NZ754277B2 - Apparatus for monitoring pregnancy or labour - Google Patents
Apparatus for monitoring pregnancy or labour Download PDFInfo
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- NZ754277B2 NZ754277B2 NZ754277A NZ75427717A NZ754277B2 NZ 754277 B2 NZ754277 B2 NZ 754277B2 NZ 754277 A NZ754277 A NZ 754277A NZ 75427717 A NZ75427717 A NZ 75427717A NZ 754277 B2 NZ754277 B2 NZ 754277B2
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- Prior art keywords
- monitoring device
- sensor
- sensors
- fetal
- arm portions
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Classifications
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Abstract
apparatus and method for monitoring pregnancy or labour are disclosed. The apparatus comprising a monitoring device comprising electrical contacts configured to receive and electrically couple to EMG electrodes to monitor fetal or maternal activity during pregnancy or labour and one or more position sensors to monitor the relative positioning of the two or more EMG electrodes when the EMG electrodes are coupled to the electrical contacts during the fetal or maternal activity, the one or more position sensors comprise one or more flex or stretch sensors, which monitor flexing, bending or deformation of a portion of the monitoring device, to determine the relative positioning of the two or more EMG electrodes, when the EMG electrodes are coupled to the electrical contacts during the fetal or maternal activity, the monitoring device comprises a central portion and one or more flexible arm portions extending from the central portion, where each of the one or more flexible arm portions are configured to be manipulable relative to the central portion, with the one or more position sensors monitoring flexing or bending of the arm portions, and the one or more position sensors are located in the flexible arm portions. ion sensors to monitor the relative positioning of the two or more EMG electrodes when the EMG electrodes are coupled to the electrical contacts during the fetal or maternal activity, the one or more position sensors comprise one or more flex or stretch sensors, which monitor flexing, bending or deformation of a portion of the monitoring device, to determine the relative positioning of the two or more EMG electrodes, when the EMG electrodes are coupled to the electrical contacts during the fetal or maternal activity, the monitoring device comprises a central portion and one or more flexible arm portions extending from the central portion, where each of the one or more flexible arm portions are configured to be manipulable relative to the central portion, with the one or more position sensors monitoring flexing or bending of the arm portions, and the one or more position sensors are located in the flexible arm portions.
Description
Apparatus for ring pregnancy or labour
Cross-reference to d applications
The present application claims priority from Australian ional patent
application no. 5046, filed on 7 December 2016, the content of which is
incorporated herein by reference.
Technical Field
The present disclosure s to an apparatus for monitoring pregnancy or labour.
Background
Pregnancy and labour involve complex biological processes that are, to date, still
poorly understood. The majority of women who undergo labour and subsequent delivery
do so without the need for major medical intervention. However, there is a significant
population of women who are unable, or choose not, to deliver naturally. This requires
interventions such as caesarean section or operative vaginal delivery. Whilst medical
interventions have improved both maternal and fetal outcomes over the last few decades,
preventing death and traumatic injury, they are still associated with significant risks and
complications.
Advancements in technology provide the potential to use less invasive and lower
cost techniques to monitor the mechanics of labour. A better understanding of the
mechanics of labour assists clinicians in fying and assessing risks of poor pregnancy
or labour ss at an earlier stage.
The majority of current labour monitoring s use cardiotocography (CTG),
more broadly known as electronic fetal monitoring (EFM). These monitoring systems use
fetal ate and contraction frequency in order to predict if delivery is nt as well
as detecting any abnormalities or complications during ncy and labour. These
systems tend to monitor fetal heart rate, using a Doppler ound transducer or fetal
electrocardiogram (fECG). They also monitor the presence of uterine contractions using
either a separate device known as a tocodynanometer (TOCO), which is in effect a strain
gauge that measures increased nal tension associated with contractions, or
electromyography (EMG) to determine contraction presence. Such systems are however
relatively cumbersome, uncomfortable and have difficulty recording in cases of movement
or water immersion r, bath or similar). In addition the data provided by such
devices, namely fetal heartrate and contraction frequency requires subjective interpretation
known to increase rates of intervention. As a result of these factors combined ts are
often restricted to a hospital setting where such systems are available and where d
clinicians are required to be t to e and interpret readings from such s.
r still, these systems also only allow for a limited assessment of activity during
pregnancy and labour.
