OA17018A - Subsystems for a water current power generation system. - Google Patents

Abstract

Various subsystems for a submerged or waterborne system used to generate power derived from fast-moving water currents using an induction-type generator system equipped with one or more fin-ring propellers are disclosed. Many of the systems and subsystems shown and described herein are individually suitable for use in systems using conventional generator drive systems and other means of power creation. Means for transmission of power generated by such systems, tethering and mooring systems, and methods for improving system transportation, installation and maintenance are also disclosed.

Description

SUBSYSTEMS FOR A

WATER CURRENT POWER GENERATION SYSTEM

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The présent Invention relates generally to renewable energy power génération Systems, and In a parti eu la r though non-limiting embodiment, to subsystems for a submerged or waterbome System for generating power derived from fast-moving water currents using an Induction-type generator System equlpped with one or more fin-ring propellers.

In addition to the illustrative embodiments presented In this disciosure, many of the Systems and subsystems described and claimed hereln are Indivldually suitable for Systems using conventional generator drive Systems and other means of power création.

Means for transmission of power generated by such Systems to neighboring power grids, mooring Systems, and method and means for installing and malntalning components of such Systems are also disclosed.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

With the rislng cost of fossil fuels and increased energy demand in the world’s économies and industries, different and more efficient methods of developing energy sources are constantly belng sought. Of particular Interest are renewable alternative energy sources, such as solar power devices with batteries, windmlll farms, tidal power génération, wave generators, and Systems deriving power from sequestered hydrogen.

However, such energy sources are not yet capable of delivering continuous power to a wldespread area on a commercial scale. Moreover, some proposed technologies, such as hydrogen powered Systems Involving the refinement of seawater, actually consume more power In the conversion process than is output at the end of the System.

Others, such as hydrogen derived from methane, produce equal or greater amounts of fossil fuel émissions than the conventional oil-based technologies they are intended to replace, and still others, such as battery, solar and windmill based Systems, require such consistent exposure to significant sunlight or wlnds that their commercial effectiveness Is Inherently limited.

One proposed alternative energy System involves the harnessing of hydro power derived from fast moving water currents, for example, currents having peak flow velocities of 2 m/s or more.

In practice, however, existing underwater power generating devices hâve proven inadéquate, even where installed at sites where current velocities are conslstently very fast. This is due, at least in part, to both a lack of efficient means for generating the power and lack of suitable power transformation Systems necessary to compensate for incompatibilities between underwater power generating Systems and attendant land or waterbome power relay stations.

Existing propelier designs and waterbome power generating mechanisms hâve also proven to be inadéquate, failing to provide either adéquate energy génération or sufficient stability against maximum or velocity currents.

To capture a significant amount of kinetic energy from flowing océan currents, the affected area must be expansive. As a resuit, existing marine propelier designs employ prohibitîvely large, heavy and expensive structures made from currentiy known heavy métal and composite meta! technologies. Moreover, these marine propellers create cavitation issues originating from the tips of the propelier blades moving through surrounding water.

Another significant problem is the environmental Issues associated with obtaining energy from water currents without damaging surrounding aquatic life, such as reefs, marine follage, schools of fish, etc.

There Is, therefore, an important and as yet unmet need for a water current power génération System and accompanying subsystems that overcome the problems currentiy existing in the art, and which generate and compatibly transfer a significant amount of power to a relay station in a safe, reliable, and environmentally-friendly manner. Safe and efficient field-level configurations, reliable and repeatable moorlng Systems, and methods and means for instaliing and maintaining such Systems are also required.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A consolidation facility for consolidating power generated by a plurality of water current power génération Systems Is provided, wherein each of the power génération Systems inciudes at least one or more submerged flotation chambers. One or more of the submerged flotation chambers further inciudes at least one or more buoyant fluid isolation chambers, and one or more of the *

Isolation chambers further Includes a buoyant fluid disposed therein, a buoyant fluid Intake valve, a buoyant fluid exit valve, and a buoyant fluid source control means.

The power génération units also Include one or more submerged induction type power génération units disposed in communication with the flotation chambers; one or more propellers disposed In communication with the power generator units; a mooring System; and a generated power output means.

