NZ759473B2 - Indolizine derivatives and application thereof in medicine - Google Patents
Indolizine derivatives and application thereof in medicine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NZ759473B2 NZ759473B2 NZ759294A NZ75929418A NZ759473B2 NZ 759473 B2 NZ759473 B2 NZ 759473B2 NZ 759294 A NZ759294 A NZ 759294A NZ 75929418 A NZ75929418 A NZ 75929418A NZ 759473 B2 NZ759473 B2 NZ 759473B2
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Classifications
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- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/4353—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/437—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems the heterocyclic ring system containing a five-membered ring having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. indolizine, beta-carboline
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/12—Antihypertensives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
- C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
- C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D471/10—Spiro-condensed systems
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D491/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
- C07D491/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
- C07D491/20—Spiro-condensed systems
Abstract
Computer methods and systems for quantifying a nucleic acid sample comprising nucleic acid of one or more contributors to: receive nucleic acid sequence reads obtained from the nucleic acid sample and mapped to alleles at polymorphism loci; determine, using the nucleic acid sequence reads, allele counts for each of the alleles at the polymorphism loci; use a probabilistic mixture model that applies a probabilistic mixture model to the allele counts, and that uses probability distributions to model the allele counts at the polymorphism loci; quantify, using the probabilistic mixture model, one or more fractions of nucleic acid of the one or more contributors in the nucleic acid sample; determine a probability that a specific contributor among the one or more contributors has a specific genotype; and call, based on the posterior probability, that the nucleic acid sample includes nucleic acid from the specific contributor. unts for each of the alleles at the polymorphism loci; use a probabilistic mixture model that applies a probabilistic mixture model to the allele counts, and that uses probability distributions to model the allele counts at the polymorphism loci; quantify, using the probabilistic mixture model, one or more fractions of nucleic acid of the one or more contributors in the nucleic acid sample; determine a probability that a specific contributor among the one or more contributors has a specific genotype; and call, based on the posterior probability, that the nucleic acid sample includes nucleic acid from the specific contributor.
Description
Multi-purpose tile system
Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a multi-purpose tile system, in particular a floor tile system,
comprising a plurality of multi-purpose tiles. The invention also relates to a tile covering,
in particular floor covering, consisting of mutually coupled tiles according to the
invention. The invention further relates to a tile for use in multi-purpose tile system
according to the invention.
Background Art
Interconnectable tiles or panels, such as interconnectable floor panels, are generally
joined mechanically at edges of the panels by using complementary coupling profiles at
opposite edges. Traditionally, rectangular floor panels are connected at the long edges
by means of a traditional angling method. On the short side, the different coupling
mechanisms can be applied, wherein a short edge coupling mechanism may, for
example, be based upon vertical folding, also referred to as a drop down, wherein a
downward tongue located at a short edge of a panel to be coupled is moved in
downward direction, such that said downward tongue is inserted into an upward groove
located at a short edge of a panel already installed. An example of such a panel is
disclosed in US7896571, wherein a short edge coupling mechanism is shown being
configured to vertically lock mutually coupled short edges of adjacent panels. Although
this aimed vertical locking effect at the short edges is intended to stabilize the coupling
between floor panels at the short edges, in practice often breakages, due to coupling
edges being put under tension both during assembly and during practical use, occur at
the coupling edges, which affects the reliability and durability of this type of drop down
coupling.
A first preferred aim of the invention is to provide an improved panel which can be
coupled in improved manner to an adjacent panel.
A second preferred aim of the invention is to provide an improved panel comprising an
improved, in particular relatively reliable, drop down coupling mechanism.
A third preferred aim of the invention is to provide an improved panel comprising an
improved drop down coupling mechanism, wherein the risk of damaging, in particular
breakage of, the drop down coupling mechanism is reduced.
A fourth preferred aim of the invention is to provide an improved panel comprising an
improved drop down coupling mechanism, wherein the risk of damaging, in particular
breakage of, the drop down coupling mechanism during both coupling and uncoupling
is reduced.
Summary of the Disclosure
There is disclosed herein a multi-purpose tile system, in particular a floor tile system,
comprising a plurality of multi-purpose tiles, in particular floor tiles. The tile system
comprises first coupling parts and at least one second coupling part, and each tile
comprises:
- a substantially rigid base layer,
- at least one first coupling part and/or at least one second coupling part provided
at different edges of the tile, in particular the base layer,
○ which first coupling part comprises a, preferably single, upward tongue, at
least one upward flank lying at a distance from the upward tongue and a
single upward groove formed between the upward tongue and the upward
flank, wherein:
■ at least a part of a side of the upward tongue facing toward the upward
flank is inclined toward the upward flank,
■ at least an inclined flat or rounded surface of the upward tongue facing
toward the upward flank forms an upward aligning edge for the purpose
of coupling the first coupling part to a second coupling part of an
adjacent tile,
■ at least a part of a side of the upward tongue facing away from the
upward flank is provided with a first locking element which is adapted
for co-action with a second locking element of a second coupling part
of an adjacent tile,
○ which second coupling part comprises a, preferably single, downward
tongue, at least one downward flank lying at a distance from the downward
tongue, and a single downward groove formed between the downward
tongue and the downward flank, wherein:
■ at least a part of a side of the downward tongue facing toward the
downward flank is inclined toward the downward flank,
■ at least an inclined flat or rounded surface of the downward tongue
facing away from the downward flank forms a downward aligning edge
for the purpose of coupling the second coupling part to a first coupling
part of an adjacent tile,
■ the downward flank is provided with a second locking element which
is connected substantially rigidly to the downward flank and adapted
for co-action with a first locking element of a first coupling part of an
adjacent tile,
said first and second locking elements being formed by a bulge-recess
combination;
wherein the upward groove is adapted to receive at least a part of a downward tongue
of an adjacent tile, and wherein the downward groove is adapted to receive at least a
part of an upward tongue of an adjacent tile,
wherein the substantially rigid base layer is at least partially made of a composite
comprising a closed cell foam plastic material and at least one filler, provided with a
toughening agent, wherein the plastic material of the closed cell foam plastic material
of the base layer is free of plasticizer,
wherein the base layer contains 3% to 9% by weight of said toughening agent, wherein
at least one filler is selected from the group consisting of: talc, chalk, wood, calcium
carbonate, titanium dioxide, calcined clay, porcelain, a mineral filler, and a natural filler,
and
wherein the weight content of filler in the foamed composite of the base layer is between
40 and 48%.
The rigid closed cell foam plastic material used in the base layer provides the tile as
such a desired rigidity and robustness preventing damaging, and in particular breakage,
of the coupling parts (during normal use). An additional advantage of using a foam
plastic material is that the presence closed cells not only leads to improved rigidity and
improved impact resistance, but also to reduced density and lighter weight in
comparison with dimensionally similar non-foam plastic material. The rigidity of the
base layer is further improved by applying the toughening agent. Because the coupling
parts are given a specific form, the substantially complementarily formed coupling parts
of adjacent tiles can be coupled to each other relatively simply, but durably and
efficiently. During coupling of adjacent tiles a force will here be exerted on one or both
coupling parts, whereby the one or both coupling parts will slightly and temporarily
(resiliently) deform to some extent, as a consequence of which the volume taken up by
the downward groove and/or upward groove will be increased such that the upward
tongue and the downward tongue can be arranged relatively simply in respectively the
downward groove and the upward groove. By subsequently allowing the forced coupling
parts to move back (resiliently) to the original position a reliable, locked coupling will be
realized between the two coupling parts, and thereby between the two tiles. Hence, the
first coupling part may be considered as resilient first coupling part. The second coupling
part may be considered as resilient second coupling part. Due to the rigidity of the base
layer, and due to the fact that the at least a part of the coupling parts will typically be
integrated with said base layer (at least in some embodiments), the resiliency of the
coupling parts will be commonly be very restricted though sufficient to allow tiles to be
coupled and uncoupled. This locked coupling, wherein both coupling parts mutually
engage in relatively reliable manner, and which commonly results in a locking effect
between two tiles both in horizontal direction and in vertical direction, will preferably be
without play, which counteracts the risk of the occurrence of creaking noises. Hereby,
it is aspired to reduce this risk by a suitable design of the profiles of the coupling parts,
such that the risk of said undesired noises is reduced even if no sliding agent is applied,
which, however, does not exclude that a sliding agent still can be applied on the
coupling parts of the tiles according to the invention. The design of the coupling parts
of the tiles, together with the rigidity of the panel, allows tiles to be coupled to an already
installed tile by means of a mutual linear displacement in vertical direction (i.e. a
direction perpendicular to a plane defined by said already installed tile) and/or by means
of a zipping action (scissoring action). Hence, the design of the coupling parts of the
tiles, together with the rigidity of the panel, leads to a system of multi-purpose tiles which
can be installed in an user-friendly and durable and reliable manner. Moreover, the
design of the coupling parts of the tiles, together with the rigidity of the panel, allows
coupled multi-purpose tiles to be uncoupled without breaking the tiles, after which the
tiles can be reused. The applied aligning edges, generally also referred to as
chamferings or guide surfaces, herein facilitate hooking together of the two coupling
parts by the substantially linear displacement of the coupling parts relative to each other.
