NZ759166B2 - Anti-cancer agents and preparation thereof - Google Patents

Anti-cancer agents and preparation thereof

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Publication number
NZ759166B2
NZ759166B2 NZ759166A NZ75916614A NZ759166B2 NZ 759166 B2 NZ759166 B2 NZ 759166B2 NZ 759166 A NZ759166 A NZ 759166A NZ 75916614 A NZ75916614 A NZ 75916614A NZ 759166 B2 NZ759166 B2 NZ 759166B2
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New Zealand
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compound
formula
c1alkyl
group
independently
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NZ759166A
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NZ759166A (en
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Arun K Ghosh
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Purdue Research Foundation
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Publication of NZ759166A publication Critical patent/NZ759166A/en
Publication of NZ759166B2 publication Critical patent/NZ759166B2/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61K2300/00—Mixtures or combinations of active ingredients, wherein at least one active ingredient is fully defined in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
    • A61K31/336—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having three-membered rings, e.g. oxirane, fumagillin
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    • A61K31/35—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61K31/535—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. 1,2-oxazines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
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    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/535—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. 1,2-oxazines
    • A61K31/5375—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine
    • A61K31/5377—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. timolol
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K39/395—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
    • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/68—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment
    • A61K47/6801—Drug-antibody or immunoglobulin conjugates defined by the pharmacologically or therapeutically active agent
    • A61K47/6803—Drugs conjugated to an antibody or immunoglobulin, e.g. cisplatin-antibody conjugates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A61P1/18—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for pancreatic disorders, e.g. pancreatic enzymes
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    • A61P13/00—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
    • A61P13/08—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system of the prostate
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D309/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not condensed with other rings
    • C07D309/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D309/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D309/14—Nitrogen atoms not forming part of a nitro radical
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D407/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D405/00
    • C07D407/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D405/00 containing two hetero rings
    • C07D407/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D405/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D493/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system
    • C07D493/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D493/10—Spiro-condensed systems

Abstract

Embodiments of the present invention provide, among other compounds, a family of spliceosome-inhibiting compounds of formula (I) that can be used as therapeutic anti-cancer agents. The compounds are synthesized in a process that includes the catalytic cross metathesis of a cyclic epoxy alcohol to an amide. amide.

Description

ANTI-CANCER AGENTS AND PREPARATION THEREOF REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Appl. Ser. No. 61/906,133, filed November 19, 2013, which is incorporated by reference as if fully set forth herein.
The present application is a divisional of NZ 721152, which was the national phase entry of , the entire specifications of which are incorporated herein by cross-reference.
STATEMENT OF U.S. GOVERNMENT SUPPORT This invention was made with government support under GM053386 awarded by the National Institutes of Health. The government has certain rights in the invention.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention relate to compounds that can be used to treat disease, e.g., cancer, and compositions and prodrugs including, or resulting in, these compounds. Methods of making the compounds are also disclosed.
The an Cancer y tes that cancer costs the U.S. economy almost $200 billion per year due to the costs of medical treatment (about $80 n per year) and lost productivity due to death and/or disability (about $120 billion per year). Of course, there is also a human toll as loved ones are diagnosed, treated, and sometimes die from many forms of cancer. Because of the high social and economic costs of cancer, new cancer treatments are a top priority for institutions such as the U.S. National utes of Health as well as major pharmaceutical companies.
SUMMARY Proliferative diseases, such as cancer, cause harm to the body with the rapid growth of cells that interfere with the health function of nearby (or far-away) tissues. Because the cells replicate y, nds that disrupt transcription pathways are valuable in fighting the disease. That is, if it is possible to disrupt the function of one or more proteins that play a role in a transcription pathway, the eration (and potential metastasis) of cancerous cells will be limited. Such a disruption would at least help a patient gain additional months or years of life.
One family of protein complexes involved in transcription pathways are spliceosomes. Spliceosomes typically include over 100 proteins that work together to control the excision of exons (i.e., ng of introns) from genomic material during the transcription. Compounds that interfere with the function of spliceosomes or a osome-regulation protein are valuable for g or stopping the spread of proliferative disease.
Embodiments of the present invention include compounds that are effective at limiting the growth of proliferative cells and useful as therapeutic cancer agents. Embodiments of the present invention also include compositions comprising these compounds as well as ugs that result in the compounds when administered to a patient. The compounds are useful for the treatment of cancer, in particular solid tumor cell cancers, such as breast, lung, cervical, prostate, ovarian, pancreatic, and renal cell cancer. The compounds, itions, and prodrugs can be administered to a t in need of treatment for proliferative disease, e. g., cancer.
Embodiments of the present invention additionally include methods of making the therapeutic compounds of the various embodiments of the invention. The methods include the cross metathesis of an epoxy alcohol fragment with an amide fragment in the presence of a catalyst. In an embodiment, the method includes forming the epoxy alcohol fragment from an (R)-isopropylidene glyceraldyhyde, forming the amide fragment using a Corey- Bakshi-Shibata (CBS) reduction, an Achmatowicz rearrangement, a selective Michael addition, and coupling the first and second fragments with a cross-metathesis reaction. The method can be performed in about 20 steps under standard reaction ions and proceeds with high enantiomeric efficiency (> 98 % ee) and a good yield.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION Embodiments of the invention include a family of novel compounds that can be used as therapeutic anti-cancer agents. The agents can be sized in a straightforward synthesis that includes a tic cross metathesis of a cyclic epoxy l to a amide, as described .
Various embodiments of the present invention are directed to nds having Formula I and isomers, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, prodrugs (e.g., ester) or dy conjugates (see, e.g., US. Patent No. 8,663,643, which is incorporated by reference as if fully set forth herein) thereof: R3 R4 8" R10 R11O-R12 wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, OH, C1_6- alkyl, C1_6-alkoxy, lkenyloxy, -(CH2)nC(O)NR16R17 (wherein R16 and R17 are selected independently from the group consisting of H, C1_6-alkyl, and C1_6- alkyl substituted with one to three groups ndently selected from halo, hydroxy, C1_6-alkoxy, and aryl; or R16 and R17, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound, form a 5- to 6-membered cyclic or heteroaromatic ring), and C1_6-alkyl tuted with one to three groups independently ed from halo, hydroxy, C1_6-alkoxy, and O-hydroxy protecting group; R3 and R4 are selected independently from the group consisting of OH, C1_6-alkyl (optionally substituted with Cl, F, N02, OH, or LG, wherein LG is a leaVing group such as a -O-mesyl, -O-tosyl or -O-besyl leaVing group), C(O)R13, F, Cl, N02, wherein each R13 is independently H or C1_6-alkyl; or R3 and R4, together with the carbon atom to which they are bound, form an epoxide ring; R5 and R12 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, a hydroxyl protecting group, C1_6-alkyl, C(O)R13, C(O)OR13, and C(O)NR14R15, wherein each R13 is independently H or C1_6-alkyl, and wherein R14 and R15 are selected ndently from the group consisting of H and C1_6-alkyl; or R14 and R15, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound, form a 5- to 6- membered heterocyclic or hetero aromatic ring; R6 is selected from the group consisting of H and C1_6-alkyl; and R7 is C1_6-alkyl; and R8, R9, R10, and R11 are independently ed from the group consisting of H and C1_6-alkyl.
