OA18737A - Compositions and methods for efficient targeting of transgenes - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides recombinant DNA molecules and constructs useful for providing efficient transgene sub-cellular localization of proteins in transgenic plants. Recombinant DNA molecules and constructs for conferring herbicide tolerance or resistance to plants are further provided, as well as plants exhibiting herbicide tolerance and methods for producting or utilizing such plants.

Description

COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR EFFICIENT TARGETING OF TRANSGENES

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application daims the benefît of United States Provisional Application No. 5 62/270,180, filed on December 21, 2015, and United States Provisional Application No.

62/364,715, filed on July 20, 2016, herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION l I I I

[0002] The invention relates generally to the fields of agriculture, plant biotechnology, and molecular biology. More specifically, the invention relates to compositions and methods for 10 producing transgenic plants exhibiting herbicide tolérance or résistance.

INCORPORATION OF SEQUENCE LISTING

[0003] A computer readable form of a sequence listing is filed with this application by electronic submission and is incorporated into this application by reference in its entirety. The sequence listing is contained in the file named MONS389WO_ST25.txt, which is 122 15 kilobytes in size (measured in operating system MS Windows) and created on December 19, 2016.

DESCRIPTION OF RELATED ART

[0004] The production of novel transgenic plants offers the potential for significantly improved crop plants exhibiting bénéficiai traits, such as improved herbicide tolérance to 20 allow for enhanced weed control strategies. However, while proteins useful for producing bénéficiai traits in crops are known, effective sub-ccllular localization (known as targeting) and processing of these recombinant proteins in transgenic plant cells remains a significant obstacle. A need therefore exists for novel transit peptides capable of effectively localizîng recombinant proteins within plant cells.

SUMMARY

[0005] One aspect of the invention relates to a recombinant DNA molécule comprising a DNA sequence encoding a chloroplast transit peptide (CTP) operably linked to a DNA sequence encoding a dicamba monooxygenase (DMO) or a protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO), wherein the CTP comprises a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID 30 NOs:l-3. In certain embodiments, the DNA sequence encoding a CTP comprises a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:7-l4. In further embodiments, the DMO or PPO comprises a polypeptide selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 18-27 and 40-59. In one embodiment, the DNA sequence a DMO or PPO comprises a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:28-37 and 61-102. In spécifie embodiments, the DMO or PPO is defined as a herbicide tolérance protein that is capable of conferring herbicide tolérance when expressed in a plant cell. In particular embodiments, the herbicide tolérance protein is a DMO protein, and the CTP comprises a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1-3, or the herbicide tolérance protein is a PPO protein, and the CTP comprises a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:l and 2.

[0006] In another aspect, the invention provides a DNA construct comprising the a recombinant DNA molécule as described herein operably linked to a heterologous promoter functional in a plant cell.

[0007] In yet another aspect, the invention provides a transgenic plant, plant cell, plant part, or seed transformed with a recombinant DNA molécule of the invention. In spécifie embodiments, the plant is a monocot plant. Monocot plants that may be used with the invention include, but are not limited to, maize or wheat plants. In another embodiment, the plant is a dicot plant. Dicot plants that may be used with the invention include, but are not limited to, a soybean, cotton, or Brassica plant.

[0008] In still yet another aspect, a recombinant DNA molécule of the invention is provided that is present within a nonliving plant material. In one example, plant cells are within the scope of the invention when these contain a recombinant DNA molécule of the present invention. In one embodiment, such plant cells may be regenerable plant cells or may be non-regenerable plant cells not capable of being regenerated into a plant.

[0009] In still yet another aspect, the invention provides methods of producing commodity products that comprise a détectable amount of a recombinant DNA molécule of the invention, including the products produced thereby. In certain embodiments, commodity products provided by the invention include nonviable seeds or parts thereof, dehydrated plant tissue, frozen plant tissue, processed plant tissue, meal, flour, flakes, bran, and fiber. Commodity products may be viable or nonviable. Nonviable commodity products include but are not limited to nonviable seeds and grains; processed seeds, seed parts, and plant parts; dehydrated plant tissue, frozen plant tissue, and processed plant tissue, Commodity products of the invention contain a détectable amount of a recombinant DNA molécule as described herein.

Methods for detecting a recombinant DNA molécule of the invention are well known in the art.

[0010] In a further aspect, the invention provides a method for producing an herbicide tolérant plant comprising the steps of a) transforming a plant cell with a DNA construct ofthe invention, and b) regenerating a plant from the transformed plant cell that comprises the DNA construct. In one embodiment of the method, the regenerated plant is tolérant to an herbicide selected from the group consisting of dicamba and a PPO inhibitor.

[0011] In yet another aspect, the invention provides a method of producing an herbicide tolérant plant comprising the steps of: a) Crossing a parent plant comprising a recombinant DNA molécule of the invention with itself or with a second plant to produce one or more progeny plants; and b) selecting a progeny plant comprising said DNA molécule. In one embodiment of the method, the progeny plant is tolérant to an herbicide selected from the group consisting of dicamba and a PPO inhibitor.

[0012] In still another aspect, the invention provides a method for expressing an PPO or DMO in a plant cell comprising introducing a recombinant DNA molécule of the invention into a plant cell. In one embodiment of the invention, the introducing a recombinant DNA molécule comprises transforming the plant cell.

[0013] In another aspect, the invention provides a method for controlling weed growth in a crop growing environment comprising the steps of: a) planting a plant or seed of the invention in a crop growing environment; and b) applying to the crop growing environment an amount of dicamba or a PPO inhibitor herbicide effective to control weed growth. In spécifie embodiments, the herbicide application is made pre- or post-emergent. In one embodiment, the amount of herbicide does not damage the plant or seed. In certain embodiments of the method, the plant or seed is a monocot plant or seed, such as a maize or wheat plant or seed. In other embodiments, the plant or seed is a dicot plant or seed, such as a soybean, cotton, or Brassica plant. In further embodiments, the herbicide is dicamba or a PPO inhibitor.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0014] Figure 1. Transgenic Fl maize plants expressing H_N10 (SEQ ID NO:43) operably linked to APG6 (SEQ ID NO:1) or 12G088600TP (SEQ ID NO:38) after herbicide application treatment of 0.036 Ibs ai/acre S-3100 applied at V2 followed by V4 followed by V8.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEQUENCES

[0015| SEQ ID NO:l is the amino acid sequence of the Arabidopsis thaliana albino and pale green (APG6) CTP.

[0016] SEQ ID NO:2 is the amino acid sequence of an amino-terminal optimized variant of the APG6 CTP of SEQ ID NO:1.

[0017] SEQ ID NO:3 is the amino acid sequence of the Arabidopsis thaliana 90 kDa heat shock protein (CR88) CTP.

[0018] SEQ ID NO:4 is the amino acid sequence of the Ph.ShkG-CTP4 CTP.

[0019] SEQ ID NO:5 is the amino acid sequence of the Ps.RbcS-3C CTP.

[0020] SEQ ID NO:6 is the amino acid sequence of the Os.Waxy CTP.

[0021] SEQ ID NO:7-11 are nucleic acid sequences encoding APG6 CTP of SEQ ID NO;1 optimized for monocot or dicot expression.

[0022] SEQ ID NO: 12 is the nucleic acid sequence encoding APG6 CTP of SEQ ID NO:2.

[0023] SEQ ID NO: 13 and 14 are nucleic acid sequences encoding At.CR88 CTP optimized for dicot or monocot expression, respectively.

[0024] SEQ ID NO: 15-17 are nucleic acid sequences encoding SEQ ID NO:4-6, respectively.

[0025] SEQ ID NO: 18-27 are amino acid sequences encoding dicamba monooxygenase (DMO) variants.

[0026] SEQ ID NO:28-37 are nucleic acid sequences encoding DMO variants of SEQ ID NO: 18-27, respectively.

[0027] SEQ ID NO:38 is the amino acid sequence of the cotton 12G088600TP chloroplast transit peptide optimized for dicot expression.

[0028] SEQ ID NO:39 is nucleic acid sequences encoding SEQ ID NO:38.

[0029] SEQ ID NO:40 is the amino acid sequence of H_N90.

[0030] SEQ ID NO:41 is the amino acid sequence of H N20.

[0031] SEQ ID NO:42 is the amino acid sequence of H N60.

[0032] SEQ ID NO:43 is the amino acid sequence of H_N10.

[0033] SEQ ID NO:44 is the amino acid sequence of H_N30.

[0034] SEQ ID NO:45 is the amino acid sequence of H N40.

[0035] SEQ LD NO:46 is the amino acid sequence of H_N50.

[0036] SEQ ID NO:47 is the amino acid sequence of H N70.

[0037] SEQ ID NO:48 is the amino acid sequence of H_N100,

[0038] SEQ ID NO:49 is the amino acid sequence of H_N110.

[0039| SEQ ID NO:50-56 are amino acid sequences lacking the start méthionine corresponding to SEQ ID NOs:40, 4I, 43, 44, 45, 46, and 48, respectively.

[0040] SEQ ID NO:57-58 are amino acid variants of SEQ ID NO:50.

[0041] SEQ ID NO:59 is an amino acid variant of SEQ ID NO:56.

[0042] SEQ ID NO:60 is the amino acid sequence of the protoporphyrinogen oxidase from Amaranthus tuberculatus (waterhemp) (WHPPO).

[0043] SEQ ID NO:61-70 are nucléotide sequences encoding SEQ ID NO:40-49, respectively, codon optimized for E. coli expression.

[0044] SEQ ID NO:71-80 are the nucléotide sequences encoding SEQ ID NO:40-49, respectively, codon optimized for dicot expression.

[0045] SEQ ID NO:81-87 are the nucléotide sequences encoding SEQ ID NO:50-56, respectively, codon optimized for dicot expression.

[0046] SEQ ID NO:88 and 91 are nucléotide variants of SEQ ID NO:50 and 51, respectively. [0047J SEQ ID NOs:89, 90, and 92 are nucléotide sequences encoding SEQ ID NOs;57-59, respectively.

[0048] SEQ ID NO:93-102 are the nucléotide sequences encoding SEQ ID NO:40-49, respectively, codon optimized for monocot expression.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049| Chloroplast transit peptides (CTPs) for localizing herbicide tolérance proteins within cells are known in the art, but the degree of effective sub-cellular localization and processing for any CTP and herbicide tolérance protein combination is difficult to predict. Localization and processing détermines the expression level and function of an herbicide tolérance protein and thus affects the herbicide tolérance phenotype of a transgenic cell, plant, or seed comprising the protein. Various CTPs hâve been tested with useful herbicide tolérance proteins including dicamba monooxygenases (DMO) and protoporphyrinogen oxidases (PPO) in transgenic plants. However, poor or incomplète processing and localization of the protein is often seen.

[0050] The invention overcomes these obstacles by providing novel recombinant DNA molécules capable of providing improved chloroplast localization and processing, as well as compositions and methods for using these. Recombinant DNA molécules of the invention comprise a DNA sequence encoding a CTP operably linked to DMO or PPO. The recombinant DNA molécules of the invention provide for chloroplast localization of DMO or

PPO and improved tolérance to dicamba or PPO herbicide in plants comprising the recombinant DNA molécules.

