OA12543A - Mono-and disubstituted 3-propyl gamma-aminobutyricacids. - Google Patents

Mono-and disubstituted 3-propyl gamma-aminobutyricacids. Download PDF

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OA12543A
OA12543A OA1200300178A OA1200300178A OA12543A OA 12543 A OA12543 A OA 12543A OA 1200300178 A OA1200300178 A OA 1200300178A OA 1200300178 A OA1200300178 A OA 1200300178A OA 12543 A OA12543 A OA 12543A
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aminomethyl
methyl
acid
hexanoic acid
phenoxy
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OA1200300178A
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Thomas Richard Belliotti
Justin Stephen Bryans
Ehoezo Victor Ekhato
Augustine Tobi Osuma
Robert Michael Schelkun
Jacob Bradley Schwarz
Andrew John Thorpe
Wise Lawrence David
David Juergen Wustrow
Po-Wai Yuen
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Warner Lambert Co
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    • C07C229/02—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C229/30—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and unsaturated
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    • C07C229/00—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C229/02—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C229/04—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
    • C07C229/06—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one amino and one carboxyl group bound to the carbon skeleton
    • C07C229/08—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one amino and one carboxyl group bound to the carbon skeleton the nitrogen atom of the amino group being further bound to hydrogen atoms
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    • C07C229/04—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
    • C07C229/20—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated the carbon skeleton being further substituted by halogen atoms or by nitro or nitroso groups
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    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
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    • C07C229/04—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
    • C07C229/22—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated the carbon skeleton being further substituted by oxygen atoms
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    • C07C229/28—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being saturated and containing rings
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    • C07C229/34—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton containing six-membered aromatic rings
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Description

JT/US 012543 -ï?
MONO- AND DISUBSTITUTED 3-PROPYL GAMMA-AMINOBUTYR1CACIDS
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Compounds of formula H2N— CH2—:C~CH2 COOR j (CH2)n 10 15 20 - wherein Rj is hydrogen or a lower alkyl radical and n is 4,5, or 6 are known in
United States Patent Number 4,024,175 and its divisionaî United States PatentNumber 4,087,544. The uses disclosed are: protective effect against crampinduced by thiosemicarbazide; protective action against cardiazole cramp; thecérébral diseases, epilepsy, faintness attacks, hypokinesia, and cranial traumas;and improvement in cérébral fonctions. The compounds are usefol in gériatriepatients. The patents are hereby incorporated by référencé.
Compounds of formula R3 R2I l
H2NCH-C-CH2COOH
I
Ri or a pharmaceutically acceptable sait thereof wherein R} is a straight or branchedalkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, phenyl or cycloalkyl having from3 to 6 carbon atoms; R2 is hydrogen or methyl; and R3 is hydrogen, or carboxylare known in United States Patent Number 5,563,175 and its various divisionals.These patents are hereby incorporated by référencé.
SUMMARY OF ΊΉΕ INVENTION 25
The compounds of the instant invention are those of Formula I 012543
or a pharmaceutically acceptable sait thereof wherein:
Rl is hydrogen, straight or branched alkyl of from 1 to 6 carbon atoms or phenyl; R2 is straight or branched alkyl of from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, straight or branched alkenyl of from 2 to 8 carbon atoms,cycloalkyl of from 3 to 7 carbon atoms, alkoxy of from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, - alkylcycloalkyl, - alkylalkoxy,
- alkyl OH - alkylphenyl, - alkylphenoxy, - phenyl or substituted phénÿl; and
Ri is straight or branched alkyl of from 1 to 6 carbon atoms or phenyl when R^ ismethyl.
Preferred compounds are those of Formula I wherein Rl is hydrogen, and R^ is alkyl.
Other preferred compounds are those of Formula I wherein Ri is methyl,and R^ is alkyl.
Still other preferred compounds are those of Formula I wherein Rl ismethyl, and R^ is methyl or ethyl.
Especially preferred compounds are selected from: 3-Aminomethyl-5-methylheptanoic acid; 3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-octanoic acid; 3-Aminométhyl-5-methyl-nonanoic acid; 3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-decanoic acid; 3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-undecanoic acid; 3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-dodecanoic acid;
WOP CT/USO* 012543 -3- 3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-tridecanoic acid; 3-Aminomethyl-5-cyclopropyl-hexanoicacid; 3 -Aminomethyl-5-cyclobutyl-hexanoic acid; 3-Aminomethyl-5-cyclopentyl-hexanoicacid; 5 3-Aminomethyl-5-cyclohexyl-hexanoic acid; 3-Aminomethyl-5-trifluoromethyl-hexanoic acid; 3-Aminomethyl-5-phenyl-hexanoic acid; 3-Aminomethyl-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-hexanoicacid; 3-Aminomethyl-5-(3-chlorophenyl)-hexanoic acid; 10 3-Aminomethyl-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-hexanoic acid; 3-Aminomethyl-5-(2-methoxyphenyl)-hexanoicacid; 3-Aminomethyl-5-(3-methoxyphenyl)-hexanoicacid; 3-Aminomethyi-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-hexanoic acid; and 3-Aminomethyl-5-(phenylmethyl)-hexanoicacid. 15 Other especially preferred compounds are selected from: (3R,4S)-3-Aminomethyl-4,5-dimethyl-hexanoic acid; 3 -Aminomethyl-4,5-dimethyl-hexanoic acid;(3R,4S)-3-Aminomethyl-4,5-dimethyl-hexanoic acid MP; (3S,4S)“3-Aminomethyl-4,5-dimethyl-hexanoic acid; 20 (3R,4R)-3-Aminomethyl-4,5-dimethyl-hexanoic acid MP; 3-Aminomethyl-4-isopropyl-hexanoicacid; 3-Aminomethyl-4-isopropyl-heptanoic acid; 3-Aminomethyl-4-isopropyl-octanoic acid; 3-Aminomethyl-4-isopropyl-nonanoicacid; 25 3-Aminomethyl-4-isopropyl-decanoic acid; and 3-Aminomethyl-4-phenyl-5-methyl-hexanoicacid.
Other preferred compounds are selected from (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-methoxy-hexanoicacid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-ethoxy-hexanoicacid; 30 (3S,5S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-propoxy-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-AminomethyI-5-isopropoxy-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-/erZ-butoxy-hexanoic acid; (3 Ss5S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-fluoromethoxy-hexanoic acid; ./U‘4)0' 312543 -4- (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-(2-fluoro-ethoxy)-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-(3,3?3-trifluoro-propoxy)-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-phenoxy-hexanoicacid; (35.55) -3-AminomethyI-5-(4-chloro-phenoxy)-hexanoicacid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-(3-chloro-phenoxy)-hexanoicacid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-(2-chloro-phenoxy)-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Anünomethyl-5-(4-fluoro-phenoxy)-hexanoic acid; (3S,5 S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-(3-fluoro-phenoxy)-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-(2-fluoro-phenoxy)-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-(4-methoxy-phenoxy)-hexanoicacid; (3 S}5S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-(3-methoxy-phenoxy)-hexanoic acid; (3 S,5 S)-3-Aminomethyl-5"(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-hexanoic acid; (3 S,5 S)-3-AminomethyI-5-(4-nitro-phenoxy)-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-(3-nitro-phenoxy)-hexanoicacid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-(2-nitro-phénoxy)-hexanoicacid; (35.55) -3-Ammomethyl-6-hydroxy-5-methyl-hexanoicacid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-6-methoxy-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; (3 S,5 S)-3-Aminomethyl-6-ethoxy-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl>5-methyl-6-propoxy-hexanoic acid; (3 S,5 S)-3-Aimnornethyl-6-isopropoxy-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; (3 S,5S)-3-Aminomethyl-6-/erZ-butoxy-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aimnomethyl-6-fluoromethoxy-5-niethyl-hexanoicacid; (3 S,5S)-3-AminomethyI-6-(2-fluoro-ethoxy)-5-meihyl-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-6-(3,3,3-Îrifluoro-propoxy)-hexanoic (35.55) -3-AminomethyI-5-methyl-6-phenoxy-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-6-(4-chloro-phenoxy)-5-methyi-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-6-(3-chloro-phenoxy)-5-methyl-hsxanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-6-(2-chloro-phenoxy)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-6-(4-fluoro-phenoxy)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aimnomethyl-6-(3-fluoro-phenoxy)-5-meihyl-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-6-(2-fluoro-phenoxy)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-6-(4-methoxy-phenoxy)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; 012543 Ï/USO· -5- (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-6-(3-methoxy-phenoxy)-5-methyl-hexanoicacid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-6-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl 6-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-meÎhyl 6-(3-trifiuoromethyl-phenoxy)-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl6-(2-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-hexanoic acid; (3S,5S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl 6-(4-nitro-phenoxy)-hexanoic acid; (3S,5S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl 6-(3-nitro-phenoxy)-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl 6-(2-nitro-phenoxy)"hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-6-ben2yloxy-5-methyi-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-7-hydroxy-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-7-methoxy-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-7-ethoxy-5-methyl-heptanoic acid;(3S?5S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-inethyl-7-propoxy-heptanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Anùnoinethyl-7-isopropoxy-5-inethyl-heptanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-7-/erz-butoxy-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-7-fluoromethoxy-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-7-(2-fluoro-ethoxy)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-7-(3,3,3-trifluoro-propoxy)-heptanoic (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-7-benzyloxy-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-7-phenoxy-heptanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Airtinomethyl-7-(4-chloro-phenoxy)-5-methyl-hepianoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aniinomethyl-7-(3-chloro-phenoxy)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; (3 S,5S)-3-AminomethyI-7-(2-chloro-phenoxy)-5-methyî-heptanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-7-(4-fluoro-phenoxy)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aniinomethyl-7-(3-fluoro-phenoxy)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-7-(2-fluoro-phenoxy)-5-methyî-hsptanoic acid; (3 S,5S)-3-Aminomethyl-7-(4-methoxy-phenoxy)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-7-(3- methoxy -phenoxy)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; ¢0 00/7 fZÜSOO/ 012543 -6- (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-7-(2- methoxy -phenoxy)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-methyî-7-(4-triiluoromethyl-phenoxy)-heptanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminometiiyl-5-inethyl-7-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-heptanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-inethyl-7-(2-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-heptanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-inethyl-7-(4-nitro-phenoxy)-heptanoicacid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-7-(3-nitro-phenoxy)-heptanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-7-(2-nitro-phenoxy)-heptanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-inethyl-6-phenyl-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-6-(4-chloro-phenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-6-(3-chloro-phenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-6-(2-chloro-pbenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminometbyl-6-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; (3 S,5S)-3-Aminomethyl-6-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aininomethyl-6-(2-methoxy-phenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-6-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-6-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-6-(2-fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid;(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-7-phenyl-heptanoic acid;(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-7-(4-chloro-phenyl)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid;(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-7-(3-chloro-phenyl)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid;(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-7-(2-chloro-phenyl)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid;(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-7-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid;(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-7-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid;(3 S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-7-(2-methoxy-phenyl)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid;(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-7-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid;(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-7-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-5-metbyl-hsptanoic acid;(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-7-(2-fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid;(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-oct-7-enoic acid;(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-non-8-enoic acid; 012543 -7- (E)-(3S,5S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-oct-6-enoic acid; (Z)-(3 S,5 S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-oct-6-enoic acid;(Z)-(3S,5S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-non-6-enoic acid;(E)-(3S,5S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-non-6-enoicacid;(E)-(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyi-non-7-enoicacid;(Z)-(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-non-7-enoicacid;(Z)-(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-dec-7-enoicacid; (E)-(3 S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-undec-7-enoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminoniethyl-5,6,6-trimethyl-heptanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aininomethyl-5,6-dimethyl-heptanoicacid; (35.55) -3-Aininomethyl-5-cyclopropyl-hexanoicacid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-cyclobutyl-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyî-5-cyclopentyl-hexanoic acid; and (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-cyclohexyl-hexanoic acid.
Still other more preferred compounds are: (3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; (3 S ,5R)-3 - AminomethyI-5 -methyl-octanoic acid; (3 S ,5R)-3 - Aminomethyl-5-methyl-nonanoic acid; (3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-decanoic acid; (3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-undecanoic acid; (3 S ,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-dodecanoic acid;(3S,5R)-3-Ammometnyl-5,9-dimethyl-decanoic acid;(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyî-5,7-dimethyl-octanoic acid;(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5s8-dimethyl-nonanoicacid; (3 S ,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-6-cyclopropyl-5-methyl-hexanoic acid;(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-6-cyclobutyi-5-methyl-hexanoic acid;(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-6-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-hexanoic acid;(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-6-cyclohexyl-5-methyl-hexanoic acid;(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-7-cyclopropyl-5-methyl-heptanoic acid;(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-7-cyclobutyl-5-methyl-heptanoic acid;(3 S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-7-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-heptanoic acid;(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyî-7-cyclohexyl-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; 012543 -8- (3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-8-cyclopropyl-5-methyl-octanoicacid;(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-8-cyclobutyl-5-methyl-octanoic acid;(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-8-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-octanoicacid;(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-8-cyclohexyl-5-methyl-octanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-6-fluoro-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-7-fluoro-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; (3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-8-fluoro-5-methyl-octanoic acid; (3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-9-fluoro-5-methyl-nonanoicacid; (3 S,5 S)-3-Aminomethyl-7,7,7-trifluoro-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; (3S,5R)-3-Aminometbyl-8,8,8-trifluoro-5-methyl-octanoic acid; (3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-8-phenyl-octanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-6-phenyl-hexanoic acid; and (3 S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-7-phenyl-heptanoic acid.
The invention is also a pharmaceutical composition comprising atherapeutically effective amount of one or more compoùnds of Formula 1 and apharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
The compoùnds of the invention are useful in the treatment of epilepsÿ,faintness attacks, hypokinesia, cramai disorders, neurodegenerative disorders,dépréssion, anxiety, panic, pain, neuropathological disorders, arthritis, sleepdisorders, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and gastric damage.
DETAELED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The compoùnds of the instant invention are mono- and disubstituted 3-propyl gamma-aminobutyric acids as shown in Formula I above.
The terms are as described below or as they occur in the spécification.
The term alkyl or alkenyl is a straight or branched group of ffom 1 to8 carbon atoms or 2 to 8 carbon atoms including but not iimited to methyl, ethyl,propyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, butyl, 2-butyl, tert-butyl, and octyl. Alkyl can. beunsubstituted or substituted by ffom 1 to 3 fluorine atoms. Preferred groups aremethyl and ethyl.
Cycloalkyl is a cyclic group of from 3 to 7 carbon atoms. 012543 -9-
The benzyl and phenyl groups may be unsubstituted or substituted withfrom 1 to 3 groups each independents selected from halogen, especially fluoro,alkoxy, alkyl, and amino.
Halogen includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine. 5 Alkoxy is as described above for alkyl.
Since amino acids are amphoteric, pharmacologically compatible saltswhen R is hydrogen can be salts of appropriate inorganic or organic acids, forexample, hydrochloric, sulphuric, phosphoric, acetic, oxalic, iactic, citric, malic,salicylic, malonic, maleic, succinic, and ascorbic. Starting from corresponding 10 hydroxides or carbonates, salts with alkali metals or alkaline earth metals, forexample, sodium, potassium, magnésium, or calcium are formed. Salts withquatemary ammonium ions can also be prepared with, for exemple, thetetramethyl-ammonium ion.
Prodrugs of compounds I-VIII are included in the scope of the instant 15 invention. Aminoacyl-glycolic and -Iactic esters are known as prodrugs of aminoacids (Wermuth C.G., Chemistry and Industry, 1980:433-435). The carbonylgroup of the amino acids can be eSterifîed by known means. Prodrugs and softdrugs are known in the art (Palomino E., Drugs of the Future, 1990; 15(4):361 -368). The last two citations are hereby incorporated by reference. 20 The effectiveness of an orally administered drug is dépendent upon the drug’s efficient transport across the mucosal epithelium and its stability in entero-hepatic circulation. Drugs that are effective after parentéral administration but lesseffective orally, or whose plasma half-life is considered too short, may bechemically modified into a prodrug form. 25 A prodrug is a drug which has been chemically modified and may be biologically inactive at its site of action, but which may be degraded or modifiedby one or more enzymatic or other in vivo processes to the parent bioactive form.
This chemically modified drug, or prodrug, should hâve a differentpharmacokinetic profile to the parent, enabling easier absorption across the 30 mucosal epithelium, better sait formulation and/or solubility, improved systemicstability (for an increase in plasma half-life, for example). These Chemicalmodifications may be 012543 -ΙΟ-Ι ) ester or amide dérivatives which may be cleaved by, for exemple, esterases or lipases. For ester dérivatives, the ester is derived &om the carboxylic• acid moiety of the drug molécule by known means. For amide dérivatives, the amide may be derived from the carboxylic acid moiety or the aminemoiety of the drug molécule by known means. 2) peptides which may be recognized by spécifie or nonspecifîc protéinases. A peptide may be coupled to the drug molécule via amide bond formationwith the amine or carboxylic acid moiety of the drug molécule by knownmeans. 3) dérivatives that accumulate at a site of action through membrane sélectionof a prodrug form or modified prodrug fonn, 4) any combination of 1 to 3.
Current research in animal experimeiits has shown that the oral absorptionof certain drugs may be increased by the préparation of “soft” quatemary salts.
The quatemary sait is termed a “soft” quatemâry sait since, unlike normalquatemary salts, e.g., R-N+(CH3)3, it can Telease the active drug on hydrolysis. “Soft” quatemary salts hâve useful physical properties compared with thebasic drug or its salts. Water solubility may be increased compared with othersalts, such as the hydrochloride, but more important there may be an increasedabsorption of the drug from the intestine. Increased absorption is probably due tothe fact that the “soft” quatemary sait has surfactant properties and is capable offorming micelles and unionized ion pairs with bile acids, etc., which are able topenetrate the intestinal epithelium more effectively. The prodrug, after absorption,is rapidly hydrolyzed with release of the active parent drug.
Certain of the compounds of the présent invention can exist in unsolvatedforms as well as solvated forms, including hydrated forms. In general, the solvatedforms, including hydrated forms, are équivalent to unsolvated forms and areintended to be encompassed within the scope of the présent invention.
The compounds of the présent invention includes ail enantiomeric andepimeric forms as well as the appropriate mixtures thereof. For example, thecompound of Example 1 is a mixture of ail four possible stereoisomers. Thecompound of Example 6 is one of the isomers. The configuration of the 012543 -11- cyclohexane ring carbon centers may be R or S in these compounds where àconfiguration can be defined.
The radioligand binding assay using [^H] gabapentin and the c^S subunit derived from porcine brain tissue was used (Gee N.S., Brown J.P., Dissanayake5 V.U.K., Ofïord J., Thurlow R., Woodruff G.N., “The Novel Anti-convulsant
Drug, Gabapentin, Binds to the Subunit of a Calcium Channel,” J. Biol.
Chem., 1996;27ï:5&79-5776). «’cr/nsp' 012543 -12-
Tablel
Structure GBP
Binding (IC50,nM)
Anticonvulsant% Protect 1 hr 2hr_
80 100 0 20 0 20 60 100
Table 1 above shows the binding affmity of the compounds of theinvention to the α^δ subunit.
The compounds of the invention are compared to Neurontin®, a marketeddrug effective in the treatment of such disorders as epiiepsy. Neurontin® is l-(aminomethyl)-cyclohexaneacetic acid of structural formula 5 VVOO‘ 012543 CT/USOO/1'» -
Gabapentin (Neurontin®) is about 0.10 to 0.12 μΜ in this assay. Thecompounds of the instant invention are expected, therefore, to exhibitpharmacologie properties comparable to or better than gabapentin. For example,as agents for convulsions, anxiety, and pain.
The présent invention also relates to therapeutic use of the compounds ofthe mimetic as agents for neurodegenerative disorders,
Such neurodegenerative disorders are, for exemple, Alzheimer’s disease,Huntington’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and Amyotrophie Latéral Sclerosis.
The présent invention also covers treating neurodegenerative disorderstermed acute brain injury. These include but are not limited to: stroke, headtrauma, and asphyxia.
Stroke refers to a cérébral vascular disease and may also be referred to as acérébral vascular incident (CVA) and includes acute thromboembolie stroke.
Stroke includes both focal and global ischemia. Also, included are transientcérébral ischémie attacks and other cérébral vascular problems accompanied bycérébral ischemia. A patient undergoing carotid endarterectomy specifically orother cerebrovascular or vascular surgical procedures in general, or diagnosticvascular procedures including cérébral angiography and the like.
Other incidents are head trauma, spinal cord trauma, or injury from generalahoxia, hypoxia, hypoglycemia, hypotension as well as similar injuries seenduring procedures from embole, hyperfusion, and hypoxia.
The instant invention would be useful in a range of incidents, for example,during cardiac bypass surgery, in incidents of intracranial hemorrhage, in périnatalasphyxia, in cardiac arrest, and status epilepticus.
Pain refers to acute as well as chronic pain.
Acute pain is usually short-lived and is associated with hyperactivity of thesympathetic nervous system. Examples are postoperative pain and allodynia. "/ÜSOO/ 012543 -14-
Chronic pain is usually defined as pain persisting from 3 to 6 months andincludes somatogenic pains and psychogenic pains. Other pain is nociceptive.
Still other pain is caused by injury or infection of peripheral sensorynerves. It includes, but is not limited to pain from peripheral nérve trauma, herpes 5 virus infection, diabètes mellitus, causalgia, plexus avulsion, neuroma, limb amputation, and vasculitis. Neuropathie pain is also caused by nerve damage fromchronic alcoholism, human immunodeficiency virus infection, hypothyroidism,uremia, or vitamin defîciencies. Neuropathie pain includes, but is not limited topain caused by nerve injury such as, for example, the pain diabetics suffer from. 10 Psychogenic pain is that which occurs without an organic origin such as low back pain, atypical facial pain, and chronic headache.
Other types of pain are: infiammatory pain, osteoarthritic pain, trigeminalneuralgia, cancer pain, diabetic neuropathy, restless leg syndrome, acute heipeticand postherpetic neuralgia, causalgia, brachial plexus avulsion, occipital 15 neuralgia, goût, phantom limb, bum, and other forms of neuralgia, neuropathieand idiopathic pain syndrome. A skilled physicien will be àble to détermine the appropriate situation inwhich subjects are susceptible to or at risk of, for example, stroke as well assuffering from stroke for administration by methods of the présent invention. 20 The compounds of the invention are also expected to be useful in the treatment of dépréssion. Dépréssion can be the resuit of organic disease,secondary to stress associated with personal loss, or idiopathic in origin. There is astrong tendency for familial occurrence of some forms of dépréssion suggesting amechanistic cause for at least some forms of dépréssion. The diagnosis of 25 dépréssion is made primarily by quantification of alterations in patients’ mood.
These évaluations of mood are generally performed by a physician or quantifiedby a neuropsychologist using validated rating scales, such as the HamiltonDépréssion Rating Scale or the Brief Psychiatrie Rating Scale. Numerous otherscales hâve been developed to quantify and measure the degree of mood 30 alterations in patients with dépréssion, such as insomnia, difficulty with concentration, lack of energy, feelings of worthlessness, and guilt. The standardsfor diagnosis of dépréssion as well as ail psychiatrie diagnoses are collected in theDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition) referred to SÜÜ/15V. 012543 -15- as the DSM-IV-R manual published by the American Psychiatrie Association, 1994. GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter with the centrai nervous System.Within the general context of inhibition, it seems likely that GABA-mimetics 5 might decrease or inhibit cérébral fimetion and might therefore slow function anddecrease mood leading to dépréssion.
The compounds of the instant invention may produce an anticonvulsanteffect through the increase of newly created GABA at the synaptic junction. Ifgabapentin does indeed increase GABA levels or the effectiveness of GABA at 10 the synaptic junction, then it could be classified as a GABA-mimetic and might decrease or inhibit cérébral function and might, therefore, slow function anddecrease mood leading to dépréssion.
The fact that a GABA agonist or G AB A-mimetic might work just theopposite way by increasing mood and thus, be an antidepressant, is a new concept, 15 different from the prevailing opinion of GABA activity heretofore.
The compounds of the instant invention are aiso expected to be useful in the treatment of anxiety and of panic as demonstrated by means of standardpharmacological procedures.
The compounds of the invention are also expected to be useful in the 20 treatment of sleep disorders. Sleep disorders are disturbances that affect the abilityto fall and/or stay asleep, that involves sleeping to much, or that resuit in abnormalbehavior associated with sleep. The disorders include, for example, insomnia,drug-associated sleeplessness, hypersomnia, narcolepsy, sleep apnea syndromes,and parasomnias. 25 The compounds of the invention are also useful in the treatment of arthritis. 012543 -16-
Biological Activity
Table 2
Example [3H] GBPBinding(IC50, μΜ) Anxiolytic Activity*% Preg. Act. Anticonvulsant % Protect* lh 2h Pregàbalin 0.218 100 100 (3S,4R)3"Aminometbyl- 4,5-dimethyl-hexanoic acid 2.2 12 20 20 (3R,4S)3-Ammomethyl- 4,5-dimethyl-hexanoic acid 1.7 58 20 0 (3R,4R)3-Aminomethyl- 4,5-dimethyl-hexanoic acid 0.022 204 100 100 3-Aminomethyl-5- methylheptanoic acid 0.092 79 60 100 3-Aminomethyl-5- methyloctanoic acid 0.019 NT 40 100 3-Aminomethyl-5- methyldecanoic acid 0.150 NT 0 0 3-Aminomethyl-5- methylnonanoic acid 0.178 NT 40 80 3-Aminomethyl-5- methylundecanoic acid 0.163 NT NT (3S,5R)-3-Airrinomethyl- 5-methyl-heptanoic acid On test On test 80 100 012543 , *.» Uôvs -17-
Table 2 (cont)
Example [3H] gbp Binding (IC50, μΜ) Anxiolytic Activity* % Preg. Act. Anticonvulsant % Protect* lh 2h (3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl- 5-methyl-octanoic acid hydrochloride 0.012 160 100 100 (3 S ,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-nonanoic acid hydrochloride 0.026 125.94 100 100 (3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl- 5-methyl-decanoic acid 0.0297 105.59 100 100 (3S,5S)-3-Aminomethyl- 5-methyl-heptanoic acid On test On test 0 0 (3S,5S)-3-Aminomethyl- 5-methyl-octanoic acid 1.2 15.6 0 20 (3S,5S)-3-Aminomethyl- 5-methyl-nonanoic acid On test On test 0 0 3 - Ammomethyl-5- methyl-6-phenyl- hexanoic acid 9.08 NT 0 0 3-Aminomethyl-5,7,7- trimethyl-octanoic acid >10 NT NT (S)-3-Aminomethyl-5- methyl-octanoic acid 0.0126 135.38 100 100 3-Aminomethyl-5s7- dimethyl-octanoic acid 0.359 NT NT 012543 *> *> -18-
Table 2 (cont)
Example [3H] GBPBinding(IC50, μΜ) Anxiolytic Activity*% Preg. Act. Anticonvulsant % Protect* lh 2h 3-Aminômethyl-6,6,6- trifiuoro-5-methyl- hexanoic acid 4.69 NT 0 0 3-Aminomethyl-5- methyl-oct-7-enoic acid >10 NT 0 0 (S)-3-Aminomethyl-6- methoxy-5-methyl- hexanoic acid On test On test 0 0 3-aminomethyl-4- isopropyl-heptanoic acid 0.671 NT NT 3-aminomethyl-4- isopropyl-octanoic acid 54 NT 0 0 3-aminomethyl-4- isopropyl-hexanoic acid 0.49 NT 0 0 3-Aminomethyl-5- methyM-phenyl- hexanoic acid NT 0 0 (S)-3-Aminomethyl-6- fluoro-5-methyl- hexanoic acid 0.605 NT NT 3-Aminomethyl-5- cyclohexyl-hexanoic acid 7.3 NT NT υϋν 0’2543 -19-
Table 2 (cont)
Example pH] GBPBinding(IC50, μΜ) Anxiolytic Activity* % Preg. Act. Anticonvulsant % Protect* lh 2h 3-Aminomethyl-5- >10 cyclopentyl-hexanoic acid 3-Aminomethyl-5- 10.1 NT NT phenyl-hexanoic acid (3S,5S)-3-Aminomethyl- On test On test 0 20 5-methyl-decanoic acid * Compounds dosed at 30 mg/kg PONT is not tested.
