to eut the amount of insecticide previously used by at least 10% prefereably 20%, more preferably 25%, even more preferably 30%.

The amount of a composition according to the invention to be appiied, will dépend on various factors, such as the subject of the treatment, such as, for example plants, soil or seeds; the type of treatment, for example as a foliar spray and appiied either preemergence, post-emergence or both, dusting or seed dressing such as in the form of a seed coating, soil drench, and/or directly in-furrow; for the purpose of the treatment, 20 such as, for example prophylactic or therapeutic disease control. This amount of the combinations ofthe présent invention to be appiied canbe readily deduced by a skilied agronomist.

The formulaions of the présent invention appiied either straight (that is undiluted) or 25 diluted with a suitable solvent, especîally water, to the plants, plant parts and/or the surrounding can be treated and protected agaînst insects by spraying, pouring or immersing. Usually, the formulation can be diluted with water. Depending on the desired effect, the application rates of active ingrédient are from about lg/ha to about 2500 g/ha, preferably from about lOg/ha to about 1500 g/ha, more preferably from 30 about 100 g/ha to about 1000 g/ha.

In one preferred embodiment, application of flonicamid in an amount in the range of about 75g a.i. /ha to 150 a.i. /ha (150 g/ha to 300g/ha) and ortho-silicic acid in an amount of about 20 g a.i./ha to 25 g a.i./ha (1000 ml/ha to 1250 ml/ha) provide syngergistic control on însects.

The composition of the présent invention can be applied with the active insecticide 5 components obtained from a separate formulation source and mixed together for example as a tank-mix, ready-to-apply, spray broth, or slurry, optionally with other pesticides, or the active insecticide components can be obtained as a single formulation mixture for example as a pre-mix, concentrate, formulated compound (or product), and optionally mixed together with other pesticides before being applied. The active 10 compound content in the commercially available formulations can vary.

The active components of the composition can be applied to the plants, plant parts and/or their surroundîngs where control is desired either simultaneously or sequentially, for example on the same day in any order. The composition may be 15 applied just once or a plurality of times. Preferably, composition is applied a pluraiity of times, for example 1 to 6 tîmes preferably about 2 to 5 times within an inlerval of 5 days to 20 days for example the compositions are applied within an interval of 10 days to 15 days after each application.

Typically, the compositions are applied at least two-time dépending on économie 20 threshold level of însects.

In an embodiment, the compsotions of the présent invention provided for use in controlling pests selected from însects, mites, nematodes and/or phytopathogens containing at least one insecticide and ortho siiicic acid.

Depending on the nature of the active substance employed, the formulations according to the invention are suitable for any useful plants, for example grain crops, root crops, oil crops, vegetables, spices, ornamentals and the like, for example for the treatment of following plants: durum wheat and other wheat species, oats, rye, barley, maize, 30 including fodder maize and sugar maize, soybeans, brassicas, okra, cotton, sunflower, bananas, rice, oilseed râpe, beet, sugarbeet, fodder beet, aubergines, potatoes, turf, grass seed, tomatoes, leek, pumpkin/squash, cabbage, lettuces, bell peppers, cucumbers, melons, beans, peas, gariic, onions, carrots, tobacco, grapes, pétunias, géraniums, pelargoniums, pansies, and the like.

In another aspect of the présent invention pro vides a method for reducing overall 5 damage of plants and plant parts in addition to losses in harvested fruits or vegetables caused by insects, nematodes and/or phytopathogens and improving the yield and/or vigour of the plant comprising applying simultaneously or sequentially, a synergîstically effective amount of the pesticidal combination comprising at least one insecticide and plant growth promoting agent and optionally at least one fongicide on 10 the plant, plant parts, harvested fruits, vegetables and/or plant's locus of growth.

When it is said that the présent method is capable of improving the yield and/or vigour of a plant, the présent method results in an increase in eîther the yield, as described above, or the vigor of the plant, as described above, or both the yield and 15 the vigor of the plant.

The compositions according to the présent invention is effective for the following plant diseases:

Disease in rice: Blast (Magnaporthe grisea), Helminthosporium leaf spot 20 (Cochliobolus miyabeanus), sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani), and bakanae disease (Gibberella fujikuroi).

Diseases in wheat: powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis) , Fusariuin head blight (Fusarium graminearum, F. avenacerum, F. culmorum, Microdochium nivale) , rust (Puccinia striiformis, P. graminis, P. recondita) , pink snow mold (Mîcronectriella nivale), Typhula snow blight (Typhula sp . ) , loose smut (Ustilago tritici) , bunt (Tilletia caries) , eyespot (Pseudocercosporelia herpotrichoides) , leaf blotch (Mycosphaerella graminicola) , glume blotch (Stagonospora nodorum) , septoria, and yellow spot (Pyrenophora tritîci-repentis) .

Diseases of barley: powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis), Fusarium head blight (Fusarium graminearum, F. avenacerum, F. culmorum, Microdochium nivale), rust (Puccinia striiformis, P. graminis, P. hordei) , loose smut (Ustilago nuda) , scald (Rhynchosporium secalis), net blotch (Pyrenophora teres), spot blotch (Cochliobolus sativus), leaf stripe (Pyrenophora graminea) , and Rhizoctonia damping-off (Rhizoctonia solani).

Diseases in corn: smut (Ustilago maydis), brown spot (Cochliobolus heterosirophus), copper spot (Gloeocercospora sorghi), Southern rust (Puccinia polysora), gray leaf spot (Cercospora zeae-maydis), white spot (Phaeosphaeria mydis and/or Pantoea ananatis) and Rhizoctonia damping-off (Rhizoctonia solani).

Diseases of citrus; melanose (Diaporthe cïtrî), scab (Elsinoe fawcetti), pénicillium rot (Pénicillium digitatum, P.italîcum), and brown rot (Phytophthora parasitica, Phytophthora citrophthora).

Diseases of apple: blossom blight (Monilinia mali) , canker (Valsa ceratosperma) , 15 powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha) , Alternaria leaf spot (Alternaria alternata apple pathotype) , scab (Venturia inaequalis) , powdery mildew, bitter rot (Colletotrichum acutatum) , crown rot (Phytophtora cactorum) , blotch (Diplocarpon mali) , and ring rot (Botryosphaeria berengeriana) .

Diseases of pear; scab (Venturia nashicola, V. pirina) , powdery mildew, black spot 20 (Alternaria alternata Japanese pear pathotype) , rust (Gymnosporangium haraeanum) , and phytophthora fruit rot (Phytophtora cactorum).

Diseases of peach: brown rot (Monilinia fructicola) , powdery mildew, scab (Cladosporium carpophilum) , and phomopsis rot (Phomopsis sp.) .

Diseases of grape: anthracnose (Elsinoe ampelina) , ripe rot (Glomerella cingulata) , powdery mildew (Uncinula necator) , rust (Phakopsora ampelopsidis) , black rot (Guignardia bidwellii), bolrytis, and downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola).

Diseases of Japanese persimmon: anthracnose (Gloeosporium kaki) , and leaf spot 30 (Cercospora kaki, Mycosphaerella nawae) .