[0051] In certain embodiments, the invention provides recombinant DNA molécules comprising a DNA sequence encoding a CTP comprising a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1-3 operably linked to a DNA sequence encoding an herbicide tolérance protein. In some embodiments, the invention provides recombinant DNA molécules comprising DNA sequences encoding CTPs, such as a CTP having a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1-3, operably linked to a DNA sequence encoding a DMO protein, for example a DM0 protein having a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 18-27. In further embodiments, the invention provides recombinant DNA molécules comprising DNA sequences encoding CTPs, such as a CTP having a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1-3, operably linked to a DNA sequence encoding a PPO protein, such as a PPO protein having a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID N0s:40-60.

Recombinant DNA Molécules

[0052] As used herein, the term “recombinant” refers to a non-natural DNA, polypeptide, protein, cell, seed, or plant that is the resuit of genetic engineering and as such would not normally be found in nature and was created by human intervention. A “recombinant DNA molécule” is a DNA molécule comprising a DNA sequence that does not naturally occur and that is the resuit of human intervention, such as a DNA molécule comprised of a combination of at least two DNA molécules heterologous to each other. An example of a recombinant DNA molécule is a DNA molécule encoding a CTP comprising a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1-3 operably linked to a DNA sequence encoding a DMO protein comprising a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 18-27. Examples of DMO proteins are provided in Table 1 below.

Table 1. Dicamba Monooxygenases (DMO)

PRT SEQ ID NO	DNA SEQ ID NO	PRT length	Predicted position 2	Predicted position 3	Predicted position 112	Codon Usage
18	28	340	Leu	Thr	Trp	dicot
19	29	339	Thr	Phe	Trp (at 111)	dicot
20	30	340	Leu	Thr	Trp	monocot
21	31	340	Ala	Thr	Cys	dicot
11	32	340	Leu	Thr	Cys	dicot
23	33	340	Ala	Thr	Cys	bacterial
24	34	340	Ala	Thr	Trp	dicot
25	35	340	Ala	Thr	Trp	monocot
26	36	340	Leu	Thr	Cys	dicot
27	37	340	Leu	Thr	Trp	dicot

[0053] Another example of a recombinant DNA molécule is a DNA molécule encoding a CTP comprising a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:l-3 operably 5 linked to DNA sequence encoding a PPO protein comprising a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID N0s:40-60. A recombinant cell, seed, or plant is a cell, seed, or plant comprising transgenic DNA, for example a transgenic cell, seed, plant, or plant part comprising a recombinant DNA molécule of the invention. Examples of PPO proteins are provided in Table 2 below.

Table 2. Protoporphyrinogen oxidases (PPO)

PPO	Protein SEQ ID NO	Bacterial DNA SEQ ID NO	Dicot optimized DNA SEQ ID NO	Monocot optimized DNA SEQ ID NO
H_NlO	43,52	64	74, 83	96
H_N20	4l,5l	62	72, 82, 91	94
H_N30	44, 53	65	75, 84	97
H_N40	45, 54	66	76,85	98
H_N50	46,55	67	77, 86	99
H_N60	42	63	73	95
H_N70	47	68	78	100
HN90	40, 50, 57, 58	61	71, 81, 88, 89, 90	93
H_Nl00	48, 56, 59	69	79, 87, 92	101
H-NHO	49	70	80	102
WHPPO	60	n/a	n/a	n/a

[0054] Examples of CTP sequences that may be used in accordance with the invention are provided in Table 3 below.

Table 3. Chloroplast Transit Peptides (CTP)

CTP	PRT SEQ ID NO	DNA SEQ ID NO	Codon Usage
APG6	1	7, 10,11	monocot
8,9	dicot
N-opt APG6	2	12	dicot
At.CR88	3	13	dicot
14	monocot
Ph.ShkG-CTP4	4	15	monocot
Ps.RbcS-3C	5	16	dicot
Os.waxy	6	17	monocot
12G088600TP	38	39	dicot

[0055] As used herein, the term “isolated DNA molécule” means that a DNA molécule is présent alone or in combination with other compositions but is not within its natural environment. For example, a recombinant DNA molécule comprising a protein-coding sequence and heterologous CTP sequence is an isolated DNA molécule when présent in the genome of a transgenic plant, cell, or seed since the components of that recombinant DNA molécule are not in their natural environment (that is, the genome of the organism in which each component was first observed). A recombinant DNA molécule présent in a transgenic plant genome is an isolated DNA molécule so long as the recombinant DNA molécule was not naturally found in that plant genome and thus is isolated from its natural environment.

[0056J As used herein, the term “genetic engineering” refers to the création by human intervention of a DNA, protein, or organism that would not normally be found in nature. Genetic engineering can be used to produce a DNA, polypeptide, protein, cell, seed, or plant that was conceived of and created in the laboratory using one or more of the techniques of biotechnology such as molecular biology, protein biochemistry, bacterial transformation, and plant transformation. For example, genetic engineering can be used to create a chimeric gene comprising a DNA molécule encoding a CTP comprising a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:l-3, operably linked to a DMO protein comprising a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:l8-27, and optionally may further comprise a heterologous promoter functional in a plant cell. In another example, genetic engineering can be used to create a chimeric gene comprising a DNA molécule encoding a CTP comprising a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:l-3, operably linked to a PPO protein comprising a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID N0s:40-60, and optionally may further comprise a heterologous promoter functional in a plant cell. Such a chimeric gene may be produced using one or more of the techniques of molecular biology, such as gene cloning, DNA ligation, and DNA synthesis.

[0057] The term “transgene” refers to a DNA molécule artificially incorporated into an organism’s genome as a resuit of human intervention, such as by plant transformation methods. As used herein, the term “transgenic” means comprising a transgene, for example a “transgenic plant” refers to a plant comprising a transgene in its genome and a “transgenic trait” refers to a characteristic or phenotype conveyed or conferred by the presence of a transgene incorporated into the plant genome. As a resuit of such genomic alteration, the transgenic plant is something distinctly different from the related wild-type plant and the transgenic trait is a trait not naturally found in the wild-type plant. Transgenic plants of the invention comprise the recombinant DNA molécules provided by the invention.

[0058] As used herein, the term “heterologous” refers to the relationship between two or more materials derived from different sources and thus not normally associated in nature. For example, a DMO protein is heterologous with respect to an operably linked CTP if such combination is not normally found in nature. In another example, a recombinant DNA molécule encoding a CTP operably linked to a DM0 protein is heterologous with respect to an operably linked promoter that is functional in a plant cell if such combination is not normally found in nature. A particular recombinant DNA molécule also may be heterologous with respect to a cell, seed, or organism into which it is inserted when it would not naturally occur in that particular cell, seed, or organism.

[0059| As used herein, the term “protein-coding DNA molécule” or “polypeptide-coding DNA molécule” refers to a DNA molécule comprising a DNA sequence that encodes a protein or polypeptide, such as a protein or polypeptide for conferring herbicide tolérance or insect control. A “protein-coding sequence” or “polypeptide-coding sequence” means a DNA sequence that encodes a protein or polypeptide. A “sequence” means a sequential arrangement of nucléotides or amino acids. The boundaries of a protein-coding sequence or polypeptide-coding sequence are usually determined by a translation start codon at the 5'terminus and a translation stop codon at the 3'-terminus. A protein-coding molécule or polypeptide-coding molécule may comprise a DNA sequence encoding a protein or polypeptide sequence. As used herein, “transgene expression”, “expressing a transgene”, “protein expression”, “polypeptide expression”, “expressing a protein”, and “expressing a polypeptide” mean the production of a protein or polypeptide through the process of transcribing a DNA molécule into messenger RNA (mRNA) and translating the mRNA into polypeptide chains, which may be ultimately folded into proteins. A protein-coding DNA molécule or polypeptide-coding DNA molécule may be operably linked to a heterologous promoter in a DNA construct for use in expressing the protein or polypeptide in a cell transformed with the recombinant DNA molécule. As used herein, “operably linked” means two DNA molécules linked in manner so that one may affect the function of the other. Operably-linked DNA molécules may be part of a single contiguous molécule and may or may not be adjacent. For example, a promoter is operably linked with a protein-coding DNA molécule or polypeptide-coding DNA molécule in a DNA construct where the two DNA molécules are so arranged that the promoter may affect the expression of the transgene.

[0060J The recombinant DNA molécules of the invention include a DNA sequence encoding a DM0 operably linked to a CTP sequence. As used herein, “dicamba monooxygenase” or “DM0” means an oxygenase capable of enzymatically catalyzing the dégradation of dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid) to 3,6-dichlorosalicylic acid (3,6-DCSA), such as the dicamba monooxygenase encoded by the demethylase (dmo) gene from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Dicamba monooxygenases are known in the art and include the protein sequences provided as SEQ ID NOs:l8-27 and identified in Table 1.

[00611 The recombinant DNA molécules of the invention include a DNA sequence encoding a PPO operably linked to a CTP sequence. As used herein, “protoporphyrinogen oxidase” or

PPO ’ means an oxidase capable of enzymatically converting protoporphyrinogen IX to protoporphyrin IX. Protoporphyrinogen oxidases are known in the art and include the protein sequences provided as SEQ ID N0s:40-60 and identified in Table 2.

[0062] The recombinant DNA molécules of the invention include a DNA sequence encoding a CTP sequence operably linked to the protein-coding DNA molécules provided by the invention, whereby the CTP facilitâtes localizing the recombinant protein molecuie within the cell. CTPs are also known in the art as signal sequences, targeting sequences, targeting peptides, and localization sequences. Chloroplasts are also known in the art as plastids. By facilitating protein localization within the cell, the CTP ensures localization of a protein to the chloroplast for optimal enzyme activity and may increase the accumulation of recombinant protein and protect the protein from proteolytic dégradation. Upon translocation into the chloroplast, the CTP is typically cleaved from the protein, also referred to as processing. CTP processing may be complété (meaning that the complété CTP is cleaved from the amino-terminal end of the protein), incomplète (meaning that one or more amino acids of the CTP remain on amino-terminal end of the protein), or resuit in removal one or more amino acids from the amino-terminal end of the protein. Complété processing of the CTP from a DMO protein increases the level of protein accumulation, thereby increasing dicamba tolérance and reducing levels of injury in the transgenic cell, seed, or organism after herbicide application. CTPs are provided as SEQ ID NOs:l-6 and 38, and identified in Table 3. The DNA sequence encoding each CTP, optimized for expression in dicots and monocots, is provided as SEQ ID NOs:7-17 and 39.

[0063J Recombinant DNA molécules of this disclosure may be synthesized and modified by methods known in the art, either completely or in part, especially where it is désirable to provide sequences useful for DNA manipulation (such as restriction enzyme récognition sites or recombination-based cloning sites), plant-preferred sequences (such as plant-codon usage or Kozak consensus sequences), or sequences useful for DNA construct design (such as spacer or linker sequences). Recombinant DNA molécules of this disclosure include degenerated DNA sequences encoding the same amino acid sequence as a DNA sequence provided herein. Degenerated DNA sequences can be made using methods known in the art and the DNA codon table. This invention includes recombinant DNA molécules and proteins having at least 85% sequence identity, at least 90% sequence identity, at least 95% sequence identity, at least 96% sequence identity, at least 97% sequence identity, at least 98% sequence identity, and at least 99% sequence identity to any of the recombinant DNA molécule or polypeptide sequences provided herein. For example, a recombinant DNA molécule of the invention may comprise a DNA sequence having at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% sequence identity to a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:7-14 or to a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:28-37 and 61-102. A recombinant DNA molécule of the invention may encode a protein sequence having at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% sequence identity to a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:l-3; or to a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 18-27 and 40-59.