Any discussion of documents, acts, materials, s, articles or the like which
has been included in the present specification is not to be taken as an admission that any or
all of these matters form part of the prior art base or were common general knowledge in
the field relevant to the present disclosure as it existed before the priority date of each
claim of this application.
Summary
According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus
for monitoring pregnancy or labour, the apparatus comprising:
a monitoring device to be placed on a body and comprising a plurality of sensors
integrated into the monitoring device, the plurality of sensors including at least:
a first sensor configured to detect a first type of signal from the body
indicative of fetal or maternal activity during pregnancy or labour; and
a second sensor configured to detect a second type of signal from the body,
different from the first type of signal, indicative of fetal or maternal activity during
pregnancy or labour.
In some embodiments, both the first and second types of signals may be tive
of body movement during pregnancy or labour. The body movement may be fetal
movement and/or maternal nt.
The first sensor may be an electromyography sensor (EMG sensor) and the second
sensor may be a temperature sensor. Alternatively, the first sensor may be an
electromyography sensor and the second sensor may be an accelerometer. Alternatively
still, the first sensor may be a temperature sensor and the second sensor may be an
rometer.
In some embodiments, the fetal activity may comprise one or more of: fetal
positioning, fetal movement and fetal heart rate. In some embodiments, the maternal
activity comprise one or more of: muscle and uterine contractions, maternal oning,
maternal nt, maternal heart rate and maternal ature.
In some embodiments, the type of fetal or maternal activity monitored by the
different sensors may be the same.
According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus
for monitoring pregnancy or , the tus comprising:
a monitoring device to be placed on a body and comprising a plurality of sensors
integrated into the monitoring device, the plurality of sensors including at least:
a first sensor to detect a first type of signal from the body to provide an
indication of a type of fetal or maternal activity during pregnancy or labour; and
a second sensor to detect a second type of signal from the body, different
from the first type of signal, to provide an indication of the same type of fetal or maternal
activity as the first sensor.
In the ing aspect, the first sensor may be an electromyography sensor and
the second sensor may be a temperature sensor. Alternatively, the first sensor may be an
electromyography sensor and the second sensor may be an accelerometer. Alternatively
still, the first sensor may be a temperature sensor and the second sensor may be an
accelerometer.
By providing different types of sensors that detect different signals from the body,
but which are each configured to provide an tion of the same type of fetal or
maternal activity, tion of data relating to pregnancy and/or labour can be more
accurate and/or reliable. This may be particularly advantageous in an environment where
fetal and/or maternal movement, interventions and the process of pregnancy or labour itself
can otherwise result in missed or lost data. For example, if one sensor is interrupted due to
non-contact, poor contact or other al influences, continuous uninterrupted
monitoring of at least one type of signal may still be conducted due to the provision of the
other sensor. In some instances, the monitoring device may be exposed to different
conditions during a monitoring period, such as patient movement or re to water,
which may result in one sensor being unsuitable for monitoring in a particular condition.
Through the detection at least two different types of signals, that each provide an
indication of the same type of fetal or al activity, loss or interruption of one sensor
does not prevent the continual monitoring of that fetal or maternal activity as a useful
signal can remain from the other sensor.
In some embodiments of apparatuses disclosed herein, the ity of sensors
may include a third sensor to detect a third type of signal from the body indicative of fetal
or maternal activity during pregnancy or labour. The third sensor may be selected from the
group comprising an accelerometer, a temperature sensor, an electromyography sensor and
an ultrasound sensor.
In some embodiments, the plurality of s may include a fourth or further
sensors ed from the group comprising an omyography sensor and an ultrasound
sensor.
In some embodiments, electromyography s can include
electrohysterography sensors, i.e. electromyography sensors that are configured to monitor
the uterus, for example.
