NZ789925A - System and methods for realizing transverse Anderson localization in energy relays using component engineered structures - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed are systems and methods for manufacturing energy relays for energy directing systems and Transverse Anderson Localization. Systems and methods include providing first and second component engineered structures with first and second sets of engineered properties and forming a medium using the first component engineered structure and the second component engineered structure. The forming step includes randomizing a first engineered property in a first orientation of the medium resulting in a first variability of that engineered property in that plane, and the values of the second engineered property allowing for a variation of the first engineered property in a second orientation of the medium, where the variation of the first engineered property in the second orientation is less than the variation of the first engineered property in the first orientation. he first component engineered structure and the second component engineered structure. The forming step includes randomizing a first engineered property in a first orientation of the medium resulting in a first variability of that engineered property in that plane, and the values of the second engineered property allowing for a variation of the first engineered property in a second orientation of the medium, where the variation of the first engineered property in the second orientation is less than the variation of the first engineered property in the first orientation.

Description

Disclosed are systems and methods for manufacturing energy relays for energy directing systems and Transverse Anderson Localization. Systems and methods include providing first and second component engineered structures with first and second sets of ered ties and forming a medium using the first component engineered structure and the second component engineered structure. The forming step includes randomizing a first engineered property in a first orientation of the medium resulting in a first variability of that ered property in that plane, and the values of the second engineered property allowing for a ion of the first engineered property in a second orientation of the medium, where the ion of the first engineered property in the second orientation is less than the variation of the first engineered property in the first orientation.

NZ 789925 SYSTKM AND MKI'HODS FOR REALIZING TRANSVERSE ANDERSON LOCALIZATION IN ENJnlGY RELAYS USING COMPONENT ENGINEERED URE:s TECHNICAL FIELD This sure generally relates to energy , and more specifically, to systems of transverse Anderson localization energy relays and methods of manufacturing thereof BACKGROUNn The dream of an interactive virtual world within a "holodeck" chamber as popularized by Gene Roddenberry's Star Trek and originally envisioned by author Alexander Moszkowski in the early 1900s has been the inspiration for e fiction and technological innovation for nearly a century. However, no compelling implementation of this experience exists outside of literature, media, and the tive imagination of children and adults alike.

SUMMARY Disclosed are system and method of manufacturing transverse Anderson localization energy relays with engineered structures.

One method of forming a transverse Anderson localization energy relays 'vvith engineered structures includes: (a) providing one or more of a first component engineered structure, the first component engineered structure having a first set of engineered properties, and (b) providing one or more of a second ent ered structure, the second component engineered structure having a second set of engineered properties, where both the first component engineered structure and the second component engineered stmcture have at least two common engineered properties, denoted by a first engineered property and a second ered property.

Next step in the method es (c) forming a medium using the one or rnore of the first component engineered structure and the one or more of the second component ered structure, the forming step randomizes the first engineered property in a first plane of the medium resulting in a first variability of that ered property in that plane, with the values of the second engineered prope1iy allowing for a variation of the first engineered property in a second plane of the medium, where the variation of the first engineered prope1iy in the second plane is less than the variation ofthe first engineered property in the first plane.

In one ment, the first engineered property that is common to both the first component ered structure and the second component engineered structure is index of refraction, and the second engineered property that is common to both the first component engineered structure and the second component engineered structure is shape, and the forming step (c) randomizes the refractive index of the first ent engineered structure and the refractive index of the second component engineered structure along a first plane of the medium resulting in a first variability in index of refraction, \vith the combined geometry of the shapes of the first component engineered structure and the second component engineered structure resulting in a ion in index ofrefraction in the second plane of the medium, where the variation of the index of tion in the second plane is less than the variation of index of refraction in the first plane of the medium.

In one embodiment, the method further es (d) forming an assembly using the medium such that the first plane of the medium extends along the transverse orientation of the assembly and the second plane of the medium extends along the longitudinal 01ientation of the assembly, where energy waves propagating through the assembly have higher transport efficiency in the longitudinal orientation versus the erse orientation and are spatially localized in the erse orientation due to the first engineered property and the second engineered property.

In some embodiments, the forming steps (c) or (d) includes forming the assembly into a layered, concentric, cylindrical configuration or a rolled, spiral configuration or other ly configurations required for optical prescriptions defining the fonnation of the assembly of the one or more first component engineered ure and the one or more second component engineered ure in predefined volumes aiong at least one of the transverse orientation and the longitudinal orientation thereby resulting in one or rnore gradients between the first order of refractive index and the second order of refractive index 'vvith respect to on throughout the medium.

In other embodiments, each ofthe forming steps (c) and (d) includes at least one of g by intermixing, curing, bonding, UV re, fusing, machining, laser cutting, melting, polymerizing, etching, engraving, 3D printing, CNCing, lithographic processing, metallization, liquefying, deposition, ink-jet printing, laser forming, optical forming, ating, layering, heating, cooling, ordering, disordering, polishing, obliterating, g, material removmg, compressmg, pressunzmg, vacuummg, gravitational forces and other processing methods.

[OOH)] In yet another embodiment, the method further includes (e) processing the assembly by forming, molding or machining to create at least one of complex or formed shapes, curved or slanted surfaces, optical elements, gradient index lenses, diffractive optics, optical relay, optical taper and other ric configurations or optical devices.

In an embodiment, the properties of the engineered structures of steps (a) and (b) and the formed medium of step (c) cumulatively e to exhibit the properties ofTransverse on Localization.

In some ments, the forming step (c) includes g with at least one of: (i) an additive process of the first ent engineered structure to the second component ered structure; (ii) a subtractive process of the first component engineered structure to produce voids or an inverse stmcture to form with the second component engineered stmcture; (iii) an additive process of the second component engineered structure to the first component engineered structure; or (iv) a ctive process of the second ent engineered stmcture to produce voids or an mverse structure to form with the first component engineered stmcture.

In one embodiment, each ofthe providing steps (a) and (b) includes the one or more of the first component engineered structure and the one or more of the second component ered stmcture being in at least one ofliquid, gas or solid form. In another embodiment, each of the providing steps (a) and (b) es the one or more of the first component engineered stmcture and the one or more of the second component engineered stmcture being ofat least one of polymeric material, and where each of the first refractive index and the second refractive index being greater than 1. In one embodiment, each ofthe providing steps (a) and (b) includes the one or more of the first component engineered structure and the one or more of the second component engineered structure, having one or more of first component engineered stmcture dimensions differing in a first and second plane, and one or more of second component engineered ure dimensions differing in a first and second piane, where one or more ofthe structure dimensions ofthe second plane are different than the first plane, and the structure dimension ofthe first plane are less than four tiines the wavelength of visible light.

Another method of forming a transverse Anderson zation energy relays with engineered structures includes: (a) providing one or rnore of a first component engineered structure, the first component ered structure having a first refractive index no, engineered property po, and first absorptive optical y bo, and (b) providing one or more N component engineered structure, each Ni structure with refractive index lli, engineered propertypi, and absorptive optical quality b1, where N is 1 or greater.

In another embodiment, the method includes: (c) fonning a medium using the one or more of the first component engineered structure, and the one or more of the Ni structure, the fonning step izes the first refractive index no and the refractive index lli along a first plane of the medium resulting in a first refractive index variability, with ered properties po and p, inducing a second refractive index variability along a second plane of the medium, where the second plane is different from the first plane, and where the second refractive index variability is lower than the first refractive index variability due to the combined geometry between the first engineered propertypo and the engineered propertypi.

In yet another embodiment, the method includes: (d) forming an assembly using the medium such that the first plane of the medium is the transverse orientation of the assembly and the second plane of the medium is the longitudinal orientation of the ly, where energy waves propagating from an entrance to an exit of the assembly have higher transport efficiency in the longitudinal orientation versus the transverse ation and are spatially zed in the transverse orientation due to the ered properties and the resultant refractive index variability, and where the absorptive optical quality of the medium tates the reduction of unwanted diffusion or scatter of energy waves through the assembly.

In some embodiments, where each of the providing steps (a) and (b) includes the one or more of the first component engineered structure and the one or more of the i structure being an ve process including at least one of bonding agent, oil, epoxy, and other optical grade, ve materials or immersion fluids.

In some embodiments, the forming step (c) includes forming the medium into a lid form, and where the forming step (d) includes g the assembly into a loose, coherent \vaveguide system having a flexible housing for receiving the non-solid form medium.

In other embodiments, the forming step (c) includes fonning the medium into a liquid form, and where the forming step (d) includes forming the assembly by directly depositing or applying liquid form medium.

In some embodiments, the forming steps (c) and (d) e combining two or more loose or fused mediums in varied orientations for forming at least one of multiple entries or le exits of the assembly.

In other embodiments, the forming step (d) includes forming the assembly into a system to trnnsrnit and receive the energy waves. In one embodiment, the system is capable of both transmitting and receiving localized energy simultaneously through the same medium.

Another method of forming a transverse Anderson localization energy relays with engineered structures includes: (a) providing one or more component engineered structure, each one or more structure having material engineered properties, where at least one structure is processed into a transient al state or exhibits nonstandard temporary ordering of chemical chains; (b) fom1ing a medimn by at least one of an additive, subtractive or isolated process, the additive process includes adding at least one transient structure to one or more onal structure, the subtractive process includes producing voids or an inverse ure from at least one transient structure to form with the one or more additional structure, the isolated process includes engineering at least one ent structure in the absence or removal of additional structure; and (c) g an assembly with the medium such that at least one transient material modifies the transient ordering of chemical chains inducing an increase of material property ion along a first plane of an assembly relative to a decrease of al ty variation along a second plane of an assembly.

In one embodiment, the method further includes: (d) the formed assembly of step (c) resulting in structures within the nd formed medium of step (b) exhibiting at least one of different dimensions, particle size or volume individually and cumulatively as provided for in step (a) and engineered as a compound sub-structure for further assembly; (e) providing at least one or more of the compound sub-structure from step (c) and the compound formed medium from step (b), collectively called sub-structure, the one or more sub-structure having one or more refractive index variation for a first and second plane and one or more sub-structure engineered property; (f) providing one or more N structure, each N structure having a refractive index n, and an engineered property pi, where i is l or greater; (g) forming a medium using the one or more sub-structure and the one or more Ni structure, the forming step randomizes the nt refractive index along the one or rnore sub-structure's first plane resulting in a first compound m refractive index variability, with ered properties inducing a second compound medium tive index variability along the one or more sub-structure's second plane, where the one or more sub-structure's second plane is different from the one or more ructure's first plane, and where the second nd medium refractive index variability is lower than the first compound medium tive index variability due to the one or more sub-structure engineered ty and the N engineered property; and (h) forming a compound assembly using the compound medium such that the one or more sub-stmcture's first plane is the transverse orientation of the compound assembly and the one or more sub-structure's second plane is the longitudinal orientation of the compound assembly, where energy 'vvaves propagating to or from an entrance to an exit ofthe compound assembly have higher ort efficiency in the longitudinal orientation versus the transverse orientation and are lly localized in the transverse orientation due to the compound ered properties and the resultant compound refractive index variability.

In some embodiments, the assembly of step (c) or step (h) includes heating or other form of processing to modify the transient ordering of chemical chains of the materials within the assembly, where the arrangement, density, and engineered property of the transient materials are varied in at least one of the transverse orientation or the udinal orientation, y causing the assembly during heat treatment or other processing to naturally taper or cause dimensional variations along at least one of the transverse orientation or the longitudinal orientation of the assembly to e various optical geometries that would have othenvise required complex manufacturing that maintain the appropriate ordering for energy transport efficiency. [0025! In one embodiment, a device having Transverse Anderson Localization property includes a relay element formed ofone or more ofa first structure and one or more of a second structure, the first structure having a first wave propagation property and the second ure having a second wave propagation property, the relay element configured to re!ay energy therethrough, where, along a transverse orientation the first structure and the second structure are ammged in an interleaving configuration with spatial variability, where, along a longitudinal orientation the first structure and the second structure have substantially similar configuration, and where energy is spatially localized in the transverse orientation and greater than about 50 %) of the energy propagaws along llle longitudinal orientation versus the transverse orientation through the relay element.

In another embodiment, the relay element includes a first surface and a second surface, and wherein the energy ating bet·ween the first surface and the second e travel along a path that is substantially parallel to the udinal orientation. ln sorne embodiments, the first wave propagation property is a first index of refraction and the second wave propagation property is a second index of refraction, where a variability en the first index ofrefraction and the second index of refraction results in the energy being lly localized in the transverse orientation and r than about 50 % of the energy propagating from the first surface to the second surface. [0027! In one embodiment, the energy passing through the first surface has a first resolution, \vhere the energy passing through the second surface has a second resolution, and where the second tion is no less than about 50 %) of the first resolution. In r embodiment, the energy with a uniform e presented to the first surface passes h the second surface to substantially fili a cone with an opening angle of +i- 10 degrees relative to the normal to the second surface, iITespective of location of the energy on the second surface.

In one ment, the first surface has a different surface area than the second surface, where the relay element further comprises a sloped profile portion between the first smface and the second surface, and where the energy passing through the relay element results in spatial magnification or spatial de-magnification. In another embodiment, each of the first structure and the second structure includes glass, carbon, optical fiber, l film, r or mixtures thereof [0029! In some embodiments, both the first e and the second surface are planar, or both the first surface and the second surface are non-planar, or the first surface is planar and the second smface is non-planar, or the first surface is anar and the second surface is planar, or both the first surface and the second surface are concave, or both the first e and the second surface are convex, or the first surface is e and the second surface is convex, or the first surface is convex and the second surface is concave.

