OA20221A - Airborne status dependent uplink power control related task(S) for aerial UEs. - Google Patents

Abstract

Systems and methods are disclosed herein for uplink power control in a cellular communications network that are particularly well-suited for flying wireless devices (e.g., aerial User Equipments (UEs)). In some embodiments, a method performed by a wireless device for uplink power control comprises receiving, from a base station, reference altitude information comprising one or more height thresholds and detecting that a height of the wireless device is above a height threshold. The method further comprises triggering and sending a measurement report to the base station upon detecting that the height of the wireless device is above the height threshold, and receiving, from the base station, an indication to use a particular one of two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors for uplink power control. The two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors for uplink power control comprise one or more wireless device specific fractional pathloss compensation factors.

Description

AIRBORNE STATUS DEPENDENT UPLINK POWER CONTROL RELATED TASK(S) FOR AERIAL UEs

Related Applications

This application daims the benefit of provisional patent application serial number 62/653,493, filed April 5, 2018 and provisional patent application serial number 62/653,871, filed April 6, 2018, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

Technical Field

The présent disclosure relates to aerial User Equipments (UEs) in a cellular communications network and, more specifically, to performance of uplink power control related tasks for aerial UEs.

Backqround

Long Term Evolution (LTE) Downlink and Uplink

LTE uses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) in the downlink and Discrète Fourier Transform (DFT) spread OFDM in the uplink. The basic LTE downlink physical resource can thus be seen as a time-frequency grid as illustrated in Figure 1, where each resource element corresponds to one OFDM subcarrier during one OFDM symbol interval.

In the time domain, LTE downlink transmissions are organized into radio frames of 10 milliseconds (ms), each radio frame consisting of ten equally-sized subframes of length T_subframe = 1 ms, as shown in Figure 2.

Furthermore, the resource allocation in LTE is typically described in terms of Resource Blocks (RBs), where a resource block corresponds to one slot (0.5 ms) in the time domain and 12 contiguous subcarriers in the frequency domain. Resource blocks are numbered in the frequency domain, starting with 0 from one end of the system bandwidth.

Downlink transmissions are dynamically scheduled, i.e., in each subframe the enhanced or evolved Node B (eNB) transmits control information about to which User Equipment devices (UEs) data is transmitted and upon which resource blocks the data is transmitted, in the current downlink subframe. This control signaling is typically transmitted o The UE shall reset accumulation for serving cell c when the UE receives random access message for serving cell c.

The power control for random access preamble transmission in PRACH is described in TS 36.213, Section 6.1. Fora non-Bandwidth Limited (BL) / Coverage Enhancement (CE) UE or for a BL/CE UE with the PRACH coverage enhancement level 0/1/2, a preamble transmission power Pprach is determined as

Pprach = min/c^-^⁰, PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER + ^PLc }_[dBm], where ^pcmax,cW js the configured UE transmit power for subframe i of serving cell ^c and ^PLc is the downlink path loss estimate calculated in the UE for serving cell ^c. For a BL/CE UE, Pprach is set to ^pcmax,c(0 for the highest PRACH coverage enhancement level 3.

Note that power ramping is used in random access preamble transmissions, and is described in TS 36.321, Section 5.1.3.

The random-access procedure shall be performed as follows:

- set PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER to preamblelnitiaIReceivedTargetPower + DELTA_PREAMBLE + (PREAMBLE_TRANSMISSION_COUNTER - 1 ) * powerRampingStep-, - if the UE is a BL UE or a UE in enhanced coverage:

- the PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER is set to: PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER - 10 * log 1O(numRepetitionPerPreambleAttempt)·

Objectives of Release 15 Work Item on Enhanced Support for Aerial Vehicles

In the 3GPP RAN#78 meeting, a Work Item (Wl) on enhanced support for aerial vehicles was approved [4], The objectives of the Wl are to specify the following improvements for enhanced LTE support for aerial vehicles which are given below:

• Specify enhancements to support improved mobility performance and interférence détection in the following areas [RAN2]:

o Enhancements to existing measurement reporting mechanisms such as définition of new events, enhanced triggering conditions, mechanisms to control the amount of measurement reporting.

o Enhancements to mobility for aerial UEs such as conditional Handover (HO) and enhancements based on information such as location information, UE’s airborne status, flight path plan, etc.

• Specify enhancements to support indication of UE’s airborne status and indication of the UE’s support of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (or aerial UE) related functions in LTE network, e.g. UE radio capability [RAN2].

• Signaling support for subscription based identification [RAN2 lead, RAN3] o Specify S1/X2 signaling to support subscription based aerial UE identification • Specify uplink power control enhancements in the following areas [RAN1, RAN2] o UE spécifie fractional pathloss compensation factor o Extending the supported range of UE spécifie P_o parameter

Hence, the configuration of UE spécifie fractional pathloss compensation factor will be newly introduced in LTE Release 15. In addition, enhancements to support indication of UE’s airborne status (for example, indication of whether the aerial UE is flying or not flying) will also be introduced in LTE Release 15.

Recent Agreements Release 15 Wl on Enhanced Support for Aerial Vehicles

In RAN2#101 meeting, the Release 15 LTE Wl discussion started, and the following agreements were made:

• Introduce new measurement event/modify existing measurement events for interférence détection • Provide reference altitude information (including threshold) to UAV UE provided by eNB to assist UE to identify its status (i.e., airborne status).

The first agreement is about explicit flight mode (i.e., airborne status) détection where based on changed interférence conditions, the aerial UE triggers a measurement report. From the measurement report, the eNB can deduce flight mode of the aerial UE. There hâve also been proposais where the eNB could poil the flight mode of the aerial UE.

The second agreement can be used in several ways but basically it gives a common reference point for UE and network that can be used to define airborne status of the aerial UE. It should be noted that it is optional for the network to configure the UE with the reference altitude information (including threshold value).

Summary

Systems and methods are disclosed herein for uplink power control in a cellular communications network that are particularly well-suited forflying wireless devices (e.g., aerial User Equipments (UEs)). Embodiments of a method performed by a wireless device for uplink power control are disclosed. In some embodiments, the method comprises receiving, from a base station, reference altitude information comprising one or more height thresholds and detecting that a height of the wireless device is above a height threshold from among the one or more height thresholds. The method further comprises triggering and sending a measurement report to the base station upon detecting that the height of the wireless device is above the height threshold, and receiving, from the base station, an indication to use a particular one of two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors for uplink power control. The two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors for uplink power control comprising one or more wireless device spécifie fractional pathloss compensation factors for uplink power control. In some embodiments, the two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors further comprise one or more cell spécifie fractional pathloss compensation factors for uplink power control. In this manner, the uplink transmit power of the wireless device can be adapted to the actual height of the wireless device such that a good wireless device throughput is achieved while keeping low interférence to neighbor cells.

In some embodiments, the method further comprises performing one or more uplink power control related tasks based on the flying mode status of the wireless device. In some embodiments, performing the one or more uplink power control related tasks comprises performing uplink power control for an uplink transmission based on the particular one of the two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors indicted by the base station.

In some embodiments, performing the one or more uplink power control related tasks further comprises resetting power control adjustment States when there is a change in a flying mode status of the wireless device. In some embodiments, performing the one or more uplink power control related tasks further comprises resetting power control adjustment States when the indication to use the particular one of two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors for uplink power control is received.

In some embodiments, the uplink transmission is a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) transmission, and performing the one or more uplink power control related tasks based on the flying mode status of the wireless device comprises resetting accumulation of PUSCH power control adjustment state for a serving cell of the wireless device when a flying mode status of the wireless device changes. In some embodiments, the uplink transmission is a PUSCH transmission, and performing the one or more uplink power control related tasks based on the flying mode status ofthe wireless device comprises resetting accumulation of PUSCH power control adjustment State for a serving cell of the wireless device when the indication to use the particular one of two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors for uplink power control is received.

In some embodiments, the uplink transmission is a PUSCH transmission. In some other embodiments, the uplink transmission is a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) transmission based on the particular one of the two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors. In some other embodiments, the uplink transmission is a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) transmission.

Embodiments of a wireless device are also disclosed. In some embodiments, a wireless device is adapted to receive, from a base station, reference altitude information comprising one or more height thresholds and detect that a height of the wireless device is above a height threshold from among the one or more height thresholds. The wireless device is further adapted to trigger and send a measurement report to the base station upon detecting that the height of the wireless device is above the height threshold and receive, from the base station, an indication to use a particular one of two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors for uplink power control. The two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors for uplink power control comprise one or more wireless device spécifie fractional pathloss compensation factors for uplink power control.

In some embodiments, a wireless device comprises one or more transceivers and processing circuitry associated with the one or more transceivers. The processing circuitry is configured to cause the wireless device to receive, from a base station, reference altitude information comprising one or more height thresholds and detect that a height of the wireless device is above a height threshold from among the one or more height thresholds. The processing circuitry is further configured to cause the wireless device to trigger and send a measurement report to the base station upon detecting that the height of the wireless device is above the height threshold and receive, from the base station, an indication to use a particular one of two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors for uplink power control. The two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors for uplink power control comprise one or more wireless device spécifie fractional pathloss compensation factors for uplink power control.

Embodiments of a method performed by a base station for uplink power control are also disclosed. In some embodiments, the method comprises sending, to a wireless device, reference altitude information comprising one or more height thresholds and receiving, from the wireless device, a measurement report that is based on the one or more height thresholds and is indicative of an uplink interface status or a flying mode status of the wireless device. The method further comprises sending, to the wireless device, an indication to use a particular one of two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors for uplink power control based on the uplink interface status or the flying mode status of the wireless device. The two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors for uplink power control comprise one or more wireless device spécifie fractional pathloss compensation factors for uplink power control. In some embodiments, the two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors further comprise one or more cell spécifie fractional pathloss compensation factors for uplink power control.

Embodiments of a base station are also disclosed. In some embodiments, a base station is adapted to send, to a wireless device, reference altitude information comprising one or more height thresholds and receive, from the wireless device, a measurement report that is based on the one or more height thresholds and is indicative of an uplink interface status or a flying mode status of the wireless device. The base station is further adapted to send, to the wireless device, an indication to use a particular one of two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors for uplink power control based on the uplink interface status or the flying mode status of the wireless device. The two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors for uplink power control comprise one or more wireless device spécifie fractional pathloss compensation factors for uplink power control. In some embodiments, the two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors further comprise one or more cell spécifie fractional pathloss compensation factors for uplink power control.

In some embodiments, a base station comprises processing circuitry configured to cause the base station to send, to a wireless device, reference altitude information comprising one or more height thresholds and receive, from the wireless device, a measurement report that is based on the one or more height thresholds and is indicative of an uplink interface status or a flying mode status of the wireless device. The processing circuitry is further configured to cause the base station to send, to the wireless device, an indication to use a particular one of two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors for uplink power control based on the uplink interface status or the flying mode status of the wireless device. The two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors for uplink power control comprise one or more wireless device spécifie fractional pathloss compensation factors for uplink power control. In some embodiments, the two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors further comprise one or more cell spécifie fractional pathloss compensation factors for uplink power control.