The consolidation facility further Includes means for receiving power generated by said power génération Systems, transferring or exporting power via the output means, and delivering consolidated power to a neighboring power grid, either directly or following transfer to an intervening power transformation device.

The consolidation facility may be located on the océan floor, In mid-water, or floating on the surface. In one spécifie example, a floating or submerged SPAR (a stable platform with a suitable deep draft or other huit) Is used as a consolidation facility; altematively, a submerged structure will offer greater freedom for vessel navigation In the area.

The consolidation facility is optimally moored in a secure fashion, for example, using a poly rope, whlch can be formed from a portion wound in a single direction; two or more layered portions wound In altemate directions; combined or replaced with métal cabling; and/or wrapped around the consolidated power output line.

The power génération pods and propellers can be installed and maintained by rotating them Into a horizontal position. While still In the water, a buoyant center nose cône gives the propellers adéquate flotation to reach the surface and maximum stability from wind, current or other weather conditions once at the surface level. In this manner, installation and maintenance of the units are safely and efficiently achieved.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The embodiments disclosed herein will be better understood, and numerous objects, features, and advantages made apparent to those skilled in the art by referencing the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 is a side view of a water current power energy génération System according to one example embodiment of the Invention.

Figure 2 is a front view of a water ouïrent power energy génération System according to a second example embodiment of the invention.

Figure 3 is a plan view of a ballast tube having a plurality of iabyrinth type isolation chambers according to a third embodiment of the invention.

Figure 4A is a top view of a water current power energy génération System according to a fourth example embodiment of the invention.

Figure 4B 1s a top view of the example embodiment depicted in Figure 4A, further inciuding an associated tether anchoring System.

Figure 5 Is a front view of an example propeller System embodiment suitable for use in connection with a submerged or waterbome power génération system.

Figure 6 is a perspective view of the example propeller System embodiment depicted in Figure 5, with a detailed portion of the system isolated for additional perspective.

Figure 7 is an isolated view of a portion of the example propeller system embodiment depicted in Figures 5 and 6.

Figure 8 is a side view of an example water current power génération system further comprising a drag mounted propeller array.

Figure 9 is a rear view of the example water current power génération system depicted ln Figure 8, whereln an even number of propellers facllitate offsetting rotational forces In a drag mounted array

Figure 10 ls a schematic view of an example water current power génération farm comprising a plurality of linked power génération Systems.

Figure 11 Is a schematic view of a permanently moored direct power génération System In which no flotation skid or Spar Is used.

Figure 12 is a slde view of a four-unitflip design power génération system.

Figure 13 is a top view of Figure 12, agaln comprising a four-unit flip design power génération and propeller system

Figure 14 is a front view of a four-unit flip design power génération and propeller System.

Figure 15 is a four-unit flip design power génération and propeller System, showing the generator pods and associated propellers in a flipped position suitable for Installation and maintenance.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF SEVERAL EXAMPLE EMBODiMENTS

The description that foilows indudes a number of exemplary System designs and methods of use that embody advantages of the presentiy Inventive subject matter. However, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill In the art that the disclosed embodiments will admit to practice without some of the spécifie details recited herein. In other Instances, welkknown subsea and power generating equipment, protocols, structures and techniques hâve not been described or shown in detail In order to avoid obfuscation of the Invention.

Figure 1 depicts a first example embodiment of a water current power génération System 101. In its simplest form, the System comprises one or more of a flotation tube 102, a ballast tube 103, and an induction type power génération unit 104 equipped with a shaft-driven propeller 105.

While Figure 1 depicts only a single flotation tube 102, ballast unit 103 and generator component 104, larger Systems comprising a pluraiity of any or ail such structures is also contemplated. In any event, those of skill in the pertinent arts will readily appreciate that the instant description of a limited System with singular éléments Is merely illustrative, and is not intended to limit the scope of the subject matter with respect to plural members of any of the éléments disclosed herein.

In one example embodiment, a power génération unit 104 (for example, an Induction type power génération unit) produces electrical power that can be output either with or without transformation as either an aiternating current (AC) or a direct current (DC) to an associated relay station or other means for faciiitating transfer of power from offshore to a neighboring power grid or the like.