Because both the (optional) first locking element and the (optional) second locking
element are integrally part of the respectively the upward tongue and the downward
flank, the vertical (and rotational (angular) locking effect between coupled panels can
be improved. At least a part of the coupling parts typically make integral part of the base
layer, and are therefore made of the same material as the base layer (closed cell foam
plastic material). The characteristic orientation of the side of the upward tongue facing
toward the upward flank, and the side of the downward tongue facing toward the
downward flank, provides for a locking effect between coupled tiles both in horizontal
vertical (parallel to the plane defined by the tiles) and in vertical direction (perpendicular
to the plane defined by the tiles). This is because, owing to the characteristic inclining
orientation of the tongue walls facing toward the respective flanks, the exerting of (for
instance) a vertical force on the coupling will merely lead to uncoupling of co-acting
coupling parts after a serious vertical force (perpendicular to the plane defined by the
tiles) is exerted on the second coupling part, in a direction away from the first coupling
part, which can be established, for example, by using a specific uncoupling tool typically
provided with a suction cup. The serious forces exerted to the tile(s) can be absorbed
by the tile due to the application of the rigid core layer at least partially made of closed
cell plastic foam. In addition to aforementioned inner locking mechanism, an outer
locking mechanism is preferably formed by the locking elements which co-act mutually,
and furthermore at a distance from the above mentioned (inner) tongue walls, in a
coupled position of two tiles. The combination of said inner locking mechanism and said
outer locking mechanism, positioned at a distance from said inner locking mechanism,
also leads to a locking effect in rotational direction which counteracts the tiles in coupled
condition to mutually pivot. Moreover, in case of possible failure of one of the locking
mechanisms, securing of the coupling between the two tiles will be maintained as far
as possible, this resulting in a relatively reliable coupling between the two tiles, whereby
undesirable mutual displacement or uncoupling of the tiles can still be prevented as far
as possible.
The tile according to the invention is a light-weight multi-purpose tile that can be used,
for example, as a ceiling tile, a wall tile a floor tile, or as component of a piece of
furniture. The tile can be directly bonded to a ceiling, wall or floor surface. The tile can
also be used as a ceiling tile in a suspended or hung ceiling assembly having grid
sections that support the tile. When used as a wall covering, the tile can be folded to
continuously fit within an inside comer of intersecting walls or wrap around an outside
corner. When used as a floor covering, the tile can be installed with other similar tiles in
a floating floor assembly, wherein the tiles are not bonded directly to a floor base. The
multi-purpose tile is relatively inexpensive to manufacture and does not require special
skills or training to handle and install, making it attractive for do-it-yourself individuals
who have had no previous experience installing tiles. Due to the waterproof properties
of the base layer, and preferably of the tiles as such, the tiles may be used both indoor
and outdoor. The tiles according to the invention may also be referred to as panels. The
base layer may also be referred to as core layer. The coupling parts may also be
referred to as coupling profiles.
Foam plastic materials suitable for forming the foam base layer may include
polyurethane, polyamide copolymers, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC),
polypropylene and polyethylene foamed plastics, all of which have good moulding
processability. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) foam materials are especially suitable for
forming the foam base layer because they are chemically stable, corrosion resistant,
and have excellent flame-retardant properties. Preferably, chlorinated PVC (CPVC)
and/or chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) and/or another chlorinated thermoplastic
material is/are used to further improve the hardness and rigidity of the base layers, and
of the tiles as such. The plastic material used in as foam plastic material in the base
layer is free of any plasticizer in order to increase the desired rigidity of the base layer,
which is, moreover, also favourable from an environmental point of view. Foam plastic
materials according to the invention also include foamed plastic composites and foamed
composites including plastic materials. The substantially rigid base layer of each tile is
at least partially composed of a composite comprising a closed cell foam plastic material
and at least one filler. Conventional materials, like HDF and MDF, are weaker than the
aforementioned foamed composite, and will easily lead to breakage and/or damaging.
The filler may be formed by fibres and/or may be formed by dust-like particles. Here,
the expression “dust” is understood as small dust-like particles (powder), like wood dust,
cork dust, or non-wood dust, like mineral dust, stone powder, in particular cement. The
average particle size of the dust is preferably between 14 and 20 micron, more
preferably between 16 and 18 micron.
The filler of the base layer may for instance be selected from the group consisting of: a
salt, a stearate salt, calcium stearate, and zinc stearate. Stearates have the function of
a stabilizer, and lead to a more beneficial processing temperature, and counteract
decomposition of components of the composite during processing and after processing,
which therefore provide long-term stability. Instead of or in addition to a stearate, for
example calcium zinc may also be used as stabilizer. The weight content of the
stabilizer(s) in the composite will preferably be between 1 and 5%, and more preferably
between 1.5 and 4%.
The base layer, or the composite of the base layer preferably comprises at least one
impact modifier comprising at least one alkyl methacrylates, wherein said alkyl
methacrylate is preferably chosen from the group consisting of: methyl methacrylate,
ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, t-butyl methacrylate
and isobutyl methacrylate. The impact modifier typically improves the product
performance, in particular the impact resistance. Moreover, the impact modifier typically
toughens the base layer and can therefore also be seen as toughening agent, which
further reduces the risk of breakage. Often, the modifier also facilitates the production
process, for example, in order to control the formation of the foam with a relatively
consistent (constant) foam structure. The weight content of the impact modifier in the
composite will preferably be between 1 and 9%, and more preferably between 3 and
The base layer may also at least partially be composed of a (PVC-free) thermoplastic
composition. This thermoplastic composition may comprise a polymer matrix
comprising (a) at least one ionomer and/or at least one acid copolymer; and (b) at least
one styrenic thermoplastic polymer, and, optionally, at least one filler. An ionomer is
understood as being a copolymer that comprises repeat units of electrically neutral and
ionized units. Ionized units of ionomers may be in particular carboxylic acid groups that
are partially neutralized with metal cations. Ionic groups, usually present in low amounts
(typically less than 15 mol % of constitutional units), cause micro-phase separation of
ionic domains from the continuous polymer phase and act as physical crosslinks. The
result is an ionically strengthened thermoplastic with enhanced physical properties
compared to conventional plastics.
The density of the foam base layer typically varies from about 0.1 to 1.5 grams/cm ,
preferably from about 0.2 to 1.4 grams/cm , more preferably from about 0.3 to 1.3
grams/cm , even more preferably from about 0.4 to 1.2 grams/cm , even more
preferably from about 0.5 to 1.2 grams/cm , and most preferably from about 0.6 to 1.2
grams/cm .
Preferably, the base layer comprises at least one foaming agent. The at least one
foaming agent takes care of foaming of the base layer, which will reduce the density of
the base layer. This will lead to light weight tiles, which are lighter weight in comparison
with tile which are dimensionally similar and which have a non-foamed base layer. The
preferred foaming agent depends on the (thermo)plastic material used in the base layer,
as well as on the desired foam ratio, foam structure, and preferably also the desired (or
required) foam temperature to realise the desired foam ratio and/or foam structure. To
this end, it may be advantageous to apply a plurality of foaming agents configured to
foam the base layer at different temperatures, respectively. This will allow the foamed
base layer to be realized in a more gradual, and more controller manner. Examples of
two different foaming agents which may be present (simultaneously) in the base layer
are azidicarbonamide and sodium bicarbonate. In this respect, it is often also
advantageous to apply at least one modifying agent, such as methyl methacrylate
(MMA), in order to keep the foam structure relatively consistent throughout the base
layer.