In some other embodiments, a method performed by a wireless device for uplink power control comprises determining a particular one of two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors to use for uplink power control based on a flying mode status of the wireless device. The two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors comprise a cell spécifie fractional pathloss compensation factor for uplink power control and a wireless device spécifie fractional pathloss compensation factor for uplink power control. The method further comprises performing one or more uplink power control related tasks based on the flying mode status of the wireless device, wherein performing the one or more uplink power control related tasks comprises performing uplink power control for an uplink transmission based on the particular one of the two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors.

In some embodiments, the method further comprises receiving, from the base station, configurations of the two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors for uplink power control comprising the cell spécifie fractional pathloss compensation factor for uplink power control and the wireless device spécifie fractional pathloss compensation factor for uplink power control.

In some embodiments, the method further comprises determining the flying mode status of the wireless device. In some embodiments, the method further comprises receiving, from the base station, reference altitude information, wherein determining the flying mode status of the wireless device comprises determining the flying mode status of the wireless device based on the reference altitude information. In some embodiments, the reference altitude information comprises one or more reference height thresholds. In some embodiments, the reference altitude information comprises two or more reference height thresholds.

In some embodiments, determining the particular one of two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors to use for uplink power control based on the flying mode status of the wireless device comprises indicating, to the base station, the flying mode status of the wireless device and receiving, from the base station, an indication to use the particular one of the two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors for uplink power control. In some embodiments, indicating, to the base station, the flying mode status of the wireless device comprises triggering and sending a measurement report to the base station when a height of the wireless device is above a reference height threshold from among the one or more reference height thresholds or the two or more reference height thresholds.

In some embodiments, performing the one or more uplink power control related tasks further comprises resetting power control adjustment States when the indication to use the particular one of two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors for uplink power control is received. In some embodiments, the uplink transmission is a PUSCH transmission, and performing the one or more uplink power control related tasks based on the flying mode status of the wireless device comprises resetting accumulation of PUSCH power control adjustment State for a serving cell of the wireless device when the indication to use the particular one of two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors for uplink power control is received.

In some embodiments, the indication to use the particular one of the two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors for uplink power control is based on Medium Access Control (MAC) Control Element (CE). In some other embodiments, the indication to use the particular one of the two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors for uplink power control is based on Downlink Control Information (DCI).

In some embodiments, performing the one or more uplink power control related tasks further comprises resetting power control adjustment States when there is a change in the flying mode status of the wireless device. In some embodiments, the uplink transmission is a PUSCH transmission, and performing the one or more uplink power control related tasks based on the flying mode status of the wireless device comprises resetting accumulation of PUSCH power control adjustment state for a serving cell ofthe wireless device when the flying mode status of the wireless device changes.

In some embodiments, the uplink transmission is a PUSCH transmission. In some other embodiments, the uplink transmission is a SRS transmission based on the particular one of the two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors. In some other embodiments, the uplink transmission is a PRACH transmission.

In some other embodiments, a wireless device is adapted to détermine a particular one of two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors to use for uplink power control based on a flying mode status of the wireless device. The two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors comprise a cell spécifie fractional pathloss compensation factor for uplink power control and a wireless device spécifie fractional pathloss compensation factor for uplink power control. The wireless device is further adapted to perform one or more uplink power control related tasks based on the flying mode status of the wireless device, wherein performing the one or more uplink power control related tasks comprises performing uplink power control for an uplink transmission based on the particular one of the two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors.

In some other embodiments, a wireless device comprises one or more transceivers and processing circuitry associated with the one or more transceivers. The processing circuitry is configured to cause the wireless device to détermine a particular one of two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors to use for uplink power control based on a flying mode status of the wireless device. The two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors comprise a cell spécifie fractional pathloss compensation factor for uplink power control and a wireless device spécifie fractional pathloss compensation factor for uplink power control. The processing circuitry is further configured to cause the wireless device to perform one or more uplink power control related tasks based on the flying mode status of the wireless device, wherein performing the one or more uplink power control related tasks comprises performing uplink power control for an uplink transmission based on the particular one ofthe two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The accompanying drawing figures incorporated in and forming a part of this spécification illustrate several aspects of the disclosure, and togetherwith the description serve to explain the principles of the disclosure.

Figure 1 illustrate the basic Long Term Evolution (LTE) physical resource, which can be seen as a time-frequency grid;

Figure 2 illustrâtes a downlink radio frame for LTE;

Figure 3 illustrâtes a downlink system with three Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols as control;

Figure 4 illustrâtes resources assigned for uplink L1/L2 control;

Figure 5 illustrâtes an example of Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) resource assignment to two users;

Figure 6 illustrâtes an example of interférence caused by aerial User Equipments (UEs) in an LTE network;

Figure 7 illustrâtes one example of a cellular communications network in which embodiments of the présent disclosure may be implemented;

Figure 8 illustrâtes the operation of a base station and a UE in accordance with at least some embodiments of the présent disclosure;

Figures 9 through 11 illustrate example embodiments of a radio access node;

Figures 1 2 and 13 illustrate example embodiments of a UE;

Figure 14 illustrâtes a télécommunication network connected via an intermediate network to a host computer in accordance with some embodiments of the présent disclosure;

Figure 15 is a generalized block diagram of a host computer communicating via a base station with a UE over a partially wireless connection in accordance with some embodiments of the présent disclosure;

Figure 16 is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in a communication system in accordance with one embodiment of the présent disclosure;

Figure 17 is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in a communication system in accordance with one embodiment of the présent disclosure;

Figure 18 is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in a communication system in accordance with one embodiment on the présent disclosure; and

Figure 19 is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in a communication system in accordance with one embodiment of the présent disclosure.

Detailed Description

The embodiments setforth below represent information to enable those skilled in the art to practice the embodiments and illustrate the best mode of practicing the embodiments. Upon reading the following description in light of the accompanying drawing figures, those skilled in the art will understand the concepts of the disclosure and will recognize applications of these concepts not particularly addressed herein. It should be understood that these concepts and applications fail within the scope of the disclosure.

Radio Node: As used herein, a “radio node” is either a radio access node or a wireless device.

Radio Access Node: As used herein, a “radio access node” or “radio network node” is any node in a radio access network of a cellular communications network that opérâtes to wirelessly transmit and/or receive signais. Some examples of a radio access node include, but are not limited to, a base station (e.g., a New Radio (NR) base station (gNB) in a Third Génération Partnership Project (3GPP) Fifth Génération (5G) NR network or an enhanced or evolved Node B (eNB) in a 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) network), a high-power or macro base station, a low-power base station (e.g., a micro base station, a pico base station, a home eNB, or the like), and a relay node.

Core Network Node: As used herein, a “core network node” is any type of node in a core network. Some examples of a core network node include, e.g., Session Management Function (SMF), a User Plane Function (UPF), an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), etc. in a 5G Core (5GC) and a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Packet Data Network Gateway (P-GW), a Service Capability Exposure Function (SCEF), etc. in a Evolved Packet Core (EPC).

Wireless Device: As used herein, a “wireless device” is any type of device that has access to (i.e., is served by) a cellular communications network by wirelessly transmitting and/or receiving signais to a radio access node(s). Some examples of a wireless device include, but are not limited to, a User Equipment device (UE) in a 3GPP network and a Machine Type Communication (MTC) device.

Network Node: As used herein, a “network node” is any node that is either part of the radio access network or the core network of a cellular communications network/system.

Note that the description given herein focuses on a 3GPP cellular communications system and, as such, 3GPP terminology or terminology similarto 3GPP terminology is oftentimes used. However, the concepts disclosed herein are not limited to a 3GPP system.

Note that, in the description herein, reference may be made to the term “cell;” however, particularly with respect to 5G NR concepts, beams may be used instead of cells and, as such, it is important to note that the concepts described herein are equally applicable to both cells and beams.

There currently exist certain challenge(s) with regard to aerial UEs. When an aerial UE is configured with both cell-specific and UE spécifie fractional path loss compensation factors, there is a problem in that the aerial UE does not know how it should use these two fractional path loss compensation factors when the aerial UE has different airborne statuses. Another problem is that the aerial UE does not know how it should handle power control adjustment States when the aerial UE has different airborne statuses.

Certain aspects of the présent disclosure and their embodiments may provide solutions to the aforementioned or other challenges.

In general, the following embodiments are described herein:

• Embodiment 1/1 b: One of a cell spécifie or a UE spécifie fractional pathloss compensation factor is selected by a UE in Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) transmit power calculation according to the UE’s flying or airborne status.

• Embodiment 2/2b: One of a cell spécifie or a UE spécifie fractional pathloss compensation factor is selected by a UE in Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) transmit power calculation according to the UE’s flying or airborne status for a serving cell that is configured for SRS transmission and not configured for PUSCH/Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) transmission.

• Embodiment 3/3b: The closed loop power adjustment State is reset after change in the airborne status of the aerial UE.

• Embodiment 4/4b: A UE spécifie fractional pathloss compensation factor is selected by a UE in Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) transmit power calculation according to the UE’s flying or airborne status. In some embodiments, two sets of PRACH power control related parameters are configured and which set is used dépends on the UE’s flying or airborne status.

• Embodiment 5: A UE spécifie fractional pathloss compensation factor can be signaled as an offset to a cell spécifie one, and the sum of the two is used as the overall fractional pathloss compensation factor in uplink power control. Also, in some embodiments a set of UE spécifie fractional pathloss compensation factors can be configured to the UE, and one ofthe factor values from the set can be dynamically selected through Medium Access Control Control Element (MAC CE) signaling based on the UE’s airborne status.

Additional details for these embodiments are provided below.

Certain embodiments may provide one or more of the following technical advantage(s). One advantage of embodiments described herein is that a UE’s uplink PUSCH, SRS, and PRACH transmit power can be adapted to the actual UE height so that a good UE throughput is achieved while keeping low interférence to neighbor cells. In addition, embodiments described herein also show how an aerial UE should handle power control adjustment states when the aerial UE has different airborne statuses. One of the offsets may be selected to be 0 such that MAC CE may select not to hâve any additional uplink power control value in addition to the cell spécifie one.

Figure 7 illustrâtes one example of a cellular communications network 700 in which embodiments of the présent disclosure may be implemented. In the embodiments described herein, the cellular communications network 700 is a LTE network or 5G NR network. In this example, the cellular communications network 700 includes base stations 702-1 and 702-2, which in LTE are referred to as eNBs and in 5G NR are referred to as gNBs, controlling corresponding macro cells 704-1 and 704-2. The base stations 702-1 and 702-2 are generally referred to herein collectively as base stations 702 and individually as base station 702. Likewise, the macro cells 704-1 and 704-2 are generally referred to herein collectively as macro cells 704 and individually as macro cell 704. The cellular communications network 700 may also include a number of low power nodes 706-1 through 706-4 controlling corresponding small cells 708-1 through 708-4. The low power nodes 706-1 through 706-4 can be small base stations (such as pico orfemto base stations) or Remote Radio Heads (RRHs), or the like. Notably, while not illustrated, one or more of the small cells 708-1 through 708-4 may alternatively be provided by the base stations 702. The low power nodes 706-1 through 706-4 are generally referred to herein collectively as low power nodes 706 and individually as low power node 706. Likewise, the small cells 708-1 through 708-4 are generally referred to herein collectively as small cells 708 and individually as small cell 708. The base stations 702 (and optionally the low power nodes 706) are connected to a core network 710.

