OA18382A - Diphenyliodonium salts as sulfidogenesis inhibitors and antimicrobials. - Google Patents
Diphenyliodonium salts as sulfidogenesis inhibitors and antimicrobials. Download PDFInfo
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- OA18382A OA18382A OA1201700308 OA18382A OA 18382 A OA18382 A OA 18382A OA 1201700308 OA1201700308 OA 1201700308 OA 18382 A OA18382 A OA 18382A
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- diphenyliodonium
- hydrocarbon
- sait
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- OZLBDYMWFAHSOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyliodanium Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1[I+]C1=CC=CC=C1 OZLBDYMWFAHSOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 title abstract description 3
- 230000000845 anti-microbial Effects 0.000 title 1
- 239000004599 antimicrobial Substances 0.000 title 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogens Species 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- RSJLWBUYLGJOBD-UHFFFAOYSA-M diphenyliodanium;chloride Chemical group [Cl-].C=1C=CC=CC=1[I+]C1=CC=CC=C1 RSJLWBUYLGJOBD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 21
- CQZCVYWWRJDZBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyliodanium;nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.C=1C=CC=CC=1[I+]C1=CC=CC=C1 CQZCVYWWRJDZBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 sulfùr Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L thiosulfate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]S([S-])(=O)=O DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- LGPSGXJFQQZYMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M diphenyliodanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C=1C=CC=CC=1[I+]C1=CC=CC=C1 LGPSGXJFQQZYMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- KFGZTBBPOZNSHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyliodanium;hexafluoroarsenic(1-) Chemical compound F[As-](F)(F)(F)(F)F.C=1C=CC=CC=1[I+]C1=CC=CC=C1 KFGZTBBPOZNSHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DSSRLRJACJENEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyliodanium;hexafluorophosphate Chemical compound F[P-](F)(F)(F)(F)F.C=1C=CC=CC=1[I+]C1=CC=CC=C1 DSSRLRJACJENEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WQIRVUAXANLUPO-UHFFFAOYSA-M diphenyliodanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C=1C=CC=CC=1[I+]C1=CC=CC=C1 WQIRVUAXANLUPO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- JMJGNDIWCVQJJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M diphenyliodanium;perchlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.C=1C=CC=CC=1[I+]C1=CC=CC=C1 JMJGNDIWCVQJJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003115 biocidal Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000019086 sulfide ion homeostasis Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 7
- WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hypochlorite Chemical compound Cl[O-] WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YIEDHPBKGZGLIK-UHFFFAOYSA-L tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphanium;sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.OC[P+](CO)(CO)CO.OC[P+](CO)(CO)CO YIEDHPBKGZGLIK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SJZRECIVHVDYJC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 4-hydroxybutyrate Chemical compound OCCCC([O-])=O SJZRECIVHVDYJC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N formic acid Chemical compound OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutaraldehyde Chemical compound O=CCCCC=O SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butoxyethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCO POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000203069 Archaea Species 0.000 description 2
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JJWKPURADFRFRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbonyl sulfide Chemical compound O=C=S JJWKPURADFRFRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001365223 Desulfocurvus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001037969 Desulfonauticus sp. Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000605786 Desulfovibrio sp. Species 0.000 description 2
- 206010013975 Dyspnoeas Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241000168423 Kosmotoga Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001469654 Lawsonia <weevil> Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001126946 Oceanotoga Species 0.000 description 2
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Perchlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 241001038000 Petrotoga sp. Species 0.000 description 2
- LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium nitrite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]N=O LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylaldehyde Chemical compound C=CC=O HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002503 metabolic Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000813 microbial Effects 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 2
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 2
- UUIVKBHZENILKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C(Br)(Br)C#N UUIVKBHZENILKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OLQJQHSAWMFDJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)[N+]([O-])=O OLQJQHSAWMFDJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUQMDNQYMMRJPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4-dimethyl-1,3-oxazolidine Chemical compound CC1(C)COCN1 GUQMDNQYMMRJPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001464964 Acholeplasma sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000764501 Anaerophaga Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000099780 Arcobacter sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001549260 Bellilinea Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQAOXERLHGRFIC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium perchlorate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O ZQAOXERLHGRFIC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 241000873310 Citrobacter sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000001712 DNA sequencing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000031588 Desulfocella Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000508266 Desulfomicrobium sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000284132 Desulfonatronospira Species 0.000 description 1
