NZ756484A

NZ756484A - Tuning of a kinematic relationship between members

Info

Publication number: NZ756484A
Application number: NZ756484A
Authority: NZ
Inventors: James Allington Christopher; Karl Diehl Andrew
Original assignee: Eddy Current Lp
Priority date: 2014-08-18
Filing date: 2014-08-18
Publication date: 2021-11-26
Also published as: NZ711084A; NZ761528A

Abstract

A clutch or brake comprising: At least one first member in a kinematic relationship with at least one further member to form a system, the system moving within a limited range of motion and wherein the system interacts when an external energising force is imposed on the system causing the members to respond due to their kinematic and dynamic characteristics and thereby creating relative motion between the members; and at least one trigger member mechanically coupled to the at least one first member that moves with respect to the first member in response to a pre-determined system movement and, when the at least one trigger member moves, the at least one trigger member or a part thereof imposes a braking action on the system or a member or members thereof, by an interaction between the trigger member and the further member, resisting relative movement between the trigger member and the further member; wherein the speed and/or intensity of the braking action imposed by the at least one trigger member on the system or a member or members thereof is controlled by the at least one trigger member rate of movement with respect to the first member and this rate of movement is in turn governed by a magnetic flux interaction between the at least one trigger member or a part thereof and the at least one first member or a part thereof causing formation of a magnetically-induced eddy current force between the at least one trigger member or a part thereof and the at least one first member or a part thereof, the eddy current force resisting movement of the trigger member with respect to the first member.

Description

TUNING OF A KINEMATIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MEMBERS RELATED APPLICATIONS This application derives priority from New Zealand patent application number 627633 and 711084 incorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD Described herein is a device comprising members in a kinematic relationship, the kinematic relationship at least partially governed by at least one magnetic flux interaction that, in effect, may provide a tuneable resistance to movement, changing the rate of relative movement between the members.

BACKGROUND ART Eddy current formation may be used in a variety of ways to adjust the rate of movement of a member.

Various apparatus exist, for example in abseiling, to control the descent of a climber or for example, in personal protective equipment scenarios to prevent an injury causing fall. Other applications that use eddy current generation are in controlling pay-out of line in trains, cable cars, zip line devices and roller coasters.

One art device is published as US2012/0055740. This device utilises a rotor assembly with arms that move relative to the rotor. The arms themselves may be conductive or magnetic or may have conductive or magnetic members attached thereto. When a rotational force is applied to the rotor, the arms move outwards from a central axis via centrifugal force and into a magnetic (or conductive) field.

As the arms move through the field, eddy currents are generated, the strength of which is dependent on the speed of rotation. As the speed of rotation reduces, the arms are drawn back towards the axis of rotation via springs and/or a reduced centrifugal force acting on the arms. This device is widely used and provides an excellent means of changing the relative speed of parts.

One aspect of the above apparatus is that control on the speed of activation of the braking effect caused by movement of the arms into the magnetic field can only be tuned by adjusting a few variables including bias strength, arm weight (and hence inertia) and pivot axis placement – influenced by either the degree of offset from a centre of mass of the arm and/or the degree of offset of the pivot axis from the rotor axis.

Tuning movement of the arms once movement commences via an additional input may also be useful depending on the end application of the device or at least it provides the public with a choice.

Further aspects and advantages of the device will become apparent from the ensuing description that is given by way of example only.

SUMMARY Described herein is a device comprising members in a kinematic relationship, the kinematic relationship at least partially governed by at least one magnetic flux interaction that, in effect, may provide a tuneable resistance to movement, changing the rate of relative movement between the members.

In a first aspect, there is provided a device comprising: at least one first member in a kinematic relationship with at least one further member to form a system, the system moving within a limited range of motion and wherein the system interacts when an external energising force is imposed on the system causing the members to respond due to their kinematic and dynamic characteristics and thereby creating relative motion between the members; at least one trigger member coupled to the at least the first member that moves in response to a pre-determined system movement and, when the at least one trigger member moves, the at least one trigger member or a part thereof imposes a braking action on the system or a member or members thereof; and, wherein the speed and/or intensity of the braking action imposed by the at least one trigger member on the system or a member or members thereof is controlled by the at least one trigger member rate of movement and this rate of movement is in turn governed by a magnetic flux interaction between the at least one trigger member or a part thereof and the at least one first member or a part thereof causing formation of a magnetically induced eddy current force between the at least one trigger member or a part thereof and the at least one first member or a part thereof.