The base stations 702 and the low power nodes 706 provide service to wireless devices 712-1 through 712-5 in the corresponding cells 704 and 708. The wireless devices 712-1 through 712-5 are generally referred to herein collectively as wireless devices 712 and individually as wireless device 712. The wireless devices 712 are also sometimes referred to herein as UEs. At least some of the wireless devices 712 are aerial UEs (e.g., a drone UE or a UE attached to a drone or other flying machine).

Now, the description proceeds to a more detailed description of Embodiments 1/1 b, 2/2b, 3/3b, 4/4b, and 5. Note that the description of these embodiments provided below is given as in LTE spécification; however, similar structure is adopted in NR spécifications and these embodiments apply to NR as well. In NR, a UE may be configured with cell spécifie or UE spécifie power control value in 3GPP Technical Spécification (TS) 38.331. In NR, it is possible to define airborne status or height of the UE or uplink interférence mode. Especially having MAC CEs to select Radio Resource Control (RRC) parameters or information éléments applied by the UE has been adapted as in the NR spécification.

Embodiment 1: PUSCH Transmit Power Control (TPC) Based on Aerial UE’s Flying Status

In this embodiment, an aerial UE is configured by the eNB with a cell spécifie fractional path loss compensation factor and a UE spécifie fractional path loss compensation factor ^αυε-^c^ for serving cell c for PUSCH transmission. Note that the aerial UE can be one of the wireless devices 712 of Figure 7, and the eNB can be one of the base stations 702 of Figure 7. In addition, the aerial UE is configured by the eNB with reference altitude information (including threshold) to assist the aerial UE to identify its airborne status. When the aerial UE is flying at an altitude above the reference altitude (i.e., threshold), the aerial UE détermines that it is in flying mode. Note that there may be a set of reference height thresholds to détermine different height ranges, e.g. a height range where UE is considered as terrestrial, a height range where there are likely mix of Line Of Sight (LOS) / Non-LOS (NLOS), and a height range where propagation is clearly LOS. The airborne status States (also referred to herein as the flying mode status States) may also be determined by using metrics other than height. For instance, the airborne status can be categorized as flying, hovering, or terrestrial (i.e., grounded). In some embodiments, the airborne status may also be determined using the speed ofthe aerial UE. The airborne mode can also be determined by the UE by counting the number of detected cells and there can be different categories. This can be called uplink interférence tuning mode alternatively and it can be specified in addition to airborne mode.

In the following examples binary airborne status is used for simplicity but it can be based on any ofthe previously mentioned States.

Assuming the binary airborne status définition, in flying mode, the aerial UE has high probability of LOS condition to neighboring cells and may cause uplink interférence to UEs being served by the neighboring cells. To control this uplink interférence, the aerial UE follows the procedures given below:

• When the aerial UE détermines that it is in flying mode, and/or when the aerial UE indicates to the eNB that it is in flying mode, the aerial UE uses the UE spécifie fractional path loss compensation factor ^auE-^c^ in Equation 1 for PUSCH transmissions or retransmissions scheduled using either a semi-persistent grant ( ^{7 = 0} ) or dynamic grant (^{7 = 1} ). By appropriately configuring the UE spécifie fractional path loss compensation factor ^auE-^c^ (for example, by configuring a smaller ^auE-^c^ than ), the uplink interférence to neighboring cells from the aerial UE PUSCH transmissions or retransmissions corresponding to ^{7 = 0} or ^{7 =1} can be controlled.

• In some optional embodiments, when the aerial UE détermines that it is in flying mode, and/or when the aerial UE indicates to the eNB that it is in flying mode, the aerial UE uses the UE spécifie fractional path loss compensation factor ^auE-^c^ jn Equation 1 for PUSCH transmissions or retransmissions scheduled using a random access response grant (^{7 = 2} ). It should be noted that for PUSCH transmissions or retransmissions scheduled using a random access grant, ¹ in current LTE spécifications (see [2]). By appropriately configuring the UE spécifie fractional path loss compensation factor ^auE-^c^ (for example, by configuring a smaller ^a^^Ethan ¹ ), the uplink interférence to neighboring cells from the aerial UE PUSCH transmissions or retransmissions corresponding to ^{7 = 2} can be controlled.

• When the aerial UE détermines that it is in non-flying mode, and/or when the aerial UE indicates to the eNB that it is in non-flying mode, the aerial UE uses the cell spécifie fractional path loss compensation factor in Equation 1 for PUSCH transmissions or retransmissions scheduled using either a semi-persistent grant ( ⁷ = ⁰ ) or dynamic grant (^{7 = 1} ). For PUSCH transmissions or retransmissions scheduled using a random access grant (^{7 = 2} ), the aerial UE uses ^{= 1} when it détermines that it is in non-flying mode.

• In the above procedures, aerial UE’s indication of its flying/non-flying mode to the eNB may be done via RRC signaling.

The above procedures can also be applied to power control on SRS transmission in a serving cell c that is configured for PUSCH/PUCCH transmission in addition to SRS transmission.

Embodiment 1b

In this embodiment, an aerial UE is configured by the eNB with a cell spécifie fractional path loss compensation factor %⁽⁷⁾ and a UE spécifie fractional path loss compensation factor ^auE-^c^ for serving cell cfor PUSCH transmission. In addition, to aid flight mode détection, the aerial UE can be configured by the eNB with measurement reporting enhancements to detect uplink interférence or air-borne status. In the latter case, a measurement report is triggered and sent, for example, if the barometric pressure is smaller than a pressure threshold (i.e., similar to when UE height is above a height threshold), or if a certain faraway cell is seen (indicating UE is in high altitude with LOS to far away cells). To control this uplink interférence, the aerial UE using this embodiment follows the procedures listed in Embodiment 1 above.

In some embodiments, upon detecting uplink interférence or air-borne status of the aerial UE, the eNB dynamically indicates to the aerial UE which of the two (i.e., cell spécifie or UE spécifie) fractional path loss compensation factors the aerial UE should use in Equation 1 for PUSCH transmission. The dynamic indication can be based on MAC CE signaling or Downlink Control Information (DCI) based signaling. Upon receiving the dynamic indication, the aerial UE uses the indicated fractional pathloss compensation factor in Equation 1 for PUSCH transmission until another dynamic indication indicating a different fractional pathloss compensation factor is received.

Embodiment 2: SRS TPC Based on Aerial LJE’s Flying Status

In this embodiment, an aerial UE is configured by the eNB with a cell spécifie fractional path loss compensation factor ^asRS-^c and a UE spécifie fractional path loss compensation factor ^αυΕ-^SRS-^C for a Time Division Duplex (TDD) serving cell c configured for SRS transmission and not configured for PUSCH/PUCCH in a subframe. In addition, the aerial UE is configured by the eNB with reference altitude information (including threshold) to assist the aerial UE to identify its airborne status. When the aerial UE is flying at an altitude above the reference altitude (i.e., threshold), the aerial UE détermines that it is in flying mode. In this mode, the aerial UE has high probability of LOS condition to neighboring cells and may cause uplink interférence to UEs being served by the neighboring cells. To control this uplink interférence, the aerial UE using this embodiment follows the procedures given below:

• When the aerial UE détermines that it is in flying mode, and/or when the aerial UE indicates to the eNB that it is in flying mode, the aerial UE uses the UE spécifie fractional path loss compensation factor ^auE-^SRS-^c jn Equation 2 for SRS transmissions. By appropriately configuring the UE spécifie fractional path loss compensation factor ^auE-^SRS-^c (for example, by configuring a smaller ^auE-^SRS-^c than ^a5As._C), _Up|ink interférence to neighboring cells from the aerial UE SRS transmissions can be controlled.

• When the aerial UE détermines that it is in non-flying mode, and/or when the aerial UE indicates to the eNB that it is in non-flying mode, the aerial UE uses the cell spécifie fractional path loss compensation factor ^asRS'^c in Equation 2 for SRS transmissions.

• In the above procedures, aerial UE’s indication of its flying/non-flying mode to the eNB may be done via RRC signaling.

Embodiment 2b

In this embodiment, an aerial UE is configured by the eNB with a cell spécifie fractional path loss compensation factor ^asRS-^c and a UE spécifie fractional path loss compensation factor ^auE-^SRS-^c for a TDD serving cell c configured for SRS transmission and not configured for PUSCH/PUCCH. In addition, to aid flight mode détection, the aerial UE can be configured by the eNB with measurement reporting enhancements to detect uplink interférence or air-borne status. In the latter case, a measurement report is triggered and sent, for example, if the barometric pressure is smaller than a pressure threshold (i.e., similar to when UE height is above a height threshold), or if a certain faraway cell is seen (indicating UE is in high altitude with LOS to far away cells). SRS transmission to neighboring cells needs to be controlled. To control this uplink interférence, the aerial UE using this embodiment follows the procedures listed in Embodiment 2 above.

In some embodiments, upon detecting uplink interférence or air-borne status of the aerial UE, the eNB dynamically indicates to the aerial UE which of the two (i.e., cell spécifie or UE spécifie) fractional path loss compensation factors the aerial UE should use in Equation 1 for SRS transmission. The dynamic indication can be based on MAC CE signaling or DCI based signaling. Upon receiving the dynamic indication, the aerial UE uses the indicated fractional pathloss compensation factor in Equation 2 for SRS transmission until another dynamic indication indicating a different fractional pathloss compensation factor is received.

Embodiment 3: Resetting Power Control Adjustment States after a Change of Aerial UE Airborne Status

In this embodiment, an aerial UE is configured such that accumulation is enabled. In addition, the aerial UE is configured by the eNB with reference altitude information (including threshold) to assist the aerial UE to identify its airborne status.

When the aerial UE is flying at an altitude above the reference altitude (i.e., threshold), the aerial UE détermines that it is in flying mode. Since different power control parameters are likely to be used when the aerial UE is in flying mode when compared to non-flying mode, it is essential that the power control adjustment States for the serving cell be reset when the airborne status of the UE changes. In some spécifie embodiments, the UE resets accumulation of PUSCH power control adjustment state for the serving cell when the airborne status of the aerial UE changes (for example, from non-flying to flying and vice versa) and/or when the aerial UE sends an airborne status indication to the eNB. In another spécifie embodiment, the UE resets accumulation of SRS power control adjustment state for the serving cell when the airborne status of the aerial UE changes and/or when the aerial UE sends an airborne status indication to the eNB. In some embodiments, aerial UE’s indication of its airborne status to the eNB is done via RRC signaling.

Embodiment 3b

In this embodiment, an aerial UE is configured such that accumulation is enabled. In addition, to aid flight mode détection, the aerial UE can be configured by the eNB with measurement reporting enhancements to detect uplink interférence or air-borne status. In the latter case, a measurement report is triggered and sent, for example, if the barometric pressure is smaller than a pressure threshold (i.e., similar to when UE height is above a height threshold), or if a certain faraway cell is seen (indicating UE is in high altitude with LOS to far away cells). When the aerial UE détermines that it is in flying or non-flying mode based on measurement events for interférence détection, it is essential that the power control adjustment States for the serving cell be reset. This is because different power control parameters are likely to be used when the aerial UE is in flying mode when compared to non-flying mode. In some spécifie embodiments, the UE shall reset accumulation of PUSCH power control adjustment state for the serving cell when the airborne status of the aerial UE changes (for example, from non-flying to flying and vice versa). In another spécifie embodiment, the UE shall reset accumulation of SRS power control adjustment state for the serving cell when the airborne status of the aerial UE changes.