[0064] As used herein, the term “percent sequence identity” or “% sequence identity” refers to the percentage of identical nucléotides or amino acids in a linear polynucleotide or polypeptide sequence of a reference (“query”) sequence (or its complementary strand) as compared to a test (“subject”) sequence (or its complementary strand) when the two sequences are optimally atigned (with appropriate nucléotide or amino acid insertions, délétions, or gaps totaling less than 20 percent of the reference sequence over the window of comparison). Optimal alignment of sequences for aligning a comparison window are well known to those skilled in the art and may be conducted by tools such as the local homology algorithm of Smith and Waterman, the homology alignment algorithm of Needleman and Wunsch, the search for similarity method of Pearson and Lipman, and by computerized implémentations of these algorithms such as GAP, BESTFIT, FASTA, and TFASTA available as part of the Sequence Analysis software package of the GCG® Wisconsin Package® (Accelrys Inc., San Diego, CA), MEGAlign (DNAStar Inc., 1228 S. Park St„ Madison, WI 53715), and MUSCLE (version 3.6) (Edgar, Nucleic Acids Research 32(5):1792-7, 2004) with default parameters. An “identity fraction” for aligned segments of a test sequence and a reference sequence is the number of identical components which are shared by the two aligned sequences divided by the total number of components in the reference sequence segment, that is, the entire reference sequence or a smaller defined part of the reference sequence. Percent sequence identity is represented as the identity fraction multiplied by 100. The comparison of one or more sequences may be to a full-length sequence or a portion thereof, or to a longer sequence.

[0065] As used herein, a “DNA construct” is a recombinant DNA molécule comprising two or more heterologous DNA sequences. DNA constructs are usefol for transgene expression and may be comprised in vectors and plasmids. DNA constructs may be used in vectors for the purpose of transformation, that is the introduction of heterologous DNA into a host cell, in order to produce transgenic plants and cells, and as such may also be contained in the plastid DNA or genomic DNA of a transgenic plant, seed, cell, or plant part. As used herein, a “vector” means any recombinant DNA molécule that may be used for the purpose of plant transformation. Recombinant DNA molécules as set forth in the sequence listing, can, for example, be inserted into a vector as part of a construct having the recombinant DNA molécule operably linked to a gene expression element that fonctions in a plant to affect expression of the protein encoded by the recombinant DNA molécule. Methods for constructing DNA constructs and vectors are well known in the art. The components for a DNA construct, or a vector comprising a DNA construct, generally include one or more gene expression éléments operably linked to a transcribable DNA sequence, such as the following: a promoter for the expression of an operably linked DNA, an operably linked protein-coding DNA molécule, and a 3’ untranslated région. Gene expression éléments usefol in practicing the invention include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following type of éléments: promoter, 5’ untranslated région, enhancer, leader, cis-acting element, intron, 3’ untranslated région, and one or more selectable marker transgenes.

[0066] The DNA constructs of the invention may include a promoter operably linked to a protein-coding DNA molécule provided by the invention, whereby the promoter drives expression ofthe recombinant protein molécule. Promoters usefol in practicing the invention include those that fonction in a cell for expression of an operably linked polynucleotide, such as a bacterial or plant promoter. Plant promoters are varied and well known in the art and include those that are inducible, viral, synthetic, constitutive, temporally regulated, spatially regulated, and/or spatio-temporally regulated.

[0067] As used herein, “négative control” and “positive control” mean an experimental control designed for comparison purposes. For example, a négative control or positive control in a transgenic plant analysis may be a plant of the same type as the experimental plant (that its, the plant to be tested) but does not contain the transgenic insert, recombinant DNA molécule, or DNA construct of the experimental plant. An example of a plant usefol for comparison with transgenic maize plants is non-transgenic LH244 maize (U.S. Patent No. 6,252,148), or non-transgenic 01DKLD2 maize (U.S. Patent No. 7,166,779), for comparison with transgenic soybean plants is non-transgenic A3555 soybean (U.S. Patent No. 7,700,846), or non-transgenic A3 244 soybean (U.S. Patent No. 5,659,114, P VP 9600246), for comparison with transgenic canola or Brassica napus plants is non-transgenic Brassica napus variety 65037 Restorer line, for comparison with transgenic wheat plants is non-transgenic wheat variety Samson germplasm (PVP 1994), and for comparison with transgenic cotton plants is non-transgenic DP393 (U.S. Patent No. 6,930,228 PVP 200400266).

Transgenic Plants

[0068] An aspect of the invention includes transgenic plant cells, transgenic plant tissues, transgenic plants, and transgenic seeds that comprise the recombinant DNA molécules provided by the invention. These cells, tissues, plants, and seeds comprising the recombinant DNA molécules exhibit tolérance to herbicides.

[0069] Inserting transgenic DNA (known as a “transgene”) into the genome of a plant may be accomplished by the act of plant transformation and results in the création of a new transgenic genomic molecular sequence, known as an “event”. Each event is unique and the DNA sequence of the event is spécifie for the event. Suitable methods for transformation of host plant cells for use with the current invention include virtually any method by which DNA can be introduced into a cell (for example, where a recombinant DNA construct is stably integrated into a plant chromosome) and are well known in the art. A recombinant DNA construct înserted into Exemplary methods for introducing a recombinant DNA construct into plants include the Agrobacterium transformation system and DNA particlebombardment, both of which are well known to those of skill in the art. Another exemplary method for introducing a recombinant DNA construct into plants is insertion of a recombinant DNA construct into a plant genome at a pre-determined site by methods of sitedirected intégration. Site-directed intégration may be accomplished by any method known in the art, for example, by use of zinc-finger nucleases, engineered or native meganucleases, TALE-endonucleases, or an RNA-guided endonuclease (for example a CRISPR/Cas9 system). Transgenic plants then can be regenerated from a transformed plant cell by the methods of plant cell culture. A transgenic plant homozygous with respect to a transgene (that is, two allelic copies of the transgene) can be obtained by self-pollinating (selfing) a transgenic plant that contains a single transgene allele with itself, for example an R0 plant, to produce RI seed. One fourth of the RI seed produced will be homozygous with respect to the transgene. Plants grown from germinating RI seed can be tested for zygosity, typically using a SNP assay, DNA sequencing, or a thermal amplification assay that allows for the distinction between hétérozygotes and homozygotes, referred to as a zygosity assay.

[0070] Plants, seeds, plant parts, plant tissues, and cells provided by the invention may exhibit herbicide tolérance to dicamba. Dicamba may be applied to a plant growth area comprising the plants and seeds provided by the invention as a method for controlling weeds, including preventing weed growth. Plants and seeds provided by the invention comprise an herbicide tolérance trait and as such are tolérant to the application of dicamba. The herbicide application may be the recommended commercial rate (IX) or any fraction or multiple thereof, such as twice the recommended commercial rate (2X). Dicamba application rates may be expressed as acid équivalent per pound per acre (Ib ae/acre) or acid équivalent per gram per hectare (g ae/ha). The plant growth area may or may not comprise weed plants at the time of herbicide application. An herbicidally effective dose of dicamba for use in an area for controlling weeds should consist of a range from about 0.1X to about 30X label rate(s) over a growing season. The IX label rate for dicamba is 0.5 Ib ae/acre. Herbicide rates can be converted between English and metric as: (Ib ai/ac)*l.!2 = (kg aî/ha) and (kg ai/ha)*0.89 = (Ib aî/ac).

[0071] Plants, seed, plant parts, plant tissues, and cells may exhibit tolérance to one or more PPO inhibitors, referred to as PPO herbicides. One or more PPO herbicides may be applied to a plant growth area comprising the plants and seeds provided by the invention as a method for controlling weeds, including preventing weed growth. Plants and seeds provided by the invention comprise an herbicide tolérance trait and as such are tolérant to the application of one or more PPO herbicides. The herbicide application may be the recommended commercial rate (IX) or any fraction or multiple thereof, such as twice the recommended commercial rate (2X). The plant growth area may or may not comprise weed plants at the time of herbicide application. An herbicidally effective dose of a PPO herbicide for use in an area for controlling weeds should consist of a range from about 0. IX to about 30X label rate(s) over a growing season. PPO herbicides are well-known in the art and commercially available. Examples of PPO herbicides include, but are not lîmited to, diphenylethers (such as acifluorfen, its salts and esters, aclonifen, bifenox, its salts and esters, ethoxyfen, its salts and esters, fluoronitrofen, furyloxyfen, halosafen, chlomethoxyfen, fluoroglycofen, its salts and esters, lactofen, its salts and esters, oxyfluorfen, and fomesafen, its salts and esters); thiadiazoles (such as fluthiacet-methyl and thidiazimin); pyrimidinediones or phenyluracils (such as benzfendizone, butafenacil, ethyl [3-2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-(l-methyl-6trifluoromethyl-2,4-dioxo-l,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-3-yl)phenoxy]-2-pyridyloxy]acetate (CAS Registry Number 353292-31-6 and referred to herein as S-3100), flupropacil, saflufenacil, and tiafenacil); phenylpyrazoles (such as fluazolate, pyraflufen and pyraflufen ethyl); oxadiazoles (such as oxadiargyl and oxadiazon); triazolinones (such as azafenidin, bencarbazone, carfentrazone, its salts and esters, and sulfentrazone); oxazolidinediones (such as pentoxazone); N-phenylphthalimides (such as cinidon-ethyl, flumiclorac, flumicloracpentyl, and flumioxazin); benzoxazinone dérivatives (such as l,5-dimcthyl-6-thioxo-3-(2,2,7trif/uoro-3,4-dihydro-3-oxo-4-prop-2-ynyl-277-l,4-benzoxazin-6-yl)-l,3,5-triazinane-2,4dione); flufenpyr and flufenpyr-ethyl; pyraclonil; and profluazol.

[0072] Herbicide applications may be sequentially or tank mixed with one, two, or a combination of several herbicides or any other compatible herbicide. Multiple applications of one herbicide or of two or more herbicides, in combination or alone, may be used over a growing season to areas comprising transgenic plants of the invention for the control of a broad spectrum of dicot weeds, monocot weeds, or both, for example, two applications (such as a pre-planting application and a post-emergence application or a pre-emergence application and a post-emergence application) or three applications (such as a pre-planting application, a pre-emergence application, and a post-emergence application or a preemergence application and two post-emergence applications).

[0073] As used herein, “tolérance” or “herbicide tolérance” means the ability of a plant, seed, or cell to resist the toxic effects of an herbicide when applied. The herbicide tolérance of a plant, seed, plant tissue, plant part, or cell may be measured by comparing the plant, seed, plant tissue, plant part, or cell to a suitable experimental control. For example, the herbicide tolérance may be measured or assessed by applying an herbicide to a plant comprising a recombinant DNA molécule encoding a protein capable of conferring herbicide tolérance (the test plant) and a plant of the same species not comprising the recombinant DNA molécule encoding the protein capable of conferring herbicide tolérance (the négative control plant) and then comparing the plant injury of the two plants, where herbicide tolérance of the test plant is indicated by a decreased injury rate as compared to the injury rate of the négative control plant. An herbicide tolérant plant, seed, plant tissue, plant part, or cells exhibits a decreased response to the toxic effects of an herbicide when compared to a négative control plant, seed, plant tissue, plant part, or cell. As used herein, an “herbicide tolérance trait” is a transgenic trait imparting improved herbicide tolérance to a plant as compared to a négative control plant.