Generally, asynchronous induction-type generators are mechanically and electrically simpler than other types of synchronous electrical power generators or direct current (DC) generators. An Induction motor converts to an outputting power generator when the energy for the magnetic field cornes from the stator or when the rotor has permanent magnets creating a magnetic field thereby imparting négative slip. They also tend to be more rugged and durable, usually requiring neither brushes nor commutators. In most cases, a regular AC asynchronous motor is used as the generator, without any internai modifications.

In normal motor operation, the stator flux rotation of the motor is set by the power frequency (typically around 50 or 60 Hertz) and is faster than the rotor rotation. This causes stator flux to induce rotor currents, which in tum créâtes rotor flux having a magnetic polarity opposite the stator. In this manner, the rotor is dragged along behind the stator flux in value equal to the slip.

A three-phase asynchronous (e.g., cage wound) induction machine will, when operated slower than its synchronous speed, fonction as a motor; the same device, however, when operated faster than its synchronous speed, will fonction as an induction generator.

In generator operation, a prime mover of some sort (e.g.., a turbine, engine, propeller drive

I shaft, etc.) drives the rotor above the synchronous speed. Stator flux still induces currents in the rotor, but since the opposing rotor flux is now cutting the stator colis, active current is produced In stator coils, and thus the motor is now operating as a generator capable of sending power back toward a neighboring electrical grid.

Therefore, Induction generators can be used to produce alternating electrical power whenever an internai shaft is rotated faster than the synchronous frequency. In various embodiments of the présent invention, shaft rotation is accomplished by means of an associated propeller 105 disposed in a relatively fast moving water current, though other methods and means of shaft rotation could also be conceived and applied to similar effect.

Since they do not hâve permanent magnets in the rotor, one limitation of induction generators is that they are not self-excitlng; accordingly, they require either an externat power supply (as could easily be obtained from the grid using an umbilical run either through the water or beneath an associated seafloor), or soft started by means of a reduced voltage starter in order to produce an initial rotation magnetic flux.

Reduced voltage starters can lend important advantages to the System, such as quickly determinlng appropriate opérations! frequencies, and permitting an unpowered restart in the event the attendant power grid is deactivated for some reason, for example, as a resuit of damage caused by a hurricane or other naturel disaster.

Power derived from the System will. at least In some cases, likely be used to supplément a neighboring power grid System, and thus the operating frequencles of the grid will in large part dictate the frequency of operation for the power génération System, For example, the vast majority of large power grid Systems currently employ a nominal operating frequency of between 50 and 60 Hertz.

Another important considération for large waterbome power generating Systems is the establishment of a well-balanced flotational equiiibrium that aliows for continuous dynamic position regardless of surroundïng current velocities.

Even assuming that surroundïng current velocities remain within a predetermined range of acceptable operating velocities, System equiiibrium could still be jeopardized by an especially powerful hurricane or the like, but disposition of the system well under the line of typical wave force, /.e., approximately 100-150 feet deep or so, will greatly reduce such disturbances. The various offsetting forces of gravitational kips, flotation kips, drag klps and holding kips will also contribute to the overall stability of a continuous water current energy generating System.

The flotation tube 102 illustrated in Figure 1 comprises a cylindrical body portion disposed in mechanical communication with at least one end cap unit 104 that houses the aforementioned Induction generators. The generators and associated end cap housings contain a drive shaft and, In some embodiments, related planetary gearing for propeller 105.

In some embodiments, flotation tube 102 comprises a cubical or hexagonal shape, though effective practice of the Invention will admit to other geometries as well. In a presently preferred embodiment, flotation tube 102 is approximately cylindrical, and pressurized with gas (e.g., air or another safe, buoyant gas) so that, when the system is restrained by anchored tether 106, the combined forces will constitute the primary lifting force for the océan current energy generating system.