In some embodiments, upon detecting uplink interférence or air-borne status of the aerial UE, the eNB dynamically indicates to the aerial UE which of the two (i.e., cell spécifie or UE spécifie) fractional path loss compensation factors the aerial UE should use for PUSCH/SRS transmission. The dynamic indication can be based on MAC CE signaling or DCI based signaling. In this case, the UE shall reset the accumulation of power control adjustment State for the serving cell when a dynamic indication is received which changes the currently used fractional pathloss compensation factor. In some alternative embodiments, the UE shall reset the accumulation of power control adjustment State for the serving cell whenever such a dynamic indication is received.

Embodiment 4: PRACH TPC Based on Aerial UE’s Flying Status

In this embodiment, an aerial UE is configured by the eNB with a UE spécifie fractional path loss compensation factor Oue_c for serving cell c for PRACH transmission. In addition, the aerial UE is configured by the eNB with reference altitude information (including threshold) to assist the aerial UE to identify its airborne status. When the aerial UE is flying at an altitude above the reference altitude (i.e., threshold), the aerial UE détermines that it is in flying mode. In this mode, the aerial UE has high probability of LOS condition to neighboring cells and may cause uplink interférence to UEs being served by the neighboring cells. To control this uplink interférence, the aerial UE follows the procedures given below:

• When the aerial UE détermines that it is in flying mode, and/or when the aerial UE indicates to the eNB that it is in flying mode, the aerial UE uses the UE spécifie fractional path loss compensation factor oue_c to détermine a preamble transmission power as

Pprach = min{^PcMAXcW , PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER + a_UE_c ^PLc }_[dBm] • When the aerial UE détermines that it is in non-flying mode, and/or when the aerial UE indicates to the eNB that it is in non-flying mode, the aerial UE uses Oue_c =1, i.e., a preamble transmission power is

Pprach = min{^PcMAXcW , PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER +^PLc }_[dBm] • In an additional optional embodiment, the network configures two sets of parameters that include some or ail of the parameters: preamblelnitiaIReceivedTargetPower, PREAMBLE_TRANSMISSION_COUNTER, powerRampingStep, numRepetitionPerPreambleAttempt o When the aerial UE détermines that it is in non-flying mode, and/or when the aerial UE indicates to the eNB that it is in non-flying mode, the aerial UE uses the first set of parameters to set PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWERto preamblelnitiaIReceivedTargetPower + DELTA_PREAMBLE + (PREAMBLE_TRANSMISSION_COUNTER - 1) * powerRampingStep o When the aerial UE détermines that it is in flying mode, and/or when the aerial UE indicates to the eNB that it is in flying mode, the aerial UE uses the second set of parameters to set PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER to preamblelnitiaIReceivedTargetPower + DELTA_PREAMBLE + (PREAMBLE_TRANSMISSION_COUNTER - 1 ) * powerRampingStep o If the aerial UE is a Bandwidth Limited (BL) UE or a UE in enhanced coverage:

When the UE détermines that it is in non-flying mode, and/or when the aerial UE indicates to the eNB that it is in non-flying mode, the aerial UE uses numRepetitionPerPreambleAttempt in the first set of parameters to set the PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER is set to:

PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER - 10 * togWÇnumRepetitionPerPreambleAttempt')

When the UE détermines that it is in flying mode, and/or when the aerial UE indicates to the eNB that it is in flying mode, the aerial UE uses numRepetitionPerPreambleAttempt in the second set of parameters to set the PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER is set to:

PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER - 10 * log 1O(numRepetitionPerPreambleAttempt)

In the above procedures, aerial UE’s indication of its flying/non-flying mode to the eNB may be done via RRC signaling.

Embodiment 4b

In this embodiment, an aerial UE is configured by the eNB with a UE spécifie fractional path loss compensation factor auE__cfor serving cell cfor PRACH transmission, and optionally two sets of parameters that include some or ail of the parameters: preamblelnitiaIReceivedTargetPower, PREAMBLE_TRANSMISSION_COUNTER, powerRampingStep, numRepetitionPerPreambleAttempt. In addition, to aid flight mode détection, the aerial UE can be configured by the eNB with measurement reporting enhancements to detect uplink interférence or air-borne status. In the latter case, a measurement report is triggered and sent, for example, if the barometric pressure is smaller than a pressure threshold (i.e., similar to when UE height is above a height threshold), or if a certain faraway cell is seen (indicating UE is in high altitude with LOS to far away cells). When the aerial UE détermines that it is in flying mode or cause high uplink interférence, based on the measurement reporting configuration, the uplink interférence from PRACH transmission to neighboring cells needs to be controlled. To control this uplink interférence, the aerial UE using this embodiment follows the procedures listed in Embodiment 4 above.

Embodiment 5: Signaling UE Spécifie Fractional Path Loss Compensation Factor ^auE^

In one embodiment, the UE spécifie fractional path loss compensation factor ^αυΕ^Ί q—o 1 ) js signaled as a separate RRC parameter from the existing cell spécifie fractional path loss compensation factor ac(j) (J = 0,1). The same value range for ac(j) can be used for ^auE-^c^^J\ j.e. aUEc(j) e (0,0.4,0.5,0.6,0.7,0.8,0.9,1). Separate a_{UE c}(j) can be configured for PUSCH and SRS. Also, a_{UE c}(0) and a_{U£ c}(l) can be the same configuration, i.e. a_UEC(O) = a_{UE c}(l).

In another embodiment, ^auE-^c^ is signaled as an offset to the cell spécifie a_c(j) and the overall fractional path loss compensation factor is the sum of a_c(J) and a_{UE c}<j), i.e. a_sumc(J) = a_c(J) + a_{UE c}(j) and the sum is used in Equation 1 or 2. In this case, a smaller range can be used for a_{UE c}(f). For example, a_{UE c}(f) e (0, -0.1, -0.2, -0.3). When an aerial UE is on the ground, below a certain height, or in a non-flying status, a_UE Μ = ^{0 can be} configured by RRC. Otherwise, one ofthe non-zero négative values can be configured by RRC for an aerial UE in a flying mode.

In a further embodiment, a set of values for a_{UE C}(J) can be configured to a UE. One of the values can be dynamically selected and signaled to the UE, e.g. by the eNB, based on the airborne or flying status ofthe UE. The dynamic signaling can be through MAC CE for fast power adjustment. In some embodiments, the dynamic signaling can be through DCI for fast power adjustment.

Additional Description

Figure 8 illustrâtes the operation of a base station 702 and a UE 712 in accordance with at least some ofthe embodiments described herein. Optional steps are illustrated with dashed lines. As illustrated, in some embodiments (e.g., in Embodiments 1, 1a, 2, 2a, 4, 4b, and 5), the base station 702 configures the UE 712 (Le., sends one or more configurations to the UE 712) with one or more cell spécifie compensation factors and one or more UE spécifie compensation factors (step 800). For example, in Embodiments 1 and 1b, the base station 702 configures the UE 712 with a cell spécifie compensation factor and a UE spécifie compensation factor for a PUSCH transmission on a serving cell. In Embodiments 2 and 2b, the base station 702 configures the UE 712 with a cell spécifie compensation factor and a UE spécifie compensation factor for SRS transmission (with no PUSCH transmission) on the serving cell. In Embodiments 4 and 4b, the base station 702 configures the UE 712 with a cell spécifie compensation factor and a UE spécifie compensation factor for PRACH transmission. With respect to Embodiments 4 and 4b, the base station 702 may also configure different sets of PRACH transmission parameters for different flying mode statuses. Note that while discussed separately, any combination of two or more of Embodiments 1, 1b, 2, 2b, 3, 3b, 4, 4b, and 5 may be used.

As discussed above with respect to Embodiment 5, the signaling of the configurations may be performed, e.g., via RRC signaling or via a combination of RRC signaling and dynamic signaling. Further, the UE spécifie compensation factor(s) may be signaled as offsets relative to the respective cell spécifie compensation factor(s). Note that separate cell spécifie compensation factors and UE spécifie compensation factors may be configured for PUSCH, SRS, and/or PRACH.

In this embodiment, the UE 712 détermines its flying mode status (step 801) and/or the UE 712 indicates its flying mode status, e.g., to the network node (step 802). As discussed above, in some embodiment, the UE 712 détermines its flying mode status by comparing its altitude with configured altitude threshold. In some other embodiments, the UE 712 détermines its flying mode status based on measurement events for interférence détection. As discussed herein, the flying mode status is determined to be either flying mode or non-flying mode.

As discussed above, in some embodiments, the base station 702 sends a dynamic indication of the cell spécifie compensation factor(s) and/or the UE spécifie compensation factor(s) to be used by the UE 712 (step 803). This indication can be independent of or before performing the power control related task in step 804.

The UE 712 performs one or more uplink power control related tasks based on determined the flying mode status of the UE 712 (step 804). As discussed above, in Embodiments 1, 1b, 2, 2b, 4, and 4b, the UE 712 applies either a configured cell spécifie compensation factor or a configured UE spécifie compensation factor when determining a transmit power based on the flying mode status. As discussed above, in Embodiments 1 and 1b, the UE 712 applies either a configured cell spécifie compensation factor or a configured UE spécifie compensation factor when determining a transmit power for PUSCH transmission based on the flying mode status of the UE 712. In Embodiments 2 and 2b, the UE 712 applies either a configured cell spécifie compensation factor or a configured UE spécifie compensation factor when determining a transmit power for SRS transmission based on the flying mode status of the UE 712. In Embodiments 4 and 4b, the UE 712 applies either a configured cell spécifie compensation factor or a configured UE spécifie compensation factor when determining a transmit power for PRACH transmission based on the flying mode status of the UE 712.

As also discussed above, in Embodiments 3 and 3b, the UE 712 resets power control adjustment States when there is a change in flying mode status (e.g., reset accumulation of PUSCH power control adjustment state for the serving cell when the airborne status of the aerial UE changes).

Further, in Embodiments 4 and 4b, the UE 712 is (optionally) additionally configured with different sets of PRACH transmission parameters for flying mode and nonflying mode. The UE 712 then applies the appropriate set of PRACH transmission parameters for PRACH transmission based on the UE’s flying mode status.

Figure 9 is a schematic block diagram of a radio access node 900 according to some embodiments of the présent disclosure. The radio access node 900 may be, for example, a base station 702 or 706. As illustrated, the radio access node 900 includes a control system 902 that includes one or more processors 904 (e.g., Central Processing Units (CPUs), Application Spécifie Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gâte Arrays (FPGAs), and/or the like), memory 906, and a network interface 908. The one or more processors 904 are also referred to herein as processing circuitry. In addition, the radio access node 900 includes one or more radio units 910 that each includes one or more transmitters 912 and one or more receivers 914 coupled to one or more antennas 916. The radio units 910 may be referred to or be part of radio interface circuitry. In some embodiments, the radio unit(s) 910 is external to the control system 902 and connected to the control system 902 via, e.g., a wired connection (e.g., an optical cable). However, in some other embodiments, the radio unit(s) 910 and potentially the antenna(s) 916 are integrated together with the control system 902. The one or more processors 904 operate to provide one or more functions of a radio access node 900 as described herein. In some embodiments, the function(s) are implemented in software that is stored, e.g., in the memory 906 and executed by the one or more processors 904.