[0074] The transgenic plants, progeny, seeds, plant cells, and plant parts of the invention may also contain one or more additional transgenic traits. Additional transgenic traits may be introduced by Crossing a plant containing a transgene comprising the recombinant DNA molécules provided by the invention with another plant containing an additional transgenic trait(s). As used herein, “Crossing” means breeding two individual plants to produce a progeny plant. Two transgenic plants may thus be crossed to produce progeny that contain the transgenic traits. As used herein “progeny” means the offspring of any génération of a parent plant, and transgenic progeny comprise a DNA construct provided by the invention and inherited from at least one parent plant. Alternatively, additional transgenic trait(s) may be introduced by co-transforming a DNA construct for that additional transgenic trait(s) with a DNA construct comprising the recombinant DNA molécules provided by the invention (for example, with ail the DNA constructs present as part of the same vector used for plant transformation) or by inserting the additional trait(s) into a transgenic plant comprising a DNA construct provided by the invention or vice versa (for example, by using any of the methods of plant transformation on a transgenic plant or plant cell). Such additional transgenic traits include, but are not limited to, increased insect résistance, increased water use efficiency, increased yield performance, increased drought résistance, increased seed quality, improved nutritional quality, hybrid seed production, and herbicide tolérance, în which the trait is measured with respect to a wild-type plant. Such additional transgenic traits are known to one of skill in the art; for example, a list of such traits is provided the United States Department of Agriculture^ (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS).

[0075] Transgenic plants and progeny that contain a transgenic trait provided by the invention may be used with any breeding methods that are commonly known in the art. In plant lines comprising two or more transgenic traits, the transgenic traits may be independently segregating, linked, or a combination of both in plant lines comprising three or more transgenic traits. Back-crossing to a parental plant and out-crossing with a nontransgenic plant are also contemplated, as is végétative propagation. Descriptions of breeding methods that are commonly used for different traits and crops are well known to those of skill in the art. To confirm the presence of the transgene(s) in a particular plant or seed, a variety of assays may be performed. Such assays include, for example, molecular biology assays, such as Southern and northem blotting, PCR, and DNA sequencing; biochemical assays, such as detecting the presence of a protein product, for example, by immunological means (ELISAs and Western blots) or by enzymatic function; plant part assays, such as leaf or root assays; and also, by analyzing the phenotype of the whole plant. To analyze CTP processing in a particular transgenic plant or seed, assays such as Edman dégradation sequencing or mass spectrometry analysis may be performed on the recombinant DMO or PPO protein obtained from the transgenic cell, plant, or seed and the resulting sequence data compared to that of the DMO or PPO protein, respectively.

[0076] Introgression of a transgenic trait into a plant génotype is achieved as the resuit ofthe process of backcross conversion. A plant génotype into which a transgenic trait has been introgressed may be referred to as a backcross converted génotype, line, inbred, or hybrid. Similarly a plant génotype lacking the desired transgenic trait may be referred to as an unconverted génotype, line, inbred, or hybrid.

[0077] As used herein, the term “comprising” means “including but not limited to”.

EXAMPLES (0078] The following examples are included to demonstrate embodiments ofthe invention. It should be appreciated by those of skill in the art that, in light of the présent disclosure, many changes can be made in the spécifie embodiments that are provided and still obtain a like or similar resuit without departing from the scope and concept scope of the invention. More specifically, it will be apparent that certain agents that are chemically or physiologically related may be substituted for the agents described herein with the same or similar resuit achieved. Ail such similar substitutes and modifications apparent to those skilled in the art are deemed to be within the scope and concept of the invention.

Example 1: CTP-DMO expression and localization in soybean protoplasts

[0079] A soybean protoplast assay was used to assess the relative chloroplast targeting efficiency of recombinant protein comprising one of five CTPs operably linked to a DMO sequence (SEQ ID NO;27). To monitor cytosol and chloroplast distribution of the recombinant protein, a sequence encoding a green fluorescent protein was added to the cassette encoding the recombinant CTP and DMO combination (referred to herein as CTPDMO) such that the green fluorescent protein was fused to the carboxy-terminal end of the DMO.

[0080] Protoplasts were prepared from bean cotylédon (germplasm A3244). Immature soybean seed pods were harvested and the seeds (4-6 mm long) were removed using stérile technique. The cotylédon from each seed was manually removed, sliced transversely into 1 mm pièces, and incubated in CPW buffer (pH 5.8) with 0.7 M mannitol for I hour at 24-26°C in the dark while shaking at 40 RPM. The buffer was then removed and replaced with enzyme buffer (4% Cellulase ‘onozuka’ R-10; 2% Hemicellulase; 0.3% Macerozyme R-10; in CPW buffer (pH 5.8; with 0.49 M mannitol). The cotylédon tissue was incubated on a rotary shaker at 50 rpm at 24-26°C for 2 hours. Soybean protoplasts were released from the cotylédon tissue at the end of this incubation by swirling the plate manually and filtering the suspension through a double layer of 60 um nylon mesh into a 50 mL conical tube. The protoplasts were gently washed once with resuspension and centrifugation. The final pellet was resuspended in buffer (4 mM MES, pH 5.7; 150 mM NaCl; 5 mM CaCl2; 0.5 M Mannitol) and rested for l hour on ice. The protoplasts were then centrifuged and the pellet was resuspended in transformation buffer (0.4 M Mannitol; 15 mM MgCl2; 4 mM MES, pH 5.7). The volume was adjusted to allow l x 10,000,000 protoplasts/ml. Transformation was accomplished by mixing 12.5 gg DNA for each construct. The DNA was gently combined with 1.5 x 1,000,000 protoplasts, followed by addition of an equal volume of PEG buffer, This was incubated for 5 minutes then slowly diluted with 300 μΐ of W5 buffer (154 mM NaCl; 125 mM CaCL; 5 mM KC1; 2 mM MES, pH 5.7). This was incubated 5-10 minutes and then 900 μΐ of W5 buffer was slowly added. The protoplasts were pelleted and resuspended in WI buffer (0.5 M Mannitol; 4 mM MES (pH 5.7); 20 mM KOI) and incubated at 24-26°C in the dark. Microscopy analysis was performed using a Zeiss LSM510 META Laser Scanning Microscope (Cari Zeiss Microlmaging, Inc., Thomwood, NY) equipped with a Krypton-Argon Ion (458, 488 nm) laser, a green (543 nm) Helîum-Neon laser, and FITC and Texas red filter sets. Image acquisition and analysis was performed using ZEN 2012 v.8.1 (Cari Zeiss Microlmaging, Inc., Thomwood, NY) and a 40X water 1.2 numerical aperture objective. Excitation wavelengths used were 488 nm (GFP) and 543 nm (chloroplast auto-fluorescence), and émission filters were 500-530 nm (GFP) and 630-700 nm (chloroplast auto-fluorescence). For each construct, at least 50 individual cells were scored for localization of the construct: cytosol, plastid, or both cytosol and plastid. Results were recorded as the percentage of cells having protein localized in the cytosol or plastid (or both) of the total number of cells analyzed and are provided in Table 4.

Table 4. Soybean protoplast targeting assay

CTP	Total cells scored	Cytosol	Cytosol and plastid	Plastid
APG6 (SEQ ID NO:1)	58	0	0	100%
At.CR88 (SEQ ID NO:3)	53	0	6%	94%
A	53	0	21%	79%
B	54	0	91%	9%
C	56	0	82%	18%
none	55	100%	0	0

[0081] Of the five CTP-DMO combinations analyzed, only the APG6 CTP (SEQ ID NO:1) resuited in 100% of the cells showing localization of the protein solely to the plastid. The At.CR88 CTP (SEQ ID NO:3) resuited in 94% of the cells showing localization of the protein solely to the plastid and 6% of the cells showing localization of the protein to cytosol and plastid. The ‘A’ CTP resuited in 79% of the cells showing localization of the protein solely to plastids and 21% of the cells showing localization to cytosol and plastid. The ‘B’ CTP resuited in 9% of the cells showing localization of the protein solely to plastid and 91 % of the cells showing localization to plastids and cytosol. The ‘C’ CTP resuited in 18% ofthe cells showing localization of the protein solely to plastid and 82% of the cells showing localization to plastids and cytosol. Without a CTP, the protein was présent only in the cytosol. These results indicate that the APG6 CTP was 100% efficient for targeting the CTP-DMO to plastids and the At.CR88 CTP was 94% efficient for targeting the CTP-DMO to plastids.

Example 2: CTP-DMO processing in transgenic wheat

[0082] Transgenic wheat plants transformed with a DNA construct comprising a recombinant DNA molécule encoding one of four separate CTPs operably linked to DMO were used to assess protein expression and to determine CTP processing.

[0083] Transgenic wheat plants were produced using four different plant transformation vectors each comprising a DNA construct containing one of four different CTPs operably linked to DMO operably linked to a promoter. Pre-cultured immature embryos from wheat of Samson germplasm (PVP 1994) were transformed using Agrobacterium tumefaciens to produce transgenic plantlets using methods known to those of skill in the art. Leaf samples were taken for molecular analysis to confirm the transgene copy number in the genome of each unique event, and RO plants with one copy of the transgene were selfed and RI seed collected.

[0084] The seed (50g) was ground to a powder, which was then added to 250 ml extraction buffer (IxTBE (89 mM Tris-borate, 2 mM EDTA, pH 8.4), 200 mM NaCl, 10% glycerin, 1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), 5 mM benzamidin, 2 mM dithiothreitol (DÎT), cOmplete™ protease inhibitors (Roche Diagnostics Corporation, Indianopolis, IN)), and homogenized with a Polytron® (VWR, Radnor, PA) for about 20 seconds, then incubated with shaking at 4°C for 1 to 2 hours. The mixture was centrifuged at 4°C for 25 min at 9,000 rpm and the supernatant was precipitated sequentialiy with 10% and 55% saturated ammonium sulfate (AS), with each précipitation step centrifuged at 18,000 rpm for 20 minutes. The pellet from the 10% AS précipitation was discarded.

[0085] The pellet from the 10-55% fraction was dissolved in 30 ml of PBS (0.1 M sodium phosphate, 0.15 M NaCl) with 1 tablet of the cOmplete™ protease inhibitors. The dissolved pellet was centrifuged and the supernatant was filtered through a 0.22 um membrane. A goat polyclonal antibody sera agaînst DMO was mixed with a 1:1 suspension of Pierce™ protein A/G agarose resin (ThermoFischer Scientific, Grand Island, NY), after 1.5 hours the antiDMO Ab loaded protein A/G agarose resin was washed 3 times with PBS and added to about 30 ml of the 10% - 55% AS filtered fraction. After incubation, the resin was spun and washed 3 times with PBS, then resuspended in 1 ml PBS and transferred to a microcentrifuge tube and pelleted again.