Various other embodiments of the present invention are directed to compounds having Formula Ia and stereoisomers, ceutically able salts, prodrugs (e.g., ester) or antibody conjugates thereof: R3 R4 F59 o\R5 R7 N R2 / O R1 6/ 0 R8 R10R11O—R12 wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, OH, C1_6- alkyl, C1_6-alkoxy, C2_6-alkenyloxy, -(CH2)nC(O)NR16R17 (wherein R16 and R17 are selected independently from the group consisting of H, C1_6-alkyl, and C1_6- alkyl substituted with one to three groups independently selected from halo, y, lkoxy, and aryl; or R16 and R17, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound, form a 5- to 6-membered heterocyclic or heteroaromatic ring), and C1_6-alkyl substituted with one to three groups independently selected from halo, hydroxy, C1_6-alkoxy, and O-hydroxy protecting group; R3 and R4 are selected independently from the group consisting of OH, lkyl (optionally substituted with Cl, F, NOz, OH, or LG, wherein LG is a leaVing group such as a -O-mesyl, -O-tosyl or -O-besyl leaVing group), C(O)R13, F, Cl, N02, wherein each R13 is independently H or C1_6-alkyl; or R3 and R4, together with the carbon atom to which they are bound, form an epoxide ring; R5 and R12 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, a hydroxyl protecting group, C1_6-alkyl, C(O)R13, 13, and C(O)NR14R15, wherein each R13 is independently H or C1_6-alkyl, and wherein R14 and R15 are selected independently from the group consisting of H and lkyl; or R14 and R15, together with the en atom to which they are bound, form a 5- to 6- membered heterocyclic or hetero aromatic ring; R6 is selected from the group consisting of H and C1_6-alkyl; and R7 is C1_6-alkyl; and R8, R9, R10, and R11 are independently ed from the group consisting of H and C1_6-alkyl.
Still other embodiments of the present invention are directed to a process for preparing a compound having a I and a stereoisomer, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, g (e.g., ester) or antibody conjugate thereof: R3 R4 R10 R11O-R12 wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, OH, C1_6- alkyl, lkoxy, C2_6-alkenyloxy, -(CH2)nC(O)NR16R17 (wherein R16 and R17 are selected independently from the group consisting of H, lkyl, and C1_6- alkyl substituted with one to three groups independently selected from halo, y, lkoxy, and aryl; or R14 and R15, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound, form a 5- to 6-membered heterocyclic or heteroaromatic ring), and C1_6-alkyl substituted with one to three groups independently selected from halo, hydroxy, C1_6-alkoxy, and O-hydroxy protecting group; R3 and R4 are selected independently from the group consisting of OH, C1_6-alkyl (optionally tuted with Cl, F, N02, OH, or LG, wherein LG is a leaVing group such as a -O-mesyl, -O-tosyl or -O-besyl g group), C(O)R13, F, Cl, N02, wherein each R13 is independently H or C1_6-alkyl; or R3 and R4, together with the carbon atom to which they are bound, form an epoxide ring; R5 and R12 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, a hydroxyl protecting group, C1_6-alkyl, C(O)R13, C(O)OR13, and C(O)NR14R15, wherein each R13 is independently H or C1_6-alkyl, and wherein R14 and R15 are selected independently from the group consisting of H and C1_6-alkyl; or R14 and R15, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound, form a 5- to 6- membered heterocyclic or hetero ic ring; R6 is selected from the group consisting of H and C1_6-alkyl; and R7 is C1_6-alkyl; R8, R9, R10, and R11 are independently selected from the group consisting of H and C1_6-alkyl; the method comprising converting a compound of the Formula 11: to a compound of the a 111: R3 R4 R2 / wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 are each defined herein; and contacting a compound of Formula 111 with a compound of the Formula IV: "IIq08/ R7 N / O R R10 R11O-R12 IV wherein R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, and R12 are defined herein; in the presence of an olefin metathesis catalyst to form a compound of Formula As used herein, the term "C1_6-alkyl" refers to monovalent saturated aliphatic hydrocarbyl groups haVing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms. This term includes, but is not limited to, linear and branched hydrocarbyl groups such as methyl (CH3-), ethyl (CH3CH2-), yl (CH3CH2CH2-), isopropyl ((CH3)2CH-), n-butyl (CH3CH2CH2CH2-), isobutyl ((CH3)2CHCH2-), sec-butyl ((CH3)(CH3CH2)CH-), t-butyl 3C—), n-pentyl (CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2-), and neopentyl ((CH3)3CCH2-). The term C1_6-alkyl also includes cycloalkyl groups including, but not limited to, ropyl, cyclobutyl, entyl, and exyl.
As used herein, the term "C2_6-alkenyl" (e.g., in C2_6-alkenyloxy) in refers to monovalent unsaturated hydrocarb yl groups haVing from 2 to 6 carbon atoms. This term includes, but is not limited to, linear and branched hydrocarbyl groups such as Vinyl (CH2:CH-), yl (CH2:CH2CH2-), and isopropenyl ((CH3)(CH2)C-). The term C2_6-alkyl also includes cyclo alkenyl groups including, but not limited to, cyclopentenyl and cyclohexenyl.
The term "heteroaryl" as used herein refers to an ic heterocycle ring of 5 to 14 members, such as 5 to 6 members, having at least one heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and containing at least 1 carbon atom. Heteroaryls may be clic, bicyclic, or tricyclic ring systems.
Representative heteroaryls are lyl, tetrazolyl, oxadiazolyl, pyridyl, furyl, benzofuranyl, thiophenyl, benzothiophenyl, quinolinyl, pyrrolyl, indolyl, oxazolyl, benzoxazolyl, imidazolyl, benzimidazolyl, thiazolyl, benzothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyrazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl, inyl, phthalazinyl, quinazolinyl, pyrimidyl, azepinyl, oxepinyl, and quinoxalinyl.
As used herein, the term "aryl" broadly refers to cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that do not contain heteroatoms in the ring. Such aryl groups may be substituted or tituted. Aryl groups include, but are not limited to, phenyl, biphenyl, fluorenyl, phenanthrenyl, and naphthyl groups.
As used herein, the term "heterocycle" or "heterocycloalkyl" as used herein refers to 5- to 14-membered ring systems, such as 5- to 6-membered ring systems, which are either saturated, unsaturated, and which contain from 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently ed from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and wherein the nitrogen and sulfur heteroatoms may be optionally oxidized, and the nitrogen heteroatom may be optionally quaternized. Heterocycles may be monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic ring systems. The bicyclic or lic ring systems may be spiro-fused. The bicyclic and lic ring systems may encompass a heterocycle or heteroaryl fused to a benzene ring. The heterocycle may be attached via any heteroatom or carbon atom. Heterocycles e heteroaryls as defined above. Representative examples of cycles include, but are not d to, aZiridinyl, oxiranyl, thuiranyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, azirinyl, diaziridinyl, diazirinyl, oxaziridinyl, azetidinyl, inonyl, oxetanyl, thietanyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, pyrrolyl, ovainyl, thiaZinyl, diazinyl, dioxanyl, nyl, tetrazinyl, imidazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyrrolidinyl, isoxazolyl, furanyl, furazanyl, pyridinyl, oxazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, thiazolyl, benzthiazolyl, thiophenyl, pyrazolyl, lyl, pyrimidinyl, benzimidazolyl, olyl, indazolyl, benzodiazolyl, benzotriazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, purinyl, indolyl, isoquinolinyl, quinolinyl, and quinazolinyl.
The term "hydroxy" refers to the group -OH.
The term "hydroxy protecting group" refers to protecting groups for an -OH group. Suitable hydroxy protecting groups as well as suitable conditions for protecting and deprotecting particular functional groups are well known in the art. For example, numerous such protecting groups are described in T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts, PROTECTING GROUPS IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS, 3rd ed., Wiley, New York. Such y protecting groups include C16 alkyl ethers, benzyl ethers, p-methoxybenzyl ethers, silyl , and the like.
The term "C1_6-alkoxy" refers to the group -O-(C1_6-alkyl) n C1_6-alkyl is defined herein. C1_6-alkoxy includes, but is no limited to, methoxy, ethoxy, oxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, t-butoxy, sec-butoxy, and n- pentoxy.