In a second aspect, there is provided a line dispensing device incorporating at least one device substantially as described above.

In a third aspect, there is provided a passenger seat restraint incorporating at least one device substantially as described above.

In a fourth aspect, there is provided a transmission drive incorporating at least one device to engage a rotational drive substantially as described above.

In a fifth aspect, there is provided a linear guided lifeline incorporating at least one device substantially as described above.

Numerous other applications of the device may also be possible as further outlined in the description below.

One advantage of the above device includes the ability to control the rate of movement prescribed by the kinematic relationship. In addition, a further advantage of the device is to also influence the kinematic relationship once movement commences. The magnitude of the resistance to movement may be varied in a consistent manner as the members move or in a stepped or otherwise varied manner.

Tuning in this way may have the effect of avoiding unwanted activation or slowing the speed of activation of, for example, a brake engagement.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Further aspects of the device will become apparent from the following description that is given by way of example only and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1 illustrates a side view of one embodiment of a device with the trigger and first members in a magnetic relationship; Figure 2 illustrates an exploded perspective view of the trigger and first members in the embodiment described in Figure 1; Figure 3 illustrates a side view of an alternate embodiment incorporating a rod shaped trigger member; Figure 4 illustrates a side view of an alternate embodiment incorporating a sliding first member and a pivoting trigger member pawl; Figure 5 illustrates a side view of an alternative embodiment to Figure 4 incorporating a rod shaped first member; Figure 6 illustrates a side view of an alternative embodiment with a second member and latching member; Figure 7 illustrates an exploded perspective view of an alternative embodiment using a latching member; Figure 8 illustrates a side view of a further alternative embodiment with a second member and stationary first member pivotally attached to a trigger member; and Figure 9 illustrates a side view of a further alternative embodiment with a second member and stationary first member attached to a linearly translating trigger member.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION As noted above, described herein is a device comprising members in a kinematic relationship, the kinematic relationship at least partially governed by at least one magnetic flux interaction that, in effect, may provide a tuneable resistance to movement, changing the rate of relative movement between the members.

For the purposes of this specification, the term ‘about’ or ‘approximately’ and grammatical variations thereof mean a quantity, level, degree, value, number, frequency, percentage, dimension, size, amount, weight or length that varies by as much as 30, 25, 20, 15, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1% to a reference quantity, level, degree, value, number, frequency, percentage, dimension, size, amount, weight or length.

The term ‘substantially’ or grammatical variations thereof refers to at least about 50%, for example 75%, 85%, 95% or 98%.

The term 'comprise' and grammatical variations thereof shall have an inclusive meaning - i.e. that it will be taken to mean an inclusion of not only the listed components it directly references, but also other non-specified components or elements.

The term ‘energizing force’ and grammatical variations thereof refers to a force that acts to impose a rate of movement on an object.

The term ‘dynamic’ and grammatical variations thereof in the context of device or device part movement refers to forces induced by mechanical means.

In one embodiment, the at least one trigger member may comprise a magnetic part or parts that interact with a conductor part or parts on the at least one first member. Alternatively, the at least one trigger member may comprise a conductor part or parts that interact with a magnetic part or parts on the at least one first member.

The kinematic relationship between the system movement and the at least one trigger movement may be a non-linear response. The rate of movement of the at least one trigger member relative to the first member may slow as relative motion occurs. Alternatively, the rateof movement of the at least one trigger member relative to the first member may speed up as relative motion occurs. Further, the rate of movement of the at least one trigger member relative to the first member may cycle at least once between slower and faster relative motion. In one embodiment, a comparatively rapid change in rate of movement of the members may occur when the at least one trigger member and at least one first member move sufficiently far apart to cause a reduction in magnetic flux interaction between the members. For example, when the magnetic flux terminates the trigger and first members are able to move freely with no eddy current induced resistance. The transition from resistance to no resistance may be abrupt leading to a rapid change in rate of movement as noted above.