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000851497 Geoalkalibacter Species 0.000 description 1
- LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glyoxal Chemical compound O=CC=O LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940015043 Glyoxal Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 206010022114 Injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- MGIYRDNGCNKGJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isothiazolinone Chemical compound O=C1C=CSN1 MGIYRDNGCNKGJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001235118 Kluyvera sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000762023 Mangrovibacter Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000036740 Metabolism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001021 Polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241001273379 Prolixibacter Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001335890 Proteiniphilum sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000589774 Pseudomonas sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000084225 Raoultella sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000607714 Serratia sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- UKLNMMHNWFDKNT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chlorite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Cl=O UKLNMMHNWFDKNT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241001471071 Sphaerochaeta sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001586968 Sulfurimonas sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001037500 Sulfurospirillum sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000374781 Thermovirga Species 0.000 description 1
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Vitamin C Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000078 corrosive Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 231100001010 corrosive Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- XQAOHKOZSRZPKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol;hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCO.CCCCCCO XQAOHKOZSRZPKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanolamine Chemical group NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008079 hexane Substances 0.000 description 1
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iso-propanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lactate Chemical compound CC(O)C([O-])=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035786 metabolism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006011 modification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007481 next generation sequencing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002898 organic sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004965 peroxy acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002455 scale inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002218 sodium chlorite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010288 sodium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic Effects 0.000 description 1
- BSUNTQCMCCQSQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N triazine Chemical compound C1=CN=NN=C1.C1=CN=NN=C1 BSUNTQCMCCQSQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AKUNSPZHHSNFFX-UHFFFAOYSA-M tributyl(tetradecyl)phosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCC[P+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC AKUNSPZHHSNFFX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The present invention generally relates to the use of diphenyliodonium salts for lowering sulfide concentrations and for preventing growth of microbes in a water injection system, a hydrocarbon extraction system, or a hydrocarbon production system. Treating oilfield injection and produced fluids containing high levels of microbes with diphenyliodonium salts can significantly decrease the amount of hydrogen sulfide produced, which can be used to measure sulfidogenesis. The treatment can also decrease the number of microbes in the injection and produced fluids. Thus, these diphenyliodonium salts can be effectively used as inhibitors of hydrogen sulfide generation and as biocides in oilfield fluids.
Description
[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 62/111,797 filed on February 4,2015, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION [0002] The présent invention generally relates to the use of diphenyliodonium salts for inhibiting microbial hydrogen sulfide production and preventing the growth of microbes in a hydrocarbon-containing system comprising a water injection system, a hydrocarbon extraction system, or a hydrocarbon production system.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0003] The introduction of sulfate- and sulfur-containing waters into oil fields for secondary oil recovery often leads to formation of undesirable sulfur-containing compounds, particularly hydrogen sulfide, by sulfur-utilizing prokaryotes. These sulfurcontaining compounds lead to safety, environmental, corrosion and plugging problems, and even prématuré abandonment of the oil and gas field.
[0004] Particularly, hydrogen sulfide génération begins by introducing sulfate- or other sulfur-containing aqueous solutions such as seawater into an anaérobie environment for indigenous microorganisms and microorganisms contained in the introduced aqueous solutions that are capable of producing hydrogen sulfide.
[0005] Hydrogen sulfide is a toxic, corrosive, flammable gas that causes problems in both the upstream and downstream oil and gas industry. Exposure to this gas, even at low concentrations, can cause serious injury or death. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in naturel gas and crude oil reserves is often accompanied by small amounts of mercaptans (RSH), sulfides (R2S), polysulfides, and carbonyl sulfide (COS). Considérable expense and effort are expended annually to reduce the H2S content of gas and oil streams to make them suitable for commercial use.