In one embodiment, the first sensor is an electromyography sensor or an
accelerometer and the second sensor is a ature sensor, the first and second sensors
both being configured to provide an indication of muscular or uterine contractions. In one
embodiment, the first sensor is an electromyography sensor, the second sensor is a
temperature sensor, and a third sensor is provided that is an accelerometer, the first, second
and third sensors each being configured to e an indication of muscular or uterine
contractions.
The monitoring device may comprise a housing to house electronic components
therein. The housing may be a sealed housing so as to prevent fluid ingress.
In some embodiments, the g may comprise a top surface and a contoured
bottom surface adapted for placement on the body. In one embodiment, the first sensor
may be an omyography sensor and the second sensor may be a temperature sensor,
and wherein the plurality of sensors may further include an accelerometer. The
electromyography sensor may se at least one electrical contact disposed on the
bottom surface of the housing. The contact can be ered to provide at least partially
an EMG electrode. The at least one electrical contact may be configured to receive and
electrically couple to an EMG surface electrode, and may also be configured to protrude
from the bottom surface such that the bottom surface is spaced from the body when the
monitoring device is placed on the body. The temperature sensor may also be disposed on
the bottom surface of the g and the accelerometer may be disposed within the
housing.
In some embodiments, the monitoring device may comprise a central portion and
one or more flexible arm portions extending from the central portion. Each of the one or
more flexible arm portions may be configured to be manipulable relative to the central
n so as to facilitate placement of the monitoring device on the body. In some
embodiments, the monitoring device may comprise four flexible arm ns arranged in a
cross-configuration. Each of the flexible arm portions may have an end portion with an
opening, and an adhesive seal provided on the perimeter of the opening. The adhesive seal
may be configured to adhere to the body so as to secure the monitoring device to the body
and to form a water-tight barrier around the opening. In one embodiment, the first sensor
may be an electromyography sensor and the second sensor may be a temperature sensor,
and wherein the plurality of sensors may further include an accelerometer. The
electromyography sensor may comprise a plurality of EMG electrodes. Both the adhesive
seals and electrodes may, at least in part, be detachable from the apparatus to allow for
replacement or cleaning as required by method of use.
In any aspects and embodiments disclosed herein, the omyography sensor
may comprise at least one EMG electrode disposed at a respective end portion. For
example, at least one electrical contact can be disposed at a respective end portion and the
at least one electrical contact may be configured to receive and electrically couple to an
EMG surface electrode. The temperature sensor and the accelerometer may be disposed
within the central portion. At least one of the arm ns may comprise a flex sensor.
The use of flex sensors may allow bending, flexing, stretching, contraction,
deformation and/or other types of movement (e.g. changes in shape and/or dimensions) of
the arm portions to be detected. This movement may arise due to body movement, such as
abdominal movement caused by ctions and/or fetal movement. The body movement
may result in relative movement of EMG electrodes of the electromyography sensor.
Thus, the one or more flex s may allow for monitoring of the relative position of two
or more of the EMG odes. In addition or as an alternative to flex s, e.g. for the
purpose of monitoring the relative position of the two or more EMG odes, one or
more other types of sensors, such as stretch sensors, may be used, which other s can
also allow changes in shape and/or dimensions of portions of the apparatus structure to be
detected.
According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is ed an apparatus
for monitoring pregnancy or , the apparatus comprising:
a monitoring device to be placed on a body, the monitoring device comprising:
an electromyography sensor comprising two or more EMG electrodes to
monitor fetal or maternal activity during pregnancy or labour; and
one or more position s to monitor the relative positioning of the two
or more EMG electrodes during the fetal or maternal activity.
The one or more position sensors may be flex sensors or other types of sensors,
such as stretch sensors, that can monitor bending, flexing, stretching, ction,
deformation and/or other types of changes in the structure of the monitoring device. When
a flex or stretch sensor is used, for e, it may monitor the changes based on changes
in ance or capacitive of a component comprised in the sensor, for example. The two
or more EMG electrodes may be located on respective arm portions and the position
sensors may monitor nt, e.g. bending or flexing, of the arm portions. The position
sensors may monitor changes in relative position of the two or more EMG electrodes
during fetal or maternal ty. A change in the relative position of the two or more
EMG odes, when the EMG electrodes are fixed to the abdomen, for example, can be
indicative of deformation of the body, e.g. of the abdomen, during the fetal or maternal
activity. The monitoring of the relative positioning of the two or more EMG electrodes
during the fetal or maternal activity may comprise determining a distance or change in
distance between the two or more EMG odes.