Diseases of gourd: anthracnose (Colletotrichum lagenarium) , powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fuliginea) , gummy stem blight (Mycosphaerella meionis) , Fusarium wiit (Fusarium oxysporum) , downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis) , Phytophthora rot (Phytophthora sp.) , and damping-off (Pythium sp . ).

Diseases of tomate: early blight (Alternaria solani) , leaf mold (Cladosporium fulvum) 5 , and late blight (Phytophthora infestans) .

Diseases of eggplant: brown spot (Phomopsis vexans) , and powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) Diseases of cruciferous vegetables: Alternaria leaf spot (Alternaria japonica) , white spot (Cercosporella brassicae) , clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae) , and downy mildew (Peronospora parasitica) .

Diseases of onion: rust (Puccînia allii) , and downy mildew (Peronospora destructor)

Diseases of soybean: purple seed stain (Cercospora kikuchiî) , sphaceloma scad (Elsinoe glycines) , pod and stem blight (Diaporthe phaseolorum var. sojae) , septorîa brown spot (Septorîa glycines), frogeye leaf spot (Cercospora sojina), rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) , Yellow rust, brown stem rot (Phytophthora sojae), and Rhizoctonia damping-off (Rhizoctonia solani).

Diseases of kidney bean: anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemthianum) . Diseases of peanut; leaf spot (Cercospora personata) , brown leaf spot (Cercospora arachidicola) and Southern blight (Sclerotium rolfsii).

Diseases of garden pea: powdery mildew (Erysiphe pisî) , and root rot (Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi) .

Diseases of potato: early blight (Alternaria solani) , late blight (Phytophthora infestans) , pink rot (Phytophthora erythroseptica) , and powdery scab (Spongospora 30 subterranean f. sp. subterranea) .

Diseases of strawberry: powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca humuli), and anthracnose (Glomerella cingulata).

Diseases of lea: net blister blight (Exobasidium reticulatum) , white scab (Elsinoe leucospila) , gray blight (Pestalotiopsis sp.), and anthracnose (Colletotrichum theaesînensis).

Diseases of lobacco: brown spot (Alternaria longîpes), powdery mil de w (Erysiphe cichoracearum), anthracnose (Colletotrichum tabacum), downy mildew (Peronospora tabacina) , and black shank (Phytophthora nicotianae).

Discases of rapeseed: sclerotinia rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) , and Rhîzoctonia damping-off (Rhîzoctonia solani) . Diseases of cotton: Rhizoctonîa damping-off (Rhîzoctonia solani).

Diseases of sugar beat: Cercospora leaf spot (Cercospora betîcoia) , leaf blight (Thanatephorus cucumeris) , Root rot (Thanatephorus cucumeris), and Aphanomyces root rot (Aphanomyces cochlioîdes) .

Diseases of rose: black spot (Diplocarpon rosae) , powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca pannosa) , and downy mildew (Peronospora sparsa). Diseases of chrysanthemum and asteraceous plants: downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) , leaf blight (Septoria chrysanthemi-indici) , and while rust (Puccinia horiana).

Diseases of varions groups: diseases caused by Pythium spp. (Pythium aphanidermatum, Pythium debarianum, Pythium graminicola, Pythium irregulare, Pythium ultimum), gray mold. (Botrytis cinerea), and Sclerotinia rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum),

Disease of Japanese radish: Alternaria leaf spot (Alternaria brassicicola).

Diseases of turfgrass: dollar spot (Sclerotinia homeocarpa), and brown patch and large patch (Rhîzoctonia solani).

Disease of banana: Black sigatoka (Mycosphaerella fïjiensis), Yellow sigatoka (Mycosphaerella musicola).

Disease of sunflower: downy mildew (Plasmopara halstedii) .

Seed diseases or diseases in the early stages of the growth of various plants caused by Aspergillus spp., Pénicillium spp., Fusarium spp., Gibberella spp., Tricoderma spp., Thielaviopsis spp., Rhizopus spp., Mucor spp., Corticium spp., Phoma spp., Rhizoctonia spp. and Diplodîa spp.

Viral diseases of various plants mediated by Polymixa spp. or Olpidîum spp. and so on.

In an embodiment the présent invention provides a method of controiling insects or 10 preventing damage to a plant, comprising applying to the plant, part of a plant, plant organ, and/or plant propagation material thereof, a synergistically effective amount of combination comprising at least one insecticide and at least one plant health promoting agent.

The compositions according to the présent invention is synergistically effective for the following plant treatments against pests preferably insects.

In an embodiment the insect pests controlled by the combinations of the présent invention may belong to the class Insecta, Arachnida and Nematoda. Exemplary pests 20 may include: from the order Lepidoplera, pests such as Acleris spp., Adoxophyes spp., Aegerîa spp,, Agrotis spp., Alabama argillaceae, Amylois spp., Anticarsia genimatalis, Archips spp., Argyrotaenia spp., Autographa spp., Busseola fnsea, Cadra cautella, Carposina nipponensis, Chilo spp., Choristoneura spp., Clysia ambiguella, Cnaphalocrocis spp., Cnephasia spp., Cochylis spp., Coleophora spp., Crocîdolomia 25 spp., Cryptophlebia leucotreta, Crysodeixis includens, Cydia spp., Diatraea spp., Diparopsis castanea, Earias spp., Elasmopalpus spp., Ephestia spp., Eucosma spp., Eupoecilia ambiguella, Euproctîs spp., Euxoa spp., Grapholita spp., Hedya nubiferana, Heliothis spp., Hellula undalis, Hyphantria cunea, Keîferia lycopersicella, Leucoptera scitella, Lithocollethis spp., Lobesia botrana, Lymantria spp., Lyonetia spp., 30 Malacosoma spp., Maniestra brassicae, Manduca sexta, Operophtera spp., Ostrinia nubilalis, Pammene spp., Pandemis spp., Panolis flammea, Pectinophora gossypiella, Phthorimaea operculella, Pieris rapae, Pierîs spp.. Pinte lia xylostella, Prays spp., Scirpophaga spp., Sesamia spp., Sparganothîs spp., Spodoptera spp., Synanthedon spp., Thaumetopoea spp., Tortrix spp., Trichoplusia ni and Yponomeuta spp.; from the order Coleoptera, pest such as Agriotes spp., Anthonomus spp., Atomaria linearis, Ceulorhynchus spp., Chaetocnema tibialis, Cosmopolites spp., Curculio spp., Dermestes spp., Diabrotica spp., Epilachna spp., Eremnus spp., Gonocephalum spp., 5 Heteronychus spp,, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Lissorhoptrus spp., Melolontha spp., Orycaephiius spp., Otiorhynchus spp., Phlyctinus spp., Phyllotreta spp., Popillîa spp., Protostrophus spp., Psylliodes spp., Rhizopertha spp., Scarabeidae, Sitophilus spp., Sitotroga spp., Tenebrio spp., Tribolium spp. and Trogoderma spp.; from the order Orthoptera, pests such as Blatta spp., Blattella spp., Gryllolalpa spp., Leucophaea maderae, Locusta spp., Perîplaneta spp. and Schistocerca spp.; from the order Isoptera, pests such as Reticulîtermes spp,; from the order Psocoptera pest such as, Liposcelis spp.; from the order Anoplura, pests such as Haematopinus spp., Linognathus spp., Pediculus spp., Pemphigus spp. and Phylloxéra spp.; from the order Mallophaga pests such as Damalinea spp. and Trichodectes spp.; rom the order