Each tile preferably comprises an upper substrate affixed to an upper side the base
layer, wherein said substrate preferably comprises a decorative layer. The upper
substrate is preferably at least partially made of at least one material selected from the
group consisting of: metals, alloys, macromolecular materials such as vinyl monomer
copolymers and/or homopolymers; condensation polymers such as polyesters,
polyamides, polyimides, epoxy resins, phenol-formaldehyde resins, urea formaldehyde
resins; natural macromolecular materials or modified derivatives thereof such as plant
fibres, animal fibres, mineral fibres, ceramic fibres and carbon fibres. Here, the vinyl
monomer copolymers and/or homo-polymers are preferably selected from the group
consisting of polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene, polymethacrylates,
polyacrylates, polyacrylamides, ABS, (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) copolymers,
polypropylene, ethylene-propylene copolymers, polyvinylidene chloride,
polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropene, and styrene-maleic
anhydride copolymers, and derivates thereof. The upper substrate most preferably
comprises polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The polyethylene can be low
density polyethylene, medium density polyethylene, high density polyethylene or ultra-
high density polyethylene. The upper substrate layer can also include filler materials
and other additives that improve the physical properties and/or chemical properties
and/or the processability of the product. These additives include known toughening
agents, plasticizing agents, reinforcing agents, anti- mildew (antiseptic) agents, flame-
retardant agents, and the like. The upper substrate typically comprises a decorative
layer and an abrasion resistant wear layer covering said decorative layer, wherein a top
surface of said wear layer is the top surface of said tile, and wherein the wear layer is a
transparent material, such that decorative layer is visible through the transparent wear
layer.
The thickness of the upper substrate typically varies from about 0.1 to 2 mm, preferably
from about 0.15 to 1.8 mm, more preferably from about 0.2 to 1.5 mm, and most
preferably from about 0.3 to 1.5 mm. The thickness ratio of the foam base layer to the
upper substrate commonly varies from about 1 to 15 : 0.1 to 2, preferably from about
1.5 to 10 : 0.1 to 1.5, more preferably from about 1.5 to 8 : 0.2 to 1.5, and most preferably
from about 2 to 8 : 0.3 to 1 ,5, respectively.
Each tile may comprise an adhesive layer to affix the upper substrate, directly or
indirectly, onto the base layer. The adhesive layer can be any well-known bonding agent
or binder capable of bonding together the upper substrate and the foam base layer, for
example polyurethanes, epoxy resins, polyacrylates, ethylene-vinyl acetate
copolymers, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymers, and the like. Preferably, the adhesive
layer is a hot-melt bonding agent.
The decorative layer or design layer, which may be part of the upper substrate as
mentioned above, can comprise any suitable known plastic material such as a known
formulation of PVC resin, stabilizer, plasticizer and other additives that are well known
in the art. The design layer can be formed with or printed with printed patterns, such as
wood grains, metal or stone design and fibrous patterns or three-dimensional figures.
Thus the design layer can provide the tile with a three dimensional appearance that
resembles heavier products such as granite, stone or metal. The thickness of the design
layer typically varies from about 0.01 to 0, 1 mm, preferably from about 0.015 to 0.08
mm, more preferably from about 0.2 to 0,7 mm, and most preferably from about 0,02 to
0,5 mm. The wear layer that typically forms the upper surface of the tile can comprise
any suitable known abrasion-resistant material, such as an abrasion-resistant
macromolecular material coated onto the laver beneath it, or a known ceramic bead
coating. If the wear layer is furnished in layer form, it can be bonded to the layer beneath
it. The wear layer can also comprise an organic polymer layer and/or inorganic material
layer, such as an ultraviolet coating or a combination of another organic polymer layer
and an ultraviolet coating. For example, an ultraviolet paint capable of improving the
surface scratch resistance, glossiness, antimicrobial resistance and other properties of
the product. Other organic polymers including polyvinyl chloride resins or other
polymers such as vinyl resins, and a suitable amount of plasticizing agent and other
processing additives can be included, as needed. The decorative layer or design layer
may also be digitally printed directly onto the core layer.
The plastic foam used in the base layer preferably has an elastic modulus of more than
700 MPa (at a temperature of 23 degrees Celsius and a relative humidity of 50%). This
will commonly sufficiently rigidity to the base layer, and hence to the tile as such.
Preferably, at a top section and/or a bottom section of the foamed base layer a crust
layer may be formed. This at least one crust layer may form integral part of the base
layer. More preferably, both the top section and the bottom section of the base layer
form a crust layer enclosing the foam structure. The crust layer is a relatively closed
(reduced porosity, preferably free of bubbles (cells)), and hence forms a relatively rigid
(sub)layer, compared to the more porous foam structure. Commonly, though not
necessary, the crust layer is formed by sealing (searing) the bottom and top surface of
the core layer. Preferably the thickness of each crust layer is between 0.01 and 1 mm,
preferably between 0.1 and 0.8 mm. Too thick crust will lead to a higher average density
of the core layer which increases both the costs and the rigidity of the core layer. The
thickness of the core layer as such is preferably between 2 and 10 mm, more preferably
between 3 and 8 mm.
Preferably, each tile comprises at least one backing layer affixed to a bottom side of the
base layer, wherein said at least one backing layer at least partially made of a flexible
material, preferably an elastomer. The thickness of the back layer is typically at least
0.1 mm and smaller than 5 mm, and more typically is smaller than 2.5mm. The backing
layer commonly provides additional robustness and impact resistances to each tile as
such, which increases the durability of the tiles. Moreover, the (flexible) backing layer
may increase the acoustic (sound-dampening) properties of the tiles. In a particular
embodiment, the base layer is composed of a plurality of separate base layer segments
affixed to said at least one backing layer, preferably such that said base layer segments
are mutually hingeable. The lightweight features of the tiles are advantageous for
obtaining a secure bond when installing the tile on vertical wall surfaces. It is also
especially easy to install the tile at vertical corners, such as at inside corners of
intersecting walls, pieces of furniture, and at outside corners, such as at entry ways. An
inside or outside comer installation is accomplished by forming a groove in the foam
base layer of the tile to facilitate bending or folding of the tile.
At least one reinforcing layer may be situated in between the base layer and the upper
substrate. This may lead to further improvement of the rigidity of the tiles as such. This
may also lead to improvement of the acoustic (sound-dampening) properties of the tiles.
The reinforcement layer may comprise a woven or non-woven fibre material, for
example a glass fibre material. They may have a thickness of 0, 2 - 0,4 mm. It is also
conceivable that each tile comprises a plurality of the (commonly thinner) base layer
stacked on top of each other, wherein at least one reinforcing layer is situated in
between two adjacent base layers.
During coupling and uncoupling the coupling parts will commonly be inclined to deform
at or in their weakest section. To this end, at least one coupling part of the first coupling
part and second coupling part preferably comprises a bridge connecting the tongue of
said coupling part to the base layer, wherein the minimum thickness of the bridge is
smaller than the minimum width of the tongue. This will force the bridge(s) rather than
the tongue itself to be slightly deformed during coupling and uncoupling, which is
commonly in favour of the durability (and shape stability) of the tongues, and hence of
the durability and reliability of the coupling realized between two panels.
A lower side (lower surface) of an upper bridge of the second coupling part defining an
upper side (upper surface) of the downward groove may be at least partially inclined,
and preferably extends downward towards the core of the panel. The upper side (upper
surface) of the upward tongue may, as well, be at least partially inclined, wherein the
inclination of this upper side of the upward tongue and the inclination of the upper bridge
of the second coupling part may be identical, though wherein it is also imaginable that
both inclinations for instance mutually enclose an angle between 0 and 5 degrees. The
inclination of the bridge part of the second coupling part creates a natural weakened
area of the bridge part, where deformation is likely to occur.
Each of the upward tongue and the downward tongue is preferably substantially rigid,
which means that the tongues are not configured to be subjected to deformation. The
tongues as such are relatively stiff and hence non-flexible. Moreover, the tongues are
preferably substantially solid, which means that the tongues are substantially massive
and thus completely filled with material and are therefore not provided with grooves at
an upper surface which would weaken the construction of the tongue and hence of the
tile connection to be realised. By applying a rigid, solid tongue a relatively firm and
durable tongue is obtained by means of which a reliable and the durable tile connection
can be realised without using separate, additional components to realise a durable
connection.
In an embodiment of the tile, at least a part of the upward flank adjoining an upper side
of the tile is adapted to make contact with at least a part of the downward tongue
adjoining an upper side of another tile in a coupled state of these tiles. Engagement of
these surfaces will lead to an increase of the effective contact surface between the
coupling parts and hence to an increase of stability and sturdiness of the connection
between two tiles. In a favourable embodiment the upper side of the tile is adapted to
engage substantially seamless to the upper side of another tile, as a result of which a
seamless connection between two tiles, and in particular the upper surfaces thereof,
can be realised.
