OA17843A - Secure document comprising luminescent chelates. - Google Patents

Abstract

Aqueous thermal inkjet ink composition for the printing of security documents comprising at least one luminescent water-soluble lanthanide complex.

Description

Secure document comprising luminescent chelates

FIELD OF THE INVENTION:

The invention relates to the field of security documents and aims at improving the security level of such documents.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION:

Secure documents such as currency, passports, or identity cards are increasingly counterfeit around the world. This situation is a very critical issue for governments and society in general. For example criminal organizations may use fake passports or identity cards for human beings traffic. As reprographie technologies become more and more sophisticated, it becomes even more difficult to make a clear distinction between a fake document and the original. Document security has therefore a considérable impact on the economy of the countries and also on the victims of illicit traffic involving counterfeit documents.

Passports and identity cards are in general secure documents which contain a large number of protections, such as holograms, bar codes, encrypted data, spécifie papers or substrates, etc. Some protections are visible to the unaided eye (overt features), other protections are invisible (covert features) and their détection requires spécifie equipment.

In the patent application US 2007/0225402 the use of an ultraviolet luminescent ink is disclosed, which is printed in form of indicia onto the document. The ultraviolet luminescent ink is invisible under natural light, such that the indicia can be only revealed under irradiation with U.V. light. This ultraviolet luminescent ink is useful for applying codes onto security documents such as passports or banknotes. In the cited document, printing processes, including silk screen, gravure, letterpress and offset printing are used to apply the invisible ultraviolet fluorescent inks.

Luminescent compounds in pigment form hâve been widely used in inks and other préparations (see US 6565770, W008033059, WO08092522) . Examples of luminescent pigments can be found in certain classes of inorganic compounds, such as the sulphides, oxysulphides, phosphates, vanadates, garnets, spinels, etc. of nonluminescent cations, doped with at least one luminescent cation chosen from the transitionmétal or the rare-earth ions.

.Another class of compound useful to produce luminescence in ink is formed by certain rare-earth métal complexes such as described in patent applications WO 2009/005733 or in US patent 7,108,742.

A particular process for imprinting secure document with luminescent compounds, in particular luminescent rare-earth métal complexes, is inkjet printing, and more particularly thermal inkjet printing. Thermal inkjet printers use print cartridges having a sériés of tiny electrically heated chambers, constructed by photolithography. To produce an image, the printer sends a puise of electric current through heating éléments disposed in the back of each chamber, causing a steam explosion in the chamber, so as to form a bubble, which propels a droplet of ink through an orifice of the chamber onto the paper in front of it (hence the tradename Bubblejet® for certain inkjet printers). The ink's surface tension, as well as the condensation and thus contraction of the vapor bubble, pulls a further charge of ink into the chamber through a narrow channel attached to an ink réservoir.

The ink used is aqueous (i.e. a water-based ink comprising pigments or dyes), and the print head is generally cheaper to produce than the equipment required for other inkjet technologies. However, its lifetime is short, and it is generally exchanged togehter with the empty ink cartridge.

A major problem encountered with inkjet printers is ink drying in the printhead's nozzles, causing the pigments and/or dyes to form a solid deposit that plugs the microscopie ink orifices. Most printers prevent this drying by automatically covering the printhead nozzles with a rubber cap when the printer is not in use. Abrupt power loss, or unplugging the printer before it has capped its printhead, can, however, cause the printhead to dry out. Further, even when capped - this seal being not perfect -, over a period of several weeks, the ink in the nozzles can dry out and plug them. Once ink begins to dry out in the nozzles, the drop volume is affected, the drop trajectory can change, or the nozzle can completely fail to jet any ink.

In the case of luminescent inkjet inks comprising rare earth métal complexes, the stability of the complex in water is critical to avoid nozzle obstruction. In order to prevent prématuré drying, adding water or solvent, to o

J sufficiently dilute the ink, is an obvious solution. However, dilution with water or solvent reduces the intensity of luminescence (and thus the ease of détection) of the security document printed with such ink.

Another problem encountered in thermal ink-jet printing is Kogation. Kogation (from Japanese koge = scorch, burn, char) is the thermal décomposition of ink components on the surface of the heating éléments disposed in the back of each chamber of the ink-jet printing head, producing solid décomposition products, which may then obstruct the nozzle of the chamber.