Accordingly, the system can be raised to the surface for maintenance or Inspection by tuming off the generators, thereby reducing drag on the system, which aliows the system to rise somewhat toward the surface. By opening the flotation tube(s) and/or evacuating fluid from the ballast tube(s), the unit can be safely and reliably floated to the surface so that maintenance or inspection can be performed.

According to a method of moving the System, tether 106 can also be released, so that the floating structure can be towed or otherwise powered toward land or another operating site.

The example embodiment depicted in Figure 2 is a front view of the power génération System 201, equipped with a plurality of relatively large, slow moving propellers 206 disposed in mechanical communication with the shaft members of induction generator units 204 and 205. As seen in greater detail in Figure 4A, the generator units are disposed within end cap units housed within flotation tubes 102, as well as across the span of a lattice type body portion of the System disposed between the flotation tubes.

Tuming now to Figure 3, a detailed view of the inside of the ballast tubes previously depicted as item 103 in Figure 1 is provided, in which a plurality of labyrinth type isolation chambers are joined in such a manner that séparation and mixture of various gases and liquids can be used to permit much finer control of the balance and flotational forces présent in the System than can be obtained by means of floatation tubes 102 alone.

As seen in the illustrated embodiment, an interior ballast System 301 formed within a ballast tube comprises an air control source 302 disposed in fluid communication with an overpressure check valve and a first isolation chamber 303.

First isolation chamber 303 contains both a dry gas (e.g., air having a pressure equal to the surrounding outside water pressure) présent in an upper portion of the chamber, and a fluid (e.g., seawater drawn in from outside the isolation chamber) présent in a lower portion of the chamber.

First isolation chamber 303 also comprises a secondary air feed line 305 for distributing air to other gas-filled compartments of the structure, as well as lines for mixtures of gas and fluid from first isolation chamber 303 to second isolation chamber 304. Second isolation chamber 304 in turn comprises an upper portion containing air and a lower portion containing water or the like, which are separated by an isolation cylinder. In other embodiments, the isolation cylinder contains sea water upon which floats a barder fluid In order to ensure better isolation between the air and seawater.

In further embodiments, either (or both) of the first and second isolation chambers 303, 304 is equipped with instrumentation (e.g., pressure sensors or differential pressure sensors) to détermine whether fluid or air is présent in a particular cavity of the System. In still further embodiments, such sensors are input into a loglcal control System (not shown) used to assist in the détection and control of balance and thrust related measurements.

The process of advancing air through the System in upper portions of the tanks whiie ensuring that water or other liquide remain In the lower portions is continued until desired balance and control characteristics are obtained. Ultimately, a final Isolation chamber 306 is provided, which, in the depicted embodiment, comprises an air outlet valve 309 used to let air out of the System and, in some circumstances, water Into the System.

A pressure safety valve 307 is provided in the event Internai pressures become so great that venting of pressure Is required in order to maintain the Integrity of System control, and an open water flow valve 308 fitted with a screen to prevent accidentai entry by sea créatures is disposed in a lower portion of the isolation tank 306.

Again, barrîer fluids and the like can be used to reduce interaction between air and water, and when the System is fitted with a float control floating on top of the sea water, the barrîer fluid will be retained even after ail of the sea water is expelled. Also, greater stability can be achleved in the tanks using a sériés of baffles to ensure water trapped In the tanks does not move quickly within the chambers, which would otherwise tend to disrupt balance and control. Moreover, multiple tanks and sectionaiization will be employed to address possible unit tilt, so that water and gas are appropriately diverted to prevent excessive tilt.

Figure 4A présents a top view of one embodiment of the System 401, which in this Instance comprises a first flotation tube 402 and a second flotation tube 403; a connecting, lattice like body portion 404 disposed therebetween; a plurality of induction generators 405,406 positioned strategically around the floatation tubes and the body portions; a plurality of propellers 407 disposed in mechanical communication with the generators; and a plurality of tethering members 408,409 disposed In mechanical communication with the flotation tubes 402,403.

In the exampie embodiment depicted in Figure 4B, tethering members 408 and 409 are joined to form a single anchoring tether 410 that Is affixed in a known manner to anchoring member 411.