The compounds of the instant invention are useful as anxiolytics andanticonvulsants as shown in Table 2 above. They are compared to pregabalinwhich is isobutylgaba or (S)-3-(Aminomethyl)-5-methylhexanoic acid of formula
5 MATERIALAND METHODS
Carrageenin-Induced Hyperalgesia
Nociceptive pressure thresholds were xneasured in the rat paw pressure testusing an analgesimeter (Randall-Selitto method: Randall L.O. and Selitto J .J., “A method for measurement of analgésie activity on inflamed tissue,” Arch. Int. 10 Pharmacocfyn., 1957;4:409-419). Male Sprague-Dawley rats (70-90 g) were trained on this apparatus before the test day. Pressure was gradually applied to thehind paw of each rat and nociceptive thresholds were determined as the pressure(g) required to elicit paw withdrawal. A cutoff point of 250 g was used to prevent '..JT/USO'' · 072543 -20- any tissue damage to the paw. On the test day, two to three baseline measurementswere taken before animais were administered 100 JiL of 2% carrageenin byintraplantar injection into the right hind paw. Nociceptive thresholds were takenagain 3 hours after cairageenin to establish that animais were exhibitinghyperalgesia. Animais were dosed with either gabapentin (3-300 mg, s.c.),morphine (3 mg/kg, s.c.) or saline at 3.5 hours after carrageenin and nociceptivethresholds were examined at 4,4.5, and 5 hours postcarrageenin. (R)-2-Aza-spiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxylic acid hydrochloride was tested inthe above carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia model. The compound was dosedorally at 30 mg/kg, and 1 hour postdose gave a percent of maximum possibleeffect (MPE) of 53%. At 2 hours postdose, it gave only 4.6% of MPE.
Semicarbazide-Induced Tonie Seizures
Tonie seizures in mice are induced by subeutaneous administration ofsemicarbazide (750 mg/kg). The latency to the tonie extension of forepaws isnoted. Any mice not convulsing within 2 hours after semicarbazide are consideredprotected and given a maximum latency score of 120 minutes.
Animais
Male Hooded Lister rats (200-250 g) are obtained from Interfauna(Huntingdon, UK) and male TO mice (20-25 g) are obtained from Bantin andKingman (Hull, UK). Both rodent species are housed in groups of six. TênCommon Marmosets (Callithrix Jacchus) weighing between 280 and 360 g, bredat Manchester University Medical School (Manchester, UK) are housed in pairs.Ail animais are housed under a 12-hour light/dark cycle (lights on at 07.00 hour)and with food and water ad libitum.
Drug Administration
Drugs are administered either intraperitoneally (IP) or subcutaneously(SC) 40 minutes before the test in a volume of 1 mL/kg for rats and marmosetsand 10 mL/kg for mice. °’2543 fCT/USOb,· -21-
Mouse Light/Dark Box
The apparatus is an open-topped box, 45 cm long, 27 cm wide, and 27 cmhigh, divided into a small (2/5) and a large (3/5) area by a partition that extended20 cm above the walls (Costall B., et al., “Exploration of mice in a black and 5 white box: validation as a model of anxiety,” Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., 1989;32:777-785 ).
There is a 7.5 x 7.5 cm opening in the center of the partition at floor level.The small compartment is painted black and the large compartment white. Thewhite compartment is illuminated by a 60-W tungsten bulb. The laboratoiy is 10 illuminated by red light. Each mouse is tested by placing it in the center of thewhite area and allowing it to explore the novel environment for 5 minutes. Thetime spent in the illuminated side is measured (Kilfoil T., et al., “Effects ofanxiolytic and anxiogenic drugs on exploratory activity in a simple model ofanxiety in mice,” NeuropharmacoL, 1989;28:901-905). 15 Rat Elevated X-Maze A standard elevated X-maze (Handley S.L., et al., “Effects of alpfaa-adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists in a maze-exploration model of‘fear’-motivated behavior,” Naunyn-Schiedeberg’sArch. Pharmacol., 1984;327:1-5),was automated as previously described (Fieîd, et al., “Automation of the rat 20 elevated X-maze test of anxiety,” Br. J. Pharmacol., 1991;102(Suppl.):304P). Theanimais are placed on the center of the X-maze facing one of the open arms. Fordetermining anxiolytic effects the entries and time spent on the end half sectionsof the open arms is measured during the 5-minute test period (Costall, et al., “Useof the elevated plus maze to assess anxiolytic potential in the rat,” Br. J. 25 Pharmacol., 1989;96(Suppl.):312p).
Marmoset Human Threat Test
The total number of body postures exhibited by the animal towards thethreat stimulus (a human standing approximately 0.5 m away from the marmosetcage and staring into the eyes of the marmoset) is recorded during the 2-minute 30 test period. The body postures scored are slit stares, tail postures, scent marking ofthe cage/perches, piloerection, retreats, and arching of the back. Each animal is °’2543 -22- exposed to the threat stimulus twice on the test day before and after drugtreatment. The différence between the two scores is analyzed using one-wayanalysis of variance followed by Dunnett’s t-test. Ail drug treatments are carriedout SC at least 2 hours after the first (control) threat. The pretreatment time foreach compound is 40 minutes.
Rat Conflict Test
Rats are trained to press levers for food reward in opérant chambers. Theschedule consists of alternations of four 4-minute unpunished periods on variableinterval of 30 seconds signaled by chamber lights on and three 3-minute punishedperiods on fixed ratio 5 (by footshock concomitant to food delivery) signaled bychamber lights off. The degree of footshock is adjusted for each rat to obtainapproximately 80% to 90% suppression of responding in comparison withunpunished responding. Rats receive saline vehicle on training days. DBA2 Mouse Model of Anticonvulsant Efficacy
Ail procedures were carried out in compliance with the NIH Guide for theCare and Use of Laboratory Animais under a protocol approved by theParke-Davis Animal Use Committee. Male DBA/2 mice, 3 to 4 weeks old wereobtained from Jackson Laboratories, BarHarbour, Maine. Immediately beforeanticonvulsant testing, mice were placed upon a wire mesh, 4 inches square,suspended from a Steel rod. The square was slowly inverted through 180° andmice observed for 30 seconds. Any mouse falling from the wire mesh was scoredas ataxie (Coughenour L.L., McLean J.R., Parker R.B., “A new device for therapid measurement of impaired motor fonction in mice,” Pharm. Biochem.
Behav., 1977;6(3):3 51 -3). Mice were placed into an enclosed acrylic plasticchamber (21 cm height, approximately 30 cm diameter) with a high-frequencyspeaker (4 cm diameter) in the center of the top lid. An audio signal generator(Protek model B-810) was used to produce a continuous sinusoïdal tone that wasswept linearly in frequency between 8 kHz and 16 kHz once each 10 msec. Theaverage sound pressure level (SPL) during stimulation was approximately 100 dBât the floor of the chamber. Mice were placed within the chamber and allowed toacclimatize for one minute. DBA/2 mice in the vehicle-treated group responded to 012543
:T/US -23- the sound stimulus (applied until tonie extension occurred, or for a maximum of60 sec) with a characteristic seizure sequence consisting of wild running followedby clonie seizures, and later by tonie extension, and finally by respiratory arrestand death in 80% or more of the mice. In vehicle-treated mice, the entire sequence 5 of seizures to respiratory arrest lasts approximately 15 to 20 seconds. The incidence of ail the seizure phases in the drug-treated and vehicle-treated micewas recorded, and the occurrence of tonie seizures were used for calculatinganticonvulsant ED5Q values by probit analysis (Litchfield J.T., Wilcoxon F. “A simplified method for evaluating dose-effect experiments,” J. Pharmacoî., 10 1949;96:99-113). Mice were used onîy once for testing at each dose point. Groups of DBA/2 mice (n - 5-10 per dose) were tested for sound-induced seizureresponses 2 hours (previously determined time of peak effect) after given drugorally. AH drugs in the présent study were dissoîved in distilled water and givenby oral gavage in a volume of 10 mL/kg of body weight. Compounds that are 15 insoluble will be suspended in 1% carboxymethocellulose. Doses are expressed asweight of the active drug moiety.
The compounds of the instant invention are also expected to be useful inthe treatment of pain and phobie disorders (Am. J. Pain Manag., 1995;5:7-9).
The compounds of the instant invention are also expected to be useful in 20 treating the symptoms of manie, acute or chronic, single upside, or recurringdépréssion. They are also expected to be useful in treating and/or preventingbipolar disorder (United States Patent Number 5,510,381).
The compounds of the invention are also expected to be useful in sleepdisorders. The assessment is as described in Drug Dev Res 1988;14:151-159. 25 The compounds of the présent invention can be prepared and administered in a wide variety of oral and parentéral dosage forms. Thus, the compounds of theprésent invention can be administered by injection, that is, intravenously,intramuscularly, intracutaneously, subcutaneously, intraduodenally, orintraperitoneally. Also, the compounds of the présent invention can be 30 administered by inhalation, for example, intranasally. Additionally, the compounds of the présent invention can be administered transdermally. It will beobvious to those skilled in the art that the following dosage forms may comprise 012543 ”501 3 -24- as the active component, either a compound of Formula 1 or a correspondingphannaceutîcally acceptable sait of a compound of Formula I.
For preparing pharmaceutical compositions from the compounds of theprésent invention, phannaceutîcally acceptable carriers can be either solid orliquid. Solid form préparations include powders, tablets, pills, capsules, cachets,suppositories, and dispersible granules. A solid carrier can be one or moresubstances which may also act as diluents, flavoring agents, binders,preservatives, tablet disintegrating agents, of an encapsulating material.
In powders, the carrier is a finely divided solid which is in a mixture withthe finely divided active component
In tablets, the active component is mixed with the carrier having thenecessary binding properties in suitable proportions and compacted in the shapeand size desired.
The powders and tablets preferably contain from five or ten to aboutseventy percent of the active compound. Suitable carriers are magnésiumcarbonate, magnésium stéarate, talc, sugar, lactose, pectin, dextrin, starch, gelatin,tragacanth, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, a low melting wax,cocoa butter, and the like. The term “préparation” is intended to include theformulation of the active compound with encapsulating material as a carrierproviding a capsule in which the active component with or without other carriers,is surrounded by a carrier, which is thus in association with it. Similarly, cachetsand lozenges are included. Tablets, powders, capsules, pills, cachets, and lozengescan be used as solid dosage forms suitable for oral administration.
For preparing suppositories, a low melting wax, such as a mixture of fattyacid glycerides or cocoa butter, is first melted and the active component isdispersed homogeneously therein, as by stirring. The molten homogenous mixtureis then poured into convenient sized molds, allowed to cool, and thereby tosolidify.
Liquid form préparations include solutions, suspensions, and émulsions,for example, water or water propylene glycol solutions. For parentéral injectionliquid préparations can be formulated in solution in aqueous polyethylene glycolsolution. vO/ ib. 012543 .Ï/ÜS< -25-
Aqueous solutions suitable for oral use can be prepared by dissolving theactive component in water and adding suitable colorants, flavors, stabilizing andthickening agents as desired.
Aqueous suspensions suitable for oral use can be made by dispersing the5 finely divided active component in water with viscous material, such as natural or synthetic gums, resins, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, andother well-known suspending agents.
Also included are solid form préparations winch are intended to beconverted, shortly before use, to liquid fonn préparations for oral administration. 10 Such liquid fonns include solutions, suspensions, and émulsions. These préparations may contain, in addition to the active component, colorants, flavors,stabilizers, buffers, artificial and natural sweeteners, dispersants, thickeners,solubiiizing agents, and the like.
The pharmaceutical préparation is preferably in unit dosage fonn. In such 15 form the préparation is subdi vided into unit doses containing appropriate quantities of the active component. The unit dosage form can be a packagedpréparation, the package containing discrète quantities of préparation, such aspacketed tablets, capsules, and powders in vials or ampoules. Also, the unitdosage fonn can be a capsules, tablet, cachet, or lozenge itself, or it can be the 20 appropriate number of any of these in packaged fonn.
The quantity of active component in a unit dose préparation may. be varied or adjusted from 0.1 mg to 1 g according to the particular application and. thepotency of the active component In medical use the drug may be administeredthree times daily as, for example, capsules of 100 or 300 mg. The composition 25 can, if desired, also contain other compatible therapeutic agents.
In therapeutic use, the compounds utilized in the pharmaceutical method of this invention are administered at the initial dosage of about 0.01 mg to about100 mg/kg daily. A daily dose range of about 0.01 mg to about 100 mg/kg ispreferred. The dosages, however, may be varied depending upon the requirements 30 of the patient, the severity of the condition being treated, and the compound beingemployed. Détermination of the proper dosage for a particular situation is withinthe skill of the art. Generally, treatment is initiated with smaller dosages which areless than the optimum dose of the compound. Thereafter, the dosage is increased 012543 7US'· -26- ' by small incréments until the optimum effect under the circumstances is reached.For convenience, the total daily dosage may be divided and administered inportions during the day, if desired.
The following examples are illustrative of the instant invention; they are5 not intended to limit the scope.
General synthetic schemesGeneric Description 10
a) L1AIH4; b) pyridinium dichormate; c) triethylphosphonoacetate,NaH; d) Nitromethane DBU; e) i. H2 Pd/C; ii. HCl; iii ion exchange chromatography. 15 012543 -27- PCT/US,,. -
Method 2
1 5 X = OEt or chiral oxazolidine auxiüary. a) Triethylphosphonoacetate, NaH; b) i. NaOH, ii. Pivaloyl chloride, Et3N, XH; c) R^MgBr, CuBr2DMS; d) NaHMDS, BrCH2CO2tBu; 10 e) R = tBu i. LiOH, H2O2; ii. BH3, üi. TsCl, ET3N, iv. NaN3, DMSO; f) R = Et i. LiOH, H2O2; ii. BH3, iii. PTSA, THF; iv HBr EtOH,v. NaN3 DMSO; g) i. H2 Pd/C; ii. HCl, iii. Ion exchange chromatography.
Spécifie Examples 15 SynthesisofExample 1: 3-Aminomethyl-5-methylheptanoic acid 012543 zusoo'r;
a) PDC, CH2C12; 5 b) NaH, triethylphosphonoacetate; c) DBU, CH3NO2; d) H2,10%Pd/C; e) 6N HCl, reflux, ion exchange resin (Dowex 5OWX8, strongly acidic). 3-Methyl-l-pentanal 11 10 To a stirred suspension of pyridinum dichromate (112.17 g, 298.1 mmol) in dichloromethane 500 mL was added 3-methyl-l-pentanol 10 (15 g, 146.79 mmol). Aller stirring for 2.5 hours, ether 400 mL was added, and stirringwas continued for another 5 minutes. The filtrate from the mixture wasconcentrated to a small volume and applied to a column of Florisil. The compound 15 was eluted with petroleum ether, and further chromatographed on silica gel column using 10% ether in petroleum ether as eluent gave 11 (6.5 g, 44%).ÎH-NMR (CDC13) δ 9.72, (d, -CHO), 238 (dd, 1H, -CH2CHO), 2.19 (dd, 1H,-CH2CHO), 1.95 (m, 1H, C2H5(CH3)CHCH2-), 1.4-1.0 (m), 0.9-0.8 (m). J 00/76958 012543 rVT/USOO/làv. > -29-
Ethyl 5-methyl-2-heptenoate 12
Sodium hydride (60% dispersion, 2.4 g, 65 mmol) was washed withhexane and suspended in dimethoxyethane 60 mL. While cooling in ice water bathtriethyl phosphonoacetate was slowly added, calcd. 5 minutes. The reaction wasstiired for 15 minutes at 0°C and a solution of 3-methyl-l-pentanal 11 (6.5 g, 65 mmol) in imethoxyethane 20 mL was added. After refluxing ovemight, it wasconcentrated, water and hexane were added, the organic phase was separated, andthe aqueous portion discarded. The solution was washed twice with brine anddried on magnésium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated to give 12 (6.75 g, 61%).ÎH-NMR (CDC13) δ 6.89 (m, 1H, -CH2CH:CHCOOEt), 5.77 (d, 1H,-CH2CH:CHCOOEt), 4.16 (q, 2H, -COOCH2CH3), 2.15 and 1.98 (1H each and amultiplet, -CH2CH:CHCOOEt), 1.48 (m, 1H, C2H5(CH3)CHCH2), 1.30-1.10(m), and 0.83.
Ethyl 5-methyl-3-nitromeihylheptanoaie 13
Ethyl 5-methyl-2-heptanoate 12 (6.75 g, 39.70 mmol), DBU (6.0 g, 39.7 mmol), nitromethane (21.97 g, 359.9 mmol) in acetonitrile 80 mL was stirredat room température under nitrogen atmosphère ovemight. The mixture wasconcentrated to an oil. A solution of the oil in ether was washed with IN HCl,brine and dried. It was evaporated to give a light oil which was chromatographedon silica gel, eluting with 5% to 10% ether in Pet. ether to give 13 (3.6 g, 42%).1H-NMR (CDCI3) δ 4.49-4.39 (m), 4.12-4.07 (m), 3.61 (m), 2.36 (m), . ' 1.36-1.18 (m), 0.86-0.79. 3-AminomethyI-5-methylheptanoic acid (Example 1)
Ethyl 5-methyl-3-nitromethylheptanoate 13 (3.6 g) was hydrogenated in éthanol in the presence of 20% Pd/C and evaporated to give 14. Six normalhydrochloric acid 30 mL was added and refluxed ovemight. The solvent wasevaporated at reduced pressure, and the residue was azeotroped with toluene.Aqueous solution of the residue was appliedto Dowex 50 WX 8-100 ion exchangeresin that had been washed to neutral pH with HPLC grade water. The columnwas eluted with water until eluent was neutral pH, and then with 0.5N. ΝΉ4ΟΗ WO 00/76°r8
PCT/ÜSOO/1 ?'7O 012543 -30- solution to give factions containing 3-aminomethyl-5-methylheptanoic acid. Thefractions were combined and further chromatographed on a C}g column. Thecompound was eluted with 40% water in methanol and crystallized frommethanol-ether to give Example 1 630 mg. ^H-NMR (CD3OD) δ 2.83 (m, 1H), 5 2.75 (m, 1H), 2.35 (m, 1H), 2.15 (m, 1H), 1.95 (1H, bs), 1.38 (1H, m), 1.3-1.15 (m, 2H), 1.14-0.95 (m, 2H). 0.80 (m, 2CH3). MS found moiecular ion at(M+l) 174 and other ions at 156,139, and 102. Anal. Calcd. for C9H19NO2: C, 62.39; H 11.05; N 8.08. Found C, 62.00; H, 10.83; N, 7.98.
In a similar way the foliowing exemples can be prepared. 10 3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; 3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-octanoic acid; 3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-nonanoic acid; 3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-decanoic acid; 3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-undecanoic acid; 15 3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-dodecanoic acid; 3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-tridecanoic acid; 3-Aminomethyl-5-cyclopropyl-hexanoic acid; 3-Aminomethyl-5-cyclobutyl-hexanoicacid; 3-Aminomethyl-5-cyclopentyl-hexanoic acid; 20 3-Aminomethÿl-5-cyclohexyl-hexanoic acid; 3-Aminomethyl-5-trifluoromethyl-hexanoic àcid; 3-Aminomethyl-5-phenyl-hexanoic acid;3-Aminomethyl-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-hexanoic acid; 3-Aminomethyl-5-(3-chlorophenyl)-hexanoic acid; 25 3-Aminomethyî-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-hexanoic acid; 3-Aminomethyl-5-(2-methoxyphenyl)-hexanoic acid; 3-Aminomethyl-5-(3-methoxyphenyl)-hexanoic acid; 3-Aminomethyl-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-bexanoic acid; and 3-Aminomethyl-5-(phenylmethyl)-hexanoic acid. î ,> *r>· 012543 f/USOO/1: -31-
Synthesis of Example 2: (3R,4S)3-Aminomethyl-4,5-dimethyl-hexanoic acidÏK 'ΓΛ /OH a
O
16 15
(H3C)3CO2C. Phx
oX J
Example 2 012543 f/OS»· -32-
Reagents and Conditions: a) ÇR)-(-)-4-phenyl-2-oxazolidmone, (CH3)3CCOC1, Et3N, LiCl, THF, -20 to23°C; b) MeMgCl, CuBrSMe2, THF, -35°C; c) NaHMDS,BrCH2CO2tBu,THF,-78°Cto-40°C; d) LiOH, H2O2, THF, H20,25°C; e) BH3SMe2, THF, 0 to 25°C; f) pTsCl, pyridine, 25°C; g) NàN3, DMSO, 60°C; h) Raney nickel, MeOH, H2; i) 3M HCl, reflux, ion exchange resin(Dowex 50WX8, strongly acidic).
[R-(£)]3-(4-Methyl-pent-2-enoyl)-4-phenyl-oxazolidin-2-one 16
Trimethylacetyl chloride (7.8 g, 0.065 mol) was added to acid 14 (6.9 g, 0.06 mol) and triethylamine (18 g, 0.187 mol) in THF (200 mL) at -200C. After1 hour, lithium chloride (2.35 g, 0.55 mol) and (i?)-(-)-4-phenyl-2-oxazolidinone(8.15 g, 0.05 mol) were added and the thick suspension warmed to roomtempérature. After 20 hours, the suspension was filtered and the filtrateconcentrated. The résultant soiid was recrystallized from hexane/ethyl acetate(5:1) to give the oxazolidinone 16 as a white solid (8.83 g, 68%). NMR(CDC13) δ 7.35 (m, 5H), 7.18 (dd, 1H, J= 15.4 and 1.2 Hz), 7.02 (dd, 1H, J= 15.4 and 6.8 Hz), 5.45 (dd, 1H, J= 8.8 and 3.9 Hz), 4.68 (t, 1H, J= 8.8 Hz),4.22(dd, 1H, 8.8 and3.9Hz),2.50(m, 1H), 1.04 (d, 1H, J= 1.4 Hz), 1.02 (d, 1H, J= 1.4 Hz). MS, m/z (relative intensity): 260 [M+H, 100%]. (3R3R*)3-(3,4-Bimeihyl-pentanoyI)-4-phenyI~oxazoIidin-2-one 17
To copper(I) bromide-dimethyl sulphide complex in THF (45 mL) at -2Û°C was added méthylmagnésium chloride (as a 3 M solution in THF). After20 minutes, the oxazolidinone 16 (3.69 g, 0.014 mol) in THF (20 mL) was addeddropwise over 10 minutes. After 2.5 hours, the reaction was quenched through theaddition of a saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride. The résultant two WO Û < ÜaOO' 012543 -33- layers were separated and the aqueous phase extracted with ether. The combinedorganic phases were washed with 1 M hydrochloric acid, then with 5% aqueousammonium hydroxide. The organic phases were dried (MgSCty) and concentratedto give the oxazolidinone 17 as a white solid (3.39 g, 88%). NMR (CDCI3) δ 5 7.30 (m, 1H), 5.40 (dd, 1H, 7= 8.8 and 3.7 Hz), 4.63 (t, 1H, 7= 8.8 Hz), 4.21 (dd, 1H, 7= 8.8 and 3.7 Hz), 2.85 (dd, 1H, 7= 16.1 and 5.6 Hz), 2.8 (dd, 1H, 7= 16.1 and 8.5 Hz), 1.90 (m, 1H), 1.56 (m, 2H), 0.83 (d, 3H, 7= 6.8 Hz), 0.78 (d, 3H, J- 6.8 Hz), 0.75 (d, 3H, J- 6.8 Hz). MS, m/z (relative intensity): 276 [M-t-H, 100%]. 10 [3R-(3R*(R*),4S*)]-4,5-Dimethyl-3~(2-oxo-4-phenyî-oxazoîidine-3-carbonyl)-hexanoic acid tert-butyl ester 18
Sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (14.4 mL, 0.014 mol of a 1 M solution inTHF) was added to a solution of the oxazolidinone 17 (3.37 g, 0.012 mol) in THF(35 mL) at -78°C. After35 minutes, ierZ-butyl bromoacetate (3.5 g, 0.018 mol) 15 was added and the solution immediately warmed to -40°C. After 3 hours, thereaction was quenched through the addition of a saturated aqueous solution ofammonium chloride. The résultant two layers were separated and the aqueousphase extracted with ether. The combined organic phases were dried (MgSC>4)and concentrated. Flash chromatography (9:1 to 5:1 hexane/ethyl acétate gradient) 20 gave the ester 18 (3.81 g, 82%) as a white solid. ^H NMR (CDCI3) δ 7.35 (m, 5H), 5.37 (dd, 1H, 7= 8.4 and 3.1 Hz), 4.67 (t, 1H, 7= 8.7 Hz), 4.41 (dt, 1H, 7= 12.0 and 3.5 Hz), 4.25 (dd, 1H, 7= 8.68 and 3.1 Hz), 2.65 (dd, 1H,7= 16.9and 12.0 Hz), 2.25 (dd, 1H, 7= 16.9 and 3.5 Hz), 1.6 (m, 1H), 1.45 (m, 1H), 1.23 (s, 9H), 1.02 (d, 1H,7= 6.5 Hz), 0.93 (d, 1H, 7= 6.7 Hz), 0.80 (d, 1H, 25 7= 7.0 Hz). MS, m/z (relative intensity): 429 [M-H+CH3CN, 100%], 388 [M-H, 20%]. (3R,4S)-2-(l/2-Dimethyl-propyl)-succinic acid 4-tert-butyl ester 19
To the oxazolidinone 18 (3.62 g, 9.3 mmol) in THF (54 mL)/water
(15 mL) was added a premixed solution of lithium hydroxide (20 mL of a 0.8 M 30 aqueous solution, 0.016 mol)/H2Û2 (5.76 mL of a 30% aqueous solution). After
CTA ISO 012543 -34- 7 hours, the solution was diluted with water and sodium bisulfite added (~10 g).