Thysanoptera, pests such as Frankliniella spp., Hercinothrips spp., Taenîothrips spp., Thrips palmi, Thrîps tabaci and Scirtothrips aurantii; from the order Heteroptera, pests such as Dichelops melacanthus, Distantiella theobroma, Dysdercus spp., Euchistus spp., Eurygaster spp., Leptocorisa spp., Nezara spp., Piesma spp., Rhodnius spp., Sahlbergella singularis, Scotînophara spp. and Triatoma spp.; from the order

Homoptera, insect pests such as Aleurothrixus floccosus, Aleyrodes brassicae,

Aonidiella spp., Aphididae, Aphis spp., Aspidîotus spp., Bemisia tabaci, Ceropiaster spp., Chrysomphalus aonidium, Chrysomphalus dictyospermi, Coccus hesperîdum, Empoasca spp., Eriosoma larigerum, Erythroneura spp., Gascardia spp., Laodelphax spp., Lecanium corni, Lepidosaphes spp., Macrosiphus spp., Myzus spp., Nephotettix spp., Nilaparvata spp., Paratoria spp., Pemphigus spp., Planococcus spp., Pseudaulacaspis spp., Pseudococcus spp., Psylla spp., Pulvinaria aethiopica, Quadraspidiotus spp., Rhopalosiphum spp., Saissetia spp., Scaphoideus spp., Schizaphis spp., Sitobion spp., Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Trioza erytreae and Unaspis citri; from the order Hymenoptera, insect pests such as Acromyrmex, Athalia rosae, Atta spp., Cephus spp., Diprion spp., Diprionidae, Gilpinia polytoma, Hoplocampa spp., Lasîus spp., Monomorium pharaonis, Neodiprion spp., Solenopsîs spp. and Vespa spp.; from the order Diptera, insect pests such as Antherigona soccata, Bibio hortulanus, Ceratitis spp., Chrysomyia spp., Culex spp., Cuterebra spp., Dacus spp., Deha spp., Drosophiia melanogaster, Liriomyza spp., Melanagromyza spp., Orseolia spp., Oscinella frit, Pegomyia hyoscyami, Phorbia spp., Rhagolelis pornonella, Sciara spp.; from the order Acarina, pests such as Acarus siro, Acerîa sheldoni, Aculus schlechtendali, Amblyomma spp., Argas spp., Brevipalpus spp., Bryobia praetiosa, Calipitrimerus spp., Chorioptes spp., Dermanyssus galbnae, Eotetranychus carpinî, Eriophyes spp., Hyalomma spp., Olygonychus pratensis, Ornithodoros spp., Panonychus spp., Phyllocoptruta spp. (such as Phyllocoptruta oleivora), Poiyphagotarsonemus latus, Psoroptes spp., Rhipicephalus spp., Rhizoglyphus spp.. Sarcoptes spp., Tarsonemus spp. and Tetranychus spp.; and from the class Nematoda, the species of Meloidogyne spp. (for example, Meloidogyne incoginita and Meloidogyne javanica), Heterodera spp. (for example, Heterodera glycines, Heterodera schachtii, Heterodora avenae and Heterodora trîfolii), Globodera spp. (for example, Globodera rostochiensis), Radopholus spp. (for example, Radopholus similes), Rotylenchulus spp., Pratylenchus spp. (for example, Pratylenchus neglectans and Pratylenchus penetrans), Aphelenchoides spp., Helicotylenchus spp., Hoplolaimus spp., Paratrichodorus spp., Longidorus spp., Nacobbus spp., Subanguina spp. Belonlaimus spp., Criconemella spp., Criconemoides spp. Ditylenchus spp., Dolichodorus spp., Hemicriconemoides spp., Hemicycliophora spp., Hirschmaniella spp., Hypsoperine spp., Macroposthonia spp., Melinius spp., Punctodera spp., Quinisulcius spp., Scutcllonema spp., Xiphinema spp., and Tylenchorhynchus spp.

The synergistic însecticîdal composition of the invention is found to be highly active against a wide variety of chewing, boring and sucking insects, e.g. Aphids, thrîps, iepidopterous larvae, sawflies, leafminers, leafhoppers, cutworms, whiteflies, soil insects, termites and some species of bitting insects, such as rice water weevil on Colarado beetle etc.

Preferably, the insecticidal composition of the invention is found to be highly active against insects for example sucking pest scuh as aphids, Jassids and fall armyworm.

Preferably, the insecticidal composition of the invention provides synergistic control of fall aphids and Jassids in okra crop.

In preferred embodiment, the insecticidal composition comprising Flonicamid and ortho silicic acid provides synergistic control of Aphids and Jassids in okra crop.

In preferred embodiment, the insecticidal composition comprising acetamipride and ortho silicic acid provides synergistic control of Aphids and Jassids in okra crop.

In preferred embodiment, the insecticidal composition comprising Imidacloprid and ortho silicic acid provides synergistic control of Aphids and Jassids in okra crop.

In preferred embodiment, the insecticidal composition comprising Imidacloprid, acephate and ortho silicic acid provides synergistic control of Aphids and Jassids în okra crop.

In preferred embodiment, the synergistic insecticidal composition comprising Flonicamid, fipronil and ortho silicic acid provides synergistic control of Aphids and Jassids in okra crop.

In another embodiment, the synergistic insecticidal composition of the invention is found to be highly active against fall armyworm (EAW).

FAW (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a lepidopteran polyphagous pest native to tropical and subtropical régions, one of the most important maize pests. It beiongs to the genus Spodoptera, known as armyworms, the group of Noctuidae that causes the highest monetary losses to agriculture worldwide.

Preferably, the synergistic insecticidal combination of the invention compising at least one insecticide and plant growth promoting agent provide at least 10 % to 15% increase in the control of fall armyworm than without plant growth promoting agent treatments.

In preferred embodiment, the insecticidal composition comprising chlorotroniprole and ortho silicic acid provides synergistic control of fall armyworm in corn crop.

In preferred embodiment, the insecticidal composition comprising Novaluron and ortho silicic acid (OSA) provides synergistic control of fall armyworm in corn crop.

In preferred embodiment, the insecticidal composition comprising Novaluron, Lambda cyhaothrin and ortho silicic acid provides synergistic control of fall 5 armyworm in corn crop.

In preferred embodiment, the insecticidal composition comprising Novaluron, Emamectin and ortho silicic acid provides synergistic control of fall armyworm in corn crop.

Thus, in an embodiment, the présent invention provides a combination comprising Flonicamid and ortho-silicic acid for synergîsitic control of insects.

In an embodiment, the présent invention provides a composition comprising the combination as described in any of the above embodiments, and at least one agrochemîcally acceptable excipient.

In another aspect, the présent invention provides a method to reduce the amount of insecticide in the formulation and application rates and broaden the activity the însecticide(s) against insects, mîtes, nematodes and/or phytopathogens.

