NZ754317B2

NZ754317B2 - Piperidinyl indole derivatives and their use as complement Factor B inhibitors

Info

Publication number: NZ754317B2
Application number: NZ754317A
Authority: NZ
Inventors: Christopher Adams; Michael Paul Capparelli; Takeru Ehara; Rajeshri Ganesh Karki; Nello Mainolfi; Chun Zhang
Original assignee: Novartis Ag
Priority date: 2013-07-15
Filing date: 2014-07-14
Publication date: 2021-06-29

Abstract

The present invention provides a compound of formula I: (I) a method for manufacturing the compounds of the invention, and its therapeutic uses as inhibitors of the complement alternative pathway, in particular of Factor B. The present invention further provides a combination of pharmacologically active agents and a pharmaceutical composition. tive agents and a pharmaceutical composition.

Description

PIPERIDINYL INDOLE DERIVATIVES AND THEIR USE AS COMPLEMENT FACTOR B INHIBITORS FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to the inhibition of the complement alternative pathway and particularly to inhibition of Factor B, in patients suffering from conditions and diseases associated with complement alternative pathway activation such as age-related macular ration, diabetic retinopathy and related ophthalmic diseases.

OUND OF THE INVENTION The complement system is a crucial component of the innate ty system and comprises a group of proteins that are normally present in an inactive state. These proteins are organized in three activation pathways: the classical, the lectin, and the alternative pathways (V.

M. Holers, In Clinical Immunology: Principles and Practice, ed. R.R. Rich, Mosby Press; 1996, 363- 391). Molecules from microorganisms, antibodies or cellular components can activate these pathways resulting in the formation of protease complexes known as the vertase and the C5-convertase. The classical pathway is a calcium/magnesium-dependent cascade, which is normally activated by the formation of antigen-antibody complexes. It can also be ted in an antibody-independent manner by the g of C-reactive protein complexed to ligand and by many pathogens including gram-negative bacteria. The alternative pathway is a magnesium- dependent cascade which is activated by deposition and activation of C3 on certain susceptible surfaces (e.g., cell wall polysaccharides of yeast and bacteria, and certain biopolymer als).

Factor B may be a suitable target for the inhibition of this ication of the ment pathways because its plasma concentration in humans is typically about 200 ug/mL (or about 2 uM), and it has been shown to be a al enzyme for activation of the alternative complement pathway (P.H. Lesavre and H.J. Miiller-Eberhard. J. Exp. Med., 1978; 148: 1498-1510; J.E.

Volanakis et al., New Eng. J. Med., 1985; 312:395-401).

Macular degeneration is a clinical term that is used to be a family of es that are characterized by a progressive loss of central vision associated with abnormalities of Bruch’s ne, the d, the neural retina and/or the retinal pigment epithelium. In the center of the retina is the macula lutea, which is about 1/3 to 1/2 cm in diameter. The macula provides detailed vision, particularly in the center (the fovea), because the cones are higher in density and because of the high ratio of ganglion cells to photoreceptor cells. Blood s, ganglion cells, inner nuclear layer and cells, and the plexiform layers are all displaced to the side (rather than resting above the photoreceptor cells), thereby allowing light a more direct path to the cones. Under the retina is the choroid, a part of the uveal tract, and the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE), which is n the neural retina and the choroid. The choroidal blood vessels provide nutrition to the retina and its visual cells.

Age-related r degeneration (AMD), the most ent form of macular degeneration, is associated with progressive loss of visual acuity in the central portion of the visual field, s in color vision, and abnormal dark adaptation and sensitivity. Two principal clinical manifestations of AMD have been described as the dry, or atrophic, form and the neovascular, or exudative, form.

The dry form is associated with atrophic cell death of the central retina or macula, which is required for fine vision used for activities such as reading, driving or recognizing faces. About 10-20% of these AMD patients progress to the second form of AMD, known as neovascular AMD (also referred to as wet AMD).

Neovascular AMD is characterized by the abnormal growth of blood vessels under the macula and vascular e, resulting in displacement of the retina, hemorrhage and scarring.

This s in a deterioration of sight over a period of weeks to years. Neovascular AMD cases originate from ediate or advanced dry AMD. The cular form accounts for 85% of legal blindness due to AMD. ln neovascular AMD, as the abnormal blood vessels leak fluid and blood, scar tissue is formed that destroys the central .

The new blood s in neovascular AMD are usually derived from the choroid and are referred to as choroidal neovascularizaton (CNV). The pathogenesis of new dal vessels is poorly understood, but such factors as inflammation, ischemia, and local production of angiogenic factors are thought to be important. A published study suggests that CNV is caused by complement activation in a mouse laser model (Bora P.S., J. lmmunol. 2005;174; 7).

Human genetic evidence implicates the involvement of the complement system, particularly the alternative pathway, in the pathogenesis of Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD).

Significant associations have been found n AMD and polymorphisms in complement factor H (CFH) (Edwards AO, et al. Complement factor H polymorphism and age-related macular degeneration. Science. 2005 Apr 15;308(5720):421-4; Hageman GS, et al A common ype in the complement regulatory gene factor H (HF1/CFH) predisposes individuals to age-related r degeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 May 17;102(20):7227-32; Haines JL, et al.

Complement factor H variant increases the risk of age-related macular degeneration. Science. 2005 Apr 15;308(5720):419—21; Klein RJ, et al Complement factor H polymorphism in age-related macular degeneration. Science. 2005 Apr 15;308(5720):385-9; Lau LI, et al. ation of the Y402H polymorphism in complement factor H gene and neovascular age-related macular degeneration in Chinese patients. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2006 Aug;47(8):3242-6; lli F, et al. Polymorphism p.402Y>H in the complement factor H protein is a risk factor for age related macular degeneration in an Italian population.Br J Ophthalmol. 2006 Sep;90(9):1142-5; and Zareparsi S, et al Strong ation of the Y402H variant in complement factor H at 1q32with susceptibility to age-related macular degeneration. Am J Hum Genet. 2005 Jul;77(1):149-53. ), complement factor B (CFB) and complement C2 (Gold B, et al. Variation in factor B (BF) and complement component 2 (C2) genes is associated with age-related macular degeneration. Nat Genet. 2006 Apr;38(4):458-62 and Jakobsdottir J, et al. C2 and CFB genes inage-related maculopathy and joint action with CFH and LOC387715 genes. PLoS One. 2008 May 21;3(5):e2199), and most recently in ment C3 (Despriet DD, et al Complement component C3 and risk of age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology. 2009 Mar;116(3):474-480.e2; Maller JB, et al ion in ment factor 3 is ated with risk of age-related macular degeneration. Nat Genet. 2007 Oct;39(10):1200-1 and Park KH, et al Complement component 3 (C3) haplotypes and risk of advanced age-related macular degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009 Jul;50(7):3386-93. Epub 2009 Feb 21.). Taken together, the genetic variations in the ative pathway components CFH, CFB, and C3 can predict clinical outcome in nearly 80% of cases.

Currently there is no proven medical therapy for dry AMD and many patients with neovascular AMD become legally blind despite current therapy with anti-VEGF agents such as Lucentis. Thus, it would be desirable to provide therapeutic agents for the treatment or prevention of complement mediated diseases and particularly for the treatment of AMD.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION This application is a divisional of NZ 715780, which is the national phase entry in New Zealand of PCT international application , filed 14 July 2014 and published as . This application claims the priority of US patent application 61/846,355, filed 15 July 2013, and US patent application 61/977,028, filed 8 April 2014. The contents of each of these applications are incorporated herein in their ty.

The present invention and the invention of NZ 715780 e nds that modulate, and preferably inhibit, activation of the alternative complement pathway.

In certain embodiments, the present invention provides compounds that te, and preferably t, Factor B activity and/or Factor B mediated complement pathway activation. Such Factor B modulators are preferably high affinity Factor B inhibitors that inhibit the catalytic activity of ment Factor B, such as primate Factor B and particularly human Factor B.

The compounds of the present invention t or suppress the ication of the ment system caused by C3 activation irrespective of the initial mechanism of activation (including for example tion of the classical, lectin or alternative pathways).

In a particular aspect, the present invention provides a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which is 4-((2S,4S)-(4-ethoxy((5-methoxymethyl-1H-indol yl)methyl)piperidinyl))benzoic acid In another particular aspect, the present invention provides for a nd, which is 4- ((2S,4S)-(4-ethoxy((5-methoxymethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)piperidinyl))benzoic acid hydrochloride H 44 HCl.

Various embodiments of the invention are described herein. It will be recognized that features specified in each embodiment may be combined with other specified features to provide further embodiments.

[FOLLOWED BY PAGE 4a] - 4a - Within certain aspects, Factor B tors provided herein are compounds of Formula I and salts and tautomers thereof: In another embodiment, the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound according to the tion of formula (I) or subformulae thereof and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers.

In another embodiment, the invention provides a combination, in ular a pharmaceutical combination, comprising a therapeutically effective amount of the compound according to the definition of formula (I) or subformulae thereof and one or more additional eutically active agents.

The invention further provides methods of treating or preventing complement mediated diseases, the method sing the steps of identifying a patient in need of complement modulation therapy and administering a compound of Formula (I) or a subformulae thereof.

Complement mediated diseases include ophthalmic diseases (including early or neovascular agerelated macular degeneration and geographic atrophy), autoimmune diseases ding arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis), Respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases.

Other aspects of the invention are discussed infra .

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION As noted above, the present invention provides compounds that te Factor B activation and/or Factor B-mediated signal transduction of the ment system. Such compounds may be used in vitro or in vivo to modulate (preferably inhibit) Factor B activity in a y of contexts.

In a first embodiment, the invention provides nds of Formula I and salts and tautomers thereof, which modulate the ative pathway of the complement system.

Compounds of a I are represented by the structure: [FOLLOWED BY PAGE 5] WO 09616 n is 0, 1 or 2; R is hydrogen, C1-C4alkyl, or hydroxyC1-C4alkyl; R1 is halogen, hydroxy, C1-Csalkyl, Cz-Csalkenyl, Cs-Cscycloalkyl, C1-Csalkoxy, haloC1- Csalkyl, hydroxyC1-Csalkyl, aminoC1-Csalkyl, C1-CsalkoxyC1-Csalkyl, C1-CsalkoxyC1-Csalkoxy, Cs- Cscycloalkle1-Csalkoxy, haloC1-Csalkoxy, -S(O)pC1-Csalkyl, -CH2NHC(O)C1-C4alkyl or - OCHZC(O)R7, p is 0, 1, or 2; R2 is C1-Csalkyl, C1-Caalkoxy, hydroxyC1-Caalkyl or halogen; R3 is hydrogen, halogen, cyano, C1-C4alkyl, haloC1-C4alkyl, -CHZC(O)R7, phenyl or 5 or 6 member heteroaryl having 1, 2 or 3 ring heteroatoms independently selected from N, O or 8, wherein the phenyl or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with 0, 1, or 2 C1-C4alkyl groups, and wherein alkyl and haloalkyl optionally substituted with 0 or 1 hydroxy; R4 is phenyl, yl or heteroaryl, where the heteroaryl is a five or six member heteroaryl having 1, 2 or 3 ring atoms ndently selected from N, O or S, and where the phenyl or heteroaryl is optionally substituted by R5 and further tuted by 0 or 1 substituents ed from halogen, C1-C4alkyl, C1-C4alkoxy, hydroxy C1-C4alkyl, hydroxy, and cyanomethyl; R5 is 8, -CHZC(O)R8, R9, -C(O)NHSOZC1-C4alkyl, -SOZNHC(O)C1-C4alkyl, - SOZN(H)m(C1-C4alkyl)2-m, -SOZC1-C4alkyl, cyano, halogen, hydroxyC1-C4alkyl and 5 member heteroaryl having 1-4 ring en atoms and 0 or 1 ring sulfur or oxygen atoms; m is 0, 1, or 2; Wis 0 or C(R6)2; R6 is independently selected at each occurrence from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, amino, mono- and di- C1-C4alkylamino, C1-C4alkyl, hydroxyC1-C4alkyl, cyanoC1-C4alkyl or C1-C4alkoxy; or WO 09616 2014/046515 _ 5 _ C(R6)2, taken in combination, form a spirocyclic carbocycle having 3 to 6 ring atoms; R7 is hydroxy, C1-C4alkoxy, amino or mono- and di-C1-C4alkylamino; R8 is hydroxy, C1-C4alkoxy, amino or a 5 to 7 member saturated heterocycle having 1, 2, or 3 ring heteroatoms independently selected from N, O or S; or R8 is mono- and di-C1-C4alkylamino which is unsubstituted or substituted with halogen, hydroxy or C1-C4alkyl; and R9 is a 5 membered heteroaryl having 1 to 4 ring nitrogen atoms and 0 or 1 ring oxygen or sulfur atoms, which cycle is optionally substituted by 0 to 2 Ci-C4alkyl groups.

In a second embodiment, the invention provides compounds, salts thereof and tautomers thereof of the first embodiment, in which n is 0 or 1. In certain compounds of the second embodiment, n is 1.

In a third embodiment, the invention provides nds, salts thereof and tautomers f of the first or second embodiment in which W is CHR6 or C(CH3)R6.

In a fourth embodiment, the invention provides compounds, salts thereof and tautomers thereof of any one of embodiments 1 to 3 in which R1 is hydrogen, C1-C4alkyl, C1-C4alkoxy, or cyclopropyl.

In a fifth embodiment, the invention provides compounds, salts f and tautomers thereof of any one of embodiments 1 to 4 in which R2 is C1-C4alkyl. In certain compounds of the fifth embodiment, R2 is methyl.

In a sixth embodiment, the invention provides compounds, salts thereof and ers thereof of any one of embodiments 1 to 5 in which R3 is hydrogen, halogen or C1-C4alkyl. In certain compounds of the sixth embodiment, R3 is hydrogen or R3 is chloro or bromo or R3 is methyl. In certain other compounds of the sixth embodiment, R3 is hydrogen.

In a seventh embodiment, the invention provides compounds, salts f and tautomers thereof of any one of embodiments 1 to 6 in which R3 is hydrogen.

In an eighth embodiment, the invention provides nds, salts thereof and tautomers thereof of any one of embodiments 1 to 7 in which the compound is represented by Formula (Ila) or (llb): (Ila) or R2 (llb).

Certain preferred compounds of the eighth embodiment include compounds represented by Formula (llc) (lld) or (lle): R4 R6 R2 (llc) or R2 (lld) or R2 (lle) In a ninth embodiment, the invention es compounds, salts f and tautomers thereof of any one of embodiments 1 to 8 in which the compound is represented by Formula (Illa) or (lllb): _ 8 _ / R5 x R6 \ Me x R6 R3 N R1 R3 / R1 R2 H (Illa) or R2 (Illb) Wherein X is N or CH. n preferred compounds of the ninth embodiment include compounds represented by Formula (Illc), (Illd) or (Ille): R2 (Illc) or R2 (Illd) or X 6 \ l], 1,, "\\\R R2 (Ille).

In a tenth embodiment, the invention provides compounds, salts thereof and tautomers thereof of any one of embodiments 1 to 8 in which R4 is pyridinyl which is substituted para to the piperidine ring with R5.

In an th embodiment, the invention provides compounds, salts thereof and tautomers thereof of any one of embodiments 1 to 8 in which R4 is phenyl substituted para to the dine ring with R5 and optionally substituted with fluoro, methoxy, hydroxymethyl or hydroxy.

In a twelvth embodiment, the invention provides compounds, salts thereof and tautomers thereof of any one of embodiments 1 to 8 in which R4 is phenyl tuted para to the piperidine ring with R5.

In a thirtheenth ment, the invention provides compounds, salts thereof and tautomers thereof of any one of ments 1 to 8 in which Formula (lVa) or (lVb): / R1 R2 H (We) or R2 (lVb).

Certain preferred compounds of the thirteenth embodiment include nds represented by Formula (ch), (lVd) or (We): 0Ill/I, R6 R5 R5 R3 R3 R1 R1 N N H H R2 (ch) or R2 (lVd) or .

R5/Olllh, .\\\\R6 R2 (We).

In a fourteenth embodiment, the invention provides compounds, salts f and tautomers thereof of any one of embodiments 1 to 13 in which R5 is COZH, COZNHZ, SOZNHZ or tetrazolyl.

In another embodiment, pharmaceutical compositions are ed which comprise one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and a eutically effective amount of a compound of any one of formulae I, II, III or IV, or a subformulae thereof.

In another embodiment, combinations, in particular pharmaceutical combinations, are provided which se a therapeutically ive amount of the compound any one of formulae I, II, III or IV or a subformulae thereof.

In another embodiment, methods of modulating complement alternative pathway activity in a t are provided which methods comprise administering to the subject a eutically effective amount of any one of formulae I, II, III or IV, or a subformulae thereof.

In yet other embodiments, methods of treating a disorder or a disease in a subject mediated by complement activation, in particular mediated by tion of the complement ative pathway, are provided, which methods comprise administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of any one of formulae I, II, III, IV, or a subformulae thereof.

In another embodiment, methods of treating age related macu|ar degeneration in a subject are ed which methods comprise administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the nd of any one of formulae I, II, III, IV, or a subformulae thereof.

In another aspect, the invention provides for the use of compounds of any one of formulae I, II, III, IV, or a subformulae thereof for use in the preparation of a medicament and more particularly for use in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a disorder or disease in a subject mediated by complement activation or activation of the complement alternative pathway. In certain other aspects, the invention provides for the use of a compound ing of any one of formulae I, II, III, IV, or a subformulae thereof in the treatment of age-related r degeneration.

In one embodiment, the invention es a combination, in particular a pharmaceutical combination, comprising a therapeutically effective amount of the compound ing to the definition of formula (I), (la) or subformulae thereof or any one of the icaIIy disclosed compounds of the invention and one or more therapeutically active agents (preferably selected from those listed infra).

For purposes of interpreting this specification, the following definitions will apply and whenever appropriate, terms used in the singular will also include the plural and vice versa.

As used herein, the term "alkyl" refers to a fully saturated branched or unbranched hydrocarbon moiety having up to 20 carbon atoms. Unless othenNise provided, aIkyI refers to 2014/046515 hydrocarbon moieties having 1 to 16 carbon atoms, 1 to 10 carbon atoms, 1 to 7 carbon atoms, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Representative examples of alkyl include, but are not d to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso—propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, iso—butyl, tert—butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, n-hexyl, 3-methylhexyl, 2,2- ylpentyl, 2,3-dimethylpentyl, n—heptyl, n-octyl, n—nonyl, n—decyl and the like.

As used herein, the term "a|ky|ene" refers to divalent alkyl group as defined herein above having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. It ses 1 to 20 carbon atoms, Unless othenNise provided, a|ky|ene refers to moieties having 1 to 16 carbon atoms, 1 to 10 carbon atoms, 1 to 7 carbon atoms, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Representative examples of a|ky|ene include, but are not limited to, methylene, ethylene, n—propylene, iso-propylene, lene, sec-butylene, iso-butylene, tert- butylene, n—pentylene, isopentylene, neopentylene, n—hexylene, 3-methylhexylene, 2,2- ylpentylene, 2,3-dimethylpentylene, n—heptylene, n—octylene, n—nonylene, n-decylene and the like.

As used , the term "haloalkyl" refers to an alkyl as defined herein, that is substituted by one or more halo groups as defined herein. The haloalkyl can be monohaloalkyl, dihaloalkyl or polyhaloalkyl including perhaloalkyl. A monohaloalkyl can have one iodo, bromo, chloro or fluoro within the alkyl group. Dihaloalky and polyhaloalkyl groups can have two or more of the same halo atoms or a combination of different halo groups within the alkyl. Typically the polyhaloalkyl contains up to 12, or 10, or 8, or 6, or 4, or 3, or 2 halo groups. Non-limiting examples of haloalkyl include fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, methyl, dichloromethyl, trichloromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, heptafluoropropyl, rochloromethyl, dichlorofluoromethyl, difluoroethyl, difluoropropyl, dichloroethyl and dichloropropyl. A perhaloalkyl refers to an alkyl having all hydrogen atoms ed with halo atoms.

The term "aryl" refers to an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6-20 carbon atoms in the ring portion. Typically, aryl is monocyclic, bicyclic or lic aryl having 6-20 carbon atoms.

Furthermore, the term "aryl" as used herein, refers to an aromatic substituent which can be a single aromatic ring, or multiple aromatic rings that are fused together.

Non-limiting examples e phenyl, naphthyl or ydronaphthyl, each of which may optionally be substituted by 1-4 substituents, such as alkyl, trifluoromethyl, cycloalkyl, halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, acyl, alkyl-C(O)-O-, aryl-O-, heteroaryl-O-, amino, thiol, alkyl-S-, aryl-S-, nitro, cyano, carboxy, alkyl-O-C(O)—, carbamoyl, alkyl-S(O)—, sulfonyl, sulfonamido, phenyl, and cyclyl.

As used herein, the term "alkoxy" refers to alkyl-O-, wherein alkyl is defined herein above.

Representative es of alkoxy include, but are not limited to, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, 2- propoxy, butoxy, tert—butoxy, pentyloxy, hexyloxy, cyclopropyloxy-, cyclohexyloxy- and the like.

Typically, alkoxy groups have about 1-7, more preferably about 1-4 carbons.

As used herein, the term "heterocyclyl" or "heterocyclo" refers to a saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic ring or ring system, e.g., which is a 4-, 5-, 6-, or ered monocyclic, 7-, 8-, 9-, -, 11-, or bered bicyclic or 10-, 11-, 12—, 13-, 14- or 15-membered tricyclic ring system and contains at least one heteroatom selected from O, S and N, where the N and S can also optionally be oxidized to various oxidation states. The heterocyclic group can be attached at a heteroatom or a carbon atom. The heterocyclyl can include fused or bridged rings as well as spirocyclic rings. Examples of heterocycles include tetrahydrofuran (THF), ofuran, 1, 4- e, morpholine, 1,4-dithiane, piperazine, piperidine, 1,3-dioxolane, olidine, imidazoline, pyrroline, pyrrolidine, tetrahydropyran, dihydropyran, oxathiolane, dithiolane, 1,3-dioxane, 1,3- dithiane, oxathiane, thiomorpholine, and the like.

The term "heterocyclyl" further refers to heterocyclic groups as d herein substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently ed from the groups consisting of the following: (a) alkyl; (b) hydroxy (or protected hydroxy); (c) halo; (d) oxo, i.e., =0; (e) amino, mino or dialkylamino; (f) alkoxy; (g) cycloalkyl; (h) carboxyl; (i) heterocyclooxy, wherein heterocyclooxy denotes a heterocyclic group bonded through an oxygen bridge; (j) alkyl-O-C(O)—; (k) to; (l) nitro; (m) cyano; (n) sulfamoyl or sulfonamido; (o) aryl; (I0) alkyl-C(O)-O-; (<1) aryI-C(O)-O-; (r) aryl-S-; (s) aryloxy; _ 20 _ (t) alkyl-S-; (u) formyl, i.e., HC(O)—; (v) carbamoyl; (w) aryl-alkyl-; and (x) aryl substituted with alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, alkyl-C(O)—NH-, alkylamino, dialkylamino or halogen.

As used herein, the term "cycloalkyl" refers to saturated or unsaturated monocyclic, bicyclic or lic hydrocarbon groups of 3-12 carbon atoms. Unless othenNise provided, cycloalkyl refers to cyclic arbon groups having between 3 and 9 ring carbon atoms or n 3 and 7 ring carbon atoms, each of which can be optionally substituted by one, or two, or three, or more tuents independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, halo, oxo, hydroxy, alkoxy, alkyl-C(O)—, acylamino, carbamoyl, alkyl-NH-, (alkyl)2N-, thiol, alkyl-S-, nitro, cyano, carboxy, alkyl- O-C(O)—, sulfonyl, sulfonamido, sulfamoyl, and cyclyl. Exemplary monocyclic hydrocarbon groups include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexyl and cyclohexenyl and the like. Exemplary bicyclic arbon groups include bornyl, indyl, hexahydroindyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, decahydronaphthyl, bicyclo[2.1.1]hexyl, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptenyl, 6,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]heptyl, 2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]heptyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl and the like. Exemplary tricyclic hydrocarbon groups include adamantyl and the like.

As used herein, the term oaryl" refers to a 5-14 ed monocyclic- or bicyclic— or tricyclic-aromatic ring system, having 1 to 8 heteroatoms selected from N, O or 8. Typically, the heteroaryl is a 5-10 membered ring system (e.g., 5-7 membered monocycle or an 8-10 memberred e) or a 5-7 membered ring system. Typical heteroaryl groups include 2— or 3-thienyl, 2— or 3- furyl, 2— or olyl, 2-, 4-, or 5-imidazolyl, 3-, 4-, or 5- pyrazolyl, 2-, 4-, or 5-thiazolyl, 3-, 4-, or 5- isothiazolyl, 2-, 4-, or 5-oxazolyl, 3-, 4-, or 5-isoxazolyl, 3- or 5-1,2,4-triazolyl, 4- or 5-1,2, 3-triazolyl, tetrazolyl, 2-, 3-, or 4-pyridyl, 3- or 4-pyridazinyl, 3-, 4-, or 5-pyrazinyl, 2—pyrazinyl, and 2-, 4-, or 5- pyrimidinyl.

The term oaryl" also refers to a group in which a aromatic ring is fused to one or more aryl, cycloaliphatic, or heterocyclyl rings, where the radical or point of attachment is on the heteroaromatic ring. Nonlimiting es include 1-, 2-, 3-, 5-, 6-, 7-, or 8- indolizinyl, 1-, 3-, 4-, 5- , 6-, or 7-isoindolyl, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, or 7-indolyl, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, or 7-indazolyl, 2-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, or 8- purinyl, 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 6-, 7-, 8-, or 9-quinolizinyl, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, or 8-quinoliyl, 1-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6- , 7-, or 8-isoquinoliyl, 1-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, or 8-phthalazinyl, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-naphthyridinyl, 2-, 3- , 5-, 6-, 7-, or 8-quinazolinyl, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, or 8-cinnolinyl, 2-, 4-, 6-, or 7-pteridinyl, 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, or 8—4aH carbazolyl, 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, or 8—carbzaolylcarbazolyl, 1-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, 8—, or 9-carbolinyl, 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 6-, 7-, 8—, 9-, or 10-phenanthridinyl, 1- , 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, 8—, or 9- acridinyl, 1-, 2-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, 8—, or 9-perimidinyl, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 8—, 9-, or 10-phenathrolinyl, 1-, 2- , 3-, 4-, 6-, 7-, 8—, or 9-phenazinyl, 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 6-, 7-, 8—, 9-, or 10-phenothiazinyl, 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 6-, 7-, 8—, 9-, or 10-phenoxazinyl, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, or l-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, 8—, 9-, or 10- benzisoqinolinyl, 2-, 3-, 4-, or [2,3-b]furanyl, 2-, 3-, 5-, 6-, 7-, 8—, 9-, 10 -, or 11-7H-pyrazino[2,3-c]carbazolyl,2-, 3-, 5-, 6-, or 7-2H- furo[3,2-b]—pyranyl, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 7-, or 8—5H-pyrido[2,3-d]—o-oxazinyl, 1-, 3-, or 5- 1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]—oxazolyl, 2-, 4-, or idazo[4,5-d] thiazolyl, 3-, 5-, or 8—pyrazino[2,3- d]pyridazinyl, 2-, 3-, 5-, or 6- imidazo[2,1-b] thiazolyl, 1-, 3-, 6-, 7-, 8—, or 9-furo[3,4-c]cinnolinyl, 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 8—, 9-, 10, or 11-4H-pyrido[2,3-c]carbazolyl, 2-, 3-, 6-, or 7-imidazo[1,2— b][1,2,4]triazinyl, 7-benzo[b]thienyl, 2-, 4-, 5- , 6-, or oxazolyl, 2-, 4-, 5-, 6-, or 7- benzimidazolyl, 2-, 4-, 4-, 5-, 6-, or 7-benzothiazolyl, 1-, 2-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, 8—, or 9- benzoxapinyl, 2-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, or 8—benzoxazinyl, 1-, 2-, 3-, 5-, 6-, 7-, 8—, 9-, 10-, or 11-1H-pyrrolo[1,2- b][2]benzazapinyl. Typical fused heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7- , or 8—quinolinyl, 1-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, or 8—isoquinolinyl, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, or 7-indolyl, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, or 7-benzo[b]thienyl, 2-, 4-, 5- , 6-, or oxazolyl, 2-, 4-, 5-, 6-, or 7-benzimidazolyl, and 2-, 4-, -, 6-, or othiazolyl.

A heteroaryl group may be substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the groups consisting of the ing: (a) alkyl; (b) hydroxy (or protected hydroxy); (c) halo; (d) oxo, i.e., =0; (e) amino, alkylamino or dialkylamino; (f) alkoxy; (g) cycloalkyl; (h) carboxyl; (i) heterocyclooxy, wherein heterocyclooxy denotes a heterocyclic group bonded h an oxygen bridge; (j) alkyl-O-C(O)—; (k) mercapto; (l) nitro; (m) cyano; (n) oyl or sulfonamido; (o) aryl; (I0) alkyl-C(O)-O-; (<1) aryl-C(O)-O-; (r) aryl-S-; (s) aryloxy; (t) alkyl-S-; (u) formyl, i.e., HC(O)—; (v) carbamoyl; (w) aryl-alkyl-; and (x) aryl substituted with alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, alkyl-C(O)—NH-, mino, dialkylamino or halogen.

As used herein, the term "halogen" or "halo" refers to fluoro, chloro, bromo, and iodo.

As used herein, the term "optionally substituted" unless othenNise specified refers to a group that is unsubstituted or is substituted by one or more, typically 1, 2, 3 or 4, suitable non-hydrogen substituents, each of which is independently selected from the group consisting of: (a) alkyl; (b) hydroxy (or protected hydroxy); (c) halo; (d) oxo, i.e., =0; (e) amino, alkylamino or dialkylamino; (f) alkoxy; (g) cyc|oa|ky|; (h) carboxyl; (i) heterocyclooxy, wherein heterocyclooxy s a heterocyclic group bonded through an oxygen bridge; (j) a|ky|-O-C(O)—; (k) mercapto; (l) nitro; (m) cyano; (n) oyl or sulfonamido; (o) aryl; (I0) alkyl-C(O)-O-; (<1) aryl-C(O)-O-; (r) aryl-S-; (s) aryloxy; (t) alkyl-S-; (u) formyl, i.e., HC(O)—; (v) carbamoyl; (w) aryl-alkyl-; and (x) aryl tuted with alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, alkyl-C(O)—NH-, alkylamino, dialkylamino or halogen.

As used herein, the term "isomers" refers to different compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in arrangement and configuration of the atoms. Also as used herein, the term "an optical isomer" or "a stereoisomer" refers to any of the s stereo isomeric configurations which may exist for a given compound of the present invention and includes geometric isomers. It is understood that a substituent may be attached at a chiral center of a carbon atom. Therefore, the invention includes enantiomers, diastereomers or racemates of the compound. "Enantiomers" are a pair of stereoisomers that are non- superimposable mirror images of each other. A 1:1 mixture of a pair of enantiomers is a "racemic" mixture. The term is used to designate a racemic mixture where appropriate. The use of "rel" indicates that the diastereomeric orientation is known but the absolute stereochemistry is not. For example, the moniker "rel-28,48", as used herein, indicates the relative stereochemistry at the 2 and 4 positions is either 28,48 or in the alternative 2R,4R. The absolute stereochemistry has not been determined but the optical rotation and/or chiral chromatography conditions will indicate which isomer is present.

"Diastereoisomers" are isomers that have at least two asymmetric atoms, but which are not mirror-images of each other. The absolute stereochemistry is specified ing to the Cahn- lngold- Prelog R-S system. When a compound is a pure enantiomer the stereochemistry at each chiral carbon may be specified by either R or 8. Resolved compounds whose absolute configuration is n can be designated (+) or (-) depending on the direction (dextro- or levorotatory) which they rotate plane polarized light at the ngth of the sodium D line or retention time on chiral chromatography separation. Certain of the nds bed herein contain one or more asymmetric centers or axes and may thus give rise to enantiomers, diastereomers, and other stereoisomeric forms that may be d, in terms of absolute stereochemistry, as (R)— or (S)—, or with the (+) or (-) sign. The t invention is meant to include all such possible isomers, ing racemic mixtures, optically pure forms and intermediate mixtures. lly active (R)— and (S)— isomers may be prepared using chiral synthons or chiral _ 24 _ reagents, or resolved using conventional techniques. If the compound contains a double bond, the substituent may be E or Z configuration. If the compound contains a disubstituted cycloalkyl, the cycloalkyl substituent may have a cis- or trans-configuration.

All tautomeric forms are also intended to be included.

As used herein, the terms "salt" or "salts" refers to an acid addition or base addition salt of a compound of the invention. "Salts" include in particular "pharmaceutical acceptable . The term "pharmaceutically able salts" refers to salts that retain the biological effectiveness and properties of the compounds of this ion and, which typically are not biologically or otherwise undesirable. In many cases, the compounds of the present invention are capable of forming acid and/or base salts by virtue of the presence of amino and/or carboxyl groups or groups similar Pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts can be formed with inorganic acids and organic acids. lnorganic acids from which salts can be derived include, for e, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, oric acid, and the like.

Organic acids from which salts can be derived include, for example, acetic acid, propionic acid, glycolic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, mandelic acid, methanesulfonic acid, sulfonic acid, benzenesuflonic acid, toluenesulfonic acid, sulfosalicylic acid, and the like.

Pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salts can be formed with inorganic and organic bases. lnorganic bases from which salts can be d include, for example, ammonium salts and metals from columns | to XII of the ic table. In certain embodiments, the salts are derived from sodium, potassium, ammonium, calcium, magnesium, iron, silver, zinc, and copper; particularly le salts include ammonium, potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium salts.

Organic bases from which salts can be d include, for e, primary, ary, and tertiary amines, substituted amines including naturally occurring substituted amines, cyclic amines, basic ion exchange , and the like. Certain organic amines e isopropylamine, benzathine, cholinate, diethanolamine, diethylamine, lysine, meglumine, piperazine and tromethamine.

In another aspect, the present invention provides compounds of formula I in acetate, ascorbate, adipate, aspartate, benzoate, besylate, bromide/hydrobromide, bicarbonate/carbonate, bisulfate/sulfate, camphorsulfonate, caprate, de/hydrochloride, chlortheophyllonate, citrate, ethandisulfonate, fumarate, gluceptate, gluconate, glucuronate, glutamate, glutarate, glycolate, hippurate, hydroiodide/iodide, isethionate, lactate, lactobionate, laurylsulfate, malate, maleate, malonate, mandelate, mesylate, methylsulphate, , naphthoate, napsylate, nicotinate, e, octadecanoate, oleate, oxalate, palmitate, e, phosphate/hydrogen phosphate/dihydrogen phosphate, polygalacturonate, propionate, sebacate, stearate, succinate, alicylate, sulfate, tartrate, te trifenatate, trifluoroacetate or xinafoate salt form. In yet r aspect, the present invention provides compounds of formula I in C1-C4alkyl sufonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid or mono-, di- or tri- C1-C4alkyl substituted benzene sufonic acid addition salt form.

In another aspect, the present invention provides (-)-(S)—4-(1-((5-cyclopropylmethyl-1H- indolyl)methyl)piperidinyl)benzoic acid in acetate, ascorbate, adipate, aspartate, benzoate, besylate, bromide/hydrobromide, bicarbonate/carbonate, ate/sulfate, camphorsulfonate, caprate, chloride/hydrochloride, chlortheophyllonate, citrate, ethandisulfonate, fumarate, gluceptate, gluconate, glucuronate, glutamate, ate, glycolate, hippurate, hydroiodide/iodide, isethionate, lactate, lactobionate, laurylsulfate, malate, maleate, te, mandelate, te, methylsulphate, mucate, naphthoate, napsylate, nate, nitrate, octadecanoate, oleate, oxalate, palmitate, pamoate, phosphate/hydrogen phosphate/dihydrogen phosphate, polygalacturonate, propionate, sebacate, stearate, ate, sulfosalicylate, sulfate, tartrate, tosylate trifenatate, trifluoroacetate or xinafoate salt form. In yet another aspect, the present invention provides compounds of formula I in C1-C4alkyl sufonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid or mono-, di- or tri- C1- C4alkyl substituted benzene sufonic acid addition salt form.

In another , the present ion provides (-)((28,4S)—1-((5-methoxymethyl-1H- indolyl)methyl)propoxypiperidinyl)benzoic acid in acetate, ate, adipate, aspartate, benzoate, besylate, bromide/hydrobromide, bicarbonate/carbonate, bisulfate/sulfate, camphorsulfonate, caprate, chloride/hydrochloride, chlortheophyllonate, citrate, ethandisulfonate, te, gluceptate, gluconate, onate, glutamate, glutarate, glycolate, hippurate, hydroiodide/iodide, isethionate, lactate, lactobionate, laurylsulfate, malate, maleate, malonate, mandelate, te, sulphate, mucate, naphthoate, napsylate, nicotinate, nitrate, octadecanoate, oleate, oxalate, palmitate, pamoate, phosphate/hydrogen phosphate/dihydrogen phosphate, polygalacturonate, propionate, sebacate, stearate, succinate, sulfosalicylate, sulfate, tartrate, te trifenatate, trifluoroacetate or ate salt form. In yet another aspect, the present invention provides compounds of formula I in C1-C4alkyl sufonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid or mono-, di- or tri- C1-C4alkyl substituted benzene sufonic acid addition salt form.

In another aspect, the present invention provides (+)((28,4R)—1-((5-methoxymethyl- olyl)methyl)—4-methylpiperidinyl)benzoic acid in acetate, ate, adipate, aspartate, _ 25 _ benzoate, besylate, bromide/hydrobromide, bicarbonate/carbonate, ate/sulfate, camphorsulfonate, e, chloride/hydrochloride, chlortheophyllonate, citrate, ethandisulfonate, fumarate, gluceptate, gluconate, glucuronate, ate, glutarate, glycolate, hippurate, hydroiodide/iodide, isethionate, lactate, lactobionate, laurylsulfate, malate, maleate, malonate, mandelate, mesylate, methylsulphate, mucate, naphthoate, napsylate, nicotinate, nitrate, octadecanoate, oleate, oxalate, palmitate, pamoate, phosphate/hydrogen phosphate/dihydrogen ate, polygalacturonate, propionate, sebacate, stearate, succinate, sulfosalicylate, sulfate, tartrate, tosylate trifenatate, trifluoroacetate or xinafoate salt form. In yet another aspect, the present invention provides compounds of formula I in C1-C4alkyl sufonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid or mono-, di- or tri- C1-C4alkyl substituted benzene sufonic acid addition salt form.

In another aspect, the present invention provides (-)((2S,4S)—4-methoxy((5-methoxy- 7-methyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)piperidinyl)benzoic acid in acetate, ate, adipate, aspartate, benzoate, besylate, bromide/hydrobromide, bicarbonate/carbonate, bisulfate/sulfate, camphorsulfonate, caprate, chloride/hydrochloride, chlortheophyllonate, citrate, ethandisulfonate, fumarate, gluceptate, gluconate, glucuronate, glutamate, glutarate, ate, hippurate, hydroiodide/iodide, onate, lactate, lactobionate, laurylsulfate, malate, maleate, malonate, mandelate, mesylate, methylsulphate, mucate, naphthoate, napsylate, nicotinate, nitrate, canoate, oleate, oxalate, palmitate, pamoate, phosphate/hydrogen ate/dihydrogen phosphate, polygalacturonate, propionate, sebacate, stearate, ate, alicylate, sulfate, tartrate, tosylate trifenatate, trifluoroacetate or xinafoate salt form. In yet another aspect, the present invention provides compounds of formula I in lkyl sufonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid or mono-, di- or tri- C1-C4alkyl substituted benzene c acid addition salt form.

In another , the present invention provides (rel—(2S,4S)—4-ethoxy((5-methoxy- 7-methyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)piperidinyl)picolinic acid in acetate, ascorbate, e, aspartate, benzoate, besylate, bromide/hydrobromide, bicarbonate/carbonate, bisulfate/sulfate, rsulfonate, caprate, chloride/hydrochloride, chlortheophyllonate, citrate, ethandisulfonate, fumarate, gluceptate, gluconate, glucuronate, glutamate, glutarate, glycolate, hippurate, hydroiodide/iodide, onate, lactate, lactobionate, laurylsulfate, malate, maleate, malonate, mandelate, mesylate, methylsulphate, mucate, naphthoate, napsylate, nicotinate, nitrate, octadecanoate, , oxalate, palmitate, pamoate, phosphate/hydrogen phosphate/dihydrogen phosphate, polygalacturonate, propionate, sebacate, stearate, succinate, sulfosalicylate, sulfate, tartrate, tosylate trifenatate, oroacetate or xinafoate salt form. In yet another aspect, the _ 27 _ present invention provides compounds of formula I in C1-C4alkyl sufonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid or mono-, di- or tri- C1-C4alkyl substituted benzene sufonic acid addition salt form.

In another aspect, the present invention provides (-)(1-((5-methoxymethyl-1H-indol yl)methyl)—4,4-dimethylpiperidinyl)benzoic acid in acetate, ascorbate, adipate, aspartate, benzoate, besylate, bromide/hydrobromide, bicarbonate/carbonate, bisulfate/sulfate, rsulfonate, caprate, chloride/hydrochloride, chlortheophyllonate, e, ethandisulfonate, fumarate, gluceptate, gluconate, glucuronate, glutamate, glutarate, glycolate, hippurate, hydroiodide/iodide, isethionate, lactate, lactobionate, laurylsulfate, malate, maleate, malonate, mandelate, mesylate, methylsulphate, mucate, naphthoate, napsylate, nicotinate, nitrate, octadecanoate, oleate, oxalate, palmitate, pamoate, phosphate/hydrogen ate/dihydrogen phosphate, polygalacturonate, propionate, sebacate, stearate, succinate, sulfosalicylate, sulfate, te, tosylate atate, trifluoroacetate or xinafoate salt form. In yet r aspect, the present invention provides compounds of a I in C1-C4alkyl sufonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid or mono-, di- or tri- C1-C4alkyl tuted benzene sufonic acid on salt form.

In another aspect, the t invention provides 4-((28,4S)—(4-ethoxy((5-methoxy methyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)piperidinyl))benzoic acid ((+)-as TFA salt) in acetate, ascorbate, adipate, aspartate, benzoate, besylate, bromide/hydrobromide, bicarbonate/carbonate, bisulfate/sulfate, camphorsulfonate, caprate, chloride/hydrochloride, chlortheophyllonate, citrate, ethandisulfonate, fumarate, tate, gluconate, glucuronate, glutamate, glutarate, ate, hippurate, hydroiodide/iodide, isethionate, lactate, ionate, laurylsulfate, malate, maleate, malonate, mandelate, te, methylsulphate, mucate, naphthoate, napsylate, nicotinate, e, canoate, oleate, oxalate, palmitate, pamoate, phosphate/hydrogen phosphate/dihydrogen phosphate, polygalacturonate, propionate, sebacate, stearate, succinate, sulfosalicylate, sulfate, tartrate, tosylate trifenatate, trifluoroacetate or xinafoate salt form. In yet another aspect, the present invention provides compounds of formula I in C1-C4alkyl c acid, benzenesulfonic acid or mono-, di- or tri- C1-C4alkyl tuted benzene sufonic acid addition salt form.

In another aspect, the t invention provides (-)(rel-(28,4S)—1-((5,7-dimethyl-1H- indolyl)methyl)—4-methoxypiperidinyl)benzoic acid in acetate, ascorbate, adipate, aspartate, benzoate, besylate, bromide/hydrobromide, bicarbonate/carbonate, bisulfate/sulfate, camphorsulfonate, caprate, chloride/hydrochloride, chlortheophyllonate, citrate, ethandisulfonate, fumarate, gluceptate, gluconate, glucuronate, glutamate, glutarate, glycolate, hippurate, hydroiodide/iodide, isethionate, lactate, lactobionate, laurylsulfate, malate, maleate, te, mandelate, mesylate, methylsulphate, mucate, oate, napsylate, nate, nitrate, canoate, oleate, oxalate, palmitate, pamoate, phosphate/hydrogen phosphate/dihydrogen _ 28 _ phosphate, polygalacturonate, propionate, sebacate, stearate, succinate, sulfosalicylate, sulfate, tartrate, tosylate trifenatate, trifluoroacetate or xinafoate salt form. In yet another aspect, the present invention provides compounds of formula I in C1-C4alkyl sufonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid or mono-, di- or tri- C1-C4alkyl substituted e sufonic acid addition salt form.

In another aspect, the present invention provides 4-(rel-(28,4S)—1-((5,7-dimethyl-1H-indol yl)methyl)—4-ethoxypiperidinyl)benzoic acid ((+)- as TFA salt) in acetate, ascorbate, adipate, aspartate, benzoate, besylate, bromide/hydrobromide, bicarbonate/carbonate, bisulfate/sulfate, camphorsulfonate, caprate, chloride/hydrochloride, chlortheophyllonate, citrate, ethandisulfonate, te, gluceptate, gluconate, glucuronate, glutamate, glutarate, glycolate, hippurate, hydroiodide/iodide, isethionate, lactate, lactobionate, laurylsulfate, malate, maleate, malonate, mandelate, mesylate, sulphate, mucate, naphthoate, ate, nate, e, canoate, oleate, oxalate, ate, pamoate, phosphate/hydrogen phosphate/dihydrogen phosphate, polygalacturonate, propionate, sebacate, stearate, succinate, alicylate, sulfate, te, tosylate trifenatate, trifluoroacetate or xinafoate salt form. In yet another aspect, the present invention provides compounds of formula I in C1-C4alkyl sufonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid or mono-, di- or tri- C1-C4alkyl substituted benzene sufonic acid addition salt form.

In another aspect, the present invention provides (-)(re/-(28,4S)—1-((5-cyclopropyl methyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)methoxypiperidinyl)benzoic acid in acetate, ascorbate, e, ate, benzoate, besylate, bromide/hydrobromide, bicarbonate/carbonate, bisulfate/sulfate, camphorsulfonate, caprate, chloride/hydrochloride, chlortheophyllonate, citrate, ethandisulfonate, fumarate, gluceptate, gluconate, glucuronate, glutamate, glutarate, glycolate, hippurate, hydroiodide/iodide, isethionate, lactate, lactobionate, laurylsulfate, malate, maleate, malonate, mandelate, mesylate, methylsulphate, mucate, naphthoate, napsylate, nicotinate, nitrate, octadecanoate, oleate, oxalate, palmitate, pamoate, phosphate/hydrogen phosphate/dihydrogen phosphate, polygalacturonate, propionate, sebacate, stearate, succinate, sulfosalicylate, sulfate, tartrate, tosylate trifenatate, trifluoroacetate or xinafoate salt form. In yet another aspect, the t invention provides compounds of formula I in C1-C4alkyl sufonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid or mono-, di- or tri- lkyl substituted benzene sufonic acid on salt form.

In another aspect, the present invention provides (+)(rel-(28,4S)—1-((5-cyclopropyl methyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)—4-ethoxypiperidinyl)benzoic acid in acetate, ascorbate, adipate, aspartate, benzoate, besylate, bromide/hydrobromide, bicarbonate/carbonate, bisulfate/sulfate, camphorsulfonate, caprate, chloride/hydrochloride, heophyllonate, citrate, ethandisulfonate, fumarate, gluceptate, ate, glucuronate, glutamate, glutarate, glycolate, hippurate, hydroiodide/iodide, isethionate, lactate, lactobionate, laurylsulfate, , e, malonate, mandelate, mesylate, methylsulphate, mucate, naphthoate, napsylate, nate, nitrate, octadecanoate, , oxalate, palmitate, pamoate, ate/hydrogen phosphate/dihydrogen phosphate, polygalacturonate, propionate, sebacate, stearate, succinate, sulfosalicylate, sulfate, tartrate, tosylate trifenatate, trifluoroacetate or xinafoate salt form. In yet another aspect, the present invention provides compounds of formula I in C1-C4alkyl sufonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid or mono-, di- or tri- C1-C4alkyl substituted benzene sufonic acid addition salt form.

Any formula given herein is also intended to represent unlabeled forms as well as isotopically d forms of the compounds. lsotopically labeled compounds have structures depicted by the formulas given herein except that one or more atoms are replaced by an atom having a selected atomic mass or mass number. Examples of es that can be orated into compounds of the invention include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, fluorine, and chlorine, such as 2H, 3H, 11C, 13C, 14C, 15N, 18F 31P, 32P, 358, 36Cl, 124l, 125l respectively. The invention includes various isotopically d compounds as defined herein, for example those into which radioactive isotopes, such as 3H, 13C, and 14C , are present. Such isotopically labelled compounds are useful in metabolic studies (with 14C), reaction kinetic studies (with, for e 2H or 3H), detection or imaging ques, such as positron emission tomography (PET) or single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) including drug or substrate tissue distribution assays, or in radioactive treatment of patients. In particular, an 18F or d compound may be particularly desirable for PET or SPECT studies. lsotopically d nds of this invention and salts thereof can generally be prepared by carrying out the ures disclosed in the schemes or in the examples and preparations described below by substituting a readily available isotopically labeled reagent for a non-isotopically d reagent.

Further, substitution with heavier isotopes, particularly deuterium (i.e., 2H or D) may afford certain therapeutic advantages resulting from greater metabolic stability, for example increased in vivo half-life or d dosage requirements or an ement in therapeutic index. It is understood that deuterium in this context is regarded as a substituent of a nd of the formula (I). The concentration of such a heavier isotope, specifically deuterium, may be defined by the isotopic enrichment factor. The term "isotopic enrichment factor" as used herein means the ratio between the isotopic abundance and the natural abundance of a specified isotope. If a substituent in a compound of this invention is denoted deuterium, such compound has an isotopic enrichment factor for each designated deuterium atom of at least 3500 (52.5% deuterium incorporation at each designated ium atom), at least 4000 (60% deuterium incorporation), at least 4500 (67.5% ium incorporation), at least 5000 (75% deuterium oration), at least 5500 (82.5% deuterium incorporation), at least 6000 (90% deuterium incorporation), at least 6333.3 (95% _ 30 _ deuterium oration), at least 6466.7 (97% deuterium incorporation), at least 6600 (99% deuterium incorporation), or at least 6633.3 (99.5% deuterium incorporation).

In certain embodiments, selective deuteration of compounds of Formula (I) include deuteration of R1, R3, R5 and/or R6, for example when any of R1, R3, R5 and/or R6 are methyl, methoxy, or ethoxy, the alkyl residue is preferably deuterated, e.g. CD3, OCD3 or OC2D5. when R3 is alkanoyl, e.g., C(O)CD3. ically-labeled compounds of formula (I) can generally be prepared by conventional techniques known to those skilled in the art or by processes analogous to those described in the accompanying Examples and Preparations using an appropriate ically-labeled reagents in place of the beled reagent previously ed.

The compounds of the present invention may inherently or by design form solvates with solvents (including water). Therefore, it is intended that the invention embrace both solvated and unsolvated forms. The term "solvate" refers to a molecular complex of a compound of the present invention (including salts thereof) with one or more solvent molecules. Such solvent molecules are those commonly used in the pharmaceutical art, which are known to be innocuous to a recipient, e.g., water, ethanol, dimethylsulfoxide, acetone and other common organic solvents. The term "hydrate" refers to a molecular complex comprising a compound of the invention and water.

Pharmaceutically acceptable solvates in accordance with the invention include those n the solvent of llization may be isotopically substituted, e.g. D20, d5-acetone, d5-DMSO.

Compounds of the invention, i.e. compounds of formula (I) that contain groups capable of acting as donors and/or acceptors for hydrogen bonds may be capable of forming co-crystals with suitable co-crystal s. These co-crystals may be prepared from compounds of formula (I) by known co-crystal forming procedures. Such procedures e grinding, heating, co-subliming, co- melting, or contacting in solution compounds of a (I) with the co-crystal former under crystallization ions and isolating co-crystals thereby formed. Suitable co-crystal formers include those described in . Hence the ion further provides co-crystals comprising a nd of formula (I).

As used herein, the term "pharmaceutically acceptable carrier" includes any and all solvents, dispersion media, coatings, surfactants, idants, preservatives (e.g., antibacterial , antifungal agents), isotonic agents, absorption delaying agents, salts, preservatives, drugs, drug izers, binders, excipients, disintegration , lubricants, sweetening agents, flavoring agents, dyes, and the like and combinations f, as would be known to those skilled in the art (see, for example, Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 18th Ed. Mack ng Company, 1990, pp. 1289- 1329). Except insofar as any conventional r is incompatible with the active ingredient, its use in the therapeutic or pharmaceutical compositions is contemplated.