In another embodiment the first locking element is positioned at a distance from an
upper side of the upward tongue. This is favourable, since this will commonly result in
the situation that the first locking element is positioned at a lower level than the upward
aligning edge of the tile, which has the advantage that the maximum deformation of the
second coupling part can be reduced, whereas the connection process and deformation
process can be executed in successive steps. Less deformation leads to less material
stress which is in favour of the life span of the coupling part(s) and hence of the tile(s).
In this embodiment the second locking element is complementary positioned at a
distance from an upper side of the downward groove.
In an embodiment a mutual angle enclosed by at least a part of a side of the upward
tongue facing toward the upward flank and the upward flank (and/or the normal of the
upper side of the base layer) is substantially equal to a mutual angle enclosed by at
least a part of a side of the downward tongue facing toward the downward flank and the
downward flank (and/or the normal of the lower side of the base layer). A close-fitting
connection of the two tongue parts to each other can hereby be realized, this generally
enhancing the firmness of the coupling between the two tiles. In an embodiment variant
the angle enclosed by on the one hand the direction in which at least a part of a side of
the upward tongue facing toward the upward flank extends and on the other the upward
flank and/or the normal of the upper side of the base layer lies between 0 and 60
degrees, in particular between 0 and 45 degrees, more particularly between 0 and 10
degrees. In another embodiment variant the angle enclosed by on the one hand the
direction in which at least a part of a side of the downward tongue facing toward the
downward flank extends and on the other hand the downward flank and/or the normal
of the lower side of the base layer lies between 0 and 60 degrees, in particular between
0 and 45 degrees, more particularly between 0 and 10 degrees. The eventual inclination
of the tongue side facing toward the flank usually also depends on the production means
applied to manufacture the tile. In an embodiment inclination of the downward aligned
edge is less than the inclination of at least an upper part of the upward flank, as result
of which an expansion chamber will be formed between both surface which will be
favourable to allow play and to compensate expansion, e.g. due to moist absorption by
the tiles.
In a variant at least a part of an upper side of the upward tongue extends in a direction
toward the normal of the upper side of the base layer. This has the result that the
thickness of the upward tongue decreases in the direction of the side of the tongue
facing away from the upward flank. By having the downward groove substantially
connect to the upper side of the upward tongue, in a coupled position of two tiles
according to the invention wherein an upper side of the downward groove extends in
the direction of the normal of the lower side of the base layer, a second coupling part
can be provided which is on the one hand relatively strong and solid and can on the
other guarantee sufficient resilience to enable a coupling to be realized to a first coupling
part of an adjacent tile.
The aligning edges are formed by a flat surface so as to allow guiding of another
coupling part during the process of coupling two tiles to proceed be generally in as
controlled a manner as possible. Application of a rounded aligning edge is, however,
also imaginable. In another embodiment variant at least a part of the aligning edge of
the second coupling part has a substantially flatter orientation than at least a part of the
upward flank of the first coupling part. By applying this measure there is generally
created in a coupled position an air gap between the aligning edge of the second
coupling part and a flank of the first coupling part. This clearance intentionally created
between the two coupling parts is usually advantageous during coupling of adjacent
tiles, since this clearance does not prevent a temporary deformation of the coupling
parts, this facilitating coupling of the coupling parts. Furthermore, the created clearance
is advantageous for the purpose of absorbing expansion of the tile, for instance resulting
from environmental temperature changes.
In an embodiment variant a part of the upward flank of the first coupling part connecting
to the base layer forms a stop surface for at least a part of the side of the downward
tongue facing away from the downward flank. In this way a close fitting of at least the
upper side of the tiles can be realized, this usually being advantageous from a user
viewpoint. A part of the upward flank of the first coupling part connecting to the base
layer is here preferably oriented substantially vertically. At least a part of the side of the
downward tongue facing away from the downward flank is here also preferably oriented
substantially vertically. Applying substantially vertical stop surfaces in both coupling
parts has the advantage that in the coupled position the coupling parts can connect to
each other in relatively close-fitting and firm manner.
It is generally advantageous for the upward groove to be adapted to receive with
clamping fit a downward tongue of an adjacent tile. Receiving the upward groove, or at
least a part thereof, with clamping fit in the downward tongue has the advantage that
the downward tongue is enclosed relatively close-fittingly by the upward groove, this
usually enhancing the firmness of the coupled construction. The same applies for the
embodiment variant in which the downward groove is adapted to receive with clamping
fit an upward tongue of an adjacent tile.
In an embodiment variant the upward flank and the downward flank extend in a
substantially parallel direction. This makes it possible to connect the flanks, as well as
the locking elements, relatively closely to each other in a coupled position, this generally
enhancing the locking effect realized by the locking elements.
In another embodiment variant the first locking element comprises at least one outward
bulge, and the second locking element comprises at least one recess, which outward
bulge is adapted to be at least partially received in a recess of an adjacent coupled tile
for the purpose of realizing a locked coupling. This embodiment variant is generally
advantageous from a production engineering viewpoint. The first locking element and
the second locking element preferably take a complementary form, whereby a form-
fitting connection of the locking elements of adjacent tiles to each other will be realized,
this enhancing the effectiveness of the locking. Alternatively, the second locking
element comprises at least one outward bulge, and the first locking element comprises
at least one recess, which outward bulge is adapted to be at least partially received in
a recess of an adjacent coupled tile for the purpose of realizing a locked coupling. It is
also conceivable that, in an embodiment not forming part of the present invention, the
first and second locking elements are not formed by a bulge-recess combination, but
by another combination of co-acting profiled surfaces and/or high-friction contact
surfaces. In this latter embodiment, the first locking element and/or the second locking
element may be formed by a (flat of otherwise shaped) contact surface composed of a,
optionally separate, plastic material configured to generate friction with the other locking
element of another tile in engaged (coupled) condition. Examples of plastics suitable to
generate friction include:
- Acetal (POM), being rigid and strong with good creep resistance. It has a low
coefficient of friction, remains stable at high temperatures, and offers good
resistance to hot water;
- Nylon (PA), which absorbs more moisture than most polymers, wherein the impact
strength and general energy absorbing qualities actually improve as it absorbs
moisture. Nylons also have a low coefficient of friction, good electrical properties,
and good chemical resistance;
- Polyphthalamide (PPA). This high performance nylon has through improved
temperature resistance and lower moisture absorption. It also has good chemical
resistance;
- Polyetheretherketone (PEEK), being a high temperature thermoplastic with good
chemical and flame resistance combined with high strength. PEEK is a favorite
in the aerospace industry;
- Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), offering a balance of properties including chemical
and high-temperature resistance, flame retardance, flowability, dimensional
stability, and good electrical properties;
- Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), which is dimensionally stable and has high heat
and chemical resistance with good electrical properties;
- Thermoplastic polyimide (TPI) being inherently flame retardant with good physical,
chemical, and wear-resistance properties.
- Polycarbonate (PC), having good impact strength, high heat resistance, and good
dimensional stability. PC also has good electrical properties and is stable in
water and mineral or organic acids; and
- Polyetherimide (PEI), maintaining strength and rigidity at elevated temperatures.
It also has good long-term heat resistance, dimensional stability, inherent flame
retardance, and resistance to hydrocarbons, alcohols, and halogenated
solvents.
The performance of many of the above polymers can also be enhanced using certain
additives which reduce fiction (if desired). The high-friction polymer material may, for
example, be applied as a (separate) material strip. Application of this high-friction
polymer material allows the distant side (outer side) of the upward tongue and the
downward flank to have a substantially flat design.
In an embodiment of the tile according to the invention the first locking element is
positioned at a distance from an upper side of the upward tongue. Positioning the first
locking element at a distance from the upper side of the upward tongue has a number
of advantages. A first advantage is that this positioning of the first locking element can
facilitate the coupling between adjacent tiles, since the first locking element will be
positioned lower than (a lower part of) the aligning edge of the upward tongue, whereby
the coupling between two coupling parts can be performed in stages. During the
coupling process the tongue sides facing toward the associated flanks will first engage
each other, after which the locking elements engage each other, this generally requiring
a less great maximum pivoting (amplitude), and thereby deformation of a second
coupling part of an adjacent tile, than if the first aligning edge and the first locking
element were to be located at more or less the same height. A further advantage of
positioning the first locking element at a distance from an upper side of the upward
tongue is that the distance to the resilient connection between each coupling part and
the base layer, generally formed by the resilient bridge of each coupling part, is
increased, whereby a torque exerted on the coupling parts can be compensated
relatively quickly by the locking elements, which can further enhance the reliability of
the locking. In case the first locking element and second locking element would not be
applied, it may be favourable that side of the upward tongue facing away from the
upward flank is positioned at a distance from the downward flank in coupled condition
of adjacent tiles.