[0006] Hydrogen sulfide has an offensive odor, and naturel gas and crude oil streams containing substantial amounts of H2S are considered “sour.” In addition to naturel gas and petroleum, there are also aqueous fluids that must be treated to reduce or · remove H2S, such as waste water streams. Treatments to reduce or remove H2S from hydrocarbon or aqueous streams are referred to as “sweetening” treatments because the odor of the processed products is improved by the absence of hydrogen sulfide.
[0007] In some cases, nitrate introduction has been used to prevent sulfide formation in waters because spécifie nitrate-reducing bacteria (NRB) are activated and use volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and the carbon dioxide from dissolved limestone in the formation to produce nitrogen and/or ammonia. Thus, the NRBs could compete with the sulfur-utilizing prokaryotes and more rapidly use the VFAs, resulting in lowered production of sulfide and sulfur-containing compounds by the sulfur-utilizing prokaryotes.
[0008] However, this nitrate treatment can cause problems if the treatment is suspended or stopped because the hydrogen sulfide production would résumé at the previous concentrations or the hydrogen sulfide production could even increase due to the enhanced biomass présent. Additionally, some instances of nitrate application to reduce hydrogen sulfide hâve increased corrosion due to the incomplète réduction of the applied nitrate. The increased amount of NRB’s can also lead to injectivity issues, where the microbial population blocks the injection path of the water into the réservoir.
[0009] Thus, a need exists for an effective and efficient method to prevent the génération of hydrogen sulfide and reduce the growth of or kill the microbes responsible . for the production of hydrogen sulfide in a hydrocarbon-containing System comprising a water injection System, a hydrocarbon extraction System, or a hydrocarbon production System.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0010] One aspect of the invention is a method for reducing or preventing growth of a microbe in a hydrocarbon-containing System comprising a water injection System, a hydrocarbon extraction System, or a hydrocarbon production System. The method comprises administering an effective amount of a diphenyliodonium sait into the water injection System, the hydrocarbon extraction System, or the hydrocarbon production System.
[0011] Another aspect is a method for reducing concentration of hydrogen sulfide in a hydrocarbon-containing System comprising a water injection System, a hydrocarbon extraction System, or a hydrocarbon production System comprising administering an effective amount of a diphenyliodonium sait into the water injection System, the hydrocarbon extraction System, or the hydrocarbon production System, wherein the diphenyliodonium sait inhibits the production of hydrogen sulfide by a sulfur utilizing prokaryote.
[0012] Yet another aspect is a composition for reducing or preventing growth of a 5 sulfur-utilizing prokaryote in a hydrocarbon-containing System comprising a water injection System, a hydrocarbon extraction System, or a hydrocarbon production System. The composition comprises an effective amount of a diphenyliodonium sait; and a solvent.
[0013] A further aspect of the invention is a composition for lowering the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in a hydrocarbon-containing System comprising a water 10 injection System, a hydrocarbon extraction System, or a hydrocarbon production System.
The composition comprises an effective amount of a diphenyliodonium sait; and a solvent.
[0014] Other objects and features will be in part apparent and in part pointed out hcrcinaftcr.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0015] Figure 1 is a combination bar/line graph showing the réduction in levels of active microbes and hydrogen sulfide in fluids either left untreated or treated with diphenyliodonium chloride (DPIC) or diphenyliodonium nitrate (DPIN) at 1 ppm for 7 days, 27 days, and 70 days.
[0016] Figure 2 is a bar graph of the percent réduction in active microbes for diphenyliodonium chloride (DPIC) at 0.1 ppm, 1 ppm, 10 ppm, and 100 ppm at 11 days, 84 days, and at 305 days.
[0017] Figure 3 is a bar graph of the réduction of hydrogen sulfide concentrations for diphenyliodonium chloride (DPIC) at 0.1 ppm, 1 ppm, 10 ppm, and 100 ppm for 84 25 days and 305 days.