In one embodiment, the device includes the first structure having an average first ion along the transverse orientation that is less than four times the wavelength of the energy relayed hrough, average second and third dimensions substantially larger than the average first dimension along second and third orientations, respectively, the second and third orientations substantially orthogonal to the transverse orientation, where the second wave propagation prope1iy has the same property as the first wave propagation property but with a different value, where the first structure and the second structure are arranged with maximum spatial variability in the transverse dimension such that the first wave propagation property and the second vvave propagation property have maximum variation, where the first structure and the second stmcture are lly arranged such that the first wave propagation ty and the second wave propagation property are invariant along the longitudinal orientation, and where along the transverse orientation throughout the relay elernent, the center-to-center spacing between channels of the first structure varies ly, with an average spacing between one and four times an average dimension of the first structure, and where two adjacent longitudinal ls of the first structure are separated by the second structure at substantially every location by a distance of at least one half the average dimension of the first structure.

In one embodiment, the relay element includes a first surface and a second surface, and ,vhere the energy propagating en the first e and the second surface travel along a path Urnt is substamiaHy parallel to the longitudinal orientalion. In another embodiment, the first wave propagation property is a first index of refraction and the second wave propagation ty is a second index of refraction, v,there a ility bet\veen the first index of refraction and the second index ofrefraction results in the energy being spatially localized in the transverse orientation and greater than about 50 �''o of the energy propagating from the first surface to the second e.

In one embodiment, a systern may e Transverse Anderson Localization energy relays 'vvith engineered structures incorporating the devices and relay ts described .

These and other advantages of the present disclosure will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed ption and the appended claims.

BRIE:F DESCIUPTION OF THE DRAWINGS is a schematic diagram illustrating design pararneters for an energy directing system; is a schematic diagram illustrating an energy system having an active device area with a mechanical envelope; is a schematic m illustrating an energy relay system; FIG-. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating an embodiment of energy relay elements adhered together and fastened to a base structure; FIG. SA is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a relayed image through multi-core optical fibers; FIG. SB is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a relayed image h an optical relay that exhibits the properties of the Transverse Anderson Localization principle; is a schematic diagram shmving rays propagated from an energy surface to a ; A illustrates a cutaway view ofa flexible energy relay which achieves Transverse Anderson Localization by intermixing two component mate1ials within an oil or liquid, in accordance with one embodiment of the present sure; illustrates a cutaway view of a rigid energy relay which achieves Transverse Anderson Localization by intennixing two component als within a bonding agent, and in doing so, achieves a path ofminimum variation in one direction for one critical material ty, m accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure; illustrates a cutaway view in the transverse plane the inclusion of a DEMA (dimensional extra mural absorption) material in the longitudinal direction designed to absorb energy, in accordance with one embodiment ofthe present disclosure; illustrates a method to ix one or more component materials within a two-part system, in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure; FIG-. 10 illustrates an entation of a process where a mixture of component materials and UV sensitive bonding agents are intermixed er and form transversely disordered and longitudinally ordered threads of material, in accordance with one ment of the present disclosure; FIG. llA illustrates a top view and a side view of a ly symmetric energy relay building block with t\vo alternating component materials, in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure; B illustrates a side view of a region 'vvithin a biaxially ned material filled with two component materials that are spherical in shape before tension e and elongated in shape after tension release, a process which preserves the overall ordering of the materials. illustrates a perspective view of a relay formed with multiple component als implemented such that there is an input ray and an output ray that alters as a function of the property of each of the materials contained within the energy relay, in accordance with one ment of the present disclosure; illustrates perspective views of a process that generates an energy relay by starting with sheets of aligned component materials, using two sheets each with one type of material or one sheet with two types of component materials, and then using these sheets as building blocks to roll together into a spiral structure, forming an energy relay, in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure; and illustrates perspective views ofa repeating n of20 component materials each with one or more EPs with a thickness that may or may not be the same per sheet spiraled into an energy relay structure there is an input ray angle and an output ray angle that is a result of the differing EP of each region of al, in accordance with one embodiment of the present sure.

IlETAILEn DESCRIPTION An embodiment of a Holodeck (collectively called "Holodeck Design Parameters") provide ient energy stimulus to fool the human sensory receptors into believing that received energy impulses within a virtual, social and interactive environment are real, providing: 1) lar disparity without external accessories, head-mounted eyewear, or other peripherals; 2) accurate motion parallax, occlusion and opacity hout a viewin° volume simultaneouslv for anv number of viewers· 3) visual focusb b .; .; , h synchronous convergence, accommodation and miosis of the eye for all perceived rays of light; and 4) ging energy wave propagation of sufficient density and resolution to exceed the human sensory "resolution" for vision, hearing, touch, taste, smell, and/or balance.

Based upon conventional technology to date, we are decades, if not ies away from a technology capable of providing for all receptive fields in a compelling way as ted by the ck Design Parameters including the visual, auditory, somatosensory, gustatory, olfactory, and vestibular systems.

In this disclosure, the terms light field and holographic may be used interchangeably to define the energy propagation for stimulation of any sensory receptor response. ·while initial disclosures may refer to examples of electromagnetic and rnechanical energy propagation through energy surfaces for holographic imagery and volumetric haptics, ail forms of sensory receptors are envisioned in this sure.

Furthermore, the principles disclosed herein for energy propagation along propagation paths may be applicable to both energy emission and energy capture.

Many technologies exist today that are often unfortunately confused with holograms including lenticular printing, Pepper's Ghost, glasses-free scopic displays, horizontal ax displays, head-mounted VR and AR displays (HNID), and other such illusions generalized as "fauxlography.'' These technologies may exhibit some of the desired properties of a true aphic display, hmvever, lack the y to stimulate the human visual sensory response in any way sufficient to address at least two of the four identified Holodeck Design Parameters.

These challenges have not been successfully implemented by conventional technology to produce a seamless energy surface sufficient for holographic energy propagation. There are various approaches to implementing tric and direction multiplexed light field displays including ax barriers, hoge!s, voxels, ditTractive optics, view projection, holographic diffusers, rotational mirrors, multilayered displays, time sequential displays, head mounted display, etc., however, conventional ches may involve a compromise on image quality, resolution, angular sampling density, size, cost, safety, frame rate, etc , ultimately resulting in an unviable technology.

To achieve the Holodeck Design Parameters for the visual, auditory, somatosensory systems, the human acuity ofeach of the respective systems is studied and tood to propagate energy waves to sufficiently fool the human sensory receptors.

The visual system is capable of resolving to approximately l arc rnin, the auditory system may distinguish the difference in placement as little as three degrees, and the sornatosensory system at the hands are capable erning points ted by 2 - 12mm.

While there are various and conflicting ways to measure these acuities, these values are sufficient to understand the systems and methods to stimulate perception of energy propagation.

Of the noted sensory receptors, the human visual system is by far the most sensitive given that even a single photon can induce sensation. For this reason, much of this introduction will focus on visual energy wave propagation, and vastly lower resolution energy systems coupled within a disclosed energy waveguide surface may converge appropriate signals to induce holographic sensory perception. Unless otherwise noted, all disclosures apply to all energy and sensory domains.

\Vhen ating for effective design parameters ofthe energy propagation for the visual system given a viewing volume and viewing distance, a desired energy surface may be designed to include many gigapixels of effective energy location density.

For wide viewing volumes, or near field viewing, the design parameters ofa desired energy surface may e ds of xe!s or more of effective energy location density.

By comparison, a desired energy source may be designed to have 1 to 250 effective rnegapixels of energy location density for ultrasonic propagation of tric haptics or an array of 36 to 3,600 effective energy locations for ic propagation of holographic sound depending on input environmental variables. What is important to note is that with a disclosed ectional energy surface architecture, all components may be configured to form the appropriate structures for any energy domain to enable holographic propagation.

However, the main challenge to enable the Holodeck today involves available visual technologies and electromagnetic device limitations. Acoustic and ultrasonic devices are less challenging given the orders of magnitude difference in desired density based upon sensory acuity inthe respective receptive field, although the complexity should not be underestimated. While holographic emulsion exists with resolutions exceeding the desired density to encode interference patterns in static imagery, state-ofthe-art display devices are limited by tion, data throughput and manufacturing feasibility. To date, no singular y device has been able to meaningfully produce a light field having near holographic tion for visual acuity.

Production of a single silicon-based device capable of meeting the desired resolution for a compelling light field display may not cal and may involve extrernely complex fabrication processes beyond the current manufacturing capabilities. The limitation to tiling multiple existing y devices together involves the seams and gap formed by the physical size of packaging, onics, enclosure, optics and a number of other challenges that inevitably result in an unviable technology from an imaging, cost and/or a size standpoint.

The embodiments sed herein may provide a real-world path to building the Holodeck.

Example embodiments will now be described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and which illustrate exarnple embodiments which may be practiced. As used in the disclosures and the appended claims, the terms "embodiment", "example embodiment", and "exemplary embodiment" do not necessarily refer to a single embodiment, although they may, and various example embodimentsmaybe readily combined and interchanged, without departing from the scope or spirit of e embodiments. Furthermore, the terminology as used herein is for the e of describing example embodiments only and is not intended to be limitations. In this respect, as used herein, the tenn "in" may include "in" and "on", and the terms "a," ''an" and "the" may include singular and plural references. rmore, as used herein, the term "by'' may also mean "from'', depending on the context. Furthermore, as used herein, the term "ir' may also mean "when" or "upon," ing on the context.

Furthermore, as used herein, the words "and/or'' may refer to and encompass any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

Holographic Svstem Considerations: Overview of Light Field Energy Propagation Resolution Light field and holographic display is the result of a plurality of projections where energy surface locations e r, color and intensity information propagated within a viewing volume. The disclosed energy surface provides opportunities for additional information to coexist and propagate through the same surface to induce other sensory system responses. Unlike a stereoscopic display, the viewed position of the converged energy propagation paths in space do not vary as the viewer moves around the viewing volume and any number of viewers may simultaneously see ated objects in real-'vvorid space as if it was truly there. In some ments, the propagation of energy may be d in the same energy propagation path but in opposite directions. For example, energy emission and energy capture along an energy propagation path are both possible in some ments of the present disclosed. is a schematic diagram illustrating variables relevant for stimulation of sensory receptor response. These variables may include surface diagonal 10 l, surface width 102, surface height 103, a detennined target seating distance 118, the target seating field of view field of view from the center of the display 104, the number of intermediate samples demonstrated here as samples between the eyes 105, the average adult inter-ocular separation 106, the average resolution of the human eye in arcmin l 07, the horizontal field of view formed between the target viewer location and the surface width l08, the vertical field of view formed n the target viewer location and the surface height 109, the resultant h01izontal waveguide t tion, or total number of elements, across the surface l l 0, the resultant vertical waveguide t resolution, or total number of elements, across the surface 111, the sample distance based upon the inter-ocular spacing between the eyes and the number of intermediate samples for angular projection n the eyes 112, the angular sampling may be based upon the sample distance and the target seating distance 113, the total resolution Horizontal per waveguide element derived from the angular sampling desired 114, the total resolution Vertical per waveguide element derived from the angular sampling desired 115, device ntal is the count of the detem1ined number ofdiscreet energy sources desired 116, and device Vertical is the count of the detennined number of discreet energy sources desired 117.

A method to understand the desired minimum resolution may be based upon the following criteria to ensure sufficient stimulation of visual (or other) sensory receptor response: e size (e.g., 84" diagonal), e aspect ratio (e.g., 16:9), seating distance (e.g., 128" from the y), seating field of view (e.g., 120 degrees or+/- 60 degrees about the center of the display), desired intermediate samples at a distance (e.g., one additional propagation path between the eyes), the average inter-ocular separation of an adult (approximately 65rnm), and the average tion of the human eye (approxirnately 1 arcmin). These example values should be considered placeholders depending on the specific application design ters.

Further, each ofthe values attributed to the visual sensory receptors may be replaced with other systems to determine desired propagation path parameters. For other energy propagation embodiments, one may consider the auditory 's angular sensitivity as low as three degrees, and the somatosensory system's spatial resolution of the hands as smail as 2 - 12mm.

\Vhile there are s and cting ways to measure these y acuities, these values are ient to understand the systems and methods to stinmlate perception of virtual energy propagation. There are many ways to consider the design resolution, and the below proposed methodology combines tic product considerations with the biological resolving limits of the sensory systems. As will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art, the following overview is a simplification of any such system design, and should be considered for exemplary purposes only.

With the resolution limit ofthe y system understood, the total energy waveguide element density may be calculated such that the receiving sensory system cannot discern a single energy waveguide element from an nt element, given: • Surface Aspect Ratw. . = Width (W). .

Height (H) • Surface Horizontal Size =Surface Diagonal* ( , 1 /( ,H .. z ,/ 1+ lwJ • Surface Vertical Size = Surface Diagonal* ( 1 1 ) '( .W)" ./ l+(H� "' SurfaceHorizontalSize • 1 onzon alf . t z1�· ld· ie . ·i 1.ew = 2 * a .ant ( ) 2 *Seating Distance , · • Ver ica t. face Verticle l [" ld1" 1.e of -17•v zew = - * a an 7. t ( Sur _ Size ) 2 * Seating ce Horizontal Element Resolution = Horizontal FoV * 60 Eye Resolution Vertical Element Resolution= Vertical FoV * ----­60 Eye Resolution The above calculations result in approximately a 32xl8° field of view resulting rn approximately l920xl080 (rounded to nearest format) energy waveguide elements being desired. One may also constrain the variables such that the field of view is consistent for both (u, v) to provide a more r spatial sampling of energy locations (e.g. pixel aspect ratio). The angular ng of the system assumes a defined target viewing volume location and additional propagated energy paths between two points at the optimized distance, given: Inter-Ocular Distance • S le D. - --------------- istance = (Number of Desired lntennediateSamples+1) • Sample Distance Angu ar � amp mg = atan ---"-----l S, z · ( ing Distance) In this case, the inter-ocular distance is leveraged to calculate the sample distance although any metiic may be leveraged to t for appropriate number of samples as a given distance. With the above variables considered, approximately one ray per 0.57° may be desired and the total system tion per independent y system may be ined, given: _ • _ � , Seating FoV Locatwns Per 1:lement(N) = -----­ r Sampling Total Resolution H = N * Horizontal Element Resolution Total Resolution V = N * Vertical Element Resolution With the above scenario given the size of energy surface and the angular resolution addressed for the visual acuity system, the resultant energy surface may desirably e approximately 400k x 225k pixels of energy resolution ons, or 90 xels holographic propagation density. These variables provided are for exemplary purposes only and many other sensory and energy ogy considerations should be considered for the optimization of holographic propagation of . In an additional embodiment, 1 gigapixel of energy resolution locations may be desired based upon the input variables. In an additional ment, l ,000 gigapixels of energy resolution locations may be desired based upon the input variables.