Figure 10 is a schematic block diagram that illustrâtes a virtualized embodiment of the radio access node 900 according to some embodiments of the présent disclosure. This discussion is equally applicable to other types of network nodes. Further, other types of network nodes may hâve similar virtualized architectures.

As used herein, a “virtualized” radio access node is an implémentation of the radio access node 900 in which at least a portion of the functionality of the radio access node 900 is implemented as a virtual component(s) (e.g., via a virtual machine(s) executing on a physical processing node(s) in a network(s)). As illustrated, in this example, the radio access node 900 includes the control system 902 that includes the one or more processors 904 (e.g., CPUs, ASICs, FPGAs, and/or the like), the memory 906, and the network interface 908 and the one or more radio units 910 that each includes the one or more transmitters 912 and the one or more receivers 914 coupled to the one or more antennas 916, as described above. The control system 902 is connected to the radio unit(s) 910 via, for example, an optical cable or the like. The control system 902 is connected to one or more processing nodes 1000 coupled to or included as part of a network(s) 1002 via the network interface 908. Each processing node 1000 includes one or more processors 1004 (e.g., CPUs, ASICs, FPGAs, and/or the like), memory 1006, and a network interface 1008.

In this example, functions 1010 of the radio access node 900 described herein are implemented at the one or more processing nodes 1000 or distributed across the control system 902 and the one or more processing nodes 1000 in any desired manner. In some particular embodiments, some or all of the functions 1010 of the radio access node 900 described herein are implemented as virtual components executed by one or more virtual machines implemented in a virtual environment(s) hosted by the processing node(s) 1000. As will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art, additional signaling or communication between the processing node(s) 1000 and the control system 902 is used in order to carry out at least some of the desired functions 1010. Notably, in some embodiments, the control system 902 may not be included, in which case the radio unit(s) 910 communicate directly with the processing node(s) 1000 via an appropriate network interface(s).

In some embodiments, a computer program including instructions which, when executed by at least one processor, causes the at least one processor to carry out the functionality of radio access node 900 or a node (e.g., a processing node 1000) implementing one or more of the functions 1010 of the radio access node 900 in a virtual environment according to any of the embodiments described herein is provided. In some embodiments, a carrier comprising the aforementioned computer program product is provided. The carrier is one of an electronic signal, an optical signal, a radio signal, or a computer readable storage medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer readable medium such as memory).

Figure 11 is a schematic block diagram of the radio access node 900 according to some other embodiments of the présent disclosure. The radio access node 900 includes one or more modules 1100, each of which is implemented in software. The module(s) 1100 provide the functionality of the radio access node 900 described herein. This discussion is equally applicable to the processing node 1000 of Figure 10 where the modules 1100 may be implemented at one of the processing nodes 1000 or distributed across multiple processing nodes 1000 and/or distributed across the processing node(s) 1000 and the control system 902.

Figure 12 is a schematic block diagram of a UE 1200 according to some embodiments of the présent disclosure. As illustrated, the UE 1200 includes one or more processors 1202 (e.g., CPUs, ASICs, FPGAs, and/or the like), memory 1204, and one or more transceivers 1206 each including one or more transmitters 1208 and one or more receivers 1210 coupled to one or more antennas 1212. The processors 1202 are also referred to herein as processing circuitry. The transceivers 1206 are also referred to herein as radio circuitry. In some embodiments, the functionality of the UE 1200 described above may be fully or partially implemented in software that is, e.g., stored in the memory 1204 and executed by the processor(s) 1202. Note that the UE 1200 may include additional components not illustrated in Figure 12 such as, e.g., one or more user interface components (e.g., a display, buttons, a touch screen, a microphone, a speaker(s), and/or the like), a power supply (e.g., a battery and associated power circuitry), etc.

In some embodiments, a computer program including instructions which, when executed by at least one processor, causes the at least one processor to carry out the functionality of the UE 1200 according to any of the embodiments described herein is provided. In some embodiments, a carrier comprising the aforementioned computer program product is provided. The carrier is one of an electronic signal, an optical signal, a radio signal, or a computer readable storage medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer readable medium such as memory).

Figure 13 is a schematic block diagram of the UE 1200 according to some other embodiments of the présent disclosure. The UE 1200 includes one or more modules 1300, each of which is implemented in software. The module(s) 1300 provide the functionality of the UE 1200 described herein.

With reference to Figure 14, in accordance with an embodiment, a communication system includes a télécommunication network 1400, such as a 3GPP-type cellular network, which comprises an access network 1402, such as a Radio Access Node (RAN), and a core network 1404. The access network 1402 comprises a plurality of base stations 1406A, 1406B, 1406C, such as NBs, eNBs, gNBs, or other types of wireless Access Points (APs), each defining a corresponding coverage area 1408A, 1408B, 1408C.

Each base station 1406A, 1406B, 1406C is connectable to the core network 1404 over a wired or wireless connection 1410. A first UE 1412 located in coverage area 1408C is configured to wirelessly connect to, or be paged by, the corresponding base station 1406C. A second UE 1414 in coverage area 1408A is wirelessly connectable to the corresponding base station 1406A. While a plurality of UEs 1412, 1414 are illustrated in this example, the disclosed embodiments are equally applicable to a situation where a sole UE is in the coverage area or where a sole UE is connecting to the corresponding base station 1406.

The télécommunication network 1400 is itself connected to a host computer 1416, which may be embodied in the hardware and/or software of a standalone server, a cloud-implemented server, a distributed server, or as processing resources in a server farm. The host computer 1416 may be underthe ownership or control of a service provider, or may be operated by the service provider or on behalf of the service provider. Connections 1418 and 1420 between the télécommunication network 1400 and the host computer 1416 may extend directly from the core network 1404 to the host computer 1416 or may go via an optional intermediate network 1422. The intermediate network 1422 may be one of, or a combination of more than one of, a public, private, or hosted network; the intermediate network 1422, if any, may be a backbone network or the Internet; in particular, the intermediate network 1422 may comprise two or more sub-networks (not shown).

The communication System of Figure 14 as a whole enables connectivity between the connected UEs 1412, 1414 and the host computer 1416. The connectivity may be described as an Over-the-Top (OTT) connection 1424. The host computer 1416 and the connected UEs 1412, 1414 are configured to communicate data and/or signaling via the OTT connection 1424, using the access network 1402, the core network 1404, any intermediate network 1422, and possible further infrastructure (not shown) as intermediaries. The OTT connection 1424 may be transparent in the sense that the participating communication devices through which the OTT connection 1424 passes are unaware of routing of uplink and downlink communications. For example, the base station 1406 may not or need not be informed about the past routing of an incoming downlink communication with data originating from the host computer 1416 to be forwarded (e.g., handed over) to a connected UE 1412. Similarly, the base station 1406 need not be aware of the future routing of an outgoing uplink communication originating from the UE 1412 towards the host computer 1416.

Example implémentations, in accordance with an embodiment, ofthe UE, base station, and host computer discussed in the preceding paragraphe will now be described with reference to Figure 15. In a communication system 1500, a host computer 1502 comprises hardware 1504 including a communication interface 1506 configured to set up and maintain a wired or wireless connection with an interface of a different communication device ofthe communication system 1500. The host computer 1502 further comprises processing circuitry 1508, which may hâve storage and/or processing capabilities. In particular, the processing circuitry 1508 may comprise one or more programmable processors, ASICs, FPGAs, or combinations of these (not shown) adapted to execute instructions. The host computer 1502 further comprises software 1510, which is stored in or accessible by the host computer 1502 and exécutable by the processing circuitry 1508. The software 1510 includes a host application 1512. The host application 1512 may be opérable to provide a service to a remote user, such as a UE 1514 connecting via an OTT connection 1516 terminating at the UE 1514 and the host computer 1502. In providing the service to the remote user, the host application 1512 may provide user data which is transmitted using the OTT connection 1516.

The communication System 1500 further includes a base station 1518provided in a télécommunication system and comprising hardware 1520 enabling it to communicate with the host computer 1502 and with the UE 1514. The hardware 1520 may include a communication interface 1522 for setting up and maintaining a wired or wireless connection with an interface of a different communication device ofthe communication system 1500, as well as a radio interface 1524 for setting up and maintaining at least a wireless connection 1526 with the UE 1514 located in a coverage area (not shown in Figure 15) served by the base station 1518. The communication interface 1522 may be configured to facilitate a connection 1528 to the host computer 1502. The connection 1528 may be direct or it may pass through a core network (not shown in Figure 15) of the télécommunication system and/or through one or more intermediate networks outside the télécommunication system. In the embodiment shown, the hardware 1520 of the base station 1518 further includes processing circuitry 1530, which may comprise one or more programmable processors, ASICs, FPGAs, or combinations of these (not shown) adapted to execute instructions. The base station 1518 further has software 1532 stored internally or accessible via an external connection.

The communication System 1500 further includes the UE 1514 already referred to. The UE’s 1514 hardware 1534 may include a radio interface 1536 configured to set up and maintain a wireless connection 1526 with a base station serving a coverage area in which the UE 1514 is currently located. The hardware 1534 ofthe UE 1514 further includes processing circuitry 1538, which may comprise one or more programmable processors, ASICs, FPGAs, or combinations of these (not shown) adapted to execute instructions. The UE 1514 further comprises software 1540, which is stored in or accessible by the UE 1514 and exécutable by the processing circuitry 1538. The software 1540 includes a client application 1542. The client application 1542 may be opérable to provide a service to a human or non-human user via the UE 1514, with the support of the host computer 1502. In the host computer 1502, the executing host application 1512 may communicate with the executing client application 1542 via the OTT connection 1516 terminating at the UE 1514 and the host computer 1502. In providing the service to the user, the client application 1542 may receive request data from the host application 1512 and provide user data in response to the request data. The OTT connection 1516 may transfer both the request data and the user data. The client application 1542 may interact with the user to generate the user data that it provides.

It is noted that the host computer 1502, the base station 1518, and the UE 1514 illustrated in Figure 15 may be similar or identical to the host computer 1416, one of the base stations 1406A, 1406B, 1406C, and one of the UEs 1412, 1414 of Figure 14, respectively. This is to say, the inner workings of these entities may be as shown in Figure 15 and independently, the surrounding network topology may be that of Figure 14.

In Figure 15, the OTT connection 1516 has been drawn abstractly to illustrate the communication between the host computer 1502 and the UE 1514 via the base station 1518 without explicit reference to any intermediary devices and the précisé routing of messages via these devices. The network infrastructure may détermine the routing, which may be configured to hide from the UE 1514 or from the service provider operating the host computer 1502, or both. While the OTT connection 1516 is active, the network infrastructure may further take decisions by which it dynamically changes the routing (e.g., on the basis of load balancing considération or reconfiguration of the network).