By ring the position of the two or more EMG electrodes during the fetal or
maternal activity, the EMG signals obtained from those odes can be reted in
light of their ve positioning, enabling a more holistic analysis of the generated data.
For example, it can enable EMG signal changes to be correlated with a distortion in the
body adjacent the monitoring device, the distortion occurring as a result of contractions or
otherwise.
The monitoring of movement may be conducted with reference to a reference
location of the monitoring device. The reference on may be at a central location of
the monitoring device. The reference location may be at the central portion of the
monitoring device from which the arm portions may extend, for example.
The EMG electrodes may be fixed to the body, e.g. adhered to the body in
accordance with techniques described above. The central portion may also be fixed to the
body, e.g., adhered to the body. Thus the electrodes and the nce location may retain
respective fixed positions ve to the body. Portions of the monitoring device between
the reference location and the electrodes may be spaced from the body. For example, the
arm portions may bridge the space between the central portion and the electrode contact
locations without little or no contact with the body, ensuring that the monitoring device
does not significantly impede natural movement, e.g. deformation, of the body. The arm
portions may be arched or otherwise raised over the body and may be flexible, as discussed
above.
The relative positioning of the two or more EMG odes may be determined
based on a trigonometrical calculation. The length between a first one of the EMG
electrodes and the reference on can provide a first side of a notional triangle, the
length between a second one of the EMG electrodes and the nce location can provide
a second side of the notional triangle, and the length between the two electrodes can
provide a third side of the notional le. The angle between the first and second sides
may be a substantially fixed angle, e.g. if the flexible arm portions are only flexible in a
length direction, and/or may be determined based on ring of flex of the arm
portions, e.g. by the flex or h sensors, in two or more dimensions. The third side of
the notional triangle, and thus the distance n the two electrodes, may be calculated
from knowledge of the lengths of the first and second sides and their relative angle.
Nevertheless, other types of calculations may be made to monitoring the electrode
positioning based on data from the position sensors.
In any of the above aspects and embodiments, the monitoring device may be
adapted to be placed on the abdomen. The monitoring device may be located over the
fundus of the uterus, for example. It has been found, for example, that location of the
monitoring device, and thus the plurality of sensors, over the fundus, allows different types
of sensors to be used by the monitoring device to monitor the same types of fetal or
maternal activity. For example, it has been found that in addition to placing an
electromyography sensor or an accelerometer (e.g. as a first ) at the fundus to
monitor activity such as muscular or uterine contractions, a temperature sensor can be used
as a second sensor to ly monitor the same activity, such as the same muscular or
uterine contractions, when at the fundus.
The apparatus may further comprise a user interface coupled to the monitoring
device, the user interface comprising a display for displaying information derived from the
s detected by the plurality of sensors. The user interface may comprise one or more
of a desktop er, a laptop computer, a hone, a personal digital assistant, a
watch, a data collection band and other devices of the like configured to display the
information. Additionally or alternatively, the apparatus may comprise a user interface
integrated into the monitoring device. For example, the user interface may be an on-board
indicator. The user interface may provide an indication of the type of data being collected
by the monitoring device and/or indication about the ment status of the device to the
body, power levels or ise.
The apparatus may be configured to process the signals received from each of the
plurality of sensors so that they each present a r indication, on the user interface, for
the same type of fetal or maternal activity. The signals may be presented as time-
correlated plots on a display and amplitudes of the plots may be such that a corresponding
type of fetal or maternal activity is presented in the plots in a similar manner. For
example, the signals may be processed so that, when a uterine contraction takes place, a
consequential change in amplitude of the plot for the first signal may be the same or
r to the change in amplitude of the plot for the second or further signals. The change
in amplitude of the plots may have the same direction. The change in amplitude of the
plots may be configured to be within a factor of 4, 3, 2 or 1.5, for example. The scale of the
plots displayed by the user interface may be selected or programmed to provide this effect.