Current Technology Limitations: Active Area, Device Electronics, Packaging, and the Mechanical pe illustrates a device 200 having an active area 220 with a certain rnechanical form factor. The device 200 may include drivers 230 and electronics 240 for powering and interface to the active area 220, the active area having a dimension as shown by the x and y arrnws. This device 200 does not take into account the cabling and mechanical structures to drive, power and cool components, and the mechanical footprint may be further minimized by introducing a flex cable into the device 200. The minimum footprint for such a device 200 may also be referred to as a mechanical envelope 210 having a dimension as shown by the M:x and M:y arrows. This device 200 is for illustration purposes only and custom electronics s may further decrease the mechanical envelope overhead, but in almost all cases may not be the exact size of the active area of the device. In an embodirnent, this device 200 illustrates the dependency of electronics as it relates to active image area 220 for a micro OLED, DLP chip or LCD panel, or any other logy \vith the purpose of image illmnination.

In some embodiments, it may also be possible to consider other projection technologies to aggregate multiple images onto a larger overall display. However, this may come at the cost of greater complexity for throw distance, minimum focus, optical quality, uniform field resolution, chromatic aberration, thermal ties, calibration, ent, additional size or form factor. For most practical applications, hosting tens or hundreds of these projection s 200 may result in a design that is much larger with less reliability.

For exemplary purposes only, assumrng energy devices with an energy location density of 3840 x 2160 sites, one may determine the number of individual energy devices (e.g., device 100) desired for an energy surface, given: . Total Resolution H • Demces H = ------­ Device Resolution H • Devices. V = ------­Total Resoiution V Device Resolution V Given the above tion considerations, approximately 105 x 105 devices similar to those shown in may be desired. It should be noted that many devices consist ous pixel structures that may or may not map to a r grid. In the event that there are additional sub-pixels or locations within each full pixel, these may be exploited to generate additional resolution or angular density. Additional signal processing may be used to determine how to convert the light field into the correct (u,v) coordinates ing on the specified location of the pixel stmcture(s) and can be an explicit characteristic of each device that is known and calibrated. Further, other energy s may involve a different handling of these ratios and device structures, and those d in the art will understand the direct intrinsic relationship between each of the desired frequency domains. This will be shown and discussed in more detail in subsequent disclosure.

The resulting calculation may be used to understand how many of these individual devices may be desired to produce a full tion energy surface. In this case, approximately 105 x 105 or approximately 11,080 devices may be d to achieve the visual acuity threshold. The challenge and novelty exists within the fabrication of a seamless energy surface from these available energy locations for sufficient sensory holographic propagation.

Summary of Seamless Energv Surfaces: Configurations and Designs for Arravs of Energy Relavs In some embodiments, approaches are disclosed to address the challenge of generating high energy location density from an array of individual devices t seams due to the limitation of mechanical structure for the s. In an embodiment, an energy propagating relay system may allow for an increase the effective size of the active device area to meet or exceed the ical dimensions to configure an array ofrelays and form a singular seamless energy surface.

FIG-. 3 illustrates an embodiment of such an energy reiay system 300. As shown, the relay system 300 may include a device 310 mounted to a mechanical pe 320, \vith an energy relay element 330 ating energy from the device 310. The relay element 330 may be configured to provide the ability to mitigate any gaps 340 that may be produced when multiple mechanical envelopes 320 of the device are placed into an army of multiple devices 310.

For example, if a device's active area 310 is 20mm x 10mm and the mechanical envelope 320 is 40mm x 20mm, an energy relay element .DO may be designed with a ication of2:1 to produce a tapered form that is approximately 20mm x 10mm on a minified end (arrmv A) and 40mm x 20mm on a magnified end (arrow B), providing the y to align an array of these elements 330 together seamlessly out altering or colliding with the mechanical pe 320 of each device 310. Mechanically, the relay elements 330 may be bonded or fused together to align and polish ensuring minimal seam gap 340 between devices 310. In one such embodiment, it is possible to achieve a seam gap 340 smaller than the visual acuity limit of the eye. illustrates an example of a base structure 400 having energy relay elements 410 formed together and securely fastened to an additional mechanical ure 430. The mechanical structure of the seamless energy surface 420 provides the ability to couple nmltiple energy relay elements 410, 450 in series to the sarne base structure through bonding or other mechanical processes to mount relay elements 410, 450. In some embodiments, each relay t 410 may be fused, bonded, adhered, pressure fit, aligned or otherwise attached together to form the resultant seamless energy surface 420. In some embodiments, a device 480 may be mounted to the rear of the relay element 410 and aligned passively or actively to ensure appropriate energy location alignment within the ined tolerance is maintained.

In an embodiment, the seamless energy surface comprises one or more energy locations and one or more energy relay element stacks comprise a first and second side and each energy relay t stack is ed to form a singular seamless display surface directing energy along propagation paths extending bet\veen one or more energy locations and the seamless display surface, and where the separation between the edges of any two adjacent second sides of the terminal energy relay ts is less than the minimum perceptible contour as defined by the visual acuity ofa human eye having better than 20/40 vision at a distance greater than the width of the singular seamless display surface.

In an embodiment, each of the seamless energy surfaces comprise one or rnore energy relay elements each with one or more structures g a first and second surface with a transverse and longitudinal orientation. The first relay surface has an area different than the second resulting in positive or negative magnification and configured with explicit surface rs for both the first and second surfaces passing energy through the second relay surface to substantially fill a+/-l0-degree angle with respect to the normal ofthe surface contour across the entire second relay surface.

In an embodiment, le energy domains may be configured within a single, or between multiple energy relays to direct one or more sensory holographic energy propagation paths including visual, acoustic, tactile or other energy domains.

In an embodiment, the seamless energy e is ured with energy relays that comprise two or more first sides for each second side to both receive and emit one or more energy domains simultaneously to provide bi-directional energy ation hout the system.

In an embodiment, the energy relays are provided as loose coherent Introduction to Component Engineered Structures: Disclosed Advances in Transverse Anderson Localization Energy Relavs The properties of energy relays may be significantly optimized ing to the principles disclosed herein for energy relay elements that induce Transverse Anderson Localization. Transverse Anderson Localization is the propagation of a ray transported through a transversely ered but longitudinally consistent material.

This implies that the effect of the materials that produce the Anderson Localization phenomena may be less impacted by total internal reflection than by the randomization between multiple-scattering paths where wave interference can completely limit the propagation in the transverse orientation while continuing in the longitudinal orientation.

Of significant additional benefit is the elimination of the ng of traditional multi-core l fiber materials. The cladding is to functionally eliminate the scatter of energy between fibers, but simultaneously act as a barrier to rays of energy thereby reducing transmission by at least the core to clad ratio (e.g., a core to clad ratio of 70:30 \Vill transmit at best 70(;.,o of ed energy transmission) and additionally fom1s a strong pixelated patterning in the propagated energy. rates an end view of an example of one such non-Anderson Localization energy relay 500, wherein an image is relayed through multi-core optical fibers where pixilation and fiber noise may be exhibited due to the intrinsic properties of the optical fibers. \.Vith ional multi-rnode and multi-core optical fibers, relayed images may be intrinsically pixelated due to the ties oftotal internal reflection ofthe discrete array of cores where any cross-talk between cores will reduce the modulation transfer function and increase blurring. The resulting imagery produced with traditional multi-core l fiber tends to have a residual fixed noise fiber pattern similar to those shown in FIG.

FIG. SB, illustrates an example of the same relayed image 550 through an energy relay comprising materials that exhibit the properties of Transverse Anderson Localization, where the relayed pattern has a greater density grain structures as compared to the fixed fiber n from FIG. SA. In an embodiment, relays comprising randomized microscopic component engineered structures induce erse Anderson Localization and transport light more efficiently with higher propagation of resolvable resolution than commercially available multi-mode glass optical fibers.

There is significant advantage to the Transverse on Localization material properties in terms of both cost and weight, where a similar optical grade glass material, may cost and weigh upwards of 10 to 100-fold more than the cost for the same material generated within an ment, wherein disclosed systems and methods comprise randomized copic component engineered structures trating significant opportunities to improve both cost and quality over other technologies known in the art.

In an embodiment, a relay element exhibiting Transverse on Localization may comprise a ity of at least two different component engineered structures in each of three orthogonal planes arranged in a ional lattice and the plurality of structures form ized distributions of material wave propagation properties in a transverse plane within the dimensional lattice and channels of similar values of material wave propagation properties in a longitudinal plane within the dimensional lattice, wherein energy waves propagating through the energy relay have higher transport efficiency in the longitudinal orientation versus the transverse orientation and are spatially localized in the transverse 01ientation.

In an embodiment, multiple energy domains may be configured within a single, or between multiple Transverse Anderson Localization energy relays to direct one or more sensory holographic energy propagation paths including visual, acoustic, tactile or other energy domains.

In an ernbodiment, the seamless energy e is ured with Transverse Anderson Localization energy relays that comprise two or more first sides for each second side to both receive and emit one or more energy domains simultaneously to e ectional energy propagation throughout the system.

In an embodiment' the Transverse Anderson Localization ener0v relavs areb.; .; configured as loose coherent or flexible energy relay elements.

Considerations for 4D tic Functions: Selective ation of Energy through Holographic Waveguide Arrays As discussed above and herein throughout, a light field display system generally includes an energy source (e.g., illumination source) and a seamless energy surface configured with ient energy location density as articulated in the above discussion. A plurality of relay elements may be used to relay energy from the energy devices to the ss energy surface. Once energy has been delivered to the seamless energy surface with the ite energy location density, the energy can be propagated in accordance with a 4D plenoptic function through a disclosed energy waveguide system. As will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art, a 4D plenoptic function is well known in the art and will not be elaborated further herein.

The energy waveguide system selectively propagates energy through a ity of energy locations along the seamless energy surface representing the spatial nate of the 4D plenoptic function with a structure configured to alter an r ion of the energy waves passing through representing the angular component of the 4D plenoptic function, wherein the energy waves propagated may converge in space in accordance with a plurality of propagation paths directed by the 4D plenoptic on.

Reference is now made to illustrating an example of light field energy surface in 4D image space in accordance with a 4D plenoptic function. The figure shows ray traces of an energy surface 600 to a viewer 620 in describing how the rays of energy converge in space 630 from various positions within the viewing volume. As shown, each waveguide element 610 defines four ions of information describing energy propagation 640 through the energy surface 600. Two l ions (herein refoITed to as x and y) are the al plurality of energy locations that can be viewed in image space, and the angular ents theta and phi (herein referred to as u and v), which is viewed in virtual space when projected through the energy waveguide array. In general, and in accordance with a 4D plenoptic function, the plurality ofwaveguides (e.g., ts) are able to direct an energy location from the x, y dimension to a unique location in virtual space, along a direction defined by the u, v angular component, in forming the holographic or light field system described herein.

However, one skilled in the art will understand that a significant challenge to light field and holographic display technologies arises from uncontrolled propagation of energy due designs that have not accurately accounted for any of diffraction, scatter, diffusion, angular direction, calibration, focus, collimation, curvature, unifom1ity, elernent cross-talk, as well as a multitude of other parameters that contribute to decreased effective tion as well as an inability to accurately converge energy with sufficient fidelity. [0010 0] In an ment, an approach to selective energy propagation for addressing challenges associated with holographic display may include energy inhibiting elements and substantially filling waveguide apertures with ollimated energy into an environment defined by a 4D plenoptic function.

In an embodiment, an array of energy ides may define a plurality of energy propagation paths for each 'vvaveguide element configured to extend through and substantially fill the waveguide element's effective aperture in unique directions defined by a prescribed 4D function to a plurality of energy locations along a seamless energy surface inhibited by one or more elements positioned to limit propagation of each energy location to only pass through a single 'vvaveguide element.

In an ment, le energy dornains may be configured within a single, or between multiple energy waveguides to direct one or more sensory holographic energy propagations including visual, acoustic, tactile or other energy domains.

[O(H03] In an embodiment, the energy waveguides and seamless energy surface are configured to both receive and emit one or more energy domains to provide bi-directional energy propagation throughout the system.

In an embodiment, the energy waveguides are configured to propagate nonlinear or non-regular butions of energy, ing non-transmitting void regions, leveraging digitally encoded, ditTractive, refractive, reflective, grin, holographic, l, or the like waveguide configurations for any searnless energy surface orientation including wail, table, floor, ceiling, room, or other geometry based environments. In an additional embodiment, an energy waveguide t may be configured to produce various geometries that provide any surface profile and/or tabletop viewing ailowing users to view holographic imagery from all around the energy surface in a 360-degree uration.

In an embodiment, the energy waveguide array elements may be reflective es and the arrangement of the ts may be hexagonal, square, irregular, semiregular , , non-planar, spherical, cylindrical, tilted regular, tilted irregular, spatially varying and/or multi-layered.