[0018] Figure 4 is a bar graph of the percent réduction in active microbes for diphenyliodonium chloride (DPIC) at 1 ppm and 10 ppm and diphenyliodonium nitrate (DPIN) at 0.1 ppm, 1 ppm, and 10 ppm at 1 day, 7 days, and 14 days.
[0019] Figure 5 is a bar graph of the efïicacy of diphenyliodonium chloride (DPIC) at 10 ppm and 100 ppm and diphenyliodonium nitrate (DPIN) at 10 ppm and 100 ppm for 20%, 50%, and 80% concentrations of process water.
[0020] Figure 6 is a bar graph of the efïicacy of three different biocides commonly used in oil and gas Systems at 4 hours and 24 hours without or with diphenyliodonium nitrate (DPIN) at 10 ppm. Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium sulfate (THPS) was added at 400 ppm; glutaraldehyde was added at 250 ppm; hypochlorite was added at 100 ppm.
[0021] Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding parts throughout the drawings.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS [0022] The présent invention is directed to methods for lowering sulfide concentrations and preventing growth of microbes in a hydrocarbon-containing system comprising a water injection system, a hydrocarbon extraction system, or a hydrocarbon production system by administering diphenyliodonium salts. Oilfield produced fluids or seawater, where each contain high levels of microbes, can be treated with diphenyliodonium salts that can significantly decrease the amount of microbes and their activity in the fluids. The treatment can also significantly decrease the amount of hydrogen sulfide produced. Thus, these diphenyliodonium salts can be effectively used as sulfidogenesis inhibitors and biocides in oilfield fluids.
[0023] One aspect of the invention is a method for reducing or preventing growth of a microbe in a hydrocarbon-containing system comprising a water injection system, a hydrocarbon extraction system, or a hydrocarbon production system comprising administering an effective amount of a diphenyliodonium sait into the water injection system, the hydrocarbon extraction system, or the hydrocarbon production system using an injection fluid.
[0024] Another aspect of the invention is a method for lowering sulfide concentration in a hydrocarbon-containing system comprising a water injection system, a hydrocarbon extraction system, or a hydrocarbon production system comprising administering an effective amount of a diphenyliodonium sait into the water injection system, the hydrocarbon extraction system, or the hydrocarbon production system using an injection fluid, wherein the diphenyliodonium sait inhibits the production of sulfide by a sulfur utilizing prokaryote.
[0025] For the methods described herein, the hydrocarbon-containing system can comprise a hydrocarbon extraction system or a hydrocarbon production system.
[0026] For the methods described herein, the water injection system, the hydrocarbon extraction system, or the hydrocarbon production system can be a subterranean hydrocarbon-containing formation, a well, a pipeline, a fluid séparation vessel, a floating production storage vessel, an offloading vessel, a refinery, or a storage system.
[0027] Further, the hydrocarbon extraction or the hydrocarbon production system can be a subterranean hydrocarbon-containing formation.
[0028] In the methods described herein, the diphenyliodonium sait can further be administered with a biocide, administered with a calcium nitrate/perchlorate agent, administered with a preservative agent, combined with a method for removing sulfate, administered with a scale inhibitor, administered with an H2S scavenger, or a combination thereof.
[0029] The diphenyliodonium sait can be administered with a biocide at the same time or from about one to about 24 hours after the biocide treatment. The biocide concentration dépends on the identity of the biocide and the system conditions, and generally is administered at a concentration of from about 5 to about 200 ppm in a continuous treatment and from about 10 ppm to about 10,000 ppm, from about 25 ppm to about 5,000 ppm, from about 25 ppm to about 2,500 ppm, or from about 25 ppm to about 1,000 ppm in a batch treatment.
[0030] The biocides can include tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium sulfate (THPS), glutaraldehyde, hypochlorite, 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide, 2-bromo-2nitropropane-l,3-diol, a quatemary amine, a peroxy acid, 2-propenal, 3,5-Dimethyl-l,3,5thiadiazinane-2-thione, tributyltetradecylphosphonium chloride, cocodiamine, isothiazolinone, 4,4-dimethyloxazolidine, l-(3-chloroallyl)-3,5,7-triaza-lazoniaadamantane, tris(hydroxymethyl)nitromethane, a perchlorate sait, a nitrate sait, a nitrite sait, or a combination thereof.