[0086] The final pellet was resuspended in 2X Laemmli buffer, boiled for 5 minutes, and the samples run on a 10% SDS-PAGE gel in Tris-glycine buffer at 185 V (constant). The proteins in the SDS-PAGE gel were transferred to PVDF membrane using CAPS transfer buffer, for 30 min at 4°C and 100V. The PDVF membrane bound proteins were stained with Coomassie blue for approximately 30 seconds and the band corresponding to each of the DMO proteins in the 10% - 55% AS fraction was excised from the PVDF blot and used for amino-terminal protein sequence analysis. Amino-terminal protein sequencing was carried out by automated Edman dégradation chemistry, with each analysis performed for 15 cycles using automated Edman dégradation chemistry. An Applied Biosystems 494 Procise® Sequencing System with 140C Microgradient pump and Perkin Elmer Sériés 200 UV/Vis Detector was used for the analysis with controlled with Procise Control (version 2.1) software (ThermoFischer Scientific, Grand Island, NY). Chromatographie data were collected using SequencePro® (version 2.1) protein sequencing analysis software. Identity was established for each protein if at least 8 amino acids consistent with the predicted sequence of the expected protein were observed. The results of the amino-terminal sequencing are presented in Table 5.

Table 5. Amino-terminal sequencing of recombinant protein

Events tested	CTP	DMO	CTP-DMO processing
2	APG6 (SEQ ID NO:1)	DMO (SEQ ID NO:18)	DMO+l
3	At.CR88 (SEQ ID NO:3)	DMO (SEQ ID NO:18)	DMO and DMO+l
1	CTP4 (SEQ ID NO:4)	DMO (SEQ ID NO:19)	DMO+12
2	Os.Waxy (SEQ ID NO:6)	DMO (SEQ ID NO:18)	DMO+10 and ΏΜΟΙ

[0087] The désignations of DMO, DMO+l, DMO+IO, and DMO+12 were used to indicate that protein sequencing indicated that there were 0, l, 10, or 12 amino acids of the CTP remaining on the amino-terminal end of the DMO after processing, respectively. The désignation of DMO-l was used to indicate that the first méthionine of the DMO was removed after processing. Two unique events were tested for the APG6 CTP (SEQ ID NO: l ) operably linked to DMO (SEQ ID NO:l8). Both samples showed one amino acid of the CTP remaining on the amino-terminal end of the DMO after processing (DMO+l). Three unique events were tested for the At.CR88 CTP (SEQ ID NO:3) operably linked to DMO (SEQ ID NO:l8). Ail three samples showed either zéro or one amino acid of the CTP remaining on the amino-terminal end of the DMO after processing (DMO and DMO+l). The event tested from CTP4 (SEQ ID NO:4) operably linked to DMO (SEQ ID NO:l9) showed twelve amino acids of the CTP remaining on the amino-terminal end of the DMO after processing (DMO+l2). Two unique events were tested for the Os.Waxy CTP (SEQ ID NO:6) operably linked to DMO (SEQ ID NO:l8). One sample showed ten amino acids ofthe CTP remaining on the amino-terminal end of the DMO after processing (DMO+l0) and one showed the first méthionine of the DMO was removed after processing (DMO-l). These results indicate that the APG6 CTP and the At.CR.88 CTP are efficiently processed from the DMO when expressed in transgenic plants.

Example 3: CTP-DMO expression in transgenic Brassica napus

[0088] The ability of DNA constructs comprising a recombinant DNA molécule encoding one of three separate CTPs operably linked to DMO to provide dicamba tolérance was assessed with transgenic Brassica napus plants.

[0089] Transgenic Brassica napus plants were produced using three different plant transformation vectors each comprising a DNA construct containing one of three different CTPs operably linked to DMO operably linked to a promoter. Brassica napus variety 65037 Restorer line was used for ^gro/v/ctortozn-rnediated transformation and R0 plants were grown in the greenhouse. Unique events were screened for the copy number of the transgene.

R0 plants with one copy of the transgene were selfed and Rl seed collected.

[0090] Dicamba tolérance was assessed using R0 plants with one copy of transgene with vector backbone or two copies of transgene. Dicamba tolérance was designated as dicamba injury of 20% or less under greenhouse conditions. R0 events in pots were divided into three groups and dicamba (Clarity®) was applied at one of three rates: (1) no dicamba, (2) 1 1b 15 ae/acre dicamba (2X rate), or (3) 2 1b ae/acre dicamba (4X rate). Transgenic plants were sprayed and injury ratings were recorded 21 days later. Plants containing the “A” CTP operably linked to DMO (SEQ ID NO:21) showed no events tolérant to dicamba. Plants containing the RbcS CTP (SEQ ID NO:5) operably linked to DMO (SEQ ID NO:2I) showed 8 of 9 events having tolérance to the 2X rate of dicamba and 7 of 7 events having tolérance to 20 the 4X rate of dicamba. Plants containing the APG6 CTP (SEQ ID NO:1) operably linked to

DMO (SEQ ID NO:20) showed 7 of 14 events having tolérance to the 2X rate of dicamba and 6 of 18 events having tolerance to the 4X rate of dicamba. Results are provided in Table 6.

Table 6. Dicamba tolerance in R0 Brassica napus

CTP	DMO	2X Tolérant events	4X Tolérant events
APG6 (SEQ ID NO:I)	SEQ ID NO:20	7/14	6/18
RbcS (SEQ ID NO:5)	SEQ ID NO:21	8/9	7/7
A (Construct 7)	SEQ ID NO:21	0	0

[00911 Dicamba tolerance was assessed on R0 plants with a one copy ofthe transgene. Plants were sprayed in the greenhouse with dicamba (Clarity) at l 1b ae/acre (2X rate), and dicamba tolerance was determined 14 to 21 days later. Plants containing the APG6 CTP operably

Imked to DM0 (SEQ ID NO:20) showed 13 events of 31 having tolérance to dicamba. Plants containing the RbcS CTP operably linked to DM0 (SEQ ID NO:2l) showed 13 events of 17 having tolérance to dicamba. Plants containing the “A” CTP operably linked to DM0 (SEQ ID NO:2l) showed 7 events of 18 having tolérance to dicamba. Results are provided in Table 7.

Table 7. Dicamba tolérance in RO Brassica napus

CTP	DMO	2X Tolérant events
APG6 (SEQ ID NO:1)	SEQ ID NO:20	13/31
RbcS (SEQ ID NO:5)	SEQ ID NO:21	13/17
A (Construct 7)	SEQ ID NO:21	7/18

[0092] Ten seeds from each of 28 RI plants containing the APG6 CTP operably linked to DM0 (SEQ ID NO:20) (APG6+DM0) and ten seeds from each of 17 RI plants containing RbcS CTP operably linked to DM0 (SEQ ID NO:2l) (RbcS+DMO) were grown in a greenhouse. Plants were sprayed with 2 Ib ae/acre dicamba (4X) on the day of planting, followed by l Ib ae/acre dicamba (2X) dicamba at V3 stage, and l Ib ae/acre dicamba (2X) dicamba at first flower (defined as >90% of plants having bolted and about 25% having at least one open flower). Injury ratings were taken seven days after each spray and expressed as percent injury compared to sprayed Controls. For plants containing APG6+DM0, there were 9 progeny total from 2 events with dicamba injury ratings of < 20% at each ofthe three rating periods. For plants containing RbcS+DMO, there were 77 plants across 16 events with dicamba tolérance of less than 20% at each of the three rating periods.

[0093] Protein characterization was done using leaves harvested from the RO events. Leaf tissue was ground in liquid nitrogen and extracted with two volumes of 2X Laemmli buffer (BîoRad, Hercules, CA) containing 10% 2-mercaptoethanol and 5 mM DTT. The samples were boiled and 10 μΐ loaded onto a 4-20% Criterion™ pre-cast gel (BioRad, Hercules, CA) and run in Tris/glycine/SDS buffer at 250V for 45 minutes. The protein in the gel was transferred to PVDF membrane at 400 mA for 30 minutes in Tris/glycine buffer containing 20% methanol. The DMO protein was detected using polyclonal rabbit anti-DMO antisera and an HRP-conjugated anti-rabbit secondary antibody. Signal was detected using the SuperSignal™ West Pico Chemiluminescent kit (ThermoFischer Scientific, Grand Island, NY). There was a single band of approximately 38 kDa, which is the expected size for a completely processed DMO protein, for each of three events containing APG6-DMO. There were two bands of approximately 38 kDa and approximately 41 kDa for each of six events containing RbcS-DMO. The 41 kDa band is consistent with DMO+27 and has been reported in soybean containing RbcS-DMO previously (U.S. Patent No. 7,838,729). There was a very low expression of the DMO protein in ail events containing the “A” CTP-DMO, and signal detected after a long exposure were a band of approximately 50 kDa and a band of approximately 39 kDa. The 50 kDa band is approximates the expected size of a nonprocessed “A” CTP-DMO. These results indicate that APG6-DMO produced a single band of the expected size consistent with a fully processed DMO.

[0094] Recombinant protein was purified from leaf tissue of R0 plants containing APG6DMO or RbcS-DMO. Amino-terminal sequence analysis was performed using Edman dégradation chemistry as described. Amino-terminal sequence analysis confirmed the presence DMO amino-terminal sequences of DMO+27 and DMO-l présent in plants containing RbcS-DMO, consistent with the size of the DMO bands seen on the Western blot. Amino-terminal sequence analysis confirmed the presence of only DMO amino-terminal sequence DMO+l in plants containing APG6-DMO, consistent with the size of the DMO bands seen on the Western blot. This resuit confirms that the use of the APG6 CTP results in complété processing of an operably linked DMO in plants.

Example 4: CTP-DMO expression in transgenic maize

[0095] The expression of DNA constructs comprising a recombinant DNA molécule encoding one of two separate CTPs operably linked to DMO was analyzed in transgenic maize cells and plants.

[0096J Maize mesophyll protoplast transient transformation was used to assess relative DMO expression of two CTP-DMO combinations. The DNA constructs were identical except that the CTP operably linked to the DMO (SEQ ID NO:l8) was either APG6 (SEQ ID NO:l) or CTP4 (SEQ ID NO:4). Protoplasts were prepared essentially as described in Example l. After transformation the cells were harvested and DMO protein levels were determined with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Protein from four transformed protoplast samples were measured for each CTP-DMO combination as nanogram (ng) DMO per miiligram (mg) total protein. Protoplasts transformed with APG6-DMO had approximately 4fold higher levels of DMO compared to the protoplasts transformed with CTP4-DMO. Data are provided in Table 8.

[0097| Transgenic maize plants were generated using the DNA constructs, and R0 plants were grown. Leaf samples were collected from R0 plants representing eight unique single copy events and use for quantitative ELISA to measure DMO levels. The DMO expression in RO leaf tissue was approximately 4-fold higher for events containing APG6-DMO compared to events containing CTP4-DMO. Data are provided in Table 8.

[0098] Amino-terminal sequencing was performed for DMO expressed in transgenic maize plants. Protein was purified from transgenic maize plants expressing CTP4-DMO or APG6DMO and prepared for Edman dégradation sequencing essentially as described in Example 2. Amino-terminal sequence analysis confirmed DMO amino-terminal sequences of DMO+6, DMO+7, and DMO+12 present in plants containing CTP4-DMO. Amino-terminal sequence analysis confirmed DMO amino-terminal sequences of DMO and DMO+1 in plants containing APG6-DMO. These results indicate that the processing of the CTP is more complété with APG6 compared to CTP4, as evidenced by fewer CTP amino acids remaining at the amino-terminal end of the DMO. Data are provided in Table 8.