The term "a therapeutically effective amount" of a compound of the present invention refers to an amount of the compound of the present invention that will elicit the biological or medical response of a subject, for example, reduction or inhibition of an enzyme or a protein activity, or ameliorate symptoms, alleviate conditions, slow or delay disease progression, or prevent a disease, etc. In one miting embodiment, the term "a therapeutically effective amount" refers to the amount of the compound of the present invention that, when administered to a subject, is effective to (1) at least partially alleviating, inhibiting, preventing and/or ameliorating a condition, or a disorder, or a disease or biological process (e.g., tissue regeneration and uction) (i) mediated by Factor B, or (ii) associated with Factor B activity, or (iii) characterized by activity (normal or abnormal) of the complement alternative pathway; or (2) reducing or inhibiting the activity of Factor B; or (3) ng or inhibiting the expression of Factor B; or (4) ng or inhibiting activation of the complement system and particularly reducing or inhibiting tion of C3a, iCBb, C5a or the membrane attack x generated by activation of the ment alternative pathway. In r non-limiting embodiment, the term "a therapeutically effective amount" refers to the amount of the compound of the present invention that, when administered to a cell, or a tissue, or a non- ar biological material, or a medium, is effective to at least partially reducing or inhibiting the activity of Factor B and/or the complement alternative pathway; or at least partially reducing or inhibiting the expression of Factor B and/or the ment ative pathway. The meaning of the term "a therapeutically effective amount" as illustrated in the above embodiment for Factor B and/or the complement alternative pathway.

As used herein, the term "subject" refers to an . Typically the animal is a mammal. A subject also refers to for example, primates (e.g., humans), cows, sheep, goats, horses, dogs, cats, rabbits, rats, mice, fish, birds and the like. In certain embodiments, the subject is a primate. In yet other embodiments, the subject is a human.

As used herein, the term "inhibit", "inhibition" or "inhibiting" refers to the reduction or suppression of a given condition, symptom, or disorder, or disease, or a significant decrease in the baseline activity of a biological activity or process.

As used , the term "treat", "treating" or ment" of any disease or disorder refers in one embodiment, to rating the disease or er (i.e., slowing or arresting or reducing the development of the disease or at least one of the clinical symptoms thereof). In another embodiment "treat", "treating" or "treatment" refers to alleviating or ameliorating at least one physical parameter including those which may not be discernible by the t. In yet another _ 32 _ embodiment, "treat", "treating" or "treatment" refers to modulating the disease or disorder, either physically, (e.g., stabilization of a discernible symptom), physiologically, (e.g., stabilization of a physical parameter), or both. In yet another embodiment, "treat", "treating" or "treatment" refers to ting or delaying the onset or development or progression of the disease or disorder.

As used herein, a subject is "in need of’ a treatment if such subject would benefit biologically, medically or in y of life from such treatment.

As used herein, the term "a, an," "the" and similar terms used in the context of the present invention ially in the context of the claims) are to be construed to cover both the singular and plural unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by the context.

All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless othenNise indicated herein or othenNise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g. "such as") ed herein is ed merely to better illuminate the invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention otherwise claimed.

Any tric atom (e.g., carbon or the like) of the compound(s) of the present invention can be present in racemic or enantiomerically enriched, for example the (R)—, (S)— or (R,S)— configuration. In n embodiments, each tric atom has at least 50 % enantiomeric excess, at least 60 % enantiomeric excess, at least 70 % enantiomeric excess, at least 80 % enantiomeric excess, at least 90 % enantiomeric excess, at least 95 % enantiomeric excess, or at least 99 % enantiomeric excess in the (R)— or (S)— configuration. tuents at atoms with unsaturated bonds may, if possible, be present in cis- (Z)— or trans— (E)- form.

Accordingly, as used herein a compound of the present invention can be in the form of one of the possible isomers, rotamers, atropisomers, tautomers or mixtures thereof, for example, as substantially pure geometric (cis or trans) isomers, diastereomers, optical isomers (antipodes), racemates or mixtures f.

Any resulting mixtures of isomers can be ted on the basis of the ochemical differences of the constituents, into the pure or substantially pure geometric or optical isomers, diastereomers, racemates, for example, by chromatography and/or onal crystallization.

Any resulting racemates of final products or intermediates can be resolved into the optical antipodes by known methods, e.g., by separation of the diastereomeric salts thereof, obtained with an optically active acid or base, and liberating the optically active acidic or basic nd. In particular, a basic moiety may thus be employed to resolve the compounds of the present invention into their optical antipodes, e.g., by fractional crystallization of a salt formed with an lly active acid, e.g., ic acid, dibenzoyl ic acid, yl tartaric acid, di-0,0’-p-toluoyl tartaric acid, mandelic acid, malic acid or camphor—10-sulfonic acid. Racemic products can also be resolved by chiral chromatography, e.g., high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) using a chiral adsorbent.

Furthermore, the compounds of the present invention, including their salts, can also be obtained in the form of their hydrates, or include other solvents used for their crystallization.

Within the scope of this text, only a readily removable group that is not a constituent of the particular desired end product of the compounds of the present invention is designated a "protecting , unless the t tes otherwise. The protection of functional groups by such protecting groups, the protecting groups themselves, and their cleavage reactions are described for example in standard nce works, such as J. F. W. McOmie, "Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry", Plenum Press, London and New York 1973, in T. W. Greene and P. G. M.

Wuts, "Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis", Third edition, Wiley, New York 1999, in "The Peptides"; Volume 3 (editors: E. Gross and J. Meienhofer), Academic Press, London and New York 1981, in den der organischen Chemie" (Methods of Organic Chemistry), Houben Weyl, 4th edition, Volume 15/l, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart 1974, in H.-D. Jakubke and H. Jeschkeit, "Aminosauren, Peptide, Proteine" (Amino acids, Peptides, Proteins), Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, Deerfield Beach, and Basel 1982, and in Jochen Lehmann, "Chemie der hydrate: Monosaccharide und Derivate" (Chemistry of Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides and Derivatives), Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart 1974. A characteristic of protecting groups is that they can be removed readily (i.e. without the occurrence of undesired secondary reactions) for example by so|vo|ysis, ion, photolysis or alternatively under physiological conditions (e.g. by enzymatic cleavage).

Salts of compounds of the present invention having at least one salt-forming group may be prepared in a manner known to those skilled in the art. For example, salts of compounds of the present invention having acid groups may be formed, for e, by ng the compounds with metal compounds, such as alkali metal salts of le organic carboxylic acids, e.g. the sodium salt of 2—ethylhexanoic acid, with organic alkali metal or alkaline earth metal compounds, such as the corresponding hydroxides, carbonates or hydrogen carbonates, such as sodium or potassium hydroxide, carbonate or hydrogen ate, with corresponding m compounds or with ammonia or a suitable organic amine, stoichiometric amounts or only a small excess of the salt- forming agent preferably being used. Acid addition salts of compounds of the present invention are obtained in customary manner, e.g. by treating the compounds with an acid or a suitable anion ge t. al salts of compounds of the present invention containing acid and basic salt-forming groups, e.g. a free carboxy group and a free amino group, may be formed, e.g. by the _ 34 _ neutralisation of salts, such as acid addition salts, to the isoelectric point, e.g. with weak bases, or by treatment with ion exchangers.

Salts can be converted into the free compounds in ance with methods known to those skilled in the art. Metal and ammonium salts can be ted, for e, by treatment with suitable acids, and acid addition salts, for example, by treatment with a suitable basic agent.

Mixtures of isomers obtainable according to the invention can be separated in a manner known to those d in the art into the individual isomers; diastereoisomers can be separated, for example, by partitioning between polyphasic solvent mixtures, tallisation and/or chromatographic separation, for example over silica gel or by e.g. medium pressure liquid chromatography over a reversed phase column, and racemates can be ted, for example, by the formation of salts with optically pure salt-forming reagents and separation of the mixture of reoisomers so obtainable, for example by means of fractional crystallisation, or by chromatography over optically active column materials.

Intermediates and final products can be worked up and/or purified according to standard s, e.g. using chromatographic methods, distribution methods, (re-) crystallization, and the like.

The ing applies in general to all processes ned herein before and hereinafter.

All the above-mentioned process steps can be carried out under reaction conditions that are known to those skilled in the art, including those mentioned specifically, in the absence or, customarily, in the presence of solvents or diluents, including, for example, solvents or diluents that are inert towards the reagents used and dissolve them, in the absence or presence of catalysts, condensation or lizing agents, for example ion exchangers, such as cation exchangers, e.g. in the H+ form, depending on the nature of the reaction and/or of the reactants at reduced, normal or elevated temperature, for example in a temperature range of from about -100 0C to about 250 00, including, for example, from approximately -80 °C to imately 250 °C, for example at from -80 to -60 0C, at room temperature, at from -20 to 40 0C or at reflux temperature, under atmospheric pressure or in a closed vessel, where riate under pressure, and/or in an inert atmosphere, for example under an argon or nitrogen atmosphere.

At all stages of the reactions, mixtures of isomers that are formed can be separated into the individual isomers, for e diastereoisomers or enantiomers, or into any desired mixtures of isomers, for example racemates or es of diastereoisomers, for example analogously to the methods described under "Additional process steps".

The solvents from which those solvents that are suitable for any particular reaction may be ed include those mentioned specifically or, for example, water, esters, such as lower alkyl- _ 35 _ lower alkanoates, for example ethyl acetate, ethers, such as aliphatic ethers, for example diethyl ether, or cyclic ethers, for example tetrahydrofuran or dioxane, liquid aromatic arbons, such as benzene or toluene, alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol or 1- or 2-propanol, nitriles, such as acetonitrile, halogenated hydrocarbons, such as methylene chloride or chloroform, acid amides, such as dimethylformamide or dimethyl acetamide, bases, such as heterocyclic nitrogen bases, for example pyridine or N-methylpyrrolidinone, carboxylic acid anhydrides, such as lower alkanoic acid ides, for example acetic anhydride, cyclic, linear or branched hydrocarbons, such as cyclohexane, hexane or isopentane, methycyclohexane, or mixtures of those solvents, for example aqueous solutions, unless othenNise indicated in the description of the processes. Such solvent mixtures may also be used in working up, for example by tography or partitioning.

The compounds, including their salts, may also be obtained in the form of hydrates, or their crystals may, for example, include the solvent used for crystallization. Different crystalline forms may be present.

The invention relates also to those forms of the s in which a compound obtainable as an ediate at any stage of the process is used as starting material and the remaining process steps are carried out, or in which a starting material is formed under the reaction ions or is used in the form of a derivative, for example in a protected form or in the form of a salt, or a compound obtainable by the process ing to the invention is produced under the process conditions and processed further in situ.

All starting materials, building blocks, reagents, acids, bases, dehydrating agents, solvents and catalysts utilized to size the compounds of the present invention are either commercially available or can be produced by c synthesis methods known to one of ordinary skill in the art (Houben-Weyl 4th Ed. 1952, Methods of c Synthesis, Thieme, Volume 21).

GENERAL SYNTHETIC ASPECTS The following Examples serve to illustrate the invention t limiting the scope thereof.

Typically, the compounds of formula (I) can be ed according to the Schemes provided below. nds such as A-5, n PG is a protecting group (preferably Boc or Ts), R:11 is halo or alkyl, and Rb is alkoxy, and G:11 is hydrogen or fluoro can be prepared by the general method outlined in Scheme 1. _ 35 _ Scheme 1 I I H O OH OH Rb Rb / / / / __ __ __ __ N Ga N Ga N Ga N Ga N Ga H Ra H Ra H Ra PG Ra PG Ra A-1 A-2 A-3 A-4 A-5 Transformation of indoline A-1 to the corresponding 5-hydroxyindole A-2 can be accomplished by treatment with potassium nitrosodisulfonate preferably in a solvent mixture of acetone/aq. buffer at pH=7 either at 0 0C or at room temperature. The hydroxy group of A-2 can then be alkylated utilizing a Mitsunobu-type reaction with a||y| alcohol in a suitable solvent such as toluene. The product can then be converted to C-allyl tives such as A-3 by thermally promoted sigmatropic ngement at temperatures between 200 oC and 250 oC without the use of solvent. Compound A-3 can then be reacted with alcohols (e.g. MeOH, BnOH) utilizing Mitsunobu-type conditions permitting differentiation at Rb. Subsequent protection of the nitrogen of the indole employing TsCl and an riate base, ably NaH, or alternatively with Boc20 in the presence of a catalytic amount of DMAP can afford compounds such as A-4. Isomerization of the double bond of A-4 can be accomplished via treatment with Pd(OAc)2 in hexafluoroisopropyl alcohol ). Cleavage of the olefin can then be effected by reaction with osmium tetraoxide and sodium periodate to afford A-5.

Alternatively, compounds such as A-5, n PG is a protecting group (preferably Boc), R:11 is alkyl, Rb is l, and G:11 is hydrogen can be also prepared by formylation of indole A-5a using Vilsmeier—type reagents such as N-(chloromethylene)—N-methylbenzenaminium chloride in acetonitrile at atures between 0°C and room temperature as shown in Scheme 1b.

Scheme 1b _ 37 _ Compounds such as A-10, wherein is X:11 is Cl, Br, or SMe, can be prepared according to Scheme 2.

Scheme 2 va Va A-6 xa xa xEl , / _. / COOH N NO [\1 Cl PG Ra Ra PG Ra A-8 A-9 A-10 Nucleophilic aromatic substitution of A-6 (CAS: 1202858—65-8) can be achieved by sodium thiomethoxide in DMF at 60 0C to afford 8 (Xa=SMe). Alternatively, A-7 (CAS: 1015805) can be transformed into A-8 (X3: Cl, Va: CHZOTHP) by reduction ing 1,1,1-trichloro methylpropanyl carbonochloridate and NaBH4, followed by protection of the resulting hydroxy with 3,4-dihydro—2H—pyran in the ce of TsOH. Transformation of A-8 (Va is either ON or CH2- OTHP) to the indole A-9 can be ed by Bartoli reaction using vinylmagnesium bromide in THF at temperatures ranging from -78 °C to room temperature, followed by protection of the indole.

Protection can be effected by employing TsCl and an appropriate base preferably NaH, or alternatively protection can be accomplished with BocZO in the presence of a tic amount of DMAP. The aldehyde A-10 can be accessed when V:11 = ON by reduction with DIBAL followed by acid hydrolysis, ably employing aq. HCI. Alternatively, when Va=CHZOTHP, A-10 can be accessed by deprotection of the THP protecting group via acid mediated hydrolysis preferably employing TsOH in EtOH, followed by oxidation preferably using Mn02 or 802-pyridine complex. nds such as A-14, wherein RC is alkyl and Rd is CHZO-alkyl, or CH2-phthaloyl, can be ed according to Scheme 3. _ 38 _ Scheme 3 Va V3 R =VIny|c - / / OH N N PG Ra PG Ra A-11 A-12 H 0 d Rc or Rd N l" Pd PG Ra Ra A-13 A-14 lndole A-9 (X3: Cl or Br, Va: ON or CHZOTHP) can be transformed to A-11 wherein RC: alkyl or vinyl utilizing a -coupling with an appropriate boronate (such as alkyl trifluoroborates, or 2,4,6-trivinylcyclotriboroxane-pyridine complex). Alternatively a Negishi-type coupling employing an inc halide can be used in place of the Suzuki reaction. A-11 (RC = vinyl) can be further transformed into A-12 by a dihydroxyation preferably employing ADmix-o, followed by oxidative cleavage using NalO4 and reduction of the resulting aldehyde with NaBH4. tion of the hydroxy group of A-12 can be achieved by deprotonation with an riate base, preferably NaH, and reaction with an appropriate electrophile such as Mel or SEM-Cl to afford A-13. Alternatively A- 12 can undergo Mitsunobu reaction with phthalimide. Lastly, indoles of type A-13 can be converted to A-14 in accordance with Scheme 2 (Le. A-9 9 A-10).

Aldehyde such as A-18 can be prepared as described in Scheme 4.

Scheme 4 / / / l" i" i" R Me PG PG A-15a; R=H A-16 A1- A-18 A-15b; R=Ts Indole A-15a (CAS: 42) can be protected by ing TsCl and an appropriate base, preferably NaH, to afford A-15b. Reduction of the nitro functionality, preferably by employing zinc metal in a solvent mixture of EtOAc/MeOH, can afford aniline A-16, which can be ted to iodide A-17 upon treatment with NaNOz, followed by l2. Treatment of A-17 with butyl lithium in the presence of DMF can provide the aldehyde A-18. nds such A-25 where Xb = Cl, or Br, can be prepared by the sequence described in Scheme 5.

N02 NH2 NHBoc CE) a CE) aBr Me .N .N .N R PG PG A-20a; R=H A-21 A-22 A-20b;R=Ts NH2 I H 0 Me Me Me / / _. _. _. / l" l" N PG xb PG xb PG, Xb A-23 A-24 A-25 lndole A-20a (CAS: 47695) can be protected by employing TsCl and an appropriate base, preferably NaH, to afford A-20b. Reduction of the nitro functionality of A-20b, preferably employing zinc metal in a t mixture of EtOAc/MeOH, followed by bromination, preferably with NBS, can afford A-21. Boc protection of the aniline A-21 followed by Suzuki-coupling using potassium methyltrifluoroborate can afford A-22. Acid mediated deprotection of the Boc group of A- 22, followed by halogenation using NBS or NCS can yield s of type A-23. Transformation of the aniline A-23 to aldehyde A-25 can be accomplished in accordance with Scheme 4 (Le. A479 A-18).

Compounds such as B-5a, wherein Rf is H, F, Cl, Br, SMe, or CN; and R9: H or C1-C4 alkyl; and L:11 is an aryl group optionally substituted with -Rf; can be prepared by the general method outlined in Scheme 6.

Scheme 6 ow:prororor B-5a |:B-4a; R9: HB-4b; R9: C1-C4-alkyl 4-Methoxypyridine B-1 can be transformed to compound B-2, n Re is an alkoxy group (preferably -OPh, -OBn or -OtBu), by in situ N-acylation with a chloroformate such as benzyl or phenyl chloroformate, followed by addition of an arylmagnesium halide, and subsequent acid mediated hydrolysis, preferably employing aqueous HCI. Alternatively, B-2 when Re: OtBu can be synthesized by the following sequence: reaction of B-1 with phenyl chloroformate; treatment with an aryl Grignard reagent to install La; treatment with KOtBu to convert the phenyl chloroformate to the Boc protecting group; and then acid mediated hydrolysis to reveal the ketone. The double bond of B-2 can then undergo reduction utilizing a suitable choice of ts such as L-Selectride®, or a reducing metal such as zinc, to afford ketone B-3. The reduction may also be effected by the hydrogenation over Pd/C under a pressurized hydrogen atmosphere ranging up to 20 bar. B-3 can then be ted to the corresponding alcohol B-4a (R9=H) employing a reducing reagent such as NaBH4 or LiBH4. Alkylation of B-4a can be achieved by reaction with an electrophile such as Mel or Etl in the presence of a base such as NaH in a suitable solvent such as DMF, to e B-4b (R9: C 1.4alkyl). Lastly, deprotection of B-4a and B-4b can furnish B-5a by employing conditions such as aqueous basic hydrolysis (Re: OPh), catalytic hydrogenation (Re: OBn), or acid treatment (Re: OtBu). nds such as B-5b, n Yb is alkyl, CHZOH, CHZCN or NH-Cbz; can be prepared by the general method outlined in Scheme 7.

Scheme-7 ﬁtaoU"U 36- 3-7 B-5b B-3 can undergo a Wittig-type reaction ing an alkylphosphonium halide such as methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (Ya: CH2), ethyltriphenylphosphoniym bromide (Ya: CHCH3), or a Horner—Wadsworth-Emmons type reaction employing diethyl cyanomethylphosphonate (Ya: CHCN) to furnish B-6. B-6, when Ya =CH2, can undergo hydroboration employing 9-BBN, followed by the treatment with hydrogen peroxide, to afford B-7 (Yb: . In on, hydrogenation of B-6, when Ya: CHCH3 or CHCN, can afford B-7 (Yb: CHchs or CHZCN, respectively), which can be a mixture of diastereomer. Alternatively, compound B-7 (when Yb: NHCbz) can be obtained by a condensation of B-3 with tert—butyl sulfinylamide in the presence of a dehydrating reagent, such as Ti(OiPr)4 or u)4, followed by reduction of the sulfinylimine with NaBH4_ The resulting sulfinylamide can then be d with an riate acid such as HCI in methanol to afford the corresponding primary amine, which can then be reacted with Cbz—Cl to e B-7 (Yb: NHCbz).

Transformation from B-7 to B-5b can be achieved by the standard methods as mentioned above (e.g. B-4 to B-5a).

Alternatively, nds such as 3-11 and B-5c, wherein: Lb: L3, or a heterocycle which is optionally substituted with Rf; Ri= -CH2-, -CH(OTBDPS)—, -CH(OH)—, or -C(Me)2-; and n= 0 or 1; can be prepared according to Scheme 8a.

Scheme 8a R>\"5f f f f \L. R\ R\ R\< OvRi Ri LL‘Bx . L . m .

NM; 0 W—r am _. now _. ﬂow 800’ n NHn N HN n n OYN n BOC/ 3-8 3-9 3-10 B-5c B-11 B-8 can be reacted with the appropriate Grignard reagents such as (4- (methylthio)phenyl)magnesium bromide, to furnish B-9. Deprotection of the Boc group of B-9 can be achieved by treatment with a suitable acid and solvent such as HCI in dioxane. Subsequent ation employing a reagent such as Ti(OiPr)4 can afford the corresponding cyclic imine B-10.

Alternatively, B-10 can be accessed directly by a treatment of B-9 with TMSOTf in the presence of 2,6-lutidine. B-10 can then be reduced employing reagents such as NaBH4, to afford B-5c.

Compounds such as B-5c when R: -CH(OTBDPS)— can then be transformed to the corresponding l (B-11 when R: -CH(OH)—) as follows: protection of the nitrogen with an appropriate group such as Boc or Cbz; deprotection of the TBDPS group by a treatment with philic fluoride anion preferably via the use of TBAF in THF or by hydrolysis with HCI in MeOH; and then by methods described in Scheme 6 (e.g. B-4a to B-5a) to liberate the amine.

Alternatively, compounds such as B-11b and B-5d, wherein: R]: OTBDPS or 0R9; can be prepared according to Scheme 8b. _ 42 _ Scheme 8b REEF».f RR R\ RR< R1 HF" (03‘. {LB} Fr ﬂ "0% "0% /NH RJ' R’ R1 ".13R1 B-5d B-8b B-9b B-10b . .3 50'- (RJ=-OTBDPS) (RJ=-OH or B 11b_ _ORC) (R: CORe) B-8b (when R]: DPS)) can be reacted with the appropriate Grignard reagents such as (4-cyanopheny|)magnesium bromide, to furnish B-9b. Deprotection of the Boc group of B-9b, followed by the imine formation can be achieved by treatment with TMSOTf in the presence of 2,6- ne to afford B-5d (Rj= OTBDPS), which can then be transformed to B-11b. B-11b (when R]: OTBDPS) can then be tansformed to B-5d (where R]: OH, or ORC) by the standard s described in Scheme 6.

Compounds such as B-4a or 3-11 can be transformed to the corresponding diastereomer as shown in Scheme 9. Of note, the relative stereochemistry shown in Scheme 9 is intended for illustrative es only and does not specify a particular absolute configuration. Typically, reactions provide a mixture of diastereomers generally with one diastereomer in excess of the other.

Scheme 9 RI"?f R>3f szf RX}f ‘HUOH ‘5} _.\OBz ‘\E_ \OH \th .0 a D a 0 a O CYN oY OYN R,N Re Re Re B-4a or 3-13 B-14 B-15 ; R= CORe B-11 B-5e ; R: H Stereochemical inversion of the y of B-4a or 3-11 can be achieved by reaction with a carboxylic acid such as benzoic acid under Mitsunobu-type reaction conditions in a suitable solvent, preferably in THF, to provide B-13. Subsequent saponification employing ions such as K2003 in methanol can give B-14. B-14 can then be transformed to B-15, and then to amine B-5e employing similar methods as described in Scheme 6 (e.g. B-4a to B-5a).

Compounds such as B-5f; wherein Rf'2 is COO-alkyl; and Ri'2 is -CH(OR9)- or -C(Me)2-; can be prepared according to Scheme 10. _ 43 _ Scheme 10 Rf Rf 2 kuvRI 2 >‘LbY\ R ff; , ‘\, Ri—Z 'be~ ‘ ‘ WR' o NQ o Nd Y Y HNQ Re Re :1? 3T1"? B-4c B-5f B-4a, B-4b, B-11, or 3-15 when Rf: CN can undergo hydrolysis of the nitrile group by employing a source of hydroxide, preferably barium ide, in a suitable solvent preferably a e of iPrOH/HZO, at temperatures between 80 oC and 110 °C. The subsequent acid can then be transformed to corresponding alkyl esters B-4c utilizing reagents such as trimethylsilyldiazomethane in a t mixture of toluene/methanol (Rf'2= COZMe), or via treatment with an anhydrous alcoholic solvent with an acid such as methanolic HCI. Alternatively B-4b, B-11, or B-15 when Rf: Cl or Br can be transformed to B-4c respectively by a ylation employing carbon monooxide in the presence of a base, such as triethylamine and a palladium catalysts with an appropriate ligand such as (rac—BlNAP)PdC|2 in a suitable solvent such as methanol.

Deprotection of B-4c can be accomplished by applying methods as described in Scheme 6 to afford B-5f.

Compounds such as B-5g wherein Rk= alkyl, can be prepared according to Scheme 11.

Scheme 11 //Rk Rf—Z fj >13" xb \N I R f—2 R f2 B-16a B-17a I\., Rk .\-~~ Rk \ La I / \ La I / R f—2 N \ HN f/J >131; 3-18 3-59 Sn(Bu)3 N Xb B-16b B-17b Compounds of type B-16a (when Xb= Cl, Br or I) can be reacted with an riately substituted organoboronate (B-17a) utilizing Suzuki-type reaction conditions to provide B-18.

Alternatively, B-18 can be prepared from compounds type B-16b and B-17b via Stille type coupling method. A reduction of the pyridine ring of B-18 can be accomplished by treatment with a catalyst such as PtOz under a en atmosphere in a suitable solvent such as methanol in the presence of an acid such as HCl, to afford piperidine B-5g. 2014/046515 Compounds such as B-5h; can be prepared by the route depicted in Scheme 12 wherein R""1 and R""2 are independently selected from hydrogen or alkyl.

Scheme 12 Rk Rk Rm-1 Rk j CI—SQZ j \)2 j Rf Rf Rf B-19 B-20 B-5h Sulfonylation of compounds such as B-19 when Rf: H, Br, Cl, or F, can be accomplished by employing a reagent such as chlorosulfonic acid to afford B-20, which can subsequently be treated with a wide variety of primary (Rm'1-NH2) and secondary amines (Rm'1Rm'2-NH) such as a or methylamine, to furnish B-5h.

Compounds such as C-2 n R": -Rf, R", or -SOZNRm'1Rm'2; and Q: R, Ri'2 or O; and Rb and RC are independent groups respectively; can be prepared as outlined in Scheme 13.

Scheme 13 A-5, A-10, A-14 borc A-18, A-25 :1 R lndole aldehydes such as A-5, A-10, A-14, A-18 or A-25, can be reduced by a hydride donating reagent in a suitable solvent such as NaBH4 in a mixture of methanol/THF, to provide C- 1a. uent, conversion of the resulting hydroxy to chloride C-1b can be accomplished by treatment with methanesulfonyl chloride and Et3N, or by directly reacting with (chlormethylene)dimethylammonium chloride. C-1b can be reacted with a cyclic amine such as B- 5a, B-5b, B-5c, B-5d, B-5e B-5f, B-5g, B-5h, or commercially ble cyclic amines such as 4- (morpholinyl)benzoic acid ester in the presence of a base such as potassium carbonate in a solvent such as DMSO at temperatures ranging from 0 0C to 100 0C to afford C-2. atively, aldehydes A-5, A-10, A-14, A-18 or A-25 can be coupled with the cyclic amines described above employing reductive alkylation conditions, e.g. treatment with sodium triacetoxyborohydride in DCE, to provide C-2.

Compounds such as D-1 wherein R°= R", CONH2, or COOH, can be ed according to Scheme 14.

Scheme 14 ECL‘b‘X \‘->j/\QI NM>RK Rb 2r c C-2 —’ / N Ga Ra or Deprotection of PG (PG: Ts or Boc) in compound C-2 can be achieved by a treatment with a base such as KOH in a suitable solvent such as l at temperatures ranging from 80 to 120°C under ave irradiation, to afford D-1. Deprotection of PG from C-2 when R°= CN can also result in concomitant reaction of the nitrile to provide D-1 wherein R°= -COOH or -CONH2.

Alternatively, ormation of C-2, when (PG: Boc), to D-1 can be accomplished by a treatment with a source of hydroxide such as KOH or LiOH in a suitable t system such as a mixture of THF/methanol/HZO at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 100 °C. In addition, treatment of C-2, when PG: Boc, with an appropriate acid such as TFA in a solvent such as CHZCIZ at temperature preferably 0°C can provide D-1.

Compounds such as D-1b wherein Rp= CHZOH, CH2NH2, CONRm'1Rm'2, or tetrazole, can be prepared according to Scheme 15.

Scheme 15 R0 RP :L‘b" >53; ‘ \_’ Q ‘~_ Q NM>R"n "14>"n Rb or c Rb or c / / N G8 N Ga H D-1 H D-1b Ra orb Ra orb D-1 when R°= COOR, COOH, or CN, can be further elaborated utilizing a reducing reagent such as LiAlH4 in a suitable solvent such as THF at temperatures between 0 and 50 °C, to provide D1-b (Rp= CHZOH, CH2NH2). atively, D-1, when R°= COOH, can also be d with a wide variety of primary and secondary amines (HNRm'1Rm'2) such as methylamine, or sulfonamides such as methanesulfonamide by employing amide bond forming conditions of those that are well known to those skilled in the art, to provde amides of type D-1b. In addition, D-1 when R°= CN can be transformed to D-1b (Rp= tetrazole) by a treatment with azide containing reagents such as sodium azide in the presence of catalysts such as triethylamine hloride in a suitable solvent such as chlorobenzene at ed temperatures between 100°C and 150°C.

The invention further includes any variant of the present processes, in which an intermediate product obtainable at any stage f is used as starting material and the remaining steps are carried out, or in which the starting materials are formed in situ under the reaction conditions, or in which the reaction components are used in the form of their salts or optically pure materials.

Compounds of the invention and intermediates can also be ted into each other according to methods generally known to those skilled in the art. All eric forms are also intended to be included.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of the present invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In a further embodiment, the composition comprises at least two pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, such as those described herein. For purposes of the present invention, unless designated othenNise, solvates and hydrates are generally considered compositions. Preferably, pharmaceutically acceptable carriers are sterile. The pharmaceutical composition can be formulated for particular routes of administration such as oral administration, parenteral stration, and rectal administration, etc. In addition, the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention can be made up in a solid form (including without limitation capsules, tablets, pills, granules, powders or itories), or in a liquid form (including without limitation ons, suspensions or emulsions). The pharmaceutical itions can be subjected to tional pharmaceutical operations such as sterilization and/or can contain tional inert diluents, lubricating agents, or buffering agents, as well as adjuvants, such as vatives, stabilizers, wetting agents, emulsifiers and buffers, etc.

Typically, the pharmaceutical compositions are tablets or gelatin capsules comprising the active ingredient together with one or more of: a) diluents, e.g., lactose, se, sucrose, mannitol, sorbitol, cellulose and/or glycine; b) lubricants, e.g., , talcum, stearic acid, its magnesium or calcium salt and/or hyleneglycol; for tablets also c) s, e.g., magnesium aluminum silicate, starch paste, n, tragacanth, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and/or polyvinylpyrrolidone; if desired d) disintegrants, e.g., starches, agar, alginic acid or its sodium salt, or effervescent mixtures; and e) absorbents, colorants, flavors and ners.

Tablets may be either film coated or enteric coated ing to methods known in the art.

Suitable compositions for oral administration include an effective amount of a compound of the invention in the form of tablets, lozenges, aqueous or oily suspensions, dispersible powders or granules, emulsion, hard or soft capsules, or syrups or elixirs. Compositions intended for oral use are prepared according to any method known in the art for the manufacture of pharmaceutical itions and such compositions can contain one or more agents selected from the group consisting of sweetening agents, flavoring , coloring agents and preserving agents in order to provide ceutically elegant and palatable preparations. Tablets may contain the active ingredient in admixture with nontoxic pharmaceutically acceptable excipients which are suitable for the manufacture of tablets. These excipients are, for example, inert diluents, such as calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, lactose, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate; granulating and disintegrating agents, for example, corn starch, or alginic acid; binding agents, for example, starch, gelatin or acacia; and lubricating agents, for example ium stearate, stearic acid or talc. The tablets are uncoated or coated by known ques to delay disintegration and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and thereby provide a sustained action over a longer period. For example, a time delay material such as glyceryl monostearate or glyceryl distearate can be employed.

Formulations for oral use can be presented as hard gelatin capsules wherein the active ingredient is mixed with an inert solid diluent, for example, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate or kaolin, or as soft gelatin capsules wherein the active ingredient is mixed with water or an oil medium, for example, peanut oil, liquid paraffin or olive oil. n able compositions are aqueous isotonic solutions or suspensions, and suppositories are advantageously prepared from fatty emulsions or suspensions. Said compositions may be sterilized and/or contain nts, such as ving, stabilizing, wetting or emulsifying agents, on promoters, salts for regulating the osmotic pressure and/or s. In addition, they may also contain other therapeutically le substances. Said compositions are ed according to conventional mixing, ating or coating methods, respectively, and contain about 0.1-75%, or n about 1-50%, of the active ingredient.

Suitable compositions for transdermal application include an effective amount of a compound of the invention with a suitable carrier. Carriers suitable for transdermal delivery include absorbable pharmacologically acceptable solvents to assist passage through the skin of the host. For example, transdermal devices are in the form of a bandage comprising a backing member, a reservoir ning the compound optionally with carriers, optionally a rate controlling barrier to deliver the compound of the skin of the host at a controlled and predetermined rate over a prolonged period of time, and means to secure the device to the skin.

Suitable compositions for topical application, e.g., to the skin and eyes, include aqueous solutions, suspensions, ointments, creams, gels or sprayable formulations, e.g., for delivery by aerosol or the like. Such topical delivery systems will in particular be appropriate for dermal ation, e.g., for the treatment of skin cancer, e.g., for prophylactic use in sun creams, lotions, sprays and the like.

They are thus particularly suited for use in topical, including ic, formulations well-known in the art. Such may contain lizers, stabilizers, tonicity enhancing agents, buffers and preservatives.

As used herein a topical application may also n to an inhalation or to an intranasal application.

They may be conveniently red in the form of a dry powder (either alone, as a mixture, for example a dry blend with lactose, or a mixed component particle, for example with phospholipids) from a dry powder r or an aerosol spray presentation from a pressurised container, pump, spray, atomizer or nebuliser, with or without the use of a suitable lant.

Ophthalmic formulations, eye ointments, powders, solutions, suspensions and the like, for topical stration are also contemplated as being within the scope of this ion.

The present invention further provides anhydrous pharmaceutical compositions and dosage forms comprising the compounds of the present invention as active ingredients, since water may facilitate the degradation of certain compounds.

Anhydrous pharmaceutical compositions and dosage forms of the ion can be prepared using anhydrous or low moisture ning ingredients and low moisture or low ty conditions. An anhydrous ceutical composition may be prepared and stored such that its ous nature is maintained. Accordingly, anhydrous compositions are packaged using materials known to prevent exposure to water such that they can be included in suitable formulary kits. es of suitable packaging include, but are not limited to, hermetically sealed foils, plastics, unit dose containers (e. g., vials), blister packs, and strip packs.

The invention further provides pharmaceutical compositions and dosage forms that comprise one or more agents that reduce the rate by which the compound of the present invention as an active ingredient will decompose. Such agents, which are referred to herein as "stabilizers," include, but are not limited to, antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, pH buffers, or salt buffers, etc.

Prophylactic and Therapeutic Uses The compounds of formula I in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, exhibit valuable cological properties, e.g. Factor B modulating properties, complement pathway modulating properties and modulation of the complement alternative pathway properties, e.g. as indicated in in vitro and in vivo tests as provided in the next sections and are therefore indicated for therapy.

The present invention provides methods of treating a disease or disorder associated with increased complement activity by stering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of the compounds of Formula (I) of the invention. In certain aspects, methods are provided for the treatment of diseases associated with increased activity of the C3 amplification loop of the complement pathway. In certain embodiments, methods of treating or preventing compelment mediated es are provided in which the complement activation is d by antibody-antigen interactions, by a component of an autoimmune e, or by ischemic damage.

In a specific ment, the present ion provides a method of treating or preventing age-related macular degeneration (AMD) by administering to a t in need thereof an effective amount of the compound of Formula (I) of the ion. In certain embodiments, patients who are currently asymptomatic but are at risk of developing a matic macular degeneration related disorder are suitable for stration with a compound of the invention. The methods of treating or preventing AMD include, but are not d to, methods of treating or preventing one or more symptoms or s of AMD selected from formation of ocular drusen, inflammation of the eye or eye tissue, loss of photoreceptor cells, loss of vision (including loss of visual acuity or visual field), neovascularization (including CNV), retinal detachment, eceptor degeneration, RPE degeneration, retinal degeneration, chorioretinal degeneration, cone degeneration, retinal dysfunction, retinal damage in response to light exposure, damage of the Bruch’s membrane, and/ or loss of RPE function.

The compound of a (I) of the ion can be used, inter alia, to prevent the onset of AMD, to prevent the progression of early AMD to advanced forms of AMD including neovascular AMD or geographic atrophy, to slow and/or prevent progression of geographic y, to treat or prevent macular edema from AMD or other conditions (such as diabetic retinopathy, s, or post surgical or non-surgical trauma), to prevent or reduce the loss of vision from AMD, and to improve WO 09616 vision lost due to pre-existing early or advanced AMD. It can also be used in combination with anti- VEGF ies for the treatment of cular AMD patients or for the prevention of cular AMD. The present invention further provides methods of treating a complement related disease or disorder by administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of the compound(s) of the invention, wherein said disease or disorder is selected from uveitis, adult macuar degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, retinitis pigmentosa, macular edema, Behcet’s uveitis, multifocal choroiditis, Vogt-Koyangi-Harada syndrome, intermediate uveitis, birdshot retino-chorioditis, hetic ophthalmia, ocular dicatricial pemphigoid, ocular pemphigus, nonartertic ischemic optic neuropathy, post-operative inflammation, and retinal vein occlusion.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides methods of treating a complement related disease or disorder by stering to a subject in need thereof an ive amount of the compounds of the invention. Examples of known ment related diseases or disorders include: neurological disorders, multiple sclerosis, stroke, Guillain Barre Syndrome, traumatic brain injury, Parkinson's disease, disorders of inappropriate or undesirable complement activation, hemodialysis cations, hyperacute allograft rejection, xenograft rejection, interleukin-2 induced toxicity during lL-2 therapy, inflammatory disorders, mation of autoimmune diseases, Crohn's disease, adult respiratory distress syndrome, thermal injury ing burns or frostbite, myocarditis, post-ischemic reperfusion ions, myocardial infarction, balloon angioplasty, post- pump syndrome in cardiopulmonary bypass or renal bypass, atherosclerosis, alysis, renal ischemia, mesenteric artery reperfusion after aortic reconstruction, infectious disease or sepsis, immune complex ers and autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), SLE nephritis, erative nephritis, liver fibrosis, hemolytic anemia, myasthenia gravis, tissue regeneration and neural regeneration. In addition, other known complement related e are lung e and disorders such as dyspnea, ysis, ARDS, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema, pulmonary embolisms and infarcts, pneumonia, fibrogenic dust diseases, inert dusts and minerals (e.g., silicon, coal dust, beryllium, and asbestos), pulmonary fibrosis, organic dust es, chemical injury (due to irritant gases and chemicals, e.g., chlorine, phosgene, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen dioxide, a, and hydrochloric acid), smoke injury, thermal injury (e.g., burn, freeze), asthma, allergy, bronchoconstriction, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, tic diseases, Goodpasture's Syndrome, pulmonary vasculitis, Pauci-immune vasculitis, immune complex-associated inflammation, uveitis (including ’s disease and other sub-types of uveitis), antiphospholipid syndrome.

In a specific embodiment, the present invention provides methods of treating a complement related disease or disorder by administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of the compounds of the invention, n said disease or disorder is asthma, arthritis (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis), autoimmune heart disease, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, ischemia- reperfusion es, Barraquer—Simons Syndrome, hemodialysis, anca vasculitis, cryoglobulinemia, systemic lupus, lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, lantation, diseases of the central nervous system such as Alzheimer's disease and other egenerative conditions, atypicaly hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), glomerulonephritis (including membrane proliferative glomerulonephritis), dense t disease, blistering cutaneous diseases (including bullous pemphigoid, pemphigus, and epidermolysis bullosa), ocular cicatrical goid or MPGN II.

In a specific embodiment, the present invention provides methods of treating glomerulonephritis by administering to a subject in need f an effective amount of a composition comprising a compound of the present ion. Symptoms of glomerulonephritis include, but not limited to, proteinuria; reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR); serum electrolyte changes including azotemia (uremia, excessive blood urea nitrogen--BUN) and salt retention, leading to water retention resulting in hypertension and edema; hematuria and abnormal y sediments including red cell casts; hypoalbuminemia; hyperlipidemia; and lipiduria. In a specific ment, the present invention provides methods of treating paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) by administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a composition comprising an compound of the present invention with or t concomitent administration of a complement C5 inhibitor or C5 tase inhibitor such as Soliris.

In a specific embodiment, the present invention provides methods of reducing the dysfunction of the immune and/or hemostatic systems associated with extracorporeal circulation by administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a composition comprising an nd of the present invention. The compounds of the present invention can be used in any procedure which involves circulating the patient's blood from a blood vessel of the patient, through a conduit, and back to a blood vessel of the t, the conduit having a luminal e comprising a material e of causing at least one of complement activation, platelet activation, leukocyte activation, or platelet-leukocyte adhesion. Such procedures include, but are not limited to, all forms of ECG, as well as procedures involving the introduction of an artificial or foreign organ, tissue, or vessel into the blood circuit of a patient. More particularly, such procedures include, but are not limited to, transplantation ures ing kidney, liver, lung or heart transplant procedures and islet cell transplant procedures.

In other embodiments, the compounds of the invention are suitable for use in the treatment of es and disorders associated with fatty acid lism, including obesity and other metabolic disorders.

In r embodiment, the compounds of the invention may be used in blood ampules, stic kits and other equipment used in the collection and sampling of blood. The use of the compounds of the invention in such diagnostic kits may inhibit the ex vivo activation of the complement y associated with blood sampling.

The pharmaceutical composition or combination of the t invention can be in unit dosage of about 1-1000 mg of active ingredient(s) for a subject of about 50-70 kg, or about 1-500 mg or about 1-250 mg or about 1-150 mg or about 0.5-100 mg, or about 1-50 mg of active ingredients. The therapeutically effective dosage of a compound, the pharmaceutical composition, or the combinations thereof, is dependent on the species of the subject, the body weight, age and individual condition, the disorder or disease or the severity thereof being treated. A physician, clinician or veterinarian of ordinary skill can readily determine the effective amount of each of the active ingredients necessary to t, treat or inhibit the progress of the disorder or disease.

The above-cited dosage properties are demonstrable in vitro and in vivo tests using advantageously mammals, e.g., mice, rats, dogs, monkeys or isolated organs, tissues and ations f. The compounds of the present invention can be applied in vitro in the form of solutions, e.g., aqueous solutions, and in vivo either lly, parenterally, advantageously intravenously, e.g., as a suspension or in aqueous solution. The dosage in vitro may range between about 10'3 molar and 10'9 molar concentrations. A therapeutically effective amount in vivo may range depending on the route of administration, between about 0 mg/kg, or between about 1-100 mg/kg.

The activity of a compound according to the present invention can be assessed by the following in vitro & in vivo methods.

The compound of the present invention may be administered either simultaneously with, or before or after, one or more other therapeutic agent. The compound of the present ion may be administered separately, by the same or different route of administration, or together in the same pharmaceutical composition as the other agents.

In one embodiment, the invention provides a t comprising a compound of formula (I) and at least one other eutic agent as a combined preparation for simultaneous, te or sequential use in therapy. In one embodiment, the therapy is the treatment of a disease or ion mediated by alternative complement pathway. Products provided as a combined preparation include a composition comprising the compound of formula (I) and the other therapeutic agent(s) together in the same ceutical composition, or the compound of formula (I) and the other eutic agent(s) in separate form, e.g. in the form of a kit.

In one embodiment, the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (I) and another eutic agent(s). Optionally, the pharmaceutical composition may comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, as described above.

In one embodiment, the invention provides a kit comprising two or more separate pharmaceutical compositions, at least one of which contains a compound of formula (I). In one embodiment, the kit ses means for separately retaining said compositions, such as a container, divided , or divided foil packet. An e of such a kit is a blister pack, as typically used for the packaging of tablets, capsules and the like.

The kit of the invention may be used for administering different dosage forms, for example, oral and parenteral, for administering the separate compositions at different dosage als, or for titrating the separate compositions against one another. To assist compliance, the kit of the ion typically comprises directions for administration.

In the combination therapies of the invention, the compound of the invention and the other therapeutic agent may be manufactured and/or formulated by the same or different manufacturers. er, the compound of the invention and the other therapeutic may be brought er into a combination therapy: (i) prior to release of the combination product to physicians (e.g. in the case of a kit comprising the compound of the invention and the other therapeutic agent); (ii) by the ian themselves (or under the guidance of the physician) shortly before stration; (iii) in the patient themselves, e.g. during sequential administration of the compound of the invention and the other therapeutic agent.

Accordingly, the invention provides the use of a compound of formula (I) for treating a disease or condition ed by the complement alternative pathway, wherein the ment is prepared for administration with another therapeutic agent. The invention also provides the use of another therapeutic agent for treating a disease or condition mediated by the complement ative pathway, wherein the medicament is stered with a compound of a (I).

The invention also provides a compound of formula (I) for use in a method of treating a e or condition mediated by the complement alternative pathway, wherein the nd of formula (I) is prepared for administration with another therapeutic agent. The invention also provides another therapeutic agent for use in a method of treating a disease or condition mediated by the complement alternative pathway and/or Factor B, wherein the other therapeutic agent is prepared for administration with a compound of formula (I). The invention also provides a compound of formula (I) for use in a method of treating a disease or condition mediated by the complement alternative pathway and/or Factor B, n the compound of formula (I) is administered with another therapeutic agent. The invention also provides another therapeutic agent for use in a method of treating a disease or condition mediated by the complement alternative pathway and/or Factor B, wherein the other therapeutic agent is administered with a compound of formula (I).

The invention also provides the use of a compound of formula (I) for treating a disease or condition mediated by the complement alternative pathway and/or Factor B, wherein the patient has previously (e.g. within 24 hours) been treated with r therapeutic agent. The invention also provides the use of another therapeutic agent for ng a e or condition mediated by the complement alternative y and/or Factor B wherein the patient has previously (e.g. within 24 hours) been treated with a compound of formula (I).

The pharmaceutical compositions can be administered alone or in combination with other molecules known to have a beneficial effect on retinal attachment or damaged retinal tissue, including molecules capable of tissue repair and regeneration and/or inhibiting mation.

Examples of useful, cofactors include complement inhibitors (such as tors of Factor D, C5a receptor and antibody or Fabs against C5, CB, properidin, factor H, and the like), anti-VEGF agents (such as an antibody or FAB against VEGF, e.g., Lucentis or Avastin), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), y neurotrophic factor (CNTF), axokine (a mutein of CNTF), leukemia inhibitory factor (LlF), neutrotrophin 3 (NT-3), neurotrophin-4 (NT-4), nerve growth factor (NGF), insulin-like growth factor II, prostaglandin E2, 30 kD survival factor, taurine, and vitamin A. Other useful cofactors include symptom-alleviating cofactors, including antiseptics, antibiotics, antiviral and antifungal agents and analgesics and anesthetics. Suitable agents for combination treatment with the compounds of the invention include agents known in the art that are able to te the activities of complement components.

A combination therapy regimen may be additive, or it may produce synergistic results (e.g., reductions in complement y activity more than expected for the combined use of the two agents). In some embodiments, the present invention provide a combination y for preventing and/or treating AMD or another complement related ocular e as bed above with a compound of the invention and an anti-angiogenic, such as anti-VEGF agent (including is Avastin and VEGF-R2 inhibitors including nib, sutent, inifanib, and VEGF-R2 tors disclosed in W02010/066684) or photodynamic therapy (such as as verteporfin).

In some ments, the present invention provide a combination therapy for preventing and/or treating autoimmune disease as described above with a compound of the invention and a B- Cell or T-Cell modulating agent (for example cyclosporine or analogs thereof, rapamycin, RAD001 or analogs thereof, and the like). In ular, for multiple sclerosis therapy may include the combination of a compound of the invention and a second MS agent selected from fingolimod, cladribine, tysarbi, laquinimod, rebif, avonex and the like.

In one embodiment, the invention provides a method of modulating activity of the complement alternative pathway in a subject, wherein the method ses administering to the subject a eutically effective amount of the compound according to the definition of a (I).

The invention further provides methods of modulating the activity of the complement alternative pathway in a subject by modulating the activity of Factor B, wherein the method comprises administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the compound according to the definition of a (I).

In one embodiment, the invention provides a compound according to the definition of formula (I), (la), or any subformulae thereof, for use as a medicament.

In one ment, the invention provides the use of a compound according to the definition of formula (I), (la), or any subformulae thereof, for the treatment of a disorder or e in a subject ed by complement activation. In particular, the invention provides the use of a compound according to the definition of formula (I), (la), or any subformulae thereof, for the ent of a er or disease mediated by activation of the complement alternative pathway.

In one embodiment, the invention provides the use of a compound according to the definition of formula (I), (la), or a subformulae thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a disorder or disease in a subject characterized by activation of the complement . More particularly in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a disease or disorder in a subject characterized by over activiation of the complement alternative pathway.

In one embodiment, the ion provides the use of a compound according to the definition of formula (I), (la), or subformulae thereof for the treatment of a er or disease in a subject characterized by activation of the complement system. More particularly, the invention provides uses of the compounds ed herein in the treatment of a disease or disorder characterized by over activiation of the complement alternative pathway or the C3 amplification loop of the alternative y. In certain ments, the use is in the treatment of a disease or disorder is selected from retinal diseases (such as age-related macular ration).

The present invention provides use of the compounds of the invention for treating a disease or er associated with increased complement activity by administering to a subject in need f an ive amount of the compounds of Formula (I) of the invention. In certain aspects, uses are provided for the treatment of diseases associated with increased activity of the C3 amplification loop of the complement pathway. In certain embodiments, uses of treating or preventing compelment mediated diseases are provided in which the ment activation is _ 55 _ induced by antibody-antigen interactions, by a component of an autoimmune disease, or by ischemic damage.

In a ic embodiment, the present invention provides use of the compounds of the invention for treating or preventing age-related macu|ar degeneration (AMD). In certain embodiments, patients who are currently asymptomatic but are at risk of developing a symptomatic r degeneration related disorder are suitable for administration with a compound of the invention. The use in treating or preventing AMD include, but are not limited to, uses in treating or preventing one or more symptoms or aspects of AMD selected from formation of ocular drusen, inflammation of the eye or eye tissue, loss of photoreceptor cells, loss of vision (including loss of visual acuity or visual field), cularization ding CNV), retinal detachment, eceptor degeneration, RPE degeneration, retinal degeneration, retinal degeneration, cone degeneration, retinal dysfunction, retinal damage in response to light exposure, damage of the Bruch’s membrane, and/ or loss of RPE function.

The nd of Formula (I) of the invention can be used, inter alia, to prevent the onset of AMD, to prevent the progression of early AMD to advanced forms of AMD including neovascular AMD or geographic atrophy, to slow and/or prevent progression of geographic atrophy, to treat or prevent macu|ar edema from AMD or other conditions (such as diabetic pathy, uveitis, or post surgical or non-surgical ), to prevent or reduce the loss of vision from AMD, and to improve vision lost due to pre-existing early or advanced AMD. It can also be used in combination with anti- VEGF therapies for the treatment of neovascular AMD patients or for the prevention of neovascular AMD. The present invention further provides methods of treating a complement related disease or disorder by administering to a subject in need thereof an ive amount of the compound(s) of the invention, wherein said disease or disorder is selected from uveitis, adu|t macuar degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, tis tosa, r edema, ’s uveitis, ocal choroiditis, Vogt-Koyangi-Harada syndrome, imtermediate uveitis, birdshot retino-chorioditis, hetic ophthalmia, ocular dicatricial pemphigoid, ocular pemphigus, nonartertic ic optic neuropathy, post-operative inflammation, and retinal vein occlusion.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides uses for treating a complement related disease or disorder. Examples of known ment related diseases or disorders include: neurological disorders, multiple sclerosis, stroke, Guillain Barre Syndrome, traumatic brain injury, Parkinson's disease, disorders of inappropriate or undesirable complement activation, hemodialysis complications, hyperacute allograft rejection, aft rejection, interleukin-2 induced toxicity during |L-2 therapy, inflammatory disorders, inflammation of autoimmune diseases, Crohn's disease, adult respiratory ss syndrome, thermal injury including burns or frostbite, myocarditis, post-ischemic usion conditions, myocardial infarction, balloon angioplasty, post-pump syndrome in cardiopulmonary bypass or renal bypass, atherosclerosis, alysis, renal ischemia, mesenteric artery reperfusion after aortic reconstruction, infectious disease or sepsis, immune x disorders and autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), SLE nephritis, proliferative nephritis, liver fibrosis, hemolytic anemia, enia gravis, tissue regeneration and neural regeneration. In addition, other known complement related disease are lung disease and disorders such as dyspnea, hemoptysis, ARDS, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema, pulmonary embolisms and infarcts, pneumonia, fibrogenic dust es, inert dusts and minerals (e.g., silicon, coal dust, beryllium, and asbestos), pulmonary fibrosis, organic dust diseases, al injury (due to irritant gases and chemicals, e.g., chlorine, phosgene, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen dioxide, a, and hydrochloric acid), smoke injury, thermal injury (e.g., burn, freeze), asthma, allergy, bronchoconstriction, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, parasitic diseases, Goodpasture's Syndrome, pulmonary vasculitis, immune vasculitis, immune complex-associated inflammation, uveitis ding Behcet’s disease and other sub-types of uveitis), antiphospholipid syndrome.