In a preferred embodiment, a side of the downward tongue facing away from the
downward flank is provided with a third locking element, and wherein the upward flank
is provided with a fourth locking element, said third locking element being adapted to
cooperate with a fourth locking element of another tile. This would result in an additional
inner locking mechanism, which could further improve the stability and reliability of the
coupling. Also in this embodiment, the third (or fourth) locking element may be formed
by one or more bulges, wherein the fourth (or third) locking element may be formed by
one of more complementary recesses adapted to co-act with said bulges in coupled
condition of adjacent tiles. It is imaginable that shortest distance between an upper
edge of the downward tongue and a lower side of the base layer defines a plane,
wherein the third locking element and at least a part of the downward tongue are
situated at opposite sides of said plane. In this case, the third locking element protrudes
with respect to the tile edge defined by an upper section or upper surface of the tile.
Here, the third locking element may protrude into an adjacent tile in a coupled condition
which may further improve the tile coupling. It is advantageous in case the minimum
distance between said locking surface and an upper side of the tile is smaller than the
minimum distance between an upper side of the upward tongue and said upper side of
the tile. This will reduce the maximum deformation of the second (or fist) coupling part,
whereas the connection process and deformation process can be executed in
successive steps. Less deformation leads to less material stress which is in favour of
the life span of the coupling part(s) and hence of the tile(s).
Each tile to be used in the system according to the invention comprises one or more
first coupling parts, one or more second coupling parts, and/or a combination of at least
one first coupling part and at least one second coupling part. It is conceivable that one
or more (remaining) edges of a tile is/are provided with an alternative coupling part,
such as a conventional angling down profile, as for example disclosed in US4,426,820,
the content of which is incorporated in this document by reference. Such an angling
down profile typically comprises a first edge (third coupling part) comprising a sideward
tongue extending in a direction substantially parallel to the upper side of the panel, the
bottom front region of said sideward tongue being rounded at least partly, the bottom
back region of said tongue being configured as bearing region, wherein the bottom back
region is located closer to the level of the upper side of the panel than a lowest part of
the bottom front region, and an opposite, second edge (fourth coupling part) comprising
a recess for accommodating at least a part of the sideward tongue of a further panel,
said recess being defined by an upper lip and a lower lip, said lower lip being provided
with a upwardly protruding shoulder for supporting the bearing region of the sideward
tongue, the sideward tongue being designed such that locking takes place by an
introduction movement into the recess of the sideward tongue a further panel and a
angling down movement about an axis parallel to the first edge, as a result of which a
top side of the sideward tongue will engage the upper lip and the bearing region of the
sideward tongue will be supported by and/or facing the shoulder of the lower lip, leading
to locking of adjacent panels at the first and second edges in both horizontal direction
and vertical direction.
In an embodiment a plurality of sides (or edges) of the tile comprise a first coupling part,
and a plurality of sides of the tile comprise a second coupling part, wherein each first
coupling part and each second coupling part lie on opposite sides of the tile. In this way
each side of the tile can be provided with a coupling part, this increasing the coupling
options of the tile. By positioning the first coupling part and the second coupling part on
opposite sides it will be relatively simple for a user to lay a floor formed by tiles according
to the invention, since each tile can be formed in the same way. Adjacent edges of a
tile may be provided with different types coupling parts.
The invention also relates to a tile covering, in particular a floor covering, consisting of
mutually coupled tiles according to the multi-purpose tile system. The invention also
relates to a tile for use in multi-purpose tile system according to the invention.
The invention will be elucidated on the basis of non-limitative exemplary embodiments
shown in the following figures.
Brief Description of the Drawings
figure 1 schematically a transverse side view of a first embodiment of a floor tile
according to the invention;
figure 2a a schematic representation of coupling parts of a second embodiment of a
floor tile according to the invention;
figure 2b a schematic representation of a coupled position of two floor tiles comprising
coupling parts as shown in figure 2a;
figure 3a a schematic representation of coupling parts of a third embodiment of a floor
tile according to the invention;
figure 3b a schematic representation of a coupled position of two floor tiles comprising
coupling parts as shown in figure 3a;
figure 4a a schematic representation of coupling parts of a fourth embodiment of a floor
tile according to the invention;
figure 4b a schematic representation of a coupled position of two floor tiles comprising
coupling parts as shown in figure 4a;
figure 5 schematically a side view of the laminate details of a possible embodiment of a
floor tile according to the invention;
figure 6 a perspective view of the laminate details of a further possible embodiment of
a floor tile according to the invention;
figure 7a schematic top view of a floor tile in a first possible arrangement;
figure 7b a schematic top view of a floor tile in a second possible arrangement;
figure 7c a schematic top view of a second embodiment of the floor tile with the
arrangement shown in figure 7b;
figure 7d a schematic top view of first configuration of a tile system comprising a plurality
of floor tiles as shown in figures 7a-c;
figure 7e a schematic top view of a second configuration of a tile system comprising a
plurality of floor tiles as shown in figures 7a-b;
figure 7f schematic a top view of a third configuration of a tile system comprising a
plurality of floor tiles as shown in figures 7a-b;
figure 7g a schematic top view of a fourth configuration of a tile system comprising a
plurality of floor tiles as shown in figures 7a-b;
figure 7h a top view of a fifth configuration of a tile system comprising a plurality of floor
tiles as shown in figures 7a-b; and
figure 8 a schematic representation of a fifth embodiment of a floor tile according to the
invention.
Description of Embodiment(s) of the Invention
Figure 1 shows a side view of a rectangular multi-purpose floor tile 101 according to the
invention. Floor tile 101 comprises a rigid base layer 102 which is at least partially made
of a closed cell foam plastic material, provided with a toughening agent, provided with
an upper side 102a and a lower side 102b, and coupling parts 103, 104 positioned on
opposite (longitudinal) sides of rigid base layer 102 and connected integrally to rigid
base layer 102. A first coupling part 103 comprises an upward tongue 105, an upward
flank 106 and an upward groove 109 formed between upward tongue 105 and upward
flank 106. A side 105a of upward tongue 105 facing toward upward flank 106 extends
in the direction of the normal N1 of the upper side 102a of rigid base layer 102. The
tangent R1 and the normal N1 of upper side 102a of rigid base layer 102 are thus
directed toward each other (converging orientation), wherein the angle enclosed by R1
and N1 amounts to 0-10, in particular about 3 - 5 degrees. Another side 105b of upward
tongue 105 facing toward upward flank 106 forms an aligning edge enabling facilitated
realization of a coupling to an adjacent floor tile. As shown, this side 105b functioning
as aligning edge is directed away from the normal N1 of upper side 102a of the rigid
base layer. An upper side 105d of upward tongue 105 does however extend in the
direction of the normal N1 of upper side 102a of rigid base layer 102, and runs inclining
downward in the direction of the side 105e of upward tongue 105 facing away from
upward flank 106. This chamfering provides the option of giving the complementary
second coupling part 104 a more robust and therefore stronger form. The side 105e of
upward tongue 105 facing away from upward flank 106 is oriented substantially
vertically and is moreover provided with a first locking element 107 in the form of an
outward bulge 107. A lower part 106a of upward flank 106 is oriented diagonally, while
an upper part 106b of upward flank 106 is shown to be substantially vertical and forms
a stop surface for second coupling part 104. A lower wall part 109a of upward groove
109 is oriented substantially horizontally in this exemplary embodiment. A bridge 108
lying between lower wall part 109a of upward groove 109 and a lower side 103a has a
somewhat elastic nature and is adapted to allow upward tongue 105 to pivot relative to
upward flank 106, this resulting in a (temporary) widening of upward groove 109,
whereby coupling of floor tile 101 to an adjacent floor tile can be facilitated. Second
coupling part 104 is substantially complementary to first coupling part 103. Second
coupling part 104 comprises a downward tongue 110, a downward flank 111 and a
downward groove 112 formed between downward tongue 110 and downward flank 111.