Although rare earth métal complexes would represent a very useful way of imparting luminescence to inkjet inks, the problem of ink drying in the nozzles makes it often impossible to use the inkjet cartridges in their entirety, and causes thus increased ink cartridge consumption cost. This has not only an ecological and security impact, due to the recycling problem caused by such used cartridge, but also a non-negligible impact on the cost of printing.

Thus there is still a crucial need to solve the above mentioned problems in order to promote the efficient use of luminescent ink-jet inks based on rare earth métal complexes, and therefore to obtain correctly printed and protected security documents during the whole life of the ink cartridge.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION:

The présent invention overcom.es the above described disadvantages by:

i. providing a stable level of luminescence for the efficient marking security documents during the whole life of the ink cartridge, ii. providing a luminescent ink which contains a stable rare earth métal complex, iii. avoiding the nozzle obstruction responsible for the impossibility to use the ink cartridge in its entirety.

The foregoing is accomplished by using a spécifie aqueous inkjet composition comprising at least one spécifie class of rare earth métal complexes in a spécifie ratio.

The rare-earth métal complexes of the présent invention are chosen from the luminescent lanthanide complexes of trivalent rare-earth ions with three dinegatively charged, tridentate 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl ligands.

The luminescent ink used comprises a stable, water-soluble tris-complex of a trivalent rare-earth cation with an atomic number between 58 and 7 0, such as: Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and the mixtures thereof, with a tridentate, dinegatively charged heteroaryl ligand that absorb in the ultraviolet and/or the blue région of the electromagnetic spectrum. The luminescent émission in these lanthanide complexes is due to inner f-shell transitions such as: ⁵D0 ⁷Fi and ⁵D0 > ⁷F₂ for Eu (3+) .

According to the présent invention, a neat stoichiometric

complex of the than a solution of the ligand.	trivalent rare-earth ion is of a rare-earth ion sait in a	used, large	rather excess
This is possible	with ligands which	form	very	stable

anionic complexes with the trivalent rare-earth ion, such that no dissociation (hydrolysis or pyrolysis) occurs in aqueous solution upon heating. Hydrolysis would noteworthy lead to précipitâtes and corresponding nozzle obstruction.

An example of such a ligand is the dianion of dipicolinic acid, dpa2-, which forms a stable, highly water-soluble 1:3 complex with trivalent rare-earth ions such as Eu(3+), according to the formula:

Eu³⁺ -> [Eu(dpa)] ⁺ [Eu(dpa)₂]~ [Eu(dpa)3)^3_ which does not hydrolyze in agueous solution.

Thus, according to the présent invention, a neat complex sait of the following formula is used as the luminescent ink component:

M₃[Ln (A) ₃J wherein M is chosen from the alkali cations Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Rb⁺ and Cs⁺ and the mixtures thereof;

wherein Ln is chosen from the trivalent rare-earth cations of Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Yb and the mixtures thereof;

and wherein A is a dinegatively charged, tridentate 5- or

6-membered heteroaryl ligand, such as the dipicolinate anion.

The use of such neat complex sait avoids any unnecessary excess of free ligand in the ink, reducing thus its overall solid content, and therewith its tendency to obstruct (to clog) the inkjet nozzles through kogation or drying.

These and other features and advantages of the présent invention will be more readily understood from a reading of the following detailed description by those of ordinary skill in the art. It is to be appreciated that certain features of the invention which are, for clarity, described above and below in the context of separate embodiments, may also be provided in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features of the invention that are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, may also be provided separately or in any subcombination. Further, reference to values stated in ranges include each and every value within that range.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION:

According to the présent invention the aqueous inkjet ink composition comprises at least one luminescent lanthanide complex of the formula:

M₃[Ln(A)₃] wherein M is chosen from the alkali cations Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Rb⁺ and Cs⁺ and the mixtures thereof;

wherein Ln is chosen from the trivalent rare-earth cations of Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Yb;

and wherein A is a dinegatively charged, tridentate 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl ligand, such as the dipicolinate anion, in which the complex has an exact 1: 3 (Ln:A) stoichiometry.

The process to obtain the complex M3[Ln(A)3] of the présent invention comprises the step of reacting a precursor compound of a trivalent lanthanide ion Ln with 3 équivalents of the dinegatively charged, tridentate 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl ligand A in the presence of at least 3 équivalents of the alkali cation M.