In some embodiments, a compound of the Formula III is a nd of the formula: R2 / R1 - t"\O‘R5 R2 / . t"\O~R5 R2 / wherein R1, R2, and R5 are defined herein.
In some embodiments, a compound of the a IV is a compound of the formula: wn/ N / O R8 R10 O-R12 R6 R11 o‘"KI \ / 6/ O R8 R10 O-R12 wherein RG-R12 are defined herein.
In some embodiments, the compound of Formula IV, or a stereoisomer, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug (e.g., ester) or antibody ate f, is ed from a compound of the Formula V: \ 0 R8 wherein R8 is d . The compound of the Formula IV can be prepared Via process comprising: contacting a compound of the Formula V with a suitable reducing agent (e.g., a Corey-Bakshi-Shibata (CBS) reduction using borane and a chiral oxazaborolidine) to obtain a compound of the Formula VI: \ 0 R8 VI wherein R8 is defined herein; contacting the compound of the Formula V1 with a suitable metal catalyst (e.g., VO(acac)2 to effect an Achmatowicz rearrangement) to obtain a compound of the Formula VII: wherein R8 is defined herein; ting the compound of the Formula VII with a compound of the R7Li, wherein R7 is defined herein, with a suitable metal salt (e.g., CuBr°S(CH3)2) to obtain a compound of the Formula VIII: contacting the compound of the a VIII with a suitable olefin metathesis catalyst (e.g., a suitable Grubbs’ second generation olefin metathesis catalyst), wherein R7 and R8 are defined herein, to obtain a nd of the Formula IX: R7 o / / o R8 IX wherein R6, R7, and R8 are defined herein; converting the compound of the Formula IX to a compound of the Formula X: - 6 7 8 wherein R R R and R9 are defined herein, under reductive am1nation. . . . . , , , ions; and contacting the compound of the Formula X with a compound of the Formula XI: R10 12 XI to obtain a compound of the Formula IV.
In some embodiments, the compound of the Formula VI is a compound of the formula: / R8 HO ; or / O R8 IOI".
In some embodiments, the compound of the Formula VII is a compound of the formula: EQ0/ 0 R8.
In some embodiments, the compound of the Formula VIII is a nd of the formula: / 0 R8.
In some embodiments, the compound of the Formula IX is a compound of the a: R7 o / / O R8 In some embodiments, the compound of the Formula X is a compound of the formula: R7 N,R9 / / O R8 R6 ; or R7 1"‘N ~ R9 / / O R8 R6 In some embodiments, the compound of the Formula XI is a compound of the formula: R10 ’O-R12 In some embodiments, the compound of the Formula I is a nd of the formula: R3 R4 R8‘n’j‘OR10 O_R12 a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug (e.g., ester) or antibody conjugate thereof.
In other embodiments, the compound of the Formula I is a compound of the formula: a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, g (e.g., ester) or antibody conjugate thereof.
Embodiments of the invention include any one of compounds Zl- Z7, as well as combinations thereof, which are potent osome inhibitors, and may be administered as anti-cancer agents and which can be synthesized by the methods described herein: pharmaceutically acceptable salts, prodrugs (e.g., ester) or antibody conjugates thereof. The compounds may be included in a ition or delivered as a prodrug. The compounds Zl-Z7 can be prepared via the processes described herein for compounds of the a I.
"Pharmaceutically acceptable salt" generally refers to ceutically acceptable salts of a compound, which salts are derived from a variety of organic and inorganic counter ions well known in the art and include, by way of example only, , potassium, calcium, magnesium, ammonium, and tetraalkylammonium; and when the le contains a basic onality, salts of organic or inorganic acids, such as hydrochloride, hydrobromide, tartrate, mesylate, acetate, maleate, and oxalate.
As used herein, the term "prodrug" means a derivative of a compound that can hydrolyze, oxidize, or otherwise react under biological conditions (in vitro or in vivo) to provide an active compound, particularly a compound of the embodiments of the present invention. Examples of prodrugs include, but are not limited to, derivatives and metabolites of a compound of the invention that e biohydrolyzable moieties such as biohydrolyzable amides, biohydrolyzable esters, rolyzable carbamates, biohydrolyzable carbonates, biohydrolyzable ureides, and biohydrolyzable phosphate analogues.
Specific prodrugs of compounds with carboxyl functional groups are the lower alkyl esters of the carboxylic acid. The carboxylate esters are conveniently formed by esterifying any of the ylic acid es present on the molecule. Prodrugs can typically be prepared using well-known methods, such as those described by Burger’s Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery 6th ed.
(Donald J. Abraham ed., 2001, Wiley) and Design and Application of Prodrugs (H. Bundgaard ed., 1985, Harwood Academic Publishers GmbH).
Those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that compounds bed herein (e.g., compounds Zl-Z7) contain chiral centers. All diastereomers of the compounds described herein are contemplated herein, as well as racemates. Those of ordinary skill in the art will also recognize that compounds described herein (e.g., compounds Zl-Z7) comprise at three two double bonds each of which can have the E (engegen) or the Z men) uration. All isomers of the compounds described herein (e. g., E,E,E; Z,Z,Z; E,Z,E; E,E,Z; Z,E,E; Z,E,Z, and Z,Z,E) are contemplated herein.
Various embodiments of the present invention also contemplate ceutical compositions comprising one or more compounds of the various embodiments of the present invention (e.g. compounds 21-27) and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents, excipients or combinations thereof. A "pharmaceutical ition" refers to a al or biological ition suitable for administration to a subject (e. g., mammal). Such compositions may be specifically formulated for administration via one or more of a number of routes, including but not limited to buccal, cutaneous, epicutaneous, epidural, infusion, inhalation, intraarterial, intracardial, intracerebroventricular, intradermal, intramuscular, intranasal, intraocular, intraperitoneal, intraspinal, intrathecal, intravenous, oral, parenteral, pulmonary, rectally via an enema or suppository, aneous, subdermal, sublingual, transdermal, and ucosal. In addition, administration can by means of e, drops, foams, gel, gum, injection, liquid, patch, pill, porous pouch, powder, tablet, or other suitable means of administration.
A "pharmaceutical excipient" or a "pharmaceutically acceptable excipient" comprises a carrier, sometimes a liquid, in which an active therapeutic agent is formulated. The ent generally does not provide any pharmacological activity to the formulation, though it may provide chemical and/or biological stability, and e characteristics. Examples of suitable formulations can be found, for example, in Remington, The Science And Practice of Pharmacy, 20th n, (Gennaro, A. R., Chief Editor), Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and Science, 2000, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
As used herein aceutically acceptable carrier" or "excipient" includes any and all solvents, dispersion media, coatings, antibacterial and antifungal agents, isotonic and absorption delaying agents that are logically compatible. In one embodiment, the carrier is suitable for parenteral administration. Alternatively, the r can be suitable for intravenous, intraperitoneal, uscular, sublingual, or oral administration.
Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include sterile aqueous solutions or dispersions and sterile powders for the extemporaneous preparation of sterile injectable ons or dispersion. The use of such media and agents for pharmaceutically active substances is well known in the art. Except insofar as any conventional media or agent is incompatible with the active compound, use thereof in the pharmaceutical itions of the invention is plated.
Supplementary active compounds can also be incorporated into the compositions. id="p-39" id="p-39" id="p-39" id="p-39" id="p-39" id="p-39" id="p-39" id="p-39" id="p-39" id="p-39" id="p-39" id="p-39" id="p-39"
[0039] Pharmaceutical compositions may be sterile and stable under the conditions of manufacture and storage. The composition can be formulated as a solution, microemulsion, liposome, or other ordered ure suitable to high drug concentration. The carrier can be a solvent or sion medium containing, for example, water, ethanol, polyol (e. g., glycerol, propylene glycol, and liquid polyethylene glycol), and suitable mixtures thereof. The proper fluidity can be maintained, for example, by the use of a g such as lecithin, by the maintenance of the required particle size in the case of dispersion and by the use of surfactants.