[0031] The H2S scavenger can be monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, Nmethyldiethanolamine, sodium chlorite, sodium nitrite, triazine, formaldéhyde, hydrogen peroxide, 2-propenal, glyoxal, or a combination thereof.
[0032] The injection fluid can comprise seawater, produced water, fresh water, brackish water, drilling fluid, completion fluid, or a combination thereof.
[0033] The microbe can comprise a sulfur utilizing prokaryote. The sulfur utilizing prokaryote can produce hydrogen sulfide through the réduction of sulfate, thiosulfate, sulfite, bisulfite, sulfur, other inorganosulfur compounds, and organosulfur compounds, or a combination thereof. ( [0034] For the methods described herein, the diphenyliodonium sait can be injected into the water injection system, hydrocarbon extraction system, or production system continuously with the injection fluid.
[0035] Further, the diphenyliodonium sait is injected into the water injection system, hydrocarbon extraction system, or production system intermittently with the injection fluid. When the diphenyliodonium sait is injected into the hydrocarbon extraction or production system intermittently, the injection of the diphenyliodonium sait is intermittently injected every one to three hours, every one to three days, or every one to three weeks.
[0036] The sulfur utilizing prokaryote can comprise a genus or species of bacteria and archaea capable of reducing sulfur compounds to produce sulfide.
[0037] Preferably, the sulfur utilizing prokaryote can comprise a sulfate-reducing bacteria. The sulfate-reducing bacteria can comprise Petrotoga sp., Desulfovibrio sp., Oceanotoga sp., Desulfocurvus sp., Desulfomicrobium sp., Desulfonauticus sp., Lawsonia sp., Kosmotoga sp., or a combination thereof.
[0038] Another aspect of the invention is a composition for reducing or preventing growth of a sulfur utilizing prokaryote in a hydrocarbon-containing system comprising a water injection system, a hydrocarbon extraction system, or a hydrocarbon production system, the composition comprising: an effective amount of a diphenyliodonium sait; and a solvent.
[0039] Yet another aspect of the invention is a composition for lowering hydrogen sulfide concentration in a hydrocarbon-containing system comprising a water injection system, a hydrocarbon extraction system, or a hydrocarbon production system, the composition comprising: an effective amount of a diphenyliodonium sait; and a solvent.
[0040] For the methods and compositions described herein, the diphenyliodonium sait can be diphenyliodonium chloride, diphenyliodonium nitrate, diphenyliodonium bromide, diphenyliodonium iodide, diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate, diphenyliodonium perchlorate, diphenyliodonium hexafluoroarsenate, or a combination thereof. Preferably, the diphenyliodonium sait can be diphenyliodonium chloride, diphenyliodonium nitrate, or a combination thereof. More preferably, the diphenyliodonium sait can comprise diphenyliodonium chloride or altemativeïy, the diphenyliodonium sait can comprises diphenyliodonium nitrate, in/ [0041] The diphenyliodonium salts are commercially available, for example, from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, and Alfa Aesar, Ward Hill, MA.
[0042] The effective amount of the diphenyliodonium sait is from about 1 to about 500 ppm, from about 1 to about 400 ppm, from about 1 to about 300 ppm, or from about 1 to about 200 ppm based on the total amount of injection fluid injected into the formation or production system, depending on the amount of bacteria and archaea that are présent. Preferably, the effective amount of the diphenyliodonium sait is from about 1 to about 100 ppm based on the total amount of injection fluid injected into the formation or production system. More preferably, the effective amount of the diphenyliodonium sait is from about 1 to about 50 ppm based on the total amount of injection fluid injected into the formation or production system. Most preferably, the effective amount of the diphenyliodonium sait is from about 1 to about 10 ppm based on the total amount of water injected into the formation or production system.