A side 110a of downward tongue 110 facing toward downward flank 111 lies in the
direction of the normal N2 of the lower side 102b of rigid base layer 102. This means
that a tangent R2 of side 110a of downward tongue 110 and the normal of the lower
side 102b of rigid base layer 102 are mutually converging. In this exemplary
embodiment the tangent R2 and the normal N2 enclose a mutual angle of 5 degrees. A
side 110b facing away from downward flank 111 is diagonally oriented, but has a flatter
orientation than the complementary side 106a of upward flank 106, whereby a gap (air
space) will be formed in the coupled position, which will generally facilitate coupling
between two floor tiles 101. The inclining side 110b of downward tongue 110 also
functions as aligning edge for the purpose of further facilitating coupling between two
floor tiles 101. Another side 110c facing away from downward flank 111 takes a
substantially vertical form and forms a complementary stop surface for stop surface
106b of upward flank 106 (of an adjacent floor tile). Downward tongue 110 is further
provided with a side 110d which is facing toward downward flank 111 and which
functions as aligning edge for first coupling part 103 of an adjacent floor tile. Because
upper side 105d of upward tongue 105 has an inclining orientation, an upper side 112a
of downward groove 112 likewise has an inclining orientation, whereby the (average)
distance between upper side 112a of downward groove 112 and an upper side 104a of
second coupling part 104 is sufficiently large to impart sufficient strength to second
coupling part 104 as such. Downward flank 111 is oriented substantially vertically and
is provided with a second locking element 113 in the form of a recess 113 adapted to
receive the outward bulge 107 of upward tongue 105 (of an adjacent floor tile).
A bridge 114 lying between upper side 112a of downward groove 112 and upper side
104a has a somewhat elastic nature and is adapted to allow downward tongue 110 to
pivot relative to downward flank 111, this resulting in a (temporary) widening of
downward groove 112, whereby coupling of floor tile 101 to an adjacent floor tile can be
facilitated (not shown). The shown floor tile 101 can be part of a multi-purpose tile
system according to the invention.
Figure 2a shows a schematic representation of coupling parts 203, 204 of a second
embodiment of a floor tile 201 according to the invention. Figure 2b shows a schematic
representation of the coupled position of two floor tiles 201a, 201b comprising coupling
parts 203, 204 as shown in figure 2a.
The first coupling part 203 and the second coupling part 204 have equal functionalities
as the first and second coupling parts shown in figure 1. The first coupling part 203
comprises an upward tongue 205, an upward flank 206 lying at a distance from the
upward tongue 205 and an upward groove 209 formed between the upward tongue 205
and the upward flank 206. The second coupling part 204 comprises a downward tongue
210, a downward flank 211 lying at a distance from the downward tongue 210, and a
downward groove 212 formed between the downward tongue 210 and the downward
flank 211. A side 210b facing away from the downward flank 211 is diagonally oriented.
The side 210b has a substantially straight design, where the complementary side 206a
of the upward flank 206 has a rounded design. An air gap 230 is formed in the coupled
position shown in figure 2b.
The first coupling part 203 comprises a first locking element 207 which is adapted for
co-action with a second locking element 213 which is provided in the flank 211 of the
second coupling part 204.
The difference between the embodiment shown in figures 2a-b and figure 1 is that the
tongues 205, 210, flanks 206, 211 and grooves 209, 212 have a substantially rounded
design.
Figure 3a shows a schematic representation of coupling parts 303, 304 of a third
embodiment of a floor tile 301 according to the invention. Figure 3b shows a coupled
position of two floor tiles 301a, 301b comprising coupling parts 303, 304 as shown in
figure 3a. The air gap 330 formed between a side 310b of the downward tongue and
the complementary side 306a of the upward flank 206 is substantially smaller than the
air gap shown in the embodiment of figure 2b.
Figure 4a shows a schematic representation of coupling parts 403, 404 of a fourth
embodiment of a floor tile 401 according to the invention. Figure 4b shows a schematic
representation of the coupled position of two floor tiles 401a, 401b comprising coupling
parts 403, 404 as shown in figure 4a. The floor tile 401 comprises a rigid base layer 402
which is at least partially made of a closed cell foam plastic material. The tile 401
comprises a third locking element 440 and a complementary fourth locking element 441.
A side 410b of the downward tongue 410 facing away from the downward flank 411 is
provided with the third locking element 440. The upward flank 406 of the first coupling
part 403 is provided with the fourth locking element 441. The third locking element 440
is adapted to cooperate with the fourth locking element 441 of another tile, as shown in
figure 4b. Figure 4a shows the co-action between the third locking element 440 and the
fourth locking element 441 in coupled condition of two tiles 401a, 401b. The co-action
defines a tangent T1 which encloses an angle A1 with a plane defined by the tile 401,
which angle A1 is smaller than an angle A2 enclosed by said plane defined by the tile
401 and a tangent T2 defined by a co-action between an inclined part of a side of the
upward tongue 405 facing toward the upward flank 406 and an inclined part of a side
410a of the downward tongue 410 facing toward the downward flank 411. The greatest
difference between angle A1 and angle A2 is situated between 5 and 10 degrees. The
third locking element 440 comprises a locking surface 443 having a distal end 442 which
is distally located from a plane 450 defined by an upper side 406a of the upward flank
406 and a side 410d of the downward tongue 410 facing away from the downward flank
411, in a coupled condition.
The distance between said locking surface 443 and an upper side 402a of the tile 401
is smaller than the distance between an upper side 405a of the upward tongue 405 and
said upper side 402a of the tile 401. Figure 4b shows that a side 405e of the upward
tongue 405 facing away from the upward flank 406 is positioned at a distance from the
downward flank 411. A first air gap 430a is formed between the upward tongue 405 and
the downward flank 411. A second air gap 430b is formed between the upward groove
409 and the downward tongue 410. The downward tongue 410 is in contact with a
support surface 431 of the upward groove 409. A third air gap 430c is formed between
the side 410b of the downward tongue 410 facing away from the downward flank 411
and the upward flank 406.
The bottom of the floor tile 401 comprises a bottom recess 432 which extends from
point X to the end side 405e of the upward tongue 405. Preferably, the starting point X
of the bottom recess 432 is at a distance d from a side 405b of the upward tongue 405
facing towards the upward flank 406.
Figure 5 show a side view of the laminate details of a possible embodiment of a floor
tile 501 according to the invention. The floor tile 501 comprises a rigid foam base layer
502 formed of a poly-foam or foamed plastic material having a lower side or bottom
foam surface 502b and an upper side 502a. The floor tile 501 further comprises an
upper substrate layer 520, formed of a non-foam plastic or metallic material and has a
lower surface 520b and an upper surface 520a. The upper substrate layer 520 is
provided over the upper foam surface 502a of the rigid base layer 502. An adhesive
521, which can be a layer or coating, is provided between the upper surface 502a of
the rigid base layer 502 and the lower surface 520b of the upper substrate layer 520 to
join the upper substrate layer 520 and the rigid base layer 502 together. The floor tile
501 can possibly include a design pattern or a decorative appearance of any selected
type on or at the upper surface 520a of the substrate layer 520. The design pattern can
be a wood grain design, a mineral grain design that resembles marble, granite or any
other natural stone grain, or a colour pattern, colour blend or single colour to name just
a few design possibilities. The decoration or design pattern can be printed onto or
otherwise applied to the upper surface 520a of the upper substrate layer 520, but is
preferably provided on a separate printing film or design layer 522 of any suitable known
plastic material. The design layer 522 is covered by a transparent or semi-transparent
abrasion resistant wear layer 523 of known material and fabrication through which the
design layer 522 can be viewed. The top of the wear layer 523 is the top surface of the
floor tile 501. The floor tile 501 can be provided with any of the coupling elements shown
in the previous figures.
The upper substrate layer 520, the design layer 522 and the wear layer 523 can be
initially laminated together to form an upper substrate laminate subassembly 524. The
laminate subassembly 524 and the foam base layer 502 can then be laminated together
to form the tile 501.