In many cases, it will be able to include isotonic , for example, sugars, polyalcohols such as mannitol, sorbitol, or sodium chloride in the composition. Prolonged absorption of the injectable compositions can be brought about by including in the composition an agent which delays absorption, for e, monostearate salts and gelatin. Moreover, the compounds described herein can be formulated in a time release formulation, for example in a ition that includes a slow release r. The active compounds can be prepared with carriers that will protect the compound t rapid release, such as a controlled release formulation, including implants and microencapsulated delivery systems. Biodegradable, biocompatible rs may be used, such as ethylene vinyl acetate, polyanhydrides, polyglycolic acid, collagen, polyorthoesters, polylactic acid and polylactic, polyglycolic copolymers (PLG).
Many methods for the preparation of such formulations are known to those skilled in the art.
Oral forms of administration are also contemplated herein. The pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may be orally stered as a capsule (hard or soft), tablet (film coated, enteric coated or uncoated), powder or granules (coated or uncoated) or liquid (solution or suspension). The ations may be conveniently prepared by any of the methods nown in the art. The pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may include one or more suitable production aids or excipients including fillers, binders, disintegrants, lubricants, diluents, flow agents, buffering agents, ning agents, preservatives, colorants, sweeteners, flavors, and pharmaceutically compatible carriers.
For each of the d embodiments, the compounds can be administered by a variety of do sage forms as known in the art. Any biologically- acceptable dosage form known to persons of ordinary skill in the art, and combinations thereof, are contemplated. Examples of such dosage forms include, without limitation, le tablets, quick dissolve tablets, effervescent tablets, reconstitutable powders, elixirs, liquids, solutions, suspensions, emulsions, tablets, multi-layer tablets, bi-layer tablets, capsules, soft gelatin capsules, hard gelatin capsules, caplets, es, chewable es, beads, powders, gum, granules, particles, microparticles, dispersible es, cachets, douches, suppositories, creams, topicals, nts, aerosol inhalants, patches, particle inhalants, implants, depot implants, ingestibles, injectables ding subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, and intradermal), infusions, and combinations thereof.
Other compounds which can be included by admixture are, for example, medically inert ingredients (e.g., solid and liquid diluent), such as lactose, dextrosesaccharo se, cellulose, starch or calcium phosphate for tablets or capsules, olive oil or ethyl oleate for soft capsules and water or vegetable oil for suspensions or emulsions; lubricating agents such as silica, talc, stearic acid, magnesium or calcium stearate and/or hylene glycols; gelling agents such as colloidal clays; thickening agents such as gum tragacanth or sodium alginate, binding agents such as starches, arabic gums, gelatin, cellulose, carboxymethylcellulose or polyvinylpyrrolidone; disintegrating agents such as starch, alginic acid, alginates or sodium starch glycolate; effervescing mixtures; ff; sweeteners; g agents such as lecithin, polysorbates or sulphates; and other therapeutically acceptable accessory ingredients, such as humectants, preservatives, buffers and idants, which are known additives for such formulations.
Liquid sions for oral administration can be syrups, emulsions, solutions, or suspensions. The syrups can contain as a carrier, for example, saccharose or saccharose with ol and/or mannitol and/or sorbitol.
The suspensions and the emulsions can contain a r, for example a natural gum, agar, sodium alginate, pectin, methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, or polyvinyl alcohol.
The amount of active compound in a therapeutic composition according to various embodiments of the present invention may vary according to factors such as the disease state, age, gender, , patient history, risk factors, predisposition to disease, administration route, pre-existing treatment regime (e. g., possible interactions with other medications), and weight of the individual. Dosage regimens may be adjusted to provide the optimum therapeutic se. For example, a single bolus may be administered, several divided doses may be administered over time, or the dose may be proportionally reduced or increased as indicated by the exigencies of therapeutic situation.
"Dosage unit form," as used herein, refers to physically te units suited as unitary s for the mammalian subjects to be treated; each unit containing a predetermined quantity of active compound calculated to produce the desired eutic effect in association with the required pharmaceutical carrier. The specification for the dosage unit forms of the invention are dictated by and directly dependent on the unique characteristics of the active compound and the particular therapeutic effect to be achieved, and the limitations inherent in the art of compounding such an active compound for the treatment of sensitivity in individuals. In therapeutic use for treatment of conditions in mammals (e. g., humans) for which the compounds of the present invention or an appropriate pharmaceutical composition f are effective, the compounds of the present invention may be administered in an ive amount.
The dosages as suitable for this invention may be a composition, a pharmaceutical composition or any other compositions described herein.
For each of the recited embodiments, the dosage is typically administered once, twice, or thrice a day, although more frequent dosing intervals are possible. The do sage may be administered every day, every 2 days, every 3 days, every 4 days, every 5 days, every 6 days, and/or every 7 days (once a week). In one ment, the dosage may be administered daily for up to and including 30 days, preferably between 7-10 days. In another embodiment, the dosage may be administered twice a day for 10 days. If the patient requires treatment for a chronic disease or condition, the dosage may be administered for as long as signs and/or symptoms persist. The t may require "maintenance treatment" where the t is ing dosages every day for months, years, or the remainder of their lives. In addition, the composition of this invention may be to effect prophylaxis of recurring symptoms. For example, the dosage may be administered once or twice a day to prevent the onset of symptoms in patients at risk, especially for asymptomatic patients.
The compositions bed herein may be administered in any of the following routes: , epicutaneous, epidural, infusion, inhalation, intraarterial, intracardial, intracerebroventricular, intradermal, intramuscular, asal, intraocular, intraperitoneal, intraspinal, intrathecal, intravenous, oral, parenteral, pulmonary, rectally via an enema or suppository, subcutaneous, mal, sublingual, transdermal, and transmucosal. The red routes of administration are buccal and oral. The administration can be local, where the ition is administered directly, close to, in the locality, near, at, about, or in the vicinity of, the site(s) of e or systemic, wherein the composition is given to the patient and passes through the body widely, thereby reaching the site(s) of disease. Local administration can be administration to the cell, tissue, organ, and/or organ system, which encompasses and/or is affected by the disease, and/or where the disease signs and/or symptoms are active or are likely to occur. Administration can be topical with a local effect, composition is applied directly where its action is desired. Administration can be enteral wherein the desired effect is systemic (non-local), composition is given via the digestive tract. Administration can be parenteral, where the desired effect is systemic, composition is given by other routes than the digestive tract.
In some embodiments, the various embodiments of the present invention contemplate compositions comprising a therapeutically effective amount of one or more nds of the various embodiments of the present invention (e.g. at least one nd 21-27). In some embodiments, the compositions are useful in a method for treating cancer, the method comprising administering a therapeutically ive amount of one or more compounds of the various ments of the present invention to a patient in need thereof. In some aspects, the various embodiments of the present invention contemplate a compound of the s embodiments of the present invention for use as a medicament for treating a patient in need of relief from cancer. In some embodiments, the cancer includes, but is not limited to, solid tumor cell cancers including, but not d to, atic cancer; bladder cancer; colorectal cancer; breast cancer, including metastatic breast cancer; prostate cancer, including en-dependent and androgen-independent prostate cancer; renal cancer, including, e.g., metastatic renal cell carcinoma; cellular cancer; lung cancer, including, e.g., non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC), and arcinoma of the lung; ovarian cancer, including, e.g., progressive epithelial or primary peritoneal cancer; al cancer; gastric cancer; esophageal cancer; head and neck cancer, including, e.g., squamous cell oma of the head and neck; melanoma; neuroendocrine cancer, including metastatic neuroendocrine tumors; brain tumors, including, e.g., glioma, anaplastic endroglioma, adult glioblastoma multiforme, and adult anaplastic astrocytoma; bone cancer; and soft tissue sarcoma. Examples of logic ancy include acute myeloid leukemia (AML); chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), including accelerated CML and CML blast phase (CML-BP); acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL); chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); ns e (HD); non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), including follicular lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma; B- cell lymphoma; T-cell lymphoma; multiple myeloma (MM); Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia; myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), including refractory anemia (RA), refractory anemia with ringed lasts (RARS), (refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB), and RAEB in transformation (RAEB-T); and myeloproliferative syndromes, such as breast, lung, cervical, prostate, ovarian, pancreatic, and renal cell cancer.