] For any component within the seamless energy surface, waveguide, or relay components may include, but not d to, optical fiber, silicon, glass, polymer, optical relays, diffractive, holographic, refractive, or reflective elements, optical face plates, energy combiners, beam splitters, prisms, polarization elements, spatial light tors, active pixels, liquid l cells, transparent displays, or any similar materials exhibiting Anderson localization or total internal reflection. ing the Holodeck: Aggregation of Bi-directional Seamless Energy Surface Svstems To Stimulate Human Sensorv Receptors ·within Holographic Environments [O(H07] It is possible to constmct large-scale environments of seamless energy surface systems by tiling, fusing, bonding, attaching, and/or stitching multiple seamless energy surfaces together forming arbitrary sizes, , contours or form-factors including entire rooms. Each energy surface system may comprise an assembly having a base structure, energy surface, relays, \vaveguide, devices, and electronics, collectively configured for bi-directional holographic energy propagation, emission, reflection, or sensmg.

In an embodiment, an environment of tiled seamless energy systems are aggregated to form large seamless planar or curved walls ing installations comprising up to all surfaces in a given environment, and configured as any combination of seamless, discontinuous , faceted, curved, cylindrical, spherical, geometric, or non-regular geometries.

] In an embodiment, aggregated tiles of planar surfaces form wall-sized systems for theatrical or venue-based holographic entertainment. In an ment, aggregated tiles of planar surfaces cover a room with four to six walls ing both ceiling and floor for cave-based holographic lations. In an embodiment, aggregated tiles of curved surfaces produce a cylindrical seamless environment for immersive aphic installations. In an embodiment, aggregated tiles of seamless spherical es form a holographic dome for immersive Holodeck-based experiences. [0011O] In an embodiment, aggregates tiles of seamless curved energy ides provide mechanical edges following the precise pattern along the boundary of energy inhibiting elements within the energy waveguide structure to bond, align, or fuse the adjacent tiled mechanical edges of the nt waveguide surfaces, resulting in a modular and seamless energy waveguide system.

In a r embodiment of an aggregated tiled environment, energy 1s propagated ectionally for multiple simultaneous energy domains. In an onal embodiment, the energy surface provides the ability to both display and capture simultaneously from the same energy e \vith waveguides designed such that light field data may be projected by an illumination source through the waveguide and simultaneously received through the same energy surface. In an additional embodiment, additional depth sensing and active scanning technologies may be leveraged to allow for the interaction between the energy propagation and the viewer in correct world nates.

In an additional embodiment, the energy surface and 'vvaveguide are operable to emit, reflect or converge frequencies to induce tactile sensation or volumetric haptic ck.

In some embodiments, any combination of bi-directional energy propagation and aggregated surfaces are possible.

] In an embodiment, the system comprises an energy waveguide capable of ectional emission and sensing of energy through the energy surface with one or more energy devices independently paired with two-or-more-path energy combiners to pair at least two energy devices to the same portion ofthe seamless energy e, or one or more energy s are secured behind the energy surface, proximate to an additional component secured to the base structure, or to a location in front and outside of the :FOV of the waveguide for off-axis direct or reflective projection or sensing, and the resulting energy surface provides for bi-directional transmission of energy allowing the waveguide to ge energy, a first device to emit energy and a second device to sense energy, and where the information is processed to perform computer vision related tasks including, but not limited to, 4D plenoptic eye and l tracking or sensing of interference within propagated energy patterns, depth estimation, proximity, motion tracking, image, color, or sound formation, or other energy frequency analysis. In an additional embodiment, the tracked positions actively calculate and modify positions of energy based upon the interference n the bi-directional captured data and projection information.

[OOH3] In some embodiments, a plurality of combinations of three energy devices compnsmg an ultrasonic sensor, a visible electromagnetic display, and an onic ng device are configured together for each of three first relay surfaces propagating energy combined into a single second energy relay surface with each of the three first surfaces comprising engineered properties specific to each device's energy domain, and two engineered waveguide elements configured for onic and omagnetic energy respectively to provide the ability to direct and converge each device's energy independently and ntially unaffected by the other waveguide elements that are configured for a separate energy domain.

In some embodiments, disclosed is a calibration procedure to enable efficient manufacturing to remove system artifacts and produce a geometric mapping of the resultant energy surface for use with encoding/decoding technologies as well as dedicated integrated s for the conversion of data into calibrated information appropriate for energy propagation based upon the calibrated configuration files.

[OOHS] In some embodiments, additional energy ides in series and one or rnore energy devices may be integrated into a system to produce opaque holographic pixels.

In some embodiments, additional waveguide elements may be ated comprising energy inhibiting elements, beam-splitters, prisms, active ax barriers or polarization technologies in order to provide l and/or angular resolutions greater than the diameter ofthe ide or for other super-resolution purposes.

In some embodiments, the disclosed energy system may also be configured as a wearable bi-directional device, such as virtual reality (VR) or augmented reality (AR).

In other ernbodirnents, the energy system may include adjustment l t(s) that cause the displayed or ed energy to be focused proximate to a determined plane in space for a viewer. In some embodiments, the waveguide array may be incorporated to holographic head-mounted-display. In other embodiments, the system may include multiple optical paths to allow for the viewer to see both the energy system and a realworld environment (e.g., transparent holographic display). In these instances, the system may be presented as near field in addition to other methods.

In some ments, the transmission of data compnses encoding ses with selectable or variable compression ratios that receive an arbitrary dataset of information and metadata; analyze said dataset and receive or assign material properties, vectors, surface IDs, nevv pixel data forming a more sparse dataset, and 'vvherein the received data may se: 2D, stereoscopic, multi-view, metadata, light field, holographic, geometry, vectors or ized metadata, and an encoder/decoder may provide the ability to convert the data in ime or off-line comprising image processing for: 2D; 2D plus depth, metadata or other vectorized information; stereoscopic, stereoscopic plus depth, metadata or other vectorized ation; multi-view; multi-vievv plus depth, metadata or other vectorized information; holographic; or light field content; h depth estimation algorithms, with or without depth metadata; and an inverse ray tracing methodology appropriately maps the resulting converted data produced by inverse ray tracing from the various 2D, stereoscopic, multi-view, volumetric, light field or holographic data into real world coordinates through a characterized 4D tic function.

In these embodiments, the total data transmission desired may be multiple orders of magnitudes less transrnitted information than the raw· light field dataset.

System and Methods for Production of Transverse Anderson Localization Energy Relays [0(H 19] While the Anderson localization principle was introduced in the 1950s, it wasn't until recent technological breakthroughs in materials and processes that allowed the principle to be explored practically in l transport. Transverse Anderson localization is the propagation of a wave transported through a transversely ered but longitudinally invariant material without diffusion of the wave in the transverse plane.

Within the prior art, Transverse Anderson localization has been ed through experimentation in which a fiber optic face plate is fabricated through drawing millions of individual strands of fiber 'vvith different refractive index (RI) that were mixed randomly and fused together. \,Vhen an input beam is scanned across one ofthe surfaces of the face plate, the output beam on the opposite e follows the transverse position of the input beam. Since Anderson localization exhibits in disordered mediums an absence of ion of waves, some of the fundamental physics are different when compared to ordered l fiber relays. This implies that the effect of the optical fibers that e the Anderson localization phenomena are less ed by total al reflection than by the randomization of n multiple-scattering paths where wave interference can completely limit the propagation in the transverse orientation while continuing in the udinal path.

In an embodiment, it may be possible for Transverse Anderson Localization materials to transport light as well as, or better than, the highest quality commercially available multimode glass image fibers with a higher MTF. \Vith multimode and multicore optical fibers, the relayed images are intrinsically pixelated due to the properties of total al reflection of the te array of cores where any cross-talk between cores will reduce MTF and increase blurring. The resulting imagery produced \vith multicore optical fiber tends to have a residua! fixed noise fiber pattern, as rated in . By contrast, FIG-. SB illustrates the same relayed image through an example material sample that exhibits the properties of the erse Anderson Localization principle where the noise pattern appears much more like a grain structure than a fixed fiber pattern.

Another advantage to optical relays that exhibit the on localization phenomena is that it they can be fabricated frorn a polymer material, resulting in d cost and weight. A similar optical grade material, generally made of glass or other similar rnaterials, rnay cost ten to a hundred (or rnore) tiines more than the cost of the same dimension of material generated with polymers. Further, the weight of the polymer relay optics can be 10-l00x less given that up to a majority of the density of the mate1ial is air and other light weight plastics. For the avoidance of doubt, any material that exhibits the Anderson localization property may be included in this disclosure herein, even if it does not meet the above cost and weight suggestions. As one skilled in the art will tand that the above suggestion is a single embodiment that lends itself to significant commercial viabilities that similar glass products exclude. Of additional benefit is that for Transverse Anderson zation to work, optical fiber cladding may not be needed, which for traditional multi core fiberoptics is required to prevent the scatter of light between fibers, but simultaneously blocks a portion of the rays of light and thus reduces transmission by at least the core to clad ratio (e.g. a core to clad ratio of 70:30 will transmit at best 70% of received illumination).

Another benefit is the ability to produce many smaller parts that can be bonded or fused \vithout seams as the material fundamentally has no edges in the traditional sense and the merger of any two pieces is nearly the same as generating the component as a singular piece depending on the process to merge the two or more pieces together. For large scale ations, this is a significant t for the ability to manufacturer t massive tructu re or g costs, and it provides the ability to generate single pieces of material that would ise be impossible with other methods. ional plastic optical fibers have some of these benefits but due to the cladding, generally still involve a seam line of some distances.

The present disclosure includes s of manufacturing materials exhibiting the Transverse Anderson Localization phenornena. A process is proposed to construct relays of omagnetic energy, acoustic energy, or other types of energy using building blocks that consist of one or more component engineered structures (CES). The term CES refers to a ng block component with ic engineered iies (EP) that include, but are not d to, material type, size, shape, refractive index, -ofmass , charge, weight, absorption, ic moment, among other properties. The size scale of the CES may be on the order of wavelength of the energy wave being relayed, and can vary across the mi!li-scale, the micro-scale, or the nano-scale. The other EP's are also highly ent on the \vavelength of the energy wave.

Transverse on Localization is a general wave phenomenon that applies to the transport of electromagnetic waves, acoustic waves, quantum waves, energy waves, among others. The one or more building block strnctures required to form an energy wave relay that exhibits Transverse Anderson zation each have a size that is on the order of the coITesponding wavelength. Another critical parameter for the building blocks is the speed of the energy wave in the materials used for those building blocks, which es refractive index for electromagnetic waves, and ic impedance for acoustic waves. For example, the ng block sizes and refractive indices can vary to accommodate any frequency in the electromagnetic spectrum, from X-rays to radio waves.

For this reason, discussions in this disclosure about optical relays can be generalized to not only the full electromagnetic spectrum, but to acoustical energy and other types of energy. For this reason, the use of the terms energy source, energy surface, and energy relay will be used often, even if the discussion is focused on one particular form of energy such as the visible electromagnetic spectrum.

For the avoidance of doubt, the material quantities, process, types, refractive index, and the like are rnerely exernplary and any optical material that exhibits the Anderson localization property is included herein. Further, any use of disordered materials and processes is included herein.

It should be noted that the principles of optical design noted in this disclosure apply generally to all forms of energy relays, and the design implementations chosen for specific products, markets, form factors, mounting, etc. may or may not need to address these geometries but for the purposes of simplicity, any approach disclosed is inclusive of all potential energy relay materials.

In one embodiment, for the relay of visible electromagnetic energy, the size ofthe CES should be on the order of l micron. The materials used for the CES can be any optical material that exhibits the optical qualities desired to include, but not d to, glass, plastic, resin and the like. The index of refraction of the materials are higher than l, and if t\vo CES types are chosen, the difference in tive index becomes a key design parameter. The aspect ratio of the rnateri.al may be chosen to be ted, in order to assist wave propagation in a longitudinal direction.

The formation of a CES may be eted as a destmctive process that takes formed materials and cuts the pieces into a desired shaped formation or any other method known in the art, or additive, where the CES may be grown, printed, fom1ed, melted, or produced in any other method known in the art Additive and destructive processes may be combined for further control over fabrication. These pieces are now constructed to a ied structure size and shape.

] In one embodiment, for electromagnetic energy relays, it may be possible to use optical grade bonding agents, epoxies, or other known optical materials that may start as a liquid and form an optical grade solid structure through various means including but not limited to UV, heat, time, among other processing parameters. In another embodiment, the bonding agent is not cured or is made of index matching oils for flexible applications. Bonding agent may be applied to solid structures and non-curing oils or optical liquids. These materials may exhibit n tive index (RI) properties. The bonding agent needs to match the RI of either CES material type 1 or CES material type 2.

In one embodiment, the RI ofthis optical bonding agent is 1.59, the sarne as PS. In a second ment, the RI of this optical bonding agent is 1.49, the same as PwrMA.

In one embodiment, for energy waves, the bonding agent may be mixed into a blend of CES material type l and CES material type 2 in order to ively cancel out the RI of the material that the bonding agent RI matches. For exemplary purposes only, if CES types PS and PMMA are used, and PS matches the RI of the bonding agent, the result is that PS now acts as a spacer to ensure randomness n PMMA and the bonding agent. Without the presence of the PS, it may be possible that there will not be sufficient randomization between Pl\'1:MA and the RI of bonding agent. The bonding agent may be thoroughly intennixed such that no regions are unsaturated which may require a certain amount oftime for saturation and desired viscous properties. Additional constant agitation may be implemented to ensure the appropriate mixture of the materials to ract any tion that may occur due to various ies of materials or other material properties.

It may be required to perform this process in a vacuum or in a chamber to evacuate any air bubbles that may form. An onal methodology may be to introduce vibration during the curing s.

An alternate method provides for three or more CES with additional fom1 characteristics and EPs.

In one embodiment, for electromagnetic energy relays, an additional method provides for only a single CES to be used with only the bonding agent, where the RI of the CES and the bonding agent differ, and sufficient intermixing occurs between the single CES and the bonding agent.