After stirring for a further 0.5 hours, the two layers were separated and theaqueous phase extracted with ether. The aqueous phase was then rendered acidic(pH 2) with 1 M hydrochloric acid and extracted with ether. The combinedorganic phases were dried (MgSC>4) and concentrated. Flash chromatography(5:1 hexane/ethyl acetate) gave the acid 19 (2.1 g, 95%) as a colorless oil.lH NMR (CDC13) δ 3.0 (m, 1H), 2.55 (dd, 1H, J= 16.6 and 11.2 Hz), 2.27 (dd, 1H, J= 16.6 and 3.4 Hz), 1.70 (m, 1H), 1.53 (m, 1H), 1.45 (m, 1H), 1.43 (s, 9H),0.95 (d, 1H, J- 6.8 Hz), 0.90 (d, 1H, 6.6 Hz), 0.83 (d, 1H, 6.8 Hz). MS, m/z (relative intensity): 243 [M-H, 100%]. (3R,4S)-3-Hydroxymethyl-4,5-dimethyl-hexanoic acid tert-butyl ester 20
Borane-methyl sulfide complex (16 mL, 0.032 mol of a 2 M solution inTHF) was added to a stiired solution of the acid 19 (1.96 g, 8 mmol) in THF(20 mL) at 0°C. After 20 hours, methanol was added until effervescence ceasedand the solution concentrated. Flash chromatography (5:1 hexane/ethyl acetategradient) gave the alcohol 20 (1.29 g, 70%) as a colorless oil. NMR (CDCI3) δ 3.62 (m, 1H), 2.32 (m, 1H), 2.14 (m, 1H), 1.6 (m, 1H), 1.45 (s, 9H), 1.35 (m, 1H),0.93 (d, 1H, J= 6.8 Hz), 0.86 (d, 1H, /= 6.8 Hz), 0.77 (d, 1H, J= 6.9 Hz). MS,m/z (relative intensity): 175 [M-tBu, 100%]. (3R,4S)-4,5-Dimethyî-3-(toluene-4-sulfonyloxymethyl)-hexanoic acid tert-butyl ester 21 7?-Toluenesulfonyl chloride (847 mg, 4.4 mmol) was added to a stirredsolution of the alcohol 6 (850 mg, 3.7 mmol), DMAP (10 mg, 0.08 mmol) andtriethylamine (1.23 mL, 8.88 mmol) in CH2CI2 (20 mL) at 0°C and the solutionwarmed to room température. After 15 hours, the solution was washed with INhydrochloric acid then with brine. The combined organic phases were dried(MgSO4) and concentrated. Flash chromatography (100 to 92% hexane/ethyl acetate gradient) gave the tosylate 7 (1.22 g, 86%) as a thick gum. ^H NMR(CDCI3) δ 7.80 (d, 2H, J= 8.2 Hz), 7.25 (d, 2H, 8.2 Hz), 3.92 (m, 1H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 2.20 (m, 2H), 1.95 (m, 1H), 1.40 (m, 1H), 1.32 (s, 9H), 1.27 (m, 1H), 0.78
voUV/i·-·.. V 012543 -35- (d, 1H, J= 6.6 Hz), 0.73 (d, 1H, J= 6.6 Hz), 0.63 (d, 1H, J= 7.1 Hz). MS, m/z(relative intensity): 311 [85%), 198 (100%), 157 [95%). (3R,4S)-3-Azidomethyl-4,5-dimethyl-hexanoic acid teri-butyl ester 22
A solution of the tosylate 21 (1.19 g, 3.1 nunol) and sodium azide(402 mg, 6.2 mmol) in DMSO (15 mL) was warmed to 60°C for 2.5 hours. Water(100 mL) was added and the solution extracted with ether. The combined organicphases were dried (MgSÛ4) and concentrated. Flash chromatography (9:1 hexaneZ ethyl acetate) gave the azidé 22 (628 mg, 80%) as a colorless oil. ^H NMR(CDC13) δ 3.4 (dd, 1H, J= 12.21 and 6.11 Hz), 3.3 (dd, 1H, 21.11 and 6.59 Hz), 2.30 (dd, 1H, J= 15.14 and 3.66 Hz), 2.25 (m, 1H), 2.05 (dd, 1H, J= 15.14 and 9.04 Hz), 1.55 (m, 1H), 1.45 (s, 9H), 1.35 (m, 1H), 0.95 (d, 1H, J= 6.59 Hz ), 0.90 (d, 1H, J= 6.83 Hz), 0.80 (d, 1H, J= 7.08 Hz). MS (m/z):(relative intensity): 228 [M-N2,35%), 172 [M-N2-tBu, 100%). » (3R,4S)-3-Aminomethyl-4,5-dimethyl-hexanojc acid tert-butyî ester 23 and[4R-[4R*(S *)) ) -4-(l ,2-Dim ethy l-propyl)-pyrroiidin-2-one 24
The azide 8 (640 mg, 2.5 mmol) and Raney nickel (1 g) in methanol(50 mL) were shaken under an atmosphère of hydrogen for 4 hours. The solutionwas filtered and the filtrate concentrated to give a mixture of the amine 23 andlactam 24 which was used without further purification in the next step. (3R,4S)-3-Aminomethyl-4,5-dimetbyl-hexanoic acid (Example 2) A solution of the amine 23 and lactam 24 (500 mg) in 3 M hydrochloricacid were heated to reflux for 9 hours, then stirred at room température for15 hours. The solution was concentrated and the résultant solid subjected to asequential purification which involved ion exchange chromatography(Dowex 50WX8, strongly acidic), oxalate sait formation then further purificationby ion exchange chromatography (Dowex 50WX8, strongly acidic) to give theExample 2 (343 mg) as a white solid. ^H NMR (D2O) δ 2.87 (m, 2H), 2.22 (dd,1H, J= 15.4 and 3.4 Hz), 2.12 (m, 1H), 1.93 (dd, 1H, J = 15.4 and 9.5 Hz), CT/ÜSOl»/· 012543 -36- ‘ 1.38 (m, 1H), 1.12 (m, 1H), 0.77 (d, 1H, J= 6.6 Hz), 0.74 (d, 1H, J= 6.6 Hz),0.70 (d, 1H, J= 6.8 Hz). MS, m/z (relative intensity): 174 [M+H, 100%].
In a similar way, the following examples can be prepared: 3-Aminomethyl-4.5-dimethyl-hexanoic acid; 5 (3R,4S)-3-Aminomethyl-4,5-dimethyl-hexanoic acid MP; (3S,4S)-3-Aminomethyl-4,5-dimethyl-hexanoicacid;(3R,4R)-3-Aminomethyl-4,5-dimethyl-hexanoic acid MP; 3-Aminomethyl-4-isopropyl-hexanoic acid; 3-Aminomethyl-4-isopropyl-heptanoicacid; 10 3-Aminomethyl-4-isopropyl-octanoic acid; 3-Aminomethyl-4-isopropyl-nonanoic acid;3-Aminomethyl-4-isopropyl-decanoic acid; and3-Aminomethyl-4-phenyl-5-methyl-hexanoicacid. 012543 ’CT/ÜSOO/ -37-
Method 3
where R3 = OMeorHR4 =Me, Etn = 0 to 2 A compound of structure 30 could be prepared from a compound ofstructure 29 by treatment with an aqueous acid sueh as hydrochloric acid and alike 5 at a température between room température and reflux. As an alternative, a compound of structure 30 can be prepared from a compound of structure 32 bytreatment with trifluoroacetic acid in a solvent such as CH2CI2 or EtOAc andalike. Compound 32 could be prepared by base médiate hydrolysis of a Boc * ' îv/76' 012543 ~T/ÜS0t‘ ‘ -38- protected lactam such as compound 31 which itself could be prepared from acompound of structure 29 by treatment with di-tert-butyl dicarbonate in a solventsuch as THF and alîke. The treatment of the Boc-lactam 31 with aqueous sodiumhydroxide for example would give rise to the acid 32. 5 A compound of structure 29 could be prepared from compound of structure 28 (n = 0) by treatment with sodium or lithium métal in ammonia.Preferably, the reaction is carried out with sodium métal in ammonia.
Altematively, a compound of structure 29 could be prepared from compound ofstructure 28 (η = 1 or 2) by treatment with ceric ammonium nitrate in a mixture of 10 acetonitrile and water. Other methods known in the literature for the removal ofsubstituted alkoxy benzyl groups from nitrogen are described in Green, ProtectiveGroups in Organic Synthesis, Wiley, 2 ed, 1991 and could be utilized. A compound of structure 28 could be prepared from a compound ofstructure 27 (where LG is a suitable leaving group such as a halide or an alkyl 15 sulphonate, preferably an iodide would be used) by carbon-carbon bond formingreactions known in the art. Several methods exist in the literature for the couplingof organohalides or organoalkyl sulphonates with organometallic reagents in thepresence of various métal salts as summarized in Comprehensive OrganicSynthesis, volume 3:413 which could be utilized. For example, a compound of 20 structure 28 could be prepared from a compound of structure 27 (where LG isiodide) by treatment with a suitable secondary halide (chloride or iodide) in thepresence of magnésium métal, iodine and copper bromide dimethylsulphide in asolvent such as tetrahydrofuran and alike. Altematively the method according toEl Marini, Synthesis, 1992:1104 could be used. Hence, a compound of 25 structure 28 could be prepared from a compound of structure 27 (where LG is iodide) by treatment with suitable methyî-substituted secondary halide such as aniodide in the presence of magnésium, iodine and lithium tetrachlorocuprate in asolvent such as tetrahydrofuran and alike. A compound of structure 27 incorporâtes a suitable leaving group, which 30 would undergo nucleophilic substitution with suitable nucleophile. Examples ofsuch leaving groups include halides such as chloride, bromide, or iodide, andsulphonic esters such as mesylate, tosylate, triflate, nosylate, and alike. Acompound of structure 27 (where LG = iodide) could be prepared from a «12543 -i/b 10 -39- compound of structure 26 through treatment with iodine, triphenylphosphine, andimidazole in a solvent such as toluene and alike. A compound of structure 26 could be prepared from compound ofstructure 25 by treatment with a métal borohydride, such as sodium borohydridein a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran or DME and alike.
Compound 25 could be prepared in a similar fashion to the procedures ofZoretic et al, J. Org. Chem., 1980;45:810-814 or Nielsen et al J Med Chem.,1990;33:71-77 using an appropriate benzylamine, such as but not limited tobenzylamine, 4-methoxybenzylamine or 2,4-dimethoxybenzylamine.
As an alternative approach, a compound of structure 26 could be treatedwith sodium métal and ammonia to give 4-hydroxymethyl-pyrrolidinone whichcould be iodinated affording 4-iodomethyl-pyrrolidinone. 4-iodomethyl-pyrrolidinone could then be coupled with organometallic reagents according to theabove procedures avoiding protection of the lactam nitrogen as below. 15
26
Analogous to the above methods a lactam of structure 33 (seeNielsen et. al., J. Med Chem., 1990;33:71-77 for general method of préparation)could be employed thus establishing fixed stereochemistry at C3 of the finalamino acids.
Compounds which could be prepared in this manner include:3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-6-phenyî-hexanoic acid; 012543 -40- 3-Ammomethyl-6-(4-chloro-phenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid;3-Aminomethyl-6-(3-chloro-phenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid;3-Aminomethyl-6-(2-chioro-phenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid;3-Aminomethyl-6-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-5-niethyl-hexanoic acid;3-Aminomethyl-6-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoicacid;3-Aminomethyl-6-(2-fluoro-phenyI)-5-inethyl-hexanoicacid;3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-7-phenyl-heptanoic acid;3-Aminomethyl-7-(4-chloro-phenyl)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid;3-Aminomethyi-7-(3-chloro-phenyl)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid;3-Aminomethyl-7-(2-chloro-phenyl)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid;3-Aminomethyl-7-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid;3-Aminomethyl-7-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-beptanoic acid;3-Aminomethyl-7-(2-fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid;(3S)-3-Aminomethyl-6-cyclopropyl-5-methyl-hexanoic acid;(3 S)-3 -Aminomethyl-6-cy clobutyl-5-methyl-hexanoic acid;(3S)-3-Aminomethyl-6-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-hexanoic acid;(3S)-3-AminomethyI-6-cyclohexyl-5-methyl-hexanoic acid;(3S)-3-Aminomethyl-7-cyclopropyl-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; (3S)-3-Aminomethyl-7-cyclobutyl-5-methyl-heptanoic acid;(3 S)-3-Aminomethyl-7-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-heptanoic acid;(3 S)-3-Aminomethyl-7 -cyclohexyl-5-methy i-heptanoic acid;(3 S)-3-Aminomethyl-8-cyclopropyl-5-methyl-octanoic acid;(3S)-3-Aminomethyl-8-cyclobutyl-5-methyl-octanoic acid;(3S)-3-Aminomethyl-8-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-octanoic acid;(3S)-3-Aminomethyl-8-cyclohsxyl-5-methyl-octanoic acid;(3S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; (3S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-octanoic acid;(3S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-inethyl-nonanoicacid;(3S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-decanoic acid;(3S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-undecanoic acid;(3S)-3-Aminomethyl-5,7-dnnethyl-octanoic acid;(3S)-3-Aminomethyl-5,8-dimethyl-nonanoic acid;(3S)-3-Aminomethyl-5,9-dirnethyl-decanoic acid; °Î2543 CT/ÜSUU/x 10 15 20 25 -41- (3 S)-3-Aminomethyl-5,6-dimethyl-heptanoic acid;(3S)-3-Aminomethyl-5,6,6-trimethyl-heptanoic acid; (3 S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-cyclopropyl-hexanoic acid;(3S)-3-Aminomethyl-6-fluoro-5-methyl-hexanoic acid;(3S)-3-Aminomethyl-7-fluoro-5-methyl-heptanoicacid;(3S)-3-Aminomethyl-8-fluoro-5-methyl-octanoic acid;(3S)-3-Aminomethyl-7,7,7-trifluoro-5-methyl-heptanoic acid;(3S)-3-Aminomethyl-8,8,8-trifluoro-5-methyl-octanoic acid;(3S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-hept-6-enoic acid;(3S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-oct-7-enoic acid;(3S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-non-8-enoic acid;(E)-(3S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-oct-6-enoic acid;(Z)-(3S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-oct-6-enoic acid;(E)-(3S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-non-6-enoic acid;(ZX3S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl- non -6-enoic acid;(EX3S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-non-7-enoic acid;(ZX3S)-3-Aminomethyl-5,-methyl- non -7-enoic acid;(E)-(3S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-dec-7-enoicacid;(ZX3S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl- dec -7-enoic acid;3-Aminomethyl-6-cyclopropyl-5-methyl-hexanoic acid;3-Aminomethyl-6-cyclobutyi-5-methyl-hexanoicacid;3-Aminomethyl-6-cyclopentyî-5-methyl-hexanoic acid;3-Aminomethyl-6-cyclohexyl-5-methyl-hexanoicacid;3-Aminomethyl-7-cyclopropyl-5-methyl-heptanoic acid;3-Aminomethyl-7-cyclobutyl-5-methyl-heptanoic acid;3-Aminomethyl-7-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-heptanoic acid;3-Aminomethyl-7-cyclohexyl-5-methyl-heptanoic acid;3-Aminomethyl-8-cyclopropyl-5-methyl-octanoic acid;3-Aminomethyl-8-cyclobutyl-5-methyl-octanoic acid;3-AminomethyI-8-cyclopentyl-5-methyI-octanoicacid;3-Aminomethyl-8-cyclohexyl-5-methyl-octanoic acid;3-Aminomethyi-5-methyl-heptanoic acid;3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-octanoic acid; 30 012543 -42- 3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-nonanoic acid; 3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-decanoic acid; 3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-nndecanoicacid;3-Aminomethyl-5,7-dnnethyl-octanoic acid;3-Aminomethyl-5,8-dûnethyl-nonanoicacid;3-Aminometfayl-5,9-dimethyl-decanoicacid;3-Aminomethyl-5,6-dimethyl-heptanoic acid;3-Aœinomethyl-5,6,6-trimethyl-heptanoic acid;3-Aminomethyl-5-cyclopropyl-hexanoicacid;3-Ammomethyl-6-fluoro-5-methyl-hexanoic acid;3-Aminomethyl-7-fluoro-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; 3 -Aminomethyl-8-fluoro-5-methyl-octanoic acid;3-Aminomethyl-7,7,7-trifluoro-5-methyl-heptanoic acid;3-Aminomethyl-8,8,8-trifluoro-5-methyl-octanoic acid;3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-hept-6-enoicacid;3-AminomethyI-5-methyl-oct-7-enoic acid;3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-non-8-enoic acid;(E)-3-AminomethyI-5-methyl-oct-6-enoic acid;(Z)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-oct-6-enoic acid;(E)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-non-6-enoic acid;(Z)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl- non -6-enoic acid;(E)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-non-7-enoic acid;(Z)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl- non -7-enoic acid;(E)-3-Arninomethyl-5-methyl-dec-7-enoic acid; and(Z)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl- dec -7-enoic acid.
CT/ITW 012543
A compound of structure 40 could be prepared from compound ofstructure 39 through treatment with diethylaminosulphur trifluoride in a solvent 5 such as methylene chloride at a température between -7S°C and room température.Other methods for the fluorination of alcohols are known and could be utiiized asexemplified in Wilkinson, Chem. Rev. 1992;92:505-519. Compounds ofstructure 40 can be converted to the requisite γ-amino acid as described inmethod 3 above. 10 A compound of structure 39 could be prepared from compound of structure 38 through treatment with osmium tetroxide and sodium periodate in a '0 00; . <S00'. r 012543 -44- solvent such as THF and water and réduction of the résultant intermediate withsodium borohydride in a solvent such as éthanol.
Compounds of structures 38 and 34 could be prepared from compound ofstructure 33 according to the principles described in method 3.
An alternative procedure for the synthesis of alcohol 39 (n =0) involves thetreatment of a compound of structure 36 with a métal borohydride, such as sodiumborohydride in a solvent such as tetrahydrofurari or DME and alike to give acompound of structure 37, the fluorination of which could be achived in a similarmanner to the préparation of a compound of strucutre 40. A compound ofstructure 36 could be prepared from compound of structure 35 through treatmentwith sodium or lithium chloride in aqueous DMSO at a température between roomtempérature and reflux. Preferably the reaction is carried out using sodiumchloride in aqueous DMSO at reflux. A compound of structure 35 could beprepared from compound of structure 34 through treatment with a suitable methylmalonic acid diester, such as dimethyl methylmalonate and alike with sodiumhydride in a solvent such as DMSO or THF and alike. Preferably the reaction iscarried out by adding NaH to a solution of dimethyl methylmalonate in DMSOfollowed by the addition of the lactam 34 (where LG is preferably iodide or asdefined in method 3) pre-dissolved in DMSO.
Compounds 39 and 37 can be converted to the free amino acids bearing ahydroxyl group by the methods described above.
The following compounds could be prepared in this manner: (3 S)-3-Aminomethyl-6-fluoro-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; (3 S)-3-Arninomethyl-6-fluoro-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; (3 S)-3-Aminomethyl-7-fluoro-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; (3 S)-3-Aminomethyl-8-fluoro-5-methyl-octanoic acid;(3S)-3-Aminomethyl-9-fluoro-5-methyl-nonanoic acid;(3S)-3-Aminomethyî-7-hydroxy-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; and(3S)-3-Aminomethyl-6-hydroxy-5-methyl-hexanoic acid. 012543 -45-
Method 5
A compound of structure 41 could be prepared from compound ofstructure 39 through treatment with a suitable alkyl iodide (or alkyl sulphonate), 5 such as methyl iodide and alike, and a base such as n-butyl lithium or sodiumhydride and alike, in a solvent such as DMSO or THF and alike. Preferably thereaction is carried out by adding NaH to a solution of the alcohol in DMSOfollowed by the addition of the alkyl iodide and heating of the reaction mixture ata température between room température and reflux. The conversion of 10 compounds of structure 41 to the γ-amino acids has been described above.
Altematively, compounds of structure 41 could be derived from compounds of structure 42 (where LG = iodide, bromide or an sulphonic acidester, as exampled in method 3) by treatment of an appropriate alkoxy anion in asolvent such as DMSO or THF and alike. A compound of structure 42would also 15 serve as a substrate for carbon-carbon bond forming procedures as outlined inmethod 3.
Compounds which could be prepared in this manner include: 012543 /«./O. if! w<* -46- (3S)-3-Aminomethyl-7-hydroxy-5-methyl-heptanoic acid;(3S)-3-Ammomethyl-7-methoxy-5-methyl-heptanoicacid;(3S)-3-Aminomethyl-7-ethoxy-5-methyl-heptanoic acid;(3S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-7-propoxy-heptanoic acid; 5 (3S)-3-Aminomethyl-7-fluoromethoxy-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; (3S)-3-Aminomeîhyl-7-(2-fluoro-ethoxy)-5-methyl-heptanoicacid;(3S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-7-(3,33'Îrifluoro-propoxy)-heptanoic acid;(3S)-3-Aminomethyl-6-hydroxy-5-methyl-hexanoic acid;(3S)-3-Aminomethyl-6-methoxy-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; 10 (3S)-3-Aminomethyl-6-ethoxy-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; (3S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-6-propoxy-hexanoic acid;(3S)-3-Aminome1hyl-6-fluoroniethoxy-5-inethyl-hexanoicacid;(3S)-3-Aminomethyl-6-(2-fluoro-ethoxy)-5-methyi-hexanoic acid; and(3S)-3-Aminomethyl-5“methyl-6-(3,353-trifluoro-propoxy)-hexanoic acid. 10 ’ - 012543 c. -47-
Method 6 (S)-Citronellol and/or (S)-Citronellyl bromide
"R2'"or"R20’"orR2I
44
O
R-> X= \ / ho2c * Ph Ph*
45 46
*2
10
Compounds of structure 53 could be prepared from a compound ofstructure 45 as shown above and by the general procedures described in5 Hoekstra et. al., Organic Process Research and Development, 1997;1:26-38.
Compounds of structure 45 can be prepared from compounds ofstructure 44 by treatment with a solution of chromium trioxide in water/sulfuricacid. Alternative methods of cleaving the olefîn in 44 could be utilized as detailedin Hudlicky, Oxîdations in Organic Chemistry, ACS Monograph 186, ACS1990:77. 4* wooa - ' r/usv · 012543 -48-
Compounds of structure 44 (where R2 = alkyl, branched alkyl, cycloalkyl,alkyl-cycloalkyl) could be prepared from (S)-citronellyl bromide by carbon-carbon bond forming reactions known in the art and as described in method 3. Thesubstitution of the halide in (S)-citronellyl bromide with alkoxy anions could alsobe used to provide compounds of structure 44 where R - alkoxy or phenoxy ethers(and appropriate substitutions thereof as according to Formula 1). Altematively(S)-citronellol could be utilized to afford compounds of structure 44 by treatmentof (S)-citronellol with a base such as sodium hydride, and treatment of therésultant alkoxide with an appropriate alkyl halide to afford ethers. In anothermethod (S)-citronellyl bromide (or an appropriate sulphonic ester such as, but notlimited to, methanesulfonic acid (S)-3,7-dimethyl-oct-6-enyl ester) could bereduced with an appropriate métal borohydride or with an aluminum hydridespecies, such as LAH, to provide (R)-2,6-dimethyl-oct-2-ene.
To one skilled in the art it will be appreciated that rational choice of eitherR- or iS-citronellol or R- or S-citronellyl bromide would give rise to the requisiteisomer at C5 of the final amino acid.
Compounds which could be prepared in this manner include: (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-7-methoxy-5-methyî-heptanoicacid; (3 S ,5 S)-3 - Aminomethyl -7 -ethoxy-5 -methyl-heptanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-7-propoxy-heptanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-7-isopropoxy-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-7-terZ-butoxy-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; ' (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-7-fluoromethoxy-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-7-(2-fluoro-ethoxy)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-7-(3,3,3-trifluoro-propoxy)-heptanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-7-benzyloxy-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-7-phenoxy-heptanoicacid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-7-(4-chloro-phenoxy)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-7-(3-chloro-phenoxy)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-7-(2-chloro-phenoxy)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; (3 S ,5 S)-3-Aminomethyî-7-(4-fluoro-phenoxy)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; 012543 -49- (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-7-(3-fluoro-phenoxy)-5-methyl-heptanoicacid; (3 S,5S)-3-Aminomethyl-7 -(2-fluoro-phenoxy)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-7-(4-methoxy-phenoxy)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-7-(3- methoxy -phenoxy)-5-methyl-heptanoic 5 acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-7-(2- methoxy -phenoxy)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; (3 S,5 S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-7-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-heptanoic acid; 10 (3S,5S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-7-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)- heptanoic acid; (3 S,5 S)-3-Aminomethyl-5 -methyl-7-(2-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-heptanoic acid; (3 S,5S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-7-(4-nitro-phenoxy)-heptanoic acid; 15 (3S,5S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-7-(3-nitro-phenoxy)-heptanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-7-(2-nitro-phenoxy)-heptanoic acid; (3 S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-7-cyclopropyl-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; (3 S ,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-7-cyclobutyl-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; (3 S ,5R)-3 -Aminomethyl-7 -cy clopentyl-5 -methyl-heptanoic acid; 20 (3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-7-cyclohexyl-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; (3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-8-cyclopropyl-5-methyl-octanoic acid;(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-8-cyclobutyl-5-methyl-octanoic acid;(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-8-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-octanoic acid; (3 S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-8-cyclohexyl-5-methyl-octanoic acid; 25 (3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; (3 S,5R)-3-Aminomethyî-5-methyl-octanoic acid;(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-nonanoic acid; (3 S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-decanoic acid; (3 S ,5R)-3 -Aminomethy 1- 5 -methyl -undecanoic acid; 30 (3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5,9-dimethyl-decanoic acid; (3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5,8-dimethyl-nonanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-7-fluoro-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; (3 S,5R)-3-Aminomethyî-8-fluoro-5-methyl-octanoic acid; 00? »958 10
θ ï 2 5 4 3 i/L -50- (3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-8,8,8-Îrifluoro-5-methyl-octanoic acid;(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyi-5-methyI-7-phenyl-heptanoic acid;(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-7-(4-chloro-phenyl)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid;(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-7-(3-chloro-phenyl)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid;(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-7-(2-chloro-phenyl)-5-methyl-heptanoicacid;(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-7-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid;(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-7-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid;(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-7-(2-methoxy-phenyl)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid;(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-7-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid;(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-7-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid;(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-7-(2-fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; and(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5,l O-dimethyl-undecanoic acid.