The term peutically effective amount" as used herein, refers to that amount of one or more compounds of the various embodiments of the present ion (e. g. at least one compound 21-27) that elicits a ical or medicinal response in a tissue system, animal or human, that is being sought by a cher, veterinarian, medical doctor or other clinician, which includes alleviation of the symptoms of the disease or disorder being treated. In some embodiments, the therapeutically effective amount is that which may treat or alleviate the disease or symptoms of the disease at a reasonable benefit/risk ratio applicable to any medical treatment. However, it is to be understood that the total daily usage of the compounds and compositions described herein may be decided by the attending physician within the scope of sound medical judgment.
The ic therapeutically-effective dose level for any particular patient will depend upon a variety of factors, including the condition being treated and the ty of the condition; activity of the specific compound employed; the specific composition employed; the age, body weight, general health, gender and diet of the patient: the time of administration, route of stration, and rate of excretion of the specific compound employed; the duration of the treatment; drugs used in combination or coincidentally with the specific nd employed; and like factors well known to the researcher, veterinarian, medical doctor or other clinician. It is also appreciated that the therapeutically ive amount can be selected with reference to any toxicity, or other undesirable side effect, that might occur during administration of one or more of the compounds described herein.
In some embodiments, a eutically effective amounts of the compounds of the various embodiments of the present ion can range from approximately 0.05 to 50 mg per kilogram body weight of the recipient per day; such as about 0.1-25 mg/kg/day, or from about 0.5 to 10 mg/kg/day. Thus, for administration to a 70 kg person, for instance, the dosage range can be about 35- 70 mg per day.
In some ments, one or more of the nds of the various embodiments of the present invention can be administered in combination with at least one other anticancer agent including, but not limited to docetaxel, paclitaxel, bevacizumab (AvastinTM).
Incomoration by Reference References and citations to other documents, such as patents, patent applications, patent ations, journals, books, papers, web contents, have been made throughout this sure. All such documents are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entirety for all purposes. Such nts include, but are not limited to: (1) (a) Nakajima, H.; Sato, B.; , T.; Takase, S.; Terano, H.; Okuhara, M.J.
Antibiot.l996, 49, 1196—1203. (b) Nakajima, H.; Hori, Y.; Terano, H.; Okuhara, M.; Manda, T.; Matsumoto, S.; Shimomura, K.J. ot.l996, 49, 1204—1211. (c) Nakajima, H.; Takase, S.; Terano, H.; Tanaka, H]. Antibiot.l997, 50, 96—99. (2) (a) Motoyoshi, H.; Horigome, M.; Ishigami, K.; Yoshida, T.; Horinouchi, S.; Yoshida, M.; Watanabe, H.; Kitahara, T.Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem.2004, 68, 2178—2182. (b) Kaida, D.; Motoyoshi, H.; Tashiro, E.; Nojima, T.; Hagiwara,M.; Ishigami,K.;Watanabe,H.; Kitahara, T.; a, T.; Nakajima, H.; Tani, T.; Horinouchi, S.; Yoshida, M.Nature Chem. Biol.2007, 3, 576—5 83. (c) Zhang, F.; He, H.-Y.; Tang, M.-C.; Tang, Y.-M.; Zhou, Q.; Tang, G.-L.J.
Am. Chem. Soc.2011, 133, 2452—2462. (d) Fan, L.; Lagisetti, C.; Edwards, C.
C.; Webb, T. R.; Potter, P. M.ACS Chem. Biol.2011, 6, 582—589. (3) (a)Thompson,C. F; n, T. F.; en, E.N.J. Am.Chem. Soc.2000, 122, 10482—10483. (b) Thompson, C. F.; Jamison, T. F.; Jacobsen, E. N]. Am.
Chem. Soc.2001, 123, 9974—9983. (4) (a) Horigome, M.; Motoyoshi, H.; Watanabe, H.; Kitahara, T. Tetrahedron Lett.2001, 42, 8207—8210. (b) Motoyoshi, H.; Horigome, M.; be, H.; Kitahara, T.Tetrahedron2006, 62, 1378—1389. (5) (a) Albert, B. J.; Koide, K. Org. Lett.2004, 6, 3655—3658. (b) , B. J.; Sivaramakrishnan, A.; Naka, T.; Koide, K.J. Am. Chem. Soc.2006, 128, 2792— 2793. (c) Albert, B. J .; Sivaramakrishnan, A.; Naka, T.; Czaicki, N. L.; Koide, K.J. Am. Chem. Soc.2007,129, 2648— 2659. (6) (a) Ghosh, A. K.; Anderson, D. D. Org. Lett.2012, 14, 4730— 4733. (b) Ghosh, A. K.; Li, J.Org. Lett.2011, 13, 66—69. (7) (a) Chatterjee, A. K.; Choi, T.-L.; Sanders, D. P.; , R. H. J. Am.
Chem. Soc.2003, 125, 11360—11370. (b) Prunet, J. Curr. Top. Med. Chem.2005, ,1559—1577. (8) Organic Synthesis; Wiley: New York, 1998; Collect. Vol. IX,p6;Org.
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F.; Georgiadis, T. M.Org. Prep. Proc. Int.1992, 24, 95—118. (10) Trost, B. M.; Quintard, A.Org. Lett.2012, 14, 4698—4700. (12) Chen, Z.-H.; Tu, Y.-Q.; Zhang, S.-Y.; Zhang, F.-M.Org. Lett. 2011, 13, (13) Zhang, Y.; Rohanna, J.; Zhou, J.; Lyer, K.; Rainier, J. D.J. Am. Chem.
Soc.2011, 133, 3208—3216. (14) Williams, D. R.; Fultz, M. W. J. Am. Chem. Soc.2005, 127,14550—14551. (15) Prasad, K. R.; Gholap, S. L.J. Org. Chem.2008, 73, 2—11. (17) (a) Corey, E. J.; Chaykovsky, M.J. Am. Chem. Soc.1965, 87, 1353—1364. (b) Alcaraz, L.; Harnett, J. J.;Mioskowski, C.;Martel, J. P.; Le gall, T.; Shin, D.- S.; Falck, J. R.Tetrahedron Lett.1994, 35, 5449— 5452. (18) Bode, J. W.; Carreira, E. M.J. Org. Chem.2001,66, 6410—6424. (19) (a) Williams, D. R.; Jass, P. A.; Tse, H.-L. A.; Gaston, R. D. J. Am. Chem.