An additional method provides for any number of CESs and includes the intentional introduction of air bubbles.

In one embodiment, for electromagnetic energy relays, a method provides for multiple bonding agents with independent desired Rls, and a process to intermix the zero, one, or more CES's as they cure either separately or together to allow for the formation of a completely intermixed re. Two or more separate curing methodologies may be leveraged to allow for the ability to cure and intermix at different als with different tooling and procedural methodologies. In one embodiment, a UV cure epoxy with a RI of 1.49 is ixed with a heat cure second epoxy with a R1 of 1.59 where constant ion of the materials is provisioned with alternating heat and UV treatments with only sufficient duration to begin to see the formation of solid stmctures from within the larger e, but not long enough for any large particles to form, until such time that no agitation can be continued once the curing process has nearly completed, whereupon the curing processes are implemented simultaneously to completely bond the materials together In a second embodiment, CES with a RI of 1.49 are added. In a third embodiment, CES with both a R1 of 1.49 and 1.59 both added.

In another ment, for electromagnetic energy relays, glass and plastic materials are intem1ixed based upon their tive RI properties.

In an additional embodiment, the cured rnixture is formed in a rnold and after curing is cut and polished. In another embodiment, the materials leveraged will re- liquefy with heat and are cured in a first shape and then pulled into a second shape to include, but not limited to, tapers or bends.

] FIG-. 7A illustrates a cutaway view of a flexible implementation 70 of a relay exhibiting the Transverse Anderson zation ch using CES al type 1 (72) and CES material type 2 (74) with intermixing oil or liquid 76 and with the possible use of end cap relays 79 to relay the energy waves from a first surface 77 to a second surface 77 on either end of the relay within a flexible tubing enclosure 78 in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure. The CES material type l (72) and CES material type 2 (74) both have the engineered property of being elongated - in this embodiment, the shape is elliptical, but any other elongated or engineered shape such as cylindrical or stranded is also possible. The elongated shape allows for channels of um engineered property variation 75.

For an embodiment for visible omagnetic energy relays, implementation 70 may have the bonding agent replaced with a refractive index matching oil 76 with a refractive index that matches CES material type 2 (74) and placed into the flexible tubing enclosure 78 to maintain flexibility of the mixture of CES material type 1 and CES material 2, and the end caps 79 would be solid optical relays to ensure that an image can be d from one surface of an end cap to the other. The elongated shape of the CES materials allows channels of minimum refractive index variation 75 Multiple instances of 70 can be interlaced into a single surface in order to form a relay cornbiner in solid or flexible form.

In one embodiment, for visible electromagnetic energy relays, l instances of70 may each be connected on one end to a display device showing only one of many specific tiles of an image, with the other end of the optical relay placed in a regular mosaic, arranged in such a way to y the full image with no able seams. Due to the properties of the CES materials, it is additionally possible to fuse multiple the le optical relays within the mosaic together. illustrates a cutaway view of a rigid implementation 750 of a CES Transverse Anderson Localization energy relay. CES al type 1 (72) and CES rnaterial type 2 (74) are intermixed with bonding agent 753 which matches the index of refraction of material 2 (74). It is possible to use optional relay end caps 79 to relay the energy wave from the first surface 77 to a second surface 77 within the enclosure 754. The CES material type 1 (72) and CES material type 2 (74) both have the engineered property of being elongated---in this ment, the shape is elliptical, but any other elongated or engineered shape such as cylindrical or stranded is also possible. Also shown in is a path of minimum engineered property variation 75 along the longitudinal direction, which assists the energy wave propagation in this direction from one end cap surface 77 to the other end cap surface 77.

The initial configuration and ent of the CESs can be done with mechanical placement, or by exploiting theEP of the mate1ials, including but not limited to: electric charge, which when applied to a d of CESs in a liquid can result in colloidal crystal formation; magnetic moments which can help order CESs containing trace amounts of agnetic materials, or relative weight of the CESs used, which \vith gravity helps to create layers within the bonding liquid prior to curing.

In one embodiment, for electromagnetic energy relays, the irnplementation depicted in would have the bonding agent 753 matching the index of tion of CES material type 2 (74), the optional end caps 79 would be solid optical relays to ensure that an image can be d from one surface of an end cap to the other, and the critical EP with l longitudinal variation would be refractive index, creating channels 75 which would assist the propagation of localized electromagnetic waves. depicts a method comprising: (a) providing one or more of a first CES, the first CES having a specific set ofEPs {ao, bo, co... }; (b) providing one or more N CES, denoted CESi, each having the corresponding EPs {ai, bi, Ci... }, wherein i is 1 or r; (c) forming a medium using the one or more of the first CES, and the one or more of the CESi, the forming step randomizing at least oneEP (across ao and a1) along a first plane of the medium resulting in a ility of thatEP (across ao and at) denoted Vl, with the combinedEP values of a different type (ho and h1) inducing the spatial variability of the sameEP s ao and at) along a second plane of the medium, this variability denoted V2, wherein the second plane is different from the firstplane, and wherein the variability in this second plane V2 is lmver than the variability Vl; and (d) forming an assembly using the medium such that the first plane of the medium is the transverse orientation 752 of the assembly and the second plane of the medium is the udinal orientation 75i of the energy reiay assembly, wherein energy waves propagating to or from an entrance to an exit ofthe energy relay assembly have higher transport efficiency in the longitudinal orientation 751 versus the transverse orientation 7 5 2 and are spatially Iocalized in the erse ation 752 due to the engineered properties, and wherein the EP of each material as formed in the medium may facilitate the reduction of unwanted diffusion or scatter of energy waves through the assembly.

A rnethod of forming a bi-directional transverse Anderson zation energy relays with engineered structures in view of FIGS. 7A-7B es: (a) providing one or more of a first component ered structure, the first component engineered stmcture having a first set of engineered properties, and (b) providing one or more of a second component ered structure, the second component engineered structure having a second set of engineered properties, where both the first component engineered structure and the second component engineered structure have at least two common engineered ties, denoted by a first engineered property and a second engineered property.

Next, in this embodiment, the method includes (c) forming a medium using the one or more of the first component engineered structure and the one or more of the second component ered structure, the forming step izes the first engineered property in a first plane of the medium resulting in a first variability of that engineered property in that plane, with the values of the second engineered prope1iy allowing for a variation of the first engineered property in a second plane of the medium, where the variation of the first engineered property in the second piane is less than the variation of the first ered property in the first plane.

In one embodiment, the first engineered property that is common to both the first component engineered structure and the second component engineered structure is index of refraction, and the second engineered property that is common to both the first component engineered structure and the second component engineered structure is shape, and the forming step (c) randomizes the refractive index ofthe first component engineered stmcture and the refractive index of the second ent engineered structure along a first plane of the medium ing in a first variability in index of refraction, \vith the combined geometry of the shapes of the first component engineered structure and the second component engineered structure resulting in a variation in index ofrefraction in the second plane of the , where the ion of the index of refraction in the second plane is less than the variation of index of refraction in the first plane of the medium.

In one embodiment, the method further includes (d) forming an assembly using the medium such that the first plane of the rnediurn extends along the transverse orientation of the assembly and the second plane of the medium extends along the longitudinal orientation of the assembly, where energy \vaves propagating through the assembly have higher transport efficiency in the longitudinal ation versus the transverse orientation and are spatially localized in the transverse orientation due to the first engineered property and the second engineered property.

In some embodiments, the forming steps (c) or (d) includes forming the assembly into a layered, concentric, cylindrical configuration or a rolled, spiral configuration or other assembly configurations required for optical prescriptions defining the formation ofthe assernbly ofthe one or more first cornponent engineered structure and the one or more second component engineered structure in predefined volumes along at least one of the transverse orientation and the udinal orientation thereby resulting in one or more gradients between the first order of refractive index and the second order of refractive index with respect to location throughout the .

In other embodiments, each ofthe forming steps (c) and (d) includes at least one of forming by intermixing, curing, bonding, UV re, fusing, machining, laser cutting, melting, polymerizing, etching, engraving, 3D ng, CNCing, lithographic sing, ization, liquefying, deposition, ink-jet printing, laser forming, optical forming, perforating, layering, heating, g, ordering, disordering, polishing, obliterating, cutting, material removing, compressmg, pressunzmg, vacuuming, gravitational forces and other sing methods.

In yet another embodiment, the method further includes (e) processing the assembly by forming, g or machining to create at least one of complex or formed shapes, curved or slanted surfaces, optical elements, gradient index lenses, diffractive optics, l relay, optical taper and other geometric configurations or optical devices.

In an embodiment, the ties of the engineered structures of steps (a) and (b) and the formed medium of step (c) cumulatively combine to exhibit the ties sverse Anderson Localization.

In some embodiments, the forming step (c) includes forming with at least one of: (i) an additive process of the first component engineered structure to the second component engineered structure; (ii) a subtractive s of the first component engineered structure to produce voids or an inverse structure to form \vith the second component engineered structure; (iii) an additive process of the second component engineered structure to the first component engineered structure; or (iv) a ctive process of the second component engineered structure to produce voids or an inverse structure to fom1 with the first component engineered structure.

In one embodiment, each ofthe providing steps (a) and (b) includes the one or more of the first component engineered structure and the one or more of the second component engineered structure being in at least one ofliquid, gas or solid form. In another embodiment, each of the providing steps (a) and (b) includes the one or more of the first component engineered ure and the one or more ofthe second component engineered structure being ofat least one of polymeric material, and where each of the first refractive index and the second refractive index being greater than 1. In one embodiment, each of the providing steps (a) and (b) includes the one or more of the first component engineered structure and the one or more of the second ent engineered structure, having one or more of first component engineered structure dimensions ing in a first and second plane, and one or more ofsecond component engineered structure dimensions differing in a first and second plane, where one or rnore of the structure dimensions ofthe second plane are different than the first plane, and the structure ion of the first plane are less than four times the wavelength ble light.

In an embodiment forvisible electromagnetic energy relays, FIG-. 7 s a method comprising: (a) ing one or more of a firstCES with EP of a first refractive index no, first shape so, and first absorptive l quality bo; (b) providing one or more N CES, each CESi having refractive index lli, shape s1, and absorptive optical quality b;, wherein i is 1 or greater; (c) forming a medium using the one or more of the first CES, and one or more of the CES1, the forming step randomizing the first refractive index no and the ,,.., refractiveindex lli spatially along a first plane of the medium resulting in a first refractive index variability denoted V1, with the combined geometry of the shapes so and s1 inducing a second refractive index variability along a second plane of the medium denoted V2, 'vvherein the second plane is different from the first plane, and wherein the second refractive index variability V2 is lo\ver than the first tive index variability Vl , and (d) forming an ly using the medium such that the first plane of the medium is the transverse orientation of the assembly and the second plane of the medium is the longitudinal ation of the assembly, wherein energy waves ating to or from an entrance to an exit of the ly have higher transport ency in the longitudinal orientation versus the transverse orientation as well as are spatially localized in the transverse orientation due to the engineered ties and the resultant refractive index variability, and wherein the reflective, transmissive and absorptive optical quality of each material as formed in the medium may facilitate the reduction of unwanted diffusion or scatter of omagnetic waves through the assembly.

In an embodiment for visible electromagnetic energy relays, one or more of the providing steps (a) and (b) may include the one or more of the first component engineered structure and the one or more of the Ni structure being an additive process including at least one of bonding agent, oil, epoxy, and other optical grade, adhesive materials or ion fluids.

In an embodiment, the forming step (c) may include fom1ing the medium into a lid form, and wherein the forming step (d) es g the assembly into a loose, coherent waveguide system having a flexible housing for receiving the non-solid form medium.

In an embodiment, the forming step (c) may include fom1ing the medium into a liquid form, and wherein the forming step (d) includes forming the assembly by directly depositing or applying liquid form medium.

In an embodiment, the forming steps (c) and (d) may include combining two or more loose or fused mediums in varied orientations for forming at least one of multiple entries or multiple exits of the assembly.

In an embodiment, the ties of the engineered structures and the formed medium may cumulatively combine to exhibit the properties of Transverse Anderson Localization and the forming step may e forming with at least one of: an additive process of the first component engineered structure to the second component engineered structure; a subtractive process of the first component engineered stmcture to produce voids or an inverse structure to form 'vvith the second component engineered re; an additive process of the second component engineered structure to the first component engineered stmcture; or a subtractive process of the second component engineered structure to e voids or an inverse structure to fonn with the first component engineered strncture.

In an embodiment, one or more of the providing steps may include the one or more of the first component ered structure and the one or more of the second component engineered structure being in at least one of liquid, gas or solid form.

In an ment for visible electromagnetic energy relays, one or more of the ing steps may include the one or more ofthe first component engineered structure and the one or more of the second component ered structure being of at least one of polymeric material, and wherein each of the first refrac tive index and the second refractive index being greater than 1.

In an embodiment, one or more of the ing steps may include the one or more of the first component engineered structure and the one or more of the second component engineered structure, having one or more of first component engineered structure ions differing in a first and second plane, and one or more of second component engineered structure dirnensions differing in a first and second plane, \vherein one or more of the structure dimensions of the second plane are different than the first plane, and the stmcture dimension of the first plane are less than four times the ngth of the relayed .

In an embodiment, one or more of the forming steps may include forming the assembly into a layered, concentric, cylindrical configuration or a rolled, spiral configuration or other assembly configurations required for functional prescriptions ng the formation of the assembly of the one or more first CES and the one or more second CES in predefined volumes along at least one of the transverse orientation and the longitudinal orientation thereby resulting in one or more nts of one or more EPs of the CESs used with respect to location throughout the medium.

In an embodiment for visible electromagnetic energy , the g steps may yield a configuration required for optical prescription of focus, beam steering, diffraction, or the like, through the generation of one or more nts of tive index 'vvith respect to location in the medium.