In another aspect, the présent invention provides a method of controlling fungal and/or insecticidal pests at a locus and promoting health of the plant, said method comprising applying a combination comprising at least one insecticide and at least one plant health promoting agent optionally at least one fungîcide.

In another aspect, the présent invention provides a method of treating plant from pests comprising applying a combination of at least one insecticide and at least one plant health promoting agent optionally at least one fungîcide.

In another aspect, the présent invention provides a method for partial or complété 30 préventive and/curative treatment of plant or propagation material thereof using a insecticidal composition comprüng at least one insecticide and at least one plant health promoting agent.

In another aspect the present invention provides a method of controlling unwanted pests on plants or propagation material thereof, said method comprising applying an agrochemîcally effective amount of a combination to the pests or to their locus, comprising at Ieast one insecticide and at least one plant health promoting agent 5 optionally with one or more agrochemîcally acceptable excipients.

In an embodiment, the present invention provides a method of controlling Aphids in Okra comprising applying, to the locus, a combination or a composition as described in any of the above embodiments.

In an embodiment, the present invention provides a method of controlling Jassids în Okra comprising applying, to the locus, a combination or a composition of present invention.

In an embodiment, the present invention provides a method of controlling Fall Army Worm in corn comprising applying, to the locus to be treated, a combination or a composition of present invention.

Thus, in an embodiment, the present invention provides a combination comprising 20 Flonicamid and ortho-silicic acid.

Thus, in an embodiment, the present invention provides a combination comprising acetamipirid and ortho-silicic acid.

Thus, in an embodiment, the present invention provides a combination comprising acephate, imidaloprid and ortho-silicic acid.

Thus, in an embodiment, the present invention provides a combination comprising acephate, and ortho-silicic acid.

Thus, in an embodiment, the present invention provides a combination comprising imidaloprid and ortho-silicic acid.

In an embodiment, the présent invention provides a composition comprising the combination as described in any of the above embodiments, and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient.

In an embodiment, the présent invention provides a method of controlling sucking pests/ mîtes comprising applying, to the locus to be treated, a combination or a composition as described in any of the above embodiments.

In an aspect the présent invention provides use of a composition for controlling insects comprising at least one insecticide and at least one plant health promoting agent.

In another aspect the présent invention provides use of said combination of at least one insecticide and at least one plant health promoting agent or composition thereof, for reducîng overall damage of plants and plant parts as well as losses in harvested fruits or vegetables caused by insects, mites, nematodes and/or phytopathogens.

In another aspect, the présent invention provides use of a combination at locus to be treated against insects, mites, nematodes and/or phytopathogens, comprising applying at locus to be treated a combination of at least one insecticide and at least one plant health agent.

In another aspect, the présent invention provides use of a combination to promote health of the plant, comprising applying to a plant to be treated a combination of comprising at least one insecticide and at least one plant health promoting agent.

In an embodiment use of présent compositions comprising contacting insects with a synergisticaliy effective amount of a combination of comprising at least one insecticide and at least one silisic acid based plant health promoting agent.

The compositions of the présent invention can be used in agricultural lands such as fields, paddy fields, lawns and orchards or in non-agricultural lands. The présent invention may be used to control diseases in agricultural lands for cultivating the plants without any phytotoxicity to the plant.

Examples of the crops on which the présent compositions may be used include but are not limited to corn, rice, wheat, barley, rye, oat, sorghum, cotton, soybean, peanut, buckwheat, beet, rapeseed, sunflower, sugar cane, tobacco, etc.; vegetables: okra, solanaceous vegetables such as eggplant, tomato, pimento, pepper, potato, etc., cucurbit vegetables such as cucumber, pumpkin, zucchini, water melon, melon, squash, etc., cruciferous vegetables such as radish, white turnip, horseradish, kohlrabi, Chinese cabbage, cabbage, leaf mustard, broccoli, cauliflower, etc., asteraceous vegetables such as burdock, crown daisy, artichoke, letluce, etc, liliaceous vegetables such as green onion, onion, garlic, and asparagus, ammiaceous vegetables such as carrot, parsley, celery, parsnîp, etc., chenopodiaceous vegetables such as spinach, Swiss chard, etc., lamiaceous vegetables such as Perilla frutescens, mini, basil, etc, strawberry, sweet potato, Dioscorea japonica, colocasia, etc., flowers, foliage plants, turf grasses, fruits: pome fruits such apple, pear, quince, etc, stone fleshy fruits such as peach, plum, nectarine, Prunus munie, cherry fruit, apricot, prune, etc., cîtrus fruits such as orange, lemon, rime, grapefruit, etc., nuts such as chestnuts, walnuts, hazelnuts, almond, pistachio, cashew nuts, macadamia nuts, etc. berries such as blueberry, cranberry, blackberry, raspberry, etc., grape, kaki fruit, olive, plum, banana, coffee, date palm, coconuts, etc., trees other than fruit trees; tea, mulberry, flowering plant, trees such as ash, birch, dogwood, Eucalyptus, Ginkgo biloba, lilac, maple, Quercus, poplar, Judas tree, Liquidambar formosana, plane tree, zelkova, Japanese arborvitae, fir wood, hemlock, juniper, Pinus, Picea, and Taxus cuspîdate, etc.

In an aspect, the présent invention may provide methods of controiling fungal and/or insecticidal pests at a locus and promoting health of the plant, said method comprising applying a combination comprising:

(a) at least one insecticide and (b) silicic acid based plant health promoting additive.

In another aspect, the présent invention may provide methods of controiling fungal and/or insecticidal pests at a locus and promoting health of the plant, said method comprising applying a combination comprising:

(c) at least one insecticide;

(d) at least one dithiocarbamate fungicide; and (e) silicic acid based plant health promoting additive.

In an embodiment, the insecticide, the dithiocarbamate fungicide and the silicic acid based plant health promoting additive may be selected according to any of the preferred embodiments of the combinations described hereinabove.

In an aspect, the présent combinations may be used to promote health of the plant, said method comprising applying a combination of:

(a) at least one insecticide;

(b) at least one dithiocarbamate fungicide; and (c) silicic acid based plant health promoting additive.

In an embodiment, the insecticide, the dithiocarbamate fungicide and the silicic acid based plant health promoting additive may be selected according to any of the preferred embodiments of the combinations described hereinabove.

The combinations of the présent invention may be sold as a pre-mix composition or a kit of parts such that individual actives may be mixed before spray ing. Allernatively, the kit of parts may contain the dithiocarbamate fungicide and the second and/or third fungicide pre-mixed and the insecticide may be admixed with an adjuvant and the silicic acid based plant health additive packaged separately, such that the three components may be tank mixed before spraying.

In an embodiment the présent invention provides a kit of parts comprising comprising at least one insecticide, at least one plant health promoting agent optionally with one or more agrochemically acceptable excipients and an instruction information to apply said components at the locus to be treated against pests specifically insects.

In an embodiment the présent invention provides a kit of parts further comprising comprising at least one fungicide.

The composition of the présent invention maybe applied simultaneously as a tank mix or a formulation or may be applied sequentially. The application may be made to the soîl before emergence of the plants, either pre-planting or post-plantîng, The application may be made as a foliar spray at different tîmings during crop development, with either one or two or three applications early or late post-emergence. In exemplary embodiments, some preferred embodiments according to the present invention include the following preferred combinations.