In a ic embodiment, the present invention provides use of the compounds of the ion for treating a complement related disease or disorder, n said disease or er is asthma, arthritis (e.g., rheumatoid tis), mune heart disease, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, ischemia-reperfusion injuries, Barraquer—Simons Syndrome, hemodialysis, systemic lupus, lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, le sclerosis, transplantation, diseases of the central s system such as Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative conditions, atypicaly hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), glomerulonephritis (including membrane erative glomerulonephritis), ring cutaneous diseases (including bullous pemphigoid, pemphigus, and epidermolysis bullosa), ocular cicatrical pemphigoid or MPGN II.

In a specific ment, the present invention es use of the compounds of the ion for treating glomerulonephritis. Symptoms of glomerulonephritis include, but not limited to, proteinuria; reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR); serum electrolyte changes including azotemia (uremia, excessive blood urea nitrogen--BUN) and salt retention, leading to water retention resulting in hypertension and edema; hematuria and abnormal urinary sediments including red cell casts; hypoalbuminemia; hyperlipidemia; and lipiduria. In a specific embodiment, the present invention provides methods of treating paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) by administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a composition comprising an compound of the present ion with or without concomitent administration of a complement C5 inhibitor or C5 convertase inhibitor such as Soliris.

In a specific embodiment, the present invention provides use of the compounds of the invention for reducing the dysfunction of the immune and/or hemostatic systems associated with extracorporeal circulation. The nds of the present invention can be used in any procedure which involves circulating the t's blood from a blood vessel of the patient, through a conduit, and back to a blood vessel of the patient, the conduit having a luminal surface comprising a material capable of causing at least one of ment activation, platelet activation, leukocyte activation, or et-leukocyte adhesion. Such procedures include, but are not limited to, all forms of ECG, as well as procedures involving the introduction of an artificial or foreign organ, tissue, or vessel into the blood circuit of a patient. More particularly, such procedures e, but are not limited to, transplantation procedures including kidney, liver, lung or heart transplant procedures and islet cell transplant procedures.

In one embodiment of the t invention, there is (-)-(S)(1-((5-cyclopropylmethyl- 1H-indolyl)methyl)piperidinyl)benzoic acid for use in the treatment of a disorder or a disease in a subject mediated by complement activation, in particular mediated by tion of the complement alternative pathway. In certain embodiments, the disease or disorder mediated by complement activation is selected from age-related macular degeneration, geographic atrophy, diabetic retinopathy, uveitis, retinitis pigmentosa, macular edema, Behcet’s uveitis, ocal choroiditis, Vogt-Koyangi-Harada syndrome, imtermediate uveitis, birdshot retino-chorioditis, sympathetic ophthalmia, ocular dicatricial pemphigoid, ocular pemphigus, nonartertic ischemic optic athy, post-operative inflammation, retinal vein occlusion, ogical disorders, multiple sclerosis, , Guillain Barre Syndrome, traumatic brain injury, Parkinson's disease, disorders of inappropriate or undesirable complement activation, hemodialysis complications, hyperacute aft rejection, xenograft rejection, eukin-2 induced toxicity during lL-2 therapy, inflammatory disorders, inflammation of autoimmune diseases, Crohn's disease, adult respiratory distress syndrome, myocarditis, post-ischemic reperfusion conditions, myocardial infarction, balloon angioplasty, post-pump me in cardiopulmonary bypass or renal , atherosclerosis, hemodialysis, renal ia, mesenteric artery reperfusion after aortic reconstruction, ious disease or sepsis, immune complex ers and autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, ic lupus erythematosus (SLE), SLE tis, proliferative nephritis, liver fibrosis, hemolytic anemia, myasthenia gravis, tissue regeneration, neural regeneration, dyspnea, hemoptysis, ARDS, asthma, chronic ctive pulmonary disease , emphysema, pulmonary embolisms and infarcts, pneumonia, fibrogenic dust diseases, pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, allergy, bronchoconstriction, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, parasitic diseases, Goodpasture's Syndrome, pulmonary vasculitis, Pauci-immune vasculitis, immune complex-associated inflammation, ospholipid syndrome, glomerulonephritis and obesity. In certain preferred embodiments, the disease or disorder mediated by complement activation is selected from age-related macular degeneration, geographic atrophy, diabetic pathy, uveitis, retinitis pigmentosa, or macular edema.

In one embodiment of the t invention, there is (-)((28,4S)—1-((5-methoxymethyl- 1H-indolyl)methyl)propoxypiperidinyl)benzoic acid for use in the treatment of a disorder or a e in a subject mediated by complement activation, in ular mediated by activation of the complement alternative pathway. In certain embodiments, the disease or disorder mediated by complement activation is selected from age-related macular ration, phic atrophy, diabetic retinopathy, uveitis, retinitis pigmentosa, macular edema, Behcet’s uveitis, multifocal choroiditis, Vogt-Koyangi-Harada me, imtermediate uveitis, birdshot -chorioditis, sympathetic ophthalmia, ocular dicatricial goid, ocular pemphigus, nonartertic ischemic optic neuropathy, post-operative inflammation, retinal vein occlusion, neurological ers, multiple sclerosis, stroke, Guillain Barre me, traumatic brain injury, Parkinson's disease, disorders of inappropriate or undesirable complement activation, hemodialysis complications, hyperacute allograft rejection, xenograft rejection, eukin-2 induced toxicity during lL-2 therapy, inflammatory disorders, inflammation of autoimmune diseases, Crohn's disease, adult respiratory distress syndrome, myocarditis, post-ischemic reperfusion conditions, myocardial infarction, balloon angioplasty, ump syndrome in cardiopulmonary bypass or renal bypass, atherosclerosis, hemodialysis, renal ischemia, mesenteric artery reperfusion after aortic reconstruction, infectious e or sepsis, immune complex disorders and autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, ic lupus erythematosus (SLE), SLE nephritis, proliferative tis, liver fibrosis, hemolytic anemia, myasthenia gravis, tissue regeneration, neural regeneration, dyspnea, hemoptysis, ARDS, , chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema, pulmonary embolisms and infarcts, pneumonia, fibrogenic dust diseases, pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, allergy, bronchoconstriction, hypersensitivity nitis, parasitic diseases, Goodpasture's Syndrome, ary vasculitis, Pauci-immune vasculitis, immune complex-associated inflammation, antiphospholipid syndrome, glomerulonephritis and obesity. In certain preferred ments, the disease or disorder mediated by complement activation is selected from age-related macular degeneration, geographic atrophy, diabetic retinopathy, uveitis, retinitis pigmentosa, or macular edema.

In one embodiment of the present invention, there is (+)((28,4R)—1-((5-methoxymethyl- 1H-indolyl)methyl)—4-methylpiperidinyl)benzoic acid for use in the treatment of a disorder or a e in a subject mediated by complement activation, in particular mediated by activation of the _ 50 _ complement alternative pathway. In certain ments, the disease or disorder mediated by complement activation is selected from age-related macular degeneration, geographic atrophy, diabetic retinopathy, uveitis, retinitis pigmentosa, macular edema, Behcet’s s, ocal choroiditis, Vogt-Koyangi-Harada syndrome, imtermediate uveitis, birdshot retino-chorioditis, sympathetic ophthalmia, ocular dicatricial goid, ocular pemphigus, nonartertic ischemic optic neuropathy, post-operative inflammation, retinal vein ion, ogical disorders, multiple sclerosis, stroke, Guillain Barre Syndrome, traumatic brain injury, Parkinson's disease, ers of inappropriate or undesirable complement activation, hemodialysis complications, hyperacute allograft rejection, xenograft rejection, interleukin-2 induced toxicity during lL-2 therapy, inflammatory disorders, inflammation of autoimmune diseases, Crohn's disease, adult respiratory ss syndrome, myocarditis, post-ischemic reperfusion conditions, myocardial tion, balloon angioplasty, post-pump syndrome in cardiopulmonary bypass or renal bypass, atherosclerosis, hemodialysis, renal ischemia, mesenteric artery reperfusion after aortic truction, infectious disease or sepsis, immune complex disorders and autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), SLE nephritis, proliferative nephritis, liver is, hemolytic anemia, myasthenia gravis, tissue regeneration, neural regeneration, dyspnea, ysis, ARDS, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema, pulmonary embolisms and infarcts, pneumonia, fibrogenic dust diseases, pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, allergy, bronchoconstriction, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, parasitic diseases, Goodpasture's Syndrome, pulmonary vasculitis, Pauci-immune vasculitis, immune complex-associated inflammation, ospholipid syndrome, glomerulonephritis and obesity. In certain preferred embodiments, the disease or disorder mediated by complement activation is selected from lated macular degeneration, phic atrophy, diabetic pathy, uveitis, retinitis pigmentosa, or macular edema.

In one embodiment of the t invention, there is (-)((2S,4S)—4-methoxy((5- methoxymethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)piperidinyl)benzoic acid for use in the ent of a disorder or a disease in a subject mediated by complement activation, in particular mediated by activation of the complement alternative pathway. In certain embodiments, the disease or disorder ed by complement activation is selected from age-related r ration, geographic atrophy, diabetic retinopathy, uveitis, retinitis tosa, r edema, Behcet’s uveitis, multifocal choroiditis, Vogt-Koyangi-Harada syndrome, ediate uveitis, birdshot retino- chorioditis, sympathetic ophthalmia, ocular dicatricial pemphigoid, ocular pemphigus, nonartertic ischemic optic neuropathy, post-operative inflammation, retinal vein occlusion, neurological disorders, multi ple sclerosis, stroke, Guillain Barre Syndrome, traumatic brain in'uJ ry, Parkinson's disease, ers of inappropriate or undesirable complement activation, hemodialysis cations, hyperacute allograft rejection, xenograft rejection, interleukin-2 induced toxicity during lL-2 therapy, matory disorders, inflammation of autoimmune diseases, Crohn's disease, adult respiratory distress syndrome, ditis, post-ischemic reperfusion conditions, myocardial infarction, balloon lasty, post-pump syndrome in cardiopulmonary bypass or renal bypass, atherosclerosis, hemodialysis, renal ischemia, mesenteric artery reperfusion after aortic reconstruction, infectious disease or , immune complex disorders and autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), SLE tis, proliferative nephritis, liver fibrosis, tic anemia, myasthenia gravis, tissue regeneration, neural regeneration, dyspnea, hemoptysis, ARDS, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema, pulmonary embolisms and infarcts, pneumonia, enic dust diseases, pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, allergy, bronchoconstriction, hypersensitivity nitis, parasitic diseases, Goodpasture's me, pulmonary vasculitis, Pauci-immune vasculitis, immune complex-associated inflammation, antiphospholipid syndrome, glomerulonephritis and obesity. In certain preferred embodiments, the disease or disorder mediated by complement activation is selected from lated macular degeneration, geographic atrophy, diabetic retinopathy, uveitis, retinitis pigmentosa, or macular edema.

In one embodiment of the t invention, there is (-)(rel-(2S,4S)—4-ethoxy((5- methoxymethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)piperidinyl)picolinic acid for use in the treatment of a er or a disease in a subject mediated by complement activation, in particular ed by activation of the complement alternative pathway. In certain embodiments, the disease or disorder mediated by complement activation is selected from age-related macular degeneration, phic atrophy, diabetic retinopathy, uveitis, retinitis pigmentosa, macular edema, Behcet’s uveitis, multifocal choroiditis, Vogt-Koyangi-Harada syndrome, imtermediate uveitis, birdshot - chorioditis, sympathetic ophthalmia, ocular icial pemphigoid, ocular pemphigus, nonartertic ischemic optic athy, post-operative inflammation, retinal vein occlusion, neurological disorders, multiple sclerosis, stroke, Guillain Barre Syndrome, traumatic brain injury, son's disease, disorders of inappropriate or undesirable complement activation, hemodialysis cations, hyperacute allograft rejection, xenograft rejection, interleukin-2 induced toxicity during lL-2 y, inflammatory disorders, inflammation of autoimmune es, Crohn's disease, adult respiratory distress syndrome, myocarditis, post-ischemic reperfusion conditions, myocardial infarction, balloon angioplasty, post-pump syndrome in cardiopulmonary bypass or renal bypass, atherosclerosis, hemodialysis, renal ischemia, mesenteric artery reperfusion after aortic reconstruction, infectious disease or sepsis, immune complex disorders and autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), SLE nephritis, proliferative nephritis, liver fibrosis, hemolytic anemia, myasthenia gravis, tissue regeneration, neural regeneration, dyspnea, hemoptysis, ARDS, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease , emphysema, pulmonary embolisms and infarcts, pneumonia, enic dust diseases, pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, allergy, bronchoconstriction, ensitivity pneumonitis, parasitic diseases, Goodpasture's me, pulmonary itis, Pauci-immune vasculitis, immune complex-associated inflammation, antiphospholipid syndrome, glomerulonephritis and obesity. In certain preferred embodiments, the e or disorder ed by ment activation is selected from age-related macular degeneration, geographic atrophy, diabetic retinopathy, uveitis, tis pigmentosa, or macular edema.

In one embodiment of the present invention, there is (-)(1-((5-methoxymethyl-1H-indol- 4-yl)methyl)-4,4-dimethylpiperidinyl)benzoic acid for use in the treatment of a disorder or a disease in a subject mediated by complement activation, in ular mediated by activation of the complement alternative pathway. In certain embodiments, the e or disorder mediated by ment activation is selected from age-related macular degeneration, geographic atrophy, diabetic retinopathy, uveitis, retinitis pigmentosa, macular edema, Behcet’s uveitis, multifocal choroiditis, Vogt-Koyangi-Harada syndrome, imtermediate uveitis, birdshot retino-chorioditis, sympathetic ophthalmia, ocular dicatricial pemphigoid, ocular pemphigus, nonartertic ischemic optic neuropathy, post-operative inflammation, retinal vein occlusion, neurological disorders, multiple sis, stroke, Guillain Barre Syndrome, traumatic brain injury, Parkinson's disease, disorders of opriate or rable complement activation, hemodialysis complications, hyperacute allograft rejection, aft rejection, eukin-2 induced toxicity during lL-2 therapy, inflammatory disorders, inflammation of autoimmune diseases, Crohn's disease, adult respiratory distress syndrome, myocarditis, post-ischemic usion conditions, myocardial tion, balloon angioplasty, post-pump syndrome in cardiopulmonary bypass or renal bypass, atherosclerosis, hemodialysis, renal ischemia, mesenteric artery reperfusion after aortic reconstruction, infectious disease or sepsis, immune complex disorders and autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), SLE nephritis, proliferative nephritis, liver fibrosis, hemolytic anemia, enia gravis, tissue regeneration, neural regeneration, dyspnea, hemoptysis, ARDS, asthma, chronic ctive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema, pulmonary embolisms and ts, pneumonia, fibrogenic dust diseases, pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, allergy, bronchoconstriction, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, tic diseases, Goodpasture's Syndrome, pulmonary vasculitis, Pauci-immune vasculitis, immune complex-associated inflammation, antiphospholipid syndrome, glomerulonephritis and obesity. In certain preferred embodiments, the disease or disorder mediated by complement activation is selected from lated macular degeneration, geographic atrophy, diabetic retinopathy, uveitis, retinitis pigmentosa, or macular edema.

In one embodiment of the present invention, there is ,4S)—(4-ethoxy—1-((5-methoxy -1H-indolyl)methyl)piperidinyl))benzoic acid ((+)-as TFA salt) for use in the treatment of a disorder or a disease in a t mediated by complement activation, in particular mediated by activation of the complement alternative pathway. In certain embodiments, the disease or disorder mediated by complement activation is selected from age-related macular degeneration, geographic atrophy, diabetic retinopathy, uveitis, retinitis pigmentosa, macular edema, ’s uveitis, multifocal choroiditis, Vogt-Koyangi-Harada syndrome, imtermediate uveitis, birdshot retino- chorioditis, sympathetic ophthalmia, ocular dicatricial pemphigoid, ocular pemphigus, nonartertic ischemic optic neuropathy, post-operative inflammation, retinal vein occlusion, neurological disorders, multiple sclerosis, , Guillain Barre Syndrome, traumatic brain injury, Parkinson's disease, disorders of inappropriate or undesirable complement activation, hemodialysis complications, hyperacute allograft rejection, xenograft rejection, interleukin-2 induced toxicity during lL-2 therapy, inflammatory disorders, inflammation of autoimmune es, Crohn's disease, adult respiratory distress me, ditis, post-ischemic usion conditions, myocardial infarction, balloon angioplasty, post-pump syndrome in cardiopulmonary bypass or renal bypass, atherosclerosis, hemodialysis, renal ischemia, mesenteric artery usion after aortic reconstruction, infectious disease or sepsis, immune complex disorders and autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid tis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), SLE nephritis, proliferative nephritis, liver fibrosis, hemolytic anemia, enia gravis, tissue regeneration, neural ration, dyspnea, hemoptysis, ARDS, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema, pulmonary embolisms and infarcts, pneumonia, fibrogenic dust diseases, ary is, asthma, allergy, bronchoconstriction, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, parasitic diseases, Goodpasture's Syndrome, pulmonary vasculitis, Pauci-immune vasculitis, immune complex-associated inflammation, antiphospholipid syndrome, ulonephritis and obesity. In certain preferred embodiments, the disease or disorder mediated by complement activation is selected from age-related r degeneration, geographic atrophy, diabetic retinopathy, uveitis, retinitis pigmentosa, or macular edema.

In one ment of the present ion, there is (rel-(28,4S)—1-((5,7-dimethyl-1H- indolyl)methyl)—4-methoxypiperidinyl)benzoic acid for use in the treatment of a disorder or a disease in a subject mediated by complement activation, in particular mediated by activation of the complement alternative pathway. In n embodiments, the disease or er mediated by _ 54 _ complement activation is ed from age-related macular degeneration, geographic atrophy, diabetic retinopathy, uveitis, retinitis pigmentosa, macular edema, Behcet’s uveitis, multifocal choroiditis, Vogt-Koyangi-Harada syndrome, imtermediate uveitis, birdshot -chorioditis, sympathetic ophthalmia, ocular icial pemphigoid, ocular pemphigus, nonartertic ischemic optic neuropathy, post-operative inflammation, retinal vein occlusion, neurological disorders, multiple sclerosis, stroke, Guillain Barre me, traumatic brain injury, Parkinson's disease, disorders of inappropriate or undesirable complement activation, hemodialysis cations, hyperacute allograft rejection, xenograft rejection, interleukin-2 induced toxicity during lL-2 therapy, inflammatory disorders, inflammation of autoimmune diseases, Crohn's disease, adult respiratory distress syndrome, ditis, post-ischemic reperfusion conditions, myocardial infarction, balloon angioplasty, post-pump syndrome in cardiopulmonary bypass or renal bypass, atherosclerosis, hemodialysis, renal ischemia, mesenteric artery reperfusion after aortic reconstruction, infectious disease or sepsis, immune complex disorders and autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid tis, ic lupus erythematosus (SLE), SLE nephritis, proliferative nephritis, liver fibrosis, hemolytic , myasthenia gravis, tissue regeneration, neural regeneration, dyspnea, hemoptysis, ARDS, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease , emphysema, pulmonary embolisms and infarcts, pneumonia, enic dust diseases, pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, y, bronchoconstriction, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, parasitic diseases, Goodpasture's Syndrome, pulmonary vasculitis, Pauci-immune itis, immune complex-associated inflammation, antiphospholipid syndrome, glomerulonephritis and obesity. In certain preferred embodiments, the disease or er mediated by complement activation is selected from age-related macular degeneration, geographic atrophy, diabetic retinopathy, s, retinitis pigmentosa, or macular edema.

In one embodiment of the present invention, there is 4-(rel-(28,4S)—1-((5,7-dimethyl-1H- indolyl)methyl)ethoxypiperidinyl)benzoic acid ((+)- as TFA salt) for use in the treatment of a er or a disease in a subject mediated by complement activation, in particular mediated by tion of the ment alternative pathway. In certain embodiments, the disease or disorder ed by complement activation is selected from age-related macular degeneration, geographic atrophy, diabetic retinopathy, uveitis, retinitis pigmentosa, macular edema, ’s uveitis, multifocal choroiditis, Vogt-Koyangi-Harada syndrome, imtermediate uveitis, ot retino- ditis, hetic ophthalmia, ocular dicatricial pemphigoid, ocular pemphigus, nonartertic ischemic optic neuropathy, post-operative inflammation, retinal vein occlusion, neurological disorders, multiple sclerosis, stroke, Guillain Barre Syndrome, traumatic brain injury, Parkinson's disease, disorders of inappropriate or undesirable complement activation, hemodialysis _ 55 _ complications, hyperacute allograft ion, xenograft rejection, interleukin-2 induced toxicity during |L-2 therapy, inflammatory disorders, inflammation of mune diseases, Crohn's disease, adult respiratory distress syndrome, myocarditis, post-ischemic reperfusion conditions, myocardial infarction, balloon angioplasty, post-pump syndrome in cardiopulmonary bypass or renal , atherosclerosis, hemodialysis, renal ischemia, mesenteric artery reperfusion after aortic reconstruction, infectious e or sepsis, immune complex disorders and autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), SLE nephritis, proliferative nephritis, liver fibrosis, hemolytic , myasthenia gravis, tissue regeneration, neural regeneration, dyspnea, hemoptysis, ARDS, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), ema, pulmonary embolisms and infarcts, pneumonia, fibrogenic dust diseases, pulmonary is, asthma, allergy, bronchoconstriction, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, parasitic diseases, Goodpasture's Syndrome, pulmonary vasculitis, immune vasculitis, immune x-associated inflammation, antiphospholipid syndrome, glomerulonephritis and obesity. In certain preferred ments, the disease or disorder mediated by complement activation is selected from age-related macular degeneration, geographic atrophy, diabetic retinopathy, uveitis, retinitis pigmentosa, or macular edema.

In one ment of the present invention, there is (-)(rel-(28,4S)—1-((5-cyclopropyl methyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)—4-methoxypiperidinyl)benzoic acid for use in the treatment of a disorder or a disease in a subject mediated by complement activation, in particular mediated by activation of the complement alternative pathway. In certain embodiments, the disease or disorder mediated by complement activation is selected from age-related macular degeneration, geographic atrophy, diabetic retinopathy, uveitis, retinitis pigmentosa, macular edema, Behcet’s uveitis, multifocal choroiditis, Vogt-Koyangi-Harada me, ediate uveitis, birdshot retino- chorioditis, sympathetic ophthalmia, ocular dicatricial pemphigoid, ocular pemphigus, ertic ischemic optic neuropathy, post-operative inflammation, retinal vein ion, neurological disorders, multiple sis, stroke, Guillain Barre Syndrome, traumatic brain , Parkinson's disease, ers of inappropriate or undesirable complement activation, hemodialysis complications, hyperacute allograft rejection, xenograft rejection, interleukin-2 induced toxicity during |L-2 therapy, inflammatory disorders, inflammation of autoimmune diseases, Crohn's disease, adult respiratory distress syndrome, myocarditis, post-ischemic reperfusion conditions, myocardial tion, balloon angioplasty, post-pump syndrome in cardiopulmonary bypass or renal , sclerosis, hemodialysis, renal ia, mesenteric artery reperfusion after aortic reconstruction, infectious disease or sepsis, immune complex disorders and mune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), SLE nephritis, proliferative _ 55 _ nephritis, liver fibrosis, hemolytic anemia, myasthenia gravis, tissue regeneration, neural regeneration, dyspnea, hemoptysis, ARDS, asthma, c obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema, pulmonary embolisms and infarcts, pneumonia, enic dust diseases, pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, allergy, bronchoconstriction, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, parasitic diseases, sture's Syndrome, pulmonary vasculitis, Pauci-immune itis, immune complex-associated inflammation, antiphospholipid syndrome, glomerulonephritis and obesity. In certain preferred embodiments, the disease or disorder mediated by ment activation is selected from age-related macular degeneration, phic atrophy, diabetic pathy, uveitis, retinitis pigmentosa, or macular edema.

In one embodiment of the t invention, there is (+)(rel-(28,4S)—1-((5-cyclopropyl methyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)ethoxypiperidinyl)benzoic acid for use in the treatment of a disorder or a disease in a subject mediated by complement tion, in ular mediated by activation of the complement alternative pathway. In certain embodiments, the e or disorder mediated by complement activation is selected from age-related r degeneration, geographic atrophy, diabetic retinopathy, uveitis, retinitis pigmentosa, macular edema, Behcet’s uveitis, multifocal ditis, Vogt-Koyangi-Harada syndrome, imtermediate uveitis, birdshot retino- chorioditis, sympathetic ophthalmia, ocular dicatricial pemphigoid, ocular pemphigus, nonartertic ischemic optic neuropathy, post-operative inflammation, retinal vein occlusion, neurological ers, multiple sis, stroke, Guillain Barre Syndrome, traumatic brain injury, Parkinson's disease, disorders of inappropriate or undesirable complement activation, hemodialysis complications, hyperacute allograft rejection, xenograft rejection, eukin-2 induced toxicity during |L-2 therapy, inflammatory disorders, inflammation of autoimmune diseases, s disease, adult respiratory distress syndrome, myocarditis, post-ischemic reperfusion conditions, myocardial infarction, balloon angioplasty, post-pump syndrome in cardiopulmonary bypass or renal bypass, atherosclerosis, hemodialysis, renal ischemia, mesenteric artery reperfusion after aortic reconstruction, infectious e or sepsis, immune complex disorders and autoimmune diseases, toid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), SLE nephritis, erative nephritis, liver fibrosis, hemolytic anemia, enia , tissue regeneration, neural regeneration, dyspnea, hemoptysis, ARDS, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema, pulmonary embolisms and ts, pneumonia, fibrogenic dust diseases, pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, allergy, bronchoconstriction, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, parasitic diseases, Goodpasture's Syndrome, pulmonary vasculitis, Pauci-immune vasculitis, immune complex-associated inflammation, antiphospholipid syndrome, glomerulonephritis and obesity. In certain preferred embodiments, the disease or disorder mediated by complement activation is selected from age-related r degeneration, geographic atrophy, diabetic pathy, uveitis, retinitis pigmentosa, or macular edema.

The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention and are not to be construed as being limitations thereon. Temperatures are given in degrees centrigrade (°C). If not mentioned othenNise, all evaporations are performed under reduced pressure, lly n about 15 mm Hg and 100 mm Hg (= 20-133 mbar). The structure of final products, intermediates and starting materials is confirmed by standard analytical methods, e.g., microanalysis and spectroscopic characteristics, e.g., MS, IR, NMR. Abbreviations used are those conventional in the art.

All starting materials, building blocks, reagents, acids, bases, dehydrating agents, solvents, and catalysts utilized to sis the compounds of the present invention are either commercially available or can be produced by organic synthesis s known to one of ordinary skill in the art (Houben-Weyl 4th Ed. 1952, Methods of Organic Synthesis, Thieme, Volume 21). Further, the compounds of the t invention can be ed by organic synthesis methods known to one of ordinary skill in the art as shown in the following es.

Inter Alia the following in vitro tests may be used.

The following Examples, while representing preferred embodiments of the invention, serve to illustrate the ion without limiting its scope.

Abbreviations 9-BBN 9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Ac acetyl AcOH acetic acid APCI atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization app apparent aq. aqueous atm atmosphere BINAP 2,2’-Bis(diphenylphosphino)—1,1’-binaphthy| Boc tertiary butyloxy carboxy br. Broad Bu butyl BuOH butanol Bz benzoyl calcd. Calculated Cbz carboxybenzyl _ 68 _ d doublet dd doublet of doublets DCE 1,2-dichloroethane DEA diethylamine DEAD diethyl azodicarboxylate DlBAL-H diisobutylaluminium hydride DIPEA isopropylethylamine DMAP 4,4-dimethylaminopyridine DME 1,2-dimethoxyethane DMF N,N-dimethylformamide DMSO dimethylsulfoxide dppf 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene dppp 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane EDC-HCI 1-ethyl(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride ESI electrospray ionization EtOAc ethyl acetate Et ethyl EtOH ethanol g grams h, hr hour(s) HATU 7-azabenzotriazolyl)--1,1,3,3-tetramethyl m hexafluorophosphate methanaminium HC HPLC ion HFIP 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro—2—propanol HPLC high performance liquid chromatography IPA, iPrOH 2—propanol IR infrared spectroscopy L liter(s) M molar MHz mega Hertz m multiplet Me methyl Mel iodomethane MeOH methanol mg milligram(s) min minutes mL milliliter(s) mmol mi||imo|es MS mass spectrometry Ms methyanesulfonyl m/z mass to charge ratio normal NMR nuclear magnetic resonance PBS phosphate ed saline Pd/C palladium on carbon Ph phenyl ppm parts per million rac racemic rel relative stereochemical information (e.g., trans or cis) and does not denote absolute chemistry of accompanying stereochemical information r.t. room temperature RP- reverse phase s singlet satd. saturated SFC Supercritical Fluid Chromatography SOs.Py, SOs-Py sulfur trioxide pyridine complex t triplet TBAF tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride TBDPS tert—butyldiphenylsilyl I, TBDPS—Cl tert—butyldiphenylsilyl chloride TEA, Et3N triethylamine tert- tertiary TFA oroacetic acid TFE 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol THF tetrahyd rofu ran TMS trimethylsilyl WO 09616 _ 70 _ TMSOTf trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate TMSP sodium 3-trimethylsilylpropionate-2,2,3,3-d4 tr retention time Tris tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane Ts p-toluenesulfonyl TsOH p-toluenesulfonic acid v/v volume per volume w/v weight per volume The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention and are not to be construed as being limitations thereon. Unless ise stated, one or more tautomeric forms of compounds of the examples described hereinafter may be prepared in situ and/or isolated. All tautomeric forms of compounds of the examples bed hereafter should be considered to be disclosed.

Temperatures are given in degrees centigrade. If not ned otherwise, all evaporations are performed under reduced pressure, preferably between about 15 mm Hg and 100 mm Hg (= 20- 133 mbar). The structure of final products, intermediates and starting materials is confirmed by standard analytical methods, e.g., microanalysis and spectroscopic characteristics, e.g., MS, IR, NMR. Abbreviations used are those conventional in the art.

All starting materials, building blocks, reagents, acids, bases, dehydrating , solvents, and catalysts ed to synthesis the compounds of the present invention are either commercially available or can be produced by organic synthesis methods known to one of ordinary skill in the art (Houben-Weyl 4th Ed. 1952, Methods of Organic Synthesis, Thieme, Volume 21). Further, the compounds of the present ion can be ed by organic synthesis methods known to one of ordinary skill in the art as shown in the following examples.

All reactions are carried out under nitrogen or argon unless othenNise stated. Optical rotations were ed in MeOH, using D line of a sodium lamp.

Proton NMR (1H NMR) is conducted in deuterated solvent. In certain compounds sed herein, one or more 1H shifts overlap with residual proteo solvent signals; these signals have not been reported in the experimental provided hereinafter.

Multiple parent ion masses are reported for mass spectroscopy data when the compound of the invention contains one or more bromine atoms. Bromine exists as an approximately 1:1 molar ratio of 79Br:81Br. Thus, a compound with a single bromine atom will t two parent mass ions having a difference of 2 amu.

WO 09616 Following preparation methods were used for RP-HPLC.

HC-A: - Stationary phase: Waters SunFireTM Prep C18 OBDTM 5pm, 30x100 mm - Mobile phase: gradient, water with 0.1% TFA / itrile HC-B - Stationary phase: Gemini® NX 5p C18 110A 100x30 mm - Mobile phase: gradient, water with 0.1% (28% ammonium ide) / acetonitrile Absolute stereochemistry and/or optical rotations are provided for the embodiments of the invention where applicable. The invention contemplates all stereochemical forms of the compounds provided herein. Where absolute stereochemistry is provided the assessment was made via X—ray diffraction, and/or chemical ation, and/or at least one chiral center was from a purchased commercial enantiopure (>15:1 er) starting material. In some instances compounds contain two or more chiral centers. The ve chemistry of these compounds was assessed via NMR studies and/or X-ray diffraction. In these cases the compounds are identified with the prefix "rel" followed by R/S nomenclature. Of note, in instances where "ref’ is used the R/S only provides relative stereochemical information (e.g., trans or cis) and does not denote absolute stereochemistry. In some instances the ve stereochemistry of a reomeric pair was not determined and thus the dual diasteromers are identified by the retention time under delineated HPLC conditions and the monikers "diastereomer—1" or "diastereomer—2", or e reomer" when only one isomer is isolated and/or available.

In the case of a racemic samples, including intermediates, enantiomers are separated by chromatography using a chiral stationary phase and are identified/differentiated either by HPLC retention time employing a chiral stationary phase and the monikers "enantiomer—1" or "enantiomer- 2", and/or by a specific "+" or "-" sign ing to the rotation of polarized light when this data is available.

In instances when individual diastereomers, that are racemic, are identified but relative stereochemistry is not determined, then the compounds are ated with the symbol "(i ) along with the moniker "diastereomer—1" or "diastereomer—2", or "single diastereomer" if only one isomer is isolated and/or available.

In instances where a qualitative specific rotation is available, but relative stereochemistry is not determined, individual diastereomers are identified as "+" or "-" along with the designation "diastereomer—1" or "diastereomer—2", or "single diastereomer" when only one isomer is isolated and/or available.

In some instances es possess an acidic functional group as such during final purification procedures samples may contain an rmined mixture of the free acid along with potassium and/or lithium salts of the titled compound. Small changes in the amount of salt present may change the observed chemical shift or intensity for some peaks in the 1H NMR spectra.

Intermediate 1-1: Intermediate 1A; 5,7-dimethyInitrotosyI-1H-indole To a solution of 5,7-dimethylnitro-1H-indole (CAS; 11903142, 10 g, 52.6 mmol) in DMF (200 mL) was added nwise NaH (3.2 g, 60% in mineral oil, 79 mmol) at 0 °C, and then the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 0.5 h. The mixture was cooled down to 0 °C. To the red sion was added TsCl (15.0 g, 79 mmol) at 0 °C, and then the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 22 h. At this point, the reaction was quenched with half saturated aq. KHSO4.

The mixture was diluted with H20, and then the whole mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1h. The resulting solid was collected by filtration. The obtained brown solid was successively washed with H20, MeOH, and heptane. The solid was dried to give the title nd. MS (ESI+) m/z 345.1 (M+H).

Intermediate 1B; 5,7-dimethyItosyI-1H-indolamine Ts To a solution of 5,7-dimethylnitrotosyl-1H-indole , ediate 1A, (17 g, 49.4 mmol) in MeOH (50 mL)/EtOAc (300 mL) was added Zn (16.1 g, 247 mmol). The suspension was cooled down to 0 °C. To the suspension was added dropwise AcOH (30 mL) over 30 min, and then the mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 0.5 h. The flask was removed from the ice bath, and the mixture left stirring at room temperature for 18.5 h. The reaction mixture was poured into a mixture of Celite®/5% aq. /EtOAc, and then the basic e was vigorously stirred for 0.5 h. The mixture was filtered through Celite®. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washed with 5% aq. , H20, and brine, dried over NaZSO4, and then filtered. Concentration of the filtrate gave the title compound, which was used without the need for further purification. MS (ESI+) m/z 315.1 (M+H).

WO 09616 Intermediate 1C; 4-iodo-5,7-dimethyltosy|-1H-indole To a suspension of 5,7-dimethyltosyl-1H-indolamine, Intermediate 1B, (7.70 g, 24.5 mmol) in H20 (80 mL)/EtOAc (150 mL) was added conc. aq. HCI (4.3 mL, 49.0 mmol) at 0 °C, and then the mixture was stirred at 0 °C. To the suspension was added dropwise a solution of NaN02 (2.0 g, 29.4 mmol) in H20 (20 mL) over 15 min while keeping the temperature below 5 oC.

Once the addition was complete, the e was d at 0 °C for 1h. To the mixture was added dropwise a solution of Kl (12.2 g, 73.5 mmol) in H20 (20 mL) over 15 min, and then the mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 1hr. The reaction was quenched with half saturated Na28203, and then the whole mixture was stirred at room temperature for ca. 16h. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc, and then the layers were partitioned. The organic layer was successively washed with H20 and brine, dried over Na2804, and then filtered and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography [heptane/(30% EtOAc in CH2C|2) = 91/9 to 85/15)]. The resulting residue was triturated with EtZO, and then the solid was collected by filtration to give the title nd. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-ds) 6 7.92 (d, J=3.80 Hz, 1H), 7.61 (d, J=8.60 Hz, 2H), 7.40 (dd, , 8.60 Hz, 2H), 7.04 (s, 1H), 6.72 (d, J=3.79 Hz, 1H), 2.41 (s, 3H), 2.37 (s, 3H), 2.34 (s, 3H).

Intermediate 1-1; 5,7-dimethyltosy|-1H-indolecarbaldehyde H o To a solution of 4-iodo-5,7-dimethyltosyl-1H-indole, ediate 1C, (950 mg, 2.1 mmol) and DMF (0.33 mL, 4.2 mmol) in cyclopentyl methyl ether (22 mL), was added n-butyllithium in hexane (2.2 M, 1.3 mL, 2.8 mmol) at -78 °C. After stirring for 1 h, additional n-butyllithium in hexane (2.2 M, 0.19 mL, 0.42 mmol) was added. After stirring for 15 min, the reaction was quenched with MeOH (2 mL) and 1M aq. NaHSO4 (4.5 mL), and diluted with EtOAc and brine. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc. The organic layers were ed, washed with brine, dried over NaZSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography [(10% CH2C|2/heptane)/(20%EtOAc/ CH2C|2) = 100/0 to 50/50] to afford the title compound. MS (ES|+) m/z 328.2 (M+H).

Intermediate 1-2: ediatelnt2-A; omethyI-1H-indoIecarbonitrile To a suspension of 1 M vinylmagnesium bromide in THF (249 mL, 249 mmol) was added 2- bromomethylnitro-benzonitrile (15 g, 62.2 mmol) in THF (100 mL) dropwise while keeping the reaction temperature below -20 °C. After completion of the addition, the mixture was placed at room temperature and stirred at for 1.5h. The reaction mixture was then cooled to below -20 °C and quenched with MeOH while maintaining the internal reaction temperature below 0 °C. To the mixture was added Celite®, and 5% aq. NaHCOs (50 mL). The mixture was diluted with CHZCIZ, and ed through a Si02 pad, which was rinsed with a e of CHZCIZ/EtOAc (ca. 1/1). The filtrate was concentrated to give the title compound, which was used in the next reaction without the need for further cation. MS (ESl-) m/z 233.1, 235.1. (M-H).

Intermediate 1B; 5-bromomethyItosyI-1H-indoIecarbonitrile To a suspension of 5-bromomethyl-1H-indolecarbonitrile, Intermediate 1A, (11.99 g, 51 mmol), TsCl (14.58 g, 77 mmol), and triethylbenzylammonium chloride (1.162 g, 5.10 mmol) in CHZCIZ (300 mL) was added NaOH (3.06 g, 77 mmol), and then the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 19h. The reaction mixture was quenched with H20, and the mixture was vigorously stirred for 1h. The mixture was further diluted with CHZCIZ and the e was successively washed with H20 and brine, and the organic layer then dried over NaZSO4, filtered, and trated. The resulting residue was triturated with MeOH and the solid was collected by filtration to afford the title compound, which was used in the next reaction without the need for further purification. MS (ESl-) m/z 387.2, 389.2. (M-H).

Intermediate 1C; 5-bromomethyltosy|-1H-indolecarbaldehyde H 0 To a solution of 5-bromomethyltosyl-1H-indolecarbonitrile, Intermediate 1B, (10 g, 25.7 mmol) in toluene (500 mL) at -78 °C was added 1 M DIBAL-H (38.5 mL, 38.5 mmol) in e over 10 min. The mixture was then stirred at -78 °C for ca. 75 minutes. The reaction was then ed with MeOH at -78 °C. To the mixture was then added 5 N aq. HCI (100 mL), and the reaction mixture was then placed at room temperature for 2 h at which time an excess of solid Na+/K+ tartrate (Rochelle’s Salt) was added followed by H20 (100 mL). The mixture was then usly stirred at room ature for ca. 3h and then diluted with EtOAc. The mixture was filtered through a plug of Celite®, and the filtrate was partitioned. The organic phase was successively washed with 5% aq. NaHC03, H20, and brine, dried over Na2804, filtered, and concentrated to furnish the title compound without the need for further purification. MS (ES|+) m/z 392.0; 394.0 (M+H).

Intermediate 1D; 5-bromomethyl-1H-indolecarbaldehyde H 0 To a on of omethyltosyl-1H-indolecarbaldehyde, Intermediate 1C, (6.5 g, 16.57 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (50 mL)/H20 (5 mL) was added KOH (2 g, 35.6 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 100 °C for ca. 3 h. The reaction mixture was then diluted with CH2C|2, and the mixture was washed with H20 and brine, and the organic layer dried over NaZSO4, ed, and concentrated to furnish the title compound without the need for further purification. MS (ESl-) m/z 235.9, 238.0 (M-H).

Intermediate 1E; tert-butyl 5-bromoformylmethyl-1H-indolecarboxylate H 0 To a solution of 5-bromomethyl-1H-indolecarbaldehyde, ediate 1D, (3.6 g, .12 mmol) in CH3CN was added Boc20 (7.02 mL, 30.2 mmol), followed by DMAP (0.185 g, 1.512 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for ca. 1h. Then the reaction was quenched with H20. The whole mixture was vigorously stirred for 0.5h. The mixture was then d with CH2C|2. The organic phase was then washed successively with H20 and brine, dried over Na2804, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography [heptane/30% EtOAc in CH2C|2= 85/15] to give the title compound. MS (ESI+) m/z 338.0, 340.0 (M+H)+.

WO 09616 Intermediate 1-2; tert-butyl 5-cyclopropylformylmethyl-1H-indolecarboxylate H o To a suspension of tert—butyl 5-bromo—4-formylmethyl-1H-indolecarboxylate, ediate 1E, (9.5 g, 14.05 mmol) in toluene (50 mL)/H20 (20 mL) at room temperature was added Cs2C03 (27.5 g, 84 mmol), potassium ropyltetrafluoroborate (4.16 g, 28.1 mmol), and Ru-Phos (CAS: 7876188) (2.62 g, 5.62 mmol), followed by Pd(OAc)2 (0.631 g, 2.81 mmol).

The whole mixture was then stirred at 100 °C for 2 h. The on mixture was cooled down to room ature and diluted with CH2C|2. The organic layer was washed successively with H20 and brine, dried over NaZSO4, filtered and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography [heptane/(30% EtOAc in CH2C|2) =82/18]. The resulting solid was ated with heptane to furnish the title compound. MS (ES|+) m/z 300.3 (M+H)+.

Intermediate 1-3: Intermediate 1A; tert-butyl 5-methoxymethyl-1H-indolecarboxy|ate To a solution of 5-methoxymethyl-1H-indole (CAS: 610194, 9.69 g, 60.1 mmol) in CH2C|2 (200 mL) at room temperature was added Boc20 (19.54 mi, 84 mmol), DMAP (0.734 g, 6.01 mmol), and Et3N (10.05 mi, 72.1 mmol). The mixture was then stirred for 16h. The reaction was diluted with CH2C|2 and saturated NH4CI. The aqueous phase was extracted three times with CH2C|2. The c phase was washed with brine, dried over NaZSO4, filtered, and concentrated.

The resulting residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography (EtOAc/heptanes) to provide the title nd. MS (ESI+) m/z 262.2 (M+H).

Intermediate 1-3; utyl 4-formylmethoxymethy|-1H-indolecarboxylate H o To a solution of N-methylformanilide (10.49 mi, 85 mmol) in CH2C|2 (68 mL) at room temperature was added oxalyl chloride (7.44 ml, 85 mmol) dropwise over 30 min. The mixture was then stirred for 16h at room temperature. The mixture was then added dropwise over 45 min to a solution of tert—butyl 5-methoxymethyl-1H-indole—1-carboxylate, Intermediate 1A, (16.99 g, 65 mmol) in CH2C|2 (70 mL) at -14 °C. The resulting mixture was stirred for 1.5h at -14 °C. The reaction was quenched with ice water and then ted three times with CH2C|2. The organic phase was then washed with brine, dried over NaZSO4, ed, and concentrated. The ing residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography (EtOAc/heptanes) to provide the title compound. MS (ES|+) m/z 290.1 (M+H).

Intermediate 1-4: Intermediate 1A; (2-chloromethylnitrophenyl)methanol To a solution of 2-chloromethylnitrobenzoic acid (CAS; 5, 15 g, 69.6 mmol) and triethylamine (11.1 mL, 80 mmol) in THF (200 mL) was added 1,1,1-trichloromethylpropan- 2-yl carbonochloridate (19.2 g, 80 mmol) at 0 °C, and then the mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 1hr.

The resulting white solid was filtered off h a plug of Celite®, which was rinsed with THF (20 mL). To the filtrate was added NaBH4 (3.2 g, 83 mmol) at 0 °C, followed by H20 (50 mL). The mixture was d at 0 °C for 0.5h, and then stirred at room temperature for 1.25h. The reaction was quenched by half satd. aq. KHSO4. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with CH2C|2. The combined organic layers were washed successively with H20 and brine, dried over Na2804, and then filtered through a plug of SiOz, which was rinsed with EtOAc.

The residue was concentrated and then triturated with heptane. The resulting solid was collected by filtration to give the title compound. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3CN) 6 8.11 (s, 1H), 7.47 (s, 1H), 4.68 (s, 2H), 2.53 (s, 3H).

Intermediate 1B; 2-((2-chloromethylnitrobenzyl)oxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran To a solution of (2-ch|oromethylnitrophenyl)methanol, Intermediate 1A, (23 g, 114 mmol) and 3,4-dihydro-2H—pyran (20.9 mL, 228 mmol) in CH2C|2 (500 mL) was added pyridinium p- toluenesulfonate (5.7 g, 22.8 mmol), and then the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 11h.

The reaction was quenched with 5% aq. NaHC03. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with . The combined organic layers were washed successively with H20 and brine, dried over NaZSO4, filtered and concentrated. The resulting e was ed by silica gel flash column chromatography (heptane/EtOAc = 96/4) to give the title compound. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3CN) 5 8.10 (s, 1H), 7.49 (s, 1H), 4.81 (d, J=13.64 Hz, 1H), 4.72 - 4.78 (m, 1H), 4.59 (d, J=13.64 Hz, 1H), 3.77 - 3.92 (m, 1H), 3.34 - 3.60 (m, 1H), 2.54 (s, 3H), 1.68 - 1.91 (m, 2H), 1.43 - 1.68 (m, 4H). _ 78 _ Intermediate 1C; 5-chloromethyl(((tetrahydro-2H-pyranyl)oxy)methyI)-1H-indole To a suspension of vinylmagnesium bromide (1M in THF, 200 mL, 200 mmol) was added dropwise chloromethylnitrobenzyl)oxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, Intermediate 1B, (14 g, 49.0 mmol) in THF (40 mL) below -20 °C. After completion of the addition, the flask was removed from the ice bath. The mixture was then stirred at room temperature. After 2h, the reaction mixture was cooled to below -20 °C. The reaction was quenched with MeOH while maintaining the temperature below 0 °C. The mixture was diluted with CH2C|2 and H20. The mixture was filtered through a plug of Celite®, which was rinsed with CH2C|2. The layers were separated and the organic phase was washed with H20 and brine, dried over NaZSO4, and then ed.

Concentration of the filtrate gave the title compound, which was used in the next reaction without any further purification. For the terization purpose, the product was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography ne/(30% EtOAc in CH2C|2)] = 69/31] to afford the title compound. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3CN) 6 9.43 (br. s., 1H), 7.29 - 7.36 (m, 1H), 6.99 (s, 1H), 6.58 - 6.70 (m, 1H), 5.05 (d, J=11.12 Hz, 1H), 4.84 (d, J=11.10 Hz, 1H), 4.67 - 4.77 (m, 1H), 3.89 - 4.03 (m, 1H), 3.46 - 3.60 (m, 1H), 2.47 (s, 3H), 1.59 - 1.75 (m, 2H), 1.43 - 1.59 (m, 4H).

Intermediate 1D; 5-chloromethyl(((tetrahydro-2H-pyranyl)oxy)methyI)tosyI-1H- indole To a solution of 5-chloromethyl(((tetrahydro-2H—pyranyl)oxy)methyl)—1H-indole, ediate1C, (8.95 g, 32 mmol) in CH2C|2 (150 mL), at 0 °C was added NaOH (2.56 g, 64.0 mmol), ed by triethylbenzylammonium chloride (0.729 g, 3.20 mmol) and TsCl (12.20 g, 64.0 mmol). The mixture was then stirred at room temperature. After 17h, additional NaOH (1.28 g, 32.0 mmol), and TsCl (6.10 g, 32.0 mmol) were added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1.5h. The reaction mixture was diluted with H20, and was vigorously stirred for 1h.

The e was diluted with CH2C|2 and the organic layer was successively washed with H20 and _ 7g _ brine, dried over NaZSO4, filtered, and then concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography [heptane/(30% EtOAc in CH2C|2) = 82/18 then 79/21] to give the title compound. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3CN) 6 7.84 (d, J=3.79 Hz, 1H), 7.67 (d, J=8.20 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (d, J=8.59 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (d, J=8.20 Hz, 1H), 7.33 (d, J=8.50 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (s, 1H), 6.97 (d, J=3.79 Hz, 1H), 4.97 (d, J=11.37 Hz, 1H), 4.76 (d, J=11.37 Hz, 1H), 4.61 - 4.70 (m, 1H), 3.79 - 3.91 (m, 1H), 3.40 - 3.52 (m, 1H), 2.53 (s, 3H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 1.58 - 1.75 (m, 2H), 1.38 - 1.58 (m, 4H).

Intermediate 1E; (5-chloromethyItosyI-1H-indoIyl)methanol A solution of 5-chloromethyl(((tetrahydro-2H-pyranyl)oxy)methy|)tosyl-1H-indole, lntermediate1D, (4.1 g, 9.5 mmol) and TsOH H20 (359 mg, 1.9 mmol) in EtOH (50 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 21h. The reaction mixture was concentrated. The e was diluted with CH2C|2. The organic phase was successively washed with 5% aq. NaHC03, H20 and brine, dried over , and then filtered. tration of the filtrate gave the title compound without the need for further purification. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3CN) 6 7.84 (d, J=3.79 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (d, J=8.34 Hz, 2H), 7.33 (d, J=8.34 Hz, 2H), 7.10 (s, 1H), 7.00 (d, J=3.79 Hz, 1H), 4.84 (d, J=5.81 Hz, 2H), 3.14 (t, J=5.81 Hz, 1H), 2.52 (s, 3H), 2.37 (s, 3H).

Intermediate 1-4; 5-chloromethyltosy|-1H-indolecarbaldehyde H 0 To a on of (5-chloromethyltosyl-1H-indoly|)methano|, Intermediate 1E, (3.3 g, 9.5 mmol) and N-ethyl-diisopropylamine (8.3 mL, 47.3 mmol) in CH2C|2 (20 mL)/DMSO (1 mL) was added SOgPy (4.5 g, 28.4 mmol) at 0 °C. The e was stirred at 0 °C for 2.5h, and then stirred at room temperature for 15h. The reaction was quenched by MeOH. The mixture was stirred for 1h. The mixture was partially trated. The mixture was diluted with H20, and then the resulting solid was collected by filtration. The resulting residue was triturated with MeOH to give the title compound. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3CN) 6 10.56 (s, 1H), 8.00 (d, J=3.80 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (d, J=3.80 Hz, 1H), 7.60 (d, J=8.60 Hz, 2H), 7.35 (d, J=8.60 Hz, 2H), 7.22 (s, 1H), 2.60 (s, 3H), 2.37 (s, 3H). _ 80 _ Intermediate 1-5: Intermediate 1A; 5,7-dimethyl-1H-indolecarbaldehyde H o To a solution of 5,7-dimethyltosyl-1H-indolecarbaldehyde, Intermediate 1-1, (2 g, 6.11 mmol) in THF (6 mL) was added TBAF in THF (12 mL, 12 mmol). The mixture was then stirred at 60 °C for 4h, and then cooled to room temperature. The mixture was then diluted with EtOAc. The organic phase was then washed successively with H20 (twice), and brine, dried over NaZSO4, ed, and concentrated to afford the title compound, which was used in the next reaction without the need for further purification. MS (ESI+) m/z 174.3 (M+H).