In an embodiment, one or more of the forming steps rnay at least one of forming by intermixing, curing, bonding, l.JV exposure, fusing, ing, laser cutting, rnelting, polymerizing, etching, engraving, 3D printing, CNCing, lithographic processing, metallization, liquefying, deposition, ink-jet printing, laser forming, optical forming, ating, layering, g, cooling, ordering, disordering, polishing, obliterating, cutting, material removing, compressing, pressurizing, vacuuming, gravitational forces, and other processing methods.

In an embodiment for visible electromagnetic energy relays, the method may further comprise processing the assembly by forming, g or machining to create at least one of complex or formed shapes, curved or slanted surfaces, optical elernents, gradient index , diffractive optics, optical relay, optical taper and other geometric urations or optical devices.

In an embodiment for visible electromagnetic energy relays, illustrates a y view in the transverse plane the inclusion of a DEMA sional extra mural absorption) CES, 80, along with CES material types 72, 74 in the longitudinal direction of one exemplary material at a given percentage of the overall mixture of the material, which controls stray light, in accordance with one embodiment of the t disclosure for visible electromagnetic energy relays.

The additional CES materials that do not transmit light are added to the mixture(s) to absorb random stray light, r to EMA in traditional optical fiber technologies, only the absorbing als are included within a dimensional lattice and not contained within the longitudinal dirnension, herein this material is called DEMA, 80.

Leveraging this approach in the third dimension provides far more control than previous methods of implementation where the stray light control is much more fully randomized than any other entation that includes a stranded EMA that ultimately reduces overall light transmission by the percent of the area of the surface of all the optical relay components, whereas the DEMA is intermixed in the dimensional lattice that effectively controls the light transmission in the udinal direction without the same ion of light in the transverse. The DEMA can be provided in any ratio of the overall mixture. In one ment, the DEMA is l % of the overall mixture of the material. In a second embodiment, the DEMA is 10�� of the overall mixture of the material.

In an additional embodiment, the two or rnore materials are treated with heat and/or pressure to perform the bonding process and this may or may not be completed with a rnold or other similar forming process known in the art. This may or may not be applied within a vacuum or a vibration stage or the like to eliminate air bubbles during the melt process. For example, CES with material type PS and PJvfNIA may be intermixed and then placed into an appropriate mold that is placed into a uniform heat distribution environment capable ofreaching the melting point of both materials and cycled to and from the respective temperature without causing damage/fractures due to exceeding the maximum heat elevation or declination per hour as dictated by the material properties.

For processes that require intermixing materials with additional liquid bonding agents, in consideration of the variable specific densities of each material, a process of constant rotation at a rate that ts separation of the materials may be illustrates one such method 90 to intennix one or more CES material types 72, 74 within a two part mixture 98 independently with each of the solutions 72, 74 at the m ratios within a system where the nozzles from chambers 94, 96 of each separate mixture meets at a central point 97 to appropriately mix each part of the CES mixture 98 together to form an ideal ratio of CES and bonding agent to allow for appropriate curing with all ed engineered ty ratios rnaintained within a single apparatus, in accordance with one ment of the present disclosure. A linked plunger 92 provides the ability to mix these materials 72, 74 er simultaneously without the additional need for measurements or mixture.

] An additional embodiment includes the ability to use a two-part mixture where each liquid contains one or more of CES materials individually such that when mixed together, all als are provided in the correct and appropriately saturated ratios.

In one specific embodiment, both intermixed materials are placed side by side with linked rs or other methods for applying even re, and nozzles forcing both parts of the mixture to mix with even proportions such that when the plunger or other method for producing the pressure to mix both materials together is activated, the ive mixture includes the exact amount of each CES material as well as the appropriate mixture of the rt medium.

An additional ment provides the ability to create multiple , formed, produced or otherwise materials and use chemical, heat or the like processes to fuse or bond these individual elements together as if they had been produced simultaneously without separate processes to facilitate ical requirements and practical ses. illustrates a process 100 wherein a mixture of CESs 72, 74 and UV sensitive bonding agents l03 are intermixed together in a mixing r 102 and an apparatus controls the release of the mixture of the ials h a nozzle with a predetermined diameter and a high intensity UV laser i04 is focused on the solution near the exit of the nozzle where arbitrarily long threads 108 of the solid cured material 106 may be formed wherein the longitudinal orientation of the thread exhibits CES ordering and the transverse orientation of the threads exhibits CES disordering, in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure.

An additional embodiment provides the ability to cure the mixture of CES material types 72, 74 using epoxy or another bonding agent to include als, heat or the like, and rapidly cure thin strands of the mixture maintaining the longitudinal ordering and transverse disordering at any desired diameter of thickness such that a single strand 'vvith any length may be produced. An exemplary application of this includes a l.JV fastcure epoxy ixed with the appropriate ratio of CES material type 1 (72) and CES material type 2 (74) and a nozzle that distributes the mixture at the appropriate er facilitated by a constant pressure for the controlled release of the mixture wherein the high intensity UV laser 104 is focused at the exit of the mixture such that upon contact with the UV light, a solid is formed and the constant pressure of the material exiting the nozzle produces an arbitrary length strand of the material. This process may be performed with any method required to cure ing time, temperature, chemicals and the like. FIG. l 0 illustrates one exemplary implementation of this process. It should be noted that many of these materials exhibit limited sensitivity to UV light, so that either extremely high ities are required for fast cure, or other implementations are introduced to perform this on depending on the materials leveraged in the mixture.

In an embodiment ofthe above, multiple strands are collected together and fused together h methods known in the art including light, time, temperature, chemicals and the like.

An additional embodiment uses no additional bonding agents. This may or rnay not be implemented in the presence of a gas or liquid in order to maintain a loose 'sand-like' mixture of the CESs 72, 74 t the uction of air, but rather a different gas/liquid that may be more appropriate to encourage the propagation ofenergy according to the transverse Anderson localization ple. This may include one or more additional CES materials and may include one or more gasses/liquids.

This application may be performed within a vacuum or a sealed nment. With any implementation methodology, the randomization of CESs is significantly increased from that of other irnplementations that are the current state of the art fom1ing icantly increased disordering in the final structure. Whether the liquid bonding material cures into a solid or remains liquid, a three-dimensional e of CESs are created with a geometry consistent with sed Transverse Anderson Localization oflongitudinal energy waves as discussed previously.

There may be advantages of this approach where CES als can be ively produced and mixed cost effectively and in bulk quantities without the necessity for any custom fabrication processes required to arrange the material into an intermediate form factor.

Further, for processes that involve solid ures, the ability to form structures through molds or the like is extremely powerful for increased efficiency of production and can result in sizes and shapes that were previously not possible. It is also possible to premix the bonding agents with the CESs and can be painted onto any surface or a plethora of other potential implementation methodologies. lA illustrates a radially symmetric cylindrical building block 110 composed of two alternating CESs 72, 74, in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure.

In an embodiment for visible electromagnetic energy relays, it is possible to fabricate diffractive, refractive, gradient index, binary, aphic or Fresnel-like structures by generating alternating layers of radially symmetric and non-uniform thicknesses of CESs 72, 74 with, for e, a refractive index ence of approximately 0.1. This value can vary depending on optical configuration. The fabrication s of such an element rnay leverage the principles of Transverse on Localization or may leverage the ques provided in this discussion to produce two rnaterials without explicit ization. The prescription for these elements may vary spatially in either the transverse or longitudinal orientations and may include machined surface profiles or non-uniform spacing bet\..veen individual layers.

One such method provides the ability to simply cure bonding materials with two or more differentiated EP's in an alternating methodology such that each layer forms around a previously cured region and grows radially to a defined diameter. This diameter may be constant, variable, or random depending on the requirements for the system. The cylinders can be used as building blocks for more cornplex structures.

It is possible to build substructures of one or more CES by employing the properties of a transient biaxial material such as, but not limited to, biaxial polystyrene, where the molecules are frozen by rapid cooling into hed positions. Heating the material above a transition temperature will deactivate the transient state, causing the material to shrink, sometimes by a factor of two or more. The method comprises (a) providing one or more CES, (b) forming a medium by at least one of an additive, subtractive, or isolated process, the additive s includes adding at least one CES to a transient structure, the ctive process includes producing voids or an inverse structure in a transient structure to later form \vith at least one CES, and the isolated process includes ering at least one transient structure in the absence or removal of addition of a CES, and (c) forming an assembly and deactivating the transient mate1ial inducing an increase of al property variation along a first plane of an assembly relative to a decrease of material property variation along a second plane of an assembly to achieve erse Anderson Localization.

] FIG. llB shows the subtractive process 115 in which material is removed from a biaxial material and two CES materials 72, 74 are added to a hole in a lly stretched material 1153, where there may or may not be a bonding agent applied. The CESs 72, 74 may be simple pheres that are commercially available but each exhibit at least one critical EP. \Vith relaxation of the biaxial material 1154 after bringing the entire system near the melting point of all materials within the biaxial material, and contraction of the hole, the CES's 72, 7 4 dimensions become elongated in one direction, and cted in the other. Further, the spatial ordering of CESs 72, 74 has been slightly randomized but essentially preserved in such a way that the ion in EP is much less in the direction along the direction of the elongation than in any orthogonal direction.

In an additional embodiment of FIG-. 1 lB, the lly stretched material is subtractively formed to produce a plurality of holes with a first average diameter and a first average density spacing, and then two CESs 72, 74 are added before or after relaxing the biaxial material to result in a second e diameter and a second average density spacing, \vherein the second average y spacing is significantly increased from the first average density spacing and the second e diameter is significantly lmver than the first average diameter, and the thickness of the formed medium has increased resulting in decreased variation in the EP in the longitudinal orientation.

In an embodiment, the method may r comprise (d) generating several assemblies of step (c) with different EPs such as dimensions, size, refractive index, and volume, and generating several compound formed medium from step b; (e) pairing an assembly and a compound-formed medium together to form a unit collectively called a sub-structure, where one or more sub-structures can have one or more EP variations for a first and second plane; (f) generating additional variation with the addition of one or more N CES, each denoted CESi where i is 1 or greater, (g) g a medium of one or more sub-structures and CESt, where the fonning step randomizes one critical EP parameter EPc (such as index of refraction for the embodiment of electromagnetic waves), along the one or more sub-structure's first plane resulting in a first compound medium EPc variability, with a different EP (such as shape) ng a second compound medium EPc variability along the one or more sub-structure's second plane, n the one or more substmcture's second plane is different from the one or more sub-stmcture's first plane, and wherein the second compound medium EPc variability is lmver than the first compound rnedium EPc ility due to the one or more mcture EP and the CESt engineered property; and (h) forming a compound assembly using the compound medium such that the one or more sub-structure's first plane is the transverse orientation of the compound assembly and the one or more sub-structure's second plane is the udinal orientation of the compound assembly, wherein energy waves propagating to or from an entrance to an exit of the compound assembly have higher transport efficiency in the longitudinal orientation versus the transverse ation and are spatially localized in the transverse orientation due to the nd engineered properties and the resultant compound EPc variability. [0(H92] In an embodiment, step (c) or step (h) may include g or other form of processing to deactivate the transient molecular state of the materials within the assembly, wherein the arrangement, density, and EP of the transient materials are varied in at least one of the erse orientation or the longitudinal orientation, thereby causing the assembly during heat treatment or other sing to naturally taper or cause dimensional variations along at least one of the transverse orientation or the longitudinal orientation of the assembly to e various energy relay geometries that \vould have otherwise ed complex cturing processes that maintain the appropriate ordering for energy wave transport efficiency. [0(H93] FIG-. 12 illustrates a perspective view 120 of a cylindrical structure with 20 layers ofdifferent CESs, where one or more critical EPs may vary from layer to layer, and where layers may vary in thickness. The structure can be built to implement a steering of the energy wave through the mate1ial.

In an embodiment for visible electromagnetic energy relays, it is possible to leverage multiple materials with multiple refractive indices that may or may not be of the same thickness perregion as the al radiates from the center ofthe optical material.

With this method, it is le to leverage the optical properties of the material to alter steer angles of light in ermined ways based upon the material properties per designed region. FIG-. 12 illustrates one such embodiment wherein 20 als with different refractive indices are implemented such that there is an input ray 122 and an output ray 124 that alters as a function of the EP ofeach of the materials contained within the l relay element.

The structure of can be built up in layers. The outside surface of each of the previously layered materials can be coated with a CESi layer 'vvith a dimension at or below the desired thickness of each radial layer in combination with a g material with the appropriate set of EPs. When the bonding agent is nearly cured and tacky to the touch, the next layer may be formed by applying the next CESi 1 layer as a coat to the previous bonding agent layer until dry. It is also a potential implementation that this manufacturing process requires constant rotation of the optical build up to ensure a consistent radially concentric structure is formed.

In an embodiment for visible electromagnetic energy relays, the critical ered property is refractive index (RI), and the CESs are leveraged with alternating Ris to coat the outside of each of the previously layered materials with a shape diameter at or below the desired thickness of each radial layer in combination with a bonding al of (near) identical RI properties. \Vhen the bonding agent is nearly cured and tacky to the touch, the next layer of a second (or greater) Rl al is applied to coat the previous bonding agent with a new layer until dry. It is also a potential implementation that this manufacturing process requires constant rotation of the optical build up to ensure a tent radially concentric structure is formed and the structure begins with a center optical 'core' matching one of the two als with the same or r thickness to the desired thickness per radial layer By applying the d RI bonding agent to each microsphere layer, the CES effectively become optically transparent spacers and the bonding agent is used to consistently form a material for the next concentric layer to bond to. In one such embodiment, each microsphere is approximately lum in diameter with a first RI of 1.49 and a first bonding agent with RI of 1.49 and a second rnicrosphere with a second RI of 1.59 and a second bonding agent with an RI of 1.59 and the complete diameter of the constructed ly concentric materials forms a 60mm diameter optical material.