Method 7
15 A compound of structure 58 can be prepared from a compound of structure 57 by treatment with borontrifluoride diethyletherate and triethylsilane ina solvent such as CH2CI2· Altematively the method described in Meyers, J. Org.Chem., 1993;58:36-42, could be utilized thus treating a compound of structure 57 012543 ί/USÊ 5 -51- with sodium cyanoborohydride in a solvent such as THF/methanol with 3% HClin methanol. A compound of structure 57 can be prepared from a compound ofstructure 56 by treatment with dimethylamine in a solvent such as DMF and alikeaccording to the procedure of Koot, Tetrahedron Lett., 1992;33:7969-7972. A compound of structure 56 can be prepared from a compound ofstructure 54 by treatment of a suitable primary halide 55 (iodide, bromide, orchloride) under standard transmetallation conditions with tBuLi and treatment ofthe résultant organometallic reagent with suitable copper sait, such as but notlimited to, copper bromide or copper iodide. The résultant organo-cuprate is addedto lactam (see Koot et al, J. Org. Chem., 1992;57:1059-1061 for the préparation ofthe chiral lactam 54) in a solvent such as THF and alike. The procedure of Koot,Tetrahedron Lett., 1992;33:7969-7972 exemplifies this method.
To one skilled in the art it will be appreciated that rational choice of eitherR- or S-primary halides 55 would give rise to the requisite isomer at C5 of thefinal amino acid.
Compounds which could be prepared in this manner include: (3 S ,5 S)-3 -Aminomethy 1-5 -methoxy-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-ethoxy-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-propoxy-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-isopropoxy-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-ieri-butoxy-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-fluoromethoxy-hexanoie acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-(2-fiuoTo-ethoxy)-hexanoic acid; (3 S,5 S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-(3,3,3-trifluoro-propoxy)-hexanoic acid; (3 S ,5 S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-phenoxy-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-(4-chloro-phenoxy)-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-(3-chloro-phenoxy)-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-(2-chloro-phenoxy)-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-(4-fluoro-phenoxy)-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-(3-fluoro-phenoxy)-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-(2-fluoro-phenoxy)-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-(4-methoxy-phenoxy)-hexanoic acid; 012543 acid; acid: acid; acid; -52- (35.55) -3-Aminoniethyl-5-(3-methoxy-phenoxy)-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aininomethyl-5-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-hexanoicacid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-(4-nitro-phenoxy)-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-(3-nitro-phenoxy)-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-(2-nitro-phenoxy)-hexanoicacid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-6-methoxy-5-inethyl-hexanoicacid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-6-eÎhoxy-5-methyl-hexaiioic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-6-propoxy-hexanoic acid; (3S,5S>3-Aininomethyl-6-isopropoxy-5-methyl-hexanoicacid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-6-/err-butoxy-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-6-fluoromethoxy-5-methyl-hexanoicacid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-6-(2-fluoro-ethoxy)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-methyi-6-(3,3,3-trifluoro-propoxy)-hexanoic (3 S,5S)-3-Ammomethyl-5-methyl-6-phenoxy-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-6-(4-chloro-phenoxy)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-6-(3-chloro-phenoxy)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-6-(2-chloro-phenoxy)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-6-(4-fluoro-phenoxy)-5-metliyl-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Ammomethyl-6-(3-fluoro-phenoxy)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-6-(2-fluoro-phenoxy)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-6-(4-methoxy-phenoxy)-5-methyI-hexanoic acid;(3 S,5 S)-3-Aminomethyl-6-(3-methoxy-phenoxy)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid;(3 S,5S)-3-Aminomethyl-6-(2-inethoxy-phenoxy)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl6-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-hexanoic (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl 6-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-hexanoic (3S,5S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl 6-(2-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-hexanoic (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl 6-(4-mtro-phenoxy)-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyi-5-methyl 6-(3-nitro-phenoxy)-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-AminomethyI-5-methyl 6-(2-nitro-phenoxy)-hexanoic acid; 012543 000/7o*= -53- (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-6-benzyloxy-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; (3 S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-6-cyclopropyl-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; (3 S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-6-cyclobutyl-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; (3 S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-6-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-hexanoic acid;(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-6-cyclohexyl-5-methyl-hexanoic acid;(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; (3 S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-octanoic acid; (3 S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5-me1hyl-nonanoic acid; (3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-decanoicacid; (3 S,5R)-3-Aminomethyî-5-methyl-undecanoic acid; (3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-dodecanoicacid; (3S?5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5 J-dimethyl-octanoic acid; (3 S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5,8-dimethyl-nonanoic acid; (3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5,9-dimethyl-decanoicacid; (3 S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5,l O-dimethyl-undecanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5,6-dimethyl-heptanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5,6,6-trimethyl-heptanoic acid; (3 S,5S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-cyclopropyl-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-6-fluoro-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-7-fluoro-5-methyl-heptanoic acid;(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-8-fluoro-5-methyl-octanoic acid; (3 S,5S)-3-Aminomethyl-7,7,7-trifluoro-5-methyl-heptanoic acid;_(3S,5R)-3-Arainomethyl-8,8,8-trifluoro-5-methyl-octanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-6-phenyl-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-6-(4-chloro-phenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-6-(3-chloro-phenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-6-(2-chloro-phenyl)-5-methyî-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-6-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-6-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Anûnomethyl-6-(2-methoxy-phenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid;(3 S?5 S)-3-Aminomethyl-6-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyî-6-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-6-(2-fluoro-phenyl)-5-niethyl-hexanoic acid; W .· <w/ /·>>ο« 012543 -54- (3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5-meihyl-7-phenyl-hepianoic acid;(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-7-(4-chloro-phenyl)-5-methyl-heptanoïc acid;(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyi-7-(3-chloro-phenyl)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid;(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-7-(2-chloro-phenyl)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid;(3S,5R)-3-ArQinomethyl-7-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-5-methyl-heptanoicaeid;(3 S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-7-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-5-methyl-lieptanoic acid;(3S,5R)-3-Aimnomethyl-7-(2-methoxy-phenyl)-5-methyl-heptaiioicacid;(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-7-(4-fluoro-phgnyl)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid;(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-7-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-heptanoicacid; (3 S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-7-(2-fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; (3S,5S)-3-AminomeÎhyl-5-methyl-hept-6-enoicacid; (3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-oct-7-enoic acid;(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5-nïethyl-non-8-enoicacid; (E)-(3 S.5S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-oct-6-enoic acid; (Z)-(3 S,5S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl.-oct-6-enoic acid;(Z)-(3S,5S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-non-6-enoicacid; (E)-(3 S,5 S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-non-6-enoic acid; (E)-(3 S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-non-7-enoic acid; (Z)-(3 S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-non-7-enoic acid;(Z)-(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-dec-7-enoic acid; and(E)-(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-undec-7-enoic acid.
Method 8
39 59 60 WOOO/· °12543 -55- A compound of structure 60 can be prepared from a compound ofstructure 59 through treatment with an appropriateîy substituted phénol (includingphénol itself) trader conditions described by Mitsunobu, Synthesis, 1981:1. A compound of structure 59 could be prepared ftom compound of5 structure 39 by treatment with sodium or lithium métal and alike in ammonia.
Preferably, the reaction is carried out with sodium métal in ammonia.
The direct hydrolysis of compound 60 would give rise to the desired aminoacid or the approach via hydrolysis of the Boc protected lactam could be utilized.
Compounds which could be prepared in this manner include: 10 (3S)-3-Aminomethyî-5-methyl-7-phenoxy-heptanoic acid; (3S)-3-Aminomethyl-7-(4-chloro-phenoxy)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; (3S)-3-Aminomethyl-7-(3-chloro-phenoxy)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; (3 S)-3-Aminomethyl-7-(2-chloro-phenoxy)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; - (3S)-3-Ammomethyl-7-(4-fluoro-phenoxy)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; 15 (3S)-3-Aminomethyl-7-(3-fluoro-phenoxy)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; (3S)-3-Aminomethyl-7-(2-fluoro-phenoxy)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; (3S)-3-Aminomethyl-7-(4-methoxy-phenoxy)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; (3S)-3-Aminomethyl-7-(3-methoxy -phenoxy)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; (3S,)-3-Aminomethyl-7-(2-methoxy -phenoxy)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid;20 (3S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-7-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-heptanoic acid; (3S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-7-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-heptanoic acid; (3S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-7-(2-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-heptanoic 25 acid; (3 S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-7-(4-nitro-phenoxy)-heptanoic acid;(3S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-7-(3-nitro-phenoxy)-heptanoic acid;(3S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-7-(2-nitro-phenoxy)-heptanoic acid; (3 S)-3-Aminomethyl-6-(3 -chloro-phenoxy)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; 30 (3S)-3-Aminomethyl-6-(2-chloro-phenoxy)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; (3 S)-3-Aminomethyl-6-(4-fluoro-phenoxy)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid;(3S)-3-Ammomethyl-6-(3-fluoro-phenoxy)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid;(3S)-3-Aminomethyl-6-(2-fluoro-phenoxy)-5-methyï-hexanoic acid; ‘VO«n
•ZÜSOO 012543 -56- (3 S)-3-Aminomethyl-6-(4-methoxy-phenoxy)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid;(3 S)-3-Aminomethyl-6-(3-methoxy-phenoxy)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid;(3 S)-3-Aminomethyl-6-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid;(3 S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl 6-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-hexanoic 5 acid; (3S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl 6-(3-trifluoromethyi-phenoxy)-hexanoic acid; (3S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl 6-(2-trifIuoromethyl-phenoxy)-hexanoic acid; 10 (3S)-3-Aminomèthyl-5-methyl 6-(4-nitro-phenoxy)-hexanoic acid; (3S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl 6-(3-nitro-phenoxy)-hexanoic acid;(3S)-3-Ammomethyl-5-methyl 6-(2-nitro-phenoxy)-hexanoic acid;(3S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-6-phenoxy-hexanoic acid; and(3 S)-3-Aminomethyl-6-(4-chloro-phenoxy)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid. 15 Method 9 Synthesis of C-4 substituted analogs
NC COzEt
CO2tBu
R 62B A compound of structure 64 could be prepared from compound ofstructure 63 by treatment of 63 with hydrogen at 50 psi in the presence of acatalyst such as such as Raney nickel in the presence of a base such as triethyl 20 amine in an organic solvent for example methanol. The resulting product is thentreated with an aqueous acid such as 6N HCl at a température between roomtempérature and reflux. The resulting mixture could be subjected to ion exchangechromatography to isolate the product 64. A compound of structure 63 can be prepared from a compound of 25 structure 62B by treatment with an appropriate base, such as but not limited too *0ί>1* 012543 -57- sodium hydride, n-butyl lithium and alike, and an alkylating reagent such ast-butylbromoacetate or benzylbromoacetate in a solvent such as DMSO or THF analike. Preferably, the reaction is carried out by treating a solution of a compoundof structure 62B in THF with sodium hydride and alkylation of the résultant anion 5 with t-butylbromoaceate. A compound of structure 62B can be prepared from a compound ofstructure 62A by treatment with sodium chloride in a solvent such as aqueousDMSO at a température between 50°C and reflux. A compound of structure 62A can be prepared from a compound of10 structure 61 by treatment with an appropriate aîkylmetalhalide such as an alkyllithium reagent or an organomagnesium halide in a solvent such as THF orether in the presenee of a copper sait, such as but not limited to copper iodide,copper bromide dimethylsulphide. Altematively, the reaction may be carried outby the treatment of the nitrile in a solvent such as ether at, or below, room 15 température with an alkylmagenisum chloride. A compound such as 61 can be prepared according to known literatureprocedures between the condensation of isobutylaldheyde andmethylcyanoacetate. ’OW' FCTZÜS· 012543 -58-
Method 10: C-4 Substitution
Doubly branched 3-substituted GABA analogs 72 can be prepared in twosteps from the azide 71 through hydrogénation of the azide 71 in the presence of a 5 noble métal catalyst such as 5% palladium on carbon and hydroiysis of the resulting lactam with a strong acid such as 6 N HCl at reflux. The final product 72can then be isolated using ion exchange chromatography.
Compound 71 can be prepared in two steps by treatment of a lactône suchas 70 with HBr in a solvent such as éthanol at a température such as 0°C and 10 reacting the resulting bromide with sodium azide in a solvent such as dimethylsulfoxide at a température between 10°C and 80°C.
Lactone 70 can be prepared in two steps by oxidation of a compound suchas 69 with an oxidant such as sodium periodate in the presence of a catalyticamount of ruthénium trichloride in a solvent such as acetonitrile at a température 15 between 0°C and 100°C and treatment of the resulting compound with potassium carbonate in methanol followed at a température between 25°C and 70°C and thentreatment with an acid such as p-toluene sulfonic acid in a solvent such as THF atreflux or an aqueous acid such as HCl in water at ambient température. ΛΌ Ül 1' 012543
,'T/ÏJSÜl»/ 13 J .W -59- A compound such as 69 can be prepared by a by réduction of a compoundsuch as 68 with a hydride reducing agent such as lithium aluminum hydride in asolvent such as ether or THF and reaction of the resulting alcohol with anacylating agent such as acetic anhydride in the presence of a base such as triethylamine or pyridine or the like.
Compounds of structure 68 can be prepared by reaction of a compoundsuch as 67 with hydrogen at approximately 50 psi in the presence of a noble métalcatalyst such as 5% palladium on carbon in a solvent such as éthanol. Acompound of the formula 67 can be prepared by reaction of a compound ofstructure 66 with a solution of éthanol saturated with hydrogen bromide gas. Acompound such as 66 can be prepared from a compound such as 65 by treatmentof a compound such as one with a strong base such as lithium diisopropyl aminein a solvent such as THF ht a température such as -78°C and reaction of theresulting anion with a compound such as benzyl bromide or benzyl iodide.Compounds of the structure 66 (R = H or loweralkyl) can be prepared in opücalforrn from methods known in the literature (Davies, J. Org. Chem., 1999;64(23):8501-8508; Koch J. Qrg. Chem., 1993;58(10):2725-37; Afonso,Tetrahedron, 1993;49(20):4283-92; Bertus, Tetrahedron, Asymmetry1999;10(7):1369-1380; Yamamoto, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1992;114(20):7652-60).
Spécifie Examples
Example 3 77 76 'Ό f' 012543 -60- l-BenzyI-4-hydroxymethyl-pyrroIidine-2-one 74
Sodium borohydride (8.0 g, 0.211 mol) was added to a solution of methyl- l-benzyl-5-oxo-3-pyrrolidnecarboxylate 73 (See Zoretic et al, J. Org. Chem.,1980;45:810-814 for general method of synthesis) (32.0 g, 0.137 mol) in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (600 mL) and refluxed for 19 hours. The reaction wascooled to room température and 200 mL of water was added. The reaction wasquenched with 1 M citric acid and concentrated under reduced pressure. Theresidue was extracted with dichloromethane, dried over magnésium sulfate, andevaporated to dryness to give 17.47 g, 62% of the alcohol 74 as clear oil.lH NMR (CDC13) δ 7.30 (m, 5H), 4.38 (d, 1H, 14.7), 4.46 (d, 1H, J= 14.7), 3.56 (m, 2H), 3.36 (m, 1H), 3.10 (m, 1H), 2.52 (m, 2H), 2.26 (m, 1H). MS, m/z(relative intensity): 207 [M+2H, 66%]. IR (KBr) 3345,2946,2866,1651, 1445,1025,737, and 698 cm-1. 1 -Benzyl-4-iodomethyI-py rrolidin-2-one 75
To alcohol lactam 74 (11.18 g, 0.056 mol) in 210 mL toluene was added in tum, triphenylphosphine (20.0 g, 0.076 mol), imidazole (10.8 g, 0.159 mol), andiodine (19.0 g, 0.075 mol). After stirring the suspension for 1.5 hours, thesupematant was poured into another flask. The sticky yellow residue was washedtwice with ether and the solutions were combined. The solvent was evaporatedand the residue was chromatographed on silica, eluting with 1:1 acetone/hexane togive 7.92 g, 46% of the iodolactam 75 as yellow oil. NMR (CDCI3) 5 7.25 (m, 5H), 4.38 (d, 1H, J= 14.6), 4.46 (d, 1H, 14.6), 3.38 (dd, 1H, /= 7.8 and 2.2), 3.20 (dd, 1H, J= 5.6 and 4.4), 3.12 (dd, 1H, J= 7.3 and 2.4), 2.96 (dd, 1H, 5.8 and 4.4), 2.60 (m, 2H), 2.22 (dd, 1H, J= 10.5 and 9.7). MS, m/z (relativeintensity): 224 [M-H-Bn, 94%], 317 [M+2H, 64%]. IR 3027,2917,1688, 1438,1267, and 701 cm-1. l-Benzyl-4-(2-methyî-pentyl)-pyrrolidin-2-one 76
To a suspension of magnésium tumings (0.50 g, 0.021 mol) in 15 mL of dry THF under nitrogen, was added an iodine crystal and 2-bromopentane (2.88 g,0.019 mol). After an exothermic reaction which was periodically cooled in an ice 012543. -61- bath, the reaction was stiiTed at room température for 2 hours. Eight milliliters ofLÎ2CuCl4 (made from 84 mg LiCl and 134 mg CuCÎ2 in 10 mL of dry THF) wasadded at 0°C followed by dropwise addition of l-Benzyl-4-iodomethyl-pyroiidine-2-one 75 in 15 mL dry THF, and the resulting suspension was let stir at 5 0°C for 3 hours. Stirring was continued at room température for 1 hour before quenching with a saturated solution of ammonium chloride. Water was added todissolve the precipitate formed, and the solution was then extracted with ether anddried over magnésium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated trader vacuum and theresidue chromatographed on silica eluting with 1:1 acetone/hexane to give 1.13 g, 10 69% of the 1 -benzyl-4-(2-methyl-pentyl)-pyrrolidin-2-one 76, NMR (CDCI3) δ 7.30 (m, 5H), 4.44 (m, 2H), 3.32 (m, 1H), 2.86 (m, 1H), 2.56 (m, 1H), 2.40 (m,1H), 2.10 (m, 1H), 1.30 (m, 6H), 1.10 (m, 1H), 0.90 (m, 6H). MS, m/z (relativeintensity): 261 [M+2H, 100%], 301 [M-H+CH3CN, 82%], 260 [M+H, 72%]. 4-(2-Methyî-pentyï)-pyrrolidin-2-one 77 15 A 250 mL 3-neck flask equipped with a dry ice condenser was chilled to -78°C. Ammonia (80 mL) was condensed into the flask and l-benzyl-4-(2-methyl-pentyl)-pyrrolidin-2-one 76 (1.67 g, 0.006 mol) in 15 mL THF was added. Freshlyeut sodium beads were added until a deep blue color persisted. The cooling bathwas removed and the reaction stirred at reflux (-33°C) for 1 hour. The reaction 20 was quenched with ammonium chloride and the excess ammonia was allowed toevaporate. The resulting residue was diluted with water, extracted withdichloromethane, and dried over magnésium sulfate. Evaporation of the solventfollowed by chromatography on silica eluting with 1:1 acetone/hexane gave0.94 g, 86% of the 4-(2-Methyl-pentyl)-pyrrolidin-2-one 77. NMR (CDCI3) 25 δ 6.25 (br, 1H), 3.44 (m, 1H), 2.95 (m, 1H), 2.54 (m, 1H), 2.40 (m, 1H), 1.98(m, 1H), 1.30 (m, 6H), 0.80 (m, 6H). MS, m/z (relative intensity): 212[M+2H+CH3CN, 100%], 171 [M+2H, 72%], 170 [M+1H, 65%]. WO W|» 012643 PCT/n*> -62- 3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-octanoic acid (Example 3)
The 4-(2-methyl-pentyl)-pyrroîidin-2-one 77 (0.94 g, 0.007 mol) was dissolved in 70 mL of 6N HCl and refluxed for 20 hours. The solution wasevaporated under vacuum and an aqueous solution of the residue was applied to 5 Dowex 50WX 8-100 (strongly acidic) ion exchange resin that had been washedwith HPLC grade water. The column was eluted, first with water until the eluentwas at constant pH, and then with 5% ammonium hydroxide solution. Theammonium hydroxide fractions were evaporated and azeotroped with toluene. Thewhite solid was washed with acetone filtered and dried in a vacuum oven for 10 24 hours to give the amino acid 0.61 g, 59%. NMR (CD3OD) δ 3.00 (m, 1H), 2.85 (m, 1H), 2.48 (m, 1H), 2.30 (m, 1H), 2.14 (bnn, 1H), 1.60 (bnn, 1H), 1.38(m, 4H), 1.18 (m, 2H), 0.60 (m, 6H). MS, m/z (relative intensity): 188 [M+H,100%). l'C'i/; .. 012543 -63- £xample4: Synihesis of 3-Aminomethyl-5,7-dimethyl-octanoic acid
81 80
l-(4-Methoxy-benzyI)-5-oxo-pyrroIidine-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester 79To 4-methoxybenzylamine (42 g, 0.306 mol) in methanol (40 mL) at 0°C 5 was added the dimethyl itaconate (48 g, 0.306 mol) in methanol (13 mL). Thesolution was stirred at room température for 4 days. IN HCl was added to thesolution followed by ether. The two layers were separated and the aqueous phase «vo ‘
PCT 012543 -64- extracted with ether. The combined organic phases were dried (MgSO4). bfponfiltration of the drying agent the desired materiel 79 precipitated from solution thatwas collected and dried under vacuum. 23.26 g, 29%. MS, m/z (relative intensity):264 [M+H, 100%]. Anal. Calcd for C14H17N1O4: C, 63.87; H, 6.51; N, 5.32. 5 Found: C, 63.96; H, 6.55; N, 529. 4-HydroxymethyI-l-(4-methoxy-benzyl)-pyrrolidiiie-2-one 80
NaBH4 (15 g, 0.081 mol) was added in portions to ester 79 in éthanol (600 mL) at room température. After 4.5 hours water (-200 mL) was carefullyadded to the reaction and the solution stirred at room température ovemight. The 10 résultant sohd was removed by filtration and the filtrate concentrated to givealcohol 80 as an oil. 15.33 g, 81%. MS, m/z (relative intensity): 235 [M+H, 100%). 4-Iodomethyi-l -(4-methoxy-benzyl)-pyrrolidin-2-one 81
To alcohol 80 (12.9 g, 0.055 mol) in PhMe was added triphenylphosphine 15 (20 g, 0.077 mol), imidazole (10.8 g, 0.16 mol), and iodine (19 g, 0.075 mol). The suspension was stirred at room température 5 hours. A saturated aqueous solutionof sodium thiosulphate was added and the two layers separated. The aqueousphase was extracted with ether and the combined organic phases washed withbrine, dried (MgSC>4) and concentrated. Flash chromatography (6:1 to 4:1 20 toluene/acetone) of the residue gave iodide 81 as an oil. 11.9g, 63%. MS, m/z (relative intensity): 346 [M+H, 100%]. 4-(2,4-Dimethyî-pentyl)-l-(4-naetboxy-benzyI)-pyrroIidin-2-one 82 A procedure simîlar to the préparation of l-benzyl-4-(2-methyl-pentyl)- pyrrolidin-2-one 76 was utilized to give 4-(2,4-dimethyl-pentyl)-l-(4-methoxy- 25 benzyl)-pyrrolidin-2-one as an oil. 1.22g, 29%. MS, m/z (relative intensity): 304 [M+H, 100%]. 4-(2,4-Dimethy!-pentyl)-pyrrolidin-2-one 83
To the lactam (1.17 g, 3.86 mmol) in MeCN (20 mL) at 0°C was added ceric ammonium nitrate (4.2 g, 7.7 mmol) in H2O (10 mL). After 50 minutes a 012543 *
PCI -65- further portion of ceric ammonium nitrate (2.1 g, 3.86 mmol) was added, and after1 hour the mixture was absorbed onto silica and flash chromatographed to give anoil. MS, m/z (relative intensity): 183 [M+H, 100%]. 3-Aminomethyl-5,7-dimethyl-octanoic acid (Example 4) 5 A procedure similar to the préparation of 3-aminomethyl-5-methyl- octanoic acid (Example 3) was utilized to give the amino acid as a solid. MS, m/z(relative intensity): 202 [M+H, 100%].
Example 5: Synthesis of (S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-octanoic acid
i
I
10 (S)-4-Hydroxymetbyl-l-((S)-l-pbenyl-etfayl)-pyrroIidin-2-one 84
To the ester 33 (49 g, 0.198 mol) in EtOH (600 mL) was added sodiumborohydride (22 g, 0.595 mol). After 7 hours, 1 M citric acid was carefully addedand, after effervescence had ceased, water was added to fully quench the reaction.The éthanol was removed under reduced pressure and ethyl acetate added. Therésultant two layers were separated, the aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc, 15 WO(>· 012543 -66- and the combined organic phases dried (MgSC>4) and concentraîed to give a heavyoil. MS, m/z (relative intensity): [M+H, 100%]. (S)-4-Iodomethyl-l-((S)-l-phenyl-ethyl)-pyrrolidin-2-one 85 A procedure similar to the iodination of compound 80 was utilized giving 5 iodide 85 as an oil. 35.2 g, 56%. Anal. Calcd for C13H1 gljNj Oj : C, 47.43; H,4.90; N, 4.25. Found: C, 47.41; H, 4.83; N, 4.17. 4-(2-Methyl-pentyl)-l-((S)-l-phenyl-ethyl)-pyrrolidin-2-one86 A procedure similar to the préparation of l-benzyl-4-(2-methyl-pentyl)- pyrroîidin-2-one 76 was utilized to give 2.71 g, 81.0% of 86 as an oil. MS, m/z10 (relative intensity): 274 [M+1H, 100%], 315 [M+H+CH3CN, 65%]. (S)-4-(2-Methyl-pentyï)-pyrrolidin-2-one 87 A procedure similar to the préparation' of 4-(2-methyl-pentyl)-pyrrolidin-2- one 77 was used to give 1.14 g, 72.8% of 87 as an oil. MS, m/z (relative intensity):170 [M+1H, 10%], 211 [M+IH+CH3CN, 90%]. 15 Example 5: (S)-3-Aminomethyî-5-methyl-octanoic acid A procedure similar to the préparation of 3-aminomethyl-5-methyl- octanoic acid (Example 3) was used to give the amino acid (example 5) 0.88 g,74.3%. iHNMR (CD3OD) δ 2.95 (m, 1H), 2.80 (m, 1H), 2.40 (m, 1H), 2.25 (m, 1H), 2.05 (brm, 1H), 1.50 (brm, 1H), 1.30 (m, 4H), 1.10 (m, 2H), 0.90 (m, 6H).20 MS, m/z (relative intensity): 188 [M+1H, 100%], 186 [M-1H, 100%], 229 [M+IH+CH3CN, 30%]. fl. ·'« JT/k , 012543 -67-
Example 6: Synthesis of (S)-3-Aminomethyl-7-methoxy-5-methyl-heptanoicacid
(S)-4-(2-Methyî-pent-4-enyl)-l-((S)-l-phenyl-ethyï)-pyrroiidiB-2-one 88 5 A procedure similar to the préparation of 1 -benzyl-4-(2-methyl-pentyl)- pyrrolidin-2-one 76 was followed giving the adduct 88 as an oil. 6 g, 74%. MS,m/z (relative intensity): 272 [M+H, 100%]. (S)-4-(4-Hydroxy-2-metbyI-butyî)-l-((S)-l-phenyl-ethyl)-pyrroIidin-2-one 89OSO4 (2 mL of a 4% wt solution in t-BuOH) was added to the alkene 88 10 (5.8 g, 0.021 mol) in THF/H2O (3:1,100 mL). After 1 hour, sodium periodate (11.4 g, 0.053 mol) was added. After 2 hours, the suspension was filtered and thesolids washed with dichloromethane. The filtrate was concentrated and the residueazeotroped with toluene. The residue was dissolved in éthanol and sodiumborohydride (2.5 g) added. The suspension was stirred at room température 15 ovemight. IN citric acid was added and the mixture diluted with ether. Therésultant two layers were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted withether and the combined organic dried (MgSC>4) and concentrated. Flash 01254 3 . -68- chromatography (1:1 hexane/EtOAc) of the residue gave an oil. 4.2 g, 73%. MS,m/z (relative intensity): 276 [M+H, 100%]. (S)-4-(4-Methoxy-2-methyl-butyl)-l-((S)-l-phenyI-ethyl)-pyrrolidin-2-one 90To alcohol 89 (2 g, 7.66 mmol) in DMSO (60 mL) at room température 5 was added NaH (368 mg, 60% in oil). After 30 minutes the methyl iodide (1.08 g,7.66 mmol) was added and the solution stured at room température ovemight,upon which the reaction was diluted with water (500 mL). The solution wasextracted with ether, and the combined organic extracts were dried (MgSC>4) and concentrated. Flash chromatography (90% to 50% hexane/acetone) of the residue 10 gave the product 90 as an oil (1.1 g, 52%). MS m/z 290 (M+H, 100%). (S)-4-(4-Methoxy-2-methyl-butyI)-pyrroIidin-2-one 91 A procedure similar to the synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-pentyl)-pyrrolidin-2- one 77 was utilized giving lactam 91 as an oil. MS m/z 186 (M+H, 100%).