The monitoring device may further se at least one reference sensor adapted
to be placed on the body in a location spaced from the monitoring , where fetal or
maternal activity will be absent, so as to provide a reference to the plurality of sensors. In
some embodiments, the at least one reference sensor may be adapted to be placed at the
ribs. In other embodiments, the at least one reference sensor may be adapted to be placed at
the hip or sternum. The at least one reference sensor may se one or more of an
electromyography , a temperature , an rometer, and an ultrasound
sensor, for example. The at least one reference sensor may be positioned externally to the
housing and may be movable relative to the housing. The at least one reference sensor
may be connected to the housing via a wire that retains a physical and/or electrical
connection between the reference sensor and the other components of the monitoring
device, or may be wirelessly connected.
The apparatus may r comprise one or more roving sensors independent of
the monitoring device. The one or more roving sensors may se a fetal heart rate
monitor and/or a maternal heart rate monitor, for example. In addition, or alternatively, the
one or more roving sensors may comprise an omyography sensor.
In any of the aspects described herein, the apparatus may be d for use in a
clinical setting such as a hospital, birth centre or doctor’s surgery. Additionally or
alternatively, the apparatus may be adapted for use in a non-clinical setting such as a home.
The apparatus may designed as -of-care’ apparatus, r for home use or
otherwise. The apparatus may provide a means for remote monitoring of a patient. In this
, signals and/or other data received by the apparatus may be transmitted, e.g. by the
monitoring device, to a remotely located user interface for observation or analysis by a
third party. The apparatus may be e a means for monitoring a patient during
pregnancy and/or during labour.
According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method
comprising:
placing a ring device on a body, the monitoring device comprising a
plurality of s integrated therein;
detecting a first type of signal from the body via a first sensor of the ity of
sensors; and
detecting a second type of signal from the body, different from the first type of
signal, via a second sensor of the plurality of sensors,
wherein the first and second types of signals are indicative of fetal or maternal
activity during pregnancy or labour.
According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is ed a method
comprising:
placing a monitoring device on a body, the monitoring device comprising a
plurality of sensors ated therein;
detecting a first type of signal from the body via a first sensor of the plurality of
sensors; and
detecting a second type of signal from the body, different from the first type of
signal, via a second sensor of the plurality of sensors, and
using the detected signals from the first sensor to monitor a type of fetal or
maternal ty; and
using the detected signals from the second sensor to monitor the same type of fetal
or maternal activity as monitored using the first sensor.
The method may comprise detecting a third type of signal from the body via a
third sensor of the plurality of sensors. The third type of signal may be indicative of fetal or
maternal activity during pregnancy or labour.
The method may further comprise detecting a signal from a fourth or further
sensors selected from the group comprising an electromyography sensor and an ultrasound
sensor, for example.
The first sensor may be an omyography sensor and the second sensor may be
a temperature sensor. Alternatively, the first sensor may be an electromyography sensor
and the second sensor may be an accelerometer. Alternatively still, the first sensor may be
a ature sensor and the second sensor may be an accelerometer.
In one embodiment, the first sensor is an electromyography sensor or an
accelerometer and the second sensor is a temperature sensor, the first and second sensors
both being used to r muscular or uterine contractions. In one embodiment, the first
sensor is an electromyography sensor, the second sensor is a temperature sensor, and a
third sensor is provided that is an accelerometer, the first, second and third sensors each
being used to monitor muscular or uterine contractions.
By providing ent types of sensors that detect different signals from the body,
but which are each used to monitor the same type of fetal or maternal activity, collection of
data ng to pregnancy and/or labour can be more accurate and/or reliable for s as
discussed above with respect to preceding aspects.