] In a further embodiment of the previously sed ly concentric microsphere build up methodology, a second approach is bed wherein the bonding agents are of the second (or more) RI to form a disordered Anderson localization approach vs. the previously disclosed ordered approach. In this fashion, it is possible to then randomize the transmission of the rays of light to increase the theoretical resolution of the optical system. illustrates perspective views for a spiral production process 130 'vvhich leverages sheets of two CESs 72, 74, in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure. A CES material type 72, 74 is arranged to lie end-to-end and then bonded into sheets 132 or 134, respectively, and ed with a predetermined ess.

An additional methodology involves a spiral fabrication s where sheets 132 and 134 are layered and bonded together to form a single sheet 753 that has a first set of critical EPs on one side and a second set of critical EPs on the other side. These materials are then roiled in a spiral until a specified diameter is reached leveraging various mechanical and/or fabrication methods to produce the resultant energy relay geometry.

In an embodiment for visible electromagnetic energy relays, the spiral approach involves the use of CESs with a predetermined thickness and a bonding agent the same RI as one of the two CESs 72, 74 to form sheets of intermixed CESs and bonding agents wherein the CESs are leveraged to determine sheet thickness and the bonding agents are leveraged to hold the CESs together in a flexible sheet, but not to exceed the desired thickness of the individual layers. This is repeated for a second (or more) CES with a second RI.

Once the individual sheets are fabricated at a em1ined length (the length of each of the resultant energy relay elements) and width (the end thickness or diameter after spiraling both materials together), a thin layer of the bonding agent with one or more critical EPs referred to as EP 1 is applied to 132, followed by the mating of 134 to align to 132 t the bonding agent being allowed to cure. 134 then has a bonding agent with one or more EPs referred to as EP 2 applied in a thin layer on top of the assembly and not yet cured. The resulting stack of 132, bonding agent withEP 1, 134, and bonding agent 'vvith EP 2 is then rolled in a spiral to form the resulting energy relay element, and through this process any excess bonding agent material is forced out of either of the two open ends before final curing.

It is additionally possible for any of the above methods to produce the sheets in a non-uniform thickness to e a variable thickness to the concentric rings for specific functional es.

] In an embodiment for visible electromagnetic energy relays, where the critical ered ty is refractive index, it is possible to calculate the directionality of each optical my through a determined thickness of ed material, and then determine the relative thickness for the concentric rings to steer certain rays at certain angles depending on the optical requirements. A wedge ch to the sheet will result in a constantly increasing thickness to each radial ring, or a non-unifom1 thickness across the sheet will produce random changes in thickness ofthe radial rings.

As an alternative to ng two sheets, each one containing a single CES and a single bonding agent, a single sheet layer 135 can be created which contains two or more CESs 72, 74 arranged in an aced -end configuration 135 as shown in A bonding agent with EP l is used to hold the two als together The same bonding agent, or a different one with EP 2, can be applied to the sheet when it is roiled into a spiral to form the resulting energy relay element, and h this process any excess bonding agent material is forced out ofeither of the two open ends.

An additional method ofthe above where the same process is ed, but the sheets are made of mismatched CES al type l to bonding agent material 2 and vice versa to encourage the Transverse Anderson Localization phenomena.

An embodiment for visible electromagnetic energy relays exists for all of the above radially symmetrical or spiraled optical materials where the optical elements that are formed are sliced into thin cylinders, and may be aligned in an array, as implementations of a diffractive lens that allow for the appropriate steering of the rays of light as required for a specific optical configuration. rates perspective views of a repeating pattern 140 of twenty CESs with a thickness that may or may not be the same per sheet spiraled into an energy relay structure wherein there is an input wave angle and an output wave angle that is a result of one or more differing EP of each region of material, in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure.

In an embodiment for visible electromagnetic energy , 140 contains twenty tive indices applied with thicknesses that may or may not be the same per sheet spiraled into an optical relay structure that is able to steer an electromagnetic wave as a result of the differing refractive index of each region of material, in accordance with one embodiment ofthe present disclosure.

In an additional embodiment for visible electromagnetic energy relays, the refractive index of the material changes as a specific function of radius from the center of the spiral. In this n, it is possible to fabricate a plurality of sheets of material as identified previously with a sequence ofrefractive indices as designed for a specific optical function for steering rays of light through the optical relay element. This may additionally be placed into an array as previously disclosed or cut or polished or the like as discussed 'vvith other embodiments.

Further, it is possible to produce multiple optical elements from this spiral or radial process and bond/fuse these er with any of the methods previously disclosed or known in the art forming a singular e with a determined optical element ess, and then slice the entirety of the array into sheets for use on any Fresnel lenslet array or any other determined purpose.

The transverse diameter of one of the structures may be four times the wavelength of at least one of: (i) visible light and the material wave propagation property is the refractive index; or (ii) ultrasonic frequencies and the rnaterial wave propagation property is the acoustic nce; or (iii) infrared light and the materialwave propagation property is the refractive index; or (iv) acoustic waves, ultraviolet, x-rays, microwaves, radio waves, or ical energy.

In an embodiment, the transverse diameter of a first ent ered structure and a second component ered structure may be designed for two ent energy s. The aspect ratio ofone ofthe stmctures may be greater in the longitudinal than the transverse orientation. The plurality of structures may stack together in a partially overlapping and primarily longitudinal orientation. In an embodiment, a first ent engineered structure may be engineered to exhibit a e profile that is the inverse shape of a second component engineered structure, one of the structures may include voids, and one of the structures may be formed within the voids of a second component engineered In an embodiment, the mechanical external surfaces ofthe energy relay may be formed before or processed after manufacturing to exhibit planar, non-planar, faceted, spherical, cylindrical, geometric, tapered, magnified, minified, round, square, interlaced, woven, or other mechanical surface properties. In an embodiment, forming, molding or machining the energy relay creates at least one of x or formed shapes, curved or slanted surfaces, optical elernents, gradient index lenses, diffractive optics, optical relay, optical taper and other geometric configurations or optical devices. In an embodiment, two or more energy relays are attached together in an assembly, the resultant structure is fused or solid or loose or flexible.

In an embodiment, the energy relay comprises a first side and a second side, the second side having two or more third sides, and wherein the third sides propagate energy through the second side and combined through the first side.

In one embodiment, a device having Transverse A.nderson Localization ty includes a relay element fonned ofone or more ofa first strucmre and one or more of a second structure, the first ure having a first 1.vave propagation property and the second structure having a second wa1,ie propagation property, the relay element configured to relay energy therethrough, where,, along a transverse orientation the first structure and the second structure are ed in an interleav-ing configuration with spatial variability, where, along a longimdinal orientation the first structure and the second structure have substantially r configuration, and where energy is spatially localized in the transverse orientation and greater Urnn abom .50 �o of the energy ates along the longimdinal orientation versus the transverse orientation through the relay element.

In another embodiment, the relay element includes a first surface and a second surface, and v,therein the energy propagating between the first surface and the second surface travel along a path that is substantially parallel to the longitudinal ation. 1n some embodiments, the fJrst wave propagation property is a first index of refraction and the second 1.vave propagation ty is a second index of refraction, where a variabifay between the first index of refrauion and the second index of refraction results in the energy being spatially localized in the transverse orientation and r than about 50 <;,; of the energy propagating from the first surface to the second surface.

In one embodiment, the energy passing h the first surface has a first resolution, where the energy g through the second surface has a second resolution, and where the second resolution is no less than about 50 °/o ofthe first resolution. In another embodiment, the energy with a uniform e presented to the first surface passes through the second surface to substantially fill a cone with an opening angie of+/- 10 degrees relative to the normal to the second e, irrespective of location of the energy on the second surface.

In one embodiment, the first surface has a different surface area than the second surface, where the relay element fi.irther comprises a sloped profile n n the first surface and the second surface, and where the energy passing through the relay element results in l magnification or spatial de-magnification. In another embodiment, each of the first structure and the second structure includes glass, carbon, optical fiber, l film, polymer or mixtures thereof.

In some embodiments, both the first surface and the second surface are planar, or both the first e and the second surface are non-planar, or the first surface is planar and the second surface is non-planar, or the first surface is non-planar and the second surface is planar, or both the first surface and the second surface are concave, or both the first surface and the second surface are convex, or the first surface is concave and the second surface is convex, or the first surface is convex and the second surface is concave.

In one embodiment, the device includes the first ure having an average first dimension along the transverse orientation that is less than four times the ngth of the energy relayed therethrough, average second and third dimensions substantially larger than the average first dimension along second and third ations, respectively, the second and third orientations substantially orthogonal to the transverse orientation, where the second wave propagation property has the same property as the first wave propagation property but with a different value, where the first structure and the second structure are arranged \vith maximum spatial variability in the erse dimension such that the first 'wave propagation ty and the second ,vave propagation property have maxinmrn variation, where the first structure and the second structure are lly arranged such that the first 'vvave propagation property and the second wave propagation property are invariant along the longitudinal orientation, and where along the transverse orientation throughout the relay element, the center-to-center spacing between channels of the first structure varies randomly, with an e spacing between one and four times an average dimension of the first structure, and where two adjacent longitudinal channels of the first structure are separated by the second structure at substantially every location by a distance of at least one half the average dimension of the first structure.

In one embodiment, the relay element includes a first surface and a second surface, and where the energy propagating between the first surface and the second surface travel along a path that is substantially parallel to the longitudinal orientation. In r embodiment, the first wave propagation property is a first index of refraction and the second 1.vave propagation property is a second index of refraction, ,vhere a variability bet,veen the first index of refraction and the second index ofrefraction results in the energy being lly localized in the erse orientation and greater than about 50 �-'°o of the energy propagating from the first surface to the second surface.

In one ment, a system may include Transverse Anderson Localization energy relays with engineered structures incorporating the devices and relay elements described herein.

While s embodiments in accordance with the principles sed herein have been described above, it should be understood that they have been presented by way of example only, and are not limiting. Thus, the breadth and scope of the invention(s) should not be limited by any of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but should be d only in accordance with the claims and their equivalents issuing from this disclosure. Furthermore, the above advantages and features are provided in described embodiments, but shall not limit the application of such issued claims to processes and structures accomplishing any or ail of the above advantages.

It will be understood that the principal features of this disclosure can be employed in various ernbodirnents without departing from the scope of the disclosure.

Those skilled in the art 'vvill recognize, or be able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation, us equivalents to the specific ures described herein. Such equivalents are considered to be within the scope of this disclosure and are covered by the claims.

Additionally, the section headings herein are provided for consistency with the suggestions under 37 CFR 1.77 or otherwise to provide organizational cues. These headings shall not limit or characterize the invention(s) set out in any claims that may issue from this disclosure. Specifically, and by ,vay of example, although the gs refer to a "Field ofinvention," such claims should not be limited by the ge underthis heading to describe the so-called technical field. Further, a description of technology in the "Background of the Invention" section 1s not to be ued as an admission that technology is prior art to any ion(s) in this sure. Neither is the "Summary" to be ered a characterization of the invention(s) set forth in issued . Furthermore, any reference in this disclosure to "invention" in the singular should not be used to argue that there is only a single point of novelty in this disclosure. le inventions may be set forth according to the limitations of the multiple claims issuing from this disclosure, and such claims accordingly define the invention(s), and their equivalents, that are protected thereby. In all instances, the scope of such claims shall be considered on their own merits in light of this disclosure, but should not be constrained by the headings set forth herein.

The use of the word "a" or "an" when used in conjunction with the tem1 "comprising" in the claims andior the ication rnay mean "one," but it is also consistent with the meaning of "one or more," "at least one," and "one or more than one." The use of the term "or" in the claims is used to rnean "andior" unless explicitly indicated to refer to alternatives only or the alternatives are ly ive, although the disclosure supports a definition that refers to only alternatives and "and/or." Throughout this application, the term "about" is used to indicate that a value includes the inherent variation of error for the device, the method being employed to determine the value, or the variation that exists among the study subjects. In general, but subject to the preceding sion, a numerical value herein that is modified by a word of approximation such as "about" rnay vary from the stated value by at least :t:l, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 12 or 15<;,o.

As used in this specification and claim(s), the words "comprising" (and any form of comprising, such as "comprise" and "comprises"), "having" (and any fonn of , such as ''have" and "has"), "including" (and any form of including, such as "includes" and "include") or "containing" (and any form of containing, such as ins" and "contain") are inclusive or open-ended and do not exclude additional, unrecited elements or method steps.

Words of comparison, measurement, and timing such as "at the time," "equivalent," ''during," "complete," and the like should be understood to mean "substantially at the time," "substantially equivalent," "substantially during," ''substantially complete," etc., where "substantially" means that such comparisons, measurements, and s are practicable to accomplish the implicitly or expressly stated desired result. \'Vords relating to relative position of elements such as "near," mate to," and "adjacent to" shall mean sufficiently close to have a material effect upon the respective system element interactions. Other words of approximation similarly refer to a condition that when so modified is understood to not necessarily be absolute or perfect but would be considered close enough to those ofordinary skill inthe art to warrant designating the condition as being t. The extent to which the description may vary will depend on how great a change can be instituted and still have one of ordinary skilled in the art recognize the modified feature as still having the required characteristics and capabilities of the unmodified feature.

The term "or combinations thereof' as used herein refers to all permutations and combinations of the listed items preceding the term. For example, "A, B, C, or combinations f is intended to e at least one of: A, B, C, A.B,AC, BC, or ABC, and iforder is important in a particular context, also BA, CA, CB, CBA, BCA, ACB, BAC, or CAB. Continuing 'vvith this example, sly included are combinations that contain repeats of one or more item or term, such as BB, AAA, AB, BBC, AAABCCCC, CBBAAA, CABABB, and so forth. The skilled artisan will understand that lly there is no limit on the number of items or terms in any combination, unless otherwise apparent from the context.