The device action may be further characterised by a variable and pre-determined rate of motion of the trigger member relative to the first member, the rate being determined by tuning the magnetic flux between the members. By way of example, the comparative rate of movement between the members may vary from fast, to slow, to moderately fast, before the members move apart and the eddy current induced force dissipates altogether.

Relative movement between the system and the at least one trigger member may be delayed until the pre-determined system movement occurs.

The system braking action imposed by the at least one trigger member or a part thereof may be caused by: latching, friction force, magnetic force interactions, and combinations thereof.

The rate at which the at least one trigger member moves relative to the at least one first member may be tuned by varying the resulting eddy current force between the at least one trigger member and the at least one first member.

The magnetically induced eddy current force may be tuned by varying at least one of: (a) the magnetic element surface area on or within the at least one trigger member or at least one first member; (b) the conductive region on or within the at least one trigger member or at least one first member; (c) the proximity of at least one magnetic element and at least one conductive region on the at least one trigger member and at least one first member; (d) the geometry and/or magnetic properties of the at least one magnetic element on or within the at least one trigger member or at least one first member; (e) the geometry and/or electrical properties of the at least one conductive element on or within the at least one trigger member or at least one first member; (f) and combinations thereof.

For example, the trigger member may include a magnetic element, the magnetic strength varying along the direction of travel. As the trigger member moves relative to the first member, the magnetic flux varies and therefore the eddy current induced force varies along the prescribed path of movement of the members.

As should be appreciated from the above, the members may take various shapes or weights, factors that influence the activation and/or rate of motion of the member or members during movement. The interaction may for example be continuous across a trigger and/or first member length or spaced apart or of varying dimensions to thereby adjust the flux occurring. The interacting portion of the trigger or other members may be the whole member or only a portion thereof. Where only a portion of the member interacts, the location of the interacting portion either on the exterior, interior or part of the member, can be altered.

The at least one trigger member and at least one first member may be positioned so that an immediate magnetically induced eddy current force induction occurs as soon as relative movement occurs between the members. In effect this means that when in an at rest position, the at least one trigger member and at least one first member are at least in part in a magnetic relationship together. As noted above however, the eddy current induced force may be tuned and, for example, the magnetic flux interaction may only commence after a degree of movement of the members and the above example should not be seen as limiting.

Movement of the trigger member described above may be direct – that is the trigger member moves directly due to the energising force. The trigger member may instead move indirectly or by proxy at least in part due to the energising force causing at least one additional mechanical part or force dynamic to move or interact with the trigger member and thereby subsequently causing motion of the trigger member. Indirect means may be a dynamic force transfer via another part such as a coupling or gear or a centrifugal force being imposed on the trigger member by direct force on another part. Indirect or proxy force transfer may have the advantage of being able to amplify the energising force.

Static or dynamic positional and/or strength adjustment of the point of action of the eddy current induced force may also be completed by: (a) adjusting the position of the magnetic element or conductive region on the trigger member as the trigger member or first member moves; and/or, (b) adjusting the position of the magnetic element or conductive region on the first member as the trigger member or first member moves.

By way of example, the trigger member may comprise a slot and a portion of the trigger member comprising the magnetic element or conductive region moves within the slot as the trigger member as a whole moves on application of the energizing force. This additional means of adjusting movement may be useful to further alter the force dynamics and hence the way the parts interact. For example, in a rotary movement embodiment where the trigger member induces an eddy current drag force on overall system movement, positional adjustment may affect both the eddy current drag force and position which in turn may alter the resisting torque on the trigger member. In a linear movement embodiment, positional adjustment might affect the eddy current force generated.

Relative movement between the trigger member and additional member or members may be frictionless. Magnetic forces such as the induced force noted above and any subsequent forces acting on the trigger member may avoid friction contact. This may be useful to minimise mechanical wearing on the parts.

In one embodiment, movement between the parts may be predominantly governed by dynamic forces.