Table 8. DMO protein expression in maize

CTP	Protoplast DMO levels (ng/mg) (SD)	R0 plant DMO levels(ngZmg) (SD)	CTP-DMO Processing
APG6 (SEQ ID NO:1)	12.44 (1.91)	5.44 (0.82)	DMO and DMO+1
CTP4 (SEQ ID NO:4)	3.10 (0.64)	1.19 (0.55)	DMO+12, DMO+7, and DMO+6

[0099] Transgenic maize was generated by Agrobacterium mediated transformation using methods known to those of skill in the art with a DNA construct containing a recombinant DNA molécule encoding either APG6-DMO or CTP4-DMO. Dicamba tolérance was evaluated in a field trial for the transgenic Fl hybrid plants. The field trial included four treatments at two locations with two réplications each. The four treatments were: (1) dicamba (Clarity®) applied at 2 Ibs ae/acre (4X) at V2 followed by V4 followed by V8; (2) dicamba applied at 4 Ibs at/acre (8X) at V2 followed by V4 followed by V8; (3) dicamba applied at 8 Ibs at/acre (16X) at V2 followed by V4 followed by V8; and (4) dicamba applied at 16 Ibs at/acre (32X) at V2 followed by V4 followed by V8. Crop injury was rated ten days after treatment and measured as crop injury percent per V-stage (CIPV2, CIPV4, or CIPV8). At the end of the season, grain was harvested and yield measured as bushels/acre. For both CIPV ratings and yield the least significant différence (LSD) at probability of 5% (p=0.05) was calculated. The highest dicamba rates (16X and 32X) applied to Fl hybrid plants containing APG6-DM0 showed slîghtly less végétative injury and higher grain yield than plants containing CTP4-DMO. Data are provided in Table 9.

Table 9. Fl hybrid field trial testing of dicamba injury and yield

Dicamba	CTP-DMO	CIPV2 (LSD=0.05)	CIPV4 (LSD=0.05)	CIPV8 (LSD=0.05)	Yield bu/ac (LSD=0.05)
2 Ibs	CTP4-DMO	0.75 (4.7)	0.75 (7.1)	4.25 (4.6)	239.13 (21.17)
APG6-DMO	0.75 (4.7)	2 (7.1)	3 (4.6)	231.99 (21.17)
Négative Control	40.63 (4.7)	45 (7.1)	49.38 (4.6)	58.25 (21.17)
4 Ibs	CTP4-DMO	2 (5.4)	1.25 (6.6)	7.5 (5.3)	232.87 (17.Π)
APG6-DMO	1.5 (5.4)	2 (6.6)	7.5 (5.3)	230.44 (17.11)
Négative Control	46.875 (5.4)	65 (6.6)	80 (5.3)	5.69 (17.11)
8 Ibs	CTP4-DMO	2.5 (8.4)	4 (5.3)	15 (6.7)	206.63 (28.15)
APG6-DMO	1.5 (8.4)	4 (5.3)	11.25 (6.7)	242.37 (28.15)
Négative Control	73.125 (8.4)	81.25 (5.3)	87.375 (6.7)	3.51 (28.15)
16 Ibs	CTP4-DMO	6.25 (4.8)	8.75 (3.1)	16.25 (0)	199.8 (18.35)
APG6-DMO	2 (4.8)	5.75(3.1)	17.5 (0)	212.34 (18.35)
Négative Control	82.5 (4.8)	90.625 (3.1)	99.5 (0)	5.03(18.35)

Example 5: CTP-DMO expression in transgenic cotton and soybean {00100] The APG6 CTP was optimized to enhance protein translation efficacy (protein synthesis) and increase protein accumulation. Optimized APG6 CTP (SEQ ID NO:2) has an amino acid change from threonine (T) to serine (S) at positions 3 and 4 of the APG6 CTP 10 (SEQ ID NO: 1). DNA constructs were made to compare the two CTPs, each operably linked to DMO in soybean.

[00101] Transgenic soybean plants were generated with two DNA constructs that were identical except for the APG6 CTP. The first DNA construct had APG6 (SEQ ID NO:l) operably linked to DM0 (SEQ ID NO:l8). The second DNA construct had the optimized APG6 (SEQ ID NO:2) operably linked to DM0 (SEQ ID NO:l8). Each DNA construct was used to transform A3555 soybean by Agrobacterium mediated transformation methods. Following transformation, RO transgenic plants containing a single copy of the transgene were identified by PCR assay. Single-copy RO plants were grown in greenhouse, and RI seed was harvested. Ten RI seeds per event for 4 events generated using each ofthe two DNA constructs and AG3555 seed was planted for évaluation of crop tolérance to post-emergence dicamba treatment under standard greenhouse growth conditions. Dicamba (Clarity) was applied at the V4 stage at 1120 g ai/ha. Crop injury ratings were taken 10 days after the treatment. Leaf samples from dicamba tolérant soybean plants were taken for recombinant protein level measurements and amino-terminal sequence analysis. The DMO protein level was detected by ELISA to be 13.35 ± 2.7 ng/mg for the single-copy dicamba tolérant RI transgenic soybean plants with the APG6 CTP (SEQ ID NO:l) operably linked to DMO (SEQ ID NO:l8). The DMO protein level was detected by ELISA to be 18.55 ± 3.1 ng/mg for the single-copy dicamba tolérant RI transgenic soybean plants with the optimized APG6 CTP (SEQ ID NO:2). No DMO protein was detected in the négative control A3555 soybean leaf tissue. The dicamba injury rating for the single-copy RI transgenic soybean plants with the APG6 CTP (SEQ ID NO:l) operably linked to DMO (SEQ ID NO:l8) was 3.6%. The dicamba injury rating for the single-copy RI transgenic soybean plants with the optimized APG6 CTP (SEQ ID NO:2) operably linked to DMO (SEQ ID NO:l8) was 2.7%. The négative control A3555 soybean had a dicamba injury rating of 99.8%. The leaf samples from the single-copy dicamba tolérant RI transgenic soybean plants was used for amino-terminal sequencing (as described in Examples 2 and 4). Amino-terminal sequence analysis confirmed that the processing of APG6-DMO and optimized APG6-DM0 resulted in full processing of the CTP from the amino-terminus of the DMO protein. The DMO levels, dicamba injury, and APG6-DMO processing indicated that both the APG6 and optimized APG6 when operably linked to DMO provide tolérance to dicamba and both CTPs are processed fully in plants. Data are provided in Table 10.

Table 10. RI Soybean greenhouse testing

CTP	Leaf DMO levels (ng/mg)	Dicamba Injury, V4 stage	APG6-DMO processing
APG6 SEQ ID NO:1	13.35 ± 2.7	3.6%	DMO
Optimized APG6 SEQ ID NO:2	18.55 ±3.1	2.7%	DMO
Négative Control A3555	Not detected	99.8%	not applicable

[00102J Transgenic cotton plants were generated with two DNA constructs that were identical except for the APG6 CTP. The first DNA construct had APG6 (SEQ ID NO:1) operably linked to DMO (SEQ ID NO: 18). The second DNA construct had the optimized APG6 CTP (SEQ ID NO:2) operably linked to DMO (SEQ ID NO; 18). Each DNA construct was transformed to cotton by Agrobacterium mediated transformation using methods known to those of skill in the art. Following transformation, R0 cotton transgenic plants containing a single copy of the transgene were identified by PCR assay, grown in greenhouse, and RI seed was harvested. Ten RI seeds per event from 10 events for each construct and seed from DP393 cotton was planted to evaluate crop tolérance to post-emergence application of dicamba. Dicamba (Clarity) was applied at the V4 stage atl 120 g ai/ha. Crop injury percent ratings were taken 9 days after the treatment. Leaf samples from tolérant cotton plants were used for protein level measurement and APG6-DMO or optimized APG6-DMO aminoterminal sequence analysis. The DMO protein level detected by ELISA was 176.2 ± 103 ng/mg for the single-copy dicamba tolérant RI transgenic cotton plants with the APG6 CTP (SEQ ID NO:1) operably linked to DMO (SEQ ID NO: 18). The DMO protein level detected by ELISA was 136.5 ± 58.6 ng/mg for the single-copy dicamba tolérant RI transgenic cotton plants with the optimized APG6 CTP (SEQ ID NO:2). No DMO protein was detected in the négative control DP393 cotton leaf tissue. The dicamba injury for the single-copy RI transgenic cotton plants with the APG6 CTP (SEQ ID NO:1) operably linked to DMO (SEQ ID NO: 18) was 2.6%. The dicamba injury for the single-copy RI transgenic plants with the optimized APG6 CTP (SEQ ID NO:2) operably linked to DMO (SEQ ID NO: 18) was 2.2%. The négative control DP393 cotton injury was 85%. Leaf samples from the single-copy dicamba tolérant RI plants were used for amino-terminal sequencing (as described in

Examples 2 and 4). Amino-terminal sequence analysis confirmed that the processing of APG6-DMO and optimized APG6-DMO resulted in full processing of the CTP from the amino-terminus of the DMO protein. The DMO protein expression level, dicamba injury, and APG6-DMO and optimized APG6-DMO amino-terminal processing indicated that both the APG6 and optimized APG6 when operably linked to DMO provide tolérance to dicamba and both CTPs are processed fully in plants. Data are provided in Table 11.

Table 11. RI Cotton greenhousc testing

CTP	Leaf DMO levels (ng/mg)	dicamba% Injury, V4 stage	APG6-DMO Processing
APG6 (SEQ ID NO:1)	176.2 ±103	2.6%	DMO
Optimized APG6 (SEQ ID NO:2)	136.5 ± 58.6	2.2%	DMO
Négative Control DP393	Not detected	85%	not applicable

Example 6: CTP-PPO expression in transgenic maize

[00103] Novel PPOs that are tolérant to PPO herbicides were identified using an herbicide bacterial screening System. This screening system used a growth assay of the knockout E. coli strain in LB liquid medium with a PPO herbicide to identîfy PPOs that were not sensitive to the PPO herbicide.

[00104] The knockout E. coli strain was transformed with a bacterial expression vector containing the confirmed PPO activity and cultured in LB liquid medium. Purified crystalline form of one of five different PPO herbicides (acîfluorfen (1 mM), flumioxazîn (0.5 mM), lactofen (0.5 mM), fomesafen (1 mM), and S-3100 (100 μΜ), representing three different PPO chemistry subclasses, was added to the medium. Recombinant proteins were expressed and the E. coli growth rates were measured. Growth curves (OD600) were measured for the different variants in the presence and absence of the PPO herbicides at selected time-points from time zéro to twenty-four hours. The growth of a transformed knockout E. coli strain in LB medium in the presence of a PPO herbicide indicated that the gene used to transform the E. coli encoded an herbicide-insensitive protoporphyrinogen oxidase (iPPO).

[00105] Ten PPOs provided as SEQ ID NOs:40-49 were ail found to confier normal growth rates on the knockout E. coli strain in LB medium in the presence of a PPO herbicide, indicating that these proteins are herbicide-insensitive protoporphyrinogen oxidases (iPPO). The knockout E. coli strain expressing the WH PPO (SEQ ID NO:60) was sensitive to ail five PPO herbicides, confirming that the assay was able to distinguish between sensitive and insensitive PPOs for each of the herbicides.