The wireless connection 1526 between the UE 1514 and the base station 1518 is in accordance with the teachings ofthe embodiments described throughout this disclosure. One or more of the various embodiments improve the performance of OTT services provided to the UE 1514 using the OTT connection 1516, in which the wireless connection 1526 forms the last segment. More precisely, the teachings of these embodiments may improve, e.g., data rate, latency, and/or power consumption and thereby provide benefits such as, e.g., reduced user waiting time, relaxed restriction on file size, better responsiveness, and/or extended battery lifetime.

A measurement procedure may be provided for the purpose of monitoring data rate, latency, and other factors on which the one or more embodiments improve. There may further be an optional network functionality for reconfiguring the OTT connection 1516 between the host computer 1502 and the UE 1514, in response to variations in the measurement results. The measurement procedure and/or the network functionality for reconfiguring the OTT connection 1516 may be implemented in the software 1510 and the hardware 1504 of the host computer 1502 or in the software 1540 and the hardware 1534 of the UE 1514, or both. In some embodiments, sensors (not shown) may be deployed in or in association with communication devices through which the OTT connection 1516 passes; the sensors may participate in the measurement procedure by supplying values of the monitored quantities exemplified above, or supplying values of other physical quantities from which the software 1510, 1540 may compute or estimate the monitored quantities. The reconfiguring of the OTT connection 1516 may include message format, retransmission settings, preferred routing, etc.; the reconfiguring need not affect the base station 1514, and it may be unknown or imperceptible to the base station 1514. Such procedures and functionalities may be known and practiced in the art. In certain embodiments, measurements may involve proprietary UE signaling facilitating the host computer 1502’s measurements of throughput, propagation times, latency, and the like. The measurements may be implemented in that the software 1510 and 1540 causes messages to be transmitted, in particular empty or ‘dummy’ messages, using the OTT connection 1516 while it monitors propagation times, errors, etc.

Figure 16 is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in a communication System, in accordance with one embodiment. The communication System includes a host computer, a base station, and a UE which may be those described with reference to Figures 14 and 15. For simplicity of the présent disclosure, only drawing references to Figure 16 will be included in this section. In step 1600, the host computer provides user data. In sub-step 1602 (which may be optional) of step 1600, the host computer provides the user data by executing a host application. In step 1604, the host computer initiâtes a transmission carrying the user data to the UE. In step 1606 (which may be optional), the base station transmits to the UE the user data which was carried in the transmission that the host computer initiated, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure. In step 1608 (which may also be optional), the UE executes a client application associated with the host application executed by the host computer.

Figure 17 is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in a communication system, in accordance with one embodiment. The communication system includes a host computer, a base station, and a UE which may be those described with reference to Figures 14 and 15. For simplicity of the présent disclosure, only drawing references to Figure 17 will be included in this section. In step 1700 of the method, the host computer provides user data. In an optional sub-step (not shown) the host computer provides the user data by executing a host application. In step 1702, the host computer initiâtes a transmission carrying the user data to the UE. The transmission may pass via the base station, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure. In step 1704 (which may be optional), the UE receives the user data carried in the transmission.

Figure 18 is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in a communication system, in accordance with one embodiment. The communication system includes a host computer, a base station, and a UE which may be those described with reference to Figures 14 and 15. For simplicity of the présent disclosure, only drawing references to Figure 18 will be included in this section. In step 1800 (which may be optional), the UE receives input data provided by the host computer. Additionally or alternatively, in step 1802, the UE provides user data. In sub-step 1804 (which may be optional) of step 1800, the UE provides the user data by executing a client application. In sub-step 1806 (which may be optional) of step 1802, the UE executes a client application which provides the user data in reaction to the received input data provided by the host computer. In providing the user data, the executed client application may further consider user input received from the user. Regardless of the spécifie manner in which the user data was provided, the UE initiâtes, in sub-step 1808 (which may be optional), transmission of the user data to the host computer. In step 1810 of the method, the host computer receives the user data transmitted from the UE, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure.

Figure 19 is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in a communication system, in accordance with one embodiment. The communication system includes a host computer, a base station, and a UE which may be those described with reference to Figures 14 and 15. For simplicity of the présent disclosure, only drawing references to Figure 19 will be included in this section. In step 1900 (which may be optional), in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure, the base station receives user data from the UE. In step 1902 (which may be optional), the base station initiâtes transmission of the received user data to the host computer. In step 1904 (which may be optional), the host computer receives the user data carried in the transmission initiated by the base station.

Any appropriate steps, methods, features, functions, or benefits disclosed herein may be performed through one or more functional units or modules of one or more virtual apparatuses. Each virtual apparatus may comprise a number of these functional units. These functional units may be implemented via processing circuitry, which may include one or more microprocessor or microcontrollers, as well as other digital hardware, which may include Digital Signal Processor (DSPs), special-purpose digital logic, and the like. The processing circuitry may be configured to execute program code stored in memory, which may include one or several types of memory such as Read Only Memory (ROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), cache memory, flash memory devices, optical storage devices, etc. Program code stored in memory includes program instructions for executing one or more télécommunications and/or data communications protocols as well as instructions for carrying out one or more of the techniques described herein. In some implémentations, the processing circuitry may be used to cause the respective functional unit to perform corresponding functions according one or more embodiments of the présent disclosure.

While processes in the figures may show a particular order of operations performed by certain embodiments of the présent disclosure, it should be understood that such order is exemplary (e.g., alternative embodiments may perform the operations in a different order, combine certain operations, overlap certain operations, etc.).

Some example embodiments of the présent disclosure include the following.

Group A Embodiments

Embodiment 1 : A method performed by a wireless device (712) for transmission power control, the method comprising at least one of: determining (801) a flying mode status of the wireless device (712) and/or indicating (802) a flying mode status of the wireless device (712) (e.g., to a network node); and performing (804) one or more uplink power control related tasks based on the flying mode status of the wireless device (712).

Embodiment 2: The method of embodiment 1 further comprising: receiving (800), from a network node (702), one or more of a configuration of a cell spécifie compensation factor and a User Equipment, UE, spécifie compensation factor; optionally, wherein performing (804) the one or more uplink power control related tasks based on the flying mode status of the wireless device (712) comprises using either the cell spécifie compensation factor or the UE spécifie compensation factor for power control for a transmission based on the flying mode status of the wireless device (712).

Embodiment 3: The method of embodiment 2 wherein the transmission is a Physical Uplink Shared Channel, PUSCH, transmission.

Embodiment 4: The method of embodiment 2 wherein the transmission is a Sounding Reference Signal, SRS, transmission.

Embodiment 5: The method of embodiment 2 wherein the transmission is a Physical Random Access Channel, PRACH, transmission.

Embodiment 6: The method of any one of embodiments 2 to 5 wherein using either the cell spécifie compensation factor or the UE spécifie compensation factor for power control for the transmission based on the flying mode status of the wireless device (712) comprises: using the cell spécifie compensation factor for power control for the transmission if the flying mode status of the wireless device (712) is non-flying mode; and using the UE spécifie compensation factor for power control for the transmission if the flying mode status of the wireless device (712) is flying mode.

Embodiment 7: The method of any one of embodiments 1 to 6 wherein performing (804) the one or more uplink power control related tasks based on the flying mode status of the wireless device (712) comprises at least one of: resetting power control adjustment States when there is a change in the flying mode status of the wireless device (712); and resetting power control adjustment States when a dynamic indication is received indicating the compensation factor to be used by the wireless device (712) for power control.

Embodiment 8: The method of embodiment 7 wherein the dynamic indication is based on MAC CE.

Embodiment 9: The method of embodiment 7 wherein the dynamic indication is based on DCI.

Embodiment 10: The method of any one of embodiments 1 to 6 wherein performing (804) the one or more uplink power control related tasks based on the flying mode status of the wireless device (712) comprises at least one of: resetting accumulation of PUSCH power control adjustment State for a serving cell of the wireless device (712) when the flying mode status of the wireless device (712) changes; and resetting accumulation of PUSCH power control adjustment State for a serving cell of the wireless device (712) when a dynamic indication is received indicating the compensation factor to be used by the wireless device (712) for PUSCH power control.

Embodiment 11 : The method of embodiment 10 wherein the dynamic indication is based on MAC CE.

Embodiment 12: The method of embodiment 10 wherein the dynamic indication is based on DCI.

Embodiment 13: The method of embodiment 1 further comprising: receiving (800), from a network node (702), a configuration of a first set of PRACH transmission parameters for flying mode and a second set of PRACH transmission parameters for nonflying mode; optionally, wherein performing (804) the one or more uplink power control related tasks based on the flying mode status of the wireless device (712) comprises using either the first set of PRACH transmission parameters for PRACH transmission or the second set of PRACH transmission parameters for PRACH transmission based on the flying mode status of the wireless device (712).

Embodiment 14: The method of any one of daims 22 to 26 and 31 wherein receiving the configuration of the cell spécifie compensation factor and the UE spécifie compensation factor and/or receiving the configuration of the first set of PRACH transmission parameters for flying mode and the second set of PRACH transmission parameters for non-flying mode comprises: receiving the configuration via Radio Resource Control, RRC, signaling.

Embodiment 15: The method of embodiment 14 wherein the cell spécifie compensation factor and the UE spécifie compensation factor are signaled as separate parameters.

Embodiment 16: The method of embedment 14 wherein the UE spécifie compensation factor is signaled as an offset from the cell spécifie compensation factor.

Embodiment 17: The method of any one of embodiments 2 to 6 wherein: receiving (800), from the network node (702), the configuration of the cell spécifie compensation factor and the UE spécifie compensation factor comprises receiving, from the network node (702), a configuration of a set of UE spécifie compensation factors; and the method further comprises receiving (803), from the network node (702) via dynamic signaling, an indication of one of the set of UE spécifie compensation factors to use as the UE spécifie compensation factor.

Embodiment 18: The method of 17 wherein the dynamic signaling is through a MAC CE.

Embodiment 19: The method of 17 wherein the dynamic signaling is through DCI.

Embodiment 20: The method of any of the previous embodiments, further comprising: providing user data; and forwarding the user data to a host computer via a transmission to a base station in a radio access network.

Group B Embodiments

Embodiment 21 : A method performed by a base station (702) for transmission power control, the method comprising at least one of: providing (800), to a wireless device (712), a configuration of a cell spécifie compensation factor and/or a User Equipment, UE, spécifie compensation factor to be used by the wireless device (712) for power control for a transmission; and receiving (802), from the wireless device (712), an indication of a flying mode status of the wireless device (712).

Embodiment 22: The method of embodiment 21 further comprising receiving the transmission from the wireless device (712).

Embodiment 23: The method of embodiment 21 or 22 wherein the cell spécifie compensation factor is to be used by the wireless device (712) if the wireless device (712) is in a non-flying mode and the UE spécifie compensation factor is to be used by the wireless device (712) if the wireless device (712) is in a flying mode.

Embodiment 24: The method of any one of embodiments 21 to 23 wherein the transmission is a Physical Uplink Shared Channel, PUSCH, transmission.

Embodiment 25: The method of any one of embodiments 21 to 23 wherein the transmission is a Sounding Reference Signal, SRS, transmission.

Embodiment 26: The method of any one of embodiments 21 to 23 wherein the transmission is a Physical Random Access Channel, PRACH, transmission.

Embodiment 27: The method of any one of embodiments 21 to 26 further comprising: providing (800), to the wireless device (712), a configuration of a first set of PRACH transmission parameters for flying mode and a second set of PRACH transmission parameters for non-flying mode.