The device may be free of liquid fluid with all movement between the parts due to dynamic forces.

Alternatively, the device may have some liquid fluid present but the predominant energising force on the device members may be dynamic force. Liquid based systems utilising magnetics to alter kinematic relationships exist but these devices differ to that described herein in that that are often bi-stable – that is, the parts are only stable in two positions. In addition, movement predominantly or wholly relies on a force or pressure build up from the liquid fluid as opposed to dynamic forces. Liquid based devices also have inherent difficulties associated with sealing the liquid and more regular maintenance being required to ensure reliable running.

As may be appreciated from the above, the at least one trigger member and at least one first member have a magnetic flux interaction leading to magnetically induced eddy current forces. The magnetic flux interaction may be provided by use of at least one magnetic element located on or within the at least one trigger member interacting with an electrically conductive region either on or within the at least one first member. Alternatively, the at least one magnetic flux interaction may be provided by use of at least one magnetic element located on or within the at least one first member interacting with a conductive region either on or within the trigger member. As should be appreciated, a wide variety of configurations may be undertaken to achieve the above relationships which assists with making the device very flexible as to exact design. In one embodiment, the whole trigger member may be magnetic or conductive and similarly, the whole first member may be magnetic or conductive. Alternatively, parts or regions of either member may be magnetic or conductive. Designs of member may also integrate the ability to remove and replace magnetic elements and/or conductive elements. Additionally, it should be appreciated that the term ‘conductive’ in the context of the above described magnet relationships refers to a material that a magnet interacts with that is electrically conductive. Further, the material may be ferromagnetic, or the material may be paramagnetic. The term ‘conductive’ should not be seen as limiting in terms of magnetic characteristics.

In one alternative embodiment, the device may include at least one second member independent to the at least one first member, the second member magnetically interacting with the at least one trigger member about at least a part of the at least one trigger member outside an area overlapping the at least one first member. This second member may be a series of magnets or conductive members and, when the trigger member moves into a region complementary to the second member, an eddy current induced force occurs between the trigger and second members. In one example, the second member may be stationary. Alternatively, the second member may move at a different relative speed to the at least one trigger member either in the same direction as the trigger member (but different speed) or, in an opposing direction.

In one variation on the above embodiment, the at least one first member may be fixed and the at least one trigger member moves on application of the energizing force, the movement of the at least one trigger member being urged by at least partial magnetic interaction with the at least one second member and, wherein movement of the at least one trigger member then induces a magnetic flux interaction between the at least one trigger member and at least one first member. The kinematic relationship in this variation may be prescribed by the at least one trigger member moving pivotally relative to the at least one first member. Alternatively, the kinematic relationship in this variation may be prescribed by the at least one trigger member moving via an independent translational path relative to the at least one first member.

In a further alternative, the at least one trigger member may engage with a further latching member or members upon relative movement of the at least one trigger member and at least one first member.

Engagement of the trigger member and latching member may result in no further relative motion between the first member and the latching member. This latching member may be useful to constrain movement of the kinematic relationship. The engagement may be releasable so as to re-set the device for further movement.

The at least one trigger member and the at least one first member or parts thereof may be approximately adjacent to each other.

The magnetic flux interaction may be at least partially orthogonal to the direction of relative motion between the at least one trigger member and at least one first member. In one embodiment, the members lie in the same plane adjacent each other and, when an energizing force is applied, the members move past each other but remain in the same plane relative to each other. A magnetic field or fields may extend at right angles to the member movement. As may be appreciated, whilst fully orthogonal placement may be optimal, other planar angles may also achieve the same or similar outcomes.

The trigger member may be an arm shaped member that rotates about an axis when the pre-determined system movement occurs. The kinematic relationship may be at least in part prescribed by the at least one trigger member being pivotally attached to the at least one first member about an axis of rotation.

The axis of rotation may be positioned so that movement of the first member causes rotational movement of the at least one trigger member about the axis of rotation. Movement of the at least one trigger member about the axis of rotation may rotate at least part of the at least one trigger member outside the area bound by the at least one first member. This kinematic relationship minimises the number of parts needed yet confers a useful movement path. The pivot attachment may be by use of a mechanical fastener or fasteners, bearings or other known components. Movement of the member or members may be constrained within a predetermined range by use of a stop or other means to limit movement.