In various embodiments, anchoring tether 410 further comprises means for variabiy restraining and reieasing the System. In various other embodiments, anchoring tether 410 terminâtes at an anchoring member 411 equipped with a tether termination device (not shown). Anchoring member 411 comprises any type of known anchor (e.g., a dead-weight anchor, suction anchor, etc.) suitable for malntalning a fixed position in fast moving currents, which are usualîy found in locations with rocky seafioors due to soit érosion caused by the fast moving currents.

In stili other embodiments, this portion of the station can be secured by attaching anchoring tether 410 to either a surface vessel or another océan current energy generating device, or to another central mooring location such as a floating dynamic positioning buoy.

Tuming now to example propeller system embodiments discussed only very generally above, Figures 5-7 depict severat spécifie though non-lîmiting example embodiments of a propeller System suitable for use with the water current power génération System disclosed herein.

Those of ordinary skill in the pertinent arts will also appreciate, however, that while the example propeller Systems disclosed herein are described with référencé to a water current power génération system driven by an Induction-type power generator, the example propeller Systems can also be used in connection with other types of submerged or waterborne power génération Systems to achleve many of the same advantages taught herein.

Figure 5, for exampie, is a front view of an example propeller system embodiment suitable for use in connection with a submerged or waterborne power génération system.

As depicted, propeller 501 comprises a plurality of alternating fin sets and enclosing rings, which will hereinafter be referred to as a “fin-ring configuration. Such fin-ring propellers wouid typically be designed to spécification for each particutar application, and improved efficiency will be realized by tailoring the diameter, circumference, fin curvature and disposition eccentricity, matériel sélections, etc., based on the operational frequencies required by the induction generators, the speed of surrounding water currents, environmental considérations (e.g., whether the propellers should hâve openings or voids through which fish or other aquatic tife may pass), and so on.

Similarly, neighboring sets of propeliers can be rotated in opposite directions (e.g., either clockwise or counterclockwise, as representatively depicted in Figure 2) in order to create eddies or dead zones in front of the propellers, which can repet or otherwise protect marine life, enhance propeller rotation efficiency, efc.

When used in connection with a water current power génération system driven by an inductiontype power generator, the only firm operational requirement for the propellers is that they are r

capable of rotating associated generator shafts at the speeds required to obtain operational generator frequencies.

However, it is highly désirable that the System as a whole remains passive with respect to interaction with local marine life, and optimal performance results are achieved when the System generates the required power output while still malntalning an environmentally neutral operating environment.

Beglnning in the center of the devlce, it Is seen that propeller 501 is disposed around a hub or shaft portion 502 that both holds the propeller 501 securely (e.g., by means of mechanical affixation, such as encapsulated rust-resistant fasteners, welding a propeller body or multiple pièces of a propeller body to a shaft into a single unitary whole, etc.) and imparts a rotational torque proportional to the angular momentum of the rotating propeller onto the shaft for delivery to the power generator.

In some embodiments, hub or shaft portion 502 further comprises a flotation means to improve the mechanical connection of the fin-ring propeller to the shaft, and to prevent overhang of the propeiler that would otherwise tend to deform or stress the shaft. Like the affixation means, drive shafts appropriate for this task currently exist in the art of record, and may comprise, for example, a sériés of gears and/or clutches, braking Systems, etc., as would be required to effectively communicate the propeller*s rotational torque to the generator shaft.

In one spécifie embodiment, a retaining fastener such as a boit and washer assembly or the like is removed from the end of a drive shaft, the fin-ring propeller structure is slipped over the exposed shaft, and then the fastener is replaced, thereby mechanically affixing the fin-ring structure to the shaft. Optimally, the fastener would then be covered by a buoyant water-tight cover or the like as representatively depicted in Figure 6, item 601.

In other embodiments, a central hub comprises the connection point mechanical communication with a large shaft, whlch can be either installed or removed and replaced as a single structure so that the propeller can be easily servlced and maintained while in the water.

In other embodiments. the System further comprises a flotation means in order to resist the overhanging load of the shaft and propeller assembly. For example, liquid foam or other light fluid chemicals, or even compressed air, can be loaded Into a nose cône that fits over the end of a propeller hub, so that the propeller is free to rotate around a drive shaft behind the buoyant ü

Λ' nose cône, thereby lifting the weight of the assembly so that heavy overhanging loads are avoided.