In an embodiment, the present invention may also provide compositions comprising the combinations as exemplifîed in the table below, and at least one agrochemîcally acceptable excipient.

Insecticide [A]	Silicic acid [B]	Fungicide [C]
Chlorfenapyr	Metasilicic acid	-
Chlorfenapyr	Orthosilicic acid	-
Chlorfenapyr	Disilicic acid	-
Chlorfenapyr	Pyrosilicic acid	-
Thiocyclam	Metasilicic acid	-
Thiocyclam	Orthosilicic acid	-
Thiocyclam	Disilicic acid	•
Thiocyclam	Pyrosilicic acid	-
Methoxy fenozide	Metasilicic acid	•
Methoxyfenozide	Orthosilicic acid	•
Methoxyfenozide	Disilicic acid	-
Methoxyfenozide	Pyrosilicic acid	-
Novaluron	Metasilicic acid	-
Novaluron	Orthosilicic acid	-
Novaluron	Disilicic acid	-
Novaluron	Pyrosilicic acid	-
Flonicamid	Metasilicic acid	•
Flonicamid	Orthosilicic acid	-
Flonicamid	Disilicic acid	-
Flonicamid	Pyrosilicic acid	-
Acetamiprid	Metasilicic acid	-
Acetamiprid	Orthosilicic acid	-
Acetamiprid	Disilicic acid	•

Acetamiprid	Pyrosilîcic acid	-
Acephate	Metasilicic acid	-
Acéphale	Orthosilicic acid	-
Acephate	Disilicic acid	•
Acephate	Pyrosilicic acid	-
Dimethoate	Metasilicic acid
Dimethoate	Orthosilicic acid	-
Dimethoate	Disilicic acid	-
Dimethoate	Pyrosilicic acid	-
Methamidophos	Metasilicic acid	-
Methamidophos	Orthosilicic acid	-
Methamidophos	Disilicic acid	-
Methamidophos	Pyrosilicic acid	-
Phosphamidon	Metasilicic acid	-
Phosphamidon	Orthosilicic acid	-
Phosphamidon	Disilicic acid	-
Phosphamidon	Pyrosilicic acid	-
Quinalphos	Metasilicic acid	-
Quinalphos	Orthosilicic acid	-
Quinalphos	Disilicic acid	-
Quinalphos	Pyrosilicic acid	-
Flonicamid	Metasilicic acid	Mancozeb
Flonicamid	Orthosilicic acid	Mancozeb
Flonicamid	Disilicic acid	Mancozeb
Flonicamid	Pyrosilicic acid	Mancozeb
Chlorfenapyr	Metasilicic acid	Mancozeb
Chlorfenapyr	Orthosilicic acid	Mancozeb
Chlorfenapyr	Disilicic acid	Mancozeb
Chlorfenapyr	Pyrosilicic acid	Mancozeb
Thiocyclam	Metasilicic acid	Mancozeb
Thiocyclam	Orthosilicic acid	Mancozeb
Thiocyclam	Disilicic acid	Mancozeb

Thiocyclam	Pyrosilicic acid	Mancozeb
Methoxyfenozide	Metasilicic acid	Mancozeb
Methoxyfenozide	Orthosilîcic acid	Mancozeb
Methoxyfenozide	Disilicic acid	Mancozeb
Methoxyfenozide	Pyrosilicic acid	Mancozeb
Novaluron	Metasilicic acid	Mancozeb
Novaluron	Orthosilîcic acid	Mancozeb
Novaluron	Disilicic acid	Mancozeb
Novaluron	Pyrosilicic acid	Mancozeb
Quinalphos	Metasilicic acid	Mancozeb
Quinalphos	Orthosilîcic acid	Mancozeb
Quinalphos	Disilicic acid	Mancozeb
Quinalphos	Pyrosilicic acid	Mancozeb
Acetamiprid	Metasilicic acid	Mancozeb
Aœtamiprid	Orthosilîcic acid	Mancozeb
Acetamiprid	Disilicic acid	Mancozeb
Acetamiprid	Pyrosilicic acid	Mancozeb
Acephate	Metasilicic acid	Mancozeb
Acephate	Orthosilîcic acid	Mancozeb
Acephate	Disilicic acid	Mancozeb
Acephate	Pyrosilicic acid	Mancozeb
Dimethoate	Metasilicic acid	Mancozeb
Dimethoate	Orthosilîcic acid	Mancozeb
Dimethoate	Disilicic acid	Mancozeb
Dimethoate	Pyrosilicic acid	Mancozeb
Methamidophos	Metasilicic acid	Mancozeb
Methamidophos	Orthosilîcic acid	Mancozeb
Methamidophos	Disilicic acid	Mancozeb
Methamidophos	Pyrosilicic acid	Mancozeb
Phosphamidon	Metasilicic acid	Mancozeb
Phosphamidon	Orthosilîcic acid	Mancozeb

Phosphamidon	Dîsilicic acid	Mancozeb
Phosphamidon	Pyrosilicic acid	Mancozeb
Chlorantraniliprole	Metasilîcic acid	Mancozeb
Chlorantraniliprole	Orthosilicic acid	Mancozeb
Chlorantraniliprole	Dîsilicic acid	Mancozeb
Chlorantraniliprole	Pyrosilicic acid	Mancozeb
Cyantraniliprole	Metasilîcic acid	Mancozeb
Cyantranilîprole	Orthosilicic acid	Mancozeb
Cyantraniliprole	Dîsilicic acid	Mancozeb
Cyantraniliprole	Pyrosilicic acid	Mancozeb
Flubendiamide	Metasilîcic acid	Mancozeb
Flubendiamîde	Orthosilicic acid	Mancozeb
Flubendiamide	Dîsilicic acid	Mancozeb
Flubendiamide	Pyrosilicic acid	Mancozeb
Flonicamid	Metasilîcic acid	Folpet
Flonicamîd	Orthosilicic acid	Folpet
Flonicamid	Dîsilicic acid	Folpet
Flonicamid	Pyrosilicic acid	Folpet
Cyantraniliprole	Metasilîcic acid	Folpet
Cyantraniliprole	Orthosilicic acid	Folpet
Cyantraniliprole	Dîsilicic acid	Folpet
Cyantraniliprole	Pyrosilicic acid	Folpet
Flubendiamide	Metasilîcic acid	Folpet
Flubendiamide	Orthosilicic acîd	Folpet
Flubendiamide	Dîsilicic acid	Folpet
Flubendiamide	Pyrosilicic acid	Folpet
Flonicamid	Metasilîcic acid	Chlorothalonil
Flonicamid	Orthosilicic acîd	Chlorothalonil
Flonicamid	Dîsilicic acid	Chlorothalonil
Flonicamid	Pyrosilicic acîd	Chlorothalonil
Cyantraniliprole	Metasilîcic acid	Chlorothalonil
Cyantraniliprole	Orthosilicic acid	Chlorothalonil