Intermediate 1-5; tert-butyl 4-formyl-5,7-dimethyl-1H-indolecarboxy|ate H o The title compound was sized from 5,7-dimethyI-1H-indoIecarbaldehyde, ediate 1A, analogously to the preparation of Intermediate 1E. MS (ESI+) m/z 274.4 (M+H).

Intermediate 1-6: Intermediate 1A; (5,7-dimethyItosyI-1H-indoIyl)methano| To a solution of 5,7-dimethyItosyI-1H-indoIecarbaldehyde, Intermediate 1-1, (3 g, 9.16 mmol) in THF (50 mL)/MeOH (50 mL) at room ature was added NaBH4 (1 g, 26.4 mmol). The mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 1.5h, and then quenched with half satd. aq. KHSO4. The mixture was then extracted with EtOAc/TFE (ca. 9/1). The c layer was then washed successively with H20, and brine, dried over NaZSO4, and then concentrated to furnish the title compound without the need for further purification. MS (ESl-) m/z 328.2 (M-H), (ESI+) m/z 312.3 (M-OH).

WO 09616 _ 81 _ Intermediate 1-6; 4-(chloromethyI)-5,7-dimethyltosyI-1H-indole To a solution of imethyltosyl-1H-indolyl)methanol, Intermediate 1A, (3 g, 9.11 mmol) in CH2C|2 (80 mL) at room temperature was added N-(chloromethylene)—N- methylmethanaminium chloride (CAS: 37244, 2 g, 15.62 mmol). The mixture was then stirred at room ature for 0.75h, and then was cooled to 0 °C. The reaction was then quenched with % aq. NaHCOs at 0 oC. The mixture was then extracted with EtOAc/CHZCIZ. The organic layer was washed successively with 0.2M aq. LiCI, and brine, dried over NaZSO4, and then concentrated.

The resulting residue was triturated with EtZO, and then the resulting solid was collected by filtration to afford the title compound. MS (ESI+) m/z 312.4 (M-Cl)+.

Intermediate 1-7: tert-Butyl 4-(chloromethyl)-5,7-dimethyl-1H-indolecarboxylate The title compound was synthesized from terf-butyl 4-formyl-5,7-dimethyl-1H-indole carboxylate, Intermediate 1-5, analogously to the preparation of Intermediate 1-6. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD2C|2) 5 7.50 (d, J=3.79 Hz, 1H), 6.87 (s, 1H), 6.56 (d, J=3.79 Hz, 1H), 4.80 (s, 2H), 2.49 (s, 3H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 1.54 (s, 9H).

Intermediate 1-8: utyl 4-(chloromethyl)cyc|opropylmethy|-1H-indolecarboxylate Boc The title compound was synthesized from terf-butyl 5-cyclopropylformylmethyl-1H- indoIecarboxylate, ediate 1-2, analogously to the preparation of Intermediate 1-6. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3CN) 6 7.63 (d, J=3.79 Hz, 1H), 6.81 (s, 1H), 6.72 (d, J=3.80 Hz, 1H), 5.13 (s, 2H), 2.53 (d, J=0.76 Hz, 3H), 2.11 - 2.16 (m, 1H), 1.60 (s, 9H), 0.93 - 1.03 (m, 2H), 0.67 - 0.74 (m, 2H). _ 82 _ Intermediate 1-9: -Ch|oro(chIoromethyI)methyltosyI-1H-indole The title compound was synthesized from (5-chloromethyltosyl-1H-indolyl)methanol, Intermediate 1E, analogously to the preparation of Intermediate 1-6. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3CN) 6 7.92 (d, J=3.79 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (d, J=8.60 Hz, 2H), 7.33 (d, J=8.60 Hz, 2H), 7.14 (s, 1H), 6.95 (d, J=3.79 Hz, 1H), 2.51 (s, 3H), 2.36 (s, 3H).

Intermediate 1-10 tert-Butyl roxymethyl)methoxymethyl-1H-indolecarboxylate Boc To a solution of tert—butyl 4-formylmethoxymethyl-1H-indolecarboxylate, lntermediate1-3, (1 g, 3.46 mmol) in MeOH (10 mL) at 0 °C was added NaBH4 (0.3 g, 7.93 mmol).

The mixture was then d at 0 °C for 5h. The reaction mixture was diluted with H20. The mixture was then extracted twice with EtZO. The organic layer was washed successively with H20, and brine, dried over NaZSO4, and then trated to afford the title compound, which was used in the next reaction without the needs of further cation. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDscN) 6 7.57 (d, J=3.79 Hz, 1H), 6.82 (s, 1H), 6.68 (d, J=3.79 Hz, 1H), 4.72 - 4.77 (m, 2H), 3.84 (s, 3H), 2.56 (s, 3H), 1.60 (s, 9H).

Intermediate 2-1: Intermediate 2A; (i)-tert-butyl 4-hydroxyphenylpiperidinecarboxy|ate (diastereomeric mixture) Boc\ diastereomeric_ . mixture To a solution of tert—butyl 4-oxophenylpiperidinecarboxylate (CAS: 8499289, 500 mg, 1.816 mmol) in THF (10 mL) at -78 °C was added L-Selectride® (2.2 mL, 2.2 mmol). The mixture was then stirred at -78 °C for ca. 1.75h. The reaction was then quenched with 7N NH3 in MeOH at -78 °C, and then d at -78 °C for 5min. To the mixture was then added satd. aq.

NH4CI, and then stirred at room temperature for 1.5h. The mixture was then extracted with EtOAc. _ 83 _ The organic layer was washed successively with H20, and brine, dried over NaZSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel flash column tography [heptane/(30% EtOAc in CHZCIZ) = 82/18] to afford the title compound as a diastereomeric mixture, which was used in the next reaction without the need for further purification. MS (ES|+) m/z 278.4 (M+H).

Intermediate 2-1; (i)phenylpiperidinol (diastereomeric mixture) diastereomeric. .

A mixture of (i)—ten‘-butyl oxyphenylpiperidinecarboxylate (diastereomeric mixture), Intermediate 2A, (200 mg, 0.721 mmol) in 4M HCI in dioxane (2 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 1h. The mixture was concentrated to afford a HCI salt of the title compound as a diastereomeric mixture, which was used in the next reaction without the need for further cation. MS (ESl-) m/z 211.1 (M-H).

Intermediate 2-2: Intermediate 2A; (i)-tert-butyl oxyphenylpiperidinecarboxylate (diastereomeric e) diastereomeric. . mixture To a solution of (i)—ten‘-butyl 4-hydroxyphenylpiperidine—1-carboxylate (diastereomeric mixture), Intermediate 2A, (220 mg, 0.793 mmol) and Mel (100 uL, 1.6 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) at 0 °C was added NaH (70 mg, 1.750 mmol). The mixture was then stirred at 0 °C for 3h, and then quenched with satd. aq. KHSO4. The e was then stirred at the same temperature for 5min.

The mixture was then extracted with EtZO. The organic layer was washed successively with H20, and brine, dried over NaZSO4, filtered, and concentrated to afford the title compound as a diastereomeric mixture, which was used in the next reaction without the need for further purification. MS (ES|+) m/z 292.4 (M+H).

Intermediate 2-2; (i)methoxyphenylpiperidine ereomeric mixture) diastereomeric mixture The title compound was synthesized from (i)—ten‘-butyl 4-methoxyphenylpiperidine carboxylate (diastereomeric e), Intermediate 2A, analogously to the preparation of Intermediate 2-1. MS (ES|+) m/z 192.3 (M+H).

Intermediate 2-3: Intermediate 2A; (i)-tert-butyl 4-(cyanomethylene)pheny|piperidinecarboxy|ate To a solution of diethyl cyanomethylphosphonate (1.2 g, 6.77 mmol) in THF (10 mL) at 0 °C was added NaH (60% in oil, 0.27 g, 6.75 mmol). The mixture was then stirred at 0 °C for ca. 1h.

The resulted suspension was diluted with THF (25 mL). To the suspension 0 °C was added a solution of tert—butyl 2-phenylpiperidinecarboxylate (CAS: 8499289, 1.2 g, 4.36 mmol) in THF (10 mL). The mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 2h. The on was then quenched with satd. aq. KHSO4. The mixture was then extracted with EtZO. The organic layer was washed successively with H20, and brine, dried over NaZSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The ing residue was purified by SiOZ flash column chromatography (heptane/EtOAc = 78/22) to afford the title compound as a mixture of isomers. MS (ES|+) m/z 299.7 (M+H).

Intermediate 2B; (i)-tert-butyl 4-(cyanomethyl)phenylpiperidinecarboxy|ate ereomer—1) and (i)-tert-butyl 4-(cyanomethyl)phenylpiperidinecarboxy|ate (diastereomer—2) o" a" diastereomer-1 diastereomer-2 A suspension of (i)—ten‘-butyl 4-(cyanomethylene)—2-phenylpiperidinecarboxylate, Intermediate 2A, (1 g, 3.35 mmol) and Pd/C (5%) (300 mg, 3.35 mmol) in MeOH (20 mL) was d at room temperature under H2 atmosphere for 15.5h. The H2 gas was replaced with N2. The catalyst was removed by filtration through a plug of Celite®, which was rinsed with MeOH. The filtrate was concentrated. The ing residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography (heptane/EtOAc = 80/20) to afford in respective elution order rt—buty| 4- (cyanomethyl)pheny|piperidinecarboxylate (diastereomer—1) and (i)—ten‘-butyl 4- (cyanomethyl)pheny|piperidinecarboxylate (diastereomer—2). (diastereomer—1); 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3CN) 6 7.34 - 7.39 (m, 2H), 7.19 - 7.28 (m, 3H), 5.48 (br. s., 1H), 4.08 (d, J=13.39 Hz, 1H), 2.74 (br. dd, J=12.10, 12.60 Hz, 1H), 2.40 - 2.48 (m, 1H), 2.36 (d, J=6.10 Hz, 2H), 1.56 - 1.82 (m, 3H), 1.43 (br. s., 9H), 1.18 - 1.26 (m, 1H). ereomer—2); 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3CN) 6 7.29 - 7.35 (m, 2H), 7.19 - 7.26 (m, 3H), 4.85 (dd, J=5.94, 9.73 Hz, 1H), 3.90 - 3.97 (m, 1H), 3.25 - 3.34 (m, 1H), 2.23 - 2.35 (m, 2H), 1.96 - 2.10 (m, 2H), 1.66 - 1.77 (m, 1H), 1.34 - 1.43 (m, 1H), 1.26 (s, 9H), 0.78 - 0.91 (m, 1H).

Intermediate 2-3; (2-phenylpiperidinyl)acetonitriIe ereomer—1) diastereomer-1 The title compound was prepared from (i)—ten‘-butyl 4-(cyanomethyl)—2-phenylpiperidine carboxylate (diastereomer—1), Intermediate 2B, analogously to the preparation of Intermediate 2-1. MS (ESI+) m/z 201.3 (M+H).

Intermediate 2-4: (i)-(2-(2-Pheny|piperidiny|)acetonitri|e (diastereomer—2) diastereomer-2 The title compound was synthesized from (i)—ten‘-butyl nomethyl)—2-phenylpiperidine- 1-carboxylate (diastereomer—2), Intermediate 2B, analogously to the preparation of Intermediate 2-1. MS (ESI+) m/z 201.2 (M+H).

Intermediate 2-5: Intermediate 2A; (i)-tert-butyl 4-((tert-butylsulfinyl)imino)phenylpiperidine carboxylate >LOJLNo 9 \NﬂsK A mixture of (i)—ten‘-buty| 4-oxophenylpiperidinecarboxylate (CAS: 8499289, 1 g, 3.63 mmol) and (i)—2-methylpropanesulfinamide (0.6 g, 4.95 mmol) in Zr(O-tBu)4 in toluene (15 mL, 7.50 mmol) was stirred at 100 °C for 1.75h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room ature, and diluted with CH2C|2. To the mixture was then added Celite®, followed by 5% aq.

NaHC03. The mixture was stirred for 0.25h, and then filtered through a plug of ®. The filtrate was then extracted with CH2C|2. The organic phase was then successively washed with 5% aq.

NaHC03, H20, and brine, dried over NaZSO4, filtered, and concentrated to afford the title compound, which was used in the next reaction without the needs of further purification. MS (ESI+) m/z 379.4 (M+H).

Intermediate 2B; (i)-tert-butyl 4-(1,1-dimethylethylsulfinamido)phenylpiperidine carboxylate A O OJLN 9 "MN/ H K diastereomeric mixture To a solution of (i)—ten‘-butyl 4-((tert-butylsulfinyl)imino)—2-phenylpiperidinecarboxylate, ediate 2A, (600 mg, 1.585 mmol) in MeOH (15 mL) at 0 °C was added NaBH4 (600 mg, .86 mmol). The mixture was then stirred at room temperature for ca. 1h, and then diluted with H20. The mixture was then extracted with EtOAc. The organic phase was successively washed with 5% aq. NaHCOs, H20, and brine, dried over , ed, and concentrated to afford the title compounds as a reomeric mixture, which was used in the next reaction without the need for further cation. MS (ESI+) m/z 381.4 (M+H).

Intermediate 2C; (i)-tert-butyl 4-aminophenylpiperidinecarboxy|ate diastereomeric. . mixtu re A solution of n‘-butyl 4-(1,1-dimethylethylsulfinamido)—2-phenylpiperidinecarboxylate, Intermediate 2B, (60 mg, 1.579 mmol) in 0.5M HCI in MeOH (20 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 0.5h, and then quenched with 5% aq. NaHCOs. The mixture was then extracted with CHZCIZ, and then was successively washed with 5% aq. Nchog, H20, and brine, dried over NaZSO4, filtered, and concentrated to afford the title compounds as a diastereomeric mixture, which was used in the next on without the need for further purification. MS (ESI+) m/z 277.4 (M+H).

Intermediate 2D; (i)-tert-butyl 4-(((benzy|oxy)carbonyl)amino)—2-phenylpiperidine carboxylate (diastereomer—1) and (i)-tert-butyl 4-(((benzy|oxy)carbonyl)amino) phenylpiperidinecarboxy|ate (diastereomer—2) RANO >LoJkNO N,CbZ N,Cbz H H diastereomer-1 diastereomer-2 To a suspension of (i)—ten‘-butyl 4-aminophenylpiperidinecarboxylate, Intermediate 2- -C, (434 mg, 1.57 mmol) in CHZCIZ (10 mL)/5% aq. NaHCOs (10 mL) was added Cbz-CI (500 uL, 3.50 mmol). The mixture was then stirred at room ature for 0.5h. The reaction was quenched with N,N-dimethylethylenediamine (0.25 mL). The mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 0.5h. The mixture was then extracted with EtOAc. The organic phase was then washed successively with H20, 1M HCIaq, H20, 5% aq. NaHC03, and brine, dried over NaZSO4, filtered, and trated. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography [heptane/(10% MeOH in EtOAc) = 74/26] to afford in respective elution order (i)- tert—butyl 4-(((benzyloxy)carbonyl)amino)phenylpiperidinecarboxylate (diastereomer—1) and (i)—ten‘-butyl enzyloxy)carbonyl)amino)phenylpiperidinecarboxylate (diastereomer—2). ereomer—1); 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3CN) 5 7.17 - 7.41 (m, 10H), 5.61 (br. d, J=6.10 Hz, 1H), 5.49 (br. s., 1H), 5.02 (s, 2H), 4.06 (br. d, J=13.40 Hz, 1H), 3.41 - 3.53 (m, 1H), 2.75 (br. dd, J=12.90, 13.10 Hz, 1H), 2.60 (br. d, J=13.10 Hz, 1H), 1.71 - 1.79 (m, 1H), 1.60 -1.71 (m, 1H), 1.43 (s, 9H), 1.28 - 1.40 (m, 1H). (diastereomer—2); 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3CN) 5 7.10 - 7.46 (m, 10H), 5.01 - 5.17 (m, 2H), 4.92 (s, 2H), 3.89 - 4.00 (m, 1H), 3.72 - 3.82 (m, 1H), 3.21 - 3.32 (m, 1H), 2.19 - 2.30 (m, 1H), 2.04 - 2.11 (m, 1H), 1.95 - 2.01 (m, 1H), 1.50 - 1.59 (m, 1H), 1.32 (s, 9H).

Intermediate 2-5; (i)-benzyl (2-phenylpiperidinyl)carbamate (diastereomer—1) diastereomer—1 The title compound was synthesized from (i)—tert—butyl 4-(((benzyloxy)carbonyl)amino) phenylpiperidinecarboxylate (diastereomer—1), Intermediate 2D, analogously to the preparation of Intermediate 2-1. MS (ES|+) m/z 311.4 (M+H).

Intermediate 2-6: (i)-Benzyl (2-phenylpiperidinyl)carbamate ereomer—2) ,Cbz diastereomer-Z The title nd was synthesized from (i)—tert—butyl 4-(((benzyloxy)carbonyl)amino) phenylpiperidinecarboxylate (diastereomer—2), Intermediate 2D, analogously to the preparation of Intermediate 2-1. MS (ES|+) m/z 311.4 (M+H).

WO 09616 _ 88 _ Intermediate 2-7: Intermediate 2A; (i)-tert-buty| 4-methylenephenylpiperidinecarboxy|ate >l\OJLO N To a solution of methyl triphenylphosphonium bromide (5 g, 14 mmol) in THF (30 mL) at -78 0C was added n-BuLi (2.5 M, 5.5 mL, 13.75 mmol). The mixture was then stirred at -78 °C for 5 min, and then stirred at 0 0C for 0.5h. To the mixture at -78 °C was then added a solution of (i)- terf—butyl 2-phenylpiperidinecarboxylate (2 g, 7.26 mmol) in THF (10 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15h, and then stirred at 40 °C for 3h. The reaction was ed with MeOH (10 mL), and then diluted with EtZO. The e was then ed through a plug of ®, which was rinsed with EtZO. The filtrate was concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography (heptane/EtOAc = 81/19) to afford the title compound. MS (ES|+) m/z 274.4 (M+H). ediate 2B; (i)-tert-butyl roxymethyI)phenylpiperidinecarboxylate (diastereomer—1) and (i)-tert-buty| 4-(hydroxymethy|)pheny|piperidinecarboxy|ate (diastereomer—2) >|\OJLNO XOJLNO OH OH diastereomer-1 diastereomer-2 A mixture of (i)—ten‘-butyl 4-methylenephenylpiperidinecarboxylate, Intermediate 2 A, (580 mg, 2.122 mmol) and 9—BBN in THF (12 mL, 6 mmol) was stirred at room temperature for 2.75h. The mixture was then cooled to 0 °C. To the mixture was then added H202 (1 mL, 32.6 mmol) dropwise. The mixture was then stirred at 0 °C for 0.5h. The mixture was then diluted with EtOAc. The mixture was then washed successively with H20, aq. Na28203, H20, and brine, dried over NaZSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography (heptane/EtOAc = 68/32) to afford, in respective elution order, (i)—ten‘-buty| 4-(hydroxymethyl)—2-phenylpiperidinecarboxylate (diastereomer—1) and (i)—tert—butyl 4- (hydroxymethyl)pheny|piperidinecarboxylate (diastereomer—2). (diastereomer—1); 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3CN) 6 7.32 - 7.38 (m, 2H), 7.18 - 7.26 (m, 3H), 5.44 (br. s., 1H), 4.24 - 4.37 (m, 1H), 4.05 (br. d, J=12.60 Hz, 1H), 3.27 - 3.34 (m, 1H), 2.67 - 2.80 (m, 1H), 2.38 (br. d, J=10.90 Hz, 1H), 1.47 - 1.85 (m, 18H),1.41 (br.s,12H),1.02 - 1.15 (m, 1H). (diastereomer—2); 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3CN) 6 7.26 - 7.35 (m, 2H), 7.14 - 7.26 (m, 3H), 4.78 (dd, J=6.06, 10.36 Hz, 1H), 3.88 - 3.98 (m, 1H), 3.28 - 3.37 (m, 1H), 3.18 - 3.27 (m, 2H), 2.58 (t, J=5.43 Hz,1H), 1.97 - 2.06 (m, 1H), 1.69 - 1.89 (m, 2H), 1.49 - 1.61 (m, 1H), 1.28 - 1.39 (m, 1H), 1.26 (s, 9H).

Intermediate 2-7; (i)-(2-phenylpiperidinyl)methanol (diastereomer—1) diastereomer-1 The title compound was synthesized from (i)—tert—butyl roxymethyl)—2- piperidinecarboxylate (diastereomer—1), Intermediate 2B, analogously to the preparation of Intermediate 2-1. MS (ES|+) m/z 192.3 (M+H).

Intermediate 2-8: (i)-(2-Phenylpiperidinyl)methano| (diastereomer—2) diastereomer-2 The title compound was synthesized from (i)—ten‘-butyl 4-(hydroxymethyl)—2- phenylpiperidinecarboxylate (diastereomer—2), Intermediate 2B, analogously to the preparation of Intermediate 2-1. MS (ES|+) m/z 192.3 (M+H).

Intermediate 2-9: Intermediate 2A; (i)-tert-butyl 2-(3-sulfamoylphenyl)piperidinecarboxy|ate and (i)-tert- butyl 2-(4-sulfamoylphenyl)piperidinecarboxy|ate ,8 N H N2 N A J< "2" A J< o o ’/S\ O O O o At 0 °C, chlorosulfonic acid (0.536 mL, 8.00 mmol) was added dropwise to (i) phenylpiperidine (0.322 g, 2 mmol). The reaction e was d at 60 °C for 0.5h. The on mixture was then cooled to 0 °C. To the mixture was then added dropwise 7N NH3 in MeOH (30 mL) at 0 °C. The mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 1 h, and then trated. The resulting residue was suspended in CH3CN (20 mL). To the mixture were added Boc20 (1.393 mL, 6.00 mmol) and DMAP (200 mg, 1.64 mmol). The e was stirred at 60 0C for 3 hr, and then concentrated. The resulting residue was then dissolved in H20, and extracted twice with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were dried over Na2804, filtered and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography _ go _ ne/EtOAc = 1/0 to 2/8) to afford the title compounds as a e of regioisomers, which was used in the next reaction without the need for further purification. MS (ESl-) m/z 339.4 (M-H).

Intermediate 2-9; (i)(piperidinyl)benzenesulfonamide and (i)(piperidin yl)benzenesu|fonamide HZN N H2N\ H o’ ‘b The title compounds (a mixture of regioisomer) were prepared from a mixture of (i)—tert— butyl 2—(3-sulfamoylphenyl)piperidinecarboxylate and (i)—tert—butyl 2-(3- sulfamoylphenyl)piperidinecarboxylate, Intermediate 2A, analogously to the preparation of Intermediate 2-1. MS (ESI+) m/z 241.3 (M+H).

Intermediate 2-10: (i)-N-methyI(piperidinyl)benzenesulfonamide and (i)-N-methyl(piperidin yl)benzenesu|fonamide 0. ,9 IZ N N H H / \ ’/ o "o The title nds (as a mixture of regioisomers) were synthesized analogously to the preparation of Intermediate 2-9 by using 33% MeNH2 in EtOH in the place of 7N ammonia in MeOH. MS (ESI+) m/z 255.3 (M+H).

Intermediate 2-11: Intermediate 2A; (i)-phenyl 2-(4-fluorophenyl)oxo-3,4-dihydropyridine-1(2H)- carboxylate OYN / Go To a on of4-methoxypyridine (1.1 g, 10 mmol) in THF (20 mL) at -40 °C was added 4- fluorophenylmagnesium e in THF (1M, 11 mL, 11 mmol), followed by phenyl chloroformate (1.566 g, 10.00 mmol) in THF (10 mL) dropwise. The mixture was then stirred at the same temperature for 0.25h, and then stirred at room temperature for_ca. 15h. The reaction was then quenched with 10% HCI (30 mL), and the whole mixture was stirred for 0.5h. The on is diluted with brine and EtOAc, and the organic layer was then separated. The aqueous layer was extracted three times with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washed with sat. aq.

NaHC03, and dried over NaZSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting residue was ed by silica gel flash column chromatography (heptane/EtOAc = 1/0 to 1/1) to afford the title compound.

MS (ES|+) m/z 277.4 (M+H).

Intermediate ; (i)-phenyl 2-(4-f|uorophenyl)oxopiperidinecarboxylate o N A solution of (i)—phenyl luorophenyl)—4-oxo-3,4-dihydropyridine-1(2H)-carboxylate, Intermediate 2A, (1.090 g, 3.5 mmol) in MeOH (150 mL) was hydrogenated over 10% Pd/C cartridge at 10 bar in an H-cube®. The reaction mixture was concentrated to afford the title compound, which was used in the next reaction without the need for r purification. MS (ES|+) m/z 314.3 (M+H).

Intermediate 2C; (i)-phenyl 2-(4-f|uorophenyl)—4-hydroxypiperidinecarboxylate O N go single diastereomer To a solution of (i)—phenyl 2—(4-fluorophenyl)—4-oxopiperidinecarboxy|ate, Intermediate 2B, (1.1 g, 3.51 mmol) in MeOH (20 mL) at room temperature, NaBH4 (0.266 g, 7.02 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at r.t. for 0.5h, and then quenched with sat. aq. NH4CI.

The mixture was partially concentrated. The resulting e was then diluted with brine, and then extracted with EtOAc. The aqueous layer was extracted twice with EtOAc. The ed organic layers were dried over NaZSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography (heptane/EtOAc = 1/0 to 4/6) to afford the title compound.

MS (ESI+) m/z 316.4 (M+H).

Intermediate 2D; (i)-phenyl |uorophenyl)—4-methoxypiperidinecarboxylate O N GO single diastereomer _ 92 _ To a solution of (i)—phenyl luorophenyl)hydroxypiperidinecarboxylate, Intermediate 2C, (1.37 g, 4.34 mmol) in DMF (20 mL), was added NaH (0.261 g, 6.52 mmol).

The reaction mixture was then stirred for 0.25h at room temperature. To the mixture was then added methyl iodide (0.407 mL, 6.52 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1.5h, and then quenched with satd. aq. NH4CI. The reaction e was extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was then concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel flash column tography (heptane/EtOAc = 1/0 to 6/4) to afford the title compound as a single diastereomer. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD2C|2) 6 7.30 - 7.37 (m, 4H), 7.16 - 7.21 (m, 1H), 7.00 - 7.08 (m, 4H), 5.33 - .38 (m, 1H), 4.10 - 4.18 (m, 1H), 3.60 - 3.66 (m, 1H), 3.44 (ddd, J=4.04, 12.22, 13.42 Hz, 1H), 3.11 (s, 3H), 2.39 - 2.46 (m, 1H), 2.12 - 2.20 (m, 1H), 1.81 - 1.98 (m, 2H); MS (ES|+) m/z 330.4 (M+H).

Intermediate 2-11; (i)(4-fluorophenyl)methoxypiperidine HN single diastereomer_ To a solution of phenyl 2-(4-fluorophenyl)methoxypiperidinecarboxylate, Intermediate 2D, (290 mg, 0.88 mmol) in iPrOH (4 mL), KOH (400 mg) was added. The reaction is heated to 100 0C for 2 hr, and then cooled to room temperature. The reaction mixture was diluted with H20.

The mixture was extracted four times with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were dried over NaZSO4, filtered, and concentrated to afford the title compound, which was used in the next reaction t the need for further purification. MS (ES|+) m/z 210.3 (M+H).

Intermediate 2-12: Intermediate ; (i)-benzyl 2-(4-cyanophenyI)oxo-3,4-dihydropyridine-1(2H)- carboxylate Cbz\ To a solution of 4-bromobenzonitrile (17 g, 93 mmol) in THF (50 mL) at room temperature was added isopropylmagnesium chloride m chloride complex solution (1.3M in THF, 70 mL, 91 mmol) dropwise over 0.25h. The mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 2h. The mixture was diluted with THF (300 mL), and then cooled to -5 °C. To the mixture was then added 4- ypyridine (8.37 mL, 82 mmol), followed by Cbz—Cl (12 mL, 84 mmol) while maintain the internal temperature below 0 °C. The mixture was then stirred at 0 °C for 1.5h, and then stirred at room temperature for 16h. The reaction was then ed with 5M aq. HCl. The mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 0.5h. The mixture was then diluted with EtOAc. The mixture was then washed with H20 twice, 5% aq. NaHCOs, and brine, dried over . The extract was then filtered through a plug of silica gel, which was rinsed with EtOAc. The filtrate was concentrated. The resulting residue was then triturated with EtZO (ca. 100 mL). The resulted solid was collected by filtration to give the title nd. MS (ESI+) m/z 333.3 (M+H).

Intermediate 2B; (i)-benzyl 2-(4-cyanophenyI)oxopiperidinecarboxylate A suspension of (i)—benzyl 2-(4-cyanophenyl)oxo-3,4-dihydropyridine-1(2H)—carboxylate, Intermediate , (13 g, 39.1 mmol) and zinc (5 g, 76 mmol) in AcOH (50 mL) was stirred at 100 °C for 1h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature. The e was filtered through a plug of Celite®, which was rinsed with EtZO. The filtrate was diluted with EtZO. The EtZO layer was then washed successively with H20, 5% aq. NaHCOs (twice), H20 ), and brine, dried over NaZSO4, filtered, and concentrated to furnish the title compound t the need for further purification. MS (ESI+) m/z 335.3 (M+H).

Intermediate 2C; (i)-benzyl 2-(4-cyanophenyl)hydroxypiperidinecarboxylate (diastereomeric mixture) Cbzt // diastereomeric N mixtu re To a solution of (i)—benzyl 2-(4-cyanophenyl)—4-oxopiperidinecarboxylate, Intermediate 2B, (8 g, 23.93 mmol) in THF (100 mL) at room ature was added LiBH4 in THF (20 mL, 40.0 mmol) dropwise. The mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 0.5h. The reaction was then quenched with half satd. aq. KHSO4. The mixture was then extracted with EtOAc. The organic phase was then washed with brine, dried over NaZSO4, filtered, and concentrated to afford the title compounds as a diastereomeric mixture, which was used in the next on without the need for further purification. MS (ESI+) m/z 337.3 (M+H). _ g4 _ Intermediate 2D; (i)-reI-(2S,4S)-benzyl 4-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)(4- cyanophenyl)piperidinecarboxylate and (i)-reI-(2S,4R)-benzyl 4-((tertbutyldiphenylsiIyl )oxy)(4-cyanophenyl)piperidinecarboxylate CbZ‘N CbZ‘N O/TBDPS O/TBDPS / / N / 8,48) N / rel-(28,4R) To a solution of (i)—benzyl 2-(4-cyanophenyl)—4-hydroxypiperidinecarboxylate ereomeric mixture), Intermediate 2C, (8.04 g, 23.9 mmol) in DMF (40 mL) at room temperature were added imidazole (5 g, 73.4 mmol) and TBDPS—CI (8.5 mL, 33.1 mmol). The mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 20.5h. The reaction was then quenched with MeOH. The e was then extracted with EtOAc. The organic phase was then washed successively with H20, 5% aq. NaHC03, and brine, dried over NaZSO4, filtered, and concentrated.

The resulting residue was ed by silica gel flash column chromatography (heptane/EtOAc = 86/14) to afford in the tive elution order (i)—rel—(2S,4S)—benzyl 4-((ten‘-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)— 2-(4-cyanophenyl)piperidinecarboxylate and (i)—re/—(2S,4R)—benzyl 4-((tert— butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)—2-(4-cyanophenyl)piperidinecarboxylate. (i)—rel—(2S,4S)—Benzyl 4-((ten‘-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)—2-(4-cyanophenyl)piperidinecarboxylate; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3CN) 6 7.62 - 7.67 (m, 2H), 7.57 - 7.62 (m, 2H), 7.27 - 7.53 (m, 13H), 6.79 - 6.83 (m, 2H), 5.43 (br. d, J=4.50 Hz, 1H), 5.06 - 5.15 (m, 2H), 4.04 - 4.12 (m, 1H), 3.54 - 3.63 (m, 1H), 2.60 (dt, J=3.03, 13.64 Hz, 1H), 2.23 - 2.30 (m, 1H), 1.79 - 1.89 (m, 2H), 1.59 (ddt, J=5.05, .48, 12.82 Hz, 1H), 1.01 (s, 9H). (i)—re/—(2S,4R)—Benzyl 4-((ten‘-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)—2-(4-cyanophenyl)piperidinecarboxylate; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3CN) 6 7.60 - 7.64 (m, 2H), 7.22 - 7.47 (m, 17H), 5.37 (br. d, J=6.60 Hz, 1H), .02 - 5.12 (m, 2H), 4.16 - 4.21 (m, 1H), 3.99 - 4.06 (m, 1H), 3.49 (dt, J=3.03, 13.14 Hz, 1H), 2.34 - 2.41 (m, 1H), 2.01 - 2.08 (m, 1H), 1.47 - 1.56 (m, 1H), 1.35 - 1.41 (m, 1H), 0.73 (s, 9H). ediate 2E; (i)-reI-(2S,4S)-benzyl 2-(4-cyanophenyl)hydroxypiperidine carboxylate Cbz rel-(28,48) To a solution of TBAF in THF (1 M, 20 mL, 20 mmol) was added (i)—rel—(2S,4S)—benzyl 4- ((terf—butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)—2-(4-cyanophenyl)piperidinecarboxylate, Intermediate 2D, (3.5 g, 6.09 mmol). The mixture was then d at room temperature for 1.5h, and then diluted with _ g5 _ EtZO. The mixture was then washed successively with H20, and brine, dried over NaZSO4, filtered, and concentrated to give the title compound. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD30N) 6 7.64 - 7.73 (m, 2H), 7.37 - 7.42 (m, 2H), 7.28 - 7.36 (m, 5H), 5.57 (br. d, J=5.00 Hz, 1H), 5.09 - 5.18 (m, 2H), 4.12 - 4.19 (m, 1H), 3.45 - 3.55 (m, 1H), 2.89 (d, J=4.52 Hz, 1H), 2.82 (dt, J=3.06, 13.51 Hz, 1H), 2.45 - 2.53 (m, 1H), 1.71 - 1.84 (m, 2H), 1.31 - 1.44 (m, 1H). ediate 2F; (i)-reI-(2S,4S)-benzyl yanophenyl)methoxypiperidine carboxylate Cbz’N rel-(28,48) The title compound was synthesized from (i)—rel—(2S,4S)—benzyl 2-(4-cyanophenyl)—4- hydroxypiperidinecarboxy|ate, Intermediate 2E, analogously to the preparation of Intermediate 2A. MS (ESI+) m/z 351.4 (M+H).

Intermediate 2G; (i)(reI-(2S,4S)((benzy|oxy)carbonyl)—4-methoxypiperidin yl)benzoic acid Cbz’N 8,48) A mixture of (i)—rel—(2S,4S)—benzyl 2-(4-cyanophenyl)methoxypiperidinecarboxylate, Intermediate 2F, (9 g, 14.38 mmol) and Ba(OH)2 e (16 g, 57.3 mmol) in iPrOH/HZO (15 mL/50 mL) was stirred at 80 °C for 15h, and then 100 °C for 8h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature. The precipitate was filtered off through a plug of Celite®. The filtrate was then acidified by 5M aq. HCI (by pH ca. 3). The mixture was then extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed successively with H20 twice, and brine, dried over NaZSO4, filtered, and concentrated to afford the title compound. MS (ESI+) m/z 370.3 (M+H). ediate 2H; (i)-reI-(2S,4S)-benzyl 4-methoxy(4- (methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)piperidinecarboxy|ate Cbz’N rel-(28,48) To a on of (i)—4-(re/—(2S,4S)—1-((benzy|oxy)carbony|)methoxypiperidiny|)benzoic acid, Intermediate 2G, (10 g, 15.16 mmol) in MeOH (15 mL) was added HCI in MeOH, which was prepared by addition of SOCIZ (6 mL, 82 mmol) in MeOH (15 mL). The mixture was then stirred at 40 °C for 1.75h. The reaction mixture was then diluted with CHZCIZ. The organic phase was then washed successively with 5% aq. NaHCOs (twice), H20, and brine, dried over , filtered, and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography (heptane/EtOAc = 68/32) to afford the title nd. MS (ES|+) m/z 384.3 (M+H).

Intermediate 2-12; (i)-methyl 4-(reI-(ZS,4S)methoxypiperidinyl)benzoate HN rel-(28,48) A mixture of rel-(2S,4S)—benzyl methoxy(4-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)piperidine carboxylate, Intermediate 2H, (6 g, 15.65 mmol) and Pd/C (5%) (19, 15.65 mmol) in MeOH (30 mL) was d at room temperature under H2 atmosphere for 2h. The H2 gas was replaced with N2. The catalyst was then removed by filtration through a plug of Celite®, which was rinsed with MeOH. The filtrate was then concentrated to afford the title compound. MS (ES|+) m/z 250.3 (M+H). ediate 2-12b; (+)-methy| 4-(((2$,4S)methoxypiperidinyl))benzoate and (-)-methyl 4- (((2R,4R)methoxypiperidinyl))benzoate \o \o HN (28,48) HN (2R,4R) Resolution of the enantiomers of (i)—methyl 4-(rel-(2S,4S)—(4-methoxypiperidin yl))benzoate, ediate 2-12, was achieved by chiral SFC using a CHIRALPAK® AS—H column with 5% (MeOH with 5mM NH4OH) in 002 to give (+)—methyl 4-((2S,4S)—4-methoxypiperidin yl)benzoate (peak 1, tr = 2.8 min) and (-)-methyl 4-((2R,4R)—4-methoxypiperidinyl)benzoate (peak 2, tr = 4.1 min). Absolute stereochemistry of (+)—methyl 4-((2S,4S)—4-methoxypiperidin zoate was confirmed by X—ray single crystal diffraction.

Intermediate 2-13: Intermediate 2A; $,4S)-benzyl 2-(4-cyanophenyl)hydroxypiperidinecarboxylate N\\\©,,,, N\\ OH "\OH Cbz (28, 4S) Cbz (2R, 4R) _ g7 _ Resolution of the enantiomers of (i)—rel—(2S,4S)—benzyl 2-(4-cyanophenyl)—4- hydroxypiperidinecarboxy|ate, Intermediate 2E, was achieved by chiral SFC using a CHIRALPAK® AD-H column with 25% (MeOH with 5mM NH4OH) in 002 to give (+)—(2R,4R)—benzyl yanophenyl)—4-hydroxypiperidinecarboxylate (peak-1, tr = 2.8 min) and (-)-(2S,4S)—benzyl 2-(4-cyanophenyl)—4-hydroxypiperidinecarboxylate (peak-2, tr = 4.5 min).

Intermediate 2B; (28,4S)-benzy| 2-(4-cyanophenyl)ethoxypiperidinecarboxy|ate NQ\© CbZ’UQS,0\/48) To a solution of (-)—(2S,4S)—benzyl yanophenyl)—4-hydroxypiperidinecarboxylate, Intermediate 2A, (2 g, 5.95 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) at 0 °C was added Etl (1 mL, 12.37 mmol), followed by NaH (60% in oil, 400 mg, 10 mmol). The mixture was then stirred at 15 °C for 1.5h.

The reaction was quenched with MeOH. The mixture was then stirred for 0.25h. The mixture was then diluted with half satd. aq. KHSO4, and then extracted with EtOAc. The organic phase was then washed successively with H20, 0.5M aq. LiCI, and brine, dried over NaZSO4, filtered, and concentrated to furnish the title compound without further cation. MS (ESI+) m/z 365.3 (M+H).

Intermediate 2C; 4-((2$,4S)((benzyloxy)carbonyI)ethoxypiperidinyl)benzoic acid I," 0V CbZ ) A suspension of (2S,4S)—benzyl 2-(4-cyanophenyl)—4-ethoxypiperidinecarboxylate, ediate 2B, (2.17 g, 5.95 mmol) and Ba(OH)2 hexahydrate (6 g, 21.5 mmol) in iPrOH/HZO (15 mL/40 mL) was stirred at 100 °C for 20h, and then cooled to room temperature.

The reaction mixture was then acidified with half satd. aq. KHSO4. The e was then ted with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed successively with H20 twice, and brine, dried over NaZSO4, filtered, and concentrated to furnish the title compound without further purification. MS (ES|+) m/z 384.3 (M+H). ediate 2D; (28,4S)-benzyl 4-ethoxy(4-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)piperidine carboxylate _ 98 _ To a on of 4-((28,4S)—1-((benzyloxy)carbonyl)ethoxypiperidinyl)benzoic acid, Intermediate 2C (1.0 g, 2.68 mmol) in e (10 mL)/MeOH (3 mL) was added TMSCHN2 in EtZO (3 mL, 6 mmol) dropwise. The e was then stirred at room temperature for 0.5h. The reaction was then quenched with AcOH. The mixture was then diluted with EtOAc. The organic phase was then washed successively with 5% aq. NaHCOs twice, H20, brine, dried over NaZSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography (heptane/EtOAc = 66/34) to afford the title compound. MS (ES|+) m/z 398.3 (M+H).

Intermediate 2-13a; methyl 4-((2$,4S)ethoxypiperidinyl)benzoate: "U0v (23,43) A mixture of (28,4S)-benzyl 4-ethoxy-2—(4-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)piperidine carboxylate, Intermediate , (1.8 g, 4.53 mmol) and Pd/C (5%) (200 mg, 4.53 mmol) in MeOH (20 mL) was stirred at room temperature under H2 atmosphere for 5h. The H2 gas was replaced to N2. The catalyst was then removed by filtration through a plug of Celite®, which was rinsed with MeOH. The filtrate was then concentrated to h the title compound without further purification. MS (ESI+) m/z 264.3 (M+H).

Intermediate 2-13b; (i)-methyl 4-(reI-(ZS,4S)ethoxypiperidinyl)benzoate rel-(28,48) The title compound was synthesized from (i)—rel—(28,4S)—benzyl 2—(4-cyanophenyl)—4- hydroxypiperidinecarboxy|ate, Intermediate 2E, by following methods sequence described in the sis of ediate 2B, Intermediate 2C,and then Intermediate 2D.

Analytical data; same as Intermediate 2-13.

Intermediate 2-14: Intermediate 2A; (i)-benzyl 2-(4-cyanophenyl)hydroxymethylpiperidine carboxylate (diastereomeric mixture) _ gg _ To a e of CeCI3 (516 mg, 2.093 mmol) and THF (10 mL) at 0°C was added MeMgBr (3 M in EtZO) (0.698 ml, 2.093 mmol). The mixture was then stirred at the same temperature for 3h.

To the mixture at 0°C was then added a solution of (i)—benzyl 2-(4-cyanophenyl)oxopiperidine carboxylate, Intermediate 2B, (500 mg, 1.495 mmol) in THF (6 mL). The mixture was then stirred at room temperature for ca. 16h, and then quenched with satd. aq. NH4C| with 10% citric acid. The mixture was then extracted two times with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were then washed with brine, dried over Na204, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography (heptane/EtOAc = 1/0 to 0/1) to afford the title compound as a single diasteremer, which was used in the next on t the need for further purification. MS (ES|+) m/z 351.0 (M+H).

Intermediate 2B; (i)-benzyl 2-(4-cyanophenyl)methoxymethylpiperidine carboxylate (single diastereomer) ,N single Cbz diastereomer The title nd was synthesized from (i)—benzyl 2-(4-cyanophenyl)hydroxy methylpiperidinecarboxylate (single diastereomer), Intermediate 2A, (70mg, 0.200 mmol) analogously to the preparation of Intermediate 2A. The product was characterized as follow; 1H NMR (400MHz, CD3CN) 6 7.65 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.39 - 7.35 (m, 3H), 7.35 - 7.24 (m, 4H), 5.38 (d, J=6.2 Hz, 1H), 5.14 - 5.08 (m, 2H), 4.10 (app. ddd, J=2.5, 5.0, 13.4 Hz, 1H), 3.33 (app. dt, J=3.1, 13.2 Hz, 1H), 2.64 (s, 3H), 2.41 (app. td, J=2.3, 14.6 Hz, 1H), 1.54 (app. dt, J=5.0, 13.4 Hz, 1H), 1.32 - 1.30 (m, 1H), 1.13 (s, 3H), 0.93 - 0.89 (m, 1H).

Intermediate 2-14; (i)(4-methoxymethylpiperidinyl)benzonitriIe (single diastereomer) HN single diastereomer.

The title compound was synthesized from nzyl 2-(4-cyanophenyl)methoxy methylpiperidinecarboxy|ate (single diastereomer), Intermediate , analogously to the ation of Intermediate 2-12. MS (ES|+) m/z 231.0 (M+H).

Following intermediates were prepared from appropriate starting als by similar methods described above. e chemical name MS (ESI+) structure diate starting material (m/z) (i)—4-(rel—(2 4-hyd roxypiperidin-2— yl) benzonitrile 203.3 (M+H) rel-(28, 4S) Intermediate 2E (i)—4-(rel—(2 S,4R)—4-hyd roxypiperidin-2— yl) benzonitrile (i)—re/—(28,4S)—isomer in rel-(2S, 4R) Intermediate 2D (i)—4-(rel—(2S,4S)—4-methoxypiperidin yl) benzonitrile rel-(28,48) Intermediate 2F (i)—4-(rel—(2S,4R)—4-methoxypiperidin-Z- yl) benzonitrile (i)—re/—(28,4S)—isomer in rel-(28,4R) Intermediate 2D (i)—4-(rel—(2 4-eth oxypiperidin-Z- yl) benzonitrile rel-(28, 4S) Intermediate 2E methyl 4-((28,4S)—4-propoxypiperidin-2— zoate (28,4S)-isomer in Intermediate 2A methyl 4-((28,4S)—4-hydroxypiperidin yl) benzoate (28,4S)-isomer in Intermediate 2A 2014/046515 Intermediate 2-16: Intermediate ; methyl 4-(4-methylpyridinyl)benzoate To a suspension of 2-chloromethylpyridine (5 g, 39.2 mmol) and (4- xycarbonyl)phenyl)boronic acid (8 g, 44.5 mmol) in toluene (50 mL) was added 2M aq.

Na2C03 (30 mL) ed by PdC|2(dppf).CH2C|2 adduct (4 g, 4.90 mmol). The whole mixture was then stirred at 100 °C for 17h, and then cooled to room temperature. The reaction mixture was then diluted with EtZO, and then ted. The organic layer was dried over NaZSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography (heptane/EtOAc = 76/24) to afford the title compound. MS (ESI+) m/z 228.1 (M+H).

Intermediate 2-16; (i)-methyl 4-(reI-(2S,4R)methylpiperidinyl)benzoate rel-(28, 4R) A mixture of methyl 4—(4umethylpyriclin~2~yl)benzoate. ediate 2A, (3 g, 13.20 mmol) and Pt02 (500 mg, 13.20 mmol) in MeOH (50 mL)/1M HCI in MeOH (2 mL) was stirred at room temperature under H2 atmosphere (50 psi) for 20 h. The H2 gas was replaced with N2. The catalyst was filtered through a plug of Celite®, which was rinsed with MeOH and concentrated. The resulting residue was then dissolved in CH2C|2, and then washed with 5% aq. NaHCOs and brine, dried over Na2804, filtered, and then concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography (0.5% Et3N in CH2C|2/MeOH = 1/0 to 95/5) to afford the title compound isolated as a single diastereomer. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDgOD) 6 7.98 (d, J=8.30 Hz, 2H), 7.47 (d, J=8.30 Hz, 2H), 3.89 (s, 3H), 3.69-3.75 (m, 1H), 3.14 - 3.21 (m, 1H), 2.74 - 2.83 (m, 1H), 1.80 - 1.87 (m, 1H), 1.64 - 1.76 (m, 2H), 1.12 - 1.27 (m, 2H), 0.98 (d, J=6.36 Hz, 3H), MS (ESI+) m/z 234.3 (M+H).

Intermediate 2-17: Intermediate 2A; methyl 2-methoxy(pyridinyl)benzoate O O A mixture of methyl 4-bromomethoxybenzoate (1 g, 4.07 mmol), 2- tylstanny|)pyridine (1.84 g, 5.01 mmol), Cul (155 mg, 0.81 mmol), and Pd(PPh3)4 (235 mg, 0.203 mmol) in DMF (8 mL) was stirred at 80 °C for 2h, and then concentrated. The resulting e was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography (heptane/EtOAc = 8/2) to afford the title compound. MS (APC|+) m/z 244.1 (M+H).

Intermediate 2-17; (i)-methyl 2-methoxy(piperidinyl)benzoate HN The title compound was synthesized form methyl 2-methoxy(pyridiny|)benzoate, Intermediate 2A, ously to the preparation of Intermediate 2-16. (APC|+) 250.2 (M+H).

Following intermediates were prepared from appropriate starting materials by similar methods described above. chemical name IntermedIate_ structure + starting als (i)—methy| 3-methyI(piperidinyl) te (APCH) 234.0 methyl omethylbenzoate (M+H) and 2-(tributylstanny|)pyridine (i)—methy| 4-(5-methylpiperidinyl) benzoate (single diastereomer) (APCH) —234.0 (4-(methoxycarbonyl)pheny|)boronic acid (M+H) and 2-bromo—5-methylpyridine (i)—methy| 4-(re/-(2S,4R)—4- ethylpiperidiny|)benzoate 2-bromo—4-ethylpyridine and HN (4-(methoxycarbonyl)pheny|)boronic acid rel-(28.4R) (i)—methyl piperidinyl)phenyl) acetate (APC|+) 234.1 2-bromopyridine and methyl 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2- (M+H) dioxaborolanyl)phenyl)acetate (i)—methyl 2-(3-(piperidinyl)phenyl) o acetate (APC|+) w \0 234'0 2-bromopyridine and methyl 2-(3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2- (M+H) dioxaborolanyl)phenyl)acetate (i)—methyl 4-(piperidinyl)—1- na hthoate \O 9—(APC|+) 26 O 2-bromopyridine and 270-1 0 methyl 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2- (M+H) orolanyl)—1-naphthoate Intermediate 2-19: ediate 2A; tert-butyl (5-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)oxopentyl)carbamate s o o / W11K To a solution of tert—butyl 2-oxopiperidinecarboxylate (CAS: 85908~96—9, 4.98 g, 25 mmol) in THF (75 mL) at -78 °C under nitrogen, was added 0.5N (4-(methylthio)phenyl)magnesium bromide in THF (50 mL, 25 mmol) slowly over 10 min. The mixture was stirred at -78 °C for 0.5h, and then the reaction was quenched with MeOH and half satd. aq. KHSO4. The mixture was then extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was concentrated. The ing residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography (heptane/EtOAc = 1/0 to 6/4) to afford the title compound.

MS (ESl-) m/z 322.3 (M-H).

Intermediate 2B; 5-amino(4-(methy|thio)phenyl)pentanone The title compound was prepared from tert—butyl (methylthio)pheny|) oxopentyl)carbamate, Intermediate 2A, analogously to the preparation of Intermediate 2-1.

MS (ES|+) m/z 224.2 (M+H).

Intermediate 2C; (4-(methylthio)phenyl)piperidine To the suspension of 5-amino(4-(methylthio)phenyl)pentanone, Intermediate 2B, (3.9 g, 15 mmol) in toluene (50 mL), Ti(O-iPr)4 (12.79 mL, 45.0 mmol) was added slowly. The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 15 min, then heated at 85 0C for 2.5 hr, and then cooled to 0 °C. To the mixture was then added a suspension of NaBH4 (2.27 g, 60 mmol) in MeOH (50 mL) dropwise.

After completion of the addition, to the mixture was successively added H20, CH2C|2, and Celite®.

The mixture was then filtered through a plug of Celite®, which was rinsed with CH2C|2. The organic layer was then separated. The aqueous layer was then extracted twice with CH2C|2. The combined organic layers were dried over NaZSO4, filtered, and concentration to furnish the title compound without the need for further purification. MS (ES|+) m/z 208.3 (M+H).

Intermediate 2D; (i)-tert-butyl 2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)piperidinecarboxylate 01,; To a on of (i)—2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)piperidine, Intermediate 2C, (3 g, 14.47 mmol) in acetonitrile (30 mL), Boc20 (4.03 mL, 17.36 mmol) and DMAP (0.088 g, 0.723 mmol) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred at 45 0C for 0.5h, and then concentrated. The resulting residue was ed by silica gel flash column chromatography (heptane/EtOAc = 1/0 to 4/6) to afford the title compound. MS (ESI+) m/z 308.4 (M+H).