Example 6: (S)-3-Aminomethyl-7-methoxy-5-methyI-heptanoic acid 15 A procedure similar to the synthesis of example 3 was followed. The résultant amino acid isolated from ion-exchange chromatography wasrecrystailized from methanol/ethyl acetate to give the example 6 as a white solid.MS m/z 204 (M+H, 100%). Anal. Calcdfor C10H21N1O3: C, 59.09; H, 10.41; N,6.89. Found: C, 58.71; H, 10.21; N, 6.67. . 012543
PCT -69-
Example 7: Synthesis of (S)-3-AminomethyI-6-fluoro-5-methyî-hexanoic acid
92 93
NaBH4, EtOH
6NHC1
2-Methyl-2-[(S)-5-oxo-l-((S)-l-phenyI-ethyI)-pyrroIidin-3-yhnethyl}-malonicacid dimethyl ester 92 5 To dimethyl methylmalonate (1.06 g, 7.29 mmol) in DMSO (7 mL) at room température was added NaH (291 mg of a 60% dispersion in oil). After theeffervescence had ceased the lactam 85 (2 g, 7.29 mol) in DMSO (5 mL) wasadded. After 1 hour water was added and the aqueous solution extracted withether. The combined organic extracts were dried (MgSÛ4) and concentrated. 10 Flash chromatography (1:1 hexane/acetone) of the residue gave the product as anoil (1.7 g, 81%). MS m/z 348 (M+H, 100%). 2-Methyl-3-i(S)-5-oxo-l-((S)-l-phenyl-ethyl)-pyrrolidin-3-yl}-propionic acidmethyl ester 93
The ester 92 (483 mg, 1.4 mmol), NaCl (104 mg, 1.8 mmol), water 15 (105 pL) and DMSO (5 mL) were heated to reflux for 2 hours. The solution was cooled to room température water was added and the aqueous solution extracted
WP 012543 -70- with ether. The combined organic extracts were dried (MgSC>4) and concentrated.Flash chromatography (80% to 66% hexane/acetone) of the residue gave theproduct as an oil (160 mg, 40%). MS m/z 290 (M+H, 100%). (S)-4-(3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-propyl)-l-((S)-l-phenyl-ethyl)-pyrroIidîn-2-one 5 37
To the ester 93 (4.82 g, 0.017 mol) in EtOH (100 mL) was added NaBH4(3.7 g, 0.10 mol) and the mixture heated to reflux for 2.5 hours. The solution wascooled to 0°C and 1 M citric acid carefully added followed by water. The solutionwas concentrated to half volume added and extracted with ether. The combined 10 organic extracts were dried (MgSO4) and concentrated. Flash chromatography(1:1 hexane/acetone) of the residue gave the product as an oil (2.6 g, 59%). MSro/z262 (M+H, 100%). (S)-4-(3-Fluoro-2-methyl-propyl)-l-((S)-l-phenyl-ethyl)-pyrrolidin-2-one 94To DAST (1 g, 6.2 mmol) in CH2CI2 (20 mL) at -78°C was added the 15 alcohol 37 in CH2CI2 (10 mL). After 1 hour at -78°C the solution was warmed to room température. After 7 hours the solution was carefully quenched with asaturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate and the two layers separated.
The organic phase was dried (MgSCty) and concentrated. Flash chromatography(90% to 66% hexane/acetone) of the residue gave the product as an oil (600 mg, 20. 37%). MS m/z 264 (M+H, 100%). (S)-4-(3-Fluoro-2-methyl-propyl)-pyrrolidin-2-one95 A procedure similar to the préparation of 4-(2-methyl-pentyl)-pyrrolidin-2- one 77 was utilized affording the lactam as an oil (242 mg, 68%). MS m/z 159 (M,100%). 25 Ëxample 7 (S)-3-Aminomethyî-6-fluoro-5-methyI-hexanoic acid A procedure similar to the synthesis of example 3 was followed. The
résultant amino acid isolated from ion-exchange chromatography wasrecrystallized from methanol/ethyl acetate to give example 7 as a white solid. MS 012543 .. , -71- m/z 177 (Μ, 100%). Anal. Calcd for CgHi6FiNiO2:0.02 H2O: C, 54.11; H, 9.10;N, 7.89. Found: C, 53.75; H, 9.24; N, 7.72.
Example 8: Synthesis of (S)-3-Aminomethyl-6-methoxy-5-methyl-hexanoicacid
97 96 37 6NHC1
(S)-4-(3-Methoxy-2-metliyî-propyl)-l-((S)-l-phenyl-ethyl)-pyrroIidin-2-one 96 A procedure similar to the synthesis of (S)-4-(4-methoxy-2-methyl-butyl)- l-((S)-l-phenyl-ethyl)-pyrrolidin-2-one 90 was utilized giving ether 96 as an oil 10 (90 mg, 37%). MS m/z 276 (M+H, 100%). (S)-4-(3-Methoxy-2-methyî-propyl)-pyrroîidin-2-one 97 A procedure similar to the synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-pentyl)-pyrrolidin-2- one 77 was utilized giving 97 as an oil (760 mg, 93%). MS m/z 171 (M+H,100%). 15 Example 8 (S)-3-Amînomethyl-6-methoxy-5-methyl-hexan<Hc acid A procedure similar to the synthesis of example 3 was followed. The résultant amino acid isolated from ion-exchange chromatography wasrecrystalîized from methanol/ethyl acetate to give Example 8 as a white solid. MS m/z 190 (M+H, 100%). Anal. Calcd for €9^9^()3: C, 57.12; H, 10.12; N, 'VQ' 012543 . -72- 7.40. Found: C, 57.04; H, 10.37; N, 7.30. A second batch precipitated front themother liquors (1:5 ratio of C5 isomers by NMR). MS m/z 190 (M+H, 100%). £xample 9: Synthesis of (3S,5R)-3-Àminomethyl-5-methyi-octanoic acidhydrochloride
RaNi, THF. H2 *"CO2tBu
6NHCI
Example 9 5 (R)-2,6-Dimethyï-non-2-ene 98
To (S)-citronelïyl bromide (50 g, 0.228 mol) in THF (800 mL) at 0°C was added LiCl (4.3 g) followed by CuCl2 (6.8 g). After 30 minutesméthylmagnésium chloride (152 mL of a 3 M solution in THF, Aldrich) was 10 added and the solution warmed to room température. After 10 hours the solutionwas cooled to 0°C and a saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloridecarefully added. The résultant two layers were separated and the aqueous phaseextracted with ether. The combined organic phases were dried (MgSC>4) and ΧΟ,Η 106 107 012543 -73- concentrated to give an oil. 32.6 g; 93%. Used without further purification. 13c NMR (100 MHz; CDC13) 131.13, 125.28, 39.50,37.35,32.35,25.92,25.77,20.31,19.74,17.81,14.60. (R)-4-Methyl-heptanoic acid 99 5 To alkene 98 (20 g, 0.13 mol) in acetone (433 mL) was added a solution of
CrC>3 (39 g, 0.39 mol) in H2SO4 (33 mL)/H2Û (146 mL) over 50 minutes. After6 hours a further amount of C3O3 (26 g, 0.26 mol) in H2SO4 (22 mL)/H2Û(100 mL) was added. After 12 hours the solution was diluted with brine and thesolution extracted with ether. The combined organic phases were dried (MgSCty) 10 and concentrated. Flash chromatography (gradient of 6:1 to 2:1 hexane/EtOAc) gave the product 99 as an oil. 12.1 g; 65%. MS, m/z (relative intensity): 143 [M-H,100%]. (4R,5S)-4-Methyl-3-((R)-4-methyl-heptanoyl)-5-phenyl-oxazolidin-2-one 100To the acid 99 (19 g, 0.132 mol) and triethyiamine (49.9 g, 0.494 mol) in 15 THF (500 mL) at 0°C was added trimethylacetylchloride (20 g, 0.17 mol). After1 hour LiCÎ (7.1 g, 0.17 mol) was added followed by the oxazolidinone (30 g, 0.17 mol). The mixture was warmed to room température and after 16 hours thefiltrate was removed by filtration and the solution concentrated under reducedpressure. Flash chromatography (7:1 hexane/EtOAc) gave the product 100 as an 20 oil. 31.5 g; 79%. [a]p = 5.5 (c 1 in CHCI3). MS, m/z (relative intensity): 304 [M+H, 100%]. (3S,5R)-5-Methyî-3-((4R,5S)-4-methyî-2-oxo-5-phenyï-oxazoïidine-3-carbonyl)-octanoic acid tert-butyl ester 101
To oxazolidinone 100 (12.1 g, 0.04 mol) in THF (200 ml) at -50°C was 25 added NaHMDS (48 mL of a 1 M solution in THF). After 30 t-butylbromoaceate(15.6 g, 0.08 mol) was added. The solution was stirred for 4 hours at -50°C andthen warmed to room température. After 16 hours a saturated aqueous solution ofammonium chloride was added and the two layers separated. The aqueous phasewas extracted with ether and the combined organic phases dried (MgSQzQ and νο 012543 -74- concentrated. Flash chromatography (9:1 hexane/EtOAc) gave the product 101 asa white solid 12 g; 72%. [α]β “ 302 (c 1 in CHCI3). 13c NMR (100 MHz;CDCI3) 176.47,171.24,152.72,133.63,128.87,125.86, 80.85,78.88,55.34,39.98,38.77, 38.15,37.58,30.60,28.23,20.38,20.13,14.50,14.28. 5 (S)-2-((R)-2-Methyl-pentyl)-succinic acid 4-tert-butyl ester 102
To ester 101 (10.8 g, 0.025 mol) in H2O (73 mL) and THF (244 mL) at 0°C was added a premixed solution of LiOH (51.2 mL of a 0.8 M solution) andΗ2θ2 (14.6 “L a 30% solution). After 4 hours a further 12.8 mL LiOH (0.8 Msolution) and 3.65 mL of H2O2 (30% solution) was added. After 30 minutes 10 sodium bisulfite (7 g), sodium sulfite (13 g), and water (60 mL) was added followed by hexane (100 mL) and ether (100 mL). The two layers were separatedand the aqueous layer extracted with ether. The combined organic phases wereconcentrated to an oil that was dissolved in héptane (300 mL). The résultant solidwas filtered off and the filtrate dried (MgSÛ4) and concentrated to afford an oil 15 (6 g, 93%) which was used without further purification. MS, m/z (relative intensity): 257 [M+H, 100%]· (3S,5R)-3-Hydroxymethyl-5-methyl-octanoic acid tert-butyl ester 103To acid 102 (3.68 g, 0.014 mol) in THF (100 mL) at 0°C was added BH3.Me2 (36 mL of a 2 M solution in THF, Aldrich) upon which the solution was 20 - warmed to room température. After 15 hours ice was carefuliy added (in order tocontrol the effervescence) to the solution followed by brine. The solution wasextracted with ether and the combined organic phases dried (MgSCfy) andconcentrated under reduced pressure. Flash chromatography (4:1 hexane/EtOAc)gave alcohoî 103 as an oil (2.0 g, 59%). 13C NMR (100 MHz; CDCI3) 173.56, 25 80.85,65.91,39.74,39.20, 38.90,35.65,29.99,28.31,20.18,19.99,14.56. 012543 -75- (3S,5R)-5-Methyl-3-(toluene-4-sulfonyloxymethyl)-octanoic acid tert-butylester 104
To alcohol 103 (1.98 g, 8.1 mmol) in CH2CI2 (40 mL) at roomtempérature was added triethylamine (2.4 g, 0.024 mol), DMAP (20 mg) and tosylchloride (2.3 g, 0.012 mol). After 14 hours IN HCl was added and the two layersseparated. The aqueous phase was extracted with ether and the combined organicphases dried (MgSÛ4) and concentrated. Flash chromatography (95% hexane/EtOAc) gave tosylate 104 as an oil (2.94 g, 91%). 13C NMR (100 MHz;CDCI3) 171.60,144.92,133.07,130.02,128.12,80.80,72.15,39.73,38.09, 37.89,32.67,29.71,28.22,21.83,20.10,19.54,14.49. (3S,5R)-3-Azidomethyl-5-methyl-octanoic acid tert-butyl ester 105
Tosylate 104 (2.92 g, 7.3 mmol) and sodium azide (1.43 g, 0.02 mol) werewarmed to ~50°C in DMSO (30 mL). After 2 hours the solution was cooled toroom température and diluted with water. The solution was extracted with etherand the combined organic phases dried (MgSQzj.) and concentrated to give an oil 1.54 g, 79%. Further purification by flash chromatography (95% hexane/EtOAc)gave an oil. [a]D “ -8.3 (c 1 in CHCI3). 13C NMR (100 MHz; CDCI3) 172.01,80.73,54.89,39.73,39.46,39.00,33.40,29.85,28.30,20.15, 19.82,14.52. (S)-4-((R)-2-Methyl-pentyl)-pyrroiidin-2-one 107 and (3S,5R)-3- -aminomethyl-5-methyI-octanoic acid tert-butyl ester 106
Azide 105 was treated with 5% Pd/C and shaken under an atmosphère ofhÿdrogen for 20 hours where upon a further 200 mg of 5% PdZC added. After6 hours the filtrate was concentrated to afford an oil which by NMR was found to be a mixture of primary amine 106 and lactam 107 (1.75 g) which was usedwithout further purification.
Exemple 9 (3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5-metfayl-octanoic acid hydrochloride
The mixture of the amine 106 and the lactam 107 (1.74 g) was treated with3N HCl (40 mL) and the solution warmed to 50°C for 4 hours then cooled to roomtempérature. After 12 hours the solution was concentrated and the residue 1 012543 -76- recrystallized ôom ethyl acetate to give the amino acid as a white solid 605 mg.MS, to/z (relative intensity): 188 [M+H, 100%]. Anal. Calcd forCloHuNlC^tHiClj C, 53.68; H, 9.91; N, 6.26. Found: C, 53.83; H, 10.12; N,6.07. 012543 -77- CT/ j at
Example 10: Synthesis of (3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5-inethyI-heptanoic acid(S)-(-)-CÎtronellol | CrOj, H2SO4, ,OMs
LAH h2o 108
THF, 0°C tort 109
LiOH, H2O2, q qTHF, * ΛΎ|·
Ph-' ''· ^CO2tBu 112
BH3SMe2, THF
TsCÎ, Et3N,dmap,ch2ci2 CO2tBu 114
NaHMDS,
BrCHjCC^tBu
THF, -78°C
111
Ph' Τ8θΧ'γζΧΥζ*χ
TiC^tRu 115
h2n
CO2tBu117 pnr h2n
6NHC1 co2h
Example 10 118
Methanesulfonic acid (S)-3,7-dimethyï-oct-6-enyl ester 108
To S-(-)-citronellol (42.8 g, 0.274 mol) and triethylamine (91 mL, 5 0.657 mol) in CH2CI2 (800 mL) at 0°C was added methanesulphonyl chlorids (26 mL, 0.329 mol) in CH2CI2 (200 mL). After 2 hours at 0°C the solution waswashed with IN HCl then brine. The organic phase was dried (MgSO.4)concentrated to afford an oil (60.5 g, 94%) which was used without further vor
'CT/US 012543 -78- purification. NMR (400 MHz; CDCI3) 5.05 (1H, m), 4.2 (2H, m), 2.95 (3H, s), 1.98 (2H, m), 1.75 (1H, m), 1.6 (3H,s), 1.5 (4H, m), 1.35 (2H, m), 1.2 (lH,œ), 0.91 (3H, d,J=6.5 Hz). (R)-2,6-Dimethyl-oct-2-ene 109 5 To alkene 108 (60 g, 0.256 mol) in THF (1 L) at 0°C was added lithium aluininum hydride (3.8 g, 0.128 mol). After 7 hours, a further 3.8 g of lithiumaluminum hydride was added and the solution warmed to room température. After18 hours, a further 3.8 g of lithium aluminum hydride was added. After a further21 hours, the reaction was carefully quenched with IN citric acid and the solution 10 diiuted further with brine. The résultant two phases were separated and the organic phase was dried (MgSC>4) and concentrated to afford an oil which wasused without further purification. MS, m/z (relative intensity): 139 [M-H, 100%]. (R) -4-Methyl-hexanoic acid 110 A procedure similar to the synthesis of (R)-4-methyl-heptanoic acid 99 15 was utilized giving the acid as an oil (9.3 g, 56%). MS, m/z (relative intensity): 129 [M-H, 100%]. (4R, 5S)-4-Metbyl-3-((R)-4-methyl-hexanoy!)-5-phenyl-oxazolidin-2-one 111A procedure similar to the synthesis of (4R,5S)-4-methyl-3-((R)-4-methyl- heptanoyl)-5-phenyl-oxazolidin-2-one 100 was utilized giving oxazolidinone 111 20- as an oil (35.7 g, 95%). MS, m/z (relative intensity): 290 [M+H, 100%]. (3S,5R)-5-Methyl-3-[l-((4R,5S)-4-methyî-2-oxo-5-phenyl-oxazoiidin-3-yï)-methanoyl]-heptanoic acid tert-butyl ester 112 A procedure similar to the préparation of (3S,5R)-5-methyl-3-((4R,5S)-4-methyl-2-oxo-5-phenyl-oxazolidine-3-carbonyl)-octanoic acid tert-butyl ester 101 25 was followed giving 112 as an oil (7.48 g; 31%). (S) -2-((R)-2-Methyl-butyl)-succinic acid 4-tert-butyï ester 113
To ester 112 (7.26 g, 0.018 mol) in H2O (53 mL) and THF (176 mL) at0°C was added a premixed solution of LiOH (37 mL of a 0.8 M solution) and 012543
Cf/US0l -79- H2O2 (10.57 mL of a 30% solution) and the solution warmed to room température. After 2 hours sodium bisulfite (7 g), sodium sulfite (13 g), and water(60 mL) was added and the two layers were separated and the aqueous layerextracted with ether. The combined organic phases were concentrated to an oüthat was dissolved in heptane (200 mL). The résultant solid was filtered off andthe filtrate dried (MgSC>4) and concentrated to afford an oil (4.4 g) that was usedwithout further purification. (3S,5R)-3-Hydroxymethyl-5-methyl-heptanoic acid tert-butyl ester 114A procedure similar to the préparation of (3S,5R)-3-hydroxymethyl-5- methyl-octanoic acid tert-butyl ester 103 was utilized giving alcohol 114 as an oil(2.68 g, 69%). MS, m/z (relative intensity): 216 [89%], 174 [M-(CH3)3C, 100%]. (3S,5R)-5-Methyl-3-(toluene-4-sulfonyloxymethyl)-heptanoic acid tert-butylester 115
To 114 alcohol (2.53 g, 0.011 mmol) in CH2CI2 (140 mL) at 0°C wasadded pyridine (2.6 g, 0.033 mol), DMAP (100 mg), and tosyl chloride (3.15 g,0.016 mol) and the solution warmed to room température for 3.5 hours whereuponmore DMAP and TsCl (3.15 g) were added. After 14 hours IN HCl was addedand the two layers separated. The organic phase was washed with brine then ordried (MgSC>4) and concentrated. Flash chromatography (95% to 86% hexane/EtOAc) gave tosyîate 115 as an oil (1.53 g, 36%). NMR (100 MHz;CDCI3) 130.03, 128.12, 72.18, 37.89,37.71,32.67,31.49,29.88,28.22,21.83,19.07, 11.37. (3S,5R)-3-Azidomethyl-5-methyl-heptanoic acid tert-butyl ester 116 A procedure similar to the préparation of (3S,5R)-3-azidomethyl-5-methyl-octanoic acid tert-butyl ester 105 was utilized giving an oil 0.956 g, 97%.MS, m/z (relative intensity): 228 [M-N2, 80%]. 012543 -80- (S)-4-((R)-2-Methyl-butyï>-pyrrolidin-2-one 118 and (3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl- 5-methyl-heptanoic acid tert-butyl ester 117
Azide 116 (689 mg) was treated with 20% Pd/C (90 mg) in THF (20 mL)and shaken under an atmosphère of hydrogen for 36 hours. The catalyst was 5 removed by filtration and the résultant oil used without furfher purification.
Example 10 (3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-S-methyl-heptanoic acid
The mixture of amine 117 and lactam 118 was treated with 6N HCl and the solution warmed to 50°C for 17 hours then cooled to room température andconcentrated. The résultant oil was subjected to ion-exchange chromatography 10 (Dowex, strongly acidic resin) using 5% ammonium hydroxide to give a creamsolid which was recrystallized from methanol/ethyl acetate to give (3S, 5R)-3-aminomethyl-5-methyl-heptanoic acid, example 10. MS, m/z (relative intensity):174 [M+H, 100%]. Anal. Calcd for Ci9H19N1O2. C, 62.39; H, 11.05; N, 8.08.Found: C, 6223; H, 11.33; N, 7.89. 012543
/CT -81-
Example 11: Synthesis of (3S,5S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-octanoic acid (ÎQ-citronellyl bromide
(S)-2,6-Dimethyl-non-2-ene 119
CuCl2 (5.36 g, 39.7 mmol) and LiCl (3.36, 80.0 mmol) were stirred 5 together in dry THF (40 mL) for 15 minutes. The resulting solution was added tométhylmagnésium chloride, 3.0 M in THF (168 mL) at 0°C under nitrogenatmosphère and stirred at that température for 15 minutes. To the reactionsuspension was added slowly (R)-(-)-Citronellyl bromide (55.16 g, 251.8 mmol)in THF (100 mL), and stirred at 0°C for 2.5 hours. It was warmed to room 10 température and stirring was continued for an additional 1 hour. The mixture wascooled to 0°C and quenched with saturated ammonium chloride solution. Thesuspension was then extracted into ether, washed with water, and dried overMgSÛ4> The solution was concentrated under reduced pressure to affcrd 36.3 g; wc- 012543 -82- 94% of (S)-2,6-Dimethyl-non-2-ene as an oit MS, m/z (relative intensity): 153 [M-1H, 100%], 194 [M-IH+CH3CN, 45%]. (S)-4-Methyl-heptanoic acid 120
To the (S)-2,6-Dimethyl-non-2-ene 119 (39.0 g, 253.2 mmol) in aeetone 5 (IL) at 0°C was added Jones reagent (2.7 M, 600 mL) dropwise over 1.5 hoursand let stir at room température for 18 hours. The reaction mixture was pouredinto a saturated solution of Na2SC>4 and extracted into ether. It was washed withbrine and concentrated in vacuo. The oily residue was dissolved in methanol(70 mL) and 1 M NaOH (700 mL) and then stirred for 30 minutes. The aqueous 10 solution was washed with CH2CI2, acidifîed with 10% HCl and extracted into CH2CI2. The solution was dried over MgSC>4 and concentrated to dryness to give 24.22 g; 66% of (S)-4-Methyl-heptanoic acid as an oil. MS, m/z (relativeintensity): 143 [M-1H, 100%]. (4R,5S)-4-Methyî-3-((S)-4-methyl-hepianoyî)-5-pheny5-oxazoîidin-2-one 121 15 A procedure similar to the préparation of (4R,5S)-4-methyl-3-((R)-4- methyl-heptanoyI)-5-phenyl-oxazolidin-2-one 100 was utilized giving (4R,5S)-4-methyl-3-((S)-4-methyl-heptanoyl)-5-phenyl-oxazolidin-2-one 121 6.2 g ; 80.0%,as an oil. MS, m/z (relative intensity): 304 [M+1H, 90%], 355 [M+IH+CH3CN,60%]. 20 (3S,5S)-5-Meihyï-3-((4R,5S)-4-meihyl-2-oxo-5-phenyl-oxazoiidine-3-carbonyl)-octanoic acid tert-butyl ester 122 n-BuLi, 1.6 M in Hexane (18.0 mL, 30.1 mmol) was added dropwise to asolution of diisopropylàmine (4.6 mL, 32.6 mmol) in dry THF (50 mL) undernitrogen at -5°C keeping the température below 0°C during addition. The mixture 25 was let stir at -5°C for 20 minutes and then cooled to -78°C. 121 (7.6 g, 25.1 mmol) in dry THF (12 mL) was added to the LDA solution and stirred at-78°C for 30 minutes. Z-Butylbromo acetate (4.8 mL, 32.6 mmol) as added to thereaction and stirring at -78°C was continued for 2 hours. It was let warm to roomtempérature before stirring for an additional 18 hours. The reaction was quenched ιΜ · 012543 -83- with a saturated solution NaH2PC>4, extracted into ethylacetate, and dried overMgSC>4. The solution was concentrated to give a solid residue which wasdissolved in hot hexane. The hexane solution was allowed to cool to roomtempérature before cooling fiirther in an ice bath. The resulting precipitate wascollected and allowed to air dry to give 122 as a flufîy white solid. 4.3 g; 41%. MS, m/z (relative intensity): 362 [M-C(CH3)3+1H, 100%], 418 [M+1H, 20%]. (S)-2-((S)-2-Methyl-pentyl)-succinic acid 4-tert-butyl ester and (3S,5S)-3-Hydroxymethyl-5-methyl-octanoic acid tert-butyl ester 123
To the ester 122 in a mixture of THF (203.0 mL) and water (61.0 mL) at0°C was added a premixed solution of 30% H2O2 (12.2 mL) and LiOH (0.8 M, 42.7 mL). The resulting solution was stirred at 0°C for 4 hours. To the reactionwas added sodium bisulfite (7 g), sodium sulfite (13 g), and water (60 mL). A 1:1mixture of ether/hexane (200 mL) was then added and the organic phase wasseparated. The aqueous phase was extracted with ether and the combined organicextract was dried over MgSC>4 and concentrated in vacuo. The residue wasdissolved in heptane and let stir for 5 minutes. The resulting precipitate wasfiltered and the filtrate was concentrated to dryness to give as an oil. (35.55) -3-Hydroxymethyl-5-methyl-octanoic acid tert-butyl ester 123 A procedure similar to the préparation of (3S,5R)-3-hydroxymethyl-5-methyl-octanoic acid tert-butyl ester 103 was followed giving 123 as an oil. 4.0 g;76.0%. MS, m/z (relative intensity): 230 [M-C(CH3)3+1H+CH3CN, 100%], 189[M-C(CH3)3+1H, 70%]. (35.55) -5-Metfayl-3-(toluene-4-sulfonyloxymethyl)-octanoic acid tert-butylester 124 A procedure similar to the préparation of (3S,5R)-5-methyl-3-(toluene-4-sulfonyloxymethyl)-octanoic acid tert-butyl ester 104 was followed giving 6.9 gof 124. MS, m/z (relative intensity): 343 [M-C(CH3)3 +1H, 70%], 384[M-C(CH3)3+1H+CH3CN, 100%]. V < 012543 -84- (3S,5S)-3-Azidomethyl-5-methyl-heptanoic acid tert-butyl ester 125 A procedure similar to the préparation of (3S,5R)-3-azidomethyl-5- methyl-octanoic acid tert-butyl ester 105 was followed giving 2.9 g; 66% of 125as an oil. MS, m/z (relative intensity): 212 [M-C(CH3)3 -1H, 45%]. 5 (3S,5S)-3-AmÎnomethyl-5-methyl-octanoic acid tert-butyl ester 126 A mixture of 125 (2.8 g, 10.4 mmol) and 10% Pd/C (1.0 g) in methanol (50.0 mL) was hydrogenated at 41 PSI for 96 hours. The solution was filtered togive 1.7 g of crude 126 which was used in the next step without furtherpurification. MS, m/z (relative intensity): 244 [Μ +1H, 100%], 285 10 [M+IH+CH3CN, 25%].