Similarly, the propellers (especlally the front propellers In a submerged System, which absorb most of the force of the water current) can be drag mounted to overcome résistance attributable 5 to cumulative fluid pressure against the fin-ring structure.

Regardless of how the propeller is affixed to the shaft and whether it is drag mounted and/or supported by a flotation member, the exemplary embodiment of the fin-ring design depicted herein is generally similar across a multitude of other, related embodiments suitable for practice within the System. .

For example, in the embodiment depicted in Figure 5, the hub attachment assembly 502 is concentrically surrounded by a first ring member 503, beyond which (/.e., further out from the hub assembly) Is a second ring member 506. Dîsposed between first ring member 503 and second ring member 506 is a plurality of fin members 504, each of which is separated by a gap 505.

The gap space between fin members 504 will vary by application, but as a general matter the gaps between fins will increase In size from the inner most ring (in which the gaps are typically the smallest) to the outermost rings (where the gap space is the largest).

Other configurations admit to gaps of similar sizes, or even larger gaps on inner rings than on outer rings, but an advantage of a mostly solid inner ring surface, wherein most of the entirety of 20 the ring's possible surface area is utilized by fins rather than gaps, is that the structure will tend to force fluid pressure away from the center of the structure toward the outermost rings and beyond the perimeter of the device.

This approach helps the propeller rotate more easily, and more than sufficiently addresses environmental concerne by forcing small marine life and the like toward the outside of the 25 System, so that they can either avoid the propeller structure altogether, or else pass through one of the slow moving larger gaps In the outer rings.

Since résistance against the structure is reduced and greater rotational torque Is transmitted to the drive shafts with iess drag and loss, the propeller can also be rotated very slowly (in one example embodiment generating satisfactory field results, the propeller rotâtes at a speed of 30 only 8 RPM), further ensuring that marine life will be able to avoid the structure and enhancing environmental neutrality and safety. The slow rotational speeds also make the System more rugged, durable and less likely to suffer damage if contacted by débris or a submerged object floating nearby.

Successive concentric rings of fins 507 and gaps 508 disposed within additional approximately 5 circular rings 509 are then added to the structure, thereby creating additional concentric rings of fins and gaps 510-512 until the desired circumference has been achieved. In a presently preferred embodiment, the gap spaces 514 of the outermost ring are the largest gap spaces in the system, and separate fins 513 to the system’s greatest extent.

A final ring member 515 encloses the outer periphery of the propeller system, again providtng 10 further environmental protection, as marine life inadvertently striking the outside ring 515 will encounter only a glancing blow against a slowly-moving structure, while water and fluid pressures are forced away from the device as much as possible.

As seen in the boxed région 603 of Figure 6 (which generally depicts the example embodiment of Figure 5, though with the hub attachment portion covered with a water-proof cap 601 or the 15 like), the pitch of fins 602 measured relative to the plane of the fin-ring assembly can be altered.

For example, the fins can be disposed with greater eccentricity as their position within the assembly is advanced from the first ring surrounding the central hub toward the outermost rings. Disposing fins 602 at a flatter pitch within the interior rings and more eccentrically (i.e., in a plane more perpendicular to the assembly plane) In the outer rings will tend to flatten and 20 smooth the water flow around the propeller, thereby achleving superior fluid flow characteristics (which minimizes system vibration), creating less résistance against the propeller structure, and providing a greater surrounding centrifugal fluid force to assure that marine life avoids the center of the propeller system.

On the other hand, propellers having fin arrays arranged such that fins closest to the hub hâve 25 the greatest eccentricity measured relative to the plane of the propeller as a whole, and then flattening out as the fins are arranged toward the outside of the propeller system (as Is typical with a boat or submarine propeiler, for example) may also yield the best results in terms of vibration réduction, harmonies and overall system performance.