[00106J Four plant transformation vectors were created for expressing the PPO H_N10 (SEQ ID NO:43) in planta. Transformation constructs 1 and 11 had the same promoter plus leader plus intron combination, the same 3’UTR sequence, the same PPO H_N10 (SEQ ID NO:43), but differed in the CTP sequences, and were used in transformation of soybean. Transformation constructs 6 and 16 had the same promoter plus leader plus intron combination, the same 3’UTR sequence, the same PPO H_N10 (SEQ ID NO:43), but differed in the CTP sequences, and were used in transformation of maize. Table 12 provides configuration ofthe PPO H_N10 plant transformation constructs.

Table 12. Construct configuration with PPO Η ΝΙΟ

Transformation crop	Construct	CTP	CTP SEQ ID NO
Soybean and Cotton	1	APG6	SEQ ID NO:1
Soybean	11	12G088600TP	SEQ ID NO:38
Maize	6	APG6	SEQ ID NO:1
16	12G088600TP	SEQ IDNO:38

[00107) The PPO enzymes were expressed in transgenic maize plants, and the transgenic plants were analyzed for PPO herbicide tolérance. Plant transformation vectors were constructed comprising a recombinant DNA molécule encoding one of the PPO enzymes provided as SEQ ID NOs:40-59. The DNA sequence encoding a PPO enzyme can include at the 5’ end a codon for a méthionine, commonly known as a start codon, or this codon can be eliminated to facilitate opérable linkage of a chloroplast transit peptide sequence to the 5’ end of the coding sequence. Examples of PPO enzyme protein sequences containing a méthionine at the amino-terminus are provided as SEQ ID NOs:40-49. Examples of PPO enzyme protein sequences without a méthionine at the amino-terminus are provided as SEQ ID NOs:50-59. For plant transformation, the nucléotide sequences encoding the putative PPO enzymes were codon optimized for either dicot or monocot expression. Table 2 provides the SEQ ID NOs corresponding to the protein and nucléotide sequences of the PPO enzymes in the transformation vectors.

[00108] For maize in planta testing, maize (LH244) was transformed using Agrobacterium tumefaciens and standard methods known in the art. Transgenic Fl plants produced from outcrossing the single-copy R0 plants expressing H_N10 (SEQ ID NO:43) in one of two construct configurations were tested in the greenhouse for herbicide tolérance. The plants were treated with 40 grams/ha S-3100 at the V3 growth stage and injury ratings were taken seven days after treatment. Transgenic maize plants expressing H N10 (SEQ ID NO:43) in the construct 6 configuration (APG6 (SEQ ID NO:1) operably linked to PPO H N10 (SEQ ID NO:43)) resulted in 13 out of 18 events producing highly tolérant plants (10% or less injury) but the construct 16 configuration (12G088600TP (SEQ ID NO:38) operably linked to PPO Η ΝΙΟ (SEQ ID NO:43)) resulted in no events producing highly tolérant plants.

[00109] Transgenic Fl plants produced from outcrossing the single-copy R0 plants expressing Η ΝΙΟ (SEQ ID NO:43) in one of two construct configurations (constructs 6 and 16) were tested in the field for herbicide tolérance. This Fl population was segregating (50% hemizygous and 50% null) and sélection for transgenic plants was not conducted prior to injury ratings. The overall average injury ratings for such a population are expected to be higher than a homogenous transgenic population since it is difficult to discem non-transgenic plants from transgenic plants. The trials were conducted at two locations with two replicates and 3 treatments per construct. Non-transgenic maize plants were used as a négative control. The herbicide application treatments were as follows: Treatment 1 was 0.036 1b ai/acre S3100 applied at V2 followed by (fb) V4 fb V8; Treatment 2: was 0.072 1b ai/acre S-3100 applied at V2 fb V4 fb V8; Treatment 3: was 0.144 1b ai/acre S-3100 applied at V2 fb V4 fb V8. Crop Injury Percent ratings were assessed at the V2 growth stage (CIPV2) and at the V4 growth stage (CIPV4) at 5 to 7 days after treatment (the error V2 and error V4 are half of the least significant différence (LSD)). The crop injury ratings were combined for both locations. Ail non-transgenic plants and plants with events generated using construct 16 (12G088600TP (SEQ ID NO:38) operably linked to PPO H N10 (SEQ ID NO:43)) showed between 94.699.5% injury following both the V2 and V4 herbicide application for each of the three treatments. Plants with events generated using construct 6 (APG6 (SEQ ID NO:1) operably linked to PPO H_N10 (SEQ ID NO:43)) showed only 30% to 50% injury following the V2 herbicide application and no injury following the V4 herbicide application. Data are provided in Table 13.

Table 13. Efficacy field trial of FI maize containing PPO Η ΝΙΟ (SEQ ID NO:43)

Treatment	Construct	CTP	CTP SEQ ID NO	CIPV2	CIPV4	Error V2	Error V4
Trt 1	Négative control	n/a	n/a	94.6	99	8.6	1.2
6	APG6	1	37.5	0	8.6	1.2
16	12G088600TP	38	96.3	98.5	8.6	1.2
Trt 2	Négative control	n/a	n/a	99.5	99.5	5.4	0
6	APG6	1	37.5	0	5.4	0
16	12G088600TP	38	99.5	99.5	5.4	0
Trt 3	Négative control	n/a	n/a	99.5	99.5	0	0
6	APG6	1	50	0	0	0
16	12G088600TP	38	99.5	99.5	0 _	0

[00110] The Fl transgenic maize greenhouse and field data demonstrated that APG6 (SEQ ID NO:1) operably linked to PPO H_N10 (SEQ ID NO:43) produced reduced injury rates 5 when expressed in transgenic plants as compared to the injury rates when 12G088600TP (SEQ ID NO:38) operably linked to PPO H_N10 (SEQ ID NO:43) was expressed in transgenic plants. See, Figure 1.

[00111] Plant transformation vectors were created for expressing in planta either PPO H N40 (SEQ ID NO:54) or PPO H N90 (SEQ ID NO:50) operably linked to APG6 (SEQ ID 10 NO:1), CTP D, or CTP E. Maize (01DK.D2) was transformed using Agrobacterium tumefaciens and standard methods known in the art. Leaf samples taken from the resulting R0 plants were analyzed by PCR to determine the copy number of the transgene insert. R0 plants each containing a unique transformation event were sprayed with 40 g ai/ha or 80 g ai/ha of S-3100 at approximately the V5 growth stage and injury ratings were taken 4-7 days after 15 treatment. The number of plants with <10% injury (highly tolérant) or <20% injury (tolérant) of the total number of sprayed plants was recorded. Plants that were determined to be singlecopy events and that passed spray at <20% injury were advanced to selfing and outcrossing. Data are presented in Table 14.

Table 14. CTP-PPO herbicide tolérance évaluation in transgenic maize

Construct configuration	CTP	PPO	S-3100 rate (g ai/ha)	<10% injury	<20% injury
17	APG6	H_N40	80	42/112 (37.5%)	65/112 (58%)
17	D	H_N40	80	0/46 (0%)	1/46 (2.2%)
17	E	H_N40	40	0/101 (0%)	13/101 (12.9%)
17	APG6	HN90	40	55/112 (49.1%)	63/112 56.3%)
18	APG6	H_N40	80	45/112 (40.2%)	66/112 (58.9%)
18	E	H_N40	40	9/112 (8%)	36/112 (32.1%)
19	APG6	H_N40	80	12/56 (21.4%)	23/56 (41.1%)
19	E	H_N40	40	3/112 (2.7%)	9/112 (8.0%)

[00112] The results show that APG6 (SEQ ID NO: I ) consistently produced higher herbicide tolérance compared to plants transformed with the CTP D or CTP E when operably linked to H_N40 (SEQ ID NO:54) or H_N90 (SEQ ID NO:50). APG6 when operably linked to H N40 resulted in 21.4% to 40.2% of transgenic plants being highly tolérant and 41.1% to 58.9% of transgenic plants being tolérant to S-3100 at 80 g ai/ha. APG6 when operably linked to H_N90 resulted in 49.1% of transgenic plants being highly tolérant and 56.3% of transgenic plants being tolérant to S-3100 at 40 g ai/ha. CTP D when operably linked to H_N40 resulted 10 in 0% of transgenic plants being highly tolérant and 2.2% being tolérant to S-3100 at 80 g ai/ha. CTP E when operably linked to H_N40 resulted in 0% to 8% of transgenic plants being highly tolérant and 12.9% to 32.1% being tolérant to S-3100 at the lower herbicide rate of40 g ai/ha.

[00113] Transgenic Fl hybrid maize expressing APG6 operably linked to PPO H_N10 was 15 assessed for tolérance to different seven different PPO herbicides: S-3100, Fomesafen,

Acifluorfen, Lactofen, Flumioxazin, Sulfentrazone, and Saflufenacil. Pooled seed representing 5 unique events was planted in pots in a greenhouse along with hybrid maize seed as a négative control.

[00114] To test for pre-emergence herbicide tolérance, PPO herbicides were applied 5 individually at one of two rates with six reps per treatment as follows: S-3100 (80 or 160 g ai/ha), fomesafen (Reflex®, 840 or 1680 g ai/ha), flumioxazin (Valor® SX, 210 or 420 g ai/ha), sulfentrazone (Spartan® 4L, 840 or 1680 g ai/ha), and saflufenacil (Sharpen®, 200 or 400 g ai/ha). Plants were rated for percentage of crop injury at 20 days after treatment, and maize seed was included as a négative control. Transgenic plants with APG6 operably linked 10 to PPO H_N10 had injury ratings for the different PPO herbicides applied pre-emergence ranging from 0% to 5.8%, indicating that APG6 operably linked to PPO H_N10 provided excellent pre-emergence tolérance to the maize at both herbicide rates for ail ofthe five PPO herbicides. Négative control maize plants had injury ratings ranging from 17.5% to 94.2%, with the exception of Saflufenacil, which is expected since this herbicide is marketed for used 15 in conventional maize plants. Data are presented in Table 15 with standard errer indicated as

Table 15. PPO herbicide pre-emergence injury ratings in maize

TRT#	Chemistry	Rate (g ai/ha)	% Injury négative control	% Injury PPO HN10
1	S-3100	80	19.2% +/- 2.39	3.3%+/- 1.67
2	160	20.8%+/- 8.31	4.2% +/- 1.54
3	Fomesafen	840	75.8%+/-5.83	4.2% +/- 1.54
4	1680	94.2% +/- 1.54	5.8% +/- 0.83
5	Flumioxazin	210	30% +/- 6.32	1.7%+/- 1.05
6	420	60.8%+/-6.38	2.5%+/- 1.71
7	Sulfentrazone	840	17.5%+/- 11.6	0% +/- 0
8	1680	20% +/- 11.11	0% +/- 0
9	Saflufenacil	200	0% +/- 0	0% +/- 0
10	400	0.8% +/- 0.83	0.8% +/- 0.83

[00115] To test for post-emergence (V3 to V4) herbicide tolérance, PPO herbicides were applied individually at one of three rates with six reps per treatment as follows: S-3100 (40, 80, or 160 g ai/ha), fomesafen (Reflex®, 420, 840, or 1680 g ai/ha), acifluorfen (Ultra

Blazer®, 420, 840, or 1680 g ai/ha), lactofen (Cobra®, 220, 440, or 880 g ai/ha), flumioxazin (Valor® SX, 105, 210, or 420 g ai/ha), sulfentrazone (Spartan® 4L, 420, 840, or 1680 g ai/ha), and saflufenacil (Sharpen®, 100, 200, or 400 g ai/ha). Plants were rated for percentage of crop injury at 14 days after treatment, and conventional hybrid maize seed was included as 5 a négative control. Transgenic plants with APG6 operably linked to PPO Η ΝΙΟ had injury ratings for the different PPO herbicides applied post-emergence ranging from 0.5% to 5.8%, with the exception of fomesafen at 1680 g ai/ha where the injury rating was 13.8%, indicating that APG6 operably linked to PPO H_N10 provided excellent post-emergence tolérance to the maize at ail herbicide rates for ail of the seven PPO herbicides. Négative control maize 10 plants had injury ratings ranging from 36.7% to 100%. Data are presented in Table 16 with standard error indicated as +/-.