Embodiment 28: The method of any one of embodiments 22 to 28 wherein providing the configuration of the cell spécifie compensation factor and/or the UE spécifie compensation factor and/or providing the configuration of the first set of PRACH transmission parameters for flying mode and the second set of PRACH transmission parameters for non-flying mode comprises: providing the configuration via Radio Resource Control, RRC, signaling.

Embodiment 29: The method of embodiment 28 wherein the cell spécifie compensation factor and the UE spécifie compensation factor are signaled as separate parameters.

Embodiment 30: The method of embodiment 28 wherein the UE spécifie compensation factor is signaled as an offset from the cell spécifie compensation factor.

Embodiment 31 : The method of any one of embodiments 21 to 27 wherein: providing (800) the configuration of the cell spécifie compensation factor and the UE spécifie compensation factor comprises providing, to the wireless device (712), a configuration of a set of UE spécifie compensation factors; and the method further comprises providing (803), to the wireless device (712) via dynamic signaling, an indication of one of the set of UE spécifie compensation factors to use as the UE spécifie compensation factor.

Embodiment 32: The method of 31 wherein the dynamic signaling is through a

MAC CE.

Embodiment 33: The method of 31 wherein the dynamic signaling is through DCL

Embodiment 34: The method of any of the previous embodiments, further comprising: obtaining user data; and forwarding the user data to a host computer or a wireless device.

Group C Embodiments

Embodiment 35: A wireless device (712) for transmission power control, the wireless device (712) comprising: processing circuitry (1202) configured to perform any of the steps of any of the Group A embodiments; and power supply circuitry configured to supply power to the wireless device (712).

Embodiment 36: A base station (702) for transmission power control, the base station (702) comprising: processing circuitry (904, 1004) configured to perform any ofthe steps of any ofthe Group B embodiments; and power supply circuitry configured to supply power to the base station (702).

Embodiment 37: A User Equipment, UE, for transmission power control, the UE comprising: an antenna configured to send and receive wireless signais; radio front-end circuitry connected to the antenna and to processing circuitry, and configured to condition signais communicated between the antenna and the processing circuitry; the processing circuitry being configured to perform any of the steps of any of the Group A embodiments; an input interface connected to the processing circuitry and configured to allow input of information into the UE to be processed by the processing circuitry; an output interface connected to the processing circuitry and configured to output information from the UE that has been processed by the processing circuitry; and a battery connected to the processing circuitry and configured to supply power to the UE.

Embodiment 38: A communication System including a host computer comprising: processing circuitry configured to provide user data; and a communication interface configured to forward the user data to a cellular network for transmission to a User Equipment, UE; wherein the cellular network comprises a base station having a radio interface and processing circuitry, the base station’s processing circuitry configured to perform any of the steps of any of the Group B embodiments.

Embodiment 39: The communication system of the previous embodiment further including the base station.

Embodiment 40: The communication system ofthe previous 2 embodiments, further including the UE, wherein the UE is configured to communicate with the base station.

Embodiment 41 : The communication system of the previous 3 embodiments, wherein: the processing circuitry of the host computer is configured to execute a host application, thereby providing the user data; and the UE comprises processing circuitry configured to execute a client application associated with the host application.

Embodiment 42: A method implemented in a communication system including a host computer, a base station, and a User Equipment, UE, the method comprising: atthe host computer, providing user data; and at the host computer, initiating a transmission carrying the user data to the UE via a cellular network comprising the base station, wherein the base station performs any of the steps of any of the Group B embodiments.

Embodiment 43: The method of the previous embodiment, further comprising, at the base station, transmitting the user data.

Embodiment 44: The method ofthe previous 2 embodiments, wherein the user data is provided at the host computer by executing a host application, the method further comprising, at the UE, executing a client application associated with the host application.

Embodiment 45: A User Equipment, UE, configured to communicate with a base station, the UE comprising a radio interface and processing circuitry configured to perform the method of the previous 3 embodiments.

Embodiment 46: A communication system including a host computer comprising: processing circuitry configured to provide user data; and a communication interface configured to forward user data to a cellular network for transmission to a User Equipment, UE; wherein the UE comprises a radio interface and processing circuitry, the UE’s components configured to perform any of the steps of any of the Group A embodiments.

Embodiment 47: The communication system of the previous embodiment, wherein the cellular network further includes a base station configured to communicate with the UE.

Embodiment 48: The communication system of the previous 2 embodiments, wherein: the processing circuitry of the host computer is configured to execute a host application, thereby providing the user data; and the UE’s processing circuitry is configured to execute a client application associated with the host application.

Embodiment 49: A method implemented in a communication system including a host computer, a base station, and a User Equipment, UE, the method comprising: at the host computer, providing user data; and at the host computer, initiating a transmission carrying the user data to the UE via a cellular network comprising the base station, wherein the UE performs any of the steps of any of the Group A embodiments.

Embodiment 50: The method of the previous embodiment, further comprising at the UE, receiving the user data from the base station.

Embodiment 51 : A communication system including a host computer comprising: communication interface configured to receive user data originating from a transmission from a User Equipment, UE, to a base station; wherein the UE comprises a radio interface and processing circuitry, the UE’s processing circuitry configured to perform any of the steps of any of the Group A embodiments.

Embodiment 52: The communication system of the previous embodiment, further including the UE.

Embodiment 53: The communication system of the previous 2 embodiments, further including the base station, wherein the base station comprises a radio interface configured to communicate with the UE and a communication interface configured to forward to the host computer the user data carried by a transmission from the UE to the base station.

Embodiment 54: The communication system of the previous 3 embodiments, wherein: the processing circuitry of the host computer is configured to execute a host application; and the UE’s processing circuitry is configured to execute a client application associated with the host application, thereby providing the user data.

Embodiment 55: The communication system of the previous 4 embodiments, wherein: the processing circuitry of the host computer is configured to execute a host application, thereby providing request data; and the UE’s processing circuitry is configured to execute a client application associated with the host application, thereby providing the user data in response to the request data.

Embodiment 56: A method implemented in a communication System including a host computer, a base station, and a User Equipment, UE, the method comprising: at the host computer, receiving user data transmitted to the base station from the UE, wherein the UE performs any of the steps of any of the Group A embodiments.

Embodiment 57: The method of the previous embodiment, further comprising, at the UE, providing the user data to the base station.

Embodiment 58: The method of the previous 2 embodiments, further comprising: at the UE, executing a client application, thereby providing the user data to be transmitted; and at the host computer, executing a host application associated with the client application.

Embodiment 59: The method of the previous 3 embodiments, further comprising: at the UE, executing a client application; and at the UE, receiving input data to the client application, the input data being provided at the host computer by executing a host application associated with the client application; wherein the user data to be transmitted is provided by the client application in response to the input data.

Embodiment 60: A communication System including a host computer comprising a communication interface configured to receive user data originating from a transmission from a User Equipment, UE, to a base station, wherein the base station comprises a radio interface and processing circuitry, the base station’s processing circuitry configured to perform any of the steps of any of the Group B embodiments.

Embodiment 61: The communication System of the previous embodiment further including the base station.

Embodiment 62: The communication System of the previous 2 embodiments, further including the UE, wherein the UE is configured to communicate with the base station.

Embodiment 63: The communication System of the previous 3 embodiments, wherein: the processing circuitry of the host computer is configured to execute a host application; and the UE is configured to execute a client application associated with the host application, thereby providing the user data to be received by the host computer.

Embodiment 64: A method implemented in a communication System including a host computer, a base station, and a User Equipment, UE, the method comprising: at the host computer, receiving, from the base station, user data originating from a transmission which the base station has received from the UE, wherein the UE performs any of the steps of any of the Group A embodiments.

Embodiment 65: The method of the previous embodiment, further comprising at the base station, receiving the user data from the UE.

Embodiment 66: The method of the previous 2 embodiments, further comprising at the base station, initiating a transmission of the received user data to the host computer.

Group D Embodiments

Embodiment 67: A method of power control which dépends on the airborne status (i.e., the flying mode status) of a User Equipment, UE, wherein at least one of the following dépends on the airborne status:

a. One of the cell spécifie or the UE spécifie fractional pathloss compensation factor is selected by a UE in Physical Uplink Shared Channel, PUSCH, transmit power calculation according to the UE’s flying or airborne status (Embodiment 1/1 b);

b. One of the cell spécifie or the UE spécifie fractional pathloss compensation factor is selected by a UE in Sounding Reference Signal, SRS, transmit power calculation according to the UE’s flying or airborne status for a serving cell that is configured for SRS transmission and not configured for PUSCH / Physical Uplink Control Channel, PUCCH, transmission (Embodiment 2/2b);

c. The closed loop power adjustment state is reset after change in the airborne status of the UE (Embodiment 3/3b);

d. The UE spécifie fractional pathloss compensation factor is selected by a UE in Physical Random Access Channel, PRACH, transmit power calculation according to the UE’s flying or airborne status. In some embodiments, two sets of PRACH power control related parameters are configured and which set is used dépends on the UE’s flying or airborne status (Embodiment 4/4b); and

e. the UE spécifie fractional pathloss compensation factor can be signaled as an offset to the cell spécifie one and the sum of the two is used as the overall fractional pathloss compensation factor in uplink power control. Also, in some embodiments a set of UE spécifie fractional pathloss compensation factors can be configured to the UE, and one of the factor values from the set can be dynamically selected through either Medium Access Control Control Element, MAC CE, or Downlink Control Information, DCI, signaling based on the UE’s airborne status (Embodiment 5).

At least some of the following abbreviations may be used in this disclosure. If there is an inconsistency between abbreviations, preference should be given to how it is used above. If listed multiple times below, the first listing should be preferred over any

subséquent listing(s). • 3GPP	Third Génération Partnership Project
• 5G	Fifth Génération
• 5GC	Fifth Génération Core
• ACK	Acknowledgement
• AMF	Access and Mobility Management Function
• AP	Access Point
• ASIC	Application Spécifie Integrated Circuit
• BL	Bandwidth Limited
• CE	Coverage Enhancement
• CPU	Central Processing Unit
• dB	Decibel
• dBm	Decibel-Milliwatt
• DCI	Downlink Control Information
• DFT	Discrète Fourier Transform
• DSP	Digital Signal Processor
• eNB	Enhanced or Evolved Node B
• EPC	Evolved Packet Core
• EPDCCH	Enhanced Physical Downlink Control Channel
• FDD	Frequency Division Duplex
• FPGA	Field Programmable Gâte Array
• gNB	New Radio Base Station
• HARQ	Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request

	• HO	Handover
	• LAA	License Assisted Access
	• LOS	Line Of Sight
	• LTE	Long Term Evolution
5	• MAC	Medium Access Control
	. MAC CE	MAC Control Element
	• MCS	Modulation and Coding Scheme
	. ΜΙΜΟ	Multiple Input Multiple Output
	• MME	Mobility Management Entity
10	• ms	Millisecond
	• MTC	Machine Type Communication
	• NACK	Négative Acknowledgement
	. NB-loT	Narrowband Internet of Things
	• NLOS	Non-Line of Sight
15	• NR	New Radio
	• OFDM	Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
	• OTT	Over-the-Top
	. PDCCH	Physical Downlink Control Channel
	• PDSCH	Physical Downlink Shared Channel
20	• P-GW	Packet Data Network Gateway
	• PRACH	Physical Random Access Channel
	• PUCCH	Physical Uplink Control Channel
	. PUSCH	Physical Uplink Shared Channel
	. RAM	Random Access Memory
25	• RAN	Radio Access Node
	• RB	Resource Block
	• ROM	Read Only Memory
	• RRC	Radio Resource Control
	. RRH	Remote Radio Head
30	. RSRP	Reference Signal Received Power
	• SCEF	Service Capability Exposure Function

	• SINR	Signal to Noise Ratio
	• SMF	Session Management Function
	• SRS	Sounding Reference Signal
	• TDD	Time Division Duplex
5	• TPC	Transmit Power Control
	• TR	Technical Report
	• TS	Technical Spécification
	• UAV	Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
	• UCI	Uplink Control Information
10	• UE	User Equipment
	• UPF	User Plane Function
	• Wl	Work Item

Those skilled in the art will recognize improvements and modifications to the embodiments ofthe présent disclosure. Ail such improvements and modifications are 15 considered within the scope of the concepts disclosed herein.