Example 11 (3S,5S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-octanoic acid A procedure similar to the préparation of exampîe 10 (3S,5R)-3- aminomethyl-5-methyl-heptanoic acid was followed giving example 11. 380 mg;29.0%. *H NMR (CD3OD) δ 2.90 (dd, J = 3.9, 8.8 Hz, 1H), 2.80 (dd, J = 7.6,5.1 15 Hz, 1H), 2.40 (dd, 3.2,12.51 Hz, 1H), 2.20 (dd, J= 8.8, 6.8 Hz, 1H), 2.05 (m,1H), 1.55 (m, 1H), 1.30 (m, 3H), 1.10 (m, 2H), 0.85 (m, 6H); MS, m/z (relativeintensity): 187 [M+1H, 100%], 211 [M+IH+CH3CN, 30%]. 012543 J! /VkJ* -85-
Example 12: Synthesis of (3S,5S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-heptanoic acid
Example 12 (S)-2,6-Dimethyl-oct-2-ene 127 (R)-(-)-Citronellyl bromide (49.1 g, 224.2 mmol) was dropwise added to a5 solution of LAH 1.0 M in THF (336 mL, 336 mmol) at 0°C over a 45-minute period. Stirring was contiftued for an additional 4 hours at 0°C. The reaction wasslowly quenched with a saturated solution of ammonium chloride followed by theaddition of ether (100 mL). The resulting white slurry was filtered and the filtratewas dried over MgSC>4 The solution was concentrated under reduced pressure toafford 26.2 g; 83% of 127 as an oïl. MS, m/z (relative intensity): 180 [M-IH+CH3CN, 100%], 139 [M-1H, 90%]. 10 012543 PCT/t -86- (S)-4-Methyl-hexanoic acid 128 A procedure similar to that used to préparé compound 120 was used giving 15.9 g of 128 as an oil. MS, m/z (relative intensity): 129 [M-1H, 100%], 170 [M-IH+CH3CN, 70%]. (4R,5S)-4-Methyl-3-((S)-4-methyl-hexanoyï)-5-phenyl-oxazoIidin-2-one 129 A procedure similar to that used to préparé (4R,5S)-4-Methyl-3-((S)-4-methyl-heptanoyl)-5-phenyl-oxazolidin-2-one 121 was used giving 35.0 g ofcrude(4R,5S)-4-methyl-3-((S)-4-methyl-hexanoyl)-5-phenyl-oxazolidin-2-one129 as an oil. It was used in the next step without further purification. MS, m/z(relative intensity): 290 [M+1H, 100%], 331 [M+IH+CH3CN, 20%]. (35.55) -5-Methyl-3-((4R,5S)-4-methyl-2-oxo-5-phenyl-oxazoîidine-3-carbonyl)-heptanoic acid tert-butyl ester 130 A procedure similar to that used to prépare (3S,5S)-5-methyl-3-((4R,5S)- 4-methyl-2-oxo-5-phenyl-oxazolidine-3-carbonyl)-octanoic acid tert-butyl ester122 was used to give 4.6.0 g, 25.4% of 130 as a white solid. MS, m/z (relativeintensity): 348 [M-C(CH3)3+1H, 100%], 443 [M-IH+CH3CN, 100%], 402[M-1H, 55%}, 404 [M+1H, 45%]. (35.55) -3-Hydroxymethyl-5-methyl-heptanoic acid tert-butyl ester 131 A procedure similar to that used to préparé (3S,5S)-3-Hydroxyméthyl-5-methyl-octanoic acid tert-butyl ester 123 was giving 1.2 g, 52.1% of 131 as an oil.MS, m/z (relative intensity): 175 [M-C(CH3)3+1H, 100%], 173 [M-C(CH3)3-1H,100%], 216 [M-C(CH3)3+1H +CH3CN, 95%]. (35.55) -5-Methyl-3-(toluene-4-sulfonyloxymethyI)-heptanoic acid tert-butylester 132 A procedure similar to the préparation of (3S,5R)-5-methyl-3-(toluene-4-sulfonyloxymethyl)-octanoic acid tert-butyl ester 104 was followed giving 2.1 gof 132 as an oil. The product was used in the next step without further (. 012543 χί,ώ. -87- purification. MS, m/z (relative intensity): 329 [M-C(CH3)3+1H, 85%], 370[M-C(CH3)3+1H +CH3CN, 65%]. (35.55) -3-Azidoinethyl-5-niethyl-heptanoic acid tert-butyl ester 133 A procedure similar to the préparation of (3S,5R)-3-azidomethyl-5-5 methyl-octanoic acid tert-butyl ester 105 was followed giving 0.76 g, 54.0% of 133 as an oil. MS, m/z (relative intensity): 198 [M-C(CH3)3-1H, 100%] (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-heptanoic acid tert-butyl ester 134 A procedure similar to that used for (3S,5S)-3-aminomethyl-5-methyl-octanoic acid tert-butyl ester 126 was used giving 0.62 g of 134 as an oil. The 10 product was used in the next step without further purification. MS, m/z (relativeintensity): 230 [M+1H, 100%], 271 [M+1H+CH3CN, 45%].
Example 12 (3S,5S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-heptanoic acid A procedure similar to that used for Example 11 was used giving (3S,5S)- , 3-aminomethyl-5-methyl-heptanoic acid (0.3 g, 65.1%) as a white solid. NMR15 (CD3OD) δ 2.80-3.00 (m, 2H), 2.40 (m, 1H), 2.20 (dd, 8.2, 7.1 Hz, 1H), 2.05 (m, 1H), 1.30-1.50 (m, 3H), 1.00-1.20 (m, 2H), 0.9 (m, 6H); MS, m/z (relativeintensity): 187 [M+1H, 100%], 211 [M+IH+CH3CN, 30%]. MS, m/z (relativeintensity): 174 [M+1H, 100%], 172 [M-1H, 100%], 215 [M+1H +CH3CN, 20%]. woe 012543 •cr/nsov -88-
Example 13: Synthesis of (3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-nonanoic acidhydrochloride
CrÛ3, H2SO^, H2O
EtMgCl, CuCl2, LiCl(S)-citronellyl bromide---*> -ho2c> 135 136 O LiOH,H9O7, HOS·'·'!— 139 jwhjo ' ^COjtBu
LDAl O O
BiCH2co2æu THF,-78°C pfa-*”4' * 138 137 bh3sm2,thf HO' 140 O2tBu
TsCl,Et3N,DMAP, CH2a2
TsO' "CO2tBu 141
NaN,. DMSO .n; ~CO2tBu 142
Pd/C, H2 Η2Νφ^ co2h
Example 13 6NHC1 CO2tBu 143 (R)-4-Methyl-octanoic acid 136 5 Lithium chloride (0.39 g, 9.12 nunol) and copper (I) chloride (0.61 g, 4.56 mmol) were combined in 45 ml THF at ambient température and stirred15 minutes, then cooled to 0°C at which time ethylmagnesium bromide (1 Msolution in THF, 45 mL, 45 mmol) was added. (S)-citroneIlyl bromide (5.0 g, 22.8 mmol) was added dropwise and the solution was allowed to warm slowly to 10 ambient température with stirring ovemight. The reaction was quenched by cautious addition of sat. NH4CI (aq), and stirred with Et2Û and sat. NH4CI (aq)for 30 minutes. The phases were separated and the organic phase dried (MgSOzj.)and concentrated. The crude product was used without purification.
To a solution of alkene 135 (3.8 g, 22.8 mmol) in 50 mL acetone at 0°C 15 was added Jones’ reagent (2.7 M in H2SO4 (aq), 40 mL, 108 mmol) and thesolution was allowed to warm slowly to ambient température with stirringovemight. The mixture was partitioned between Et2Û and H2O, the phases were PCT/USf- 012543 -89- separated, and the organic phase washed with brine, dried (MgSC>4), andconcentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (8:1hexanes:EtOAc) to afford 2.14 g (59%) of acid 136 as a colorless oil: LRMS: m/z 156.9 (M+); *H NMR (CDC13): δ 2.33 (m, 2H), 1.66 (m, 1H), 1.43 (m, 2H), 1.23
5 (m, 5H), 1.10 (m, 1H), 0.86 (m, 6H). Jones’ reagent was prepared as a 2.7M solution by combining 26.7g C1O3,23 mL H2SO4, and diluting to 100 mL withH2O. (4R, 5S)-4-Methyl-3-((R)-4-methyl-octanoyl)-5-phenyl-oxazolidin-2-one 137To acid 136 (2.14 g, 13.5 mmol) in 25 mL CH2CI2 at 0°C was added 10 3 drops DMF, followed by oxalyl chloride (1.42 mL, 16.2 mmol) resulting in vigorous gas évolution. The solution was warmed directly to ambient température,stirred 30 minutes, and concentrated. Meanwhile, to a solution of theoxazolidinone (2.64 g, 14.9 mmol) in 40 mL THF at -78°C was addedn-butyllithium (1.6 M soin in hexanes, 9.3 mL, 14.9 mmol) dropwise. The mixture 15 was stirred for 10 minutes at which time the acid chloride in 10 mL THF was added dropwise. The reaction was stirred 30 minutes at -78°C, then warmeddirectly to ambient température and quenched with sat. NH4CI. The mixture waspartitioned between Et2O and sat. NH4CI (aq), the phases were separated, and theorganic phase dried (MgSC>4), and concentrated to fumish 3.2 g of oxazolidinone 20 137 as a colorless oil. LRMS: m/z 318.2 (M+); lH NMR (CDCI3): δ 7.34 (m, 5H), 5.64 (d, J= 7.3 Hz, 1H), 4.73 (quint, J= 6.8 Hz, 1H), 2.96 (m, 1H), 2.86 (m, LH),1.66 (m, 1H), 1.47 (m, 2H), 1.26 (m, 5H), 1.13 (m, 1H), 0.88 (m, 9H). The crudeproduct was used without purification. (3S,5R)-5-Methyî-3-((4R,5S)-4-methyI-2-oxo-5-phenyl-oxazoIidine-3- 25 carbonyl)-nonanoic acid tert-butyl ester 138
To a solution of diisopropylamine (1.8 mL, 12.6 mmol) in 30 mL THF at -78°C was added «-butyllithium (1.6 M soin in hexanes, 7.6 mL, 12.1 mmol), andthe mixture stirred 10 minutes at which time oxazolidinone 137 (3.2 g, 10.1 mmol) in 10 mL THF was added dropwise. The solution was stirred for PCT/USO» -90- 30 minutes, f-butyl bromoacetate (1.8 mL, 12.1 mmol) was added quicklydropwise at -50°C, and the mixture was allowed to warm slowly to 10°C over3 hours. The mixture was partitioned between Et2O and sat. NH4CI (aq), thephases were separated, and the organic phase dried (MgSC>4), and concentrated. 5 The residue was purified by flash chromatography (16:1 to 8:1 hexanes:EtOAc) toprovide 2.65 g (61%) of ester 138 as a colorless crystalline solid, mp = 84-86°C.[oc3d23 +17j (c = 1-00, CHCI3); ^HNMR (CDCI3): δ 7.34 (m, SH), 5.62 (d, 7=7.3 Hz, 1H), 4.73 (quint, 7= 6.8 Hz, 1H), 4.29 (m, 1H), 2.67 (dd, 7= 9.8, 16.4 Hz, 1H), 2.40 (dd,7= 5.1,16.4 Hz, 1H), 1.69 (m, 1H), 1.38(s,9H), 1.28 (m, 10 7H), 1.08 (m, 1H), 0.88 (m, 9H); 13CNMR (CDCI3) δ 176.45,17122,152.71, 133.64, 128.86, 125.86, 80.83,78.87,55.33,40.02,38.21, 37.59,36.31, 30.86,29.29,28.22,23.14,20.41,14.36,14.26. Anal. Calcd for C25H37NO5: C, 69.58; H, 8.64; N, 3.25. Found: C, 69.37; H, 8.68; N, 3.05. (S)-2-((R)-2-Methyî-hexyl)-succinic acid 4-tert-buiyl ester 139 15 To a solution of ester 138 (2.65 g, 6.14 mmol) in 20 mL THF at 0°C was added a precooled (0°C) solution of LiOH monohydrate (1.0 g, 23.8 mmol) andhydrogen peroxide (30 wt% aqueous soin, 5.0 mL) in 10 mL H2O. The mixturewas stirred vigorously for 90 minutes, then warmed to ambient température andstirred 90 minutes. The reaction was quenched at 0°C by addition of 100 mL 10% 20 NaHSC>3 (aq), then extracted with Et2Û. The phases were separated, and theorganic phase washed with brine, dried (MgSC>4), concentrated. The crudeacid 139 was used without purification. (3S,5R)-3-Hyâroxymethyî-5-methyi-nonanoic acid tert-butyl ester 140
To a solution of the crude acid 139 (6.14 mmol) in 30 mL THF at 0°C was 25 added borane-dimethyl sulfide complex (2.0 M soin in THF, 4.6 mL, 9.2 mmol),and the mixture was allowed to warm slowly to ambient température ovemight.Additional BH3-DMS was added until the acid was completely consumed (ca. 5 mL). The reaction was quenched by addition of MeOH, then partitionedbetween Et2O and sat. NaHCO3 (aq). The phases were separated, and the organic WO 00/76958 012543 PCTZ· -91- phase washed with brine, dried (MgSÛ4), and concentrated to provide alcohol 140. LRMS: zn/z 226.1; ^NMR (CDC13): δ 3.63 (dd,J= 11.0,4.2 Hz, 1H),3.42 (dd, J= 11.0,6.8 Hz, 1H), 2.30 (dd, J= 14.9,7.6 Hz, 1H), 2.20 (dd, J= 14.9,5.6Hz, 1H), 2.03 (m, 2H), 1.42 (s, 9H), 1.24 (m, 6H), 1.02 (m, 2H), 0.85 (m, 6H). 5 The crude product was used without purification. (3S,5R)-5-Methyl-3-(toluene-4-sulfonyIoxymethyl)-nonanoic acid tert-butylester 141
To alcohol 140 (6.14 mmol) in 30 mL CH2CI2 at 0°C was added DMAP (0.1 g),p-toluenesulfonyl chloride (1.37 g, 7.2 mmol), andthen triethylamine10 (1.8 mL, 13 mmol) was added quickly dropwise. The mixture was warmed immediately to ambient température following addition and stirred ovemight, anddid not proceed to completion. The mixture was partitioned between Et20 and INHCl (aq), the phases were separated, and the organic phase washed with sat.NaHCO3 (aq), dried (MgSOq), and concentrated to provide tosylate 141. The 15 product was used without further purification. (3S,5R)-3-Azidomethyl-5-methyl-nonanoic aeid tert-butyl ester 142 A procedure similar to the préparation of (3S,5R)-3-azidomethyl-5- methyl-octanoic acid tert-butyl ester 105 was followed giving azide 142 as acolorless oil. LRMS: m/z 200.1; ^HNMR (CDC13): δ 3.31 (dd, J= 12.2,4.2 Hz, 20 1H), 3.19 (dd, J- 12.2,5.9 Hz, 1H), 2.22 (m, 1H), 2.10 (m, 1H), 1.39 (s, 9H), 1.21 (m, 8H), 1.00 (m, 2H), 0.81 (m, 6H).
Example 13 (3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyî-noiïanoic acid hydrochlorideThe azide 142 (1.0 g) was hydrogenated in the presence of 20% Pd/C,
EtOH, at 45 psi of H2 for 15 hours to provide the crude amino ester 143 which25 was concentrated and used without purification. To the amino ester 143 was added 6 mL 6N HCl (aq) and the mixture was heated to reflux 90 minutes, cooled, andconcentrated. Recrystallization from EtOAc:hexanes provided 0.38 g (45% fromazide) of (3S,5R)-3-aminomethyl-5-methyl-nonanoic acid hydrochloride as acolorless crystalline solid (HCl sait), and a second crop of 82 mg (10% from 012543 !»€ΤΑΐ*’Λ -92- azide) was also obtained. mp - 146-156°C. LRMS: m/z 200.1 (M+); NMR(CDC13): δ 2.87 (dd, J= 13.2,5.4 Hz, 1H), 2.79 (dd, J= 13.2,7.3 Hz, 1H), 229 (d, J- 6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.08 (m, 1H), 1.31 (m, 1H), 1.09 (m, 7H0,0.92 (m, 1H), 0.68(m, 6H). Anal. Calcd for Ci ^24^01: C, 55.57; H, 10.17; N, 5.89. Found: C, 5 55.69; H, 10.10; N, 5.86. Ëxample 14: Synthesis of (3S, 5S)-3-AminomethyI-5-methyl-nonanoic acid
EtMgCl, CuCk, LiCl(R)-citronellyl bromide ----s ctO3, h2so4,h2o 144
LiOM, H2O2.
Ph' ' X»2iBu147 145 LDA,
BrCH2CO2tBu
THF, -78 °C
146 bh3sm2,tof
Tscl.Et3N.DMAP, CH2C12
NaN3, DMSO
Pd/C, H2
Example 14 152
The (5)-acid 145 was prepared from (R)-citronellyl bromide according tothe procedure outlined above for (R)-4-methyl-octanoic acid 136. The yield was 10 comparable and the 1 H NMR spectrum was identical to that of the (Â)-acid enantiomer. LRMS: m/z 158.9 (M+l).
Oxazolidinone 146 was prepared from acid 145 as described above for(4R, 5 S)-4-methyl-3-((R)-4-methyl-octanoyî)-5-phenyl-oxazolidin-2-one 137.LRMS: m/z 290.1 (M-27); NMR (CDC13): δ 7.38 (m, 3H), 7.28 (m, 2H), 5.64 15 (d, /= 7.1 Hz, 1H), 4.74 (quint, 6.8 Hz, 1H), 2.92 (m, 2H), 1.71 (m, 1H), 1.42 (m, 7H), 1.18 (m, 1H), 0.88 (m, 9H). WO 00/76* -*< 012543 PCT/l -93- /-Butyl ester 147 was prepared from oxazolidinone 146 as described abovefor compound 138. LRMS: m/z 348.1 (M-83).
Alcohol 149 was prepared from the r-butyl ester 147 as described abovefor (3S,5R)-3-hydroxymethyl-5-methyl-nonanoic acid tert-butyl ester 140. LRMS: 5 m/z 156.9 (M-100); NMR (CDC13): δ 3.60 (dd, 11.0,4.6 Hz, 1H), 3.45 (dd,J=11.0,6.8 Hz, 1H), 2.24 (m,2H), 2.04 (m,2H), 1.42 (s, 9H), 1.17-1.38 (xn,7H), 1.11 (ni, 1H), 0.84 (m, 6H).
Example 14: (3S, 5S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-xnethyl-nonanoic acid (3S, 5S)-3-Anainomethyl-5-inethyl-nonanoic acid was obtained from 149 10 as described above for (3 S,5R)-3-aminomethyl-5-methyl-nonanoic acid hydrochloride. The crude HCl sait thus obtained was purified by ion exchangechromatography on Dowex 50WX8 50-100 mesh, H-Form resin, using10%ΝΗ4θΗ as eluant to provide the free base. The waxy solid was washed twicewith Et2O and dried to fumish an amorphous white solid, mp 144-146°C. LRMS: 15 m/z mû (M-28); lH NMR (CE1CI3): δ 2.76 (d, /= 5.9 Hz, 2H), 2.14 (m, 1H),1.96 (m, 2H), 1.25 (m, 1H), 1.12 (m, 6H), 0.96 (m, 2H), 0.66 (m, 6H). W' 012543 PCT/F’r -94-
Example 15: Synthesis of (3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-decanoic acid (Sy-citronellyl bromide nPrMgCI, CuCl2, LiCtTHF, O'C tort 153
CrOj, H2SO4, H2O 154
Ph' '·
LiCl, EtjN,MciCOCl, THF , , ΙΰΟΗ,Η,Ο* LDA, „ H0\T2" ra.iv> AVi-- 1—1 l * TUP Λ—< sCO2tBu 157
Ph' ' ^CO2tBu THF,-78 ®C tort Ph- 156 155 ΗΟ'Υγ''-'''·'·'-'' XO,tBu bh3sm2,thf „
TsCl, Et3N, DMAP,ch2ci2 158
NaN3,DMSO,
TsO-"Y'y'—s 50°c__N CO2tBu159 η2νΎΓ~ co2h
Example 1$ 3NHC1
50 «C 5% Pd/C, THF, H2
161 (R)-2,6-Dimethyiundec-2-ene 153 A procedure simiiar to ths préparation of (S)-2,6-dimethyl-non-2-ene 1195 was used giving 153 as a colorless oil (20.16 g, 98%). NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) δ 5.10-5.06 (m, 1H), 2.10-1.89 (m, 2H), 1.66 (s, 3H), 1.58 (s, 3H), 1.34-1.23 (m, 4H), 1.15-1.06 (m, 2H), 0.88-0.81 (m, 11H). (R)-4-methyinonanoic acid 154 (R)-2,6-Dimethylundec-2-ene 153 (10.03 g, 55.03 mmol) was dissolved in10 acetone (270 mL) and cooled to 0°C. Jones reagent (CJO3/H2SO4) (2.7 M, 120 mL) was added dropwise, and the reaction allowed to warm to roomtempérature over 18 hours. The reaction was poured on to water/Na2SO4(200 mL), and the aqueous layer extracted with ethyl acetate (4 x 100 mL). Thecombined organics were dried over MgSC>4, filtered and rotovapped to give an oil. 15 The crude oil was dissolved in CH2CI2 (400 mL) and cooled to -78°C. Ozone was 012543 -95- bubbled into reaction until blue to remove traces of the impurity (6E)(3S)-3,7-dimethylocta-l,6-diene. Dimethylsulfide (5 mL) was added, and the reactionstirred at room température for 2 hours. The solvent was removed, and the crudematerial chromatographed on silica eluting with 20% EtOAc/hex to give oil. Theoïl was dissolved in ether (100 mL) and extracted with 10% NaOH (2 x 25 mL).