•
	Cyantraniliprole	Disilicic acid	Chlorothalonil
Cyantranilîprole	Pyrosilicic acid	Chlorothalonil
Flubendiamide	Metasilicic acid	Chlorothalonil
Flubendiamîde	Orthosîlicic acid	Chlorothalonil
Flubendiamide	Disilicic acid	Chlorothalonil
Flubendiamide	Pyrosilicic acid	Chlorothalonil
Chlorantraniliprole	Metasilicic acid	TBCS
Chlorantraniliprole	Orthosîlicic acid	TBCS
Chlorantranil iprole	Disilicic acid	TBCS
Chlorantrani 1 iprole	Pyrosilicic acid	TBCS
Cyantraniliprole	Metasilicic acid	TBCS
Cyantraniliprole	Orthosîlicic acid	TBCS
Cyantraniliprole	Disilicic acid	TBCS
Cyantraniliprole	Pyrosilicic acid	TBCS
Flubendiamide	Metasilicic acid	TBCS
Flubendiamide	Orthosîlicic acid	TBCS
Flubendiamide	Disilicic acid	TBCS
Flubendiamide	Pyrosilicic acid	TBCS
Chlorantraniliprole	Metasilicic acid	Mancozeb
Chlorantraniliprole	Orthosîlicic acid	Mancozeb
Chlorantraniliprole	Disilicic acid	Mancozeb
Chlorantraniliprole	Pyrosilicic acid	Mancozeb

These combinations only represent the exemplary embodiments of the présent invention and are in no way to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

In ail the embodiments described herein in the above table, the fungicide [C] may be présent or may be absent altogether from the combinations. However, the presence of sîlicic acid [B] is essential according to the présent invention.

The compositions according to the invention can be applied before or after infection of the useful plants or the propagation material thereof by the fungi.

As demonstrated in the examples, the addition of a silicic acid based plant health promotîng additive to a combination of insecticidal compound (s), greatly improved the disease control as well as improved yield and demonstrated a synergistic effect. The lower the mixture performance in the disease control, the greater the additional 5 benefit of the silicic acid based plant health promotîng additive when added to the compositions of the présent invention.

The rates of application of insecticide may vary, according to type of crop, the spécifie active ingrédient, the number of active ingrédients, type of plant propagation material but is such that the active îngredient(s) is in an effective amount to provide the desired 10 action (such as disease or pest control) and can be determined by triais.

While the foregoing written description of the invention enables one of ordinary skill to make and use what is considered presently to be the best mode thereof, those of ordinary skill will understand and appreciate the existence of variations, combinations, 15 and équivalents of the spécifie embodiment, method, and examples herein. The invention should therefore not be limited by the above described embodiment, method, and examples, but by ail embodiments and methods within the scope and spirit of the invention.

Example 1

Trials were conducted to test the efficacy of the combination of Flonicamid and Orthosilicic acid on controlling Okra Aphids at different dosages. Table 1 below summarises the resuit of the trials.

Table 1

Sr. No.	Treatments	Dose (gm/ha)	Percent control
			B01	C-01	C-10	Mean
	Untreated	—	[167.9]	[318.1]	[171.9]	—
1	OSA + Flonicamid	625+50	96.7	98.1	99.5	98.1
2	Flonicamid	75	88.8	91.8	96	92.2
3	OSA	1250	29.6	23.3	26.7	26.53

Conclusion:

• The combination of Flonicamid + OSA showed synergy against control of Okra Aphîds than solo application of Flonicamid.

Exampie 2

Trials were conducted to test the efficacy of the combination of Flonicamid and Orthosilicic acid on controlling Okra Mites at different dosages post 2^nd and 3^rd application. Table 2 below summarises the resuit of the trials.

Table 2

Sr. No.	Treatments	Dose (gm/ha)	Percent control
			B07	C-01	C-10	Mean
	Untreated	--	[131.1]	[151.2]	[302.9]	—
1	OSA + Flonicamid	625+50	55.5	62.0	52.6	56.7
2	OSA + Acetamîpirid	625+50	44.8	46.4	37.7	42.96
3	OSA + Lancer Gold	625+650	35.9	42.0	38.1	38.66
4	OSA	1250	10	19.3	11.7	13.66
5	Flonicamid	75	31.8	39.5	34.0	35.1
6	Acetamipirid	50	24.6	26.9	22.2	24.56
7	Lancer gold	650	14.4	19.6	20.4	18.13

Conclusion:

From the above data it is concluded that the combination of an insecticide with OSA showed synergy against control of mites than solo application of insecticide.

Example 3

The following field trials were carried out for further évaluation of the synergistic insecticidal effect of a combination of insecticide plus plant growth promoting agent (OSA) against Corn Fall armyworm (FAW) (Spodoptera frugiperda).

Application method: Two applications (application A and B) wîthing an interval of 14 days. A01 = 1 day after first spray, A14 = 14days after Ist spray, B03= 3days after 2nd spray.

Table 3

Sr. No.	Treatments	Dose	Target insect: Corn FAW (Spodoptera frugiperda) Post Ist & 2nd application Percent control (%)
Active
		(gm a. i./ha)	A01	A14	B03	B07	B10	B21
T-l	Untreated Check		[C4]	[2.5]	[3.0]	[3.3]	[3-6]	[4.6]
T-2	OSA + CTPR	25 + 30	71.7	80.3	89.8	93.7	95.3	93.4
T-3	OSA + Acephate	25 + 970	63.0	73.8	78.7	83.4	87.7	86.0
T-4	OSA + Novaluron	25 + 75	69.5	78.9	83.2	91.7	91.5	88.5
T-5	OSA + Novaluron + Lambda cyhaothrin	25+90	72.2	82.8	86.5	93.8	94.5	91.3
T-6	OSA + Novaluron + Emamectin	25 + 125	76.8	86.9	93.1	96.9	96.4	94.2
T-7	OSA	25	32.4	47.4	53.7	58.6	60.6	59.0
T-8	CTPR	30	67.6	75.2	79.9	86.8	88.9	87.0
T-9	Acephate	970	58.1	69.7	76.4	80.5	83.2	80.3
T-10	Novaluron	75	6Û.5	72.5	79.9	88.8	88.9	84.7
T-ll	Novaluron + Lambda cyhalothrin	90	67.6	76.4	84.2	89.5	90.7	89.0
T-12	Novaluron + Emamectin	125	72.2	81.7	90.0	94.8	93.4	91.2
'LSD P=.O5		14.4	4.65	5.92	5.25	6.27	5.16

The above treatments were repeated with 25% reduced dose of insecticide compound.

The resuits are represented in table below.