All of the compositions and/or methods disclosed and claimed herein can be nrnde and executed without undue mentation in light of the present disclosure.

\Vhile the compositions and methods of this disclosure have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it will be nt to those of skill in the art that variations may be applied to the compositions and/or methods and in the steps or in the sequence of steps of the method described herein without departing from the t, spirit and scope of the disclosure. All such similar substitutes and modifications apparent to those skilled in the art are deemed to be within the spirit, scope and concept of the disclosure as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (38)

1. What is claimed is: A method sing: (a) ing one or more of a first component engineered structure, the first component engineered structure having a first set of engineered properties; (b) providing one or more of a second component ered structure, the second component engineered structure having a second set of engineered properties, wherein both the first component ered stmcture and the second component engineered structure have at least two common engineered properties, denoted by a first engineered property and a second engineered property; and (c) forming a medium using the one or more of the first component ered structure and the one or more of the second component engineered structure, 'vvherein the forming step randomizes the first engineered property in a first plane of the medium resulting in a first variability of that engineered ty in that plane, with the values of the second ered property allmving for a variation of the first engineered property in a second plane of the medium, wherein the variation of the first engineered property in the second plane is less than the variation of the firstengineered property in the first plane.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first engineered property that is common to both the first component engineered structure and the second component engineered structure is index of refraction, and the second engineered property that is common to both the first ent ered structure and the second component engineered structure is shape, and the g step (c) randomizes the refractive index of the first component engineered structure and the tive index of the second component engineered structure along a first plane of the medium resulting in a first variability in index of refraction, with the combined geometry of the shapes of the first component engineered stmcture and the second component engineered structure resulting in a variation in index of refraction in the second plane of the medium, 'vvhere the variation of the index of refraction in the second plane is less than the variation of index of refraction in the first plane of the medium.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising: (d) forming an assembly using the medium such that the first plane of the medium extends along the transverse orientation of the assembly and the second plane of the medium extends along the longitudinal orientation of the assembly, wherein energy waves propagating through the assembly have higher transport efficiency in the longitudinal orientation versus the transverse orientation and are spatially localization in the transverse orientation due to the first engineered property and the second engineered property.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the forming steps (c) or (d) includes forming the assembly into a layered, concentric, cylindrical configuration or a rolled, spiral configuration or other ly configurations required for l prescriptions ng the fonnation of the ly of the one or more first cornponent ered structure and the one or more second component engineered strncture in ined volumes along at least one of the transverse orientation and the longitudinal orientation thereby resulting in one or more nts between the first order of refractive index and the second order of refractive index with respect to location throughout the medium.

5. The method of claim 3, wherein each of the forming steps (c) and (d) includes at least one of forming by intermixing, curing, bonding, UV re, fusing, ing, laser cutting, g, polymerizing, etching, engraving, 3D printing, CNCing, lithographic processing, metallization, liquefying, deposition, ink-jet printing, laser forming, optical fom1ing, perforating, layering, heating, cooling, ordering, ering, polishing, obliterating, cutting, material removing, compressing, pressurizing, vacuuming, gravitational forces and other processing s.

6. The method of claim 3, further comprising: (e) processing the assembly by forming, molding or machining to create at least one of complex or formed shapes, curved or slanted surfaces, optical elements, gradient index lenses, diffractive optics, optical relay, optical taper and other geometric configurations or l devices.

7. The method of claim 2, wherein the properties ofthe engineered structures of steps (a) and (b) and the formed medium of step (c) cumulatively combine to exhibit the properties of Transverse Anderson Localization.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the forming step (c) includes forming with at least one of: (i) an ve process of the first component engineered stmcture to the second component engineered structure; (ii) a subtractive process ofthe first component engineered stmcture to produce voids or an inverse structure to fom1 with the second ent engineered structure; (iii) an ve process ofthe second ent engineered stmcture to the first component engineered structure; or (iv) a subtractive process ofthe second component engineered stmcture to produce voids or an inverse structure to form with the first component engineered stmcture. J.

9. The method of claim 1, n each ofthe providing steps (a) and (b) includes the one or more of the first cornponent engineered structure and the one or more of the second component engineered stmcture being in at least one of liquid, gas or solid form.

10. The method of claim 2, wherein each of the providing steps (a) and (b) includes the one or more ofthe first component engineered structure and the one or more ofthe second component engineered structure being of at least one meric material, and wherein each ofthe first refractive index and the second tive index being greater than 1.

11. l l. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the providing steps (a) and (b) es the one or more of the first component engineered structure and the one or more of the second component engineered strncture, having one or more of first component engineered structure dimensions differing in a first and second plane, and one or more of second component engineered structure ions differing in a first and second plane, wherein one or more of the ure dimensions of the second plane are different than the first plane, and the ure ion of the first plane are less than four tiines the ngth of visible light.

12. A method comprising: (a) providing one or more of a first component engineered structure, the first component engineered ure having a first refractive index no, engineered property po, and first absorptive optical quality bo; (b) providing one or more N cornponent engineered structure, each Ni structure 'vvith refractive index n;, engineered propertyJJi, and absorptive optical quality b,, wherein N is 1 or greater; (c) forming a medium using the one or more of the first component engineered ure, and the one or more of the Ni structure, the forming step randomizes the first refractive index no and the refractive index lli along a first plane of the medium resulting in a first refractive index variability, with engineered properties po andpi inducing a second refractive index variability along a second plane of the medium, 'vvherein the second plane is different from the first plane, and wherein the second refractive index variability is lower than the first refractive index variability due to the combined geometry between the first engineered property po and the engineered property p,; and (d) forming an assembly using the medium such that the first plane of the medium is the transverse ation of the assembly and the second plane of the medium is the longitudinal orientation of the assembly, wherein energy waves propagating from an entrance to an exit of the assembly have higher transport efficiency in the longitudinal orientation versus the transverse orientation and are lly localization in the erse orientation due to the engineered properties and the resultant refractive index variability, and wherein the absorptive optical quality of the medium tat es the reduction ofunwanted diffusion or scatter of energy waves through the assembly.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein each of the providing steps (a) and (b) includes the one or more of the first cornponent engineered structure and the one or more of the i structure being an additive process including at least one ofbonding agent, oil, epoxy, and other optical grade, adhesive rnaterials or irnmersion .

14. The method of claim 12, n the forming step (c) includes forming the medium into a non-solid form, and wherein the forming step (d) includes forming the assembly into a loose, coherent waveguide system having a flexible housing for receiving the non-solid form medium.

15. The method of claim 12, wherein the forming step (c) includes forming the medium into a liquid form, and n the forming step (d) includes g the assembly by directly depositing or applying liquid form medium.

16. The method of claim 12, n the g steps (c) and (d) include combining two or more loose or fused mediums in varied orientations for forming at least one of multiple entries or le exits ofthe assembly.

17. The method of claim 12, 'vvherein the forming step (d) includes forming the assembly into a system to transmit and receive the energy waves.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the system is capable ofboth transmitting and receiving localized energy simultaneously through the same medium.

19. A method comprising: (a) providing one or more component engineered structure, each one or more structure having rnaterial engineered properties, wherein at least one structure is processed into a transient bi-axiai state or exhibits andard temporary ng of chemical chains; (b) forming a medium by at least one of an additive, subtractive or isolated process, the additive process includes adding at least one transient structure to one or more additional structure, the subtractive process includes producing voids or an inverse structure from at ieast one transient structure to fom1 'vvith the one or more additional structure, the isolated process includes engineering at least one transient structure in the e or removal of additional ure; and (c) forming an assembly with the medium such that at least one transient material modifies the ent ordering of chemical chains ng an increase of material property variation along a first plane of an assembly relative to a decrease of rnaterial property variation along a second plane of an assernbly.

20. The method ofclaim 19, r comprising: (d) the formed assembly of step (c) resulting in structures within the compound formed medium of step (b) exhibiting at least one of different dimensions, particle size or volume individually and cumulatively as provided for in step (a) and engineered as a compound sub-structure for fmiher assembly; (e) providing at least one or more of the compound sub-structure from step (c) and the compound formed medium from step (b), collectively called sub-structure, the one or more sub-structure having one or more refractive index variation for a first and second plane and one or more sub-structure engineered property; (t) providing one or more N structure, each Ni structure having a refractive index ni, and an engineered typi, wherein i is l or greater; (g) g a medium using the one or more sub-structure and the one or more Ni structure, the forming step izes the m refractive index along the one or more sub-structure's first plane resulting in a first compound medium refractive index variability, with engineered properties inducing a second compound medium refractive index variability along the one or more sub-structure's second plane, n the one or rnore sub-structure's second plane is different from the one or more sub-structure's first plane, and wherein the second compound medium refractive index variability is lower than the first compound medium refractive index variability due to the one or more substructure engineered property and the N engineered property; and (h) forming a compound assembly using the compound medium such that the one or more sub-structure's first plane is the transverse orientation of the compound assembly and the one or more sub-structure's second plane is the udinal ation of the compound assembly, n energy waves propagating to or from an entrance to an exit of the compound assembly have higher ort efficiency in the longitudinal ation versus the transverse orientation and are spatially localized in the transverse orientation due to the compound engineered properties and the resultant nd refractive index variability.

21. The rnethod of claim 19, \vherein the assembly of step (c) or step (h) includes heating or other form of processing to modify the transient ordering of chemical chains of the materials within the assembly, wherein the ement, density, and engineered property of the transient materials are varied in at least one of the transverse ation or the udinal orientation, thereby causing the assembly during heat treatment or other processing to naturally taper or cause dimensional variations along at least one of the erse orientation or the longitudinal orientation of the assembly to produce various optical geometries that would have otherwise required complex manufacturing to maintain the appropriate orde1ing for energy transport ency.

22. A device comprising: a relay element formed of one or more of a first structure and one or more of a second structure, the first structure having a first wave ation property and the second structure having a second wave propagation property, the relay element configured to relay energy therethrough; wherein, along a transverse orientation the first structure and the second structure are arranged in an interleaving configuration vvith spatial variability; wherein, along a longitudinal orientation the first stmcture and the second strucmre have substantially similar configuration; and wherein the energy is spatially localized in the transverse orjentation and greater than about 50 '% of the energy propagates along the longitudinal orientation versus the transverse orientation through the relay elernent.

23. The de\/ice of clain·l 22, \Vh.erein th.e relay elen·lent inc.Judes a first surfac.e and a second e, and ,vherein the energy propagating between the first s1.11face and the second surface travel along a path thal is substantially parallel to the longiludinal orientation.

24. The device of clairn 23, wherein the fJrst wave propagation property is a first index action and the second wave propagation property is a second index of refraction, ein a variability een llle first index of refraction and the second index of refraction results in the energy being lly localized in the transverse orientation and greater than about 50 %) of the energy propagating from the firstsurface to the second

25. The device of claim 23, wherein the energy passing through the first surface has a first tion, wherein the energy passing h the second surface has a second resolution, and wherein the second resolution is no less than about 50 �o of the first resolution.

26. The device of claim 23, n the energy 'vvith a uniform profile presented to the first surface passes through the second surface to substantially fill a cone with an opening angle of+/- 10 degrees relative to the normal to the second surface, irrespective of location of the energy on the second surface.

27. The device of claim 23, wherein the first surface has a different surface area than the second surface, wherein the relay element further comprises a sloped profile portion between the first surface and the second surface, and wherein the energy passing through the relay element results in spatial magnification or spatial de-magnification.

28. The device of claim 23, wherein each of the first stmcture and the second structure includes glass, carbon, l fiber, optical film, polymer or mixtures thereof.

29. The device of claim 23, wherein both the first surface and the second surface are planar

30. The device of claim 23, wherein both the first surface and the second surface are non-planar.

31. The device of claim 23, wherein the first surface is planar and the second surface is non-planar.

32. The device of claim 23, wherein the first surface is anar and the second surface is planar.

33. The device of claim 23, wherein both the first surface and the second surface are concave.

34. The device of claim 23, wherein both the first surface and the second surface are convex.

35. The device of claim 23, wherein the first surface is concave and the second surface is convex.

36. The device of claim 23, wherein the first surface is convex and the second surface 1s concave.

37. The device of claim 22, whereinthe first ure having an average first ion along the transverse orientation that is less than four tirnes the wavelength of the energy relayed hrough, average second and third dimensions substantially larger than the average first dimension along second and third orientations, respectively, the second and third orientations substantially orthogonal to the transverse orientation; wherein the second wave propagation property has the same property as the first 'vvave propagation property but with a ent value; n the first structure and the second ure are arranged with rnaximmn spatial variability in the transverse dimension such that the first wave propagation property and the second 1.vave propagation property have maximum variation; wherein the first structure and the second structure are spatially arranged such that the first wave propagation property and the second wave propagation property are invariant along the udinal orientation; and wherein along the transverse orientation throughout the relay element, the centerto-center spacing n channels of the first structure varies randornly, with an average spacing between one and four times an average dimension ofthe first structure, and wherein two adjacent udinal channels ofthe first structure are separated by the second structure at substantially every location by a ce ofat least one haifthe e dimension of the first structure.

38. The device of claim 37, in the relay element includes a first surface and a second surface, and wherein the energy propagating behveen the first surface and the second surface travel along a path that is substantially parallel to the longitudinal orientation. The device of claim 38, wherein the first \Vave propagation property is a firnt index ofrefraction and the second wave propagation property is a second index of refraction, wherein a variability between the first index of refraction and the second index ofrefraction results in the energy being spatially localized in the transverse orientation and greater than about 50 % ofthe energy propagating from the first surface to the second surface. c:::,..... ,....... -.a:::i, -.:I'" C""4 c::::, ..... ) ..... ,,.......