Table 16. PPO herbicide post-emergence injury ratings in maize

PPO Herbicide	Rate (g ai/ha)	% Injury Négative control	% Injury PPO Η ΝΙΟ
S-3100	40	100%=/-0	1.80% =/-0.87
80	100%=/-0	3.80% =/-0.83
160	100%=/-0	3.80% =/-0.98
Fomesafen	420	98.50% =/-0.81	2.30% =/-0.8
840	100% =/-0	4.70% =/-0.8
1680	100% =/-0	13.80% =/-1.54
Acifluorfen	420	84.20% =/-5.69	1.80% =/-0.87
840	87.50% =/-2.14	4.70% =/-0.8
1680	95.50% =/-1.38	5.30% =/-0.61
Lactofen	220	58.30% =/-3.07	1% =/-0.63
440	59.20% =/-2.71	2.20% =/-1.01
880	61.70% =/-6.54	5.80% =/-0.98
Flumioxazin	105	51.70% =/-3.07	1% =/-0.63
210	69.20% =/-6.38	1.30% =/-0.88
420	68.30% =/-2.79	1.80% =/-0.87
Sulfentrazone	420	61.70% =/-5.43	0.50% =/-0.5
840	79.20% =/-5.97	1% =/-0.63
1680	84.20% =/-3.27	2.70% =/-0.92
Saflufenacil	100	43.30% =/-2.11	0.80% =/-0.83
200	36.70% =/-2.11	1.30% =/-0.88
400	53.30% =/-2.11	1.80% =/-0.87

Example 7: CTP-PPO expression in transgenic soybean

[00116J PPO enzymes operably linked to different CTPs were expressed in transgenic 5 soybean plants, and the transgenic plants were analyzed for PPO herbicide tolérance.

[00117] Plant transformation vectors were created for expressing in planta 12G088600TP (SEQ ID NO;38) operably linked to PPO H N10 (SEQ ID NO:43) or APG6 (SEQ ID NO:1) operably linked to PPO H_N10 (SEQ ID NO:43). Soybean A3555 was transformed using these plant transformation vectors and Agrobacterium tumefaciens using standard methods 10 known in the art. Regenerated R0 transgenic plantlets were grown in the greenhouse, selfed,

RI seed was collected. Transgenic R| .

Alcide treatments ap_plied _at Steenhouse _{wi[h One} „_f ?^a °°’ °^{r <3) 30} ai/ha S-3I00 Cm ’ ^¹⁰⁰. W >0 gntms

H^7™'· ^{Tr Sgen}'^{C ΡΐΜΚ} =~g APG6 'X ^{ra,i 8S} ™ « te„ da_ys

- <^SEQ ID NO:43) had injury rati„gs . ^Q '^{D N0:l}> “Perably linked to ppo ^-3_%, ₆._5%, _t0 i^^ and ₉._{4% at (he}7 Η νΤΓ ^Pla‘^S ~^g '««TP (SEO M^{an<,30gaiÆarat}e^s-Pec_tlVe_ly. <Nl0(SEQlDN_O-43)hnJ ^{EQ ID} NO:38) onerablv r t .

nad averaee ininn *’ ⁷ P^er«Diy nnked ίο PPn

- 30 g aidta rates, re„_y, a. t , ₀ zr^had z; z^{8 at the r}' --âge. Data are provided i_n

Table 17: P_PO Herbicide «estingofRi _soybean

for expressing ¹⁵ 100118] p_)ant t_{ransfonnat(on v} ^(SEQ'^DNO-^)o_Perabl_yli_nked

3%

6.5%

4.2%

7.8%

9.4%

92.7%

89%

98%

100%

5g/ha

5g/ha

10g/ha

5g/ha

APG6 + H N10

APG6 + H Nio

APG6 + H Nio

I2G08860ÔTP + h~NÏÔ

G08860ÔTpTh~NÎô

GO 886'OOTP+loilÔ

Native Co_ntro]

Négative Control

S-3100 Rate injury V4 stage injury Ri _stage lOg^a

30g/ha g/ha g/ha g/ha

82.7%

98.2%

15.7% not available not available not available not available not available not available ^z« planta PpQ H_N90 vectors _Were created ^F· - CTP H. soybean A3535AP_{G6 (SEQ ID} oaing sta_ndZZds'_k ^heSeP,a'^{tranSfo,ma,il,n}^-a„d ₂₀ r T'^C ^eenhoos r™ «~ed _R0

T Js ^{S a a}'^{VZed PCR} plams co ^amP'^CS'^ak“ ^fr™ 'be resulting ^Sge„’^{C Sinï,c}-“py RO plants, each repres_en7 ™ -nt

-enhouse with the herbic.de treaty ₂₀g S 'be ^ra‘^,ngS '^{ate 14} «ays after treatment as^th “ ^tl* « as the number that were deemed

ΧόΧ θ^{10% or} _Tra„_s .

events being NgZ?? <^SEQ '» NO 47)'' hiahl . , ^Η~^⁹⁰ <^S£Q ID NO-471 . ^{p s ex}P^r^smg CTP F ghly tolérant and 41 |o/ k ‘ ^resulted in U 7% _of .

* - PPO « ;·-= «...

Table 18. S-3iû_ftpfr efflcacy eva|_uation

--- nu soybean

CTP

ÂPG6

F

H

PPO

H N90 » injure ⁰ injure

H N90

H N90 »/22 (0%) ¹⁰ '««H’J T_hÎS data _demons[ra[ed ^zyme _is criticaj _for . ^Specific CTP choice of CTP and th ^herb'^Clde France, thus _sh_o · ^use in prodocin Th ^{neXPeC,edSUPe}™^ri-VonheAP_GX ⁸ '^he ‘

Exampte 8- CTP Plants.

::χ:^{,o pp}° -- zt r- - >» fa’O'vninthe^ „ ™^{a On} and Agmbaaerhlm . ^DP393 iransfonned ²⁰ Mmptes taken fr ^R° ^tra'^ls8en,c p)anttes ‘ “““ «“dard methods ^{R0 ρι}- _t . £ ^IVe control, cotton DP391 k

Ornent _{with 20 g} ^DP3«- had ,00% _{injuy three} injury of26 7“/ τκ . ’ ^{in COntrast}> 21 _si_{ne)p n} ^{Y after} ^breide ™ injury· 3^' ^{ίίθη0Πη}^^^_{2Ι sin}2 ’ ^{PlantS ha<i an P W h} '^0% 3 piants Mth t5 T ³ ^h ^njUiy’ ^{2 P,ants w,f}h 20% i_njuiy. ₇ ^iS °^PCTab'y linked to a PPO

----«mportance of the compared to other CTPs f_or

P'ants wtth 30% _{injwy; and 3} æcaved herbicide treatment and the averase iniu “ ^R° ^P'^ants’ ¹⁴ P'ants ^the ’^{4 mull}’-^copy Plants was: 5 p_{tas with} J ^d,S'^bU>'™ °finjuiy for '«% .Wy; 2 plants _w,t_h ,5% “ ° ³ ** m_Jury; , _{plant wift} ⁵ - P>»_{t Wlth 40% lnw}. _ns Γ ^inJUryÎ ' ³°^% — AP06 (SEQ ID NO:1) operably linked to PPO H M O^SEO ,ηθ'”^{1 the} ^-no_{ftheherblcideS}._{3I00ai20gaiÆaa}H--

Claims (26)

1. A recombinant DNA molécule comprising a DNA sequence encoding a chloroplast transit peptide (CTP) operably linked to a DNA sequence encoding dicamba monooxygenase (DMO) or protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO), wherein the CTP comprises a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:l-3.

2. The recombinant DNA molécule of claim l, wherein the DNA sequence encoding the CTP comprises a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:7-l4.

3. The recombinant DNA molécule of claim l, wherein the DMO or PPO comprises a polypeptide sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:l8-27 and 40-59.

4. The recombinant DNA molécule of claim 3, wherein the DNA sequence encoding a DMO or PPO comprises a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs:28-37 and 61-102.

5. The recombinant DNA molécule of claim 1, wherein the CTP is operably linked to a DMO protein, and the CTP comprises a sequence selected from the group consisting ofSEQ IDNOs:l-3.

6. The recombinant DNA molécule of claim 1, wherein the CTP is operably linked to a PPO protein, and the CTP comprises a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1 and 2.

7. A DNA construct comprising the DNA molécule of claim 1 operably linked to a heterologous promoter fimctional in a plant cell.

8. A transgenic plant, plant cell, plant part, or seed comprising the DNA molécule of claim 1.

9. The transgenic plant, plant cell, plant part, or seed of claim 8, wherein the plant is a monocot plant.

10. The transgenic plant, plant cell, plant part, or seed of claim 9, wherein the plant is a maize or wheat plant.

H. The transgenic plant, plant cell, plant part, or seed of claim 8, wherein the plant is a dicot plant.

12. The transgenic plant, plant cell, plant part, or seed of claim U, wherein the plant is a soybean, cotton, or Brassica plant.

13. A method for producing an herbicide tolérant plant comprising the steps of:

a) transforming a plant cell with the DNA construct of claim 7 and;

b) regenerating a plant from the transformed plant cell that comprises the DNA construct.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the regenerated plant is tolérant to an herbicide selected from the group consisting of dicamba and a PPO inhibitor,

15. A method of producing an herbicide tolérant plant comprising the steps of:

a) Crossing a parent plant comprising the DNA molécule of claim l with itself or with a second plant to produce one or more progeny plants; and

b) selecting a progeny plant comprising said DNA molécule.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the progeny plant is tolérant to an herbicide selected from the group consisting of dicamba and a PPO inhibitor.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the progeny plant is tolérant to a PPO inhibitor herbicide selected from the group consisting of S-3100, fomesafen, acifluorfen, lactofen, flumioxazin, sulfentrazone, and saflufenacil.

18. A method of expressing dicamba monooxygenase (DMO) or protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) comprising introducing the DNA molécule of claim l into a plant cell.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein introducing comprises transforming the plant cell.

20. A method for controlling weed growth in a crop growing environment comprising the steps of:

a) planting the plant or seed of daim 8 in a crop growing environment; and

b) applying to the crop growing environment an amount of dicamba or a PPO inhibitor herbicide effective to control weed growth.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein the herbicide does not damage the plant or seed.

22. The method of claim 20, wherein the plant or seed is a monocot plant or seed.

5

23. The method of claim 22, wherein the plant is a maize or wheat plant.

24. The method of claim 20, wherein the plant or seed is a dicot plant or seed.

25. The method of claim 24, wherein the plant is a soybean, cotton, or Brassica plant.

26. The method of claim 20, wherein the herbicide is dicamba.

27. The method of claim 20, wherein the herbicide is a PPO inhibitor.