In one specific embodiment, movement of the at least one first member on application of the energizing force may be rotational movement. In this embodiment: • The at least one first member may be a pawl or arm shaped member or members that are mechanically linked to a first member that is a rotor which rotates on application of the energizing force.

• The at least one trigger member may be positioned so that part of the at least one trigger member moves outside the region bound by the rotor on application of a sufficiently large energizing force.

• The at least one trigger member may be pivotally attached to the rotor about a pivot axis offset from the rotor axis.

The above embodiment may be useful to minimise the overall size of a device particularly where space does not allow for a linear track. The above device and mechanism may be integrated into a device similar to that described in US2012/0055740.

The at least one trigger member may alternatively be a rod shaped member that moves in a linear direction when the pre-determined system movement occurs. As noted, the kinematic relationship may be at least in part prescribed by the at least one trigger member moving via an independent translational path relative to the at least one first member. Movement of the at least one first member in this embodiment may be rotational about an axis of rotation such as where a rotor is used. Alternatively, movement of the at least one first member on application of an energizing force may be linear movement as in the example of using a carriage as the second member(s).

In a further alternative embodiment, movement of the at least one first member on application of the energizing force may be linear movement. In this embodiment: • The at least one trigger member may be a pawl or arm shaped member or members that are mechanically linked to a first member that is a carriage which translates linearly on application of the energizing force.

• The at least one trigger member may be pivotally attached to the carriage about a pivot axis offset from the line of motion of the carriage.

Linear embodiments of this nature may be useful where the first member or members move along a track such as in applications using long guidelines e.g. a train carriage or a gondola and the above described device acts to help brake the rate of movement of the carriage or gondola.

In a second aspect, there is provided a line dispensing device incorporating at least one device substantially as described above. Line dispensing devices such as auto belay devices are widely used to prevent falls in both recreational and industrial applications. In some cases, magnetically attracted relationships may be useful to tune the auto belay device characteristics. The at least one further member in the case of a line dispensing device may be a spool of line coupled directly or indirectly to the at least one first member. The external energising force imposed on the system in this embodiment may be caused by line being extended from or retracted onto the spool.

In a third aspect, there is provided a passenger seat restraint incorporating webbing for extending and retracting, the webbing operatively coupled to at least one device substantially as described above. One example of a passenger seat restraint may be a seat belt used in a vehicle such as a car. Seat belts are a critical safety feature and the above described device may provide a useful alternative to existing designs particularly given the ability to tune the response in the wide variety of ways noted.

The above examples should not be seen as limiting since the devices described may be used for a wide variety of other applications, non-limiting examples including control of: • a rotor in a rotary turbine; • exercise equipment e.g. rowing machines, epicyclic trainers; • roller-coasters and other amusement rides; • Elevator and escalator systems; • evacuation descenders and fire escape devices; • conveyer systems: • rotary drives in factory production facilities; • materials handling devices such as conveyer belts or a braking device in a chute; • dynamic display signage to control the rate of change of rotating signs; • roadside safety systems e.g. the eddy current brake may be connected in a system to provide crash attenuation though the dissipation of energy via the brake; • seat belts in vehicles; • braking mechanisms for trolleys and carriages.

As noted above, one advantage of the above device includes the ability to control the rate of movement prescribed by the kinematic relationship. In addition, a further advantage of the device is to also influence the kinematic relationship once movement commences. The magnitude of the resistance to movement may be varied in a consistent manner as the members move or in a stepped or otherwise varied manner. Tuning in this way may have the effect of avoiding unwanted activation or slowing the speed of activation of, for example, a brake engagement.

The embodiments described above may also be said to broadly consist in the parts, elements and features referred to or indicated in the specification of the application, individually or collectively, and any or all combinations of any two or more said parts, elements or features, and where specific integers are mentioned herein which have known equivalents in the art to which the embodiments relates, such known equivalents are deemed to be incorporated herein as of individually set forth, Where specific integers are mentioned herein which have known equivalents in the art to which this invention relates, such known equivalents are deemed to be incorporated herein as if individually set forth.