Figure 6 shows a perspective view of the laminate details of a further possible
embodiment of a floor tile 601 according to the invention, wherein the layers of the
laminate are shown separated partially. The floor tile 601 is provided with coupling parts
603 at the edge portions of the tile 601. This can be any suitable coupling part 603, for
example the coupling parts shown in figures 1-4. The floor tile 601 comprises a
substantially rigid base layer 602 which is at least partially made of closed cell foam
polyvinyl chloride material, for example polyvinyl chloride comprising sodium carbonate
filler. The floor tile 601 further comprises an upper substrate layer 620, or reinforcing
layer 620, affixed to the upper side of the base layer 602. In the shown embodiment,
the reinforcing layer 620 is at least partially made of polyvinyl chloride resin comprising
a plasticizer and a carbonate filler. The reinforcing layer 620 enhances the durability of
the floor tile 601 and provides resistance against scratches and other small damages.
A design layer 622 is provided on top of the reinforcing layer 620. The design layer 622
is preferably a thermoplastic film layer. The design layer 622 is covered by a transparent
or semi-transparent abrasion resistant wear layer 623 through which the design layer
622 can be viewed. The wear layer 623 is a protection layer and is preferably at least
partially made of a polyvinyl chloride resin comprising a DOTP plasticizer and calcium
and zinc stearate. The top surface of the floor tile 601 comprises a ceramic bead
polymer layer 626. The ceramic bead polymer layer 626 forms a protective overlay 626
due to its wear resistance and corrosion and erosion resistance. The floor tile 601
further comprises a backing layer 625. The backing layer 625 preferably has good
sound damping properties. The backing layer 625 is preferably shock-absorbing. The
floor tile 601 is fully waterproof and has a very good moisture stability. The possible
embodiment of figure 6 may comprise all of the abovementioned layers, or any number
of the mentioned layers in combination. For instance, the ceramic bead polymer layer
626 may optionally be omitted.
Figures 7a-7h are merely illustrative and are not directed to embodiments according to
the present invention.
Figure 7a shows a top view of a schematic representation of a floor tile A in a first
possible arrangement. The floor tile A comprises a plurality of first coupling parts G3L
provided at a first edge portion A1 of the tile A and at a second edge portion A2. The
floor tile A comprises a plurality of second coupling parts T3L provided at a third edge
portion A3, opposite of first edge portion A1, and at a fourth edge portion A4. The first
coupling parts G3L can be any type of first coupling part G3L comprising a, preferably
single, upward tongue, at least one upward flank lying at a distance from the upward
tongue and a single upward groove formed between the upward tongue and the upward
flank, according to the invention. The second coupling parts T3L can be any type of
second coupling part comprising a, preferably single, downward tongue, at least one
downward flank lying at a distance from the downward tongue, and a single downward
groove formed between the downward tongue and the downward flank, according to
the invention. Tile A has a substantially rectangular design.
Figure 7b shows a top view of a schematic representation of a floor tile B in a second
possible arrangement. The floor tile B is a mirror image of the floor tile A shown in figure
7a. The floor tile B comprises a plurality of first coupling parts G3L provided at a third
edge portion B3 of the tile B and at a second edge portion B2. The floor tile B comprises
a plurality of second coupling parts T3L provided at a first edge portion B1 and at a
fourth edge portion B4. Tile B has a substantially rectangular design.
Figure 7c shows a top view of a second embodiment of a floor tile C, which has a similar
arrangement as the floor tile B shown in figure 7b. However the size of tile C differs from
the size of tile B. Tile C has a substantially square design.
Due to the specific arrangement of first coupling parts G3L and second coupling parts
T3L, it is possible to create a wide range of possible configurations of tile systems
according to the invention. Figures 7d-h show examples of possible embodiments of
configurations of floor tile systems consisting of mutually coupled tiles A and B and/or
C. The tiles A, B, C are configured to co-act in such manner that coupled tiles are
substantially locked both in a direction parallel to the plane defined by the tiles as well
as in a direction perpendicular to said place defined by the tiles. Tiles with
corresponding reference numbers are identical.
Figure 7d shows a top view of a schematic representation of a first configuration of a
tile system 700d, comprising a plurality of floor tiles A, B, C as shown in figures 7a-c.
Each substantially square tile C is coupled with multiple substantially rectangular tiles
A, B. The tiles can possibly include a design pattern or a decorative appearance at the
upper surface of the tile. The design of the tiles can for example be chosen such that
the rectangular tiles A, B have a different design than the square tiles C. The tile system
700d shows that the rectangular tiles A, B may for instance form a grout frame around
the square tiles C.
Figure 7e shows a top view of a schematic representation of a second configuration of
a tile system 700e, comprising a plurality of floor tiles A, B as shown in figures 7a-b.
The first edge portions A1 and the third edge portions A3 of each vertical oriented floor
tile A are connected with a plurality of horizontal oriented floor tiles B.
Figure 7f shows a top view of a schematic representation of a third configuration of a
tile system 700f, comprising a plurality of floor tiles A, B as shown in figures 7a-b. The
figure shows a herringbone structure.
Figure 7g shows a top view of a schematic representation of a fourth configuration of a
tile system 700g comprising a plurality of floor tiles A, B as shown in figures 7a-b. A
plurality of series of six A-type floor tiles is connected to a plurality of series of six
perpendicular oriented B-type floor tiles, thereby forming a chessboard pattern.
Figure 7h shows a top view of a schematic representation of a fifth possible
configuration of a tile system 700h comprising a plurality of floor tiles A, B as shown in
figures 7a-b.
Figure 8 shows a schematic representation of a floor tile 801 comprising a plurality of
grooves 860a, 860b. The floor tile 801 comprises a substantially rigid base layer 802
and an upper substrate layer 820. The grooves 860a, 860b are V-shaped grooves which
are located in the base layer 802. The grooves facilitate bending and/or folding of the
tile 801 at inside and outside corners of intersecting support surfaces of a tile (not
shown). The grooves 860a, 860b can be positioned at any preferred location of the tile
801. The shape of the grooves 860a, 860b can be of any preferred design, however the
depth of the grooves 860a, 860b should not extend past the upper surface of the rigid
base layer 802. In the shown embodiment the floor tile 801 comprises a first coupling
part 803 and a second coupling part 804, which are equal to the coupling parts shown
in figure 1.
Although the figures disclose various embodiments according to the invention, the
features of the embodiments may be combined where appropriate, all falling within the
intended scope of the invention. One could for instance imaging the use of various
coupling parts in the tile systems or interchange the coupling parts between the different
embodiments. One could also image to omit the application of a substantially rigid base
layer at least partially made of a closed cell foam plastic material; instead, another type
of, preferably rigid, base layer could be used in each tile, which alternative base layer
may be made, for example, of at least one material selected from the group consisting
of: MDF, HDF, synthetic material, such as a thermoplastic like polyvinyl chloride (PVC),
a composite material, in particular a dust-(thermo)plastic-composite, a non-foamed
plastic material, a mineral material and/or a thermoplastic material which is enriched
with one or more additives. Here, the expression “dust” is understood is small dust-like
particles (powder), like wood dust, cork dust, or non-wood dust, like mineral dust, stone
powder, in particular cement. By combining bamboo dust, wood dust, or cork dust, or
combination thereof, with for example high density polyethylene (HDPE), or
polyvinylchloride (virgin, recycled, or a mixture thereof), a rigid and inert core is provided
that does not absorb moisture and does not expand or contract, resulting in peaks and
gaps. Although tile commonly has a laminated structure (multi-layer structure), the tile
according to the invention may also be formed by a single layer tile.
Hence, the above-described inventive concepts are illustrated by several illustrative
embodiments. It is conceivable that individual inventive concepts may be applied
without, in so doing, also applying other details of the described example. It is not
necessary to elaborate on examples of all conceivable combinations of the above-
described inventive concepts, as a person skilled in the art will understand numerous
inventive concepts can be (re)combined in order to arrive at a specific application.
It will be apparent that the invention is not limited to the working examples shown and
described herein, but that numerous variants are possible within the scope of the
attached claims that will be obvious to a person skilled in the art.
The verb “comprise” and conjugations thereof used in this patent publication are
understood to mean not only “comprise”, but are also understood to mean the phrases
“contain”, “substantially consist of”, “formed by” and conjugations thereof.