Intermediate 2E; (i)-tert-butyl methylsuIfonyl)phenyl)piperidinecarboxylate \\ I/ O N To a solution of (i)—ten‘-butyl 2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)piperidinecarboxylate, ediate 2D, (307 mg, 1 mmol) in EtOH (5 mL) at 0 0C was added a e of ammonium ate ydrate (371 mg, 0.300 mmol) and 50% H202 in H20 (1.4 mL) slowly. The mixture was then stirred at room temperature during over ca. 72h. The reaction mixture was then diluted with H20 and CH2C|2, and then quenched with Na28203. The mixture was partitioned. The aqueous layer was extracted with CHZCIZ. The combined organic layers were dried over NaZSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting e was ed by silica gel flash column chromatography (heptane/EtOAc = 1/0 to 0/1) to afford the title compound. MS (ESI+) m/z 340.4 (M+H). ediate 2-19; (i)(4-(methylsuIfonyl)phenyl)piperidine \\ I/ The title compound was prepared from (i)—ten‘-butyl 2-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)piperidine- 1-carboxylate, Intermediate 2E, analogously to the ation of Intermediate 2-1. MS (ESI+) m/z 240.3 (M+H). ediate 2-20: Intermediate 2A; (i)((tert-butyldiphenylsiIyl)oxy)piperidinone In TBDPS o 0’ To a solution of hydroxypiperidinone (7.5 g, 65.1 mmol) in DMF (60 mL) at room temperature were added imidazole (6 g, 88 mmol) and TBDPS—Cl (22 mL, 86 mmol). The mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 1.25h. The mixture was then diluted with H20. The mixture was then extracted with EtOAc. The organic phase was then washed successively with H20, and brine, dried over NaZSO4, filtered, and concentrated to give the title compound, which was used in the next reaction without the need for further purification. MS (ES|+) m/z 354.3 (M+H). ediate 2B; (i)-tert-butyl 4-((tert-butyldiphenylsi|y|)oxy)oxopiperidine carboxylate O,TBDPS To a solution of (i)—4-((ten‘-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)piperidinone, Intermediate 2A, (23 g, 65 mmol) in CHZCIZ (30 mL) at room temperature were added Boc20 (21.28 mL, 92 mmol) and Et3N (13 mL, 94 mmol), followed by DMAP (0.2 g, 1.637 mmol). The mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 7h. The reaction was then quenched with H20. The mixture was then extracted with CHZCIZ. The organic phase was then washed successively with H20, and brine, dried over NaZSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (heptane/EtOAc = 77/23) to afford the title compound. MS (ESI+) m/z 454.4 (M+H).

Intermediate 2C; (i)-tert-butyl (3-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)(6-chloropyridinyl) oxopentyl)carbamate To a solution of 2—chloro—5-iodopyridine (14 g, 58.5 mmol) in THF (50 mL) at 0 °C was added pylmagnesium chloride lithium chloride complex in THF (1.3 M, 45 mL, 58.5 mmol).

The e was then stirred at 0 °C for 1h. To a on of (i)—ten‘-butyl 4-((ten‘- butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)—2—oxopiperidinecarboxylate, Intermediate 2B, (20 g, 44.1 mmol) in THF (100 mL) at -78 °C was added the mixture above over 15 min. The mixture was then stirred at -78 °C for 10min. The mixture was then warmed to 0 °C, and then stirred for 1h. The reaction was quenched with MeOH, followed by half satd. aq. KHSO4. The mixture was warmed to room temperature. The mixture was then extracted with EtOAc. The c layer was then washed successively with 5% aq. NaHCOs and brine, dried over NaZSO4, filtered, and concentrated to give the title compound, which was used in the next reaction without the need for further purification.

MS (ESI+) m/z 567.2, 569.19 (M+H).

Intermediate 2D; (i)(rel-(2$,4R)((tert-butyldiphenylsiIyl)oxy)piperidinyI) chloropyridine l TBDPS N\ O "N rel-(28,4R) To a solution of (i)—ten‘-butyl (3-((ten‘-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)—5-(6-chloropyridinyl)—5- oxopentyl)carbamate, Intermediate 2C, (25 g, 44.1 mmol) in CHZCIZ (200 mL) at 0 °C was added 2,6-lutidine (10 mL, 86 mmol), followed by TMSOTf (15 mL, 83 mmol). The mixture was then stirred at 0 °C for 2h. To the mixture was added an additional amount of 2,6-lutidine (6 mL, 51.5 mmol), followed by TMSOTf (6 mL, 33.2 mmol). The mixture was then stirred at 0 °C for 1h.

The reaction at 0 °C was then quenched with MeOH (50 mL). The mixture was then d at the same temperature for 0.25h. To the e was then added NaBH4 (3g, 79 mmol). The mixture was then stirred at 0 °C for 1h. The reaction was then diluted with H20. The e was then extracted with CHZCIZ. The aqueous layer was extracted with CHZCIZ. The combined organic layers were then dried over NaZSO4, filtered, and concentrated to give the title nd as a single diastereomer, which was used in the next reaction without the need for further purification.

MS (ESI+) m/z 451.1, 453.1 (M+H).

Intermediate 2E; (i)-reI-(2S,4R)-benzyl rt-butyldiphenylsiIyl)oxy)(6-chloropyridin- 3-y|)piperidinecarboxy|ate | TBDPS N \ O Cbz rel-(28,4R) To a solution of (i)—5-(re/—(2S,4R)—4-((terf—butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)piperidinyl)—2- pyridine, ediate , (19.85 g, 44 mmol) in CH2C|2 (100 mL) at 0 °C was added Et3N (10 mL, 72.1 mmol), followed by Cbz—Cl (10 mL, 70.0 mmol) over 0.25h. The mixture was then stirred at 0 °C for 2h. The reaction was then quenched with 1M NH4OH. The mixture was then d at room temperature for 0.5h and diluted with CH2C|2. The organic phase was then washed successively with H20, and brine, dried over NaZSO4, filtered, and concentrated to give the title compound, which was used in the next reaction without the need for further purification. MS (ES|+) m/z 595.3, 587.2 (M+H).

Intermediate 2F; (i)-reI-(2S,4R)-benzyl 2-(6-chloropyridinyI)hydroxypiperidine carboxylate Cl N / OH CbZ rel-(28,4R) To a solution of (i)—rel—(2S,4R)—benzyl 4-((ten‘-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)—2-(6-chloropyridin y|)piperidinecarboxylate, Intermediate , (25.7 g, 44 mmol) in MeOH (100 mL) was added a solution of HCI in MeOH, which was prepared by SOCIZ (6.5 mL, 89 mmol) and MeOH (100 mL).

The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16h, and then 2h at 40 °C. The mixture was diluted with CH2C|2. The mixture was then washed successively with 5% aq. NaHC03, and brine, dried over Na2804, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography (CH2C|2/EtOAc = 61/39 to 25/75) to afford the title compound. MS (ES|+) m/z 347.2, 349.0 (M+H).

Intermediate 2G; (i)-reI-(2S,4S)-benzyl 4-(benzoyloxy)(6-chloropyridinyl)piperidine- 1-carboxylate / 0\ Cbz’N rel-(28,48) To a solution of /—(2S,4R)—benzyl 2-(6-chloropyridinyl)hydroxypiperidine carboxylate, Intermediate 2F, (7 g, 20.18 mmol), benzoic acid (4.2 g, 34.4 mmol), and PPh3 (8 g, 30.5 mmol) in THF (200 mL) at 0 °C was added DEAD (4.2 mL, 26.5 mmol) over 0.25h. The mixture was then d at 0 °C for 1h. The reaction was quenched with MeOH. The mixture was then absorbed on silica gel, which was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography [heptane/(30% EtOAc in CH2C|2) = 1/0 to 3/7] to afford the title compound. MS (ESI+) m/z 451.1, 453.0 (M+H). ediate 2H; (i)-reI-(2S,4S)-benzyl 2-(6-chIoropyridinyI)hydroxypiperidine carboxylate CI N / OH Cbz rel-(28,48) A suspension of (i)—rel—(2S,4S)—benzyl 4-(benzoyloxy)—2-(6-chloropyridinyl)piperidine—1- carboxylate, Intermediate 2G, (9.02 g, 20 mmol) and K2C03 (5 g, 36.2 mmol) in MeOH (100 mL) was stirred at 60 °C for 1.5h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature. The mixture was diluted with . The organic phase was then washed successively with H20 and brine, dried over NaZSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography (CH2CIZ/MeOH = 93/7) to afford the title compound. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3CN) 6 8.23 - 8.26 (m, 1H), 7.59 (ddd, , 2.66, 8.41 Hz, 1H), 7.26 - 7.39 (m, 6H), 5.57 (br. d, J=4.90 Hz, 1H), 5.09 - 5.18 (m, 2H), 4.10 - 4.17 (m, 1H), 3.54 - 3.65 (m, 1H), 2.91 (d, J=4.65 Hz, 1H), 2.75 - 2.85 (m, 1H), 2.43 - 2.50 (m, 1H), 1.69 - 1.85 (m, 2H), 1.31 - 1.43 (m, 1H).

Intermediate ; (i)-reI-(2S,4S)-benzyl 2-(6-chloropyridinyI)ethoxypiperidine carboxylate CI N / O\/ CbZ rel-(2S, 48) The title compound was synthesized from (i)—rel—(2S,4S)—benzyl 2-(6-chloropyridinyl)—4- hydroxypiperidinecarboxylate, Intermediate 2H, by using Etl in the place of Mel analogously to the preparation of Intermediate 2A. MS (ESI+) m/z 375.1, 377.4 (M+H).

Intermediate 2J; (i)-methyl 5-(reI-(2S,4S)((benzyloxy)carbonyI)ethoxypiperidin o|inate rel-(28,48) A solution of (i)—rel—(2S,4S)—benzyl 2-(6-chloropyridinyl)—4-ethoxypiperidine carboxylate, Intermediate 2l, (1.8 g, 4.80 mmol) and Et3N (1.2 mL, 8.66 mmol) in MeOH (4 mL) was sparged with CO gas for 5min in a vial. (rac)—B|NAP (400 mg, 0.642 mmol) and PdC|2 (100 mg, 0.564 mmol) was added to the mixture, and the vial was capped under CO atmosphere. The mixture was then stirred at 100 °C under the microwave irradiation for 1 hr. To the mixture was added additional amount of (rac)—B|NAP (400 mg, 0.642 mmol), followed by PdC|2 (100 mg, 0.564 mmol). The vial was filled with CO gas. The mixture was then stirred at 120 °C under the microwave irradiation for 1 hr. The reaction mixture was then diluted with H20. The mixture was then extracted with EtOAc. The c phase was then washed with H20 and brine, dried over NaZSO4, ed, and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel f|ash column chromatography (heptane/EtOAc = 55/45) to afford the title compound. MS (ESI+) m/z 399.2 (M+H).

Intermediate 2-20; (i)-methyl 5-(reI-(2S,4S)ethoxypiperidinyl)picolinate HN rel-(28,48) The title compound was synthesized from thyl 5-(rel-(28,4S)—1-((benzyloxy)carbonyl)- 4-ethoxypiperidiny|)pico|inate, Intermediate 2J, analogously to the preparation of Intermediate 2-12. MS (ESI+) m/z 265.1 (M+H).

Intermediate 2-21: Intermediate ; (i)-tert-buty| 5-((tert-buty|diphenylsi|y|)oxy)oxopiperidine carboxylate The title nd was synthesized from (i)—5-hydroxypiperidinone (CAS: 193652) by ing procedures described in the synthesis of Intermediate 2A and then Intermediate 2B. MS (ESI+) m/z 454.3 (M+H).

Intermediate 2B; (i)-tert-buty| (2-((tert-buty|diphenylsilyl)oxy)(4-cyanopheny|) oxopentyl)carbamate To a solution of iPngCl-LiCl x solution in THF (15 mL, 19.50 mmol) in THF (15 mL) at -78 °C was added a solution of 4-bromobenzonitrile (4 g, 21.98 mmol) in THF (10 mL). The mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 1.5h. To a solution of (i)—ten‘-butyl 5-((tert— butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)—2-oxopiperidinecarboxylate, Intermediate 2A, (6 g, 13.23 mmol) in THF (25 mL) at -78 °C was added the reaction mixture above over 15 min. The mixture was then stirred at -78 °C for 10 min, and then at 0 °C for 0.5h. The reaction was then quenched with MeOH, followed by half satd. aq. KHSO4. The mixture was then extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was then washed successively with 5% aq. NaHCOs and brine, dried over NaZSO4, ed, and concentrated. The resulting residue was used in the next reaction t the need for further purification. MS (ESI+) m/z 557.4 (M+H).

Intermediate 2C; (i)(5-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)piperidinyl)benzonitrile (diastereomeric mixture) diastereomeric HN O/TBDPS The title compounds was synthesized from (i)—ten‘-butyl (2-((tert—butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)—5-(4- cyanophenyl)—5-oxopenty|)carbamate, Intermediate 2B, analogously to the preparation of Intermediate . MS (ESI+) m/z 441.1 (M+H).

Intermediate 2D; (i)-benzyl 5-((tert-butyldiphenylsiIyl)oxy)(4-cyanophenyl)piperidine- 1-carboxylate (diastereomer—1); and (i)-benzy| 5-((tert-butyldiphenylsi|y|)oxy)(4- cyanophenyl)piperidinecarboxy|ate (diastereomer—2).

N\\ N\\ Cbz’N O/TBDPS CbZ’N S diastereomer-1 diastereomer—Z To a solution of (i)—4-(5-((tert—butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)piperidinyl)benzonitrile (diastereomeric mixture), Intermediate 2C, (5.77 g, 13 mmol) in CHZCIZ (100 mL) at 0 °C was added Et3N (5 mL, 36.1 mmol), followed by Cbz-Cl (5 mL, 35.0 mmol) over 0.25h. The e was then stirred at 0 °C for 2.5h. The on was quenched with 28% NH4OH. The mixture was diluted with CHZCIZ. The c phase was then washed successively with H20, and brine, dried over NaZSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography (heptane/EtOAc = 87/13) to afford, in respective elution order, (i)—benzy| -((tert—butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)—2-(4-cyanophenyl)piperidinecarboxylate (diastereomer—1); and (i)- benzyl 5-((ten‘-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)—2-(4-cyanophenyl)piperidinecarboxylate (diastereomer—2). (diastereomer—1); 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) 6 7.58 - 7.70 (m, 6H), 7.20 - 7.45 (m, 13H), 5.58 (br. d, J=2.00 Hz, 1H), 5.18 (d, J=11.98 Hz, 1H), 4.89 - , 1H), 4.04 (br. d, J=13.90 Hz, 1H), 3.89 (br. s., 1H), 2.75 (dd, J=1.47, 14.06 Hz, 1H), 2.53 - 2.64 (m, 1H), 2.12 - 2.21 (m, 1H), 1.58 - 1.68 (m, 1H), 1.36 - 1.47 (m, 1H), 1.06 (s, 9H). (diastereomer—2); 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) 6 7.71 (d, J=8.31 Hz, 2H), 7.56 - 7.64 (m, 4H), 7.27 - 7.46 (m, 11H), 7.23 (br. s., 2H), 5.31 (br. d, J=2.70 Hz, 1H), 5.01 - 5.13 (m, 2H), 4.14 (br. d, J=10.80 Hz, 1H), 3.66 - 3.76 (m, 1H), 2.61 (dd, J=10.64, 12.84 Hz, 1H), 2.33 (d, J=14.31 Hz, 1H), 1.70 - 1.83 (m, 2H), 1.30 - 1.43 (m, 1H), 1.00 (s, 9H). ediate 2E; (i)-benzyl 2-(4-cyanophenyl)hydroxypiperidinecarboxylate (diastereomer—1) diastereomer-1 OH The title compound was synthesized from nzyl 5-((ten‘-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)—2-(4- cyanophenyl)piperidinecarboxylate (diastereomer—1), Intermediate 2D, analogously to the preparation of Intermediate 2E. MS (ESI+) m/z 337.1 (M+H).

Intermediate 2F; (i)-benzy| 2-(4-cyanopheny|)methoxypiperidinecarboxy|ate (diastereomer—1) reomer-1 Cbz’N 0/ The title compound was synthesized from (i)—benzyl 2-(4-cyanophenyl)—5- hydroxypiperidinecarboxylate (diastereomer—1), Intermediate 2E, analogously to the preparation of Intermediate 2A. MS (ESI+) m/z 351.2 (M+H).

Intermediate 2-21; (i)(5-methoxypiperidinyl)benzonitriIe (diastereomer—1) . / dlastereomer-1 O The title compound was synthesized from (i)—benzyl 2-(4-cyanophenyl)—5- ypiperidinecarboxylate (diastereomer—1), Intermediate 2F, analogously to the preparation of Intermediate 2-12. MS (ESI+) m/z 217.1 (M+H).

Intermediate 2-22: Intermediate ; tert-butyl 4,4-dimethylpiperidinecarboxylate Y ()4 To a solution of 4,4-dimethylpiperidine hydrochloride (6 g, 40.1 mmol) and Boc20 (12.77 mL, 55.0 mmol) in CH2C|2 (100 mL) was added Et3N (12 mL, 87 mmol). The mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 13h. The reaction was quenched with H20. The mixture was then extracted with EtZO. The mixture was then washed successively with 1M aq. HCI, 5% aq. , and brine, dried over NaZSO4, filtered, and concentrated to afford the title compound, which was used in the next reaction without the need for further purification. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) 6 3.33 - 3.40 (m, 4H), 1.45 (s, 9H), 1.26 - 1.33 (m, 4H), 0.94 (s, 6H).

Intermediate 2B; (i)-tert-buty| 4,4-dimethyloxopiperidinecarboxy|ate To a suspension of tert—butyl 4,4-dimethylpiperidine—1-carboxy|ate, Intermediate 2A, (8.5 g, 40.0 mmol) and Na|O4 (13 g, 60.8 mmol) in EtOAc (50 mL)/H20 (100 mL) was added RuCIs (1 g, 4.82 mmol). The mixture was then stirred at room ature for 4.5h. To the mixture was then added additional amount of NalO4 (8 g, 37.4 mmol). The mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 2.5h. The reaction mixture was then diluted with EtOAc. The mixture was then filtered h a plug of ®, which was rinsed with EtOAc. The organic phase was then washed successively with H20, 1% aq. Na28203, and brine, dried over NaZSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting residue was absorbed onto silica gel. The silica gel was rinsed with EtZO. The filtrate was then concentrated to afford the title nd. MS (ESI+) m/z 228.2 (M+H).

Intermediate 2C; rt-buty| (5-(4-cyanophenyl)—3,3-dimethyloxopenty|)carbamate The title compound was synthesized from (i)—ten‘-butyl 4,4-dimethyloxopiperidine—1- carboxylate, ediate 2B, analogously to the preparation of Intermediate 2B. MS (ESI+) m/z 331.2 (M+H).

Intermediate 2D; (i)(4,4-dimethylpiperidinyl)benzonitriIe The title compound was analogously synthesized form (i)—ten‘-butyl (5-(4-cyanophenyl)—3,3- dimethyloxopentyl)carbamate, Intermediate 2C, by following methods described in the synthesis of Intermediate 2B, and then Intermediate 2C. MS (ESI+) m/z 215.3 (M+H). ediate 2E; (i)-benzyl 2-(4-cyanophenyI)-4,4-dimethylpiperidinecarboxylate Cbz’ The title compound was synthesized from (4,4-dimethylpiperidinyl)benzonitrile, Intermediate , analogously to the preparation of Intermediate 2E. MS (ESI+) m/z 349.1 (M+H).

Intermediate 2-22; (i)-methyl 4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidinyl)benzoate The title compound was synthesized from (i)—benzyl 2-(4-cyanophenyl)—4,4- dimethylpiperidinecarboxylate, Intermediate 2E, by following procedures described in the synthesis of Intermediate 2C, Intermediate 2D, and then Intermediate 2-13. MS (ESI+) m/z 248.1 (M+H). ing intermediates were prepared from appropriate ng materials by similar methods described above. lnterme chemical name structure MS (m/z) dIate starting material 0 (i)—methyl 5-(re/-(28,4S)—4- \o \ methoxypiperidin-2—yl) picolinate (ESI+) 21 N' / ('3 2'31;+ _ (i)—4-(5-((terf—butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy) piperidinyl)benzonitrile (diastereomer—1) HN ,TBDPS dIastereomer-1 bed as Intermediate. . . diastereomer-1 2D N\\ (i)—4-(5-((terf—butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy) piperidinyl)benzonitrile (dIas ereomer- t _2 ) (ESI+) 2_23_3 441-0 HN ,TBDPS 0 diastereomer—2 described as (M+H) diastereomer-2 Intermediate 2D N\\ (i)—4-(5-methoxypiperidin-2—yl)benzonitrile (diastereomer—Z) (ESI+) 24 217.1 o/ diastereomer—2 described as (M+H) diastereomer-2 Intermediate 2D Intermediate 2-24: (i)-Ethyl 2-(piperidiny|)thiazolecarboxylate A e of (i)—ten‘-butyl amothioylpiperidinecarboxylate (CAS: 569348-09—0, 99 mg, 0.405 mmol) and bromoethylpyruvate (79 mg, 0.405 mmol) in EtOH (3 mL) was stirred at room ature for 4 days. The mixture was concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography (heptane/EtOAc) to afford the title compound. MS (ESI+) m/z 241.3 (M+H).

Intermediate 2-25: Intermediate 2A; (i)-methyl tert-butoxycarbonyl)piperidinyI)methylthiazole carboxylate /Niko O O= Intermediate 2-25; (i)-methyl 4-methyl(piperidinyl)thiazolecarboxylate /0 "H3 S HN To a on of (i)—methyl 2-(1-(tert—butoxycarbonyl)piperidinyl)methylthiazole—5- carboxylate, Intermediate 2A, (115mg, 0.338 mmol) in CH2C|2 (2 mL) was added TFA. The whole mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 1h. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc, and then washed successively with aq. , brine, dried over NaZSO4, filtered, and concentrated to h the title compound without further purification. MS (ESI+) m/z 240.9 (M+H).

Intermediate 2-26: (i)-N-((4-(piperidinyl)phenyl)sulfonyl)acetamide I IZ o 0 To a solution of a mixture of (i)—tert—butyl 2-(3-sulfamoylphenyl)piperidine—1-carboxylate and (i)—ten‘-butyl 2-(4-sulfamoylphenyl)piperidinecarboxylate, Intermediate 2A, (0.11 g, 0.25 mmol) in CH2C|2 (3 mL) at room ature was added Et3N (0.14 mL, 0.97 mmol), followed by Ac20 (0.09 mL, 0.97 mmol). The mixture was then stirred for 20 min. The on mixture was then diluted with CH2C|2 and satd. aq. . The organic phase was then washed successively with brine, dried over NaZSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting residue was used in the following step without any purification.

To a solution of the residue in CH2C|2 (3 mL) at room temperature was added TFA (0.25 mL, 3.2 mmol. The mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 60 hr. The reaction mixture was concentrated to give the title compound as TFA salt, which was used in the next reaction without the need for further purification. MS (ESI+) m/z 283.1 (M+H).

Intermediate 2-27: Intermediate ; (i)benzoyl(4-bromophenyl)-2,3-dihydropyridin-4(1H)-one To a suspension of Mg (1.2 g, 50 mmol) in THF (50 mL) at room temperature was added iodine (50 mg), and then the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 min. To the mixture was then added 1,4-bibromobenzene (11.8 g, 50 mmol) portionwise , and the e was stirred at 70 °C for 2h. The mixture was cooled to room temperature to furnish ophenylmagnesium bromide in THF.

To a solution of4-methoxypyridine (1.52 g, 13.9 mmol) in THF (40 mL) at room temperature was added l chloride (1.6 mL, 13.9 mmol), followed by trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (3.06 g, 13.8 mmol). The mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 0.5h, and then cooled to -78 °C. To the mixture at -78 0C was then added the 4- bromophenylmagnesium brimide in THF, and then the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 1h. The mixture was then quenched with 2M HCI (50 mL). The mixture was then extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was then dried over Na2804, filtered, and then concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by si|ca gel flash cholumn chromatography (heptane/EtOAc = 1/0 to 4/1) to afford the titled compound. MS (ESI+) m/z 357.8 (M+H).

Intermediate 2B; rt-butyl 2-(4-bromophenyl)oxo-3,4-dihydropyridine-1(2H)- carboxylate A mixture of Intermediate 2A (700 mg, 1.97 mmol) and 25% NaOMe in MeOH (5 mL) was d at room ature for 2h, and then diluted with H20. The mixture was then extracted with EtOAc. The oeganic phase was then dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and then concentrate. The resulting residue in THF (8 mL) were added Boc20 (955 mg, 4.38 mmol) and Et3N (0.5 mL, 3.28 mmol), followed by DMAP (130 mg, 1.06 mmol). The mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 1h, and then concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography ne/EtOAc = 1/0 to 7/3) to afford the title compound. MS (ES|+) m/z 294.9 (M-tBu)+. ediate 2C; (i)-tert-butyl 2-(4-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)oxo-3,4-dihydropyridine- 1(2H)-carboxylate A mixture of Intermediate 2B (7.8 g, 22.2 mmol), iPr2NEt (10 mL, 57.4 mmol), Pd(OAc)2 (1.2 g, mmol, 5.34 mmol), and dppp (4.2 g, 10.2 mmol) in DMSO/MeOH (60 mL/60 mL) was stirred at 80 0C for 16h under CO gas atmosphere (100 psi). The reaction mixture was diluted with H20. The e was then extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was then concentrated.

The resulting residue and Et3N (10 mL, 71 mmol) in THF (50 mL) was added Boc20 (8 g, 36.7 mmol) in THF (10 mL), followed by catalytic amount of DMAP. The mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 2h, and then concentrated. The resulting mixture was ed by silica gel flash column chromatography (heptane/EtOAc = 1/0 to 4/1) to afford the titled nd. MS (ESI- )m/z 331.0 (M-H), (ESI+) m/z 231.95 (M-Boc)+.

Intermediate 2D; (i)-tert-butyl methoxycarbonyl)phenyI)oxopiperidine carboxylate A mixture of Intermediate 2C (4.5 g, 13.6 mmol) and Pd/C (10%, 800 mg) in MeOH (25 mL) was stirred at room temperature under H2 atmosphere (40psi) for 2h. The H2 gas was ed to N2, and then the catalyst was removed by filtration through a plug of Celite®, which was rinsed with MeOH. The filtrate was then concentrated. The ing residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography (heptane/EtOAc = 1/0 to 3/1) to afford the titled compound. MS (ESI-) m/z 333.1 (M-H).

Intermediate 2E; (i)-tert-butyl 2-(4-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyI)methylenepiperidine carboxylate To a suspension of methyltriphenylphosphonium e (480 mg, 1.34 mmol) in THF (5 mL) at 0 0C was added KOtBu (153 mg, 1.36 mmol). The mixture was then stirred at the same temperature for 0.5h. To the mixture was then added a solution of Intermediate 2D (300 mg, 0.90 mmol) in THF (5 mL). The e was then stirred at room temperature for 16h, and then quenched with H20. The mixture was then extracted with EtOAc. The organic phase was then dried over NaZSO4, ed, and then concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel flash column tography (heptane/EtOAc = 1/0 to 9/1) to afford the titled compound. 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) 6 7.98 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.36 (d, J=8.4Hz, 2H), 5.53 (brd, J=3.8 Hz, 1H), 4.83 (br. s, 2H), 4.02-4.10 (m, 1H), 3.90 (s, 3H), .87 (m, 3H), 2.16-2.38 (m, 2H), 1.46 (s, 9H).

Intermediate 2-27; (i)-methyl 4-(6-azaspiro[2.5]octanyl)benzoate To a solution of diethylzinc (1M in hexane, 14 mmol) in CH2C|2 (30 mL) at -40 0C was added diiodomethane (1.1 mL, 13.8 mml). The mixture was then stirred at the same temperature for 0.5h.

To the mixture was then added a solution of Intermediate 2E (1.52 g, 4.6 mml) in CH2C|2 (20 mL). The mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 16h. The mixture was then quenched with HZO/brine. The mixture was then extracted with CH2C|2. The organic phase was then dried over NaZSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting e was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography ne/EtOAc = 1/0 to 1/4) to afford the titled compound. MS (ES|+) m/z 246.0 (M+H).

Intermediate 2-28: Intermediate 2A; (i)-tert-butyl 4-ethylidene(4-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)piperidine carboxylate The title compound was synthesized from Intermediate 2D (220mg, 0.66 mmol) and ethyl triphenylphosphonium bromide (344mg, 0.92 mmol) analogoulsy to the preparation of Intermediate . MS (ES|+) m/z 246.0 (M-tBu).

Intermediate ; (i)-reI-(2S,4S)-tert-butyl 4-ethyl(4- (methoxycarbony|)phenyl)piperidinecarboxy|ate Boc’ rel- (23,43) A mixture of ediate 2A (110 mg, 0.3 mmol) and Pd/C (10%, 30 mg) in MeOH (2 mL) was stirred at room temperature under H2 atmosphere (50 psi) for 5h. The H2 gas was replaced to N2, and then the catalyst was removed by tion through a plug of Celite®, which was rinsed with MeOH. The filtrate was then concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography (heptane/EtOAc = 1/0 to 3/1) to afford the titled compound. 1HNMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) 5 8.00 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.27 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 5.49 (brs, 1H), 4.03- 4.22 (m, 1H), 3.91 (s, 3H), 2.68-2.83 (m, 1H), 2.34 (br, d, J=14 Hz, 1H), 1.52-1.69 (m, 3H), 1.46 (s, 9H), 10-134 (m, 3H), 0.88 (t, z, 3H).

Intermediate 2-28; (i)-methyl 4-(reI-(2S,4S)ethylpiperidinyl)benzoate re/-(28,48) To a solution of Intermediate 2B (40 mg, 0.115 mmol) in CH2C|2/MeOH (1 mL/1 mL) at 0 0C was added 4M HCl in dioxane (2 mL). The mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 6h. The mixture was then partially trated. The mixture was then diluted with H20. The mixture was then rendered basic by NaHCOs (pH~8). The mixture was then extracted with EtOAc.

The organic phase was dried over NaZSO4, filtered, and concentrated to afford the title compound. 1HNMR (300 MHz, CD30D) 5 ppm: 7.97 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.47 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 3.94 (dd, J’=3 Hz, J"=7.4 Hz, 1H), 3.88 (s, 3H), 2.84-2.97 (m, 2H), 1.50-1.89 (m, 7H), 0.96 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 3H).

Intermediate 3-1: (i)((5,7-DimethyItosyI-1H-indolyl)methyI)phenylpiperidinol (diastereomeric mixture) ,N diastereomeric TS mixture To a solution of phenylpiperidinol ereomeric mixture), Intermediate 2-1, (154 mg, 0.72 mmol) in DMSO (2 mL) was added K2003 (350 mg, 2.53 mmol). The mixture was then stirred for 10 min. To the mixture was then added 4-(chloromethyl)—5,7-dimethyltosyl-1H-indole, Intermediate 1-6, (170 mg, 0.489 mmol). The mixture was then stirred at 80 °C for 1h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, and then poured into H20. The mixture was then extracted with EtOAc. The organic phase was washed successively with H20 (twice) and brine, dried over K2003, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting e was purified by slica gel flash column chromatography (heptane/EtOAc =75/25) to afford the title compound as a mixture of diastereomers, which was used in the next reaction t the need for further cation. MS (ESI+) m/z 489.4 (M+H).

Following intermediates were prepared from appropriate starting als by similar methods described above. lnterm chemical name MS stru ctu re ediate starting al (i)—4-((4-methoxyphenylpiperidin-1 - \ yl)methyl)—5,7-dimethyltosyl-1H—indole {1152/ (diastereomeric mixture) IntermedIate 1-6 andI diastereomeric Ts’ mixture Intermediate 2-2 (i)—benzyl (1-((5,7-dimethyltosyl-1H- indolyl)methyl)phenylpiperidin y|)carbamate (diastereomer—1) Intermediate 1-6 and diastereomer—1 Intermediate 2-5 (i)—benzy| (1-((5,7-dimethyItosy|—1H- 4-yl)methyl)pheny|piperidin bamate (diastereomer—Z) Intermediate 1-6 and diastereomer-2 Intermediate 2-6 (i)—5,7-dimethyl((2-phenylpiperidin-1 - y|)methyl)—1-tosy|—1H-indole Intermediate 1-6 and 2-phenylpiperidine (i)—(1-((5,7-dimethy|—1-tosy|—1H-indoI y|)methyl)pheny|piperidinyl)methanol ereomer—1) Intermediate 1-6 and diastereomer-1 Intermediate 2-7 (i)—(1-((5,7-dimethy|—1-tosy|—1H-indoI y|)methyl)pheny|piperidinyl)methanol (diastereomer—Z) Intermediate 1-6 and diastereomer-Z Intermediate 2-8 (i)—4-(1-((5,7-dimethy|—1-tosy|—1H—indo|—4- y|)methy|)piperidin y|)benzenesulfonamide (i)—3-(1-((5,7-dimethy|—1-tosy|—1H—indo|—4- y|)methyl)piperidin-2— y|)benzenesulfonamide (mixture of regioisomer) Intermediate 1-6 and (mixture of regioisomer) Intermediate 2-9 (i)—4-(1-((5,7-dimethy|—1-tosy|—1H—indo|—4- y|)methyl)piperidin-Z-yl)—N- methylbenzenesulfonamide (i)—3-(1-((5,7-dimethy|—1-tosy|—1H—indo|—4- y|)methyl)piperidin-Z-yl)—N- methylbenzenesulfonamide T Intermediate 1-6 and Intermediate 2-10 (i)—4-((2-(4-f|uorophenyl)—4- methoxypiperidiny|)methy|)—5,7- yItosyI-1H-indole Intermediate 1-6 and ediate 2-11 (i)—(1-((5,7-dimethy|—1-tosy|—1H-indoI y|)methy|)phenylpiperidin-Z-yl)methanol Intermediate 1-6 and (2-phenylpiperidinyl)methanol (CAS: 1614990) (i)—4-(1-((5,7-dimethy|—1-tosy|—1H—indo|—4- y|)methyl)piperidiny|)benzonitrile Intermediate 1-6 and 4-(piperidinyl)benzonitrile HCI (CAS: 12036851) (i)—4-(1-((5-ch|oro—7-methy|—1-tosy|—1 H- indoIyl)methyl)piperidinyl)benzonitrile Intermediate 1-9 and 4-(piperidinyl)benzonitrile HCI N\\ (i)—4-(rel—(28,4S)—1-((5,7-dimethy|—1 — OH 1H-indoIyl)methyl)hydroxypiperidin- N 2-y|)benzonitri|e (1%/ Intermediate 1-6 and Intermediate 21.

TS! rel-(28,48) N\\ (i)—4-(re/—(28,4R)—1-((5,7-dimethy|—1 -tosy|— (I) 1H-indoIyl)methyl)methoxypiperidin- N 2-y|)benzonitri|e (15/ Intermediate 1-6 and N . \\ (i)—4-(rel—(28,4S)—1-((5,7-dimethy|—1 -tosy|— O\/ 1H-indoIyl)methyl)—4-ethoxypiperidin N zonitri|e / Intermediate 1-6 and / Intermediate 25 Ts reI-(28, 4S) (i)—5,7-dimethyl((2—(4- (methylsu|fony|)pheny|)piperidin y|)methy|)—1-tosy|—1H-indole Intermediate 1-6 and Intermediate 2-19 n‘-buty| 5-cyclopropyI((4- (methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)piperidin y|)methy|)—7-methy|—1 H-indoIe carboxylate Intermediate 1-8 and (S)—methy| 4-(piperidin-Z-yl)benzoate HCI (CAS: 1391547-09—3) (i)—tert—buty| 5-cyclopropyl((2—(4- (methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)pyrrolidin y|)methy|)—7-methy|—1 H-indoIe carboxylate Intermediate 1-8 and methyl 4-(pyrrolidinyl)benzoate (CAS: 9083344) (S)—ten‘-buty| 5-cyclopropyl((2—(6- (methoxycarbonyl)pyridinyl)piperidin hy|)—7-methy|—1 H-indoIe carboxylate Intermediate 1-8 and (S)—methy| 5-(2—piperidy|)pyridine-2— ylate (CAS: 12136062) (S)—tert—buty| 5-cyclopropyl((2—(3-f|uoro- 4-(methoxycarbonyl)pheny|)piperidin y|)methy|)—7-methy|—1 H-indoIe carboxylate Intermediate 1-8 and (S)—methy| 2-fluoro— 4-(piperidinyl)benzoate (CAS: 13365715) (S)—ten‘-buty| 5-cyclopropyl((2—(2- methoxy (methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)piperidin y|)methy|)—7-methy|—1 H-indoIe carboxylate ediate 1-8 and (S)—methy| 6-(piperidy|)pyridine carboxylate (CAS: 12699961) (i)—ten‘-buty| 4-(rel-(28,4S)—(4-ethoxy-2—(4- \o (methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)piperidin hy|)—5,7-dimethyI-1 H-indoIe carboxylate Intermediate 1-7 and Intermediate 2-13b (i)—ten‘-buty| 5-cyclopropyl(rel—(28,48)- (4-methoxy-2—(4- (methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)piperidin y|)methy|)—7-methy|—1 H-indoIe carboxylate Intermediate 1-8 and Intermediate 2-12 rt—buty| 4-((2-(4-(N- acetylsulfamoyl)phenyl)piperidin y|)methyl)cyc|opropyImethyl-1H- indoIecarboxylate single Intermediate 1-8 and $94323" Intermediate 2-26 WO 09616 Intermediate 3-3: Intermediate 3A; 7-dimethyltosyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)(4- (hydroxymethyl)phenyl)pyridinium chloride To a solution of (4-(pyridiny|)pheny|)methano| (CAS: 286, 70 mg, 0.378 mmol) in CH3CN (0.5 mL) was added 4-(chloromethyl)-5,7-dimethy|—1-tosy|—1H-indole, Intermediate 1-6, (100 mg, 0.287 mmol). The mixture was then stirred at 70 °C for 23h. The reaction mixture was concentrated to give the title compound, which was used in the next reaction without the need for further purification. MS (ESI+) m/z 497.5 (M)+.

Intermediate 3-3; (i)-(4-(1-((5,7-dimethyltosyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)piperidin yl)phenyl)methanol A mixture of 1-((5,7-dimethy|—1-tosy|—1H-indoIyl)methyl)—2-(4-(hydroxymethyl)pheny|)— pyridinium chloride, Intermediate 3A, and Pt02 (20 mg, 0.088 mmol) in MeOH (2 mL) was stirred at room temperature under H2 atmosphere for ca. 4h. The H2 gas was replaced with N2.

The catalyst was then removed by tion through a plug of Celite®, which was rinsed with MeOH.

The filtrate was then concentrated, which was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography (heptane/EtOAc = 4/1 to 1/1) to afford the title compound. MS (ESI+) m/z 503.5 (M+H).

Intermediate 4-1: (i)-tert-Butyl 4-((4-(cyanomethyl)phenylpiperidinyl)methyl)-5,7-dimethyl-1H-indole ylate (diastereomer—1) Boc diastereomer-1 To a mixture of (i)—2-(2-phenylpiperidinyl)acetonitrile (diastereomer—1), Intermediate 2-3, (46.7 mg, 0.233 mmol) and r)4 (1 mL, 3.38 mmol) was added terf-butyl 4-formyl-5,7-dimethyl- 1H—indole—1-carboxylate, Intermediate 1-5, (55 mg, 0.201 mmol). The mixture was then stirred at 90 °C for 1h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, and then d with CH2C|2 (ca. 2 mL). The mixture was then poured into a suspension of NaBH4 (500 mg, 13.22 mmol) in MeOH (20 mL) at 0 °C dropwise. The mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 1h. The mixture was then diluted with CH2C|2, and added Celite® and H20. The mixture was filtered through a plug of Celite®, which was rinsed with CH2C|2. The organic phase was successively washed with H20, and brine, dried over NaZSO4, filtered, and concentrated to furnish the title compound without any purification MS (ESI+) m/z 458.5 (M+H).

Intermediate 4-2: (i)-tert-Butyl 4-((4-(cyanomethyI)phenylpiperidinyl)methyI)-5,7-dimethyl-1H-indoIe ylate (diastereomer—2) 800 diastereomer-Z The title compound was synthesized from (i)—2-(2-phenylpiperidinyl)acetonitrile (diastereomer—2), Intermediate 2-4, and terf-butyl 4-formyl-5,7-dimethyl-1H-indolecarboxylate, Intermediate 1-5, analogously to the preparation of Intermediate 4-2. MS (ES|+) m/z 458.5 (M+H).

Intermediate 4-3: (i)-tert-Butyl -(2S,4S)-(4-ethoxy(4-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)piperidiny|)methyI) methoxymethyl-1H-indolecarboxy|ate \O l/ 800/ 8,48) To a solution of utyl 4-formylmethoxymethyl-1H-indole—1-carboxylate, Intermediate 1-3, (1.5 g, 5.18 mmol) and (i)—methyl 4-(rel-(2S,4S)—4-ethoxypiperidin yl)benzoate, Intermediate 2-13b, (1.185 g, 4.5 mmol) in DOE (20 mL) was added NaBH(OAc)3 (3 g, 14.15 mmol). The mixture was then d at room temperature for 20h. The reaction mixture was then diluted with EtOAc. The mixture was then washed successively with 5% aq. Nchog, H20, and brine, dried over NaZSO4, filtered, and concentrated to afford the title compound, which was used in the next reaction without the needs of further purification. MS (ESI+) m/z 537.4 (M+1).

Following intermediates were prepared from appropriate starting materials by similar methods described above. lnterme chemical name structure + dIate. starting material (i)—ten‘-butyl 5-methoxymethyl((2-(pyridin yl)piperidinyl)methyl)-1H-indolecarboxylate (APCI) 436.1 ediate 1-3 and (M+H) (i)—2-(4-pyridinyl)piperidine (CAS: 143924-51—8) (i)—ten‘-butyl 5-methoxymethyl((2-(pyridin yl)piperidinyl)methyl)-1H-indolecarboxylate (APCI) 436.1 Intermediate 1-3 and (M+H) (i)—2-(3-pyridinyl)piperidine (CAS: 130781) (S)—ten‘-butyl (2-fluoro (methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)piperidinyl)methyl) methoxymethyl-1H-indolecarboxylate (APCI) 511.2 Intermediate 1-3 and (M+H) (S)—methyl 4-((2-piperidyl))—3-fluorobenzoate (CAS: 121 33201) n‘-butyl 5-methoxy((3-(4- xycarbonyl)phenyl)morpholino)methyl)—7- methyl-1H-indolecarboxylate (ES|+) Intermediate 1-3 and (M+H) (R)—methyl pholinyl)benzoate (CAS: 12134508) WO 09616 (S)—tert—buty| 5-methoxy((2-(5- (methoxycarbonyl)pyridinyl)piperidin y|)methy|)—7-methyI-1H-indoIecarboxylate Intermediate 1-3 and thy| 6-(2-piperidyl)pyridinecarboxylate (CAS: 12699961) (S)—tert—buty| 4-((2-(4-bromopheny|)piperidin y|)methy|)methoxymethy|—1 H-indoIe (APC|+) carboxylate 513.2, 515.1 Intermediate 1-3 and (M+H) (S)—2-(4-bromopheny|)piperidine (i)—ten‘-buty| 4-((2-(4-bromopheny|)azepan y|)methy|)methoxymethy|—1 H-indoIe carboxylate (APC|+) 527.2 Intermediate 1-3 and (M+H) 2-(4-bromophenyl)azepane (CAS: 383129u24m6) (i)—ten‘-buty| 4-((2-(3-bromopheny|)piperidin y|)methy|)—5,7-dimethyI-1H-indole—1-carboxylate (APC|+) 497.0 Intermediate 1-3 and (M+H 2-(3-bromophenyl)piperidine (CAS: 3831283453) (i)—tert—buty| 4-((2-(4-cyanophenyl)—4-methoxy methylpiperidiny|)methyl)methoxymethy|— MS 1H—indoIecarboxylate (single reomer) (ESI+) 504.2 Intermediate 1-3 and (M+H) Intermediate 2-14 diastereomer-1 (i)—tert—buty| 5-cyclopropyI(rel-(2S,4S)—(4- ethoxy(4-(methoxycarbonyl)pheny|)piperidin y|)methy|)—7-methyI-1H-indoIecarboxylate Intermediate 1-2 and Boc rel-(28,48) Intermediate 2-13b tert—butyl 5-methoxy((28,4S)—(2—(4- (methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)propoxypiperidin y|)methy|)—7-methyI-1H-indoIecarboxylate Intermediate 1-3 and ediate 26 tert—butyl 4-((28,4S)—(4-hydroxy-2—(4- xycarbonyl)phenyl)piperidiny|)methy|)—5- methoxymethyI-1H-indole—1-carboxylate Intermediate 1-3 and Intermediate 27 o (i)—ten‘-buty| 5-methoxy((2-(4- (methoxycarbonyl)methy|pheny|)piperidin (APC|+) N y|)methy|)—7-methyI-1H-indoIecarboxylate 507.2 (M+H) Intermediate 1-3 and Intermediate 21 Boc(ﬁxNI (i)—ten‘-buty| 5-methoxy((2-(4- (methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)methy|piperidin y|)methy|)—7-methyI-1H-indoIecarboxylate (APC|+) N e diastereomer) 507.4 / (M+H) I" Intermediate 1-3 and Boc Intermediate 22 single diastereomer (i)—ten‘-buty| 4-((re/-(2S,4R)—4-ethy|—2—(4- (methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)piperidiny|)methy|)—5- methoxymethyI-1H-indole—1-carboxylate Intermediate 1-3 and Intermediate 23 n‘-buty| 5-methoxy((2—(4-(2—methoxy oxoethyl)phenyl)piperidiny|)methy|)—7-methy|— (APC|+) 1H—indole—1-carboxylate 507-3 (M+1) Intermediate 1-3 and Intermediate 24 (i)—ten‘-buty| 5-methoxy((2—(3-(2—methoxy oxoethyl)phenyl)piperidiny|)methy|)—7-methy|— (APC|+) ole—1-carboxylate 507-2 (M+1) Intermediate 1-3 and Intermediate 25 (i)—tert—buty| 5-cyclopropyI(rel-(2S,4S)—(4- \o / methoxy-2—(6-(methoxycarbonyl)pyridin N \ o\ y|)piperidiny|)methy|)—7-methy|—1 H-indoIe N carboxylate / ediate 1-2 and ,N Intermediate 21 B re,_(2s 48) OC ’ (i)—ten‘-buty| 4-((2-(4-cyanopheny|)—5- methoxypiperidiny|)methy|)—5-methoxy methyl-1H-indoIecarboxylate (diastereomer—1) Intermediate 1-3 and Intermediate 2-21 diastereomer-1 n‘-buty| 4-((2-(4-cyanopheny|)—5- methoxypiperidiny|)methy|)—5-methoxy N methyl-1H-indoIecarboxylate (diastereomer—Z) /N Intermediate 1-3 and 306 Intermediate 24 diastereomer-Z (i)—tert—buty| 4-((5-((ten‘-buty|diphenylsilyl)oxy)—2— (4-cyanophenyl)piperidiny|)methy|)—5-methoxy- 7-methyI-1H-indole—1-carboxylate ereomer— Intermediate 1-3 and ediate 22 (i)—tert—buty| 4-((5-((ten‘-buty|diphenylsilyl)oxy)—2— (4-cyanophenyl)piperidiny|)methy|)—5-methoxy- 7-methyI-1H-indole—1-carboxylate (diastereomer— Intermediate 1-3 and Intermediate 23 (i)—ethy| 2—(1-((1-(tert—butoxycarbony|)methoxy- 7-methyI-1H-indoIyl)methyl)piperidin-2— y|)thiazole—4-carboxylate Intermediate 1-3 and Intermediate 2-24 (i)—methy| 2-(1-((1-(tert—butoxycarbonyI) methoxymethyI-1H-indoIyl)methyl)piperidin- 2-yl)—4-methylthiazole—5-carboxylate Intermediate 1-3 and Intermediate 2-25 (S)—tert—buty| 5-methoxy((2—(4- (methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)piperidiny|)methy|)—7- methyl-1H-indoIecarboxylate Intermediate 1-3 and (S)—methyl 4-(piperidinyl)benzoate (CAS: 12134555) (i)—ten‘-buty| 5-methoxy((2—(3-methoxy (methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)piperidiny|)methy|)—7- methyl-1H-indole—1-carboxylate Intermediate 1-3 and Intermediate 2-17 (i)—ten‘-buty| 5-methoxy((5-(4- (methoxycarbonyl)pheny|)azaspiro[2.5]octan hy|)—7-methyI-1H-indoIecarboxylate 519.1 Intermediate 1-3 and (M+1) Intermediate 2-27 (i)—tert—buty| /-(28,4S)—4-ethy|—2-(4- (methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)piperidiny|)methy|)—5- methoxymethyI-1H-indole—1-carboxylate (APC|+) 521.1 Intermediate 1-3 and (M+1) Intermediate 2-28 Intermediate 4-5: (i)-tert-Butyl 4-((2-(4-cyanophenyI)hydroxypiperidiny|)methyl)methoxymethyl-1H- carboxylate (diastereomer—1) 800 diastereomer-1 The title compound was synthesized from (i)—ten‘-butyl 4-((5-((ten‘-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)—2— (4-cyanophenyl)piperidiny|)methyl)methoxymethyl-1H-indolecarboxylate (diastereomer- 1), Intermediate 421 (diastereomer—1), analogously to the preparation of Intermediate 2E.

MS (ESI+) m/z 476.4 (M+H).

Intermediate 4-6: (i)-tert-Butyl (4-cyanophenyI)hydroxypiperidiny|)methyl)methoxymethyl-1H- indolecarboxylate (diastereomer—Z) Boc diastereomer-2 The title nd was synthesized from (i)—ten‘-butyl 4-((5-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)—2— (4-cyanophenyl)piperidiny|)methyl)methoxymethyl-1H-indolecarboxylate (diastereomer- 2), Intermediate 422 (diastereomer—Z),analogously to the preparation of Intermediate 2E.

MS (ESI+) m/z 476.3 (M+H).

Intermediate 4-7: rt-Butyl 4-((2-(3-cyanophenyl)piperidiny|)methyI)-5,7-dimethyl-1H-indoIe carboxylate To a solution of (i)—ten‘-butyl (3-bromophenyl)piperidinyl)methyl)-5,7-dimethyl-1H- —1-carboxylate, Intermediate 48, (200 mg, 0.402 mmol) and zinc cyanide (10.16 mg, 0.087 mmol) in DMF (1.5 mL) was added Pd(PPh3)4 (50 mg, 0.043 mmol). The mixture was then stirred at 80 °C for 6 h, and then cooled to room temperature. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc. The organic phase was then washed successively with H20 (twice), and brine, dried over NaZSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography ne/EtOAc) to afford the title compound. MS (APC|+) m/z 444.1 (M+H).

Intermediate 4-8: (i)-Methyl 3-(1-((5,7-dimethyI-1H-indoly|)methyl)piperidinyl)benzoate To a solution of (i)—ten‘-butyl 4-((2-(3-bromophenyl)piperidiny|)methyl)—5,7-dimethyl-1H- indole—1-carboxylate, Intermediate 48, (580 mg, 1.166 mmol), Et3N (1 mL, 7.21 mmol), and Pd(OAc)2 (52.4 mg, 0.233 mmol) in DMSO (18 mL)/MeOH (18 mL) was added 1,3- bis(diphenylphosphino)propane (192 mg, 0.466 mmol). The mixture was then stirred at 80 °C under carbon monoxide atmosphere (100 psi) for ca. 16h. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc. The e was then washed successively with H20 (twice) and brine, dried over NaZSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography (heptane/EtOAc) to afford the title compound. MS (APC|+) m/z 377.1 (M+H). ediate 4-9: (i)-tert-Butyl 5-methoxy((2-(4-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)azepany|)methyI)methyI-1H- indolecarboxylate The title compound was sized from (i)—ten‘-butyl 4-((2-(4-bromophenyl)azepan y|)methyl)methoxymethy|—1H-indoIecarboxylate, Intermediate 47, analogously to the preparation of Intermediate 4-8. MS (APC|+) m/z 507.2 (M+1) 2014/046515 ediate 4-10: (S)-tert-Butyl 4-((2-(4-(1H-pyrazolyl)phenyl)piperidiny|)methyl)methoxymethyl-1H- indolecarboxylate / \ Boc/ To a suspension of (S)—ten‘-butyl 4-((2-(4-bromophenyl)piperidinyl)methyl)methoxy methyl-1H-indolecarboxylate, Intermediate 46 (153 mg, 0.298 mmol), 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl- 1,3,2-dioxaborolanyl)—1H-pyrazole (89 mg, 0.46 mmol), and K2C03 (124 mg, 0.9 mmol) in dioxane (8 mL)/H20 (2 mL) was added Pd(PPh3)4 (30 mg, 0.026 mmol). The mixture was then stirred at 90 °C for ca. 16h. The reaction mixture was then cooled down to room temperature, and then diluted with EtOAc. The mixture was then washed successively with 5% aq. , H20, and brine, dried over , filtered, and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography (heptane/EtOAc = 1/0 to 1/1) to afford the title compound.

MS (ES|+) m/z 501.3 (M+H).

Intermediate 4-11: (S)-tert-Butyl 4-((2-(4-(1H-pyrazolyl)phenyl)piperidiny|)methyl)methoxymethyl-1H- indolecarboxylate HN~N / \ The title compound was synthesized from (S)—ten‘-butyl 4-((2-(4-bromophenyl)piperidin yl)methyl)methoxymethyl-1H-indolecarboxylate, Intermediate 46, and 3-(4,4,5,5- tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolanyl)—1H-pyrazole analogously to the preparation of Intermediate 4- . MS (ESI+) m/z 501.3 (M+H).