References

[1] 3GPP TR 36.777 V15.0.0, Study on Enhanced LTE support for Aerial Vehicles (Release 15)

[2] 3GPP TS 36.213, Section 5.1, “Uplink power control”

[3] 3GPP TS 36.213, Section 6.1, “Physical non-synchronized random access procedure”

[4] RP-172826, New WID on Enhanced LTE Support for Aerial Vehicles,” Ericsson

Claims (29)

1. Claims

   What is claimed is:

   1. A method performed by a wireless device for uplink power control, the method comprising:

   receiving, from a base station, reference altitude information comprising one or more height thresholds;

   detecting that a height of the wireless device is above a height threshold from among the one or more height thresholds;

   triggering and sending a measurement report to the base station upon detecting that the height of the wireless device is above the height threshold;

   receiving, from the base station, an indication to use a particular one of two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors for uplink power control based on the measurement report, the two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors for uplink power control comprising one or more wireless device spécifie fractional pathloss compensation factors for uplink power control; and performing one or more uplink power control related tasks based on a flying mode status of the wireless device, wherein performing the one or more uplink power control related tasks comprises:

   performing uplink power control for an uplink transmission based on the particular one of the two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors indicated by the base station, wherein the uplink transmission is a Physical Uplink Shared Channel, PUSCH, transmission; and resetting an accumulation of a PUSCH power control adjustment State for a serving cell of the wireless device when the indication to use the particular one of the two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors for uplink power control is received.
2. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors further comprise one or more cell spécifie fractional pathloss compensation factors for uplink power control.
3. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein performing the one or more uplink power control related tasks further comprises resetting power control adjustment States when there is a change in the flying mode status of the wireless device.
4. 4. The method of claim 1 wherein performing the one or more uplink power control related tasks further comprises resetting power control adjustment States when the indication to use the particular one of the two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors for uplink power control is received.
5. 5. The method of claim 1 wherein performing the one or more uplink power control related tasks based on the flying mode status of the wireless device comprises resetting the accumulation of the PUSCH power control adjustment state for the serving cell of the wireless device when the flying mode status of the wireless device changes.
6. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein the uplink transmission is a Sounding Reference Signal, SRS, transmission based on the particular one of the two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors.
7. 7. The method of claim 1 wherein the uplink transmission is a Physical Random Access Channel, PRACH, transmission.
8. 8. A wireless device adapted to:

   receive, from a base station, reference altitude information comprising one or more height thresholds;

   detect that a height of the wireless device is above a height threshold from among the one or more height thresholds;

   trigger and send a measurement report to the base station upon detecting that the height of the wireless device is above the height threshold;

   receive, from the base station, an indication to use a particular one of two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors for uplink power control based on the measurement report, the two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors for uplink power control comprising one or more wireless device spécifie fractional pathloss compensation factors for uplink power control; and perform one or more uplink power control related tasks based on a flying mode status of the wireless device, wherein the wireless device is adapted to perform the one or more uplink power control related tasks by being adapted to:

   perform uplink power control for an uplink transmission based on the particular one of the two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors indicated by the base station, wherein the uplink transmission is a Physical Uplink Shared Channel, PUSCH, transmission; and reset an accumulation of a PUSCH power control adjustment state for a serving cell of the wireless device when the indication to use the particular one of the two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors for uplink power control is received.
9. 9. The wireless device of claim 8 wherein the wireless device is further adapted to perform the method of any one of claims 2 and 4 to 6.
10. 10. A wireless device comprising:

    one or more transceivers; and processing circuitry associated with the one or more transceivers, the processing circuitry configured to cause the wireless device to:

    receive, from a base station, reference altitude information comprising one or more height thresholds;

    detect that a height of the wireless device is above a height threshold from among the one or more height thresholds;

    trigger and send a measurement report to the base station upon detecting that the height of the wireless device is above the height threshold;

    receive, from the base station, an indication to use a particular one of two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors for uplink power control based on the measurement report, the two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors for uplink power control comprising one or more wireless device spécifie fractional pathloss compensation factors for uplink power control; and perform one or more uplink power control related tasks based on a flying mode status of the wireless device, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to cause the wireless device to perform the one or more uplink power control related tasks by being configured to cause the wireless device to:

    perform uplink power control for an uplink transmission based on the particular one of the two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors indicated by the base station, wherein the uplink transmission is a Physical Uplink Shared Channel, PUSCH, transmission; and reset an accumulation of a PUSCH power control adjustment State for a serving cell of the wireless device when the indication to use the particular one of the two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors for uplink power control is received.
11. 11. The wireless device of claim 10 wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to cause the wireless device to perform the method of any one of daims 2, 4 to 6, and 9 to 10.
12. 12. A method performed by a wireless device for uplink power control, the method comprising:

    determining a particular one of two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors to use for uplink power control based on a flying mode status of the wireless device, the two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors comprising a cell spécifie fractional pathloss compensation factor for uplink power control and a wireless device spécifie fractional pathloss compensation factor for uplink power control, wherein determining the particular one of the two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors to use for uplink power control based on the flying mode status of the wireless device comprises:

    indicating, to a base station, the flying mode status of the wireless device;

    and receiving, from the base station, an indication to use the particular one of the two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors for uplink power control based on the flying mode status; and performing one or more uplink power control related tasks based on the flying mode status of the wireless device, wherein performing the one or more uplink power control related tasks comprises:

    performing uplink power control for an uplink transmission based on the particular one of the two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors, wherein the uplink transmission is a Physical Uplink Shared Channel, PUSCH, transmission; and resetting an accumulation of a PUSCH power control adjustment State for a serving cell ofthe wireless device when the indication to use the particular one of the two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors for uplink power control is received.
13. 13. The method of claim 12 further comprising:

    receiving, from the base station, configurations ofthe two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors for uplink power control comprising the cell spécifie fractional pathloss compensation factor for uplink power control and the wireless device spécifie fractional pathloss compensation factor for uplink power control.
14. 14. The method of claim 12 further comprising determining the flying mode status of the wireless device.
15. 15. The method of claim 14 further comprising:

    receiving, from the base station, reference altitude information; and wherein determining the flying mode status ofthe wireless device comprises determining the flying mode status ofthe wireless device based on the reference altitude information.
16. 16. The method of claim 15 wherein the reference altitude information comprises one or more reference height thresholds.
17. 17. The method of claim 15 wherein the reference altitude information comprises two or more reference height thresholds.
18. 18. The method of claim 12 wherein indicating, to the base station, the flying mode status of the wireless device comprises triggering and sending a measurement report to the base station when a height of the wireless device is above a reference height threshold.
19. 19. The method of claim 18 wherein performing the one or more uplink power control related tasks further comprises resetting power control adjustment States when the indication to use the particular one of the two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors for uplink power control is received.
20. 20. The method of claim 12 wherein the indication is based on a Medium Access Control, MAC, Control Elément, CE.
21. 21. The method of claim 12 wherein the indication is based on Downlink Control Information, DCI.
22. 22. The method of claim 12 wherein performing the one or more uplink power control related tasks further comprises resetting power control adjustment States when there is a change in the flying mode status of the wireless device.
23. 23. The method of claim 12 wherein performing the one or more uplink power control related tasks based on the flying mode status of the wireless device comprises resetting the accumulation of the PUSCH power control adjustment state for the serving cell of the wireless device when the flying mode status of the wireless device changes.
24. 24. The method of claim 12_wherein the uplink transmission is a Sounding Reference Signal, SRS, transmission based on the particular one of the two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors.
25. 25. The method of claim 12_wherein the uplink transmission is a Physical Random Access Channel, PRACH, transmission.
26. 26. A wireless device adapted to:

    détermine a particular one of two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors to use for uplink power control based on a flying mode status ofthe wireless device, the two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors comprising a cell spécifie fractional pathloss compensation factor for uplink power control and a wireless device spécifie fractional pathloss compensation factor for uplink power control, wherein the wireless device is adapted to détermine the particular one ofthe two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors to use for uplink power control based on the flying mode status ofthe wireless device by being adapted to:

    indicate, to a base station, the flying mode status ofthe wireless device; and receive, from the base station, an indication to use the particular one of the two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors for uplink power control based on the flying mode status; and perform one or more uplink power control related tasks based on the flying mode status of the wireless device, wherein the wireless device is adapted to perform the one or more uplink power control related tasks by being adapted to:

    perform uplink power control for an uplink transmission based on the particular one ofthe two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors, wherein the uplink transmission is a Physical Uplink Shared Channel, PUSCH, transmission; and reset an accumulation of a PUSCH power control adjustment State for a serving cell ofthe wireless device when the indication to use the particular one of the two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors for uplink power control is received.
27. 27. The wireless device of claim 26 wherein the wireless device is further adapted to perform the method of claim 13.
28. 28. A wireless device comprising:

    one or more transceivers; and processing circuitry associated with the one or more transceivers, the processing circuitry configured to cause the wireless device to:

    détermine a particular one of two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors to use for uplink power control based on a flying mode status of the wireless device, the two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors comprising a cell spécifie fractional pathloss compensation factor for uplink power control and a wireless device spécifie fractional pathloss compensation factor for uplink power control, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to cause the wireless device to détermine the particular one of the two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors to use for uplink power control based on the flying mode status of the wireless device by being configured to cause the wireless device to:

    indicate, to a base station, the flying mode status of the wireless device; and receive, from the base station, an indication to use the particular one of the two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors for uplink power control based on the flying mode status; and perform one or more uplink power control related tasks based on the flying mode status of the wireless device, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to cause the wireless device to perform the one or more uplink power control related tasks by being configured to cause the wireless device to:

    perform uplink power control for an uplink transmission based on the particular one of the two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors, wherein the uplink transmission is a Physical Uplink Shared Channel, PUSCH, transmission; and reset an accumulation of a PUSCH power control adjustment state for a serving cell of the wireless device when the indication to use the particular one of the two or more fractional pathloss compensation factors for uplink power control is received.
29. 29. The wireless device of claim 28 wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to cause the wireless device to perform the method of claim 13.