As a precursor compound of a trivalent lanthanide ion Ln, an oxide Ln₂O₃, a chloride, LnCl₃, a carbonate, Ln₂(CO₃)3 or an acetate, Ln(CH₃COO)3 may be used.

The dinegatively charged, tridentate 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl ligand A may be employed as the free acid H₂A, together with the required amount of base, as the monoalkali-salt HMA, or as the dialkali sait M₂A.

The components of the complex sait are combined in aqueous solution, e.g.:

EuC1₃ + 3 Na₂(dpa) -> Na₃ [Eu (dpa) ₃] + 3 NaCl and the resulting complex sait is preferably recrystallized, so as to separate it from byproducts of the reaction, such as NaCl, which are not désirable to achieve the goal of the invention, i.e. an ink with the lowest possible solid contents.

The advantage of the recrystallization process is to provide a lanthanide complex sait with a minimal by-product content. This has an impact on the solubility of the complex and an on the drying or kogation phenomena. In a preferred embodiment the concentration of Cl^- présent with the complex sait, is below 0.1% Cl^- of the total weight of the complex sait or 0.17% NaCl, respectively. To obtain high quality of print, the final chloride content of the complex sait should not exceed 0.1% wt. In case of an acceptable print quality, the chloride content of the complex sait is comprised between 0.1%wt and 0.25%wt.

In a preferred embodiment the dinegatively charged, tridentate 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl ligand A is selected from the group consisting of pyridine, imidazole, triazole, pyrazole, pyrazine bearing at least one carboxylic acid group. The 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl of the présent invention bearing at least one carboxylic group can be further substituted by a group hydroxyl, amino, a Ci-C₆~ alkoxy, such as a methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, etc. group or a Ci-Cg-alkyl, such as a methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, etc. group.

Spécifie dinegatively charged, tridentate 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl ligands A used in the complex salts of the invention are selected from the group consisting of dipicolinic acid, 4-hydroxypyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid,

4-amino-2,6-pyridinecarboxylic acid , 4-ethoxypyridine-2,6dicarboxylic acid, 4-isopropoxypyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid and/or 4-methoxypyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid.

In a more preferred embodiment the dinegatively charged, tridentate 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl ligand A présent in the ink according to the présent invention is selected from the group consisting of dipicolinic acid and/or 4hydroxypyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid and the trivalent lanthanide ion is of Europium (Eu3+) and/or Terbium (Tb3+). In most preferred embodiment, dipolinic acid or 49 hydroxypyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid are used in combination with europium (Eu3+).

The percentage of the lanthanides complex sait in the aqueous inkjet ink of the présent invention is between 1 to 15 wt% based on the total weight of the composition, more preferably 1 to 8 wt% and even more preferably 1 to 3 wti.

Ail the above lanthanide complexes show a strong absorption in the ultraviolet région of the electromagnetic spectrum. According to Figure 1, an aqueous ink of the présent invention, based on [Eu(dpa)3]^3_ shows a strong red émission with a maximum at 617nm when exposed to 254 nm ÜV light.

The aqueous ink according to the présent invention is suitable for thermal ink-jet printing which is an efficient inkjet printing technique for the coding and marking of products, packages or documents of value.

In order to prevent the prématuré drying of the aqueous ink composition according to the présent invention during the printing process, the aqueous inkjet ink of the invention further comprises at least one hygroscopic substance. The hygroscopic substance is selected each independently from the group consisting of primary, secondary or tertiary alcohol, lactams, polymeric glycols, glycol, cyclic sulfones.

In a more preferred embodiment the hygroscopic substance is selected each independently from the group consisting of DL-hexane-1,2-diol, 2-pyrrolidone, sulfolane, tetramethylene suifoxide, gamma-butyrolactone, 1,310 dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, 2-propanediol, pentanediol, 1,2 hexanediol, trimethylolpropane, glycerol, ethyleneglycol, diethyleneglycol, polypropyleneglycol, polyethyleneglycol, éthanol, propanol, butanol.

The percentage of the hygroscopic substance in the aqueous ink of the invention is between 5 to 45% based on the total weight of the composition, more preferably 10 to 45% and even more preferably 20 to 45%.