Table 4

Sr. No.	Treatments	Dose Active	Target insect : Corn FAW (Spodoptera frugiperda) Post lst & 2nd application Percent control (%)
		(gm a. i./ha)	A01	A14	B03	B07	B10	B21
T-l	Untreated Check	-	[1.61	[2.91	[3.31	[3-81	[4.21	[4.6]
T-2	OSA + CTPR	25 + 22.5	65.8	79.3	89	92.9	95.2	93.5
T-3	OSA + Acephate	25 + 730	56.9	62	70.9	75.5	76.2	75.4
T-4	OSA + Novaluron	25+56	61.6	73.6	81	84.2	85.7	87.0
T-5	OSA + Novaluron + Lambda cyhalothrîn	25 + 67.5	72.4	75.9	86	87.7	90.5	90.5
T-6	OSA + Novaluron + Emamectin	25 + 93.5	70.2	77	88	92.1	95.3	94.2
T-7	OSA	25	29.3	44.8	51.9	61.4	57.9	56.5
T-8	CTPR	22.5	57.1	66.8	75	77.2	76.2	74.6
T-9	Acephate	730	46.8	50.3	62.1	63.9	64.1	61.6
T-10	Novaluron	56	59.3	58.7	68.9	70.1	74.6	73.9
T-ll	Novaluron + Lambda cyhalothrîn	67.5	54.9	62	67	73.6	76.1	75.3
T-12	Novaluron + Emamectin	93.5	57.1	65.6	72.9	76.3	81	79.7
	'LSD P=.O5		13.56	14.23	8.31	7.13	7.18	4.52

Conclusion:

The combination of OSA with CTPR, Novaluron + Emamectin, Novaluron + Lambda 5 cyhalolhrin & Novaluron provided excellent control of Fall armyworm in corn. When insecticide îs mixed OSA showed synergy and increased efficacy against the target insect. Further reduced amount of insecticide in combination with OSA also provided excellent control of Fall armyworm in corn.

Exampie 4

The following field trials demonstrate the synergistic insecticidal effect of a combination of insecticide plus plant growth promoting agent (OSA) against sucking pests of okra particularly Aphid and Jassid.

In this évaluation, feeding damage & insect population on Okra Leaves before and 5 after sprays is averaged and analyzed for the test of significance. Application method:

Three applications (application A, B and C) within an interval of 14 days.

The results are represented in below tables.

Table 5

Sr. No.	Treatments	Dose Active	Percent control (%) of Okra Aphids (Aphis gossypii)Post 2nd and 3rd application Nymphs + Adults
		(gm a. i./ha)	A01	A10	B03	B07	B10	C03	CIO
T-l	Untreated Check	-	[46.8]	[116.4]	[239.6]	[268.7]	[285.4]	[294.6]	[231.7]
T-2	OSA + Flonicamid	25 + 100	80.2	98.7	99.4	100	100	100	100
T-3	OSA + Acephate + Imidacloprid	25 + 520	67.4	81.9	83.3	85.9	85.7	85.9	86.5
T-4	OSA + Flonicamid + Fipronil	25 + 100+50	82.2	100	100	100	100	100	100
T-5	OSA + Imidacloprid	25 +24.5	67.5	85.7	86.2	88.7	87	86.7	88.6
T-6	OSA + Acetamiprid	25 + 15	74.1	88.7	89.8	90.3	90.1	90.2	91.5
T-7	OSA	25	32.3	48.5	52	56	56.1	57	59.7
T-8	Flonicamid	100	78.2	91.9	95.1	95.5	93	94.7	94.9
T-9	Acephate +Imidacloprid	520	66.9	76.5	74.7	78.4	77.6	76.5	77.2

T- 10	Flonicamid + Fipronil	100+50	82.4	96.3	97.9	97.2	94.5	97.2	95
T- 11	Imidacloprid	24.5	66.9	82	80.7	82.7	82.2	81.3	82.6
Τ- Ι 2	Acetamiprid	15	71.1	86.1	86.8	86.7	85	87.4	87.6
	'LSD P=.O5		5.17	5.17	1.18	1.06	0.9	0.9	1.07

A01 = 1 day after first spray, A14 = 14days after lst spray, B03= 3days after 2nd spray and C03= 3 days after third spray.

Table 5A

Sr. No.	Treatments	Dose Active	Percent control (%) of Okra Aphids (Aphis gossypii)Post lst, 2nd and 3rd application Nymphs + Adults
		(gm a. i./ha)	A01	A14	B03	B07	B10	C03	CIO
T-l	Untreated Check		[43.2]	[201.5]	[251.4]	[282.7]	[301.5]	[292.6]	[246.5]
T-2	OSA + Flonicamid	25 + 75	74.5	88.8	97.5	100	100	100	100
T-3	OSA + Acephate + Imidacloprid	25 + 390	65.3	76.4	81.5	84.1	85.9	85	85.3
T-4	OSA + Flonicamid + Fipronil	25 + 75+37.5	75.2	91.7	99.4	100	100	100	100
T-5	OSA + Imidacloprid	25 + 18.3	64.2	76.6	83.4	87.6	87.6	83.6	89.1
T-6	OSA + Acetamiprid	25 + 11.2	69.3	81	85.4	89.4	90.8	87.6	90
T-7	OSA	25	30.2	47	55	57.7	55.7	59.4	60.3
T-8	Ulala	75	71.8	76.1	90.4	91.4	91.1	91.4	92.4

T-9	Acephate +Imidacloprid	390	61.9	63.4	69.4	73.6	73.4	75.1	75.1
T-10	Flonicamid + Fipronii	75+37.5	73.2	79.3	90.4	92.3	93.1	90.7	93
T-ll	Imidacloprid	18.3	62.7	64.3	74.4	77.2	79.1	75.4	78
Τ-12	Acetamiprid	11.2	64.8	74.7	79.7	81.8	82.5	86.9	86.5
	'LSD P=.O5		3.22	0.89	0.35	0.35	0.66	0.59	0.68

Table 6

Sr. No.	Trealments	Dose Rate Active	Percent control (%) of Ol (Amrasca bigutulla bi Post lst, 2nd and 3rd ap Nymphs + Adul	ira Jassids jutulla) plication ts
		(gm a. i./ha)	A01	A10	B03	B07	B10	B14	C03	CIO
T-l	Untreated Check	-	[8.2]	[20.1]	[36.9]	[48.5]	[60.5]	[73.1]	[68.7]	[38.3]
T-2	OSA + Flonicamid	25 + 100	75.1	89.0	95.3	97.4	96.9	91.4	97.7	98.4
T-3	OSA + Acephate +Imida	25 + 520	54.8	66.6	67.6	71.7	72.7	65.8	66.7	76
T-4	OSA + Flonicamid + Fipronii	25 + 100+50	81.1	92.8	98.4	100	100	94	100	100
T-5	OSA + Imidacloprid	25 +24.5	67.8	72.1	74.1	75.8	76.4	72.5	75.2	77.5
T-6	OSA + Acetamiprid	25+15	72.1	78.3	78.3	79.7	82.7	76.6	80.6	84.3
T-7	OSA	25	25.3	35.8	42.7	46.5	45.5	44.7	46.9	48.6
T-8	Flonicamid	100	74.8	89.3	90.7	93.3	94.2	89.3	93.3	94.4
T-9	Acephate +Imidacloprid	520	50.7	63.7	66.5	67.2	65.9	58.2	61.6	70.3

T-10	Flonicamid + Fipronil	100+50	75.5	89	93	96.8	95.8	89.1	94.9	96.3
T-ll	Imidacloprid	24.5	59.9	64.6	68.5	71.7	70.5	66.2	68.0	73.0
T-12	Acetamiprîd	15	66.4	72.4	73.9	76.7	76.9	70.9	74.8	79.3
	'LSD P=.O5		8.16	3.93	2.29	2.6	0.94	1.46	1.93	1.7