[0043] For the compositions of the invention, the solvent can comprise water, éthanol, methanol, isopropanol, heavy aromatic naphtha, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (EGMBE), 2-ethanol hexanol, toluene, hexane, acetic acid, ascorbic acid, formic acid, oxalic acid, or a combination thereof.
[0044] Having described the invention in detail, it will be apparent that modifications and variations are possible without departing from the scope of the invention defîned in the appended daims.
EXAMPLES [0045] The following non-limiting examples are provided to further illustrate the présent invention.
Example 1: Diphenyliodonium Efficacy Tests [0046] A hydrogen sulfide test kit (HACH, Model HS-C) and an AccuCount test kit (available from Nalco Champion) were used to test the efficacy of diphenyliodonium chloride (DPIC) and diphenyliodonium nitrate (DPIN) in 100 mL aliquots of injection water collected by mixing synthetic seawater, produced water from an oil and gas production facility off-shore California, USA, lactate, and thiosulfate. The results of the testing of these two compounds at 7,27, and 70 days at a concentration of 1 ppm are / shown in Figure 1. The results of the testing of DPIC at 11 days, 84 days, and 305 days at concentrations of 0.1 ppm, 1 ppm, 10 ppm, and 100 ppm are shown in Figure 2. The results of the testing of DPIC at 84 days and 305 days at concentrations of 0.1 ppm, 1 ppm, and 10 ppm are shown in Figure 2. The results of the testing of DPIC and DPIN at 1 day, 7 days, and 14 days at concentrations of 0.1 ppm, 1 ppm, and 10 ppm in synthetic seawater are shown in the Figure 4. The results of testing of DPIC and DPIN at 4 hours, 1 day, and 30 days at concentrations of 10 ppm and 100 ppm in 80% produced water, 50% produced water, and 20% produced water are shown in Figure 5. The levels of hydrogen sulfide and the percentage réduction of active microbes show that both DPIC and DPIN are effective at reducing the concentration hydrogen sulfide and the level of active microbes in the samples.
[0047] Figure 6 shows the percent réduction in active microbes for DPIN with tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate (THPS) (400 ppm), glutaraldehyde (250 ppm), and hypochlorite (100 ppm). The administration of the DPIN and the other biocides 15 was concurrent in a batch treatment.
[0048] Table 1 shows the relative abundance of each genus identified by Nextgeneration DNA sequencing from either the untreated or the lppm DPIC treated samples after 305 days. The untreated sample after 305 days of incubation was predominated by sulfur reducing prokaryotes, with greater than 97% of the total population showing a sulfur reducing metabolism. In contrast, the same sample treated with DPIC at 305 days showed no détectable sulfur reducing prokaryotes by DNA sequencing, demonstrating that the DPIC treatment prevented growth of those organisms.
| DPIC 1ppm - 305 Days |
Table 1_________________ | Untreated - 305 Days
| Genus Identified | Relative Abundance | Metabolic Class |
| Petrotoga sp. | 39.9% | SRB |
| Desulfovibrio sp. | 33.1% | NRB/SRB |
| Oceanotoga sp. | 8.5% | SRB |
| Desulfocurvus sp. | 8.5% | SRB |
| Desulfomlcrobium sp. | 3.1% | SRB |
| Desulfonauticus sp. | 1.5% ' | SRB |
| Lawsonia sp. | , 1·θ%. | SRB |
| Kosmotoga sp. | 1.0% | SRB |
Genus Identified
Relative Abundance
Metabolic Class
Serratia sp. Raoultella sp. Shimweliia sp.
Kluyvera sp. Pseudomonas sp. Proteiniphilum sp. Citrobacter sp. Mangrovibacter sp.