The aqueous ink composition according to the invention can also further include at least one visible dyestuff or pigment which would give color to the présent ink when admixed to it. In a preferred embodiment the visible dyestuff or pigment is selected from the group consisting of monoazo and/or disazo dyes, monoazo Cu-complexes dyes. Example of such dyestuff can be those produced by CIBA company under the name or IRGASPERSE Jet®.The aqueous ink composition according to the invention futher contains 1 to 15 wt% of a visible dyestuff or pigment, based on the total weight of the composition.

Depending on the nature of the security documents to be imprinted, the printing ink according to the présent invention can furthermore comprise customary additives, such as, for example, fungicides, biocides surfactants, sequestering agents, pH adjusters, co solvents or binders, such as, for example, acrylate binders, in the amounts customary for these additives.

Another object of the présent invention is the use of the aqueous ink according the présent invention for authenticating an article, such as a banknote, a passport, a security document, a value document, a ticket, a foil, a thread, a label, a card, or a commercial good.

It is also another object of the présent invention to provide a security document comprising at least one layer made with an ink according to the invention.

The invention is further illustrated by the following nonlimiting examples. Percentages are by weight. Those skilled in the art will recognize that many variations are possible within the spirit and scope of these examples, which are intended to be defined by the following claims and their équivalents in which ail terms are meant in their broadest reasonable sense unless otherwise indicated.

Figure 1 shows the luminescence spectrum of an inkjet print of a Na₃ [Eu(dpa) 3] containing ink, excited at 254 nm. Strong red émission with a maximum at 617nm can be observed under 254 nm excitation.

Examples :

1.1 Synthesis of Na₃ [Eu (dpa) 3] *nH₂O

315g of 2, β-pyridinedicarboxylic acid were dissolved in 5.41 of distilled water at 90°C. A solution of 230g EuC1₃*6H₂O in 250 ml of water was added under continuous stirring. Then the mixture was allowed to cool down to room température and neutralized with a 2M solution of NaOH until the pH reached a value in-between 7.5-8.5.

Once the pH was stable, the solution was evaporated to dryness. The resulting powder was re-dissolved in hot water at a solid/liquid ratio of 1/2.25. To crystallize the product, the solution was slowly cooled down to room. température. The crystallized product was filtered and then dried.

1.2 Synthesis of Na₃ [Tb (dpa) ₃J *nH₂O

315g of 2, 6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid were dissolved in 5.41 of distilled water at 90°C. Then a solution of 235g TbCl₃*6H2O in 250 ml of water was added. The cooled down solution was neutralized with 2M NaOH until the pH reached a value of 7.5-8.5. Once the pH was stable, the solution was filtered and concentrated up to a final reaction volume of 1.51. Then the precipitate was re-dissolved at 90 °C and the product was allowed to crystallize over-night. The product was then isolated by passing through a centrifugal drier. To increase the purity of the final product, the powder can be re-dispersed in a mixture of water and ice. The washed powder can finally be filtered and dried.

1.3 Example of formulation of an Ink containing a complex according to the invention:

Black with fluorescent red (254 nm):

To a solution of deionized water (204 g) are added 2pyrrolidone (30 g) and 1,2-hexanediol (15 g). The solution is stirred at 500-600 rpm in order to obtain a homogenized solution. 15g of Na₃ [Eu (dpa) ₃] are added to the solution, then heated at 4 0°C until the complex is totally solubilized. The solution is cooled to ambient température, and then 18g of Irgasperse® Jet Cyan RL, 13.65 g Irgasperse ® Jet yellow RL and 4.35g Irgasperse ® Jet Magenta B are added, the mixture is stirred at 500-600 rpm around 20 minutes. After stirring, the solution is fïltered to remove ail insoluble compounds and unreacted products.

The black ink obtained is packaged in a HP45 cartridge and used with a Deskjet printer of the 960Cxi, 970Cxi, 980Cxi or 990 Cxi sériés. Fluorescence at 254nm is checked using a fisher Bioblock Scientific VL-4.LC lamp is well visible.

In order to assess ink stability, two tests were performed:

Printing of 200 pages in a row followed by 2 to 4 days interruption and restart for another 400 pages.

Short print tests are made after 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks and then every 4 weeks over a 6 month period.

No problems of printing and drying occurred with the ink according to the présent invention during the stability tests. In ail cases fluorescence intensity remained unchanged at very satisfactory level.