WORKING EXAMPLES The above described device is now described by reference to specific examples.

For ease of description in the examples, only a single trigger member and single first member are shown although it should be appreciated that multiple trigger and first members may be used.

Where described, a second member magnetic field through which the trigger member(s) move and a latching member are generally shown for prolixity as continuous regions. The second member, (if present at all) may for example be a series of discrete magnets or even just one magnet. Similarly, the latching member (if present) may take on various shapes or surface contours.

EXAMPLE 1 As shown in Figures 1 and 2, a kinematic relationship between a trigger 1 and first member 2 is described. For ease of drawing, additional members and member details have been removed.

In the Example, the trigger member 1 is a pawl or arm that is pivotally linked to a first member 2 drawn as a rotor with part of the rotor area removed for clarity. The pivoting link provides a pivot axis of rotation 3 around which the trigger member 1 can rotate relative to the first member 2 or vice versa. In this Example, the first member 2 rotates in direction X about rotor axis 4 when an energizing force is applied. On application of the energizing force that rotates the rotor in direction X, the trigger member 1 will, through combination of centrifugal forces and inertial forces, be urged to pivot about the pivot axis 3 so that a part of the trigger member 1 moves. The solid line image of the trigger member 1 shows the pawl in a resting or trigger position while the dotted line shows the pawl in a second position post movement 5 showing the trigger member 1 rotating about the pivot axis 3 in direction Y.

As shown, the trigger member 1 and first member 2 are approximately adjacent each other and in a constrained kinematic relationship relative to each other.

The trigger member 1 and first member 2 are in a magnetic relationship. As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the trigger member 1 includes a magnetic element 6. The magnetic element 6 may be a portion of the trigger member 1. The magnetic element 6 may be a separate item (6a in Figure 2) slotted into the trigger member 1 or hidden inside the trigger member 1 (not shown). On the first member 2 at a point complementary to the magnetic element 6 is a conductive region (shown as item 7 in Figure 2). As should be appreciated, the magnetic element 6 and conductive region 7 described above may be swapped so that the trigger member 2 contains the conductive region and the first member 2 contains the magnetic element.

The magnetic element may be the whole trigger member 1 or may have differing shapes to that shown in Figures 1 and 2. Similarly, the conductive region 7 in the first member 2 may be the whole first member 2 or parts of the first member 2.

In action, as the varying rate of motion occurs, at least one magnetically induced flux results between the trigger member 1 and first member 2 thereby forming a magnetically induced eddy current force between the members 1, 2 or a part thereof.

The magnetically induced eddy current force may act to resist relative movement between the members 1, 2 and the at least one first member 2. The magnetic flux may be tuned by varying a number of characteristics of the arrangement including altering the magnetic element 6 and/or conductive region 7 size and positioning; altering the proximity of the trigger and first members thereby altering the proximity of the magnetic element 6 and conductive region 7; and finally altering the geometry and/or magnetic/conductive properties of the magnetic element(s) 6 / conductive region(s) 7.

As shown in the Figures, the direction of the magnetically induced flux is in a direction substantially orthogonal to the direction of motion between the trigger member 1 and the first member 2 and the members 1, 2 lie in the same plane adjacent each other both at rest and during movement.

The embodiment described above may be integrated into a device similar to that described in US2012/0055740.

EXAMPLE 2 Referring to Figure 3, movement of the trigger member 1 may be linear in response to a rotational movement of the first member 2. As shown in Figure 3, the trigger member 1 may be a rod, the rod slotting into a hole or indentation (not shown) in the first member 2. The rod 1 may include a magnetic element 6 (or conversely, a conductive region), the choice of a magnetic element or conductive region depend on what the complementary part is on the first member 2. When rotation of the first member 2 occurs, the rod moves out of the hole or indentation in a linear translation shown as an arrow along direction Z in Figure 3.

EXAMPLE 3 Figures 4 and 5 illustrate an alternative embodiment where movement of the first member 2 occurs in a linear direction shown as arrow AA when an energizing force is applied.