Intermediate 4-12: (i)-tert-Butyl 5-methoxy((2-(4-(methoxycarbonyl)naphthaleny|)piperidiny|)methyI) methyl-1H-indolecarboxylate To a solution of tert—butyl 4-(hydroxymethyl)methoxymethyl-1H-indolecarboxylate, Intermediate 1-10, (50 mg, 0.172 mmol) in DMSO (1 mL) at room temperature was added cyanuric chloride (63 mg, 0.344 mmol). The mixture was then stirred at room ature for 2h, and then quenched with H20. The e was then extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed successively with H20 and brine, dried over NaZSO4, filtered, and then concentrated. The ing residue was dissolved in DMF (3 mL). To the DMF solution was added thy| 4-(piperidin yl)—1-naphthoate HCI salt, Intermediate , (79mg, 0.26 mmol) and iPr2NEt (0.13 mL, 0.777 mmol), followed by potassium iodide (21.6 mg, 0.13 mmol). The mixture was then d at room temperature for 4 days. The reaction mixture was then diluted with EtOAc. The organic phase was washed successively with H20 and brine, dried over NaZSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography (heptane/EtOAc = 1/0 to 8/2) to afford the title compound. MS (APC|+) m/z 543.2 (M+H).

Intermediate 4-13 and Intermediate 4-14: Intermediate 4A; (i)-tert-buty| 5-methoxymethyl(2,2,2-trif|uorohydroxyethy|)-1H- indolecarboxylate CF3 OH Boc To a solution of tert—butyl 4-formylmethoxymethyl-1H-indole—1-carboxylate, Intermediate 1-3, (1.34 g, 4.6 mmol) and trimethyl(trifluoromethyl)silane (900 mg, 4.88 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was added TBAF (1M in THF, 92 uL, 0.09 mmol) at -20°C. The mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 2h, and then concentrated. The resulting residue was purifies by silica gel flash column chromatography (heptane/EtOAc = 1/0 to 8/2) to afford the title compound. 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) 6 7.54 (d, J=3.0 Hz, 1H), 6.79 (s, 1H), 6.58 (d, J=3.0 Hz, 1H), 5.30 - .46 (m, 1H), 4.63 (br. d, J=5.4 Hz, 1H), 3.93 (br. s., 3H), 2.63 (s, 3H), 1.62 (s, 9H). ediate 4-13; methyl 4-(2S)-(1-(2,2,2-trifluoro(5-methoxymethyI-1H-indol yl)ethyl)piperidinyl)benzoate (diastereomer-1): and Intermediate 4-14; methyl 4-(2S)-(1- (2,2,2-trifluoro(5-methoxymethyI-1H-indoly|)ethyl)piperidinyl)benzoate (diastereomer—2): o 0 CF3 [‘0 CFs IO 0 O / \ / \ N N H diastereomer-1 H diastereomer-Z To a solution of (i)—ten‘-buty| 5-methoxymethyI(2,2,2-trif|uorohydroxyethy|)—1H- indoIecarboxylate, Intermediate 4A, (350 mg, 0.974 mmol) in CH2C|2 (5 mL) at 0 °C was added Et3N (162 uL, 1.169 mmol), followed by MsCI (91 uL, 1.169 mmol). The mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 16h. The mixture was then diluted with CH2C|2. The mixture was then washed successively with 5% aq. NaHC03, H20, and brine, dried over Na2804, filtered, and concentrated. To a solution of the resulting residue in CH3CN (5 mL) was added Et3N (1 mL, 7.21 mmol), followed by methyl (piperidiny|)benzoate (125 mg, 0.487 mmol). The mixture was then stirred at 130 °C for 16h in the sealed tube. The reaction mixture was then trated. The resulting residue was purified by RP-HPLC (stationary phase; XbridgeTMC-18: mobile phase; 0.05% TFA in 3CN: gradient; 5% to 90% B in 40 min) to afford, in respective elution order, tert- butyl 5-methoxymethyI(2,2,2-trif|uoro((S)—2-(4-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)piperidin y|)ethy|)-1H-indoIecarboxylate (diastereomer—1, tr = 23.8 min) as Intermediate 4-13, MS (APC|-) m/z 459.16 (M-H); and tert—butyl 5-methoxymethyI(2,2,2-trifluoro((S)—2-(4- (methoxycarbonyl)pheny|)piperidiny|)ethy|)-1H-indoIecarboxylate (diastereomer—2, tr = 26.1 min) as Intermediate 4-14, MS (APC|-) m/z 459.15 (M-H).

Intermediate 4-15: (i)((2-(4-(2H-tetrazolyl)phenyl)piperidiny|)methyI)-5,7-dimethyltosyI-1H-indole ,N=N HN\ / A mixture of (1-((5,7-dimethyltosyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)piperidinyl)benzonitrile, Intermediate 311, (80 mg, 0.161 mmol), sodium azide (15.68 mg, 0.241 mmol), and triethylamine hloride (33.2 mg, 0.241 mmol) in chlorobenzene (2 mL) was stirred at 110 °C for 1 hr, and then at 130 0C for 5 hr. To the mixture were added additional amounts of sodium azide (29 mg) and triethylamine hydrochloride (63 mg) at room temperature. The mixture was then stirred at 130 °C for 3 hr, and then cooled to room temperature. The e was then diluted with H20, and then acidified with 1 mL of AcOH. The mixture was then extracted three times with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were then dried over NaZSO4, filtered, and then trated.

The resulting residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography [heptane/(5% MeOH in EtOAc = 1/0 to 0/1) to afford the title compound. MS (ESI+) m/z 541.5 (M+H). ediate 5-1: xﬂoN xﬂoN ediate 5-1a; (i)-tert-butyl 5-methoxy((reI-(2S,4R)(4-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl) methylpiperidiny|)methy|)methyl-1H-indolecarboxylate To a solution of tert—butyl 4-formylmethoxymethyl-1H-indolecarboxylate, Intermediate 1-3, (1.8 g, 6.22 mmol) and (i)—methyl 4-(rel-(2S,4R)—4-methylpiperidin yl)benzoate, Intermediate 2-16, (1.2 g, 5.14 mmol) in DOE (15 mL) was added NaBH(OAc)3 (3 g, 14.15 mmol). The mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 14h. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc. The mixture was then washed successively with 5% aq. NaHC03, H20, and brine, dried over NaZSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography (heptane/EtOAc = 91/1) to afford the title compound. (ESI+) m/z 507.1 (M+H).

Intermediate 5-1b; tert-butyl 5-methoxy(((2S,4R)(4-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)—4- methylpiperidiny|)methy|)methyl-1H-indolecarboxylate and tert-butyl 5-methoxy (((2R,4S)(4-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyI)methylpiperidinyl)methyI)methyI-1H-indole- 1-carboxylate Resolution of the omers of Intermediate 5-1a was achieved by chiral SFC using a CHIRALPAK® IA column with 20% iPrOH in C02 to give tert—butyl 5-methoxy(((28,4R)—2-(4- (methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)—4-methylpiperidinyl)methyl)methyl-1H-indolecarboxylate (peak- 1, tr = 4.1 min) and utyl 5-methoxy(((2R,4S)—2-(4-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl) methylpiperidinyl)methyl)methyl-1H-indolecarboxylate (peak-2, tr = 5.8 min).

Intermediate 5-2: Intermediate 5-2a; (i)-tert-butyl 5-methoxy(reI-(2S,4S)-(4-methoxy(4- (methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)piperidinyl)methyI)methyI-1H-indoIecarboxylate Boc/ reI-(28, 48) To a solution of tert—butyl 4-formylmethoxymethyl-1H-indolecarboxylate, Intermediate 1-3, (120 mg, 0.415 mmol) and thyl 4-(rel-(2S,4S)—4-methoxypiperidin yl)benzoate, Intermediate 2-12, (100 mg, 0.401 mmol) in DOE (2 mL) was added NaB(OAc)3H (400 mg, 1.887 mmol). The mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 17h. The e was then diluted with CH2C|2. The mixture was then washed successively with 5% aq. NaHC03, H20, and brine, dried over NaZSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by flash column tography on aminopropyl-functionalized silica gel (heptane/EtOAc = 94/6) to afford the title compound. MS (ESI+) m/z 523.4 (M+H).

Intermediate 5-2b; tert-butyl 5-methoxy((2R,4R)-(4-methoxy(4- xycarbonyl)phenyl)piperidiny|)methyl)methyl-1H-indolecarboxylate: and tertbutyl -methoxy((2S,4S)-(4-methoxy(4-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)piperidiny|)methyl)- 7-methyl-1H-indolecarboxylate: o o \O \O I I N 0’o O 0\ / \ / IN IN Boo 800 Resolution of the enantiomers of Intermediate 5-2a was achieved by chiral SFC using a CHIRALPAK® AD-H column with 15% (5mM NH4OH in MeOH) in 002 to afford tert—butyl 5- methoxy((2R,4R)—(4-methoxy(4-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)piperidinyl)methyl)methyl-1H- indolecarboxylate (peak-1, tr = 2.8 min) and tert—butyl 5-methoxy((2S,4S)—(4-methoxy(4- (methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)piperidinyl)methyl)methyl-1H-indolecarboxylate (peak-2, tr = 5.5 min).

The ing compounds were prepared from appropriate starting materials by similar methods bed above: chemical name e structure MS (m/z) starting material_ _ diate Conditions for the enantiomer separation rt—butyl 4-(rel—(2S,4S)—(4-ethoxy-2—(6- (methoxycarbonyl)pyridinyl)piperidin yl)methyl)methoxymethyl-1H-indole carboxylate Intermediate 1-3 and Intermediate 2-20 Resolution of the omers of Intermediate 51a was achieved by chiral SFC using a (R,R) Whelk-O®1 column with 40% MeOH in 002 to afford tert—butyl 4-(rel- (28,4S)—(4-ethoxy(6-(methoxycarbonyl)pyridinyl)piperidinyl)methyl)methoxy- 7-methyl-1H-indole—1-carboxylate (enantiomer-1 ) (peak-1, tr = 4.9 min) and tert—butyl 4- (rel-(2S,4S)—(4-ethoxy(6-(methoxycarbonyl)pyridinyl)piperidinyl)methyl) methoxymethyl-1H-indolecarboxylate (enantiomer-2) (peak-2, tr = 6.0 min). (i)—ten‘-butyl 5-methoxy((2-(4- (methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)—4,4- dimethylpiperidinyl)methyl)methyl-1H- indolecarboxylate Intermediate 1-3 and Intermediate 2-22 Resolution of the enantiomers of Intermediate 52a was achieved by chiral SFC using a CHIRALPAK® AD column with 20% (5mM NH4OH in MeOH) in 002 to afford tert—butyl 5-methoxy((2-(4-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)-4,4-dimethylpiperidin yl)methyl)—7-methyl-1H-indolecarboxylate iomer-1) (peak-1, tr = 2.4 min) and tert—butyl 5-methoxy((2-(4-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)-4,4-dimethylpiperidin yl)methyl)—7-methyl-1H-indolecarboxylate (enantiomer—2) 2, tr = 4.4 min). (i)—ten‘-butyl 4-(re/-(28,4S)—(2—(4- cyanophenyl)ethoxypiperidinyl)methyl)- -methoxymethyl-1H-indolecarboxylate Intermediate 1-3 and ediate 2-13b Resolution of the omers of Intermediate 53a was achieved by chiral SFC using a CHIRALPAK® AD-H column with 20% (10mM NH4OH in MeOH) in 002 to afford tert—butyl 4-(rel-(28,4S)—(2—(4-cyanophenyl)ethoxypiperidinyl)methyl)methoxy methyl-1H-indolecarboxylate )enantiomer—1) (peak-1, tr = 1.7 min) and tert—butyl 4- (rel-(2S,4S)—(2—(4-cyanophenyl)ethoxypiperidiny|)methyl)methoxy—7-methyl-1 H- indolecarboxylate (enantiomer—2) (peak-2, tr = 3.4 min).

Intermediate 6-1: Intermediate 6-1a; (i)-methyl 4-(1-((5,7-dimethyI-1H-indoly|)methyl)piperidinyl)benzoate A mixture of (i)—4-(1-((5,7-dimethyltosyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)piperidinyl)benzonitrile, Intermediate 311, (550 mg, 1.105 mmol) and KOH (500 mg, 8.91 mmol) in EtOH (8 mL) was stirred at 130 °C under the microwave irradiation for 2.5 hr. The reaction mixture was acidified by said. aq. citric acid. The mixture was then ted with CHZCIZ/TFE (ca. 9/1) two times. The 2014/046515 combined organic layers were then dried over NaZSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting residue was dissolved in toluene/MeOH (50mL/15 mL). To the mixture at 0 °C was added trimethylsilyldiazomethane EtZO (2M, 5 ml, 10 mmol). The mixture was then stirred at 0 °C for 1.5h.

The reaction was then quenched with acetic acid. The mixture was then diluted with EtOAc. The mixture was then washed successively with 5% aq. NaHCOs twice, H20, and brine, dried over , filtered, and then concentrated. The ing residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (heptane/EtOAc = 76/24) to afford the title compound. MS (ESI+) m/z 377.5 (M+H). ediate 6-1b; Resolution of the omers of (i)—methyl 4-(1-((5,7-dimethyl-1H-indol hyl)piperidinyl)benzoate, Intermediate 6-1 a, was achieved by chiral SFC using a CHIRALCEL® OJ-H column with 30% (0.2% DEA in MeOH) in 002 to give methyl 4-(1-((5,7- dimethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)piperidinyl)benzoate iomer—1) (peak-1, tr = 2.6 min) and methyl 4-(1-((5,7-dimethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)piperidinyl)benzoate (enantiomer—2) (peak-2, tr = 4.1 min).

Intermediate 6-2: Intermediate 6-2a; (i)-methyl 4-(reI-(2S,4S)ethoxy((5-methoxymethyI-1H-indoI yl)methyl)piperidinyl)benzoate H rel-(28,48) A mixture of (i)—ten‘-butyl 4-((rel-(2S,4S)—4-ethoxy(4-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)piperidin- 1-y|)methyl)methoxymethyl-1H-indolecarboxylate, Intermediate 4-3, (310 mg, 0.578 mmol) in MeOH (15 mL) and K2003 (639 mg, 4.62 mmol) was stirred for 3h under the reflux condition, and then concentrated. The resulting residue was then diluted with satd. aq. citric acid. The mixture was then extracted three times with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were then dried over NaZSO4, filtered, and then concentrated. The resulting residue in toluene (15 mL) and MeOH (5 mL) was added trimethylsilyldiazomethane (2M in EtZO, 2 mL, 2 mmol) dropwise. The e was stirred at room temperature for 0.25h. The reaction was then quenched with AcOH at 0 °C. The reaction mixture was diluted with 5% aq. NaHCOs. The mixture was then extracted three times with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by WO 09616 silica gel flash column chromatography (heptane/EtOAc = 1/0 to 1/7) to afford the title compound.

MS (ESI+) m/z 437.5 (M+H).

Intermediate 6-2b; methyl 4-((2$,4S)ethoxy((5-methoxymethyl-1H-indol yl)methyl)piperidinyl)benzoate and methyl 4-((2R,4R)ethoxy((5-methoxymethyl-1H- indolyl)methyl)piperidinyl)benzoate O O \O K \O K 0,,UO "‘0 O\ O\ / / N N H H Resolution of the enantiomers of thyl 4-(rel-(28,4S)—4-ethoxy((5-methoxymethyl- 1H-indoIyl)methy|)piperidiny|)benzoate, Intermediate 6-2a, was achieved by chiral SFC using a CHIRALPAK® AD-H column with 35% (5mM NH4OH in iPrOH) in 002 to afford methyl 4-((28,4S)— 4-ethoxy((5-methoxymethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)piperidinyl)benzoate (peak-1, tr = 1.9 min) and methyl 4-((2R,4R)—4-ethoxy((5-methoxymethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)piperidin-2— y|)benzoate (peak-2, tr = 3.4 min).

The following compounds were prepared from the appropriate intermediate by similar methods as described in the examples above: chemical name Structure MS (m/z) startIng materIal. .

Conditions for the omer separation thy| -(28,4S)—1-((5,7- dimethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl) ethoxypiperidinyl)benzoate Resolution of the enantiomers of (i)—methyl 4-(reI-(28,4S)((5,7-dimethyl-1H-indol y|)methyl)ethoxypiperidinyl)benzoate was achieved by chiral SFC using a CHIRALPAK® AD-H column with 40% (5mM NH4OH in iPrOH) in 002 to afford methyl 4- (rel-(28,4S)((5,7-dimethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)ethoxypiperidinyl)benzoate (enantiomer-1) (peak-1, tr = 1.7 min) and methyl 4-(re/-(28,4S)—1-((5,7-dimethyl-1H-indol- 4-yl)methyl)—4-ethoxypiperidinyl)benzoate (enantiomer-2) (peak-2, tr = 4.4 min). (i)—methy| 4-(rel-(2S,4S)—1-((5- \okQﬁj/J) cyclopropyImethyI-1H-indoI hyl)methoxypiperidin y|)benzoate ﬂ Intermediate 325 rel-(28,48) Resolution of the enantiomers of (i)—methyl 4-(rel-(2S,4S)—1-((5-cyclopropylmethyl-1H- indoIyl)methyl)methoxypiperidiny|)benzoate was achieved by chiral SFC using a CHIRALCEL® OJ-H column with 30% (5mM NH4OH in MeOH) in C02 to give methyl 4- (rel-(2S,4S)—1-((5-cyclopropylmethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)methoxypiperidin y|)benzoate (enantiomer—1) (peak-1, tr = 2.0 min) and methyl -(2S,4S)—1-((5- ropylmethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)methoxypiperidinyl)benzoate (enantiomer—2) (peak-2, tr = 4.3 min). (i)—methy| 4-(re/-(2S,4S)—1-((5- \o 0K cyclopropyImethyI-1H-indoI yl)methyl)—4-ethoxypiperidin y|)benzoate N lntermedIate 410.

H rel-(28,48) Resolution of the enantiomers of (i)—methyl 4-(rel-(2S,4S)—1-((5-cyclopropylmethyl-1H- indoIyl)methyl)—4-ethoxypiperidiny|)benzoate was achieved by chiral SFC using a CHIRALPAK® AD-H column with 40% (5mM NH4OH in iPrOH) in C02 to give methyl 4- 64b (rel-(2S,4S)—1-((5-cyclopropylmethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)ethoxypiperidin y|)benzoate iomer—1) (peak-1, tr = 1.3 min) and methyl 4-(rel-(2S,4S)—1-((5- cyclopropylmethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)—4-ethoxypiperidinyl)benzoate (enantiomer- 2) (peak-2, tr = 2.9 min).

Example-1: (i)((5,7-Dimethyl-1H-indoly|)methyl)phenylpiperidinol (diastereomer—1) H reomer-1 A mixture of (i)—1-((5,7-dimethyltosyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)—2-phenylpiperidinol ereomeric mixture), Intermediate 3-1, (200 mg, 0.409 mmol), KOH (100 mg, 1.782 mmol), and isoamylamine (200 uL, 1.721 mmol) in EtOH (5 mL) was stirred at 100 °C under the microwave irradiation for 1 hr. The reaction mixture was diluted with CH2C|2. The mixture was filtered through a plug of silica gel, which was rinsed with a e of CH2C|2/MeOH (ca. 6/1 ). The filtrate was concentrated. The resulting residue was ed by silica gel flash column chromatography (CH2C|2/MeOH = 93/7to 85/15) to afford, in respective elution order, (i)—1-((5,7-dimethyl-1H-indol yl)methyl)pheny|piperidinol (diastereomer—1) as Example-1 and diastereomer—2. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3CN) 6 9.12 (br. s., 1H), 7.53 (d, J=7.33 Hz, 2H), 7.38 (dd, J=7.33, 7.80 Hz, 2H), 7.26 - 7.32 (m, 1H), 7.16 (dd, J=2.80, 3.03 Hz, 1H), 6.71 (s, 1H), 6.56 (dd, J=2.02, 3.03 Hz, 1H), 3.63 (d, J=12.13 Hz, 1H), 3.53 - 3.60 (m, 1H), 3.14 - 3.19 (m, 1H), 3.12 (d, J=12.13 Hz, 1H), 2.80 (br. s., 1H), 2.59 - 2.65 (m, 1H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 2.25 (s, 3H), 1.96 - 2.05 (m, 1H), 1.87 - 1.91 (m, 1H), 1.68 - 1.75 (m, 1H), 1.56 - 1.67 (m, 1H), 1.21 - 1.34 (m, 1H); HRMS calcd. for C22H27N20 (M+H)+ 335.2123, found 335.2119.

Example-2: H reomer-2 Example-2a; (i)((5,7-dimethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)phenylpiperidinol (diastereomer—2) The title compound was isolated as the reomer—2 in the preparation of Example-1. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3CN) 6 9.09 (br. s., 1H), 7.54 (d, J=7.30 Hz, 2H), 7.37 (dd, J=7.30, 7.80 Hz, 2H), 7.23 - 7.32 (m, 1H), 7.12 - 7.21 (m, 1H), 6.71 (s, 1H), 6.55 - 6.63 (m, 1H), 3.91 - 4.00 (m, 1H), 3.66 (d, J=12.13 Hz, 1H), 3.53 (br. d, J=8.80 Hz, 1H), 3.23 (br. d, J=10.90 Hz, 1H), 2.64 (br. s., 1H), 2.31 - 2.48 (m, 5H), 2.27 (s, 3H), 1.84 -1.91 (m, 1H), 1.68 - 1.78 (m, 1H), 1.43 - 1.66 (m, 2H); HRMS calcd. for N20 (M+H)+ 335.2123, found 335.2123.

Example-2b; (+) and (-)((5,7-dimethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)phenylpiperidinol (diastereomer—2).

Resolution of the omers of ((5,7-dimethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl) phenylpiperidinol (diastereomer—2), Example-2a, was achieved by chiral SFC using a CHIRALPAK® AD-H column with 30% (10mM NH4OH in MeOH) in C02 to afford, in respective order, (+)((5,7-dimethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)—2-phenylpiperidinol (diastereomer—2) (peak-1, tr = 1.6 min) and (-)((5,7-dimethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)—2-phenylpiperidinol (diastereomer—2) (peak-2, tr = 3.0 min). e-3: (i)((5,7-Dimethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)phenylpiperidinol (diastereomer—1) H diastereomer-1 The title compound was synthesized from (i)—4-((4-methoxyphenylpiperidinyl)methyl)- ,7-dimethyltosyl-1H-indole (diastereomeric mixture), Intermediate 31, by similar manner to the preparation of Example-1. Separation of the diastereomers were achieved by silica gel flash column tography [heptane/(10% MeOH in EtOAc) = 77/23] to afford, in respective elution order, Example-3 (diastereomer—1), and diastereomer—2. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3CN) 5 9.09 (br. s., 1H), 7.54 (d, J=7.20 Hz, 2H), 7.38 (dd, J=7.20, 7.80 Hz, 2H), 7.26 - 7.31 (m, 1H), 7.16 (dd, J=2.80, 3.00 Hz, 1H), 6.71 (s, 1H), 6.54 - 6.57 (m, 1H), 3.62 (d, J=12.13 Hz, 1H), 3.19 - 3.29 (m, 4H), 3.10 - 3.18 (m, 2H), 2.64 (td, J=3.54, 11.87 Hz, 1H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 2.25 (s, 3H), 2.02 - 2.10 (m, 1H), 1.97 - 2.02 (m, 1H), 1.79 - 1.90 (m, 1H), 1.55 (dd, J=11.40, 12.13 Hz, 1H), 1.14 - 1.25 (m, 1H); HRMS calcd. for C23H29N20 (M+H)+ 349.2280, found 78.

Example-4: H diastereomer—2 Example-4a; (i)((4-methoxyphenylpiperidinyl)methyl)-5,7-dimethyl-1H-indole (diastereomer—2) The title compound was ed as the diastereomer—2 in the preparation of Example-3. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3CN) 5 9.08 (br. s., 1H), 7.54 (d, J=7.33 Hz, 2H), 7.37 (dd, , 7.80 Hz, 2H), 7.25 - 7.30 (m, 1H), 7.14 - 7.17 (m, 1H), 6.70 (s, 1H), 6.58 (dd, J=2.02, 3.03 Hz, 1H), 3.63 (d, J=12.13 Hz, 1H), 3.45 - 3.50 (m, 1H), 3.41 (dd, J=3.41, 11.24 Hz, 1H), 3.27 (s, 3H), 3.19 (d, J=12.13 Hz, 1H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 2.32 - 2.37 (m, 1H), 2.21 - 2.31 (m, 4H), 1.78 - 1.91 (m, 2H), 1.70 - 1.77 (m, 1H), 1.45 - 1.54 (m, 1H); HRMS calcd. for C23H29N20 (M+H)+ 349.2280, found 349.2276.

Example-4b; (+) and (-)((4-methoxyphenylpiperidinyl)methyl)-5,7-dimethyl-1H-indole (diastereomer—2) Resolution of the enantiomers of (i)—4-((4-methoxyphenylpiperidinyl)methyl)-5,7- dimethyl-1H—indole (diastereomer—2), Example-4a, was achieved by chiral SFC using a CHIRALPAK® lB column with 30% (10mM NH4OH in iPrOH) in C02 to afford, in respective elution order, (+)((4-methoxyphenylpiperidinyl)methyl)-5,7-dimethyl-1H-indole (diastereomer-2) (peak-1, tr = 3.1 min) and (-)((4-methoxyphenylpiperidinyl)methyl)-5,7-dimethyl-1H-indole (diastereomer—2)(peak-2, tr = 4.3 min).

The following Examples were synthesized from appropriate starting materials by ng similar methods described in the examples above: Chemical name Exam starting als p_|e structure NMR; HRMS (i)—5,7-dimethyl((2-phenylpiperidinyl)methyl)-1H-indole Intermediate 34 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD2C|2) 6 ppm 8.04 (br. s., 1 H), 7.53 (d, J=7.1 Hz, 2 H), 7.36 (app.t, J=7.3 Hz, 2 H), 7.26 (app.t, J=7.2 Hz, 1 H), — N 7.16 (br. s., 1 H), 6.74 (s, 1 H), 6.68 (br. s., 1 H), 3.72 (d, J=12.4 Hz, 1 H), 3.15 (d, J=12.4 Hz, 1 H), 3.00 - 3.10 (m, 1 H), 2.72 (d, J=10.9 Hz, 1 N H), 2.40 (s, 3 H), 2.31 (s, 3 H), 1.94 (t, J=11.4 Hz, 1 H), 1.65 - H 1.79 (m, 3 H), 1.26 - 1.47 (m, 3 H); HRMS ca|cd. for N2 (M+H)+ 318.2096, found 318.2105. (i)—1-((5,7-dimethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)phenyl-piperidinyl)methanol (diastereomer—1) Intermediate 35 1H NMR (TFA salt, 400 MHz, D20) 6 7.47-7.67 (m, 5H), 7.25 (d, -2 @waN J=3.03 Hz, 1H), 6.78 (s, 1H), 6.12 (br. s., 1H), 4.40 (br. dd, J=2.90, 12.30 Hz, 1H), 4.23 (d, J=13.60 Hz, 1H), 4.07 (d, J=13.60 Hz, 1H), 3.39 (d, J=6.32 HZ, 2H), .38 (m, 1H), 3.18-3.29 (m, 1H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 2.05-2.13 (m, 1H), 1.91-2.03 (m, 4H), 1.77-1.89 (m, 2H), H 1.24-1.38 (m, 1H); HRMS ca|cd. for C23H29N20 (M+H)+ 349.2280, reomer-1 found 349.2265. (i)—1-((5,7-dimethy|—1H-indoIyl)methyl)pheny|—piperidiny|)methano| (diastereomer—2) Intermediate 36 QC)OH 1H NMR (TFA salt, 400 MHZ, D20) 6 7.49-7.63 (m, 5H), 7.26 (d, N J=3.03 Hz, 1H), 6.78 (s, 1H), 6.12 (br. s., 1H), 4.46 (dd, J=2.65, 13.26 Hz, 1H), 4.20 (d, 0 Hz, 1H), 4.10 (d, J=13.40 Hz, 1H), L 3.77 (d, J=7.83 Hz, 2H), 3.15-3.29 (m, 2H), 2.26-2.40 (m, 4H), 1.95- H 2.14 (m, 5H), 1.70-1.90 (m, 2H); HRMS calcd. for C23H29N20 diastereomer-Z (M+H)+ 349.2280, found 349.2270. (i)—4-(1-((5,7-dimethyI-1H-indoIyl)methyl)piperidiny|)benzenesu|fonamide Intermediate 37 (isolated as a single regioisomer) 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD2C|2) 5 8.11 (br. s., 1H), 7.91 (d, J=8.46 Hz, 2H), 7.75 (br. d, J=8.10 Hz, 2H), 7.22 (dd, J=2.70, 2.80 Hz, 1H), 6.79 (s, 1H), 6.66-6.74 (m, 1H), 4.84 (br. s., 2H), 3.71 (d, J=12.25 Hz, 1H), 3.26 (d, J=12.38 Hz, 1H), 3.22 (dd, J=2.91, 10.74 Hz, 1H), 2.74-2.83 (m, 1H), 2.45 (s, 3H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 1.96-2.05 (m, 1H), 1.64-1.85 (m, 3H), 1.38-1.54 (m, 2H), 1.37 (d, J=4.55 Hz, 1H); HRMS calcd. for C22H28N3038 (M+H)+ 398.1902, found 398.1893. (i)—3-(1-((5,7-dimethyI-1H-indoIyl)methyl)piperidiny|)benzenesu|fonamide Intermediate 37 (isolated as a single somer) 1H NMR (TFA salt, 400 MHz, CD30D)610.79(br.s., 1H), 8.21 (s, 1H), 8.11 (td, J=1.47, 7.80 Hz, 1H), 7.87 (br. d, J=7.80 Hz, 1H), 7.77-7.82 (m, 1H), 7.30-7.33 (m, 1H), 6.83 (s, 1H), 6.34 (d, J=3.03 Hz, 1H), 4.58-4.65 (m, 1H), 4.26- 4.35 (m, 2H), 3.54 (br. d, J=11.40 Hz, 1H), 3.36-3.41 (m, 1H), 2.45 (s, 3H), 2.10-2.22 (m, 5H), 1.76-2.02 (m, 4H); HRMS calcd. for N3038 (M+H)+ 398.1902, found 398.1884.

Intermediate 38 (isolated as a single regioisomer) 1H NMR (TFA salt, 400 MHz, CD30D) 6 8.05 (d, J=8.59 Hz, 2H), 7.86 (d, J=8.46 Hz, 2H), 7.32 (d, J=3.16 Hz, 1H), 6.83 (s, 1H), 6.34 (d, J=3.03 Hz, 1H), 4.58-4.64 (m, 1H), 4.34 (d, J=13.40 Hz, 1H), 4.27 (d, J=13.40 Hz, 1H), 3.50-3.60 (m, 1H), 3.33-3.42 (m, 1H), 2.58 (s, 3H), 2.45 (s, 3H), 2.08-2.21 (m, 5H), .04 (m, 4H); HRMS calcd. for C23H30N3028 (M+H)+ 412.2059, found 412.2048. (i)—3-(1-((5,7-dimethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)piperidinyl)-N-methylbenzenesulfonamide Intermediate 38 (isolated as a single regioisomer) 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) 6 .80 (br. s., 1H), 8.18 (s, 1H), 8.00-8.06 (m, 1H), 7.90 (br. d, J=7.70 Hz, 1H), 7.83 (app. t, J=7.70 Hz, 1H), 7.31 (dd, J=2.80, 2.90 Hz, 1H), 6.83 (s, 1H), .38 (m, 1H), 4.59-4.66 (m, 1H), 4.34 (d, J=13.30 Hz, 1H), 4.28 (d, J=13.30 Hz, 1H), 3.54 (br. d, J=12.80 Hz, 1H), 3.35-3.42 (m, 1H), 2.51 (s, 3H), 2.45 (s, 3H), 2.11-2.20 (m, 5H), 1.75-2.02 (m, 4H); HRMS calcd. for N3028 (M+H)+ 412.2059, found 412.2048. (i)—4-((2-(4-fluorophenyl)—4-methoxypiperidiny|)methyl)—5,7-dimethyl-1H-indole Intermediate 39 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD2C|2) 6 8.08 (br. s., 1 H), 7.44 - 7.57 (m, 2 H), 7.17 (t, J=2.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.07 (t, J=8.8 Hz, 2 H), 6.75 (s, 1 H), 6.62 (dd, J=3.2, 2.1 Hz, 1 H), 3.68 (d, J=12.4 Hz, 1 H), 3.28 (s, 3 H), 3.19 - 3.26 (m, 1 H), 3.08 - 3.17 (m, 2 H), 2.74 (dt, J=11.9, 3.5 Hz, 1 H), 2.41 (s, 3 H), 2.28 (s, 3 H), 2.04 - 2.15 (m, 1 H), 1.98 (td, J=12.3, 2.3 Hz, 1 H), 1.80 - 1.90 (m, 1 H), 1.50 - 1.64 (m, 2 H), 1.23 - 1.39 (m, 1 H); HRMS calcd. for FN20 (M+H)+ 367.2186, found 367.2174. (i)—(1-((5,7-dimethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)—2-phenylpiperidinyl)methanol Intermediate 310 1H NMR (400 MHz, a) 510.78 (br. s., 1 H), 7.71 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 2 H), 7.31 (t, J=7.7 Hz, 2 H), 7.15 - 7.24 (m, 2 H), 5.55 - 5.71 (m, 1 H), 5.54 (s, 1 H), 4.52 (t, J=4.7 Hz, 1 H), 3.90-4.07 (m, 3 H), 3.80 - 3.89 (m, 2 H), 2.37 (s, 3 H), 2.29 (s, 3 H), 1.98 - 2.13 (m, 1 H), 1.71 - 1.85 (m, 1 H), 1.52- 1.57 (m, 2 H), 1.41 - 1.51 (m, 1 H), 1.25 - 1.35 (m, 1 H), 1.05 - 1.20 (m, 1 H) (i)—(4-(1-((5,7-dimethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)piperidinyl)phenyl)methanol Intermediate 3-3 1H NMR (TFA salt, 400 MHZ, CD3CN) 6 9.45 (br. s., 1H), 9.10 (br. s., 1H), 7.71 - 7.89 (m, 2H), 7.50 (d, J=8.34 Hz, 2H), 7.29 (app. t, J=2.91 Hz, 1H), 6.80 (s, 1H), 6.37 - 6.46 (m, 1H), 4.64 (s, 2H), 4.26 - 4.33 (m, 1H), 4.24 (d, J=13.50 Hz, 1H), 4.01 - 4.12 (m, 1H), 3.34 (d, J=12.38 Hz, 1H), 3.03 - 3.17 (m, 1H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 2.30 - 2.39 (m, 1H), 2.13 (s, 3H), 1.95 - 2.05 (m, 2H), 1.83 - 1.90 (m, 1H),1.71 - 1.79 (m, 1H), 1.55 (td, J=3.74, 13.23 Hz, 1H); HRMS calcd. for cstngzo (M+H)+ 349.2280, found 349.2278. 2014/046515 (i)—5,7-dimethyl((2-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)piperidinyl)methyl)-1H-indole Intermediate 318 /S\©\© 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDZCIZ) 6 8.12 (br. s., 1H), 7.91 (d, J=8.34 Hz, 2H), 7.78 (d, J=8.08 Hz, 2H), 7.22 (dd, J=2.80, 3.00 Hz, 1H), 6.78 ‘1" A A (s, 1H), 6.70 (dd, J=2.27, 3.03 Hz, 1H), 3.70 (d, 8 Hz, 1H), 3.27 (d, J=12.38 Hz, 1H), 3.20 - 3.24 (m, 1H), 3.06 (s, 3H), 2.74 - / 2.82 (m, 1H), 2.44 (s, 3H), 2.35 (s, 3H), 1.96 - 2.05 (m, 1H), 1.75 - N 1.85 (m, 2H), 1.64 - 1.75 (m, 1H), 1.38 - 1.53 (m, 3H); HRMS calcd. for CstngzOzS (IVI'I'H)+ 397.1950, found 397H1936 ((2-(4-(2H-tetrazo|y|)pheny|)piperidiny|)methyI)-5,7-dimethyl-1H-indole ,N=N Intermediate 4-15 HN\ / 1H NMR (TFA salt, 400 MHz, CD30D) 6 10.80 (br. s., 1H), 8.28 (d, I A N J=8.34 HZ, 2H), 7.86 (d, J=8.34 HZ, 2H), 7.32 (dd, J=2.80, 2.90 HZ, 1H), 6.83 (s, 1H), 6.35 - 6.40 (m, 1H), 4.57 - 4.63 (m, 1H), 4.31 - / 4.40 (m, 2H), 3.55 (br. d, J=12.50 Hz, 1H), 3.36 - 3.42 (m, 1H), 2.45 N (S, 3H), 2.11 - 2.25 (m, 5H), 1.77 - 2.04 (m, 4H); HRMS calcd. for H C23H27N5 (M+H)+ 387.2297, found 387.2281.

Example-6: (i)((5,7-DimethyI-1H-indoly|)methyI)pheny|piperidinamine (diastereomer—1) H diastereomer-1 A mixture of (i)—benzyl (1-((5,7-dimethyltosyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)—2-phenylpiperidin y|)carbamate (diastereomer—1), Intermediate 32, (100 mg, 0.161 mmol) and KOH (100 mg, 1.782 mmol) in EtOH (5 mL)/H20 (0.7 mL) was stirred at 130°C under the microwave irradiation for 0.5h. The reaction mixture was diluted with CH2C|2. The mixture was ed through a plug of silica gel, which was rinsed with a mixture of CH2C|2/MeOH (ca. 6/1 ). The combined organic layers were concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by C (HC-A) to afford the title compound. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) 6 7.54 (br. d, J=7.30 Hz, 2H), 7.36 (dd, J=7.30, 7.60 Hz, 2H), 7.25 - 7.31 (m, 1H), 7.15 (d, J=3.03 Hz, 1H), 6.68 (s, 1H), 6.55 (d, J=3.03 Hz, 1H), 3.77 (d, J=12.38 Hz, 1H), 3.55 (dd, J=2.91, 11.49 Hz, 1H), 3.30 (d, J=12.38 Hz, 1H), 3.17 - 3.22 (m, 1H), 2.64 (td, J=3.92, 12.38 Hz, 1H), 2.46 (dt, J=2.78, 12.51 Hz, 1H), 2.40 (s, 3H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 2.04 - 2014/046515 2.12 (m, 1H), 1.78 - 1.88 (m, 1H), 1.71 - 1.78 (m, 1H), 1.48 - 1.58 (m, 1H); HRMS calcd. for czszgN3 (M+H)+ 334.2283, found 334.2272.

Example-7: (i)((5,7-Dimethyl-1H-indoly|)methyl)phenylpiperidinamine (diastereomer—2) H diastereomer—2 The title compound was synthesized from (i)—benzyl (1-((5,7-dimethyltosyl-1H-indol y|)methy|)pheny|piperidiny|)carbamate (diastereomer—2), Intermediate 33, analogously to the preparation of Example-6. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) 6 7.53 (br. d, J=7.10 Hz, 2H), 7.37 (dd, , 8.10 Hz, 2H), 7.26 - 7.32 (m, 1H), 7.14 (d, J=3.15 Hz, 1H), 6.67 (s, 1H), 6.50 (d, J=3.15 Hz, 1H), 3.71 (d, J=12.10 Hz, 1H), 3.17 (dd, J=2.65, 11.49 Hz, 1H), 3.13 (d, J=12.10 Hz, 1H), 2.75 - 2.87 (m, 2H), 2.40 (s, 3H), 2.23 (s, 3H), 2.08 (dt, J=2.53, 12.25 Hz, 1H), 1.88 - 1.95 (m, 1H), 1.68 - 1.76 (m, 1H), 1.57 - 1.68 (m, 1H), 1.29 - 1.41 (m, 1H); HRMS calcd. for C22H28N3 (M+H)+ 334.2283, found 334.2271.

Example-8: (i)(1-((5,7-Dimethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)piperidinyl)benzamide A mixture of (i)—4-(1-((5,7-dimethyltosyl-1H-indolyl)methy|)piperidinyl)benzonitrile, Intermediate 311, (100 mg, 0.201 mmol) and KOH (100 mg, 1.782 mmol) in EtOH (2 mL) was stirred at 100 °C under the microwave ation for 1 hr. The reaction mixture was then acidified with AcOH by pH= ca. 6. The resulted mixture was directly purified by RP-HPLC (HC-A) to afford (1-((5,7-dimethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)piperidinyl)benzamide as Example-8, and the corresponding carboxylic acid. 1H NMR (TFA salt, 400 MHz, D20) 6 7.81 (d, J=8.34 Hz, 2H), 7.60 (br. d, J=7.80 Hz, 2H), 7.20 (d, J=3.03 Hz, 1H), 6.68 - 6.73 (m, 1H), 6.08 (br. s., 1H), 4.32 - 4.39 (m, 1H), 4.12 (d, J=13.60 Hz, 1H), 4.06 (d, J=13.60 Hz, 1H), 3.28 (d, J=12.13 Hz, 1H), 3.08 - 3.17 (m, 1H), 2.25 (s, 3H), 1.89 - 2.03 (m, 5H), 1.74 - 1.82 (m, 1H), 1.65 - 1.74 (m, 1H), 1.45 - 1.62 (m, 2H); HRMS calcd. for cstngso (M+H)+ 362.2232, found 362.2221.

The following es were sized from appropriate starting materials by applying similar methods described in the examples above: Chemical name a Starting material Chemical_ mple Strucwre NMR and HRMS (i)—4-(1-((5-chloromethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)piperidinyl)benzamide O Intermediate 312 1 H NMR (TFA salt, 400 MHz, CD30D)611.20(br.s., 1H), 8.07 — (d, J=8.40 Hz, 2H), 7.75 (d, J=8.34 Hz, 2H), 7.41 - 7.46 (m, 1H), 7.04 (s, 1H), 6.44 (br. s., 1H), 4.58 (dd, J=4.55, 10.86 Hz, 1H), / 4.37 - 4.46 (m, 2H), 3.49 - 3.55 (m, 1H), 3.38 - 3.46 (m, 1H), N 2.49 (s, 3H), 2.07 - 2.24 (m, 2H), 1.72 - 2.03 (m, 4H); HRMS calcd. for 022H25N300| (M+H)+ 382.1686, found 79. (i)—4-(rel—(28,4S)—1-((5,7-dimethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)—4-methoxypiperidin y|)benzamide 0 Intermediate 315 0 1H NMR (TFA salt, 400 MHz, CDsCN)610.82(br.s., 1H), 8.10 Q N (br. d, J=8.10 Hz, 2H), 7.76 (br. d, J=8.30 Hz, 2H), 7.32 (br. s., 1H), 6.83 (s, 1H), 6.36 (br. s., 1H), 4.40 (d, J=13.30 Hz, 1H), / 4.27 (d, J=13.30 Hz, 1H), 3.74 (br. s., 1H), 3.54 - 3.65 (m, 1H), H 3.45 (s, 3H), 3.36 - 3.42 (m, 1H), 2.45 (s, 3H), 2.27 - 2.35 (m, rel-(28,48) 2H), 2.08 - 2.20 (m, 4H), 1.88 - 1.99 (m, 1H); HRMS calcd. for Cz4H30N302 (IVI'I'H)+ 392.2338, found 392H2328 Example-10: (4-Methoxy((5-methoxymethyl-1H-indoly|)methyl)methylpiperidin yl)benzamide (single diastereomer) N single H diastereomer A mixture of Ba(OH)2 (97 mg, 0.347 mmol) and (i)—ten‘-butyl 4-((2-(4-cyanophenyl) methoxymethylpiperidiny|)methyl)methoxymethyl-1H-indolecarboxylate (single diastereomer), ediate 49, (35 mg, 0.069 mmol) in iPrOH/HZO (2 mL/2 mL) was stirred at 100 °C for 2h under the microwave irradiation. The reaction e was then acidified with AcOH until pH around 7. The resulting mixture was purified by RP-HPLC (HC-B) to afford the title compound. 1H NMR (400MHz, CD30D) 6 7.93 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 2H), 7.67 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 2H), 7.19 (d, J=2.6 Hz, 1H), 6.68 (s, 1H), 6.43 (d, J=2.9 Hz, 1H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.43 - 3.39 (m, 2H), 3.21 - 3.16 (m, 3H), 2.95 (br. s., 1H), 2.45 (s, 3H), 2.26 (br. s., 1H), 1.88 - 1.68 (m, 3H), 1.67 - 1.57 (m, 1H), 1.37 (s, 3H); HRMS calcd. for N303 (M+H)+ 422.2444, found 422.2459.

Example-11 (i)(reI-(2S,4S)((5,7-dimethyl-1H-indoly|)methyl)hydroxypiperidinyl)benzoic acid H rel-28,48 A mixture of (i)—4-(rel—(2S,4S)—1-((5,7-dimethyltosyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)—4- hydroxypiperidinyl)benzonitrile, Intermediate 313, (144 mg, 0.28 mmol), KOH (100 mg, 1.782 mmol), and isoamylamine (100 uL, 0.860 mmol) in EtOH (2 mL) was stirred at 130 °C under the microwave irradiation for 2.5 hr. The reaction mixture was then acidified by AcOH by pH around 6.

The mixture was purified by RP HPLC (HC-A) to afford the title compound. 1H NMR (TFA salt, 400 MHz, D20) 6 8.02 (br. d, J=8.60 Hz, 2H), 7.65 (br. d, J=7.80 Hz, 2H), 7.26 (d, J=3.03 Hz, 1H), 6.77 (s, 1H), 6.17 (br. s., 1H), 4.72 - 4.79 (m, 1H), 4.15 - 4.21 (m, 3H), 3.46 - 3.57 (m, 1H), 3.15 - 3.26 (m, 1H), 2.27 - 2.39 (m, 4H), 2.05 - 2.14 (m, 1H), 2.01 (s, 3H), 1.71 - 1.94 (m, 2H); HRMS calcd. for C23H27N203 (M+H)+ 379.2022, found 379.2012.

Example-12: (i)(reI-(2S,4R)((5,7-dimethyl-1H-indoly|)methyl)hydroxypiperidinyl)benzoic acid H rel-2S,4R The title compound was synthesized from (i)—4-(rel—(2S,4R)—1-((5,7-dimethyltosyl-1 H- indolyl)methyl)hydroxypiperidinyl)benzonitrile, Intermediate , analogously to the preparation of Example-11. H NMR (400 MHz, D20) 6 8.07 (d, J=8.60 Hz, 2H), 7.65 (br. d, J=7.60 Hz, 2H), 7.23 (d, J=3.03 Hz, 1H), 6.71 (s, 1H), 6.07 (br. s., 1H), 4.53 (dd, , 12.76 Hz, 1H), 3.95 - 4.12 (m, 3H), 3.32 - 3.41 (m, 1H), 3.20 - 3.32 (m, 1H), 2.25 - 2.33 (m, 4H), 1.98 - 2.12 (m, 2H), 1.94 (br. s, 3H), 1.51 - 1.69 (m, 1H); HRMS calcd. for C23H27N203 (M+H)+ 379.2022, found 379.2014. (i)(1-((5-Chloromethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)piperidinyl)benzoic acid H The title compound was sized from (i)—4-(1-((5-chloromethyltosyl-1H-indol yl)methyl)piperidinyl)benzonitrile, Intermediate 312, analogously to the preparation of Example-11. 1H NMR (TFA salt, 400 MHz, CD30D) 6 8.21 (d, J=8.34 Hz, 2H), 7.76 (d, J=8.34 Hz, 2H), 7.44 (d, J=3.03 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (s, 1H), 6.44 (d, J=3.03 Hz, 1H), 4.59 (dd, J=4.80, 10.36 Hz, 1H), 4.41 (s, 2H), 3.49 - 3.55 (m, 1H), 3.38 - 3.46 (m, 1H), 2.49 (s, 3H), 2.08 - 2.22 (m, 2H), 1.69 - 2.02 (m, 4H); HRMS calcd. for C22H24N202C| (M+H)+ 383.1526, found 383.1525.

Example-14: H rel-28,48 Example-14a; (i)-methyl 4-(reI-(2S,4S)((5,7-dimethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl) methoxypiperidinyl)benzoate A mixture of (i)—4-(rel—(2S,4S)—1-((5,7-dimethyltosyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)—4- methoxypiperidinyl)benzonitrile, Intermediate , (320 mg, 0.606 mmol), KOH (400 mg, 7.13 mmol), and isoamylamine (0.5 mL, 4.30 mmol) in EtOH (5 mL) was stirred at 130 °C under the microwave irradiation for 2.5 hr. The reaction mixture was diluted with H20. The mixture was then acidified by half satd. aq. citric acid. The e was then extracted three times with CH2C|2/TFE (ca. 9/1). The combined organic layers were then dried over NaZSO4, filtered, and concentrated.

The ing e was dissolved in toluene (4 mL)/MeOH (1 mL). To the mixture was then added trimethylsilyldiazomethane in EtZO (1 mL, 2 mmol) se. The mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 2h. The reaction was quenched with AcOH. The mixture was then diluted with EtOAc. The organic phase was then washed successively with 5% aq. NaHCOs twice, H20, brine, dried over Na2804, filtered, and concentrated. The ing residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography (heptane/EtOAc = 67/33) to afford the title compound. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3CN) 6 9.09 (br. s., 1H), 7.99 (d, J=8.34 Hz, 2H), 7.65 (br. d, J=8.10 Hz, 2H), 7.17 (app. t, J=2.78 Hz, 1H), 6.71 (s, 1H), 6.57 (dd, J=2.02, 3.03 Hz, 1H), 3.85 (s, 3H), 3.60 (d, J=12.10 Hz, 1H), 3.45 - 3.54 (m, 2H), 3.21 - 3.29 (m, 4H), 2.34 - 2.40 (m, 4H), 2.23 - 2.33 (m, 4H), 1.86 - 1.91 (m, 1H), 1.79 - 1.85 (m, 1H), 1.70 - 1.78 (m, 1H), 1.45 - 1.56 (m, 1H); HRMS calcd. for C25H31N203 (M+H)+ 407.2335, found 26.

Example-14b; (+) and (-)-methyl 4-(reI-(2S,4S)((5,7-dimethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl) ypiperidinyl)benzoate Resolution of the enantiomers of (i)—methyl 4-(rel-(2S,4S)—1-((5,7-dimethyl-1H-indol yl)methyl)methoxypiperidinyl)benzoate was achieved by chiral SFC using a CHIRALCEL® OJ- H column with 30% (10mM NH4OH in MeOH) in C02 to afford methyl 4-(re/-(2S,4S)—1-((5,7- dimethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)methoxypiperidinyl)benzoate (enantiomer-1) (peak-1, tr = 2.4 min) and methyl 4-(rel-(2S,4S)—1-((5,7-dimethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)methoxypiperidin yl)benzoate (enantiomer—2) (peak-2, tr = 3.4 min).

Example-15: thyl 4-(reI-(28,4R)((5,7-dimethyl-1H-indoly|)methyl)methoxypiperidin yl)benzoate H rel-2S,4R The title compound was synthesized from (i)—4-(re/—(2S,4R)—1-((5,7-dimethyltosyl-1H- indolyl)methyl)methoxypiperidinyl)benzonitrile, Intermediate 316, analogously to the preparation of Example-14. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3CN) 6 9.03 (br. s., 1H), 7.92 (d, J=8.59 Hz, 2H), 7.57 (br. d, J=8.08 Hz, 2H), 7.09 (app. t, J=2.78 Hz, 1H), 6.63 (s, 1H), 6.46 (dd, J=2.02, 3.03 Hz, 1H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.50 (d, J=12.25 Hz, 1H), 3.12-3.22 (m, 5H), 3.09 (d, J=12.25 Hz, 1H), 2.52- 2.62 (m, 1H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.17 (s, 3H), 1.89-2.03 (m, 2H), 1.73-1.82 (m, 1H), 1.38-1.49 (m, 1H), 1.06-1.20 (m, 1H); HRMS calcd. for N203 (M+H)+ 407.2335, found 407.2334.

Example-16: (-)-(S)(1-((5-cyclopropylmethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)piperidinyl)fluorobenzoic acid HO)E©F A mixture of (S)—ten‘-butyl 5-cyclopropyl((2-(3-f|uoro(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)piperidin- 1-yl)methyl)methyl-1H-indolecarboxylate, Intermediate 322, (370 mg, 0.711 mmol) and LiOH in H20 (2 mL, 2 mmol) in THF (1 mL)/MeOH (1 mL) was stirred at 70 °C for 6.5h. The on mixture was cooled down to room temperature. The mixture was then acidified with AcOH.