59.3% NRB/GHB
28.8% APB
7% ' ’ APB *” 7
3.5% APB/GHB/NRB
0.5% ' ‘ NRB/GHB
0.3% APB
0.3% APB
0.2% NRB
| Anaerophaga sp. | 0.8% | APB |
| Bellilinea sp. | 0.7% | APB |
| Desulfocella sp. | 0.4% | SRB |
| Sulfurospirillum sp. | 0.3% | NRB/SRB |
| Geoalkalibacter sp. | 0.2% | SRB/IRB |
| Prolixibacter sp. | 0.2% | APB |
| Sulfurimonas sp. | 0.2% | SOB |
| Arcobacter sp. | 0.2% | NRB/SOB |
| Dethiosuifovibrio sp. | 0.2% | SRB |
| Desulfonatronospira sp. | 0.1% | SRB |
| Thermovirga sp. | 0.1% | SRB |
| Sphaerochaeta sp. | 0.2% | APB |
| Acholeplasma sp. | 0.2% | APB |
| ' Crypiariâerobactër~ | 0.1% | APB |
| & |
[0049] When introducing éléments of the présent invention or the preferred embodiments thereof, the articles a, an, the and said are intended to mean that there are one or more of the éléments. The terms comprising, including and having 5 are intended to be inclusive and mean that there may be additional éléments other than the listed éléments.
[0050] In view of the above, it will be seen that the several objects of the invention are achieved and other advantageous results attained.
[0051] As various changes could be made in the above compositions and methods without departing from the scope of the invention, it is intended that ail matter contained in the above description and shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.
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Claims (10)
1. A method for reducing or preventing growth of a microbe in a hydrocarboncontaining system comprising a water injection system, a hydrocarbon extraction system, or a hydrocarbon production system comprising administering an effective amount of a diphenyliodonium sait into the water injection system, the hydrocarbon extraction system, or the hydrocarbon production system.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising reducing concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the hydrocarbon-containing system comprising the water injection system, the hydrocarbon extraction system, or the production system, wherein the diphenyliodonium sait inhibits the production of hydrogen sulfide by a sulfùr utilizing prokaryote.
3. The method of claim 1 or 2 wherein the diphenyliodonium sait is administered by injecting an injection fluid into the hydrocarbon extraction system or the hydrocarbon production system.
4. The method of any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the hydrocarbon extraction system or the hydrocarbon production system is a subterranean hydrocarbon-containing formation, a well, a pipeline, a fluid séparation vessel, a floating production storage vessel, an offloading vessel, a refinery, or a storage system, preferably, a subterranean hydrocarbon-containing formation.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the microbe comprises a sulfùr utilizing prokaryote, wherein the sulfùr utilizing prokaryote produces sulfide through réduction of sulfate, thiosulfate, sulfùr, bisulfite, an organosulfùr compound, or a combination thereof.
6. The method of any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein the diphenyliodonium sait is diphenyliodonium chloride, diphenyliodonium nitrate, diphenyliodonium bromide, diphenyliodonium iodide, diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate, diphenyliodonium perchlorate, diphenyliodonium hexafluoroarsenate, or a combination thereof, preferably, diphenyliodonium chloride, diphenyliodonium nitrate, or a combination thereof, more preferably, diphenyliodonium chloride, and more preferably, diphenyliodonium nitrate. ...
7. The method of any one of claims 1 to 6 wherein the effective amount of the diphenyliodonium sait is from about 1 to about 500 ppm or from about 1 to about 100 ppm based on the total amount of injection fluid injected into the formation or production system.
8. The method of claim 6 wherein the effective amount of the diphenyliodonium sait is from about 1 to about 50 ppm or from about 1 to about 10 ppm based on the total amount of injection fluid injected into the formation or production system.
9. The method of any one of claims 1 to 8 wherein the diphenyliodonium sait is injected into the water injection system, the hydrocarbon extraction system, or the hydrocarbon production system continuously with the injection fluid.
10. The method of any one of claims 1 to 8 wherein the diphenyliodonium sait is injected into the water injection system, the hydrocarbon extraction system, or the hydrocarbon production system intermittently with the injection fluid, preferably, the diphenyliodonium sait is intermittently injected every one to three hours, one to three days, or one to three weeks.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US62/111797 | 2015-02-04 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| OA18382A true OA18382A (en) | 2018-11-02 |
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