The trigger member 1 may be a pawl or arm shaped member or members (one pawl shown for clarity) that are mechanically linked to a first member 2 that, in this example, is a carriage which translates linearly in direction AA on application of the energizing force along a surface or track 8.

In Figure 4, the at least one trigger member 1 pivots about a pivot axis 3 attached to the carriage 2 about a pivot axis 3 offset from the direction of motion AA of the carriage. The trigger member 1 includes a magnetic element (or conductive region) 6 and the first member 2 includes a complementary magnetic element or region (not shown) so that the trigger and first members 1, 2 are in a magnetic relationship.

Figure 5 illustrates the same principle of a linear movement first member 2, however in this case the trigger member 1 is a rod that moves in a linear manner as well, similar to that described in Example 2.

Linear embodiments of this nature may be useful where the first member 2 or members move along a track 8 such as in applications use long guidelines e.g. a train carriage or a gondola and the above described device acts to help brake the rate of movement of the carriage or gondola.

EXAMPLE 4 Figure 6 illustrate yet further embodiments of devices using the above described magnetic relationship between a trigger and first member 1, 2.

The device may include at least one second member 10 (drawn for ease of description as a shaded region) independent to the at least one first member 2, the second member 10 magnetically interacting with the trigger member 1 when the trigger member 1 moves away from the first member 2. This second member 10 may be a series of magnets or conductive regions and, when the trigger member 1 moves into a space complementary to the second member 10, an eddy current induced force occurs between the trigger 1 and second member 10.

The second member 10 may be stationary. Alternatively, the second member 10 may move at a different relative speed to the trigger member 1 either in the same direction as the trigger member 1 (but different speed) or, in an opposing direction. The second member 10 may for example be a series of magnets (not shown) outside and around the circumference of the first member 2.

EXAMPLE 5 As shown in Figures 6 and 7, the trigger member 1 may engage with a further latching member 20 upon movement of the trigger member 1 and first member 2. Engagement of the trigger member 1 and latching member 20 may result in no further relative motion between the first member 2 and the latching member 20. This latching member 20 may be useful to constrain movement of the kinematic relationship. The engagement may be releasable so as to re-set the device for further movement.

EXAMPLE 6 Figures 8 and 9 illustrate a different approach using the second member 10.

As shown in the Figures, the second member 10 is independent to the first member 2. The second member 10 magnetically interacts with the trigger member 1 about part of the trigger member 1 that extends partly beyond the overlapping region between the trigger member 1 and first member 2. The second member 10 may be a series of magnets or conductive members complementary to the trigger member 1 so as to cause a magnetic flux interaction to occur when the second member 10 moves relative to the trigger member 1.

With the trigger member 1 in a region complementary to the second member 10, an energizing force on the second member 10 causes a magnetically induced eddy current force to occur between the trigger 1 and second members 10 that encourages movement of the trigger member 1 relative to the first member 2.

The first member 2 may be stationary and the trigger member 1 moves on application of the energizing force, the movement of the trigger member 1 then induces a magnetic flux interaction between the trigger member 1 and the first member 2.

As shown in Figure 8, the kinematic relationship is prescribed by the trigger member 1 moving pivotally relative to the first member 2. Alternatively, and as shown in Figure 9, the kinematic relationship may be prescribed by the trigger member 1 moving via an independent linear translational path relative to the first member 2.

Aspects of the device have been described by way of example only and it should be appreciated that modifications and additions may be made thereto without departing from the scope of the claims herein.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A clutch or brake comprising: At least one first member in a kinematic relationship with at least one further member to form a system, the system moving within a limited range of motion and wherein the system interacts when an external energising force is imposed on the system causing the members to respond due to their kinematic and dynamic characteristics and thereby creating relative motion between the members; and at least one trigger member mechanically coupled to the at least one first member that moves with respect to the first member in response to a pre-determined system movement and, when the at least one trigger member moves, the at least one trigger member or a part thereof imposes a braking action on the system or a member or members thereof, by an interaction between the trigger member and the further member, resisting relative movement between the trigger member and the further member; wherein the speed and/or intensity of the braking action imposed by the at least one trigger member on the system or a member or members thereof is controlled by the at least one trigger member rate of movement with respect to the first member and this rate of movement is in turn governed by a magnetic flux interaction between the at least one trigger member or a part thereof and the at least one first member or a part thereof causing formation of a magnetically-induced eddy current force between the at least one trigger member or a part thereof and the at least one first member or a part thereof, the eddy current force resisting movement of the trigger member with respect to the first member.