Table 6A

Sr. No.	Treatments	Dose	Percent control (%) ofOkra Jassids (Amrasca bigutulla bigutulla) Post lst, 2nd and 3rd application Nymphs + Adults
Active
		(gm a. i./ha)	A01	A10	B03	B07	B10	B14	C03	CIO
T-l	Untreated Check		[7.9]	[18.7]	[32.9]	[42-3]	[55.6]	[66.2]	[61-1]	[42.1]
T-2	OSA + Flonicamid	25 + 75	74.6	87.6	89.3	94.2	95.1	89.4	95.6	97.8
T-3	OSA + Acephate +lmida	25 + 390	54.3	64.1	63.8	66	66.8	62	66.2	69.6
T-4	OSA + Flonicamid + Fipronil	25 + 75+37.5	78	91.4	92.1	96.1	96.8	92.4	96.1	98.4
T-5	OSA + Imidacloprid	25 + 18.3	66.9	69	68.4	69.9	73.7	71.7	73.6	76.7
T-6	OSA + Acetamiprîd	25 + 11.2	72	75.8	73.7	75.4	80.2	73.2	77.3	80.8
T-7	OSA	25	27.9	37	40.9	47.9	48.6	43	45.5	49.1
T-8	Flonicamid	75	71.2	85.8	82	89.3	91.5	87.4	90.2	92.5
T-9	Acephate +Imidacloprid	390	47.5	61.2	62.6	61	62.8	57.1	63.8	66.2

•
	T-10	Flonicamid + Fipronil	75+37.5	72.9	87.5	86.2	90.1	92	85.9	91.4	93.5
T-ll	Imidacloprid	18.3	56	59.1	61.5	62.5	63.5	62.4	64.6	66.1
T-12	Acetamiprid	11.2	59.3	64.4	68.8	70.9	71.3	66.6	69.5	70.7
	LSD P=.O5		5,14	2.48	1.81	1.5	1.26	2.26	2.13	1.08

Conclusion:

Okra Aphids:

The combination of insecticide and plant growth promoting agent provided excellent 5 control of Aphids as demonstrated in table 5 and table 5A. Good okra fruit yield was recorded in ail combination treatments. Further it was observed that the tank mix combination in treatments T-2 & T-4 with plant growth promoting agent (OSA) provided 7 to 10 % more control of Aphids than without OSA treatments ((T-8 & T10)). Surprisîngly, the treatments with reduced amount of active insecticide applied 10 plus plant growth promoting agent (OSA) provided excellent control on insects..

Okra Jassids:

The combination of insecticide and plant growth promoting agent provided excellent control of Jassids as demonstrated in table 6 and table 6A. The combination of OSA 15 + Flonicamid + Fipronil in treatment T-4 gave excellent control of Jassids. The tank mix combination în treatment T-2 & T-4 with OSA gives 5 to 7 % more control of Jassids than without OSA treatments (T-8 & T-10) under 25 % reduced dose rate of Flonicamid & Flonicamid + Fipronil.

The instant invention is more specifically explained by above examples. However, it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited by lhe examples in any manner. It will be appreciated by any person skilled in this art that the présent invention includes aforesaid examples and further can be modified and altered within the tcchnîcal scope of the présent invention.

Claims (17)

1. A combination comprising at least one insecticide and at least one a silicic acid based plant health promoting agent.

2. The combination as claimed in claim 1 wherein said insecticide is selected from arsenical insecticides, botanical insecticides, carbamate insecticides, benzofuranyl methylcarbamate insecticides, dimethylcarbamale insecticides, oxime carbamate insecticides, phenyl methylcarbamate insecticides, dinitrophenol insecticides, fluorine insecticides, formamidine insecticides, fumigant insecticides, înorganic insecticides, însect growth regulalors, benzoylphenylurea chitin synthesis inhibitors, macrocyclic lactone insecticides, neonicotinoid insecticides, nereistoxin analogue insecticides, organochlorine insecticides, organophosphorus insecticides, organothiophosphate insecticides, heterocyclic organothiophosphate insecticides, phenyl organothiophosphate insecticides, phosphonate insecticides, phosphonothioate insecticides, phosphoramidate insecticides, phosphoramidothioate insecticides, phosphorodiamide insecticides, oxadiazîne insecticides, oxadiazolone insecticides, phthalimide insecticides, physical insecticides, pyrazole insecticides, pyrethroid insecticides, pyrethroid ether insecticides, pyrimidînamine insecticides, pyrrole insecticides, quaternary ammonium insecticides, sulfoximine insecticides, telramic acid insecticides, tetronic acid insecticides, phenylpyrazole insecticides, thiazole insecticides, thiazolidine insecticides, thiourea insecticide or combinations thereof.

3. The combination as claimed in claim 1 wherein said insecticide is selected from the group comprising diamide or pyridylpyrazole insecticides, pyrrole insecticides, moulting hormone agonists, benzoylphenylurea chitin synthesis inhibitors, pyridylmethylamine neonicotinoid insecticides, aliphatic amide organothiophosphate insecticides, hosphoramidothioate insecticides, quinoxaline organothiophosphate insecticides, phenylpyrazole insecticides, aliphatic amide organothiophosphate insecticides, phosphoramidothioate insecticides, organophosphate insecticides, neonicotinoid insecticides, macrocyclic lactone insecticides, pyrethroid ester insecticides or combinations thereof.

4. The combination as claimed in claim 1 wherein said plant Health promoting agent is selected from metasilicic acid (H2S1O3), orthosilicic acid (H4S1O4), disilicic acid (H2S12O5), pyrosilicic acid (H6S12O7) or combination thereof.

5. The combination as claimed in claim 1 further comprises at least fungicide.

6. The combination as claimed in claim 5 wherein said fungicide is selected from the group comprising multi-site fungicide and systemic fungicide.

7. A combination comprising: at least one multi-site fungicide; at least one insecticide and at least siiicic acid based plant health promoting agent.

8. A composition comprising combination of at least one insecticide and ortho siiicic acid; and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient.

9. The composition as claimed in claim 8 wherein said insecticide is used in the range of 0.1 to 99% by weight of the composition.

10. The composition as claimed in claim 9 is appiied to the plant to be treated, part of a plant, plant organ, and/or plant propagation material thereof, for controlling undesirable pests selected from the class insecta, arachnida and nematoda.

11. A composition for use in controlling pests selected from insects, mites, nematodes and/or phytopathogens comprising at least one insecticide and ortho siiicic acid.

12. A composition comprising: at least one multi-site fungicide; at least one insecticide and at least one siiicic acid based plant health promoting agent optionally at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient.

13. A method of controlling insects or preventing damage to a plant, comprising applying to the plant, part of a plant, plant organ, and/or plant propagation material thereof, a synergîstîcally effective amount of combination comprising at least one insecticide and at least one plant health promoting agent.

14. A method of controlling fungus and/or pests at a locus comprising applying a combination according to claim 1 or claim 8 comprising at least one insecticide and al least one plant health promoting agent.

15. The method as claimed in claim 14 wherein said combination further comprises at least one fungicide.

16. Use of a combination for controlling insects comprising at least one insecticide and al least one plant heaith promoting agent.

17. Use according to claim 16 comprising contacting insects with a synergistically effective amount of a combination of comprising at least one insecticide and

5 at least one silisic acid based plant heaith promoting agent.