The aqueous layers were combined and extracted with ether (50 mL). Theaqueous layer was cooled to 0°C and acidified with HCl. The acidic layer wasextracted with EtOAc (3 x 100 mL), and the combined extracts dried overMgSC>4, filtered and rotovapped to give 154 as an oil (6.86 g, 54%). NMR(400 MHz, CDC13) δ 2.40-2.25 (m, 4H), 1.70-1.62 (m, 2H), ,1.47-1.11 (m, 8H),0.87-0.84 (m, 6H); [a]D = -11.4 (cl in CHC13). (4R,5S)-4-Methyl-3-((R)-4-methyl-nonanoyl)-5-phenyI-oxazolidin-2-one 155
Compound 154 (6.504 g, 37.76 mmol) was dissolved in THF (95 mL) andcooled to 0°C. Triethylamine (19.74 mL, 141.6 mmol) was added dropwise,followed by dropwise addition of trimethylacetyl chloride (6.98 mL, 56.64 mmol).The thick white suspension was stirred at 0°C for 90 minutes. LiCl (1.86 g, 41.54 mmol), (4R)-4-methyl-5-phenyl-l,3-oxazolidin-2-one (6.824 g, 38.51 mmol), and THF (70 mL) were added, and the reaction warmed to roomtempérature ovemight. The solvent was evaporated. The solids were taken up inEtOAc, filtered off, and washed generously with EtOAc. The filtrats was washedwith water (2 x 50 mL), and brine. The organics were dried over MgSOzt, filtered,and rotovapped. The crude material was chromatographed on silica eluting with10% EtOAc/hexanes to give 155 as an oil (10.974 g, 88%). lH NMR (400 MHz,CDCI3) δ 7.44-7.35 (m, 3H), 7.31-7.26 (m, 2H), 5.66 (d, 7.33 Hz, 1H), 4.76 (quin, J= 7.03 Hz, 1H), 3.04-2.96 (m, 1H), 2.93-2.86 (m, 1H), 1.74-1.66 (m, 1H),1.52-1.47 (m, 1H), 1.46-1.36 (m, 2H), 1.27-1.16 (m, 2H), 0.92-0.87 (m, 8H); [a]D= +34.1 (cl inCHCl3). 012543 -96- (3S,5R)-5-MethyI-3-((4R,5S)-4-methyl-2-oxo-5-phenyl-Qxazolidine-3-carbonyl)-decanoic acid tert-butyl ester 156 A procedure similar to the préparation of (3S,5S)-5-methyl-3-((4R,5S)-4-methyl-2-oxo-5-phenyl-oxazolidine-3-carbonyl)-octanoic acid tert-butyl ester 122was followed giving (3S,5R)-5-methyl-3-((4R,5S)-4-methyl-2-oxo-5-phenyl-oxazolidine-3-carbonyl)-decanoic acid tert-butyl ester 156 as an oil (0.668g, 90%). lH NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) δ 7.41-7.28 (m, 5H), 5.63 (d, J= 7.33 Hz, 1H), 4.74 (quin, J= 6.84 Hz, 1H), 4.33-4.26 (m, 1H), 2.68 (dd, J= 16.4,9.77 Hz,1H), 2.41 (dd, J= 16.6,4.88 Hz, 1H), 1.68 (quin, J= 6.6 Hz, 1H), 1.50-1.32 (m,10H), 1.28-1.21 (m, 1H), 1.15-1.08 (m, 1H), 0.90-0.86 (m, 9H); MS (APCI) m/z348 (M+-97,100%); [ct]D = +18.8 (cl in CHCI3). (S)-2-((R)-2-Methyl-heptyl)-succimc acid 4-tert-butyl ester 157
Compound 156 (5.608 b, 12.59 mmol) was dissolved in THF/H2O(60 mL/14 mL) and cooled to 0°C. LiOH (IN, 18.89 mL) and H2O2 (35%, 4.45 mL, 50.4 mmol) were combined, and then added to the reaction dropwisekeeping T <5°C. the reaction was stirred at 0°C for 4 hours, and quenched withNa2SC>3 (6.3 g) and NaHSC>3 (3.4 g) in 50 mL H2O added dropwise. The reactionwas stirred for 15 minutes, and the layers separated. The aqueous layer wasextracted with EtOAc (3 x 100 mL), and the combined extracts dried overMgSÛ4, filtered, and rotovapped to give an oil. The crude material was dissolvedin EtOAc (10 mL) and added dropwise to heptane (250 mL). The suspension wasstirred for 20 minutes, and the solids filtered and washed with heptane. The filtratewas washed with 60°C H2O (100 mL), dried over MgSCty, filtered, and rotovapped to give 157 as an oil (3.52 g), the material was used directly in thenext step. (3S,5R)-3-HydroxymethyI-5-methyI-decanoic acid tert-butyl ester 158
Compound 157 (3.52 g, 12.3 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous THF(123 mL) and cooled to 0°C. Borane dimethylsulfide complex (10 M, 3.69 mL)was added dropwise, and the reaction then warmed to room température and 012543
PCI -97- stirred for 1 hour. the reaction was cooled to 0°C, and quenched with MeOH(20 mL) added dropwise. The reaction was stirred for 18 hours, and the solventrotovapped off. The crude material was chromatographed on silica eluting with20% EtOAc/hexanes to give 158 (2.28 g, 68%) as an oil. NMR (400 MHz,CDC13) δ 3.65-3.59 (m, 1H), 3.43 (dd, J= 11.1,6.96 Hz, 1H), 2.31 (dd, J= 14.9, 7.57 Hz, 1H), 2.21 (dd, J= 15.1,5.62 Hz, 1H), 2.06-2.02 (m, 1H), 1.43 (s, 9H),1.40-1.25 (m, 4H), 1.07-1.13 (m, 1H), 1.03-0.96 (m, 1H), 0.86-0.84 (m, 6H); MS(APCI) m/z 216 (M+-56,100%). (3S,5R)-5-Methyl-3-(toluene-4-sulfonyioxyniethyl)-decanoic acid tert-butylester 159
Compound 158 (2.27 g, 8.33 mmol) was dissolved in CH2CI2 (30 mL)and cooled to 0°C. Tosyl chloride (1.91 g, 10.0 mmol) and catalytic DMAP wereadded, followed by dropwise addition of triethylamine (2.55 mL, 18.33 mmol).The reaction was then stirred at 0°C for 18 hours. The solvent was rotovapped off(removed under reduced pressure), and the crude material washed with EtOAc andfiltered. The solids were washed with EtOAc, and the filtrate washed with 0.5NHCl (20 mL), brine (30 mL), dried over MgSÛ4, filtered and rotovapped. The oilwas chromatographed on silica eluting with a 5% EtOAc/hexanes gradient to 10%EtOAc/hexanes to give 159 (3.399 g, 96%) as an oil. NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.75 (d, J= 8.30 Hz, 2H), 7.31 (d, J= 8.30 Hz, 2H), 3.99 (dd,.J= 9.65, 3.54 Hz, 1H), 3.89 (dd, J= 9.52,5.37 Hz, 1H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 2.28 (dd, J= 14.7, 6.23 Hz, 1H), 2.19-2.14 (m, 1H), 2.10 (dd, J= 14.9,6.35 Hz, 1H), 1.38 (s, 9H),1.31-1.17 (m, 3H), 1.08-0.81 (m, 2H), 0.79-0.76 (m, 6H); [α]β = -10-1 (cl inCHCI3). (3S,5R)-3-Azidomethyl-5-methyl-decanoîc acid tert-butyl ester 160
Compound 159 (3.01 g, 7.05 mmol), sodium azide (1.26 g, 19.40 mmol)and DMSO (12 mL) were combined and heated to 60°C for 3 hours. EtOAc(100 mL) was added to the reaction and filtered. The solids were washed withEtOAc (20 mL), and the filtrated evaporated. The crude material was 012543 CT/* -98- chromatographed on silica eluting with 5% EtOAc/hexanes to give 160 as an oil(1.86 g, 89%). (3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-decanoic acid tert-butyl ester 161 A solution of compound 160 (1.86 g, 6.25 mmol) in THF (50 mL) was 5 shaken over 5% Pd/C under hydrogen and pressure for 8 hours with three purges of hydrogen. The catalyst was filtered off and the fîltrate evaportated. The crudematerial was chromatographed on silica eluting with methanol to give 161 as anoil (1.21 g, 71%). 1H NMR (400MHz, CDC13)δ2.70(dd, J= 12.9,4.40Hz, 1H), 2.54 (dd, J= 12.7,6.59 Hz, 1H), 2.26 (dd, 14.5, 6.96,1H), 2.12 (dd, J= 10 14.5, 6.47 Hz, 1H), 1.91 (m, 1H), 1.91 (m, 1H), 1.43 (s, 12H), 1.39-1.25 (m, 4H), 1.14-1.07 (m, 1H), 1.03-0.97 (m, 1H), 0.86-0.82 (m, 6H).
Example 15 (3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-decanoic acid
Compound 161 (1.20 g, 4.44 mmol) was heated to 50°C in 3N HCl (30 mL) for 4 hours. The solvent was evaporated, and the oil washed with toluene, 15 and evaporated. The crude material was passed through an ion exchange column (Dowex 50WX8-100, strongly acidic) eluting with water, then 0.5N NH4OH.Isolate (3S,5R)-3-aminomethyl-5-methyl-?decanoic acid as a white solid (0.725 g,75%): mp = 174-175°C; *H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 2.83 (dd, J= 12.69,4.88
Hz, 1H), 2.70 (dd, J= 13.1, 7.45 Hz, 1H), 2.08 (d, J= 6.59 Hz, 2H), 1.98 (m, 1H),
20 1.28-1.20 (m, 1H), 1.19-1.09 (m, 2H), 0.99-0.91 (m, 2H), 0.66 (m, 6H); MS (APCI) m/z215 (M+, 10%), 174 (M+-41,100%); [a]D = -5.7 (cl.025 in H2O). 012543 -99-
Example 16: Synthesis of (3S,5S)-3-AminoraethyI-5-methyl-decanoic acid
nPrMgCl, CuCk, LiCl CiO,, H,SO,, H,O - -?.Γ-2.,4> 2 > HO2C> 162 163
Ph' 'l.igi, £t3yi,Me3COCl,THF (R)-citronellyl bromide THF, O’C tort
XX^tBu 166
LiOH, H2Q2> ™MjO ^rta;CO;lB, «,Χ Vn«„ THF.-WCbh '
Ph' * "CO,tBu165 LDA, 164
BH3SM2,1HF HO'VVX^-Z' ΎΌ,ΙΒιι
TsCl, Et3N, DMAP,CH2C>2__ TsO 167
NâN3,DMSO,so°Ç ’ - n; 2O2®u 169 3NHC1 vco2hËxampie 16
50 «C 5% Pd/C, THF, H2
(S)-2,6-Dimethyl-undec-2-ene 162 nPropylmagnesium chloride/ether solution (2.0 M, 228 mL) was cooled to 5 -20°C under a N2 atmosphère. LiCl (3.87 g, 91.25 mmol), CuCl2 (6.13 g, 45.63 mmol), and distilled THF (456 mL) were combined and stirred for30 minutes. The LÎ2CUCI4 solution was added via cannula to the Grignardreagent, and the resulting solution stirred for 30 minutes at -20°C. R-(-)-Citronellyl bromide (50 g, 228.1 mmol) was dissolved in THF (60 mL) and added 10 dropwise to the Grignard solution. The reaction was stirred at 0°C for 1 hour. Thereaction was cooled to -40°C and quenched with NH4CI (sat’d, 200 mL) addeddropwise. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer extracted with ether(3 x 100 mL). The combined organics were dried over MgSC>4, filtered, androtovapped to give an oil. The crude material was chromatographed on silica 15 eluting with hexanes to give 162 as a colorless oil (9.15 g, 22%). NMR (400 ~ η 012543 -100- MHz, CDC13) δ 5.10-5.06 (m, 1H), 2.10-1.89 (m, 2H), 1.66 (s, 3H), 1.58 (s, 3H), 1.34-1.23 (m, 4H), 1.15-1.06 (m, 2H), 0.88-0.81 (m, 11H). (S)-4-Methylnonanoic acid 163
Compound 162 (7.97 g, 43.7 mmol) was dîssolved in acetone (214 mL)and cooled to 0°C. Jones reagent (CrC>3/H2SO4) (2.7 M, 95 mL) was addeddropwise, and the reaction allowed to warm to room température over 18 hours.
The reaction was poured on to water/Na2SO4 (200 mL), and the aqueous layerextracted with ethyl acetate (4 x 100 mL). The combined organics were dried overMgSC>4, filtered, and rotovapped to give an oil. The crude oil waschromatographed on silica eluting with hexanes to give 163 as an oil (5.56 g, 74%). *H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 2.40-2.25 (m, 4H), 1.70-1.62 (m, 2H), 1.47-1.11 (m, 8H), 0.87-0.84 (m, 6H); MS APCI m/z 170.9 (M~1,100%). (4R,5S)-4-MethyÎ-3-((S)-4-methyl-nonanoyI)-5-phenyl-oxazolidin-2-one 164 A procedure similar to that used to préparé compound 155 was used exceptthat (S)-4-methylnonanoic acid 163 (5.56 g, 32.27 mmol) was used as a reactant togive 164 as an oil (10.70 g 100%). NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.42-7.34 (m,3H), 7.28 (d, J= 6.59 Hz, 2H), 5.64 (d, J= 7.33 Hz, 1H), 4.74 (quin, J= 6.78 Hz,1H), 2.94-2.85 (m, 2H), 1.73-1.67 (m, 1H), 1.47-1.43 (m, 1H), 1.39-1.22 (m, 7H),0.90-0.84 (m, 8H). (3S,5S)-5-Methyl-3-((4R,5S)-4-methyI-2-oxo-5-pheny!-oxazoiidine-3-carbonyl)-decanoic acid tert-butyl ester 165 A procedure similar to that used to préparé compound 156 was used togive 165 as a soiid (4.25 g, 61%). MS (APCI) m/z 446 (M++1,10%), 390 (M+-55,100%, -tBu). (S)-2-((S)-2-Methyl-heptyI)-succinic acid 4-tert-butyl ester 166 A procedure similar to that used for compound 157 was used except that ester 165 (8.42 g, 18.89 mmol) was used as a reactant to give 166 as an oil
I 012543
PCT -101- (5.81 g). The material was used directly in the next step. MS (APCI) m/z 285(Μ—1,100%). (3S,5S)-3-Hydroxymethyl-5-methyl-decanoic acid tert-butyl ester 167 A procedure similar to that used to préparé compound 158 was used except 5 that (S)-2-((S)-2-methÿl-heptyl)-succinic acid 4-tert-butyl ester 166 (5.78 g, 20.18 mmol) was used as a reactant to give 167 as an oil (4.18 g, 76%). NMR(400 MHz, CDC13) δ 3.64-3.58 (m, 1H), 3.84-3.42 (m, 1H), 2.28-2.20 (m, 1H),2.09-2.02 (m, 1H), 1.43 (s, 9H), 1.26-1.18 (m, 8H), 1.11-1.04 (m, 2H), 0.87-0.83(m, 6H); MS (APCI) m/z 217 (M+-55,50%, -tBu). 10 (3S,5S)-5-MethyJ-3-(toluene-4-sulfonyloxymethyl)-decanoic acid tert-butylester 168 A procedure similar to that used to préparé compound 159 was used exceptthat (3S,5S)-3-Hydroxymethyl-5-methyl-decanoic acid tert-butyl ester 167(4.164 g, 15.29 mmol) was used as a reactant to give 168 as an oil (4.17 g, 64%). 15 lH NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) δ 7.75 (d, 8.30 Hz, 2H), 7.31 (d, J= 8.30 Hz, 2H), 3.97 (dd, J= 9.52,4.15 Hz, 1H), 3.90 (dd, J= 9.52, 5.13 Hz, 1H), 2.42 (s,3H),2.28,2.19-2.13 (m, 2H), 1.37 (s, 9H), 1.27-1.01 (m, 11H), 0.85 (t, J = 7.08Hz, 3H), 0.76 (d, 6.35 Hz, 3H). (35.55) -3-Azidomethyl-5-methyl-decanoic acid tert-butyl ester 169 20 A procedure similar to that used to préparé compound 160 was used except (35.55) -5-methyl-3-(toluene-4-sulfonyloxymethyl)-decanoic acid tert-butyl ester168 (4.155 g, 9.74 mmol) was used as a reactant to give 169 as an oil (2.77 g, 96%). MS (APCI) m/z 270 (M+-27,30%, -N2), 214 (M+-87, 100%, -tBu, -N2). (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-methyI-decanoic acid tert-butyl ester 170 25 A procedure similar to that used to préparé compound 161 was used except that (3S,5S)-3-Azidomethyl-5-methyl-decanoic acid tert-butyl ester 169 (2.50 g,8.405 mmol) was used as a reactant to give 170 as an oil (1.648 g, 72%). MS(APCI) m/z 272 (M++1,100%). 012543 -102-
Example 14 (3S,5S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-metbyl-decanoic acid A procedure similar to that used for Exemple 15 was used except tert-butyl (3S,5S)-3-(aminomethyl)-5-methyldecanoate 170 (1.6 g, 6.00 mmol) was used asa reactant to give Example 16 as a white solid (72%). MS (APCI) m/z 272 (M++l, 5 100%). mp -174-175 °C; iHNMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 2.91 (dd, J= 12.9, 3.91 Hz, 1H), 2.83 (dd, J= 12.7,7.57 Hz, 1H),2.43 (dd, J- 15.6,3.17 Hz, 1H), 2.19 (dd, J= 15.6, 8.80 Hz, 1H), 2.08-2.04 (m, 1H), 1.53 (m, 1H), 1.38-1.27 (m,7H), 1.78-1.03 (m, 2H), 0.90-0.86 (m, 6H), 0.66 (m, 6H); MS (APCI) m/z 216(M++l, 100%), 214 (M'1,100%); [a]D = +21.4 (cl inMeOH). 10 Example 17: Synthesis of (3R,4R)-3-Aminomethyl-4,5-dimethyl-hexanoicacid
example 17 012543 -103- (S)-2-Benzyl-3-methyl-butan-l-ol 172
Ref. JACS 1997;119:6510. Amide 171.
Large scale procedure for the synthesis of acetic acid (S)-2-benzyl-3-methyî-butyl ester 173 from 171 A of n-butyl lithium (10 M in hexane, 100 mL, 1000 mmol, 3.9 equiv.)was added to a solution of diisopropylamine (108.9 g, 150.9 mL, 1.076 mol, 4.20 equiv.) in THF (600 mL), at -78°C. The resulting solution was stiired for10 minutes and warmed to 0°C, and hold at the température for 10 minutes.Borane-ammonia complex (31.65 g, 1.025 mmol, and 4.0 equiv) was added in oneportion, and the suspension was stirred at 0°C for 15 minutes, and at 23°C for15 minutes, and then cooled to 0°C. A solution of amide 171 (86 g, 256.41 mmol, 1 equiv.) in THF was added to the cold hydride via a cannula over 3 minutes. Thereaction was stirred at 23°C for ovemight, then cooled to 0°C. Excess hydride wasquenched by the slow addition of 3N HCl (700 mL). The reaction mixture wasdiluted with more aqueous HCl (3N, 200 mL), and brine and then extracted with ,ether (4x15 mL). The ether solution was concentrated to a small volume, and200 mL 2N NaOH was added, and stirred at 23°C for 2.5 hours. More ether wasadded and the layers were separated. The aqueous layer was saturated with saitand extracted with ether (3 x 200 mL). The combined organic was washed withbrine and dried on sodium sulfate. The residue was flash chromatographed (Pet.ether-25% ether -TEA ) to give alcohol 172,50 g. NMR (CDC13) δ 7.35-7.16 (m, 5H, C6H5), 3.55 (app. t, 2H, -CH2OH), 2.71 (dd, 1H, ArCH2CH-), 2.52 (dd, 1H,ArCtf2CH), 1.87 (m, 1H, C#CH(Me), 1.67 (m, 1H, Ctf(Me)2), 0.98 (d, 3H, Ctf3)and 0.96 (d, 3H, Ctf3). A sample 3.3 g was saved for characterization and the rest wasimmediately acetylated (triethylamine 50 mL, DMAP 4.6 g, acetic acid anhydride32 mL) ovemight at room température. Work up followed by chromatography onsilica gel eluted with pet ether and then 10% ether in pet ether gave 62 g of 173.NMR (CDC13) δ 7.30-7.14 (m, 5H, C^), 3.98 (m, 2H, -Ctf2OAc), 2.71 (dd, SJ 25 4 3 CT/” -104- 1H, ArCtf2CH-), 2.51 (dd, 1H, ArCH2CH), 1.99 (s, 3H, Ctf3C=O), 1.82 (m, 1H,CtfCH(Me) and Ctf(Me)2), 0.97 (d, 3H, Ctf3) and 0.95 (d, 3H, CH3). (S)-Acetoxymethyl-4-methyl-pentanoic acid 174 and (S)-4-Isopropyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 175
Acetate 173 (15 g, 68.18 mmol) was dissolved in CH3CN (150 mL), carbon tetrachloride (150 mL) and HPLC grade water (300 mL) and stirred.
Sodium periodate (262.50 g, 1220 mmol) was added followed by ruthéniumchloride (650 mg, 3.136 mmol). After ovemight stirring it was diluted with etherand water, and filtered through a pad of Celite. The organic portion was separatedand the aqueous phase was further extracted with ether. After drying onmagnésium sulfate the solvent was evaporated. Potassium carbonate (42 g) wasadded to the residue and refluxed ovemight in methanol (250 mL) and cooled toroom température. After évaporation, water was added to dissolve the solid, andconc. HCl was added to bring the pH to 2. Chloroform was added and extractedovemight. The organic phase was separated, and aqueous was further extractedwith chloroform. The combined organic extracts were dried, evaporated, and theproduct was purified on a silica gel column and the compound was eluted with20% ether in methylene chloride. Fractions were monitored by tic, and spots weredetected with I2/KI solution. Fractions were combined to give 4.6 g of lactone175. NMR (CDC13) 5 4.38 (dd, 1H, CtfaHbO), 3.93 (app. t, 1H, CHaHbO), 2.54(dd, 1H, CHcHd CO), 2.23 (m, 2H, ŒCH(Me) and CHcÆd C-O), 1.60 (m, 1H,Ctf(Me)2), 0.92 (d, 3H, Ctf3) and 0.85 (d, 3H, Ctf3). (3R,4R)-3-Benzyl-4-isopropyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 176
Lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (1.0 M solution in THF, 92 mL, 92 mmol) was added in 3-5 minutes to a solution of (S)-p-(2-propyl)-y-butyrolactone 175 (11.68 g, 91.25 mmol) in dry THF 100 mL at -78°C underargon atmosphère. It was stirred for 1 h and a solution of benzyl iodide (21.87 g,100.37 mmol )in dry THF was added rapidly. Stirring was continued for 1.5 hoursand quenched at -78°C by the addition of a solution of brine followed by ethylacetate. The organic phase was separated and the aqueous was further extracted
WC 012543 -105- with ether. Chromatography on silica gel first eluted with 5% methylene chloridein pet ether, and finally with 10% ether in pet ether gave desired compound 11.6 g, 58%. NMR (CDCI3) 5 7.19 (m, 5H, C6H5\ 4.02 (app. t, 1H, CtfaHbO),3.87 (dd, 1H, CHaHbO), 2.98 (d, 2H, ArCtf2), 2.57 (q, 1H, BnCtfC=O), 2.05 (m, 5 1H, CÆCH(Me)2,1.55 (m, 1H, Ctf(Me)2), 0.81 (d, 3H, CH3) and 0.72 (d, 3H, C//3). (2R,3R)-2-Benzyl-3-bromomethyl-4-methyl-pentanoic acid ethyl ester 177
Lactone 176 (6.5 g, 29.8 mmol) was dissolved in abs. éthanol (80 mL) and cooled in ice bath. Anhydrous HBr was bubbled through the solution for i hour 10 and stirred at room température ovemight whiîe maintaining reaction under dryatmosphère. It was poured onto ice cooled mixture of pet ether and brine. Theorganic phase was separated, and the aqueous was further extracted with pet ether.The combined organic solution was washed repeatedly with cold water and dried.Solvent was removed in vacuo to give crude compound 7.0 g. NMR (CDCI3) 15 8 7.27 (m, 5H, C^), 4.02 (m, 2H, 3.70 (dd, 1H, CÆaHbBr), 3.55 (dd, 1H, CHa7/bBr), 2.97 (m, 2H, ArCtf2)> 2.83 (q, 1H, BnCHC-O), 2.11 (m, 1H,CHCH(Me)2,1.97 (m, 1H, CZZ(Me)2), 1.10 (t, 3H, CF/3CH2O), 0.96 (d, 3H,Ctf3) and 0.93 (d, 3H, C/%). (2R,3R)-2-Benzy!-3,4-dimethyl-pentanoic acid ethyl ester 178 2Q Bromoester 177 (7.25 g, about 80% pure), in éthanol (100 mL) containing triethylamine (3.2 mL) was hydrogenated ovemight in the presence of 20% Pd/C(1.0 g). It was filtered through a pad of Celite, and the cake was washed withéthanol. Solvent was evaporated, and the residue was taken up in ether,whereupon solid (ΕΐβΝ.ΗΟ) separated. The solid was removed by filtration. The 25 filtrate was concentrated, and the procedure was repeated to eliminate ail hydrochloride sait. Product was chromatographed on a silica gel column whichwas eluted with pet ether to give the desired debrominated compound 3.35 g.NMR (CDCI3) δ 7.21 (m, 5H, C^H5), 3.95 (m, 2H, CH3Œ2O), 2.85 (m, 2H,ArGF/2), 2.64 (q, 1H, BnŒC=0), 1.85 (m, 1H, ŒCH(Me)2,1.62 (m, 1H, ecT/üsoo- 012543 -106- CH(Me)2), 1.05 (t, 3H, Ctf3CH2O), 0.95 (d, 3H, Ctf3) 0.84 (d, 3H, CH3) and0.82 (d, 3H, CH3). MS gave 290 (M + CH3CN), 249 (M + 1), and others at 203.Further elution with ether gave lactone (2.25 g) that was carried over fromprevious step.
Acetic acid (2R3R)-2-benzyl-3,4-dimethyl-pentyl-ester 179
Ethyl ester 178 (3.20 g, 12.85 nunol) was dissoîved in anhydrous ether andcooled in ice bath under inert atmosphère. Lithium aluminum hydride (500 mg, 13.15 mmol) was added, and the suspension was stirred at room températureovemight. Excess LAH was destroyed by careful addition of ethyl acetate whiiethe reaction was stirred in ice bath. Saturated sodium sulfate was added cautiouslyto coagulate the alumina that separated at room température as white precipitate.The reaction mixture was diluted with methylene chloride, and anhydrous sodiumsulfate was added to dry the mixture. After filtration the solution was concentratedto give an oil 3.0 g.