The mixture was then partially concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by RP-HPLC (HC- B) to afford the title compound. 1H NMR (400 MHz, D20) 6 7.77 (app. t, J=7.83 Hz, 1H), 7.42 - 7.53 (m, 2H), 7.41 (d, J=3.28 Hz, 1H), 6.74 (s, 1H), 6.36 (br. s., 1H), 4.50 (br. d, J=12.60 Hz, 1H), 4.09 - 4.37 (m, 2H), 3.41 (br. d, 0 Hz, 1H), 3.11 (br. s., 1H), 2.44 (s, 3H), 2.09 (br. s, 2H), 1.90 - 1.98 (m, 1H), 1.79 - 1.89 (m, 1H), 1.62 - 1.79 (m, 3H), 0.91 (br. s., 1H), 0.76 (br. s., 1H), 0.49 (br. s., 1H), 0.21 (br. s., 1H); HRMS calcd. for C25H28N202F (M+H)+ 407.2135, found 407.2124. 2014/046515 The following examples were synthesized from the appropriate starting material by applying similar methods described in the examples above: Chemical name Exam M Starting material Chemical structure NMR and MS (-)-(S)—4-(1-((5-cyclopropylmethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)piperidinyl)benzoic acid ediate 319 1H NMR (400 MHz, D20) 6 7.78 (br. d, J=8.00 Hz, 2H), 7.48 (br. d, J=8.00 Hz, 2H), 7.18 (d, J=2.90 Hz, 1H), 6.49 (s, 1H), 8.20 (br. d, J=2.90 Hz, 1H), 3.99 - 4.19 (m, 1H), 3.55 - 3.85 (m, 2H), 3.07 (br. d, J=11.10 Hz, 1H), 2.88 (br. s, 1H), 2.23 (s, 3H), 1.79 (br. s., 2H), 1.84 - 1.74 (m, 1H), 1.47 - 1.83 (m, 2H), 1.32 - 1.48 (m, 2H), 0.59 - 0.72 (m, 1H), 0.45 - 0.59 (m, 1H), 0.07 - 0.21 (m, 1H), 0.22 - 0.03 (m, 1H); HRMS calcd. for CZ5H29N202 (M+H)+ 29, found 389.2216.

Intermediate 320 1H NMR (400 MHz, D20) 6 7.88 (d, J=8.20 Hz, 2H), 7.50 (d, J=8.20 Hz, 2H), 7.37 (d, J=3.28 Hz, 1H), 6.64 (s, 1H), 6.30 (br. s., 1H), 4.54 (d, J=13.39 Hz, 1H), 4.41 (d, J=7.07 Hz, 2H), 3.50 (d, J=7.58 Hz, 1H), 3.40 (br. s., 1H), 2.47 - 2.65 (m, 1H), 2.39 (s, 3H), / 1.99 - 2.32 (m, 3H), 1.54 (br. s., 1H), 0.75 - 0.88 (m, 1H), 0.61 - N 0.74 (m, 1H), 0.46 (br. s., 1H), 0.12 - 0.33 (m, 1H); HRMS calcd. for CZ4H27N202 (M+H)+ 375.2073, found 375.2071.

Intermediate 321 1H NMR (600 MHz, CDgOD) o 8.66 (s, 1H), 7.81 - 8.07 (m, 2H), 7.16 (d, J=3.12 Hz, 1H), 6.56 (d, J=3.10 Hz, 1H), 6.52 (s, 1H), 3.89 (d, J=12.29 Hz, 1H), 3.41 (d, J=12.30 Hz, 1H), 3.22 - 3.27 (m, 1H), 2.92 (d, J=11.28 Hz, 1H), 2.39 (s, 3H), 1.99 - 2.22 (m, 2H), 1.88 - 1.89 (m, 3H), 1.51 - 1.85 (m, 2H), 1.38 - 1.50 (m, 1H), 0.77 - 0.89 (m, 1H), 0.64 - 0.74 (m, 1H), 0.49 - 0.59 (m, 1H), 0.11 - 0.19 (m, 1H). HRMS calcd. for CZ4H28N302 (M+H)+ 390.2182, found 390.2168.

(-)-(S)—4-(1-((5-cyc|opropyImethyl-1H-indoIyl)methyl)piperidinyl)—3-methoxybenzoic acid Intermediate 323 1H NMR (HCI salt, 400 MHz, 00300003) 6 9.99 (br. s., 1H), 7.83 (d, J=7.80 Hz, 1H), 7.74 (dd, J=1.30, 8.00 Hz, 1H), 7.71 (d, J=1.34 Hz, 1H), 7.20 - 7.31 (m, 1H), 6.76 (dd, J=2.02, 3.12 Hz, 1H), 6.57 (s, 1H), 3.95 - 4.03 (m, 4H), 3.85 (dd, J=3.18, 10.51 Hz, 1H), 3.45 (d, J=12.23 Hz, 1H), 2.90 (d, J=11.74 Hz, 2H), 2.43 (s, 3H), 2.28 - 2.38 (m, 1H), 1.62 - 1.82 (m, 3H), 1.35 - 1.60 (m, 3H), 0.80 - 0.92 (m, 1H), 0.62 - 0.79 (m, 2H), 0.19 - 0.29 (m, 1H); HRMS calcd. for 025H31N203 (M+H)+ 419.2335, found 419.2318.

Intermediate 425 1H NMR (400 MHz, 020) 6 7.81 (d, J=8.20 Hz, 2H), 7.44 (d, I7.A 01 J=8.20 Hz, 2H), 7.15 (d, J=3.03 Hz, 1H), 6.55 (s, 1H), 6.06 (d, J=3.03 Hz, 1H), 3.70 - 3.92 (m, 2H), 3.46 (s, 3H), 3.41 (d, 3 Hz, 1H), 3.02 (br. d, J=11.90 Hz, 1H), 2.49 - 2.74 (m, J=11.00, 11.00 Hz, 1H), 2.23 (s, 3H), 1.62 - 1.85 (m, 3H), 1.25 - 1.62 (m, 3H); HRMS calcd. for 023H27N203 (M+H)+ 379.2022, found 379.2021.

Intermediate 41 1H NMR (400 MHz, 002012) 6 8.55 (d, J=4.55 Hz, 2H), 8.10 (br. s., 1H), 7.50 (br. s., 2H), 7.21 (dd, J=2.50, 2.80 Hz, 1H), 6.69 (s, 1H), 6.55 - 6.66 (m, 1H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.69 (d, J=11.90 Hz, 1H), 3.25 (d, J=12.13 Hz, 1H), 3.11 (d, 6 Hz, 1H), 2.87 (d, J=10.86 Hz, 1H), 2.45 (s, 3H), 1.90 - 2.13 (m, 1H), 1.68 - 1.82 (m, 2H), 1.50 - 1.68 (m, 2H), 1.30 - 1.50 (m, 2H); HRMS calcd. for 021H26N30 (M+H)+ 76, found 67.

Intermediate 42 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDZCIZ) 5 8.69 (s, 1H), 8.48 (dd, J=1.30, 4.60 Hz, 1H), 8.04 (br. s., 1H), 7.91 (d, J=7.58 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (dd, J=4.60, 7.58 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (dd, J=2.50, 3.03 Hz, 1H), 6.68 (s, 1H), 6.58 (dd, J=2.02, 3.03 Hz, 1H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 3.68 (d, J=12.13 Hz, 1H), 3.23 (d, J=12.13 Hz, 1H), 3.14 (dd, J=2.53, 11.12 Hz,1H), 2.89 (d, J=11.87 Hz, 1H), 2.45 (s, 3H), 1.94 - 2.12 (m, 1H), 1.70 - 1.84 (m, 2H), 1.49 - 1.69 (m, 2H), 1.25 - 1.48 (m, 2H); HRMS calcd. for 023H30N3028 (M+H)+ 412.2059, found 412.2072.

(+)-(S)—3-f|uoro—4-(1-((5-methoxymethy|—1H-indoIyl)methyl)piperidinyl)benzoic acid ediate 43 1H NMR (HCI salt, 400 MHz, 020) 5 7.82 (br. d, J=7.60 Hz, 1H), HO 7.72 (br. d, J=11.10 Hz, 1H), 7.61 (br. dd, J=7.10, 7.30 Hz, 1H), '7.A m 0 7.29 (d, J=3.03 Hz, 1H), 6.55 (s, 1H), 6.18 (d, J=3.03 Hz, 1H), N 4.63 (br. s., 1H), 3.88 (br. d, J=12.90 Hz, 1H), 3.78 (br. d, J=12.90 0\ Hz, 1H), 3.57 (s, 3H), 3.37 (br. d, J=11.80 Hz, 1H), 3.08 - 3.24 (m, 1H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 2.06 (br. s., 2H), 1.86 - 1.97 (m, 1H), 1.83 (br. d, H J=9.10 Hz, 1H), 1.55 - 1.75 (m, 2H); HRMS calcd. for 023H25N203F (M+H)+ 397.1927, found 397.1916.

Intermediate 44 1H NMR (400 MHz, 00300) 5 8.01 (d, J=8.46 Hz, 2H), 7.59 (br. d, J=7.30 Hz, 2H), 7.18 (d, J=3.16 Hz, 1H), 6.68 (s, 1H), 6.44 (d, J=3.16 Hz, 1H), 3.76 - 3.84 (m, 5H), 3.74 (s, 1H), 3.65 - 3.70 (m, 1H), 3.45 - 3.52 (m, 1H), 3.39 - 3.45 (m, 1H), 3.33 - 3.37 (m, 2H), 2.73 (s, 1H), 2.45 (s, 3H), 2.34 - 2.42 (m, 1H); HRMS calcd. for 022H25N204 (M+H)+ 381.1809, found 381.1797.

Intermediate 45 1H NMR (HCI salt, 400 MHz, 020) 5 8.91 (d, J=2.02 Hz, 1H), 8.16 (dd, J=2.10, 8.08 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (d, J=8.08 Hz, 1H), 7.25 (d, J=3.03 Hz, 1H), 6.49 (s, 1H), 6.16 (br. s., 1H), 4.35 (br. d, J=9.30 Hz, 1H), 3.76 - 3.85 (m, 1H), 3.67 - 3.75 (m, 1H), 3.64 (s, 3H), 3.39 (br. d, 0 Hz, 1H), 3.00 - 3.20 (m, 1H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.02 (d, J=12.88 Hz, 1H), 1.79 - 1.92 (m, 3H), 1.56 - 1.75 (m, 2H); HRMS calcd. for 022H25N303 (M+H)+ 380.1974, found 60. (-)((28,4S)—1-((5-methoxymethy|—1H-indoIyl)methyl)—4-propoxypiperidin y|)benzoic acid Intermediate 411 1H NMR (400 MHz, 020) 5 8.06 (d, J=8.07 Hz, 2H), 7.62 (d, J=8.07 Hz, 2H), 7.32 (d, J=2.93 Hz, 1H), 6.60 (s, 1H), 6.18 (br. s., 1H), 4.54 (br. d, J=9.20 Hz, 1H), 3.84 - 3.95 (m, 2H), 3.74 (d, J=12.96 Hz, 1H), 3.59 (s, 3H), 3.52 (t, J=6.66 Hz, 2H), 3.27 - 3.38 (m, 1H), 3.21 (br. d, J=10.90 Hz, 1H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 2.15 - 2.32 (m, 2H), 1.98 - 2.08 (m, 1H), 1.80 - 1.94 (m, 1H), 1.60 - 1.72 (m, 2H), 0.98 (t, J=7.27 Hz, 3H); HRMS calcd. for 025H33NZO4 (M+H)+ 437.2240, found 437.2436. 2014/046515 (-)((2S,4S)—4-hydroxy((5-methoxymethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)piperidin yl)benzoic acid Intermediate 412 HOJKQ 1H NMR (400 MHz, 00300) 5 7.99 (d, J=8.31 Hz, 2H), 7.55 (br. d, OH J=7.70 Hz, 2H), 7.16 (d, J=3.18 Hz, 1H), 6.67 (s, 1H), 6.41 (d, N J=3.18 Hz, 1H), 4.02 (br. s., 1H), 3.81 (d, J=11.86 Hz, 1H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 3.66 (dd, J=2.81, 11.62 Hz, 1H), 3.23 (d, J=11.86 Hz, 1H), / 2.76 (d, J=11.37 Hz, 1H), 2.55 - 2.65 (m, 1H), 2.45 (s, 3H), 1.86 - 3 1.96 (m, 1H), 1.75 -1.86(m,2H), 1.61 (d, J=14.06 Hz,1H); (28 48)' HRMS calcd. for C23H27N204 (M+H)+ 395.1971, found 395.1967. (i)—4-(1-((5-methoxymethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)piperidinyl)—3-methylbenzoic acid ediate 413 1H NMR (HCI salt, 400 MHz, D20) 6 7.94 HO (d, J=8.13 Hz, 1H), 7.88 17-13 (s, 1H), 7.59 (d, J=8.13 Hz, 1H), 7.25 (d, J=3.06 Hz, 1H), 6.49 (s, N 1H), 6.09 (d, J=3.06 Hz, 1H), 4.43 - 4.57 (m, 1H), 3.65 (d, J=12.70 Hz, 1H), 3.50 - 3.59 (m, 4H), 3.22 - 3.33 (m, 1H), 3.05 - 3.19 (m, / 1H), 2.48 (s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 1.74 - 2.02 (m, 4H), 1.65 (br. s., 2H); HRMS calcd. for C24H29N203 (M+H)+ 393.2178, found 393.2172. (i)—4-(1-((5-methoxymethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)methylpiperidinyl)benzoic acid (single diastereomer) Intermediate 414 1H NMR (HCI salt, 400 MHz, 020) 5 7.93 HO (d, J=8.38 Hz, 2H), 7.55 (d, J=8.38 Hz, 2H), 7.32 (d, J=3.10 Hz, 1H), 5.70 (s, 1H), 5.20 (br. d, J=2.80 Hz, 1H), 4.37 (br. d, J=9.70 Hz, 1H), 4.18 N (d, J=13.20 Hz, 1H), 4.05 (d, J=13.20 Hz, 1H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 3.31 (dd, J=3.00, / 12.55 Hz, 1H), 3.15 (dd, , 12.55 Hz, 1H), 2.41 (s, 3H), 2.22 N - 2.33 (m, 2H), 1.88 - 2.08 (m, 2H), 1.72 (dd, J=3.00, 13.88 Hz, 1H), 1.05 (d, J=7.21 Hz, 3H); HRMS calcd. for C24H29N203 (M+H)+ single diastereomer 393.2178, found 393.2175. (i)—4-(rel—(2S,4R)—4-ethyI((5-methoxymethy|—1H-indoIy|)methy|)piperidin y|)benzoic acid Intermediate 415 1H NMR z, D20) 6 8.02 (br. d, J=8.20 Hz, 2H), 7.62 (br. d, J=7.70 Hz, 2H), 7.35 (d, J=3.18 Hz, 1H), 6.73 (S, 1H), 6.18 - 6.28 (m, 1H), 4.13 (br. 8., 1H), 4.02 (d, J=12.84 Hz, 1H), 3.59 - 3.78 (m, 4H), 3.29 (br. d, J=12.50 Hz, 1H), 2.89 - 3.03 (m, 1H), 2.42 (s, / 3H), 2.03 - 2.14 (m, 1H), 1.79 - 1.89 (m, 1H), 1.57 - 1.71 (m, 2H), N 1.20 - 1.41 (m, 3H), 0.87 (t, J=7.46 Hz, 3H); HRMS calcd. for H rel-(2814'?) N203 (M+H)+ 35, found 407.2358. (i)—2-(4-(1-((5-methoxymethyI-1H-indoIyl)methyl)piperidinyl)phenyl)acetic acid Intermediate 416 1H NMR (HCI salt, 400 MHz, 00300) 5 7.48 - 7.59 (m, 4H), 7.31 (d, J=3.18 Hz, 1H), 8.78 (s, 1H), 6.29 (d, J=3.18 Hz, 1H), 4.33 - 4.43 (m, 2H), 4.10 (d, J=12.72 Hz, 1H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 3.87 (s, 2H), 3.49 - 3.57 (m, 1H), 3.20 - 3.27 (m, 1H), 2.50 (s, 3H), 2.04 - 2.14 (m, 2H), 1.90 - 1.99 (m, 1H), 1.88 - 1.90 (m, 3H); HRMS calcd. for CZ4H29N203 (M+H)+ 393.2178, found 393.2181.

Intermediate 417 1H NMR (HCI salt, 400 MHz, 00300) 5 7.53 (s, 1H), 7.37 - 7.50 (m, 3H), 7.31 (d, J=3.06 Hz, 1H), 8.75 (s, 1H), 6.25 (br. s., 1H), 4.24 - 4.45 (m, 2H), 4.10 (d, J=12.72 Hz, 1H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 3.58 (s, 2H), 3.41 - 3.52 (m, 1H), 3.17 - 3.25 (m, 1H), 2.50 (s, 3H), 2.01 - 2.20 (m, 2H), 1.83 - 2.00 (m, 4H); HRMS calcd. for 024H29N203 (M+H)+ 393.2178, found 393.2175. (i)—5-(rel—(28,4S)—1-((5-cyc|opropyImethyI-1H-indoIyl)methyl)methoxypiperidin y|)pico|inic acid Intermediate 418 1H NMR (400 MHz, 020) 5 8.67 (s, 1H), 8.06 (br. d, J=8.10 Hz, 1H), 7.94 (br. d, J=8.10 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (d, J=2.90 Hz, 1H), 8.87 (s, 1H), 8.48 (d, J=2.81 Hz, 1H), 4.05 (br. d, J=11.60 Hz, 1H), 3.81 - 3.93 (m, 1H), 3.77 (br. s., 1H), 3.59 - 3.73 (m, 1H), 3.41 (s, 3H), 2.86 - 2.98 (m, 1H), 2.70 - 2.84 (m, 1H), 2.41 (s, 3H), 1.91 - 2.17 (m, 3H), 1.72 - 1.84 (m, 2H), 0.80 - 0.91 (m, 1H), 0.88 - 0.79 (m, 1H), 0.28 - 0.38 (m, 1H), 0.06 - 0.18 (m, 1H); HRMS calcd. for 025H30N303 (M+H)+ 420.2287, found 420.2281. (i)—2-(1-((5-methoxymethyI-1H-indoIyl)methyl)piperidinyl)thiazoIecarboxylic acid Intermediate 423 0MN:8 1H NMR (400 MHz, 00300) 5 8.00 (s, 1H), 7.19 (d, J=3.16 Hz, N 1H), 6.68 (s, 1H), 6.53 (d, J=3.16 Hz, 1H), 3.84 (d, J=12.00 Hz, 1H), 3.70 - 3.79 (m, 4H), 3.45 (d, J=11.87 Hz, 1H), 3.33 - 3.38 (m, / 1H), 2.96 - 3.05 (m, 1H), 2.46 (s, 3H), 2.16 - 2.25 (m, 1H), 1.97 (d, N J=11.24 Hz, 1H), 1.75 - 1.84 (m, 2H), 1.40 - 1.62 (m, 2H); HRMS calcd. for CZOH24N3038 (M+H)+ 386.1533, found 386.1514. (i)—2-(1-((5-methoxymethyI-1H-indoIyl)methyl)piperidinyl)methy|thiazo|e carboxylic acid Intermediate 424 1H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-ds) 5 10.84(s, 1 H) 7.27 (t, J=2.75 Hz, 1 H)6.66 (s, 1 H)6.65 (dd, J=2.89, 2.06 Hz, 1 H) 3.75 (d, J=12.10 Hz, 1 H)3.71 (s, 3 H)3.57-3.63 (m, 1 H)3.53 (d, J=12.10 Hz, 1 H) 2.71 - 2.81 (m, 1 H) 2.57 (s, 3 H) 2.42 (s, 3 H) 2.08 (t, J=10.36 Hz, 1 H) 1.91 (dd, J=9.22, 4.72 Hz, 1 H) 1.59 - 1.71 (m, 2 H) 1.52 (d, J=12.84 Hz, 1 H) 1.25 - 1.42 (m, 2 H); HRMS calcd. for 021H26N3038 (M+H)+ 400.1702, found 400.1687.

Intermediate 4-8 1H NMR (HCI salt, 400 MHz, DMSO - .82(br.s., 1H), 8.06 (br. s., 1H), 7.80 (d, J=7.33 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (br. d, J=8.10 Hz, 1H), 7.33 - 7.49 (m, 1H), 7.19 (t, J=2.80 Hz, 1H), 6.62 (s, 1H), 6.42 - 6.55 (m, 1H), 3.54 (d, J=12.13 Hz, 1H), 3.06 - 3.16 (m, 2H), 2.62 (br. d, 0 Hz, 1H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 2.21 (s, 3H), 1.86 - 1.96 (m, 1H), 1.54 - 1.75 (m, 3H), 1.48 (d, J=8.59 Hz, 1H), 1.26 - 1.41 (m, 2H), HRMS calcd. for 023H27N202 (M+H)+ 363.2073, found 363.2075.

Intermediate 4-9 1H NMR (HCI salt, 400 MHz, 00300) 5 8.11 (d, J=8.40 Hz, 2H), 17-22 "0% 7.59 (br. d, J=8.30 Hz, 2H), 7.27 (d, J=3.06 Hz, 1H), 6.69 (s, 1H), N 6.06 (d, J=3.18 Hz, 1H), 4.45 - 4.58 (m, 2H), 4.41 (d, J=12.80 Hz, 0\ 1H), 3.58 (s, 3H), 3.44 (d, J=6.97 Hz, 1H), 3.33 - 3.39 (m, 1H), / 2.48 (s, 3H), 2.36 - 2.54 (m, 1H), 2.19 - 2.35 (m, 1H), 1.92 - 2.14 (m, 4H), 1.71 - 1.87 (m, 1H), 1.46 - 1.64 (m, 1H); HRMS calcd. for CZ4H29N203 (M+H)+ 393.2178, found 393.2172.

(-)-(S)—4-((2-(4-(1H-pyrazoIyl)phenyl)piperidiny|)methyl)methoxymethy|—1H- indole ediate 4-10 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-ds) 6 12.88 (br. s., 1H), 10.77 (br. s., 1H), 8.16 (br. s., 1H), 7.91 (br. s., 1H), 7.80 (d, J=8.31 Hz, 2H), 17-23 7.49 (br. d, J=7.70 Hz, 2H), 7.23 (dd, J=2.70, 2.80 Hz, 1H), 8.84 (s, 1H), 6.49 - 8.53 (m, 1H), 3.70 (s, 3H), 3.62 (d, J=12.00 Hz, 1H), 3.17 (d, J=11.98 Hz, 1H), 3.05 (br. dd, J=2.00, 10.50 Hz, 1H), 2.78 (br. d, J=10.40 Hz, 1H), 2.41 (s, 3H), 1.87 - 1.96 (m, 1H), 1.84 - 1.74 (m, 2H), 1.53 - 1.82 (m, 1H), 1.43 - 1.53 (m, 1H), 1.29 - 1.39 (m, 2H); HRMS calcd. for C25H28N4O (M - H) 401.2328, found 401.2343. indole Intermediate 4-11 % 1H NMR (400 MHz, 00300003) 6 12.08 (br. s., 1H), 9.92 (br. s., 17-24 1H), 7.87 (br. d, J=8.30 Hz, 2H), 7.88 (br. s., 1H), 7.83 (br. d, J=7.80 Hz, 2H), 7.24 (app.t, J=2.81 Hz, 1H), 8.88 - 8.72 (m, 3H), 3.80 (d, J=12.10 Hz, 1H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.30 (d, J=12.10 Hz,1H), 3.13 (dd, J=2.63, 10.70 Hz, 1H), 2.91 (br. d, J=11.74 Hz, 1H), 2.76 (S, 3H), 2.44 (S, 3H), 1.95 - 2.02 (m, 1H), 1.72 - 1.80 (m, 2H), 1.63 - 1.72 (m, 1H), 1.50 - 1.56 (m, 1H), 1.37 - 1.50 (m, 2H); HRMS calcd. for N4O (M - H) 401.2328, found 401.2334. 0 Intermediate 4-12 HO O 1H NMR (rotamer , 400 MHz, DMSO - d5)610.77(br.s., 17-25 0 1H), 8.90 (br. s., 1H), 8.38 (br. m), 7.82 - 8.14 (br. m), 7.51 (br. s., N 2H), 7.23 (m, 1H), 6.25 - 8.78 (m), 4.07 (br. s), 3.53 - 3.76 (m), o\ 3.22 (br. s), 2.86 (br. s., 1H), 2.40 (s, 3H), 2.03 -2.21 (m, 1H), 1.73 (br. s., 2H), 1.33 - 1.81 (m, 4H); HRMS calcd. for czyHZQNzo3 (M+H)+ 429.2178, found 429.2180. 4-((28)(2,2,2-trif|uoro—1-(5-methoxymethy|—1H-indoIy|)ethy|)piperidinyl)benzoic acid (diastereomer—1) 119190"? ediate 4-13 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDgCOCD3)610.12(br.s., 1H), 8.03 (d, J=8.32 Hz, 2H), 7.64 (d, J=8.32 Hz, 2H), 7.30 (app. t, J=2.90 Hz, 1H), 6.82 (s, 1H), 6.56 - 6.62 (m, 1H), 5.36 (q, J=10.39 Hz, 1H), 4.01 - 4.08 (m, 1H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.37 - 3.46 (m, 1H), 3.00 - 3.10 (m, 1H), 2.50 (d, J=0.73 Hz, 3H), 1.55 - 1.81 (m, 4H), 1.41 - 1.52 (m, 1H), 1.21 - 1.33 (m, 1H); HRMS ca|cd. for 024st F3N203 diastereomer-1 (M+H) 447.1896, found 447.1895. 4-((28)(2,2,2-trif|uoro—1-(5-methoxymethy|—1H-indoIy|)ethy|)piperidinyl)benzoic acid (diastereomer—Z) 165 Intermediate 4-14 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDsCOCD3)61O.16(br.s., 1H), 8.09 (d, 17-27 @659 J=8.19 Hz, 2H), 7.70 (d, J=8.19 Hz, 2H), 7.34 (br. s., 1H), 6.86 (s, 1H), 6.66 (br. s., 1H), 5.07 - 5.25 (m, 1H), 3.64 (br. s., 3H), 3.51 - 3.61 (m, 2H), 2.53 (s, 3H), 1.94 - 2.03 (m, 1H), 1.45 - 1.74 (m, 5H), 1.02 - 1.18 (m, 1H); HRMS ca|cd. for 024st F3N203 (M+H) 447.1896, found 447.1921. diastereomer-2 methoxy(1-((5-methoxymethy|—1H-indoIy|)methy|)piperidinyl)benzoic acid Intermediate 426 1H NMR (HCI salt, 400 MHz, 020) 5 7.63 (d, J=7.70 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (d, J=2.87 Hz, 1H), 7.17 - 7.28 (m, 2H), 6.68 (s, 1H), 6.18 (d, J=2.87 Hz, 1H), 4.33 (br. dd, J=3.40, 11.60 Hz, 1H), 4.10 (d, J=12.96 Hz, 1H), 3.92 (s, 3H), 3.87 (d, J=12.96 Hz, 1H), 3.65 (s, 3H), 3.40 (d, J=12.35 Hz, 1H), 3.09 - 3.21 (m, 1H), 2.40 (s, 3H), 1.99 - 2.16 (m, 2H), 1.78 - 1.97 (m, 2H), 1.61 - 1.75 (m, 2H); HRMS ca|cd. for 024H29N204 (M+H)+ 27, found 16.

Intermediate 427 1H NMR (400 MHz, 00300) 5 8.11 (d, J=8.20 Hz, 2H), 7.61 (d, J=8.20 Hz, 2H), 7.30 (d, J=3.06 Hz, 1H), 6.75 (s, 1H), 6.33 (br. s., 1H), 4.46-4.62 (m, 1H), 4.36 (br. d, J=12.70 Hz, 1H), 4.14 (d, J=12.72 Hz, 1H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 3.44-3.58 (m, 1H), 3.33-3.42 (m, 1H), 2.52-2.64 (m, 1H), 2.50 (s, 3H), 2.21-2.39 (m, 1H), 1.25-1.35 (m, 1H), 1.02-1.14 (m, 1H), 0.45-0.68 (m, 4H). HRMS ca|c. for CZ5H27N203 (M-H) 403.2016, found 403.2019. (i)—4-(re/-(2S,4S)—4-ethyl((5-methoxymethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)piperidin yl)benzoic acid ediate 428 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) 5 8.13 (d, J=8.07 Hz, 2H), 7.62 (br. d, J=7.80 Hz, 2H), 7.31 (d, J=3.06 Hz, 1H), 6.76 (s, 1H), 6.32 (br. s., 1H), .65 (m, 1H), 4.34 (d, J=12.59 Hz, 1H), 4.17 (d, J=12.60 Hz, 1H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.34-3.43 (m, 2H), 2.50 (s, 3H), 2.23-2.38 (m, 1H), 1.94-2.17 (m, 2H), 1.84-1.94 (m, 1H), 1.67-1.83 (m, 3H), 1.02 (t, J=7.34 Hz, 3H). HRMS calc. for C25H31N203 (M+H) 407.2329, found 407.2312. reI-(28,48) Example-18: (i)(1-((5,7-Dimethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)phenylpiperidinyl)acetonitrile (diastereomer— H diastereomer-1 A mixture of (i)—ten‘-butyl 4-((4-(cyanomethyl)—2-phenylpiperidinyl)methyl)-5,7-dimethyl- 1H—indolecarboxylate (diastereomer—1), Intermediate 4-1, (95 mg, 0.208 mmol) and Cs2C03 (300 mg, 0.921 mmol) in MeOH (5 mL) was d at 60 °C for 2h, and then cooled to room temperature. The reaction mixture was diluted with CH2C|2. The mixture was then washed successively with H20 and brine, dried over NaZSO4, filtered, and trated. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography [CH2C|2/(10% MeOH in EtOAc) = 92/8] to afford the title compound. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3CN) 5 9.10 (br. s., 1H), 7.52 (d, J=7.30 Hz, 2H), 7.36 (dd, , 7.60 Hz, 2H), 7.23 - 7.30 (m, 1H), 7.18 (app.t, J=2.80 Hz, 1H), 6.72 (s, 1H), 6.59 (br. dd, J=2.30, 2.50 Hz, 1H), 3.73 (d, J=12.13 Hz, 1H), 3.41 - 3.48 (m, 1H), 3.37 (d, J=12.13 Hz, 1H), 2.61 (d, J=8.08 Hz, 2H), 2.45 - 2.54 (m, 1H), 2.37 - 2.40 (m, 3H), 2.21 - 2.32 (m, 4H), 2.15 - 2.20 (m, 1H), 2.00 - 2.07 (m, 1H), 1.61 - 1.78 (m, 2H), 1.48 - 1.58 (m, 1H); HRMS calcd. for C24H28N3 (M+H)+ 358.2283, found 358.2278. 2014/046515 Example-19: (i)(1-((5,7-Dimethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)phenylpiperidinyl)acetonitrile (diastereomer— H diastereomer-Z The title compound was synthesized from (i)—ten‘-butyl 4-((4-(cyanomethyl) phenylpiperidiny|)methy|)-5,7-dimethy|-1H-indoIecarboxylate (diastereomer—2), Intermediate 4-2, analogously to the preparation of Example-18. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3CN) 6 9.09 (br. s., 1H), 7.54 (d, J=7.21 Hz, 2H), 7.39 (dd, J=7.21, 8.10 Hz, 2H), 7.27 - 7.33 (m, 1H), 7.17 (dd, J=2.80, 3.15 Hz, 1H), 6.71 (s, 1H), 6.57 (dd, , 3.15 Hz, 1H), 3.66 (d, J=12.38 Hz, 1H), 3.16 (d, 8 Hz, 2H), 2.65 - 2.71 (m, 1H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 2.31 (dd, J=1.64, 6.44 Hz, 2H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 1.98 - 2.05 (m, 1H), 1.78 - 1.87 (m, 2H), 1.61 - 1.69 (m, 1H), 1.45 - 1.56 (m, 1H), 1.12 - 1.24 (m, 1H); MS (ES|+) m/z 358.3 (M+H).

Example-20: Example-20a; (+)((2S,4R)((5-methoxymethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)methylpiperidin- 2-y|)benzoic acid HOJKQ A mixture of tert—butyl 5-methoxy(((2S,4R)—2-(4-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)—4- methylpiperidiny|)methy|)methyl-1H-indolecarboxylate, Intermediate 5-1b peak-1 (tr = 4.1 min), (600 mg, 1.184 mmol) and LiOH in H20 (4 mL, 4.00 mmol) in THF (3mL)/MeOH (4 mL) was stirred at 80 °C for 6h. The mixture was cooled to room temperature. The reaction mixture was diluted with H20. The e was washed twice with CH2C|2. The aqueous layer was then acidified with citric acid by pH= ca. 6. The mixture was then saturated with NaCl. The mixture was then extracted three times with TFE (ca. 9/1). The organic layer was then dried over Na2804, filtered, and then concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by RP-HPLC (HC-B) to afford the title compound. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) 6 8.12 (d, J=8.10 Hz, 2H), 7.59 (d, J=7.83 Hz, 2H), 7.30 (d, J=2.93 Hz, 1H), 6.75 (s, 1H), 6.30 (br. d, J=2.70 Hz, 1H), 4.25 - 4.50 (m, 2H), 3.98 - 4.13 (m, 1H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 3.44 - 3.54 (m, 1H), 3.24 - 3.28 (m, 1H), 2.50 (s, 3H), 2.04 (br. d, J=14.50 Hz,1H), 1.89 - 1.99 (m, 1H), 1.65 - 1.89 (m, 2H), 1.43 - 1.58 (m, 1H), 1.01 (d, J=6.24 Hz, 3H); HRMS calcd. for N203 (M+H)+ 393.2178, found 393.2190.

Example-20b; (-)((2R,4S)((5-methoxymethyl-1H-indoly|)methyl)methylpiperidin- 2-yl)benzoic acid The title nd was synthesized from tert—butyl 5-methoxy(((2R,4S)—2-(4- (methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)—4-methylpiperidinyl)methyl)—7-methyl-1H-indolecarboxylate, ediate 5-1b peak-2 (tr = 5.8 min), analogously to the preparation of Example-20a. Analytical data; same as Example-20a.

Example-20c; 4-((2S,4R)((5-methoxymethyl-1H-indoly|)methyl)methylpiperidin yl)benzoic acid phosphate salt H3PO4 To a suspension of (+)((2S,4R)—1-((5-methoxymethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)—4-methylpiperidin- 2-yl)benzoic acid (122 mg, 0,311 mmol) in 1.2 mL of a 1:9 mixture of methanol and acetonitrile was added H3PO4 (35.8 mg, 0.311 mmol, 85% aqueous) in 1.2 mL of 1:9 mixture of methanol and acetonitrile. The mixture was sonicated for 10 min. The mixture was then heated to 55 0C over 15 min and held at that temperature for 30 min. The mixture was cooled to 5 °C over 2 h and d to stir at 5 °C for 1 h. The mixture was then heated to 55 °C over 15 min and the process was repeated 3 additional times. The mixture was warmed to rt and filtered, washing with 10 mL of a 1:1 mixture of acetonitrile:methyl tert-butyl ether and the solid collected was dried to give the title compound. 1H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d4) 5 8.22 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.71 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.35 (d, J = 3.2 Hz, 1H), 6.79 (s, 1H), 6.35 (d, J = 3.2 Hz, 1H), 4.55 (d, J = 11.9 Hz, 1H), 4.38 (d, J = 12.7 Hz, 1H), 4.16 (d, J =12.7 Hz, 1H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 3.56 (d, J =12.7 Hz, 1H), 3.38 (m, 1H), 2.53 (s, 3H), 2.10 (d, J = 14.9 Hz, 1H), 1.99 (s, 1H), 1.90 (d, J = 14.5 Hz, 1H), 1.78 (q, J = 12.9 Hz,1H), 1.55 (d, J = 13.4 Hz, 1H), 1.05 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 3H). X—ray powder diffraction: Angle d value Intensity ity % 2-Theta ° Angstrom Count % 7.7 11.509 1522 27 9.1 9.677 5560 100 .9 8.111 4718 85 e-21: Example-21 a; (-)((2S,4S)methoxy((5-methoxymethyl-1H-indol yl)methyl)piperidinyl)benzoic acid A mixture of tert—butyl 5-methoxy(2S,4S)—(4-methoxy(4- (methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)piperidinyl)methyl)methyl-1H-indolecarboxylate, Intermediate 5- 2014/046515 2b peak-2 (tr = 5.5 min), (30 mg, 0.057 mmol) and LiOH in H20 (500 uL, 0.500 mmol) in THF (0.5 mL)/MeOH (0.5 mL) was d at 70 °C for 4h, and then cooled to room temperature. The mixture was then acidified with AcOH. The mixture was then partially concentrated. The ing residue was purified by RP-HPLC (HC-B) to afford the title compound. The absolute stereochemistry was determined by comparoson with enantiopure synthesis in e-21c. 1H NMR (400 MHz, D20) 6 7.99 (d, J=8.10 Hz, 2H), 7.63 (br. d, J=8.10 Hz, 2H), 7.34 (d, J=3.03 Hz, 1H), 6.80 (s, 1H), 6.30 (d, J=3.03 Hz, 1H), 3.79 - 4.02 (m, 2H), 3.73 - 3.79 (m, 1H), 3.69 (s, 3H), 3.29 - 3.49 (m, 4H), 2.89 (br. d, J=10.90 Hz, 1H), 2.63 - 2.83 (m, 1H), 2.45 (s, 3H), 2.07 - 2.20 (m, 1H), 1.88 - 2.06 (m, 2H), 1.61 - 1.87 (m, 1H); HRMS calcd. for C24H29N204 (M+H)+ 409.2127, found 409.2119.

Example-21 b; (+)((2R,4R)methoxy((5-methoxymethyI-1H-indoI y|)methyl)piperidinyl)benzoic acid The title compound was synthesized from tert—butyl 5-methoxy(2R,4R)-(4-methoxy(4- (methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)piperidiny|)methy|)methyl-1H-indolecarboxylate, ediate 5- 2b peak-1 (tr = 2.8 min),, analogously to the preparation of Example-21a. Analytical data; same as Example-21 a.

Example-21c; (-)((2S,4S)methoxy((5-methoxymethyI-1H-indoI y|)methyl)piperidinyl)benzoic acid H To a solution of tert—butyl 4-formylmethoxymethyl-1H-indolecarboxylate, Intermediate 1-3, (1.5 g, 5.18 mmol) and methyl ((2S,4S)—4-(4-methoxypiperidinyl))benzoate, Intermediate 2-12b, (1 g, 4.01 mmol) in DOE (20 mL) was added NaBH(OAc)3 (3 g, 14.15 mmol).

The mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 3 days. The reaction was then quenched with NaBH4 (200 mg), followed by MeOH (5 mL). The mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 0.5h. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc. The mixture was then washed successively with 5% aq. NaHCOs, H20, and brine, dried over NaZSO4, filtered, and trated. The resulting e was mixed with LiOH in H20 (15 mL, 15 mmol) and THF (10 mL)/MeOH (20 mL) and was stirred at 70 °C for 22h, and then cooled to room temperature. The reaction mixture was with H20, and then acidified with half satd. aq. KHSO4 and citric acid. The mixture was then saturated with sodium chloride. The mixture was then ted with CHZCIZ/TFE (c.a. 9/1). The organic layer was then dried over NaZSO4, filtered, and then concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by RP-HPLC (HC-B) to afford the title compound. Analytical data; same as Example-21a.

Following examples were preparad from the corresponding peak of the enantiomer by the method bed above. al name Exam structure NMR and HRMS ng material for enantiomer-a Starting material for enantiomer-b (+) and (-)(re/-(28,4S)—4-ethoxy((5-methoxymethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)piperidin- 2-y|)pico|inic acid 1H NMR (400 MHz, D20) 5 8.81 / (d, J=0.90 Hz, 1H), 8.01 (dd, N\ J=1.80, 8.10 Hz, 1H), 7.94 (d, J=8.10 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (d, J=3.18 Hz, m 1H), 6.77 (s, 1H), 8.35 (d, J=3.06 Hz, 1H), 3.77 - 3.85 (m, 2H), 3.85 - 3.78 (m, 4H), 3.81 (q, J=7.10 Hz, 2H), 3.34 (d, J=12.80 Hz, / 1H), 2.84 (br. d, J=11.90 Hz, 1H), 2.83 - 2.72 (m, 1H), 2.42 (s, 3H), N 1.99 - 2.08 (m, 1H), 1.82 - 1.93 (m, 2H), 1.88 - 1.79 (m, 1H), 1.28 H (t, J=7.10 Hz, 3H); HRMS calcd. for CZ4H30N304 (M+H)+ 424.2238, "H2343 found 424.2226. (-)(re/-(2S,4S)—4-ethoxy((5-methoxymethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)piperidin 22-1a yl)picolinic acid was prepared from Intermediate 51 b enantiomer-1 1, tr = 4.9 min). (+)(re/-(2S,4S)—4-ethoxy((5-methoxymethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)piperidin 22-1 b yl)picolinic acid was prepared from Intermediate 51 b enantiomer-2 (peak-2, tr = 6.0 min). (+) and (-)(1-((5-methoxymethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)-4,4-dimethylpiperidin y|)benzoic acid O 1H NMR (400 MHz, 00300003) 5 9.94 (br. s., 1H), 8.07 (d, J=8.56 Hz, 2H), 7.73 (br. d, J=7.50 Hz, 2H), 7.23 - 7.23 (m, 1H), m 6.70 (s, 1H), 6.67 (dd, J=2.02, 3.12 Hz, 1H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 3.74 (d, J=11.98 Hz, 1H), 3.46 (dd, J=3.12, 11.43 Hz, 1H), 3.36 (d, J=11.98 Hz, 1H), 2.67 - 2.74 (m, 1H), 2.45 (s, 3H), 2.23 - 2.33 (m, / 1H), 1.50 - 1.58 (m, 1H), 1.36 - 1.48 (m, 2H), 1.20 - 1.30 (m, 1H), 3 1.07 (s, 3H), 0.91 (s, 3H); HRMS calcd. for N203 407.2335, found 407.2344. (+)(1-((5-methoxymethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)-4,4-dimethylpiperidinyl)benzoic acid was prepared from Intermediate 52b enantiomer—1 (peak-1, tr = 2.4 min). (-)(1-((5-methoxymethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)-4,4-dimethylpiperidinyl)benzoic acid —was prepared from Intermediate 52b enantiomer—2 (peak-2, tr = 4.4 min).

Example-23: H rel-(28,48) e-23a; (+)(reI-(2S,4S)ethoxy((5-methoxymethyI-1H-indoI yl)methyl)piperidinyl)benzonitrile To a solution of tert—butyl 4-(rel-(2S,4S)—(2-(4-cyanophenyl)—4-ethoxypiperidinyl)methyl)— -methoxymethyl-1H-indolecarboxylate iomer—1), Intermediate 53b peak-1 (tr = 1.7 min), (25 mg, 0.050 mmol) in CH2C|2 (1 mL) at 0 °C was added TFA (0.5 mL). The mixture was then stirred at 0 °C for ca. 3h, and then quenched with 5% aq. NaHCOs at the same temperature.

The mixture was then extracted with CH2C|2. The organic phase was then washed sively with H20 and brine, dried over NaZSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by RP-HPLC (HC-B) to afford the title compound. 1H NMR (600 MHz, CD3CN) 6 9.06 (br. s., 1H), 7.72 (s, 4H), 7.20 (t, J=2.57 Hz, 1H), 6.70 (s, 1H), 6.52 (dd, J=2.40, 2.60 Hz, 1H), 3.73 (s, 3H), 3.60 (d, 1 Hz, 1H), 3.56 - 3.58 (m, 1H), 3.53 (dd, J=2.80, 11.60 Hz, 1H), 3.46 (dq, J=1.56, 6.97 Hz, 2H), 3.25 (d, J=12.10 Hz, 1H), 2.52 (td, J=3.56, 11.76 Hz, 1H), 2.43 (s, 3H), 2.34 - 2.40 (m, 1H), 1.83 - 1.89 (m, 1H), 1.72 (td, J=2.84, 13.94 Hz, 1H), 1.63 - 1.70 (m, 1H), 1.46 - 1.55 (m, 1H), 1.18 (t, J=6.97 Hz, 3H). HRMS calcd. for C25H30N302 (M+H)+ 404.2338, found 404.2333.

Example-23b; (-)(reI-(2S,4S)ethoxy((5-methoxymethyl-1H-indol yl)methyl)piperidinyl)benzonitrile The title compound was synthesized from tert—butyl -(28,4S)—(2-(4-cyanophenyl)—4- ethoxypiperidinyl)methyl)methoxymethyl-1H-indolecarboxylate iomer—2), Intermediate 53b peak-2 (tr = 3.4 min), analogously to the preparation of Example-23a.

Analytical data; same as e-23a.

Example-24: (reI-(2S,4S)ethoxy((5-methoxymethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)piperidin yl)benzamide / \ H rel-(28,48) The title compound was synthesized tert—butyl 4-(rel-(2S,4S)—(2-(4-cyanophenyl) ethoxypiperidinyl)methyl)methoxymethyl-1H-indolecarboxylate (enantiomer—1), Intermediate 53b peak-1 (tr = 1.7 min), analogously to the preparation of Example-8. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3COCD3) 6 9.83 (br. s., 1H), 7.85 (d, J=8.44 Hz, 2H), 7.57 (br. d, J=7.80 Hz, 2H), 7.28 (br. s., 1H), 7.13 (dd, J=2.60, 2.70 Hz, 1H), 6.58 (s, 1H), 6.53 - 6.56 (m, 1H), 6.39 (br. s., 1H), 3.66 (s, 3H), 3.59 (d, J=11.98 Hz, 1H), 3.50 (br. s., 1H), 3.42 - 3.48 (m, 1H), 3.38 (q, J=6.97 Hz, 2H), 3.22 (d, J=12.00 Hz, 1H), 2.45 - 2.53 (m, 1H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.24 - 2.32 (m, 1H), 1.78 - 1.87 (m, 1H), 1.55 - 1.73 (m, 2H), 1.36 - 1.53 (m, 1H), 1.09 (t, J=6.97 Hz, 3H); HRMS calcd. for C25H32N302 (M+H)+ 422.2444, found 422.2435.

Example-25: 2014/046515 Example-25a; (+)(1-((5,7-dimethyI-1H-indoIyl)methyl)piperidinyl)benzoic acid A mixture of methyl 4-(1-((5,7-dimethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)piperidinyl)benzoate (enantiomer—1), Intermediate 6-1b peak-1 (tr = 2.6 min), (150 mg, 0.398 mmol) and KOH (50 mg, 0.891 mmol) in THF (1 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 1.5h. The mixture was then concentrated. The resulting e was ed by RP-HPLC (HC-B) to afford the title compound. 1H NMR (400 MHz, D20) 6 7.95 (d, J=8.59 Hz, 2H), 7.58 (br. d, J=7.80 Hz, 2H), 7.20 (d, J=3.00 Hz, 1H), 6.71 (s, 1H), 6.08 (br. s., 1H), 4.32 - 4.39 (m, 1H), 4.13 (d, J=13.60 Hz, 1H), 4.06 (d, J=13.60 Hz, 1H), 3.27 (br. d, J=12.40 Hz, 1H), 3.07 - 3.17 (m, 1H), 2.25 (s, 3H), 1.92 - 2.03 (m, 5H), 1.74 - 1.82 (m, 1H), 1.65 - 1.74 (m, 1H), 1.44 - 1.61 (m, 2H); HRMS calcd. for C23H27N202 (M+H)+ 363.2073, found 64.

Example-25b; (-)(1-((5,7-dimethyI-1H-indoIyl)methyl)piperidinyl)benzoic acid The title compound was synthesized from corresponding enantiomer, methyl 4-(1-((5,7- dimethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)piperidinyl)benzoate (enantiomer—2), Intermediate 6-1 peak-2 (tr = 4.1 min), ously to the preparation of e-25a. Analytical data; same as Example-25a.

Example-26: Example-26a; 4-((2S,4S)-(4-ethoxy((5-methoxymethyI-1H-indoIyl)methyl)piperidin y|))benzoic acid ((+) as TFA salt) A mixture of methyl 4-((2S,4S)—4-ethoxy((5-methoxymethyl-1H-indol yl)methyl)piperidinyl)benzoate, Intermediate 6-2b peak-1 (tr = 1.9 min), (84 mg, 0.192 mmol) and LiOH in H20 (1 mL, 1 mmol) in THF (1 mL)/MeOH (2 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 16h, and then then concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by RP-HPLC (HC-A) to afford the title compound. Absolute stereochemistry was determined by comparison with enantiopure synthesis in Example-26c. 1H NMR (TFA salt, 400 MHz, D20) 6 8.12 (d, J=8.19 Hz, 2H), 7.66 (br. d, J=8.20 Hz, 2H), 7.35 (d, J=3.06 Hz, 1H), 6.67 (s, 1H), 6.25 (d, J=3.06 Hz, 1H), 4.65 (dd, J=4.28, 11.49 Hz, 1H), 4.04 (d, J=13.00 Hz, 1H), 3.87 - 3.98 (m, 2H), 3.53 - 3.69 (m, 5H), 3.38 - 3.50 (m, 1H), 3.20 - 3.35 (m, 1H), 2.40 (s, 3H), 2.17 - 2.33 (m, 2H), 2.08 (br. d, J=15.70 Hz,1H), 1.82 - 1.99 (m, 1H), 1.28 (t, J=7.03 Hz, 3H); HRMS calcd. for C25H31N203 (M+H)+ 423.2284, found 423.2263.

Example-26b; 4-((2R,4R)-(4-ethoxy((5-methoxymethyI-1H-indoly|)methyl)piperidin yl))benzoic acid ((-) as TFA salt) HO K .,.o 4-((2R,4R)—(4-ethoxy—1-((5-methoxymethyl-1H-indolyl)methy|)piperidinyl))benzoic acid ((-) as TFA salt) was synthesized from methyl 4-((2R,4R)—4-ethoxy((5-methoxymethyl- 1H-indolyl)methyl)piperidinyl)benzoate (enantiomer—2), Intermediate 6-2b peak-2 (tr = 3.4 min), analogously to the preparation of e-26a. ical data; same as Example-26a. e-26c; 4-((2$,4S)-(4-ethoxy((5-methoxymethyI-1H-indoIyl)methyl)piperidin yl))benzoic acid ((+) as TFA salt) H To a solution of utyl 4-formylmethoxymethyl-1H-indolecarboxylate, Intermediate 1-3, (1.5 g, 5.18 mmol) and methyl 4-((28,4S)—4-ethoxypiperidinyl)benzoate, Intermediate 2-13a, (1.185 g, 4.5 mmol) in DOE (20 mL) was added NaBH(OAc)3 (3 g, 14.15 mmol). The mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 21 .5h. To the mixture was then added additional amount of tert—butyl 4-formylmethoxymethyl-1H-indolecarboxylate (500 mg, 4.50 mmol). The mixture was then stirred at room temperature for another 20h. The on mixture was then diluted with EtOAc, and then washed successively with 5% aq. Nchog, H20, and brine, dried over NaZSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting residue was mixed with LiOH in H20 (15 mL, 15 mmol) and THF (10 mL)/MeOH (20 mL) and was stirred at 70 0C for 8h, and then cooled to room temperature. The reaction mixture was then diluted with H20, and then acidified with half satd. aq. KHSO4 and citric acid. The mixture was then saturated with sodium chloride. The mixture was then extracted with CHZCIZ/TFE (c.a. 9/1 ). The organic layer was then dried over NaZSO4, filtered, and then trated. The resulting residue was purified by RP-HPLC (HC-B) to afford the title compound. Analytical data; same as Example-26a.