Soc.1990, 112, 4552—4554. (b) Smith, A. B., 111; Lin, Q.; Doughty, V. A.; , L.;MCBriar,M.D.;Kerns, J. K.; Brook, C. S.; Murase, N.; Nakayama, K.Angew. Chem., Int. Ed.2001, 40, 196—199. (20) Horita, K.; Yoshioka, T.; Tanaka, T.; Oikawa, Y.; Yonemitsu, O.Tetrahedron1986, 42, 3021—3028. (21) (a) Corey, E. J.; s, B. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc.1997, 119, 12425—12431. (b) le, J. A.; Abramite, J. A.; Sammakia, T.Org. Lett.2012, 14, 178—181. (22) Lewis,M. D.; Cha, J. K.; Kishi, Y.J. Am. Chem. Soc.1982,104, 4976—4978. (23) rd, S.Chem. Soc. 00, 29, 393—401. (24) Ghosh, A. K.; Nicponski, D. R.Org. Lett.2011,13, 331. (25) Scholl, M.; Ding, S.; Lee, C. W.; Grubbs, R. H.Org. 999, 1, 953—956. (26) Paquette, L. A.; Gugelchuk, M.; McLaughlin, M. L. J. Org. 987, 52, 4732—4740. (27) Rafferty,R. J.;Williams,R.M.J.Org. 012,77, 519—524. (28) DeChristopher, B. A.; Loy, B. A.; Marsden, M. D.; Schrier, A. J.; Zack, J.
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Equivalents Various modifications of the invention and many further embodiments thereof, in addition to those shown and described herein, will become nt to those skilled in the art from the full contents of this document, including references to the scientific and patent ture cited herein.
The t matter herein contains ant information, exemplification and guidance that can be adapted to the practice of this invention in its s embodiments and equivalents f. id="p-55" id="p-55" id="p-55" id="p-55" id="p-55" id="p-55" id="p-55" id="p-55" id="p-55" id="p-55" id="p-55" id="p-55" id="p-55"
[0055] The terms and expressions which have been employed are used as terms of description and not of limitation, and there is no intention that in the use of such terms and expressions of excluding any equivalents of the features shown and described or portions thereof, but it is recognized that various modifications are possible within the scope of the invention claimed. Thus, it should be understood that although the present ion has been specifically disclosed by preferred embodiments and optional features, modification and variation of the concepts herein disclosed may be resorted to by those of ordinary skill in the art, and that such modifications and variations are ered to be within the scope of this invention as defined by the appended claims.
Examples The present invention can be better understood by reference to the following example which is offered by way of illustration. The present invention is not limited to the example(s) given herein. id="p-57" id="p-57" id="p-57" id="p-57" id="p-57" id="p-57" id="p-57" id="p-57" id="p-57" id="p-57" id="p-57" id="p-57" id="p-57"
[0057] A synthetic scheme for compounds Z1-Z7 is shown below with respect to FR901464 (1) and Spliceostatin A (2), shown below, which are not compounds of the invention.
I" D NME‘OMeL‘\SQ’JLME FR9‘0‘1464, 1 2"Cl! 6M9010:"Yff‘fi;EMS/Ml eSplicecstastin A, 2 Nonetheless, it should be understood that the synthetic scheme is generally unique, and greatly simplifies the synthetic steps as ed to, e.g., the total synthesis of 1 described by Thompson, C.F., et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122 10482—10483 ; and Thompson, C.F., et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 123: 9974— 9983 (2001), both of which are incorporated by reference as if fully set forth herein. Compounds Z1-Z7 can be synthesized by making suitable substitutions in the synthesis of the cyclic epoxy alcohol (compound 3 in Scheme 1) as shown in Scheme 1 herein.
Example 1: Synthesis of epoxy alcohol segment 3 H3C : The synthesis of epoxy l t 3 is shown in Scheme 1.
Commercially available bromo ketone 11 was protected as its dithiane derivative. tion of the resulting dithiane with t-BuLi at 78 0C for 1 hours followed by reaction with (R)-isopropylidene glyceraldehyde provided a mixture (1 :1) of diastereomers 12 and 13 in 61% yield in two steps. This lack of stereoselectivity was somewhat unexpected, especially given the presence of chelating atoms at both R and Bpositions of (R)-isopropylidene glyceraldehyde.
In an attempt to improve antidiastereoselectivity, we investigated this addition on in the presence of a number of Lewis acids such as CeCl3, ZnClz, and MgBrz, in THF and ether. However, there was no further improvement in the diastereomeric ratio.
The isomers were ted by silica gel chromatography. The syn-isomer 12 was converted to desired anti-isomer 13 by a Mitsunobu reaction in the presence of p-nitrobenzoic acid ed by NaOH-mediated hydrolysis of the benzoate ester. The hydroxyl group of 13 was protected as a para-methoxy benzyl (PMB) ether, and subsequent removal of the isopropylidene group was carried out by the addition of p-TsOH in a one pot operation to provide diol 14.
The primary alcohol was selectively mono-tosylated using tosyl chloride (TsCl) and Et3N in the presence of dibutyltin oxide. Reaction of the resulting mono- tosylate with an excess of Chaykovsky dimethylsulfonium, methylide prepared by treatment of trimethylsulfonium iodide with n-BuLi, furnished allylic alcohol 15 in 84% yield. A r functional group transformation was previously reported by Carreira and co-workers. See Bode, J.W. and Carreira E.M., J. Org. Chem. 66: 6410—6424 (2001), which is incorporated by reference as if fully set forth herein. The dithiane group of 15 was then removed by using an excess of Hg(ClO4)2 in ol in the presence of dry 2,6-lutidine. This ion resulted in the formation of the corresponding methyl ketal as a mixture of s, which upon treatment with a catalytic amount of p-TsOH in methanol at 0 OC provided a single diastereomer 16. Removal of the PMB group in 16 with 2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) followed by alcohol ed epoxidation with m-chloroperbenzoic acid (m-CPBA) afforded the desired epoxy alcohol segment 3 stereoselectively as a white solid in 19% overall yield from 11 (8 steps). The methyl ketal 3 is quite stable and easy to handle for subsequent reactions. 1}1,3-propane— f "A‘ 7 7 gr 0 dilhiol ‘7‘"0 g 33 "49"»,ij BFs'OEtzmc OWL ,Ly; 11 airing—7’s": 3%, 12, X = OH: Y = H"? Matsuncbu 13,X=H,Y=OH"‘"‘"7 ‘then,NaDH mamas: 83w'" has then prSOH ‘3 (/‘A‘\ OH { arscz. £th (it, 3 1 l 3" S Bu28n0,23 0C Ska/"(S ‘7? ‘V \ 2}n—BLzLi,0°C "fl" f? ; opma M93S+r 0H fiPMB 549'?) -n { Hgmong, zewtmtdine o 00 than pager-t MEOH 1L 1mm, 0°C (7;! / \...~DPMB Nat-{cos » 9&on "48’3‘0’k"" W :- Zlm-CPBA, 0°C 5 k .4. __ NaHCQg Me’i‘O’" "9 We 60% {We 16 3 Example 2: Synthesis of amide 4 WeN"/100k Amide 4 can be synthesized in a two-step process, shown below as Scheme 2A and Scheme 2B. The preparation of the lic acetate side chain 7 is shown in Scheme 2A. Optically active alcohol 10 was ently prepared by utilizing a tic asymmetric addition protocol reported by Tro st and co-workers to provide 10 > 98% omeric efficiency (ee).
Saponification of methyl ester 10 with aqueous LiOH followed by acetylation with acetyl chloride provided acetate 17 in excellent yield. Hydrogenation over Lindlar’s catalyst afforded the desired cis—alkene 7.
COQMEB‘ H .