The material (3.0 g) was dissoîved in dichloromethane (30 mL) andtriethylamine (2.5 mL), DMAP (200 mg), and acetic anhydride (1.5 mL) wereadded. It was stirred at room température for 3 hours, and diluted with ether. Theether solution was washed with waster, IN HCl, saturated sodium bicarbonate,brine and dried. The solution was concentrated in vacuo to give the acetoxycompound 179 3.16 g. NMR (CDCI3) δ 7.19 (m, 5H, C^), 4.03 (m, 2H,CH3C//2O), 2.69 (m, 2H, ArCtf2), 2.09 (m, 1H, BnC#CH2O), 2.02 (s, 3H,CTJ3C=O), 1.68 (m, 1H, CH3CHCH(Me)2,1.23 (m, 1H, C//(Me)2), 0.87 (d, 3H,CH3), 0.84 (d, 3H, CH3) and 0.81 (d, 3H, CH3). (R)-4-((R)-l^-Dimethyl-propyl)-dÎhydro-furan-2-one 180
To a solution of aromatic compound 179 (5.0 g, 20.16 mmol) in HPLCgrade acetonitrile (60 mL), carbon tetrachloride (60 mL), and water (120 mL) wasadded sodium periodate (86.24 g, 403.32 mmol, 20 equiv.), followed by RuCl3(414 mg, 10 mol %). The mixture was stirred vigorously ovemight at roomtempérature, and diluted with methylene chloride (400 mL). The mixture wasfiltered through a pad of Celite to remove the solid precipitate. The organic
wVO 012543 PCTZt -107- portion was separated, and the aqueous was further extracted with methylenechloride. After the combined organic portions concentrated, the residue wasdissol ved in ether and applied to a column of Florisil. The compound was elutedwith 3% methanol in ether, evaporated to a paste that was dissol ved in methanol 5 (100 mL). Potassium carbonate (8.0 g) was added, and the mixture was refluxed for 6 hours. The solvent was evaporated, and the solid residue was dissolved inwater. The pH was adjusted to 2 by the careful addition of concentrated HCl whilebeing cooled in ice water bath and stirred. Chloroform (200 mL) was added to thesolution and stirred as such ovemight at room température. The organic phase was 10 separated, and the aqueous portion was further extracted with chloroform. Afterdrying, the solvent was evaporated to give the lactone 180 5.0 g. NMR (CDCI3)δ 4.36 (app. t, 1H, C77aHbO), 3.85 (app. t, 1H, CHatfbO), 2.46 (m, 2H, CHcHàC=O), 2.13 (m, 2H, CtfCH2C=O), 1.60 (m, 1H, CH(Me)2), 1.35 (m, 1H,CH3CÆCH(Me)2), 0.86 (d, 3H, CH3) and 0.72 (t, 3H, CH3). 15 (3R,4R)-3-Bromomethyl-4,5-dimetbyl-hexanoic acid ethyl ester 181
Lactone 180 (5.0 g) was dissolved in absolute éthanol (25 mL) and flushed with argon. While being cooled in ice water bath, anhydrous HBr gas was bubbledthrough the mixture for 45 minutes and allowed to stand at room températureovemight. The mixture was poured into ice-salt water and hexane. The organic 20 phase was separated, and the aqueous was further extracted with hexane. The combined organic extract was dried and evaporated. Flash chromatography with10% ether in pet ether on a silica gel column gave the bromoester 181 3.54 g.NMR (CDCI3) 5 4.14 (q, 2H, CH3tf2O), 3.60 (dd, 1H, CHaHbBr), 3.41 (dd, 1H,CtfcHb Br), 2.54 (dd, 1H, CHatfbC=O), 2.44 (dd, 1H, CHoHbC=O), 2.22 (m, 1H, 25 O=CCH2CtfCH2Br), 1.67 (m, 1 H, C#CH3CH(Me)2> 1.37 (m, 1H, CH(Me)2), 1.26 (t, 3H, C/f3CH2O), 0.94 (d, 3H, CHC#3CH(Me)2} 0.81 (d, 3H,((C/f3)2)CHCH3CH) and 0.79 (d, 3H, ((Cfl^CHCHsCH). * (3R,4R)-3-A2àdomethyI-4^-dimethyl-hexanoic acid ethyl ester 182 andExample 17 (3R,4R)-3-Aminomèthyl-4,5-dimethyl-hexanoic acid wo ’ΓητΛ 012543 -108-
Bromoester 181 (3.54 g, 13.34 mmol), sodium azide (1.04 g, 16.13 mmol)in anhydrous DMF (8.0 mL) was stirred at room température ovemight. Water(16 mL) and hexane were added, the organic portion was separated, and theaqueous portion was further extracted with hexane. ît was dried and evaporated to 5 give azido ester 3.0 g. NMR (CDC13) δ 4.14 (q, 2H, CH3Æ2O), 3.48 (dd, 1H,CHa77bN3), 3.21 (dd, 1H, CÆcHb N3), 2.34 (m 2H, CHaÆbC=O), 2.20 (m, 1H,O=CCH2CHCH2 N3), 1.60 (m, 1H, GffCH3CH(Me)2. Compound was submittedfor hydrogénation (HPL, 66480 x 100). The hydrogenated crude was dissolved in6N HCl and refluxed ovemight The solvent was evaporated in vacuo the residue 10 was azeotroped with toluene. The crude was further purified by loading onto an ion exchange column chromatography (Dowex 50Wb x 8-100), washed to neutraleluent with HPLC grade water followed by elution of compound with 0.5NNH4OH solution. Crystallization of product from methanol gave 720 mg. NMR (CD3OD) δ 3.04 (dd, 1H, CHaHbNH2), 2.82 (dd, 1H, CHcHb NH2), 15 2.52 (dd, 1H, CHatfbC=O), 2.40 (dd, 1H, CHaÎibC=O), 2.07 (m, 1H, O=CCH2CHCH2NH2), 1.67 (1¾ 1H, CJ7CH3CH(Me)2> 1.35 (m, 1H, C77(Me)2),0.97 (d, 3H, CHCH3CH(Me)25 0.88 (d, 3H, ((Ctf3)2)CHCH3CH) and 0.83 (d,3H, ((CH3)2)CHCH3CH). [oc]D -5.3 (c, MeOH, 1.9 mg/mL). Anal. Calcd forC9H19NO2: C 62.39, H 11.05, N 8.08. Found C 62.01, H 11.35, N 7.88. 20 MS showed ions at 215 (M + CH3CN), 197 (M + Na+), 174 (M + H+). Analysisof dérivative by reverse phase HPLC, Hypersil BDS Cj g 5 micron and mobilephase 50/50 CH3CN-water containing 0.1%TFA gave 99.93% purity at rétentiontime of 8.21 minutes. 012S43 ’CT/’ ‘ ·*· -109-
Examples 18-20: Synthesis of 3-Aminomethyl-4-isopropyl-heptanoic acid NC"
RMgBr, THF
2) -acetate
183R = nPr
Ra Ni, MeOH, TEA->-
186R = nPr
Example 18 R = nPrExample 19 R = nBuExample 20 R = Et 2-Cyano-4-methyî-2-pentenoic acid methyl ester 61 A solution of isobutyraldéhyde (30.0 g, 416 mmol), methyl-cyano-acetate 5 (20.6 g, 208 mmol), ammonium hydroxide (3.2 g, 41.6 mmol) and acetic acid (5.0 g, 83.2 mmol) in 500 mL of toluene is warmed to reflux under a Dean-Stark 012543 WOOf -110- trap for 12 hours. The mixture is cooled to room température and extracted withsaturated NaHSC>3 (3 x 100 mL), saturated NaHCC>3 (3 x 100 mL), and 100 mLof brine. The organic layer is dried over Na2SÛ4, and the solvent is evaporated.
The remaining oil is distilled under high vacuum (0.5 mm Hg, B.P. - 115-120°C) 5 to give 28.8 g of 2-cyano-4-methyl-2-pentenoic acid methyl ester 61 as an oil(90% yield). 2-Cyano-3-isopropyl-hexanoic acid methyl ester 183 A 2.0 M solution of propyl magnésium chloride in Et2Û (9.8 mL, 19.6 mmol) is added to a solution of 2-cyano-4-methyl-2-pentenoic acid (3.0 g,
10 19.6 mmol) in 50 mL of THF which is cooled in an IPA/dry ice bath to -40°C under argon. The solution is stirred for 4 hours, and the reaction is quenched byaddition of 50 mL of saturated KH2PO4. The THF is evaporated, and theremaining oil is chromatographed under medium pressure over silica gel with50% CH2Cl2/hexane. Yield = 1.9 g (50%) of 2-cyano-3-isopropyl-hexanoic acid 15 methyl ester as an oil. 2-Cyano-2-(l-isopropyl-butyl)-succinic acid 4-fert-butyl ester 1-methylester 184 A solution of 2-cyano-3-isopropyl-hexanoic acid methyl ester (1.9 g, 9.6 mmol) in 10 mL of THF is added to a slurry of NaH (washed with hexane, 20 0.23 g, 9.6 mmol) in 20 mL of THF which is cooled in an ice water bath under argon. The solution is stirred for 10 minutes, and t-butyl bromoacetate (2.1 g, 10.6 mmol) is added. The solution is warmed to room température. After 12 hours, the reaction is quenched by addition of 50 mL of saturated KH2PO4 andthe THF is evaporated. The organic products are extracted into Et2<) (3 x 50 mL), 25 and the combined organic iayers are dried over MgSC>4. The solvent is evaporated, and the remaining oil is chromographed under medium pressure oversilica gel in 25% hexane/CH2Cl2· Yield of 2-cyano-2-(l-isopropyl-butyl)-succinicacid 4-rer?-butyl ester 1-methyl ester = 1.3 g (42%) as an oil. 012543
PCT -111- 3-Cyano-4-isopropyI-heptanoic acid t-butyl ester 185 A mixture of 2-cyano-2-(l-isopropyl-butyl)-succinic acid 4-ier?-butyl ester 1-methyl ester (1.3 g, 4.2 mmol), NaCl (0.25 g, 4.2 mmol), and H2O (0.15 g, 8.3 mmol) in 25 mL of DMSO is warmed to 130°C for 12 hours. The mixture is 5 cooled to room température and diluted with 100 mL of brine. The organic
Products are extracted into Et2Û (3 x 50 mL). The organic layers are combinedand washed with 50 mL of H2O and 50 mL of brine. Drying over Na2SÛ4 andévaporation of the solvent gives 0.8 g (75% yield) of 3-cyano-4-isopropyl-heptanoic acid t-butyl ester as an oil. 10 4-(l-Isopropyl-butyl)-2-pyrrolidone 186 3- Cyano-4-isopropyl-heptanoic acid t-butyl ester (0.8 g, 3.2 mmol) isreduced under 50 psi of H2 in MeOH containing TEA and Ra Ni. When thetheoretical amount of H2 is taken up, the catalyst is removed by filtration, and thesolvent is evaporated to give 0.6 g (100% yield) of 4-(l-isopropyl-butyl)-2- 15 pyrrolidone as an oil.
Example 18: 3-Aminomethyl-4-isopropyl-heptanoic acid 4- (l-Isopropyî-butyl)-2-pyrrolidone (0.6 g, 2.3 mmol) is warmed to refluxin 50 mL of 6.0 M HCl for 12 hours. The solution is cooled to room températureand filtered through Celite. The filtrate is evaporated, and the solid remaining is 20 recrystallized from MeOHZEtOAc. Yield 0.035 g (6% yield) of 3-aminomethyl-4-isopropyl-heptanoic acid as an HCl sait, mp 160-170°C. NMR (CD3OD) δ 0.9 (m, 9H), 1.30 (m, 5H), 1.78 (m, 1H), 2.30 (m, 2H), 2.45 (m, 1H), 2.95 (m, 2H).MS (APCI, CH3CN, H2O) 201 (M+, 100%).
Example 19: 3-Aminomethyl-4-isopropyl-octanoic acid
Prepared according to the procedure of Example 18. Yield = 0.13 g (15%) of 3-aminomethyl-4-isopropyl-octanoic acid, mp = 160-170°C. NMR(CD3OD) δ 0.9 (m, 9H), 1.30 (m, 7H), 1.78 (m, 1H), 2.30 (m, 1H), 2.45 (m, 2H), 2.95 (m, 2H). MS (APCI, CH3CN, H2O) 198 (M-17,100%), 216 (M+, 50%). 25 012543 -112-
Example 20:3-Aminomethyl-4-isopropyl-hexanoic acid
Prepared according to the procedure of Example 18. Yield = 0.11 g (42%) of 3-aminomethyl-4-isopropyl-hexanoic acid. mp= 170-180°C. ^HNMR(CD3OD) δ 0.9 (m, 9H), 1.18 (m, 1H), 1.39 (m, 3H), 1.78 (m, 1H), 2.30 (m, 1H), 5 2.45 (m, 1H), 2.95 (m, 2H). MS (APCI, CH3CN, H2O) 188 (M+, 100%).
191 Exarcple 21 (i) MeO2CCH=PPh3, THF, 40°C; (ii) MeNO2, DBU; (iii) Raney Nickel, H2,MeOH; (iv) Pd-C, MeOH, H2; (v) 6N HCl 10 Synthesis of the unsaturated ester 188 (S)-(-)-citronellal 187 (2.0 mL, 11.03 mmol) was stirred at 40°C in dry tetrahydrofuran (30 mL) with methyl triphenylphosphoranylidene acetate (3.69 g, 11.03 mmol). After 8 hours the mixture was cooled to room température andstirred ovemight. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue stirred with 15 n-pentane (50 mL). After 1 hour the solid was removed by filtration and thesolvent removed in vacuo to give an oil which was purified by flashchromatography (silica, ethyl acetate :heptane 1:9) to give 2.05 g (88%) of 188 asa clear oil. ]H NMR (400 MHz) (CDC13) δ 0.90 (3H, d, J = 6 Hz); 1.12-1.40 (2H,m); 1.60 (3H, s); 1.62 (1H, m); 1.68 (3H, s); 2.01 (3H, m); 2.21 (1H, m); 012543 -113- 3.73 (3H, s); 5.08 (1H, m); 5.82 (1H, d, J = 16 Hz); 6.94 (1H, m). MS (CI+) (m/z): 211 (MH+, 75%), 179 (78%), 151 (100%). IR (thin film) (cm"l) v: 1271,1436,1728,2917.
Synthesis of the nitroester 189
The ester 188 (2.02 g, 9.6 mmol) was dissolved in nitromethane (25 mL)with l,8-diazabicyclo[5,4,0]undec-7-ene (1.44mL, 9.6 mmol) and stirred atroomtempérature. After 23 hours the mixture was diluted with diethyl ether (150 mL)and washed with water (50 mL) and then 2N HCl (50 mL). The organic phase wascollected, dried (MgSO4), and die solvent removed in vacuo. The residue waspurified by flash chromatography (silica, ethyl acetate:heptane 3:7) to give 2.26 g(87%) of 189 as a clear oil. Note that this and ail subséquent compounds areequimolar mixtures of 2 diastereoisomers. NMR (400 MHz) (CDCI3) δ0.90 (2 x 3H, each d, J = 6 Hz); 1.09-1.58 (10H, m); 1.602 (6H, s); 1.685 (6H, s); 1.94 (4H, m); 2.42 (4H, m); 2.66 (2H, m); 3.70 (6H, s); 4.42 (4H, m); 5.07 (2H, m). MS (CI+) (m/z): 272 (MH+, 90%), 240 (100%), 151 (100%). IR (thin film) (cm-1) v: 1554,1739,2918.
Synthesis of the lactam 191
The nitro ester 189 (2.09 g, 7.7 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (75 mL)and shaken over Raney Nickel (catalytic, prewashed with water and then 'methanol) under an atmosphère of hydrogen gas (39 psi) at 35°C. After 17 hoursthe mixture was filtered through Ceîite. The solvent was removed in vacuo to givean oil. NMR showed there had been partial réduction of the double bond sothis was carried on without further purification. A sample of this partial reducedproduct (440 mg, 2.1 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (40 mL) and shaken over5% Pd-C under an atmosphère of hydrogen gas. After 18 hours the catalyst wasremoved by filtration through Celite to obtain 442 mg (99% from partial reducedmateriaî) as a clear oil which did not need purification. Note that this and alisubséquent compounds are equimolar mixtures of 2 diastereoisomers. NMR (400 MHz) (CDCI3) S: 0.88 (18H, m); 1.04-1.58 (20H, m); 1.96 (2H, m); 012543 -114- 2.40 (2H, m); 2.58 (2H, m); 2.98 (2H, m); (3.45 (2H, m), 5.82 (2H, br s). MS (CI+) (m/z): 212 (MH+, 100%).
Synthesis of Example 21
The lactam 191 (428 mg, 2.0 mmol) was heated to reflux in 6N HCl 5 (20 mL). After 5 hours the mixture was cooled to room température and washed with dichloromethane (2x10 mL). The aqueous phase was collected and thesolvent removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in water (10 mL) and freezedried to give 382 mg (71%) of Example 34 as a white solid. Note that thiscompound is an equimolar mixture of 2 diastereoisomers. NMR (400 MHz) 10 (dg-DMSO) 5 0.82 (18H, m); 0.95-1.55 (20H, m); 2.05-2.45 (6H, m); 2.75 (4H,m); 7.98 (6H, br s). MS (CI4·) (m/z): 230 ([MH-HC1]+, 90%), 212 (100%).
Microanalysis: Calculated for C13H28NO2CI: C 58.74; H 10.62; N 5.27. 15 Found: C 58.46; H 10.50; N 5.33.
To one skilled in the art, the use of (R)-(+)-citronellal would affordcompounds of opposite C5-stereochemistry to Example 21.

Claims (14)

012543 115 CLAJMS
1. A compound of Formula I
or a pharmaceutically acceptable sait thereof wherein: R1 is hydrogen, straight or branched alkyl of from 1 to 6 carbon atoms or phenyl; R2 is straight or branched alkyl of from 4 to 8 carbon atoms, 5 straight or branched alkenyl of from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of from 3 to 7 carbon atoms,alkoxy of from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, - alkylcycloalkyl, - alkylalkoxy, 10 - alkyl OH, - alkylphenyl, - alkylphenoxy, or - substituted phenyl.
2. A compound according to claim 1 wherein R1 is hydrogen and R2 is straight or 15 branched alkyl of from 4 to 8 carbon atoms.
3-Aminomethyl-4-isopropyl heptanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-6-fluoro-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-7-fluoro-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-7,7,7-trifluoro-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; 25 (3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-8,8,8-trifluoro-5-methyl-octanoic acid; (3 S, 5 S)-3-Aminomethyl-5,6-dimethyl-heptanoic acid; 012543 122 (3R,4R,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-4,5-dimethyl-heptanoic acid; and(3R,4R, 5R)-3 - Aminomethyl-4,5-dimethyl-octanoic acid.
3-Aminomethyl-4-isopropyl-hexanoic acid;
3-Aminomethyl-4,5-dimethyl-hexanoic acid; (3S,4S)-3-Aminomethyl-4,5-dimethyl-hexanoic acid;(3R,4R)3-Aminomethyl-4,5-dimethyl-hexanoic acid MP;
3 - Aminomethyl-5 -methyl-octanoic acid;
3-Aminomethyl-5-methylheptanoic acid;
3-Aminomethyl-5-(3-methoxyphenyl)-hexanoic acid;3-Aminomethyl-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-hexanoic acid; and3-Aminomethyl-5-(phenylmethyl)-hexanoic acid.
3-Aminomethyl-5-(2-methoxyphenyl)-hexanoic acid;
3 -AminOmethyl-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-hexanoic acid;3-Aminomethyl-5-(3-chlorophenyl)-hexanoic acid;3-Aminomethyl-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-hexanoic acid;
3 - Aminomethyl-5-cyclobutyl-hexanoic acid;
3-Aminomethyl-5-cyclopropyl-hexanoic acid;
3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-tridecanoic acid;
3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-dodecanoic acid;
3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-undecanoicacid;
3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-decanoicacid;
3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-nonanoic acid; ¢12543
3. A compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable sait thereof according to Claim 1and selected from:
4. A compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable sait thereof wherein said 15 compound is (3 S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-heptanoic acid.
5 A compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable sait thereof wherein saidcompound is (3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-octanoic acid. 20
6. A compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable sait thereof according to Claim 1 wherein said compound is (3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-nonanoic acid;(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-decanoic acid;(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-undecanoic acid; or(3 S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-dodecanoic acid. 25 012543 117
7. A compound according to Claim 1 and selected from:(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5,9-dimethyl-decanoic acid; (3 S, 5R)-3 - Aminomethyl-5-methyl-heptanoic acid;(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5,7-dimethyl-octanoic acid; 5 (3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5,10-dimethyl-undecanoic acid; (3 S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-6-cyclopropyl-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; (3 S, 5R)-3-Aminomethyl-6-cyclobutyl-5-methyl-hexanoic acid;(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-6-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-hexanoic acid;(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-cyclohexyl-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; 10 (3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-7-cyclopropyl-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; (3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-7-cyclobutyl-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; (3 S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-7-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-heptanoic acid;(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-7-cyclohexyl-5-methyl-heptanoic acid;(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-8-cyclopropyl-5-methyl-octanoic acid; 15 (3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-8-cyclobutyl-5-methyl-octanoic acid; (3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-8-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-octanoic acid; and(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-8-cyclohexyl-5-methyl-octanoicacid.
8. A compound according to Claim 1 and selected from: (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-methoxy-hexanoic acid; 20 (3S,5S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-ethoxy-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-propoxy-hexanoic acid; (3 S, 5 S)-3 - Aminomethyl-5 -i sopropoxy-hexanoic acid; (3 S,5 S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-ZerZ-butoxy-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-fluoromethoxy-hexanoic acid; 25 (3S,5S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-(2-fluoro-ethoxy)-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-(3J3,3“trifluoro-ProPoxy)’hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-phenoxy-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-(4-chloro-phenoxy)-hexanoic acid; 012543 118 (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-(3-chloro-phenoxy)-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Ajminomethyl-5-(2-chloro-phenoxy)-hexanoic acid; (3 S,5S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-(4-fluoro-phenoxy)-hexanoic acid; (3 S,5S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-(3-fluoro-phenoxy)-hexanoic acid; (3 S,5S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-(2-fluoro-phenoxy)-hexanoic acid; (3 S, 5 S)-3 - Aminomethyl-5-(4-methoxy-phenoxy)-hexanoic acid; (3 S,5S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-(3-methoxy-phenoxy)-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-hexanoic acid; (3 S,5S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-(4-nitro-phenoxy)-hexanoic acid; (3 S, 5 S)-3 - Aminomethyl-5 -(3 -nitro-phenoxy)-hexanoic acid ; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-(2-nitro-phenoxy)-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-6-propoxy-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-6-isopropoxy-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; (3 S, 5 S)-3 - Aminomethyl-6-Zer/-butoxy-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-6-fluôromethoxy-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; (3 S, 5 S)-3 - Aminomethyl-6-(2-fluoro-ethoxy)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-6-(3,3,3-trifluoro-propoxy)-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-6-phenoxy-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-6-(4-chloro-phenoxy)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; (3 S, 5 S)-3 - Aminomethyl-6-(3 -chloro-phenoxy)-5 -methy 1-hexanoic acid ; (3 S, 5 S)-3 - Ami nomethyl-6-(2-chloro-phenoxy)- 5 -methyl-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-6-(4-fluoro-phenoxy)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; (3 S, 5 S)-3 - Aminomethyl-6-(3 -fluoro-phenoxy)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; (3 S, 5 S)-3 - Aminomethyl-6-(2-fluoro-phenoxy)- 5 -methyl-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-6-(4-methoxy-phenoxy)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-6-(3-methoxy-phenoxy)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyi-6-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl 6-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-hexanoic acid; (3S,5S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl 6-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-hexanoic acid; 012543 119 (3 S,5S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl 6-(2-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-hexanoic acid;(3 S, 5 S)-3 - Aminomethyl-5-methyl-6-(4-nitro-phenoxy)-hexanoic acid; (3 S, 5 S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-6-(3 -nitro-phenoxy)-hexanoic acid; (3 S, 5 S)-3 - Aminomethyl-5-methyl-6-(2-nitro-phenoxy)-hexanoic acid; 5 (3S,5S)-3-Aminomethyl-6-benzyloxy-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; (3 S, 5 S)-3 - Aminomethyl-7-hydroxy-5 -methyl-heptanoic acid ; (3 S, 5 S)-3-Aminomethyl-7-methoxy-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; (3 S, 5 S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-7-propoxy-heptanoic acid; (3 S,5S)-3-Aminomethyl-7-isopropoxy-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; 10 (3S,5S)-3-Aminomethyl-7-/eri-butoxy-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-7-fluoromethoxy-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-7-(2-fluoro-ethoxy)-5-methyl-heptanoic aid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-7-(3,3,3-trifluoro-propoxy-heptanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-7-benzyloxy-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; 15 (3S,5S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-7-phenoxy-heptanoic acid; (3 S, 5 S)-3 - Aminomethyl-7-(4-chloro-phenoxy)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-7-(3-chloro-phenoxy)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-7-(2-chloro-phenoxy)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; (3 S, 5 S)-3 - Aminomethyl-7-(4-fluoro-phenoxy)-5-methy 1-heptanoic acid ; 20 (3 S, 5 S)-3-Aminomethyl-7-(3 -fluoro-phenoxy)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-7-(2-fluoro-phenoxy)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; (3 S, 5 S)-3 - Aminomethyl-7-(4-methoxy-phenoxy)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-7-(3-methoxy-phenoxy)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-7-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid; 25 (3 S, 5 S)-3 - Aminomethyl-5-methyl-7-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-heptanoic acid ; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-methyi-7-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-heptanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-7-(2-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-heptanoic acid;(3 S, 5S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-7-(4-nitro-phenoxy)-heptanoic acid; (3 S, 5 S)-3 - Aminomethyl-5-methyl-7-(3 -nitro-phenoxy)-heptanoic acid ; 0Î2543 120 (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-7-(2-nitro-phenoxy)-heptanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-6-phenyl-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-6-(4-chloro-phenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-6-(3-chloro-phenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-6-(2-chloro-phenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-6-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-6-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoicacid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-6-(2-methoxy-phenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-6-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; (3 S, 5 S)-3 - Aminomethyl-6-(2-fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid; (3 S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-7-phenyl-heptanoic acid;(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-7-(4-chloro-phenyl)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid;(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-7-(3-chloro-phenyl)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid;(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-7-(2-chloro-phenyl)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid;(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-7-(4-fnethoxy-phenyl)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid;(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-7-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid;(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-7-(2-methoxy-phenyl)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid;(3 S, 5R)-3-Aminomethyl-7-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid;(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-7-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid;(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-7-(2-fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-heptanoic acid;* (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-hept-6-enoic acid; (3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-oct-7-enoic acid; (3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-non-8-enoic acid; (E)-(3S,5S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-oct-6-enoic acid; (Z)-(3 S,5S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-oct-6-enoic acid; (Z)-(3S,5S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-non-6-enoic acid; (E)-(3 S, 5 S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-non-6-enoic acid; (E)-(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-non-7-enoic acid; (Z)-(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-non-7-enoic acid; 012543 121 (Z)-(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-dec-7-enoic acid;(E)-(3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-undec-7-enoicacid; (3 S, 5 S)-3 -Aminomethyl-5,6,6-trimethyl-heptanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-cyclopropyl-hexanoic acid; 5 (3S,5S)-3-Aminomethyl-5-cyclobutyl-hexanoic acid; (3S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-8-phenyl-octanoic acid; (35.55) -3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-6-phenyl-hexanoic acid; and(3 S,5R)-3-Aminomethyl-5-methyl-7-phenyl-heptanoic acid.
9. A compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable sait thereof according to Claim 1 10 wherein R2 is substituted phenyl, or alkylphenyl, cycloalkyl or alkylcycloalkyl.
10. A compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable sait thereof according to Claim 1wherein R2 is alkylphenoxy or alkylhydroxy.
11. A compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable sait thereof wherein saidcompound is selected from:
12. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of acompound according to Claims 1,4, 5 or 11 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
13. Use of a compound according to Claims 1, 4, 5 or 11 in the manufacture of a médicament for treating epilepsy, faintness attacks, hypokinesia, cranial disorders,neurodegenerative disorders, dépréssion, anxiety, panic, pain, neuropathological disorders, sleepdisorders, IBS or gastric damage in a mammal in need of said treatment.
14. Use of a compound according to Claims 1, 4, 5 or 11 in the manufacture of a 10 médicament for treating epilepsy, anxiety, panic, pain, sleep disorders, IBS, or gastric damage ina mammal in need of said treatment.
OA1200300178A 2003-07-18 2003-07-18 Mono-and disubstituted 3-propyl gamma-aminobutyricacids. OA12543A (en)

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