Claims (18)

1. Aqueous inkjet ink composition comprising at least one luminescent lanthanide complex of the formula:

M₃[Ln (A) ₃] wherein M is chosen from the alkali cations Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Rb⁺ and Cs⁺ and the mixtures thereof;

wherein Ln is chosen from the trivalent rare-earth cations of Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Yb and the mixtures thereof;

and wherein A is a dinegatively charged, tridentate 5or 6-membered heteroaryl ligand.

2. The aqueous ink composition according to claim 1 wherein the lanthanide complex is a recrystallized product having exact stoichiometry of 1:3.

3. The aqueous ink composition according to any of the preceding claims wherein no excessive ligand A in free form is présent in the ink.

4. The aqueous ink composition according to any of the preceding claims wherein its final Cl” content does not exceed 0.1% based of the total weight of the complex

5. The aqueous ink composition according to any of the preceding claims wherein its final Cl” content is comprised between 0.1% and 0.25% based on the total weight of the complex.

6. The aqueous ink composition according to any of the preceding claims further including at least one hygroscopic substance. 7. The aqueous ink composition according to any of the preceding claims further including at least one visible dyestuff or pigment. 8. The aqueous ink composition according to any of the preceding claims which contains 1-15 wt% of

luminescent lanthanide complexes, based on the total weight of the composition.

9. The aqueous ink composition according to claim 6 which contains 5 to 45 wt% of hygroscopic substance, based on the total weight of the composition.

10. The aqueous ink composition according to claim 7 which contains 1 to 15 wt% of a visible dyestuff or pigment, based on the total weight of the composition.

11. The aqueous ink composition according to claims 6 and 9 wherein the hygroscopic substance is selected each independently from the group consisting of primary, secondary or tertiary alcohol, lactams, polymeric glycol, glycol, cyclic'sulfone.

12. The aqueous ink composition according to claims 6 and 9 wherein the hygroscopic substance is selected each independently from the group consisting of DLhexane-1,2-diol, 2-pyrrolidone, sulfolane, tetramethylene sulfoxide, gamma-butyrolactone, 1,316 dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, 2-propanediol, pentanediol, 1,2 hexanediol, trimethylolpropane, glycerol, ethyleneglycol, diethyleneglycol, polypropyleneglycol, polyethyleneglycol, éthanol, propanol, butanol.

13. The aqueous ink composition according to claim 7 wherein the visible dyestuff or pigment is selected from the group consisting of monoazo and/or disazo dyes, monoazo Cu-complexes dyes.

14. The aqueous ink composition according to any of the preceding claims wherein the dinegatively charged, tridentate 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl ligand A is selected from the group consisting of pyridine, imidazole, triazole, pyrazole, pyrazine, bearing at least one carboxylic group.

15. The aqueous ink composition according to any of the preceding claims wherein A is dipicolinic acid and/or 4-hydroxypyridine-2, 6-dicarboxylic acid and wherein Ln is chosen from the trivalent ions of Europium (Eu3+) and/or Terbium (Tb3+).

16. Use of the aqueous ink according to any of the preceding claims for authenticating an article, such as a banknote, passport, a security document, a value document, a ticket, a foil, a thread, a label, a card, or a commercial good.

17. A security document comprising at least one layer made with an ink according to claim 1 to 15.

18. Process to obtain the complex M₃[Ln(A)₃] of the présent invention, comprising the step of reacting a precursor compound of a trivalent lanthanide ion Ln with 3 équivalents of the dinegatively charged, tridentate 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl ligand A in the presence of at least 3 équivalents of the alkali cation M.

19. Process according to claim 18, wherein the precursor compound of the trivalent lanthanide ion Ln is selected from the group consisting of the oxides Ln₂O₃, the chlorides LnCl₃, the carbonates Ln₂(CO₃)₃ and the acétates Ln(CH₃COO)₃.

20. Process according to one of claims 18 or 19, wherein the dinegatively charged tridentate 5- or 6membered heteroaryl ligand A is employed as the free acid H₂A together with the required amount of base, or as the monoalkali-salt HMA, or as the dialkali sait M₂A.

21. Process according to one of claims 18 to 20, wherein the components of the complex sait are combined in aqueous solution, and the resulting complex sait is recrystallized so as to separate it from byproducts of the reaction.