Me-I’J‘E'O i +1 E~~~~002Me Wham /' 0H memento: $03.14 m«*2» ll ill Lindlarcat. 0m;L i 0 0‘ x. Hg,quinoiine A, El 82%.) of \‘ T 1}" The synthesis of amide segment 4 is shown in Scheme 2B, where the amide segment 4 has the structure: W0N"/100k Enantioselective reduction of cially available acetyl furan 18 with (S)-2— Me-CBS st (also known as (S)-5,5 -Diphenyl-2—methyl-3,4-propano-1,3,2— orolidine) and BH3- Megs afforded chiral l 9 in 94% yield (93% ee). An Achmatowicz rearrangement was then carried out by treatment of alcohol 9 with t-BquH in the presence of a catalytic amount of VO(acac)2 to furnish a hemiketal, which was directly reduced to enone 19 as a single diastereomer by employing the protocol described by Kishi and co-workers. Our subsequent synthetic plan required lation of the C20 (S)-methyl-bearing stereocenter. We elected to carry out a 1,4-addition to enone 19. Accordingly, treatment of 19 with MeLi/CuBrg-MeZS at -78 0C for 2 hours provided the desired pyranone 8 in excellent yield (92%) and diastereoselectivity (25:1 dr, by 1H and 13C NMR analysis). The observed diastereoselectivity can be explained based upon the conformational analysis of enone 19. The stereochemical outcome of Michael addition can be rationalized by assuming stereoelectronically favorable axial attack of the cuprate as shown in the transition-state model 20.
Pyranone 8 and known alkene 21 were then subjected to cross- metathesis conditions using a Grubbs’-type second generation catalyst (Scholl, M., et al., Org. Lett. 1: 953-956 (1999), incorporated by reference as if fully set forth herein): to provide the ponding terminal to sylate. Treatment of the resulting tosylate with t-BuOK in DMSO at 75 0C for 12 hours resulted in diene 22 Via base promoted ation in 41% yield over two steps. Reductive amination of 22 with ammonium acetate and NaBH3 CN afforded the corresponding primary amine 6 as a major product (6:1 dr, by 1H— and 13C NMR analysis). The crude amine 6 and its epimer were directly d with acid 7 using standard amidation conditions to give the amide 4 along with minor C—14 epimer, which were separated by column chromatography. ' firm equator ia? .- L182" S {m x 611:; 52% {:‘mm 22} In the final step, FR901464 (1), Spliceostatin A (2), a compound of the ion, i.e., compounds Z1-Z7, or similar compounds can be created with the cross-metathesis of the epoxy alcohol segment 3 and the amide segment 4, as shown in Scheme 3. With the stereoselective syntheses of ts epoxy alcohol 3 (Scheme 1) and amide 4 (Scheme 2A/B), we then turned our ion to construct the C6-C7 double bond of the target molecules. As shown in Scheme 3, cross-metathesis of the two fragments proceeded smoothly in the presence of Grubbs’ second-generation catalyst to afford spliceostatin A (2) as a white solid in 57% isolated yield based upon one recycle of unreacted 3 and 4 under the same ions. Compounds Zl-Z7 can be formed with similar yields and enantiomeric ency. The removal of the methylketal in 2 was achieved by exposure of 2 to pyridinium p-toluene sulfonate (PPTS) in wet THF at 0 0C, which provided FR901464 (1) as a white powder in good yield. The 1H and 13C NMR of our synthetic FR901464[[a]D-13.0 (c 0.45, CH2C12)] is identical to the ed spectra of natural [[a]D-12.0 (C 0.5, CH2C12)] and synthetic FR901464.
SCHEME 3 3 "3' 4 Grubbs’ 2"" ""‘5"?° 40 00 Me x. {A ,tL I"): ‘ 0, 4x\ 0 a? Me , L Me Me Memo 0M8 T; eSpliceostatin A, 2 ’ M:99:1HPPTS, 0 DC ngjv\ N‘V’zb‘x ‘0: i Me t : MeDMe/Nif)"iMa FR901464, 1 Thus, embodiments of the present invention provide a concise and enantioselective strategy for the syntheses of FR901464, Spliceo statin A, or compounds Z1-Z7 in about 20 total steps with the longest linear sequence of about 10 steps. The syntheses includes the use of readily available chiral pool (R)-isopropylidene glyceraldyhyde 5 to form an A-ring fragment, a CBS reduction, an Achmatowicz rearrangement, and a stereoselective Michael addition for the construction of a B-ring fragment, and a metathesis reaction for coupling the two fragments. The synthesis is short, convergent and le to the synthesis of structural variants not sed, which are ed to be encompassed in the synthetic s.
Example 3 The compound of the formula: X = o, NH, NMe, COZEt 0 R = Me, Et, i-Pr, Ph, Bn X was synthesized according to the synthetic scheme shown below in Scheme 4: O i O N-O O-N cone Q Z; 002Me || 0 0 || THF/HZO n o —> H020\ Et3N, 12h then )L Lindlaf Pd H2 Me OH Me O N add line qumollne, EtOH )LN/fi o :1, 24h 00 Me NH2 Hom JOL HATU + DIPEA / / 0 Me Me o N/fi / / 0 M90Me Me 00 :‘o H Me N OH m JL\ .\\ O Cross-melalhesis / / 0 Me Me 0 Me / N’fi 0‘ Me K/ Me N O (:500 Scheme 4 Example 4 The compound of the formulae: O NH-CHzPh were synthesized according to the synthetic scheme shown below in Scheme 5: MEAD 1 Me Me/ko FR901464 O HNMOH, PPTS Me Me 0 Me 0 Scheme 5 Example 4 The compound of the formula: O OTMS /\M O 1_ CHglz, mCPBA _\\OH TiCI4, Zn THF _> 2. mCPBA then TMSCI / then AcOH 9 H r M9 ‘ ..\OH O + [kn/i Cross-metatheSIs / / 0 Me Me 0k ’ / separate Me diastereomer (Racemic mixture) 70 H ., 0 Me O "WMe 0 A0 Me A0 Scheme 6 The following embodiments are provided, the numbering of which is not to be ued as designating levels of importance: Embodiment 1 relates to a process for preparing a compound haVing Formula I, or a stereoisomer, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug (e.g., ester) or antibody ate thereof: wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, OH, C1_6- alkyl, C1_6-alkoxy, C2_6-alkenyloxy, -(CH2)nC(O)NR16R17 (wherein R16 and R17 are selected independently from the group consisting of H, C1_6-alkyl, and C1_6- alkyl substituted with one to three groups independently selected from halo, hydroxy, lkoxy, and aryl; or R16 and R17, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound, form a 5- to 6-membered heterocyclic or aromatic ring), and C1_6-alkyl substituted with one to three groups independently selected from halo, hydroxy, C1_6-alkoxy, and oxy protecting group; R3 and R4 are selected independently from the group consisting of OH, C1_6-alkyl (optionally substituted with Cl, F, NOz, OH, or LG, wherein LG is a g group), 3, F, Cl, N02, wherein each R13 is independently H or C1_6-alkyl; or R3 and R4, together with the carbon atom to which they are bound, form an epoxide ring; R5 and R12 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, a hydroxyl protecting group, C1_6-alkyl, C(O)R13, C(O)OR13, and C(O)NR14R15, wherein each R13 is independently H or C1_6-alkyl, and wherein R14 and R15 are selected ndently from the group consisting of H and C1_6-alkyl; or R14 and R15, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound, form a 5- to 6- membered cyclic or hetero aromatic ring; R6 is selected from the group consisting of H and C1_6-alkyl; and R7 is C1_6-alkyl; R8, R9, R10, and R11 are independently selected from the group consisting of H and C1_6-alkyl; the method comprising converting a compound of the Formula II: to a compound of the Formula 111: R3 R4 R2 / n R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 are defined herein; and contacting a compound of Formula 111 with a compound of the Formula IV: wmo8/ R7 N / O R R10 R11 O-R12 wherein R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, and R12 are defined herein; in the presence of an olefin metathesis catalyst to form a compound of Formula Embodiment 2 s to the process of Embodiment 1, wherein the compound of the Formula 111 is a compound of the formula: "‘\0. R5 R

Claims (24)

Claims:
1. A process for preparing a compound having Formula I, or a stereoisomer, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or antibody conjugate thereof: I wherein R 1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, OH, C1alkyl, C1 alkoxy, C2alkenyloxy, -(CH2)nC(O)NR16R 17 (wherein R16 and R17 are selected independently from the group consisting of H, C1alkyl, and C1alkyl substituted with one to three groups independently selected from halo, hydroxy, C1alkoxy, and aryl; or R 16 and R17, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound, form a 5- to 6- membered heterocyclic or heteroaromatic ring), and C1alkyl substituted with one to three groups independently selected from halo, hydroxy, C1alkoxy, and O-hydroxy protecting group; R 3 and R4 are selected independently from the group consisting of OH, C1alkyl (optionally substituted with Cl, F, NO2, OH, or LG, wherein LG is a leaving group), C(O)R13, F, Cl, NO2, wherein each R13 is independently H or C1alkyl; or R3 and R4 , together with the carbon atom to which they are bound, form an epoxide ring; R 5 and R12 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, a hydroxyl protecting group, C1alkyl, C(O)R13, C(O)OR13, and C(O)NR14R 15, wherein each R13 is independently H or C1alkyl, and wherein R14 and R15 are selected independently from the group consisting of H and C1alkyl; or R14 and R15, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound, form a 5- to 6-membered heterocyclic or heteroaromatic ring; R 6 is selected from the group consisting of H and C1alkyl; and R 7 is C1alkyl; R 8 , R9 , R 10, and R11 are independently selected from the group consisting of H and C1 alkyl; and n is 1 or 2; the method comprising converting a compound of the Formula II: 46 (38363518_1):JIN II to a compound of the Formula III: III wherein R1 , R2 , R3 , R4 , and R5 are defined herein; and contacting a compound of Formula III with a compound of the Formula IV: IV wherein R6 , R7 , R8 , R9 , R10, R11, and R12 are defined herein; in the presence of an olefin metathesis catalyst to form a compound of Formula I.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein the compound of the Formula III is a compound of the formula: III R 1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, OH, C1alkyl, and C1alkyl substituted with one to three groups independently selected from halo, hydroxy, C1alkoxy, and O-hydroxy protecting group; R 5 is selected from the group consisting of H, a hydroxyl protecting group, C1alkyl, C(O)R13, C(O)OR13, and C(O)NR14R 15, wherein each R13 is independently H or C1 alkyl, and wherein R14 and R15 are selected independently from the group consisting of H and C1alkyl; or R14 and R15, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound, form a 5- to 6-membered heterocyclic or heteroaromatic ring.
3. The process of claim 2, wherein R1 is H; R2 is C1alkyl and R5 is H. 47 (38363518_1):JIN
4. The process of claim 2, wherein R2 is -CH3.
5. The process of claim 1, wherein the compound of the Formula IV is a compound of the formula: IV R 6 is selected from the group consisting of H and C1alkyl; and R 7 is C1alkyl; R 8 , R9 , R10, and R11 are independently selected from the group consisting of H and C1 alkyl; and R 12 is selected from the group consisting of H, a hydroxyl protecting group, C1alkyl, C(O)R13, C(O)OR13, and C(O)NR14R 15, wherein each R13 is independently H or C1 alkyl, and wherein R14 and R15 are selected independently from the group consisting of H and C1alkyl; or R14 and R15, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound, form a 5- to 6-membered heterocyclic or heteroaromatic ring.
6. The process of claim 5, wherein R6 , R7 , R8 , and R11 are independently C1alkyl; R 9 and R10 are H; and R12 is C(O)R13, wherein R13 is C1alkyl.
7. The process of claim 5, wherein R6 , R7 , R8 , and R11 are -CH3; R9 and R10 are H; and R12 is C(O)R13, wherein R13 is -CH3.
8. The process of claim 1, wherein the compound of the Formula I is a compound selected from the group consisting of: ; ; 48 (38363518_1):JIN ; ; ; ; ; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts or antibody conjugate thereof.
9. A process for preparing a compound having Formula IV, or a stereoisomer, pharmaceutically acceptable salt or antibody conjugate thereof: IV wherein R6 is selected from the group consisting of H and C1alkyl; R 7 is C1alkyl; R 8 , R9 , R10, and R11 are independently selected from the group consisting of H and C1 alkyl; and R 12 is selected from the group consisting of H, a hydroxyl protecting group, C1alkyl, C(O)R13, C(O)OR13, and C(O)NR14R 15, wherein each R13 is independently H or C1 alkyl, and wherein R14 and R15 are selected independently from the group consisting of H and C1alkyl; or R14 and R15, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound, form a 5- to 6-membered heterocyclic or heteroaromatic ring; 49 (38363518_1):JIN the process comprising: contacting a compound of the Formula V: V wherein R8 is defined herein, with a reducing agent to obtain a compound of the Formula VI: VI wherein R8 is defined herein; contacting the compound of the Formula VI with a metal catalyst to obtain a compound of the Formula VII: VII wherein R8 is defined herein; contacting the compound of the Formula VII with a compound of the R7Li, wherein R7 is defined herein, with a metal salt to obtain a compound of the Formula VIII: VIII contacting the compound of the Formula VIII with an olefin metathesis catalyst, wherein R 7 and R8 are defined herein, to obtain a compound of the Formula IX: IX wherein R7 , R8 , R9 , R10, and R11 are defined herein; 50 (38363518_1):JIN converting the compound of the Formula IX to a compound of the Formula X: X wherein R6 , R7 , R8 , and R9 are defined herein, under reductive amination conditions; and contacting the compound of the Formula X with a compound of the Formula XI: XI wherein R10, R11, and R12 are defined herein;; to obtain a compound of the Formula IV.
10. The process of claim 9, wherein the reducing agent is a chiral reducing agent.
11. The process of claim 10, wherein the chiral reducing agent comprises a chiral oxazoborolidine.
12. The process of claim 9, wherein the metal catalyst effects an Achmatowicz rearrangement.
13. The process of claim 9, wherein the metal catalyst is VO(acac)2.
14. The process of claim 9, wherein the metal salt comprises CuBr.
15. The process of claim 9, wherein the compound of the Formula VI is a compound of the formula: wherein R8 is selected from the group consisting of H and C1alkyl. 51 (38363518_1):JIN
16. The process of claim 15, wherein R8 is -CH3.
17. The process of claim 9, wherein the compound of the Formula VII is a compound of the formula: wherein R8 is selected from the group consisting of H and C1alkyl.
18. The process of claim 17, wherein R8 is -CH3.
19. The process of claim 9, wherein, the compound of the Formula VIII is a compound of the formula: wherein R7 and R8 are independently C1alkyl.
20. The process of claim 9, wherein the compound of the Formula IX is a compound of the formula: wherein R6 is selected from the group consisting of H and C1alkyl; R 7 is C1alkyl; and R 8 is selected from the group consisting of H and C1alkyl.
21. The process of claim 9, wherein the compound of the Formula X is a compound of the formula: wherein R6 is selected from the group consisting of H and C1alkyl; R 7 is C1alkyl; and R 8 and R9 are independently selected from the group consisting of H and C1alkyl. 52 (38363518_1):JIN
22. The process of claim 9, wherein the compound of the Formula XI is a compound of the formula: R 10 and R11 are independently selected from the group consisting of H and C1alkyl; and R 12 is selected from the group consisting of H, a hydroxyl protecting group, C1alkyl, C(O)R13, C(O)OR13, and C(O)NR14R 15, wherein each R13 is independently H or C1 alkyl, and wherein R14 and R15 are selected independently from the group consisting of H and C1alkyl; or R14 and R15, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound, form a 5- to 6-membered heterocyclic or heteroaromatic ring.
23. The process of claim 22, wherein R11 is C1alkyl; R10 is H; and R12 is C(O)R13 , wherein R13 is C1alkyl.
24. The process of claim 22, wherein R11 is -CH3
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