In the example embodiment 701 depicted in Figure 7 (which is représentative of the boxed 30 région 603 in Figure 6), a sériés of curved fins 702, 704, 706, 708 are disposed between gaps

703, 705, 707, 709 of increasing size (note that the center attachment hub from which the smallest concentric rings originate would be located beyond the top of the Figure, e.g., above fin 702 and gap 703).

In the depicted embodiment, fins 702, 704, 706, 708 are also disposed with greater eccentricity 5 as they are installée! further and further from the hub, so that the disposition angle of fin 708 measured relative to the assembly plane would be greater than that of fins 702, 704, 706 disposed neared the center attachment hub.

In the example embodiment depicted in Figure 8, a tethered, submerged water current power génération System is provided In which the entire propeller array is drag mounted, so that power 10 interférence from a front mounted array is avolded, and greater System stability and power efficiency is achieved. As seen, this particular configuration admits to one or more propellers disposed in both an upper drag mount position and a lower drag mount position, though disposition of multiple propeller arrays in either a greater or fewer number of levels is also possible.

In Figure 9. which is essentially a rear view of the alternative embodiment depicted in Figure 8, it is seen that one spécifie though non-limiting embodiment comprises a propeller array having ten total propellers, with six propellers being disposed in a lower drag mount position, and four propellers being disposed in an upper drag mounted position, with the upper position array being further distributed with two propellers on each side of the power génération System.

This particular embodiment has been found to admit to superior power génération characteristics, while stabilizing the attendant System structure by minimizing vibration, and allowing evenly matched pairs of propellers to run in opposite rotational directions.

While such configurations are optimal for certain embodiments of a power génération System, a virtually limltless number of other arrays and disposition configurations can instead be employed 25 when deemed effective in a given operational environment.

As a practical matter, the composition of the entire fin-ring propeller structure would likely be common, for example, ail made from a durable, coated or rust-resistant, lightweight métal. However, differing material compositions between fins and rings is also possible, and other matériels such as metallic composites, hard carbon composites, ceramics, etc., are certalnly 30 possible without departing from the scope of the instant disclosure.

9—

As depicted In Figure 10, when there Is a need for a number of power génération structures in an area, the power System can be consolidated for efficiency, with power and control connections being linked back to a central location, such as a control substation, established nearthe installed units. Thls consolidation of units can occur either on the océan floor, or on (or 5 near) a mid-water fioating structure.

The control substation can be installed on a fioating surface structure like a SPAR, or it can be a submerged control substation, possibly using a buoy System, which can be floated to the surface for maintenance, or even fixed upon the océan floor.

In deep water, an océan floor common connection installation would require more power cables 10 and additional control Systems that would increase the cost and complexity of the system, and would be harder to maintaln than an installation constructed nearer currents at the océan surface.

A mid-floating structure constructed using éléments simllar to the flotation skids associated with the génération units would provide a common power collection location while not leaving any 15 permanent structure penetrating the water surface. This configuration would also require fewer long power and control lines run to the océan floor, and would leave plenty of draft for ships ln the area.

The third type of common collection location comprises a structure that is moored to the océan floor and floats on the océan surface near the génération units. This approach could comprise 20 many types of different structures, but a SPAR (as shown ln Figure 10) would hâve some of the best characteristics for design and stability during weather events and hurricanes because of its reduced wind and wave profile.

A power consolidated station allows for transformation to a higher transmission voltage, thereby achieving superior and scalable power transfer capacity to a land connected power transmission 25 grid. Allowing for higher transmission voltages also provides installations located further from land with good power transmission results. Uitimate power transformation can be performed ln either the consolidation station or one or more power transformera installed on an océan floor mud mat.

Depending upon other variables, there may also be a need for a land based synchronous 30 device (such as a large synchronous motor or a large variable speed electronic driver) used to stabilize the power grid when offshore océan current génération is significantly greater than the onshore génération grid.

For significant lengths out at sea, it is possible to hâve a DC hlgh voltage power transmission connection run from the consolidation structure ail the way back to the beach. The AC power 5 needed for the individual génération units can be generated from the DC voltage to three-phase

AC In order to power the induction générât ors. At the beach (or near the beach, or even thereafter), the DC is connected to the power grid or smart grid like a typical DC power interconnect.