2. The clutch or brake as claimed in claim 1 wherein the at least one trigger member comprises a magnetic part or parts that interact with a conductor part or parts on the at least one first member or wherein the at least one trigger member comprises a conductor part or parts that interact with a magnetic part or parts on the at least one first member.

3. The clutch or brake as claimed in claim 1 wherein the kinematic relationship between the system movement and the at least one trigger movement is a non-linear response.

4. The clutch or brake as claimed in claim 1 wherein the rate of movement of the at least one trigger member relative to the first member slows as relative motion occurs or the rate of movement of the at least one trigger member relative to the first member speeds up as relative motion occurs.

5. The clutch or brake as claimed in claim 1 wherein relative movement between the system and the at least one trigger member is delayed until the pre-determined system movement occurs.

6. The clutch or brake as claimed in claim 1 wherein the system braking action imposed by the at least one trigger member or a part thereof is caused by latching, friction, magnetic force interactions, or combinations thereof.

7. The clutch or brake as claimed in claim 1 wherein the rate at which the at least one trigger member moves relative to the at least one first member is tuned by varying the resulting eddy current force between the at least one trigger member and the at least one first member.

8. The clutch or brake as claimed in claim 7 wherein the magnetically induced eddy current force is tuned by varying at least one characteristic of the clutch or brake selected from the group consisting a magnetic element surface area on or within the at least one trigger member or at least one first member; a conductive region on or within the at least one trigger member or at least one first member; a proximity of at least one magnetic element and at least one conductive region on the at least one trigger member and at least one first member; a geometric and/or magnetic property of the at least one magnetic element on or within the at least one trigger member or at least one first member; and a geometric and/or electrical property of the at least one conductive element on or within the at least one trigger member or at least one first member.

9. The clutch or brake as claimed in claim 1 wherein the trigger member moves directly due to the energising force.

10. The clutch or brake as claimed in claim 1 wherein the trigger member moves indirectly at least in part due to the energising force causing at least one additional mechanical part or force dynamic to move or interact with the trigger member and thereby subsequently causing motion of the trigger member.

11. The clutch or brake as claimed in claim 1 wherein static or dynamic positional and/or strength adjustment of the point of action of the eddy current induced force is also completed by adjusting a position of the magnetic element or conductive region on the trigger member as the trigger member or first member moves or adjusting a position of the magnetic element or conductive region on the first member as the trigger member or first member moves.

12. The clutch or brake as claimed in claim 1 wherein the at least one trigger member and the at least one first member or parts thereof are approximately adjacent to each other.

13. The clutch or brake as claimed in claim 1 wherein the trigger member is an arm-shaped member that rotates about an axis when the pre-determined system movement occurs.

14. The clutch or brake as claimed in claim 1 wherein the at least one trigger member is a rod shaped member that moves in a linear direction when the pre-determined system movement occurs.

15. The clutch or brake as claimed in claim 1 wherein at least one second member is provided, the second member being independent to the at least one first member, and the second member magnetically interacting with the at least one trigger member about at least a part of the at least one trigger member outside an area overlapping the at least one first member.

16. The clutch or brake as claimed in claim 1 wherein the clutch or brake is incorporated within an apparatus selected from the group consisting of: a line-dispensing device wherein the at least one further member is a spool of line coupled directly or indirectly to the at least one first member and wherein the external energising force imposed on the system is caused by line being extended from or retracted onto the spool; a passenger seat restraint; a transmission drive; and a linear guided lifeline.

17. The clutch or brake as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first member is a rotor.

18. The clutch or brake as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first member is a carriage.