WO 09616 Example-26d; 4-((2$,4S)-(4-ethoxy((5-methoxymethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)piperidin yl))benzoic acid hydrochloride HOJKQ K "CFON To a solution of 4-((2S,4S)—(4-ethoxy((5-methoxymethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)piperidin- 2-yl))benzoic acid (620 mg, 1.467 mmol) in HZO/CH3CN (10/3 mL) was added 5M aq. HCI (500 uL, 2.500 mmol). The mixture was then lyophilized. The resulting amorphous nd was then suspended in iPrOH (300 mL). The mixture was heated to 70 °C. The mixture turned to a solution after 1.5h. The solution was then cooled to room temperature with stirring for approx. 5h. The resulting solid was ted by filtration. The solid was dried up under high vacuum at 50 °C to afford the title compound as a crystalline solid. 1H NMR (HCI salt, 400 MHz, CD30D) 6 10.73 (br. s., 1H), 8.23 (d, J=8.44 Hz, 2H), 7.74 (d, J=8.44 Hz, 2H), 7.31-7.36 (m, 1H), 6.77 (s, 1H), 6.37 (dd, J=1.77, 3.12 Hz, 1H), 4.33 (d, J=12.72 Hz, 1H), 4.25 (d, J=12.72 Hz, 1H), 3.79-3.85 (m, 1H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.51-3.67 (m, 4H), 3.37-3.44 (m, 1H), 2.51 (s, 3H), 2.21-2.29 (m, 2H), .15 (m, 2H), 1.31 (t, J=6.97 Hz, 3H). X—ray powder diffraction: Angle d value Intensity % 2-Theta ° Angstrom Count % .0 8.842 41 11.6 7.631 72 .3 5.783 100 16.5 5.360 71 17.3 5.131 66 .1 4.418 77 21.0 4.220 95 22.8 3.900 51 23.3 3.815 73 .3 3.520 52 26.2 3.393 48 31.0 2.887 25 The following Examples were synthesized from appropriate starting materials by applying similar methods described in the examples above: Chemical name Exam structure NMR and HRMS Starting material for enantimer—a Starting material for enantimer—b (+) and (-)(rel-(28,4S)—1-((5,7-dimethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)methoxypiperidin y|)benzoic acid 1H NMR (400 MHz, 020) 5 7.81 (d, J=8.08 Hz, 2H), 7.47 (d, J=8.10 Hz, 2H), 7.11 (d, J=3.03 Hz, 1H), 6.60 (s, 1H), 6.06 (br. s., 1H), 3.92 (br. s., 1H), 3.70 (d, J=12.63 Hz, 1H), 3.59 (br. s., 1H), 3.28 — 3.53 (m, 1H), 3.22 (s, 3H), 2.74 (br. s., 2H), 2.19 (s, 3H), 1.94 — 2.10 (m, 2H), 1.88 (s, 3H), 1.70 — 1.84 (m, 1H), 1.40 — 1.69 (m, 1H); HRMS calcd. for CZ4H29N203 (M+H)+ 78, found "(28148) 393.2179. (re/-(28,4S)—1-((5,7-dimethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)methoxypiperidinyl)benzoic acid was prepared from Example-14a enantiomer—1 (peak-1, tr = 2.4 min) (-)(rel-(28,4S)—1-((5,7-dimethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)methoxypiperidinyl)benzoic acid was prepared from e-14b enantiomer—2 (peak-2, tr = 3.4 min) 4-(rel-(28,4S)—1-((5,7-dimethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)—4-ethoxypiperidinyl)benzoic acid ((+)- as TFA saltand (-)- as TFA salt) 0 1H NMR (TFA salt, 600 MHz, D20) 5 8.04 (d, J=7.79 Hz, 2H), 7.73 HO (br. d, J=7.40 Hz, 2H), 7.38 (d, J=2.84 Hz, 1H), 6.89 (s, 1H), 6.29 N7‘N ( (br. s., 1H), 4.64 (br. s., 1H), 4.28 (br. s, 1H), 4.13 (br. s, 1H), 3.97 (br. s, 1H), 3.65 (q, J=6.94 Hz, 2H), 3.40 (br. s., 1H), 3.22 (br. s., / 1H), 2.45 (s, 3H), 2.34 (br. s., 2H), 2.15 (br. s., 3H), 2.03 - 2.11 (m, 3 1H), 1.90 (br. s., 1H), 1.29 (t, J=7.02 Hz, 3H); HRMS calcd. for 8,48) 025H31N203 (M+H)+ 407.2335, found 407.2332. 4-(rel-(2S,4S)—1-((5,7-dimethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)—4-ethoxypiperidinyl)benzoic acid (+) 27-2a as TFA salt) was prepared from Intermediate 62b enantiomer—1 (peak-1, tr = 1.7 min). "27% 4-(rel-(2S,4S)—1-((5,7-dimethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)ethoxypiperidinyl)benzoic acid ((- ) as TFA salt) was prepared from Intermediate 62b enantiomer—2 (peak-2, tr = 4.4 min). (+) and (rel-(2S,4S)—1-((5-cyclopropylmethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)—4- methoxypiperidinyl)benzoic acid 0 1H NMR (400 MHz, D20) 6 7.81 (br. d, J=8.30 Hz, 2H), 7.51 (br. d, HO J=7.80 Hz, 2H), 7.20 (d, J=3.28 Hz, 1H), 6.52 (s, 1H), 6.16 (br. s., 1H), 4.15 - 4.46 (m, 2H), 3.97 (br. s., 1H), 3.66 (br. s., 1H), 3.24 (s, 3H), 2.96 - 3.20 (m, 2H), 2.23 (s, 3H), 2.14 (br. s., 2H), 1.90 (br. d, / J=15.40 Hz, 1H), 1.70 (br. s., 1H), 1.45 (br. s., 1H), 0.66 (br. s., H 1H), 0.55 (br. s., 1H), 0.14 (br. s., 1H), - 0.11 (br. s., 1H). HRMS rel-(23743) calcd. for C26H31N203 (M+H)+ 419.2335, found 419.2335. "273—" (-)(rel-(2S,4S)—1-((5-cyclopropylmethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)—4-methoxypiperidin - a y|)benzoic acid was prepared from Intermediate 63b enantiomer—1 (peak-1, tr = 2.0 min) "27% (+)(rel-(2S,4S)—1-((5-cyclopropylmethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)—4-methoxypiperidin y|)benzoic acid was prepared from Intermediate 63b enantiomer—2 (peak-2, tr = 4.3 min) (+) and (-)(rel-(2S,4S)—1-((5-cyclopropylmethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)—4- ethoxypiperidinyl)benzoic acid 1H NMR (600 MHz, D20) 6 8.03 (d, J=8.25 Hz, 2H), 7.71 (br. d, J=7.80 Hz, 2H), 7.41 (d, J=2.93 Hz, 1H), 6.71 (s, 1H), 6.32 (br. s., 1H), 4.63 - 4.73 (m, 1H), 4.52 (d, J=12.30 Hz, 1H), 4.30 (d, J=12.30 Hz, 1H), 3.98 (br. s., 1H), 3.65 (q, J=7.00 Hz, 2H), 3.42 - N 3.56 (m, 1H), 3.34 (br. d, J=11.00 Hz, 1H), 2.43 (s, 3H), 2.26 - 2.40 (m, 2H), 2.10 N (d, J=15.31 Hz, 1H), 1.92 (br. s., 1H), 1.61 (br. s., 1H), 1.29 (t, J=7.00 Hz, 3H), 0.87 (br. s., 1H), 0.76 (br. s., 1H), 8,48) 0.34 (br. s., 1H), 0.08 (br. s., 1H). HRMS calcd. for C27H33N203 (M+H)+ 91, found 433.2482. __________ (+)(rel-(2S,4S)—1-((5-cyclopropylmethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)—4-ethoxypiperidin 27-4a y|)benzoic acid was prepared from Intermediate 64b enantiomer—1 and isolated as a TFA salt (peak-1, tr = 1.3 min) WO 09616 (-)(re/-(2S,4S)—1-((5-cyclopropylmethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)—4-ethoxypiperidin 27-4b y|)benzoic acid was prepared from Intermediate 64b enantiomer-2 and isolated as a TFA salt (peak-2, tr = 2.9 min) Example-28: (i)(5-Methoxy((5-methoxymethyl-1H-indoly|)methyl)piperidinyl)benzoic acid (diastereomer—1) N O/ H reomer-1 A mixture of Ba(OH)2 (200 mg, 0.716 mmol) and (i)—ten‘-butyl 4-((2-(4-cyanophenyl)—5- methoxypiperidiny|)methyl)methoxymethyl-1H-indolecarboxylate ereomer—1), Intermediate 419, (60 mg, 0.154 mmol) in iPrOH/HZO (0.5/2 mL) was stirred at 100 °C for 36h.

The mixture was cooled to room ature. The aqueous layer was acidified with AcOH. The mixture was filtered through a plug of celite, which was rinsed with HZO/MeOH (ca. 4/1). The aqueous filtrate was purified by RP-HPLC (HC-B) to afford the title compound. 1H NMR (TFA salt, 400 MHz, D20) 6 8.07 (d, J=8.31 Hz, 2H), 7.63 (d, J=8.31 Hz, 2H), 7.36 (d, J=3.06 Hz, 1H), 6.69 (s, 1H), 6.22 (d, J=3.06 Hz, 1H), 4.40 (dd, J=2.81, 12.23 Hz, 1H), 4.12 (d, J=12.80 Hz, 1H), 3.98 (d, J=12.96 Hz, 1H), 3.59-3.71 (m, 4H), 3.52-3.58 (m, 1H), 3.26 (s, 3H), 2.99 (dd, J=11.50, 11.60 Hz, 1H), 2.41 (s, 3H), 2.34 (br. d, J=13.60 Hz, 1H), 2.19-2.28 (m, 1H), 2.03-2.17 (m, 1H), 1.54-1.68 (m, 1H); HRMS calcd. for C24H29N204 (M+H)+ 409.2127, found 17.

Example-29: (i)(5-Methoxy((5-methoxymethyl-1H-indoly|)methyl)piperidinyl)benzamide (diastereomer—1) N O/ H diastereomer-1 The title compound was isolated in the synthesis of Example-28 as a minor product. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) 6 10.77 (br. s., 1H), 8.09 (d, J=8.44 Hz, 2H), 7.69 (d, J=8.44 Hz, 2H), 7.33-7.38 (m, 1H), 6.79 (s, 1H), 6.31-6.34 (m, 1H), 4.50 (dd, J=2.87, 12.29 Hz, 1H), 4.38 (d, J=12.59 Hz, 1H), 4.24 (d, J=12.59 Hz, 1H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.53-3.64 (m, 2H), 3.28 (s, 3H), 3.03-3.12 (m, 1H), 2.52 (s, 3H), 2.31-2.40 (m, 1H), 2.17-2.25 (m, 1H), 1.99-2.13 (m, 1H), 1.56-1.70 (m, 1H); HRMS calcd. for C24H30N303 (M+H)+ 80, found 408.2287.

The ing Examples were sized from appropriate starting materials by applying similar methods described in the examples above: chemical name Exam p|_e Starting material Chemical StFUCture= NMR and HRMS (i)(5-methoxy((5-methoxymethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)piperidinyl)benzoic acid (diastereomer-2) Intermediate 420 1H NMR (400 MHz, 020) 6 7.90-7.99 (m, 2H), 7.60 (br. d, J=7.90 ﬂ HOJkOU Hz, 2H), 7.33 (t, J=2.93 Hz, 1H), 6.71 (br. d, J=7.30 Hz, 1H), 6.18- N 6.24 (m, 1H), 4.46-4.54 (m, J=12.30 Hz, 1H), 4.14-4.24 (m, 1H), 4.02-4.12 (m, 1H), 3.79 (m, 4H), 3.48-3.56 (m, 1H), 3.33-3.42 (m, N 1H), 3.21 (br. d, J=1.20 Hz, 3H), 2.29-2.43 (m, 4H), 2.15-2.23 (m, diastereomer-2 1H), .07 (m, 1H), 1.83-1.94 (m, 1H); HRMS calcd. for C24H29N204 (M+H)+ 409.2127, found 409.2119. (i)(5-hydroxy((5-methoxymethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)piperidinyl)benzoic acid (diastereomer-1) Intermediate 4-5 O 1H NMR (400 MHz, 020) 6 7.99 (br. d, J=8.15 Hz, 2H), 7.63 (br. d, ﬂ HOXQNOMH J=8.15 Hz, 2H), 7.37 (d, J=3.11 Hz, 1H), 6.82 (s, 1H), 6.29 (d, J=3.11 Hz, 1H), 3.93-4.04 (m, 1H), 3.81-3.92 (m, 2H), 3.72 (s, 3H), 68-NH 3.58-3.79 (m, 1H), .31 (m, 1H), 2.47 (s, 3H), 2.44-2.66 (m, 1H), 2.15 (br. d, J=11.50 Hz, 1H), .09 (m, 1H), 1.92 (br. s., 1H), 1.50-1.64 (m, 1H); HRMS calcd. for C23H27N204 (M+H)+ diastereomer-1 2014/046515 395.1953, found 395.1971. (i)(5-hydroxy((5-methoxymethyl-1H-indoly|)methyl)piperidinyl)benzoic acid (diastereomer-2) Intermediate 4-6 1H NMR (400 MHz, 020) 5 7.98 (br. d, J=8.30 Hz, 2H), 7.61 (br. d, E J=7.90 Hz, 2H), 7.34 (d, J=3.06 Hz, 1H), 6.81 (s, 1H), 6.28 (d, J=3.06 Hz, 1H), 3.73-3.82 (m, 2H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 3.49 (br. d, 0\ J=10.30 Hz, 1H), 3.37 (br. d, J=12.30 Hz, 1H), 3.09-3.18 (m, 1H), N 2.46 (s, 3H), 2.25 (app. br. t, J=10.90 Hz, 1H), 2.05-2.14 (m, 1H), diastereomer_2 1.90-1.98 (m, 1H), 1.70-1.85 (m, 1H), 1.41-1.54 (m, 1H); HRMS calcd. for C23H27N204 (M+H)+ 395.1953, found 395.1965.

Example-31 : ((5,7-Dimethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)-N-methylphenylpiperidinamine-(diastereomer— H diastereomer-1 To a solution of (i)—benzyl (1-((5,7-dimethyltosyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)—2-phenylpiperidin- 4-y|)carbamate ereomer—1), Intermediate 32, (100 mg, 0.161 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was added LiAlH4 (60 mg, 1.581 mmol). The e was stirred at 50 °C for 15h. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0 °C. The reaction was then quenched with H20 (60 uL), 15% aq. NaOH (60 uL), and H20 (120 uL). The mixture was then diluted with THF. The mixture was then filtered through a plug of Celite®, which was rinsed with TH F. The filtrate was then trated. The resulting residue was purified by RP-HPLC (HC-A) to afford the title compound. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDgOD) 6 7.53 (d, J=7.30 Hz, 2H), 7.36 (dd, J=7.30, 7.80 Hz, 2H), 7.25 - 7.30 (m, 1H), 7.14 (d, J=3.30 Hz, 1H), 6.68 (s, 1H), 6.54 (d, J=3.28 Hz, 1H), 3.75 (d, J=12.13 Hz, 1H), 3.50 (dd, J=3.16, 11.49 Hz, 1H), 3.29 (br. d, J=12.10 Hz, 1H), 2.79 - 2.83 (m, 1H), 2.58 - 2.65 (m, 1H), 2.42 - 2.47 (m, 1H), 2.39 (br. s, 6H), 2.25 (s, 3H), 1.96 - 2.06 (m, 1H), 1.83 - 1.90 (m, 1H), 1.68 - 1.77 (m, 2H); HRMS calcd. for C23H30N3 (M+H)+ 348.2440, found 348.2426.

WO 09616 The following examples were synthesized from the appropriate starting material by applying similar methods described in the examples above: chemical name Exam p|_e Starting material chemical structure NMR and HRMS (i)—1-((5,7-dimethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)-N-methylphenylpiperidinamine (diastereomer—2) Intermediate 33 rim 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDgOD) 5 7.53 (br. d, J=7.10 Hz, 2H), 7.37 2_1 (dd, J=7.30, 8.10 Hz, 2H), 7.26 - 7.32 (m, 1H), 7.14 (d, J=3.15 Hz, 1H), 6.67 (s, 1H), 6.51 (d, J=3.15 Hz, 1H), 3.71 (d, J=12.13 Hz, <1 1H), 3.11 - 3.20 (m, 2H), 2.85 (td, J=3.35, 12.00 Hz, 1H), 2.50 - H. 2.60 (m, 1H), 2.40 (s, 3H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 2.24 (s, 3H), 2.03 - 2.11 d'aStereomer'Z (m, 1H), 1.96 - 2.03 (m, 1H), 1.77 - 1.85 (m, 1H), 1.53 - 1.63 (m, 1H), 1.23 - 1.35 (m, 1H); HRMS calcd. for N3 (M+H)+ 40, found 348.2430. (i)— (4-(1-((5,7-dimethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)piperidinyl)phenyl)methanamine Intermediate 311 1H NMR (TFA salt, 400 MHz, D20) 5 7.64 (br. d, J=7.94 Hz, 2H), HZNno 7.55 (br. d, J=7.94 HZ, 2H), 7.29 (d, J=3.03 HZ, 1H), 6.81 2-2 (s, 1H), N 6.17 (br. s., 1H), 4.36 - 4.42 (m, 1H), 4.24 (d, J=13.40 HZ, 1H), 4.12 - 4.18 (m, 3H), 3.34 (br. d, J=12.10 Hz, 1H), 3.14 - 3.24 (m, N 1H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 1.98 - 2.11 (m, 5H), 1.72 - 1.89 (m, 2H), 1.50 - 1.88 (m, 2H); HRMS calcd. for C23H30N3 (M+H)+ 348.2434, found 348.2434. (4-((2S,4S)—4-methoxy—1-((5-methoxymethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)piperidin yl)phenyl)methanol Example-21b 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDgOD) 5 9.05 (br. s., 1H), 7.79 (br. d, J=8.60 |'.°00 00 I Hz, 2H), 7.63 (br. d, J=7.90 Hz, 2H), 7.19 (app. t, J=2.81 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (br. s., 1H), 6.70 (s, 1H), 6.52 (dd, J=2.08, 3.18 Hz, 1H), 3.73 (s, 3H), 3.62 (d, J=11.92 Hz, 1H), 3.43 - 3.54 (m, 6H), 3.31 (s, / \ 3H), 3.28 (s, 3H), 3.23 (d, J=11.92 Hz, 1H), 2.47 - 2.54 (m, 1H), H (2343) 2.42 (s, 3H), 2.28 - 2.37 (m, 1H), 1.86 - 1.89 (m, 1H), 1.67 - 1.80 (m, 2H), 1.45 - 1.55 (m, 1H); HRMS calcd. for C27H35N304 (M+H)+ 466.2706, found 466.2696.

Example-33: (i)((2-(3-(2H-tetrazolyl)phenyl)piperidiny|)methyl)-5,7-dimethyl-1H-indole A e of (i)—ten‘-butyl 4-((2-(3-cyanophenyl)piperidinyl)methyl)—5,7-dimethyl-1H- indole—1-carboxylate, Intermediate 4-7, (130 mg, 0.293 mmol), NaNs (58 mg, 0.88 mmol) and CdClz (11 mg, 0.06 mmol) in DMF (1.5 mL) was stirred at 100 °C for 6 h, and then cooled to room temperature. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc. The organic phase was then washed successively with H20 (twice), and brine, dried over NaZSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by RP-HPLC (HC-A) to afford the title compound. 1H NMR (HCI salt, 400 MHz, CD30D) 5 8.16 - 8.31 (m, 2H), 7.54 - 7.74 (m, 2H), 7.25 (d, J=2.78 Hz, 1H), 6.80 (s, 1H), 6.34 (br. s., 1H), 4.53 (br. d, J=10.10 Hz, 1H), 4.38 (d, J=13.40 Hz, 1H), 4.30 (d, J=13.40 Hz, 1H), 3.54 (br. d, 0 Hz, 1H), 3.35 - 3.43 (m, 1H), 2.43 (s, 3H), 2.22 - 2.31 (m, 1H), 2.13 - 2.21 (m, J=13.40 Hz, 1H), 2.09 (br. s., 3H), 1.96 - 2.04 (m, 1H), 1.72 - 1.96 (m, 3H); HRMS calcd. for N5 (M+H)+ 41, found 385.2142.

Example-34: (i)(1-((5,7-Dimethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)piperidinyl)benzamide O N A mixture of (i)—methyl (5,7-dimethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)piperidinyl)benzoate, ediate 4-8, (80 mg, 0.212 mmol), CaC|2 (100 mg, 0.901 mmol), and NH4OH (33%, 10 m) in MeOH (10 mL) was stirred at 80 °C for ca. 16h. The reaction mixture was then cooled to room temperature. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc. The c phase was then washed sively with H20 (twice), and brine, dried over , filtered, and trated. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography (HC-A) to afford the title compound. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) 6 8.03 (s, 1H), 7.80 (d, J=7.80 Hz, 1H), 7.74 (br. d, J=7.60 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (dd, J=7.60, 7.80 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (d, J=3.28 Hz, 1H), 6.66 (s, 1H), 6.49 (d, J=3.20 Hz, 1H), 3.68 (d, J=12.13 Hz, 1H), 3.14 - 3.25 (m, J=11.40 Hz, 2H), 2.87 (d, J=11.62 Hz, 1H), 2.39 (s, 3H), 2.16 - 2.28 (m, 3H), 1.93 - 2.15 (m, 1H), 1.65 - 1.89 (m, 3H), 1.34 - 1.63 (m, 3H); HRMS calcd. for C23H28N30 (M+H)+ 362.2232, found 362.2223.

Example-35: (i)-(3-(1-((5,7-Dimethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)piperidinyl)phenyl)methanol A mixture of (i)—methyl 3-(1-((5,7-dimethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)piperidinyl)benzoate, Intermediate 4-8, (230 mg, 0.611 mmol) and NaBH4 (200 mg, 5.29 mmol) in THF/MeOH (10 mL/5 mL) was stirred under the reflux condition for 3h. The mixture was partially concentrated. The resulting residue was then diluted with EtOAc. The mixture was then washed successively with H20 and brine, dried over NaZSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography (HC-A) to afford the title compound. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-ds) 6 10.82 (br. s., 1H), 7.46 (br. s., 1H), 7.37 (br. d, J=7.60 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (dd, J=7.30, 7.60 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (br. d, J=7.60 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (br. dd, J=2.80, 3.00 Hz, 1H), 6.63 (s, 1H), 6.50 (dd, J=2.02, 2.80 Hz, 1H), 5.18 (t, J=5.81 Hz, 1H), 4.52 (d, J=5.81 Hz, 2H), 3.59 (d, J=12.13 Hz, 1H), 3.00 - 3.12 (m, 2H), 2.57 - 2.66 (m, 1H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 2.22 (s, 3H), 1.84 - 1.94 (m, 1H), 1.54 - 1.75 (m, 3H), 1.46 (br. d, J=8.30 Hz, 1H), 1.26 - 1.41 (m, 2H); HRMS calcd. for C23H29N20 (M+H)+ 349.2280, found 349.2276.

Example-36: (i)-(4-(reI-(2S,4S)-(2-(4-(1H-tetrazolyl)phenyl)ethoxypiperidiny|)methyl)methoxy methyl-1H-indole: ,N=N HN\ / H rel-(28,48) To a solution of (i)—ten‘-butyl 4-(rel-(28,4S)—(2-(4-cyanophenyl)ethoxypiperidin y|)methyl)methoxymethy|—1H-indoIecarboxylate, Intermediate 53a, (50 mg, 0.099 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) was added NaNs (30 mg, 0.461 mmol), followed by omolybdic acid hydrate (CAS: 74-4, 30 mg, 0.099 mmol). The mixture was then stirred at 110 °C for 3 days, and then cooled to room temperature. The on mixture was diluted with EtOAc. The mixture was then filtered through a plug of silica gel, which was rinsed with EtOAc/MeOH (ca. 4/1 ). The filtrate was then concentrated. The resulting e was purified by RP-HPLC (HC-B) to afford the title compound. 1H NMR (400 MHz, D20) 6 8.11 (br. d, J=7.80 Hz, 2H), 7.68 (br. d, J=8.10 Hz, 2H), 7.36 (br. s., 1H), 6.75 (br. s., 1H), 6.30 (br. s., 1H), 4.51 (br. s., 1H), 4.15 - 4.26 (m, 1H), 3.91 - 4.01 (m, 2H), 3.60 - 3.71 (m, 5H), 3.14 - 3.41 (m, 2H), 2.40 (s, 3H), 2.19 - 2.35 (m, 2H), 1.86 - 2.12 (m, 2H), 1.29 (t, J=6.82 Hz, 3H); HRMS calcd. for C25H31N502 (M+H)+ 447.2508, found 447.2489.

Example-37: (+)((2S,4S)ethoxy((5-methoxymethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)piperidinyl)-N- (methylsulfonyl)benzamide o /o o To a solution of 4-((2S,4S)—(4-ethoxy((5-methoxymethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)piperidin- 2-yl)benzoic acid, Example-26a, (98 mg, 0.232 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) were added methanesulfonamide (33.1 mg, 0.348 mmol) and HATU (97 mg, 0.255 mmol), followed by Et3N (0.097 mL, 0.696 mmol). The mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 20h. To the mixture was added an additional amount of methanesulfonamide (20 mg, 0.21 mmol), and then the mixture was stirred for 48h. The reaction was quenched with MeOH /H20 (ca. 1/1), which was ed by RP-HPLC (HC-B) to afford the title compound. 1H NMR z, CD30D) 6 8.21 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.62 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.32 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 6.77 (s, 1H), 6.33 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 1H), 4.77 - 4.70 (m, 1H), 4.37 - 4.29 (m, 1H), 4.27 - 4.16 (m, 1H), 3.81 (br. s., 1H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.70 - 3.65 (m, 1H), 3.64 - 3.54 (m, 3H), 3.16 - 3.10 (m, 5H), 2.51 (s, 3H), 2.29 - 2.20 (m, 2H), 2.11 - 1.92 (m, 2H), 1.31 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H); HRMS ca|cd. for C25H34N305S (M+H)+ 500.2219, found 500.2207.

Example-38: 4-((2S,4S)methoxy((5-methoxymethyl-1H-indoly|)methyl)piperidiny|)-N- methylbenzamide To a solution of 4-(4-methoxy(2S,4S—(5-methoxymethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)piperidin- 2-yl)benzoic acid, Example-21b, (30 mg, 0.073 mmol) and methylamine (in THF, 100 uL, 0.2 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) was added a on of EDC-HCI (20 mg, 0.104 mmol) and HOAt (10 mg, 0.073 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 13h. To the mixture was then added additional amount of EDC-HCI (20 mg, 0.104 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2h. The reaction was quenched with H20. The mixture was purified by RP-HPLC (HC-B) to afford the title compound. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3CN) 6 9.05 (br. s., 1H), 7.78 (d, J=8.60 Hz, 2H), 7.63 (br. d, J=8.10 Hz, 2H), 7.18 - 7.21 (m, 1H), 6.93 (br. s., 1H), 6.70 (s, 1H), 6.52 (dd, , 3.10 Hz, 1H), 3.73 (s, 3H), 3.62 (d, J=11.98 Hz, 1H), 3.44 - 3.51 (m, 2H), 3.28 (s, 3H), 3.23 (d, J=11.98 Hz, 1H), 2.85 (d, J=4.77 Hz, 3H), 2.47 - 2.54 (m, 1H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 2.28 - 2.37 (m, 1H), 1.68 - 1.79 (m, 2H), 1.44 - 1.55 (m, 1H) HRMS ca|cd. for C25H32N303 (M+H)+ 422.2444, found 422.2430.

The following examples were synthesized from appropriate starting materials by ng similar methods described in the examples above: Chemical name starting material Chemical structure NMR; HRMS 4-((28,4S)—4-methoxy((5-methoxymethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)piperidinyl)-N,N- ylbenzamide Example-21b and dimethylamine 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDBCN) 5 9.05 (br. s., 1H), 7.60 (br. d, J=7.90 Hz, 2H), 7.39 (br. d, J=8.40 Hz, 2H), 7.19 (dd, J=2.80, 2.90 Hz, 1H), 6.70 (s, 1H), 6.53 (dd, J=2.08, 3.06 Hz, 1H), 3.73 (s, 3H), 3.66 (d, J=12.23 Hz, 1H), 3.42 - 3.50 (m, 2H), 3.29 (s, 3H), 3.25 (d, J=11.40 Hz, 1H), 2.89 - 3.04 (m, 6H), 2.48 - 2.55 (m, 1H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 2.29 - 2.38 (m, 1H), 1.69 - 1.80 (m, 3H), 1.46 - 1.56 (m, 1H); HRMS calcd. for 026H34N303 (M+H)+ 00, found 436.2589. (4-((28,4S)—4-methoxy—1-((5-methoxymethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)piperidin yl)phenyl)(morpholino)methanone Example-21b and morpholine 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDBCN) 5 9.07 (br. s., 1H), 7.61 (br. d, J=7.80 Hz, 2H), 7.39 (d, J=8.31 Hz, 2H), 7.18 (dd, J=2.81, 2.93 Hz, 1H), 6.69 (s, 1H), 6.50 - 6.58 (m, 1H), 3.73 (s, 3H), 3.31 - 3.70 (m, 11H), 3.28 (s, 3H), 3.25 (d, J=11.70 Hz, 1H), 2.48 - 2.57 (m, 1H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 2.28 - 2.39 (m, 1H), 1.86 - 1.91 (m, 1H), 1.69 - 1.80 (m, 2H), 1.45 - 1.56 (m, 1H); HRMS calcd. for cngssto4 (M+H)+ 478.2706, found 478.2696.

N-(2-hydroxyethyl)((28,4S)—4-methoxy—1-((5-methoxymethyI-1H-indoI y|)methy|)piperidinyl)benzamide Example-21b and 2-ethanolamine 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3CN) 5 9.06 (br. s., 1H), 7.82 (br. d, J=8.60 Hz, 2H), 7.64 (br. d, J=8.10 Hz, 2H), 7.20 (app. t, J=2.81 Hz, 1H), 7.10 - 7.17 (m, 1H), 6.70 (s, 1H), 6.53 (dd, J=2.10, 3.20 Hz, 1H), 3.74 (s, 3H), 3.59 - 3.66 (m, 3H), 3.41 - 3.52 (m, 4H), 3.28 (s, 3H), 3.24 (d, J=12.00 Hz, 1H), 3.10 - 3.17 (m, 1H), 2.47 - 2.54 (m, 1H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 2.28 - 2.38 (m, 1H), 1.87 - 1.90 (m, 1H), 1.66 - 1.80 (m, 2H), 1.44 - 1.56 (m, 1H); HRMS calcd. for C26H34N304 (M+H)+ 452.2549, found 452.2532. ,4S)—4-methoxy((5-methoxymethy|—1H-indoIyl)methyl)piperidinyl)—N-(2- methoxyethyl)benzamide Example-21b and oxyethylamine 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3CN) 5 9.05 (br. s., 1H), 7.79 (br. d, J=8.60 Hz, 2H), 7.63 (br. d, J=7.90 Hz, 2H), 7.19 (app. t, J=2.81 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (br. s., 1H), 6.70 (s, 1H), 6.52 (dd, J=2.08, 3.18 Hz, 1H), 3.73 (s, 3H), 3.62 (d, J=11.92 Hz, 1H), 3.43 - 3.54 (m, 6H), 3.31 (s, 3H), 3.28 (s, 3H), 3.23 (d, J=11.92 Hz, 1H), 2.47 - 2.54 (m, 1H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 2.28 - 2.37 (m, 1H), 1.86 - 1.89 (m, 1H), 1.67 - 1.80 (m, 2H), 1.45 - 1.55 (m, 1H); HRMS calcd. for C27H36N304 (M+H)+ 466.2706, found 466.2696.

Example-40: (i)-N-((4-(1-((5-cyclopropylmethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)piperidin yl)phenyl)sulfonyl)acetamide The title nd was sized from (i)—ten‘-butyl 4-((2-(4-(N- acetylsulfamoyl)phenyl)piperidinyl)methy|)cyc|opropylmethyl-1H-indolecarboxylate, Intermediate 326, analogously to the preparation of Example-22. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3COCD3)610.55(br.s., 1H), 9.98 (br. s., 1H), 8.01 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.79 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.24 (app. t, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 6.69 (dd, J=2.0, 3.1 Hz, 1H), 6.55 (s, 1H), 3.84 (d, J=12.1 Hz, 1H), 3.43 (d, J=12.1 Hz, 1H), 3.29 (dd, J=3.0, 10.6 Hz, 1H), 2.88 - 2.82 (m, 1H), 2.40 (s, 3H), 2.27 - 2.22 (m, 1H), 2.00 (s, 3H), 1.81 - 1.74 (m, 2H), 1.74 - 1.67 (m, 1H), 1.57 - 1.52 (m, 1H), 1.51 - 1.39 (m, 2H), 0.89 - 0.79 (m, 1H), 0.76 - 0.69 (m, 1H), 0.62 - 0.54 (m, 1H), 0.20 - 0.12 (m, 1H). HRMS calcd. for C25H32N3038 (M+H)+ 466.2159, found 466.2140. e-41: Ethyl 4-((2S,4R)((5-methoxymethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)methylpiperidin yl)benzoate /\OJJ\© To a solution of EtOH (200 mL) was added AcCl (2.0 mL), and then the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 min. To the solution was added (+)((2S,4R)—1-((5-methoxymethyl- 1H-indolyl)methyl)methylpiperidinyl)benzoic acid, Example-20a, (300 mg, 0.764 mmol), and then the mixture was stirred for 12h under the reflux condition. The reaction mixture was then cooled to room temperature. The mixture was then rendered basic by satd. aq. NaHCO3, and then concentrated to remove EtOH. The e was then extracted with EtOAc. The organic phase 2014/046515 was then washed with brine, dried over NaZSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by by silica gel flash column chromatography (heptanes/EtOAc = 100:0 to 40:60) to afford the title compound. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) 6 8.04 (d, J=8.46 Hz, 2 H) 7.65 (d, J=7.71 Hz, 2 H) 7.19 (d, J=3.03 Hz, 1 H) 6.67 (s, 1 H) 6.40 (d, J=3.16 Hz, 1 H) 4.38 (q, J=7.07 Hz, 2 H) .81 (m, 1 H), 3.74 (s, 3 H) 3.20-3.27 (m, 2 H) 3.21 (d, J=12.00 Hz, 1 H) 3.02 (d, J=12.38 Hz, 1 H) 2.45 (s, 3 H) 2.18 (d, J=8.84 Hz, 1 H) 1.70 (d, J=12.63 Hz, 1 H) 1.49 - 1.63 (m, 2 H) 1.40 (t, J=7.14 Hz, 3 H) 1.26 - 1.36 (m, 1 H) 0.90 (d, J=6.32 Hz, 3 H). HRMS calcd. for C25H33N203 (M+H) 421.2491, found 421.2475.

Example-42: Ethyl 4-((2$,4S)ethoxy((5-methoxymethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)piperidin yl)benzoate 0’0V The title compound was synthesized analogoulsy as described in Example 41 starting from 4- ((28,4S)-(4-ethoxy((5-methoxymethyl-1H-indoly|)methy|)piperidiny|))benzoic acid, Example-26c. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) 6 ppm 8.05 (d, J=8.46 Hz, 2H), 7.67 (d, J=8.08 Hz, 2H), 7.19 (d, J=3.12 Hz, 1H), 6.67 (s, 1H), 6.40 (d, J=3.12 Hz, 1H), 4.38 (q, J=7.12 Hz, 2H), 3.71- 3.80 (m, 4H), .69 (m, 2H), 3.46-3.58 (m, 2H), 3.20-3.28 (m, 1H), 2.70-2.81 (m, 1H), 2.47-2.60 (m, 1H), 2.45 (s, 3H), 1.88-1.98 (m, 1H), 1.64-1.88 (m, 3H), 1.40 (t, J=7.12 Hz, 3H), 1.26 (t, J=7.01 Hz, 3H). HRMS calcd. for C27H35N204 (M+H)+ 451.2597, found 451.2603.

Biological Example 1: Human complement factor B ELISA assay CVF-Bb complex prepared from purified cobra venom factor (1 uM), recombinant human complement factor B (expressed in hila cells and purified using standard methods) and human complement factor D (expressed in E. Coli, refolded and purified using standard methods).

CVF-Bb complex at 3 nM concentration was incubated with test compound at s concentrations for 1 hour at room ature in PBS pH 7.4 containing 10 mM MgC|2 and 0.05% (w/v) CHAPS. Human complement C3 substrate purified from plasma was added to a final concentration of 1 uM. After 1 hour incubation at room temperature, the enzyme reaction was 2014/046515 stopped by addition of a cocktail of concentrated pan-protease inhibitors. The product of the reaction, C3a, was quantified by means of an enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay. |C50 values were ated from percentage of inhibition of CVF-Bb activity as a function of test compound concentration.

Biological Example 2: Human complement factor B TR-FRET assay ical Example 2.1. (+) or (-)-tert-Butyl 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)piperazinecarboxylate Resolution of the enantiomers of (i)—ten‘-butyl 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)piperazinecarboxylate (CAS: 8899567) was achieved by chiral HPLC using a CHIRALPAK AD column with e/EtOAc/MeOH 90/5/5 + 0.1 diethylamine to give (+) or (-)-ten‘-butyl 3-(3- hydroxyphenyl)piperazinecarboxylate (tr = 9.7 min) and (-) or (+)-tert—butyl 3-(3- hydroxyphenyl)piperazinecarboxylate (tr = 15.7 min).

Biological Example 2.2. (+) or (-)-tert-Butyl 2- (((benzyloxy)carbonyl)amino)ethoxy)phenyl)piperazinecarboxylate "mic"(j K/fo‘: (+) or (-)-ten‘-butyl 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)piperazinecarboxylate (tr = 9.7 min) (Biological Example 2.1) (300 mg, 1.078 mmol) and benzyl 2-hydroxyethylcarbamate (210 mg, 1.078 mmol) were dissolved in THF (10 ml). Tributylphosphine (0.404 ml, 1.617 mmol) was added, and after cooling to 0°C, DEAD 40% in toluene (0.640 ml, 1.617 mmol) was added dropwise. The reaction was stirred for 2h at 0 °C, then for ca. 16h at rt. The reaction mixture was diluted with s . The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with AcOEt. The organic phase dried over M9804 and concentrated in vacuum. The resulting residue was purified by preparative HPLC (Macherey-Nagel sil 100-10 C18, CH3CN/H20 (0.1% TFA)) to give the title compound. MS (ESI+) m/z 455.2 (M+H).

Biological Example 2.3. (+) or (-)-tert-Butyl 4-(4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolinyl)(3-(2- (((benzyloxy)carbonyl)amino)ethoxy)phenyl)piperazinecarboxylate NH2 O\/\NJJ\o/\[j /Oj:f\N H \o \NLN K/NYO A solution of 2-chloro-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolinamine (CAS: 236804) (105 mg, 0.439 mmol) and (+) or (-)-ten‘-butyl 3-(3-(2-(((benzyloxy)carbonyl)amino)ethoxy)phenyl)piperazine—1- carboxylate (100 mg, 0.220 mmol) in isoamyl alcohol (5 ml) was stirred for 16 hr at 135 °C. After evaporation, the resulting residue was purified by preparative HPLC rey-Nagel Nucleosil® 100-10 C18, HZO (0.1% TFA)) to give the title compound. MS (ESI+) m/z 659.2 (M+H).

Biological Example 2.4. (+) or (-)-tert-Butyl ((1R)(4-(4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-Z-yl)- 3-(3-(2-(((benzyloxy)carbonyl)amino)ethoxy)phenyl)piperaziny|)oxo phenylpropyl)carbamate NH2 O\/\NJJ\O/\© \o \NAN o HNYO (+) or (-)-ten‘-Butyl 4-(4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolinyl)—3-(3-(2- (((benzyloxy)carbonyl)amino)ethoxy)phenyl)piperazinecarboxylate (60 mg, 0.078 mmol) was dissolved in 4N HCI in dioxane (5 ml) and stirred for 1 hr at rt. The on e was evaporated. The resulting resdue was dissolved in DMF (3 ml), and (R)—3-((ten‘- butoxycarbonyl)amino)—3-pheny|propanoic acid (21.0 mg, 0.079 mmol), DIPEA (0.041 ml, 0.238 mmol) and HATU (60.2 mg, 0.158 mmol) were added. The solution was d for 16 hr at rt. The reaction mixture was filtrated and evaporated in vacuum. The resulting residue was purified by preparative HPLC (Waters SunFireT'VI Prep C18 OBD, CH3CN/H20 (0.1% TFA)) to give the title compound. MS (ES|+) m/z 806.2 (M+H). ical Example 2.5. (+) or ((1E,3E,5E)(1-(6-((2-(3-(1-(4-amino-6,7- dimethoxyquinazoliny|)((R)((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino) phenylpropanoyl)piperazinyl)phenoxy)ethyl)amino)oxohexyl)-3,3-dimethyl sulfoindolinylidene)penta-1,3-dienyl)ethyl-3,3-dimethylsulfo-3H-indolium 0\ no \S—OH (+) or (-)-ten‘-Butyl ((1R)—3-(4-(4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolinyl)—3-(3-(2- (((benzyloxy)carbonyl)amino)ethoxy)phenyl)piperazinyl)oxopheny|propyl)carbamate (17 mg, 0.021 mmol) was dissolved in EtOH (5 ml), and added Pd/C (2.24 mg, 2.109 umol). The reaction was stirred under H2 for 16 hr at room temperature. The on mixture was filtered and evaporated. The resulting residue was dissolved in DMF (2 ml), and 2-((1E,3E,5E)—5-(1-(6-((2,5- dioxopyrrolidiny|)oxy)—6-oxohexyl)—3,3-dimethylsulfoindolinylidene)penta-1,3-dienyl)—1- ethyl-3,3-dimethyl-3H—indoliumsulfonate (Cy-5, CAS: 146368—14-1) (13.32 mg, 0.020 mmol), DIPEA (0.018 ml, 0.101 mmol) and HATU (15.40 mg, 0.040 mmol) were added. The solution stirred for 16 hr at rt. The reaction mixture evaporated in vacuum and purified by preparative HPLC (Macherey—Nagel Nucleosil® 100-10 C18, CH3CN/H20 (0.1% TFA)) to give the title nd. MS (ESI+) m/z 656.1 (M/2).

Biological Example 2.6. (+) or (-)((1E,3E,5E)(1-(6-((2-(3-(4-((R)amino phenylpropanoyl)—1-(4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolinyl)piperazin yl)phenoxy)ethyl)amino)oxohexyl)-3,3-dimethylsulfoindolinylidene)penta-1,3-dien y|)ethy|-3,3-dimethylsulfo-3H-indolium (+) or (-)((1E,3E,5E)—5-(1-(6-((2-(3-(1-(4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolinyl)((R)((tert— butoxycarbonyl)amino)pheny|propanoy|)piperazinyl)phenoxy)ethy|)amino)oxohexyl)-3,3- dimethylsulfoindolinylidene)penta-1,3-dieny|)ethyl-3,3-dimethylsulfo-3H-indolium (4 mg, 3.05 umol) was dissolved in 4N HCI in dioxane (3 ml) and stirred for 1 hr at rt. The mixture was purified by preparative HPLC (Waters SunfireT'VI C18 OBD, CH3CN/H20 (0.1% TFA)) to give the title compound. Fractions were ed and evaporated to dryness. The residue was dissolved in a minimum amount of CH3CN and 1M aqueous HCI solution (3 ml, 3.00 mmol) was added. Mixture was then ated to give the title compound as HCI salt. 1H NMR (HCI salt, 400 MHz, CD30D) 6 8.30 (m, 2 H), 7.90 (s, 1 H), 7.89 (d, J = 5.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.86 (d, J = 5.6 Hz, 1H), 7.72 (dd, J = 8.1, 37 Hz, 1 H), 7.55 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1 H), 7.37-7.47 (m, 5 H), 7.07-7.28 (m, 4 H), 6.86-6.95 (m, 3 H), 6.68 (t, J = 12.5 Hz, 1 H), 6.38 (dd, J = 4.5, 18.4 Hz, 1 H), 6.31 (d, J = 13.9 Hz, 1 H), 5.95 (br. s, 1 H), 4.76-4.84 (m, 1 H), 4.68-4.71 (m, 1 H), 4.46-4.57 (m, 1 H), 4.18-4.31 (m, 3 H), .11 (m, 3 H), 3.80-4.00 (m, 8 H), .60 (m, 3 H), 3.06-3.09 (m, 2 H), 2.84 (dd, J = 3.8, 22.5 Hz, 1 H), 2.12- 2.22 (m, 2 H), 1.75-1.86 (m, 2 H), 1.73 (s, 6 H), 1.70 (s, 6 H), 1.59-1.69 (m, 2 H), 1.39 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3 H), 1.29-1.37 (m, 2 H). UPLC-MS (ES|+) m/z 606.1 (M/2); Instrument: Waters UPLC y; column: Acquity HSS T3 1.8um 2.1x50mm at 50°C, eluent A: water + 0.05 % HCOOH + 3.75 mM ammonium acetate, B: CH3CN + 0.04 % HCOOH, Gradient: 5 to 98 % B in 1.4 min, flow: 1.0 ; Retention time: 0.64 min.

Biological Example 2.7. Recombinant human factor B (expressed in drosophila cells and purified using standard methods) labeled with biotin (10 nM), europium-labeled streptavidin (5 nM) and (+) or (-)((1E,3E,5E)—5-(1-(6-((2-(3-(4-((R)aminophenylpropanoyl)—1-(4-amino-6,7- dimethoxyquinazolinyl)piperazinyl)phenoxy)ethy|)amino)oxohexyl)-3,3-dimethyl sulfoindolinylidene)penta-1,3-dieny|)ethyl-3,3-dimethylsulfo-3H-indolium (Biological Example 2.6, 240 nM ty agaist factor B when tested using the assay of Biological Example 1) (75 nM) were incubated with test compound at various concentrations up to 2 hours at room temperature in 20mM CI, pH 7.4, 0.005% (v/v) Tween20.

The time-gated decrease in fluorescence intensity related to the competition between labeled and unlabeled factor B ligands was recorded at both 620 nm and 665 nm, 70 us after tion at 337 nm using a microplate ofluorimeter. |C50 values were calculated from percentage of inhibition of complement factor B-(+) or (-)((1E,3E,5E)—5-(1-(6-((2-(3-(4-((R)—3- aminophenylpropanoyl)—1-(4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolinyl)piperazin yl)phenoxy)ethyl)amino)—6-oxohexyl)-3,3-dimethylsulfoindolinylidene)penta-1,3-dienyl)—1- ethyl-3,3-dimethylsulfo-3H—indolium (Biological Example 2.6, 240 nM activity agaist factor B when tested using the assay of Biological Example 1) displacement as a function of test compound concentration.

Compounds of invention are active on factor B inhibition. Data on Table 1 collected using the assay of Biological Example 2.

Table 1 e number |C50 (uM) Example number |C50 (uM) e-1 >100 Example24 0.035 Example-2b (+) >100 Example25 0.045 Example-2b (-) 7.9 Example26 4.6 Example-3 6 Example27 >100 Example-4b (+) 67 Example28 0.16 Example-4b (-) 0.72 Example-18 2.8 Example1 7.2 Example-19 >100 Example2 7.9 Example-20a 0.009 Example3 2.6 Example-20b 0.29 Example4 0.18 e-21a 0.019 Example5 3.5 Example-21b 0.65 Example6 0.66 Example1a 0.019 e number 1050 (11M) Example number |C50 (HM) Example7 8.3 1.8 Example1 b Example8 24 Example2a 2.2 Example9 7.1 Example2b 0.013 Example10 1.5 Example-23a >100 Example11 1.3 Example-23b 1.8 e12 0.037 Example-24 8.7 Example-6 14 Example-25a 15 Example-7 9. 4 Example-25b 0.047 e-8 0.71 Example-26a 0.01 Example-9—1 e-26b 1.1 Example-9—2 0.64 Example1 a 3.7 Example-10 11 Example1 b 0.022 Example-11 0.23 Example2a 0.015 Example-12 2.3 Example2b 16 Example-13 0.14 Example3a 0.014 e-14a 1.7 Example3b 0.74 Example-15 8.7 Example4a 0.009 Example-16 0.03 Example4b 1.7 Example1 0.019 Example-28 1.5 Example2 0.12 Example-29 33 Example3 0.038 Example1 3.4 Example4 0.087 Example2 8.2 Example5 0.03 Example3 1.3 Example6 6.6 Example1 3.4 Example7 4.5 Example2 8.2 Example number I050 (HM) Example number |C50 (HM) e8 0.07 Example3 1.3 Example9 Example-31 6.8 Example10 0.1 Example1 36 Example11 0.015 Example2 36 Example12 0.45 Example3 0.34 Example13 0.063 Example-33 1.2 Example14 1.8 Example-34 2.9 Example15 0.023 Example-35 2.7 Example16 1.9 Example-36 0.02 Example17 2.1 Example-37 0.022 e18 0.027 Example-38 0.13 Example19 29 Example1 1.7 Example20 2.8 Example2 1.8 Example21 0.84 Example3 0.28 Example22 0.1 Example4 0.3 e23 1.7 Example-40 0.055 Example29 0.011 Example-41 0.165 e30 0.013 Example-42 0.24 THE REST OF THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. A compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which is 4-((2S,4S)-(4-ethoxy ((5-methoxymethyl-1H-indolyl)methyl)piperidinyl))benzoic acid

2. A pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more pharmaceutically acceptable rs and a eutically effective amount of a compound of claim 1 or a pharmaceutically able salt thereof.

3. A pharmaceutical combination comprising a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and a second eutically active agent.

4. Use of a compound of claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for modulating ment alternative pathway activity.

5. Use of a compound of claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the cture of a medicament for treating a disorder or a disease mediated by complement tion.

6. The use of claim 5, wherein the disorder or disease is mediated by activation of the complement alternative pathway.

7. The use of claim 5, wherein the disorder or disease is selected from the group consisting of age-related macular degeneration, geographic atrophy, diabetic retinopathy, uveitis, retinitis pigmentosa, macular edema, Behcet’s uveitis, multifocal ditis, Vogt-Koyangi-Harada syndrome, imtermediate uveitis, birdshot retino-chorioditis, sympathetic ophthalmia, ocular dicatricial pemphigoid, ocular pemphigus, nonartertic ischemic optic neuropathy, post-operative inflammation, retinal vein occlusion, neurological disorders, multiple sclerosis, stroke, Guillain Barre Syndrome, traumatic brain injury, Parkinson's disease, disorders of inappropriate or undesirable complement activation, hemodialysis complications, hyperacute allograft ion, xenograft rejection, interleukin-2 induced toxicity during IL-2 y, inflammatory disorders, inflammation of autoimmune diseases, Crohn's disease, adult respiratory distress me, myocarditis, postischemic reperfusion conditions, myocardial infarction, balloon angioplasty, post-pump syndrome in cardiopulmonary bypass or renal bypass, atherosclerosis, hemodialysis, renal ischemia, mesenteric artery reperfusion after aortic truction, infectious disease or sepsis, immune complex disorders and mune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), SLE tis, proliferative nephritis, liver is, hemolytic anemia, myasthenia gravis, tissue regeneration, neural ration, a, hemoptysis, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema, pulmonary embolisms and infarcts, pneumonia, fibrogenic dust diseases, pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, allergy, bronchoconstriction, ensitivity nitis, parasitic diseases, Goodpasture's Syndrome, pulmonary vasculitis, Pauci-immune vasculitis, immune x-associated inflammation, antiphospholipid syndrome, glomerulonephritis, and obesity.

8. Use of a compound of claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for treating age-related macular degeneration.

9. Use of a compound of claim 1 or a ceutically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for treating smal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH).

10. Use of a compound of claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for treating atypical tic uremic syndrome (aHUS).

11. The compound of claim 1, which is 4-((2S,4S)-(4-ethoxy((5-methoxymethyl-1H-indol yl)methyl)piperidinyl))benzoic acid hydrochloride HCl.

12. A pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 11.

13. A pharmaceutical combination sing a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of claim 11 and a second therapeutically active agent.

14. Use of a compound of claim 11 in the manufacture of a medicament for modulating complement alternative pathway ty.

15. Use of a nd of claim 11 in the manufacture of a medicament for ng a disorder or a disease mediated by complement activation.

16. The use of the compound of claim 15, wherein the disorder or disease is mediated by activation of the complement alternative pathway.

17. The use of the compound of claim 16, wherein the disorder or disease is selected from the group consisting of age-related macular degeneration, geographic atrophy, diabetic retinopathy, uveitis, retinitis pigmentosa, macular edema, Behcet’s uveitis, multifocal choroiditis, Vogt-Koyangi- Harada syndrome, imtermediate uveitis, birdshot retino-chorioditis, hetic ophthalmia, ocular dicatricial pemphigoid, ocular gus, nonartertic ischemic optic neuropathy, post-operative inflammation, retinal vein occlusion, neurological disorders, multiple sclerosis, stroke, Guillain Barre Syndrome, traumatic brain injury, Parkinson's e, ers of opriate or undesirable complement activation, hemodialysis complications, hyperacute allograft rejection, aft rejection, interleukin-2 induced toxicity during IL-2 therapy, matory disorders, inflammation of autoimmune diseases, Crohn's disease, adult respiratory distress syndrome, myocarditis, chemic reperfusion conditions, myocardial tion, balloon angioplasty, post-pump syndrome in cardiopulmonary bypass or renal bypass, atherosclerosis, hemodialysis, renal ischemia, mesenteric artery reperfusion after aortic reconstruction, infectious disease or sepsis, immune complex disorders and mune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, ic lupus erythematosus (SLE), SLE nephritis, proliferative nephritis, liver fibrosis, hemolytic , myasthenia gravis, tissue regeneration, neural regeneration, a, hemoptysis, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), ema, pulmonary embolisms and infarcts, pneumonia, fibrogenic dust diseases, pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, allergy, bronchoconstriction, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, parasitic diseases, Goodpasture's Syndrome, pulmonary vasculitis, Pauci-immune vasculitis, immune complex-associated inflammation, antiphospholipid syndrome, glomerulonephritis, and obesity.

18. Use of a compound of claim 11 in the manufacture of a medicament for treating age-related r degeneration.

19. Use of a compound of claim 11 in the manufacture of a medicament for treating paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH).

20. Use of a compound of claim 11 in the manufacture of a medicament for treating atypical hemolytic uremic me (aHUS).

21. The nd or a pharmaceutically able salt of claim 1 or 11, substantially as herein described with reference to any one of the Examples thereof.