As depicted in Figure 11, in deeper océan locations, a S PAR need not be supported by flotation 10 skids, and couid therefore serve as a consolidation facility useful for scalably connecting and disconnecting a plurality of individual power génération units. As shown, a SPAR submerged approximately 200-500 feet can be permanently moored to the océan floor using a strong, secure mooring means, such as a thîck poly rope. If the poly rope is first wound in one direction and then covered with a second rope wound in the opposite direction, the combined, alternately 15 wound line will be very strong, and will resist twistlng and knotting.

Recognizing that the weight of steel cabling would affect design aspects with regard to flotation for the consolidation facility, it is also possible to integrate a stranded steel cable mooring line with a power cable enclosed within the center. Poly mooring cable might not be appropriate for this application due to its propensity to stretch.

A separate power cable is run from the SPAR to a transformer or transmission box installed on the bottom of the sea floor, and then run beneath the sea floor toward its ultimate destination.

Yet another approach is to run the power cable through an Interior void of a poly rope or other mooring line, so that there is only a single line extending from the SPAR, and the power cable is protected from damage by the mooring line.

Tuming now to a more powerful, single-station type induction power génération System, (e.g., an embodiment utilizing 40-foot and larger propellers), Figure 12 is a side view of a four-unit flip design power génération System in which a piurality of front mounted induction generators are disposed upon a frame established by flotation skids with connecting members.

At least four 40-foot or larger propellers (depending on current), along with associated génération units, are disposed in mechanical communication with a rotatable shaft or the like and can be rotated, either mechanically or using a logic control system disposed in communication with a pneumatic or hydraulic control system, In order to essentially become top and bottom horizontal axial turbines; then, using the ballast system, the structure can be floated to the surface for safe and efficient access to the génération pods for maintenance and repalr.

Figure 13 Is a top view of the same structure, showîng how to expand system capacities to a 6 or 8 propeller design, or even larger.

Figure 14 depicts a front view of the four unit flip design power génération and propeller system, showing the propellers on a vertical plane while In service and attached to a Y-type mooring line for stability. In some embodiments, as more propellers are added to the system, a spreader bar or other slmilar apparatus is used to impart additlonai stability.

In Figure 15, the four unit flip design power génération and propeller system Is depicted in repose, shown now as flipped Into a configuration useful for transportation, installation and maintenance. In one embodiment, the generator pods are attached to the System frame such that they can rotate approximateiy ninety degrees or more about a shaft disposed In communication with the frame. This rotation can be accomplished either manually, or using a logic control system to rotate the pods about the shaft using an associated rotation means such as a pneumatic rotation means or a hydraulic rotation means.

In another embodiment, ballasts are manipulated within the flotation skids so the génération pods and the propellers turn upward, as would be required for controlled towing when the structure is being delivered to the field, or when maintenance to the propellers, generators, gearing, etc., Is necessary. Thus, when the génération pods and propellers are mostly or fully above the surface level, the propellers do not cause instability to the entire structure due to wind résistance, etc.

While still other aspects of the invention, which In current practice typically comprise devices associated with underwater energy production generally (for example, auxiliary power supply sources, fiber optic control and communication Systems, attendant remote-operated vehicles used to service the power station, etc.), are certainly contemplated as peripherals for use in the deployment, positioning, control and operation of the System, it Is not deemed necessary to describe ail such items in great detail as such other Systems and sub-systems will naturally occur to those of ordinary skill in the pertinent arts.

Though the présent Invention has been depicted and described in detail above with respect to several exemplary embodiments, those of ordinary skill In the art will also appreciate that minor changes to the description, and various other modifications, omissions and additions may also be made without departing from either the spirit or scope thereof.

Claims (2)

1. CLAIMS:

   1. A mooring means for securing a floating or submerged device to the floor a body of water, said means further comprising:

   a poly rope, a fîrst layer of which is wound in a clockwise direction, and a second layer of 5 which is wound in a counterclockwise direction.
2. 2. The mooring means of claim 1, wherein said mooring means further comprises a power transmission cable disposed within a longitudinal void space established therethrough.