The method may further comprise displaying information based on the types of
signals obtained from the plurality of sensors. Displaying the ation may comprise
presenting the signals as time-correlated plots on a display. The displaying may be such
that the amplitudes of the plots may change, for a corresponding type of fetal or maternal
activity, in a similar manner. For example, the displaying may be such that, when a uterine
contraction takes place, a consequential change in amplitude of the plot for the first signal
may be the same or similar to the consequential change in amplitude of the plot for the
second or r signals. The change in ude of the plots may have the same
direction. The change in amplitude of the plots may be within a factor of 4, 3, 2 or 1.5, for
example.
ing to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method
of monitoring pregnancy or , the method comprising:
placing a monitoring device on a body, the monitoring device comprising an
electromyography sensor comprising two or more EMG electrodes and one or more
position s;
ring fetal or maternal activity during pregnancy or labour using the EMG
electrodes of the electromyography sensor; and
monitoring the ve positioning of the two or more EMG electrodes during the
fetal or maternal activity using the one or more position sensors.
In any of the aspects described herein, the placing of the monitoring device on the
body may comprise placing the monitoring device on the fundus of the abdomen.
Brief Description of Drawings
Embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of example only,
with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 is a top view of an tus ing to an embodiment of the present
disclosure;
Fig. 2 is a front view of the apparatus of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3a is a bottom view of the apparatus of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3b is a bottom view of the apparatus of Fig. 1, showing EMG surface
electrodes of the apparatus;
Fig. 4a is a plot g a pattern of signals over a period of uterine contractions
detected using the apparatus of Fig. 1;
Fig. 4b is a plot g a pattern of signals over a period of uterine contractions
detected using the apparatus of Fig. 1, with poor or lost connection of one
electromyography (EMG) sensor;
Fig. 4c is a plot showing a pattern of signals over a period of uterine ctions
detected using the apparatus of Fig. 1, with noise interruption to both electromyography
sensors;
Fig. 5 is a top view of an apparatus according to another embodiment of the
t disclosure;
Fig. 6a is a bottom view of the apparatus of Fig. 5;
Fig. 6b is a bottom view of the apparatus of Fig. 5, showing EMG surface
electrodes of the apparatus;
Figs. 7a and 7b show simplified bottom views of the apparatus of Fig. 6b with
EMG electrodes in first and second positions, respectively; and
Figs. 8a and 8b are schematic illustrations of various electronic components of the
apparatus of Fig. 1 and Fig. 5, respectively.
Description of Embodiments
Figs. 1, 2, 3a and 3b show an apparatus 10 for monitoring pregnancy or labour
according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The tus 10 comprises a
monitoring device 11 adapted to be placed on a body. The monitoring device 11 has a
housing 12 which houses electronic ents of the monitoring device 11. The housing
12 has a top surface 13 and a bottom surface 14. As best seen in Fig. 2, the bottom surface
14 has a contoured portion 15 corresponding substantially to a curvature of the maternal
abdomen. The housing 12 is sealed so as to t fluid ingress.
The monitoring device 11 further comprises a ity of sensors integrated into
the ring device 11. The plurality of sensors include at least a first sensor configured
to detect a first type of signal from the body that is tive of fetal or maternal activity
during pregnancy or labour, and a second sensor configured to detect a second type of
signal from the body, different from the first type of signal, that is also indicative of fetal
or maternal activity during pregnancy or labour. The type of fetal or maternal activity
red by the different sensors can be the same. Detecting different types of signals
can allow for accurate collection of data in an environment where fetal and/or maternal
movement, interventions and the process of pregnancy or labour itself can otherwise result
in missed or lost data. For example, if one sensor is interrupted due to non-contact, poor
contact or other external influences, continuous uninterrupted monitoring of at least one
type of signal may still be conducted due to the provision of the other sensor. The present
disclosure recognises that the monitoring device 11 may also be exposed to different
conditions during a monitoring period, such as patient movement or exposure to water,
which may result in one sensor being unsuitable for monitoring in a particular condition.
r, as the monitoring device 11 detects at least two different types of signals, loss or
interruption of one sensor does not prevent the continual monitoring of fetal or maternal
activity, since detection of a useful signal remains from the other sensor.
In some embodiments, the first and second types of signals are both indicative of
body movement during pregnancy or labour. The body movement may be fetal nt
and/or maternal movement, for example. Fetal activity may also comprise for example
fetal positioning and/or fetal heart rate. al ty may also comprise for example
muscle and uterine contractions, maternal positioning, maternal heart rate and/or maternal
temperature.