Claims (33)
1. A multi-purpose tile system, in particular a floor tile system, comprising a plurality of multi-purpose tiles, in particular floor tiles, the tile system comprising first coupling 5 parts and at least one second coupling part, and each tile comprising: - a substantially rigid base layer, - at least one first coupling part and/or at least one second coupling part provided at different edges of the tile, in particular the base layer, ○ which first coupling part comprises a, preferably single, upward tongue, at 10 least one upward flank lying at a distance from the upward tongue and a single upward groove formed between the upward tongue and the upward flank, wherein: ■ at least a part of a side of the upward tongue facing toward the upward flank is inclined toward the upward flank, 15 ■ at least an inclined flat or rounded surface of the upward tongue facing toward the upward flank forms an upward aligning edge for the purpose of coupling the first coupling part to a second coupling part of an adjacent tile, ■ at least a part of a side of the upward tongue facing away from the 20 upward flank is provided with a first locking element which is adapted for co-action with a second locking element of a second coupling part of an adjacent tile, ○ which second coupling part comprises a, preferably single, downward tongue, at least one downward flank lying at a distance from the downward 25 tongue, and a single downward groove formed between the downward tongue and the downward flank, wherein: ■ at least a part of a side of the downward tongue facing toward the downward flank is inclined toward the downward flank, ■ at least an inclined flat or rounded surface of the downward tongue 30 facing away from the downward flank forms a downward aligning edge for the purpose of coupling the second coupling part to a first coupling part of an adjacent tile, ■ the downward flank is provided with a second locking element which is connected substantially rigidly to the downward flank and adapted for co-action with a first locking element of a first coupling part of an adjacent tile, said first and second locking elements being formed by a bulge-recess combination; 5 wherein the upward groove is adapted to receive at least a part of a downward tongue of an adjacent tile, and wherein the downward groove is adapted to receive at least a part of an upward tongue of an adjacent tile, wherein the substantially rigid base layer is at least partially made of a composite comprising a closed cell foam plastic material and at least one filler, provided with a 10 toughening agent, wherein the plastic material of the closed cell foam plastic material of the base layer is free of plasticizer, wherein the base layer contains 3% to 9% by weight of said toughening agent, wherein said at least one filler is selected from the group consisting of: talc, chalk, wood, calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, calcined clay, porcelain, a mineral filler, and a natural filler, 15 and wherein the weight content of filler in the foamed composite of the base layer is between 40 and 48%.
2. A tile system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the substantially rigid base layer is at 20 least partially made of a closed cell foam PVC material.
3. A tile system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the base layer of foam plastic material has a density in the range of about 0.1 to 1.5 g/cm . 25
4. A tile system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein, each tile comprises an upper substrate affixed to an upper side of the base layer, wherein said substrate preferably comprises a decorative layer.
5. A tile system as claimed in claim 4, wherein the upper substrate is at least partially 30 made of at least one material selected from the group consisting of: metals, alloys, macromolecular materials such as vinyl monomer copolymers and/or homopolymers; condensation polymers such as polyesters, polyamides, polyimides, epoxy resins, phenol-formaldehyde resins, urea formaldehyde resins; natural macromolecular materials or modified derivatives thereof such as plant fibres, animal fibres, mineral fibres, ceramic fibres and carbon fibres.
6. A tile system as claimed in in claim 5, wherein the vinyl monomer copolymers 5 and/or homo-polymers are selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polymethacrylates, polyacrylates, polyacrylamides, ABS, (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) copolymers, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene copolymers, polyvinylidene chloride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropene, and styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers.
7. A tile system as claimed in any one of claims 4-6, wherein the upper substrate comprises a decorative layer and an abrasion resistant wear layer covering said decorative layer, wherein a top surface of said wear layer is the top surface of said tile, and wherein the wear layer is a transparent material, such that the decorative layer is 15 visible through the transparent wear layer.
8. A tile system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the closed cell foam plastic material of the base layer has an elastic modulus of more than 700 MPa.
9. A tile system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein a top section and/or a bottom section of the base layer forms a crust layer having a porosity which is less than the porosity of the closed cell foam plastic material of the base layer, wherein the thickness of each crust layer is between 0.01 and 1 mm, preferably between 0.1 25 and 0.8 mm.
10. A tile system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein each tile comprises at least one backing layer affixed to a bottom side of the base layer, wherein said at least one backing layer is at least partially made of a flexible material, preferably 30 an elastomer.
11. A tile system as claimed in claim 10, wherein the thickness of the backing layer is at least 0.5 mm.
12. A tile system as claimed in claims 10 or 11, wherein the base layer is composed of a plurality of separate base layer segments affixed to said at least one backing layer, preferably such that said base layer segments are mutually hingeable. 5
13. A tile system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein each tile comprises at least one reinforcing layer, wherein the density of the reinforcing layer is preferably situated between 1000 and 2000 kg/m , preferably between 1400- and 1900 kg/m3, and more preferably between 1400-1700 kg/m . 10
14. A tile system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least a part of the first coupling part and/or at least a part of second coupling part of each tile is integrally connected to the base layer.
15. A tile system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first 15 coupling part and/or the second coupling part allows deformation during coupling and uncoupling.
16. A tile system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one coupling part of the first coupling part and second coupling part comprises a bridge 20 connecting the tongue of said coupling part to the base layer, wherein the minimum thickness of the bridge is smaller than the minimum width of the tongue.
17. A tile system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second coupling part comprises an upper bridge connecting the downward tongue to the base 25 layer, wherein the upper bridge is configured to deform during coupling of adjacent panels, to widen the downward groove, and wherein, preferably, a lower side of the upper bridge of the second coupling part is at least partially inclined.
18. A tile system according to claim 17, wherein the upper side of the upward tongue 30 is at least partially inclined, wherein the inclination of the upper side of the upward tongue and the inclination of the bridge part of the second coupling part are substantially similar, wherein both inclinations for instance mutually enclose an angle between 0 and 5 degrees.
19. A tile system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least a part of the upward flank adjoining an upper side of the tile is adapted to make contact with at least a part of the downward tongue adjoining an upper side of another tile in a coupled state of these tiles.
20. A tile system as claimed in claim 19, wherein the upper side of the tile is adapted to engage substantially seamlessly to the upper side of another tile.
21. A tile system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first 10 locking element is positioned at a distance from an upper side of the upward tongue.
22. A tile system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second locking element is positioned at a distance from an upper side of the downward groove. 15
23. A tile system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein a mutual angle enclosed by at least an inclined part of a side of the upward tongue facing toward the upward flank and the upward flank is substantially equal to a mutual angle enclosed by at least an inclined part of a side of the downward tongue facing toward the downward flank and the downward flank.
24. A tile system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the angle enclosed by on the one hand the direction in which at least a part of a side of the upward tongue facing toward the upward flank extends and, on the other hand, the normal of the upper side of the base layer lies between 0 and 60 degrees, in particular between 25 0 and 45 degrees.
25. A tile system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the angle enclosed by on the one hand the direction in which at least a part of a side of the downward tongue facing toward the downward flank extends and on the other the 30 normal of the lower side of the base layer lies between 0 and 60 degrees, in particular between 0 and 45 degrees.
26. A tile system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first locking element comprises at least one outward bulge, and the second locking element 35 comprises at least one recess, which outward bulge is adapted to be at least partially received in a recess of an adjacent coupled tile for the purpose of realizing a locked coupling.
27. A tile system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein a side of the 5 downward tongue facing away from the downward flank is provided with a third locking element, and wherein the upward flank is provided with a fourth locking element, said third locking element being adapted to cooperate with a fourth locking element of another tile. 10
28. A tile system as claimed in claim 27, wherein the shortest distance between an upper edge of the downward tongue and a lower side of the base layer defines a plane, wherein the third locking element and at least a part of the downward tongue are situated at opposite sides of said plane. 15
29. A tile system as claimed in any one of claims 27-28, wherein the minimum distance between said third locking element and an upper side of the tile is smaller than the minimum distance between an upper side of the upward tongue and said upper side of the tile. 20
30. A tile system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein a side of the upward tongue facing away from the upward flank is positioned at a distance from the downward flank, in coupled condition of adjacent tiles.
31. A tile system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least a 25 number of tiles are identical.
32. A tile system as claimed in one of the preceding claims, wherein the first coupling part and the second coupling part are configured to co-act in such a manner that coupled tiles are substantially locked both in a direction parallel to the plane defined by 30 the tiles as well as in a direction perpendicular to said plane defined by the tiles.
33. A tile covering, in particular floor covering, formed using a tile system as claimed in any one of the claims 1-32.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201710322377 | 2017-05-09 | ||
CN201710322377.2 | 2017-05-09 | ||
PCT/CN2018/086025 WO2018205928A1 (en) | 2017-05-09 | 2018-05-08 | Indolizine derivatives and application thereof in medicine |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NZ759294A NZ759294A (en) | 2021-10-29 |
NZ759473B2 true NZ759473B2 (en) | 2022-02-01 |
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