The first and second sensors may be any combination of two different sensors
ed from the group comprising an electromyography (EMG) sensor for detecting
uterine contractions, a temperature sensor for detecting fetal and/or maternal body
ature, and an accelerometer for ing fetal and/or maternal positioning and
movement. For example, the first sensor may be an EMG sensor and the second sensor
may be a temperature sensor. In another alternate example, the first sensor may be an EMG
sensor and the second sensor may be an accelerometer. In yet another alternate example,
the first sensor may be a temperature sensor and the second sensor may be an
accelerometer.
The ring device 11 may also comprise a third sensor to detect a third type
of signal from the body that is tive of fetal or maternal activity during pregnancy or
labour. In some embodiments, the third type of signal may be the same as the first type of
signal or the second type of signal. In other embodiments, the third type of signal may be
different from the first and second types of signals. The third sensor may be selected from
the group comprising an accelerometer, a temperature , an EMG sensor and an
ultrasound sensor, for e.
The monitoring device 11 may also comprise yet r sensors, e.g., any
combination of four or more sensors, with at least two sensors being configured to detect a
ent type of signal. The further sensors may be selected from the group comprising an
accelerometer, a temperature sensor, an EMG sensor and an ultrasound sensor, for
example.
Referring to the embodiment depicted in Fig. 3a, the ring device 11
comprises four sensors, three of which are configured to detect different types of signals.
In particular, the monitoring device 11 includes two EMG sensors 16, 17, a temperature
sensor 18 and an accelerometer 101, all integrated into the monitoring device 11. One of
the three different sensors, such as one of the EMG sensors 16, 17, can be considered to
provide a first sensor that is configured to detect a first type of signal from the body
indicative of fetal or maternal activity during pregnancy or labour. Anot her of the sensors,
such as the temperature sensor 18 or accelerometer 101, can be considered to provide a
second sensor that is configured to detect a second type of signal from the body, different
from the first type of signal, but again indicative of fetal or al activity during
pregnancy or labour.
Each of the EMG sensors 16, 17 includes a pair of t points 16a, 16b, 17a,
17b disposed on the bottom surface 14 of the housing 12. The contact points 16a, 16b, 17a,
17b protrude from the bottom surface 14. The protrusion is such that the bottom surface
14 is spaced from the body when the monitoring device 11 is placed on the body, which
can allow for ventilation or aeration between the body and the monitoring device 11,
improving patient t. The contact points 16a, 16b, 17a, 17b can be considered to
provide EMG odes. However, in this embodiment, the contact points 16a, 16b, 17a,
17b are also each configured to receive and electrically couple to a tive removable
EMG e electrode 161a, 161b, 171a, 171b as shown in Fig. 3b. The EMG surface
electrodes 161a, 161b, 171a, 171b are configured to contact the skin. The EMG sensors
16, 17 through electrical contact with the skin are configured to detect changes in ial
differences (voltage) caused by uterine contractions or other fetal and/or maternal activity.
The accelerometer 101 is disposed within the housing 12 and is configured to
monitor maternal and/or fetal movement. The temperature sensor 18 is disposed on the
bottom surface 14 of the housing 12 and is configured to track fluctuations in maternal
temperature. For example, use of a temperature sensor 18 may aid in the identification of
fever due to ion. In addition or alternatively, the temperature sensor 16 may also be
used to detect the onset and/or ence of uterine contractions. In this regard, the
present disclosure recognises that fluctuations in maternal ature, specifically a
change in body temperature from baseline temperatures, can be synonymous with the onset
or occurrence of uterine contractions (as discussed .
Fig. 4a to 4c show examples of signals recorded over a period of time of patients
undergoing contractions using the ring device 11 and as presented by a user
interface. The plots show two s 1001, 1002 detected from the two EMG sensors
16,17, a signal 1003 detected from the temperature sensor 18 and three signals 1004a,
1004b, 1004c detected along three different axes from the accelerometer 101, of the
monitoring device 11. The signals 1001-1004c are time-correlated in the plots.
Fig. 4a shows that a repeated pattern of contractions (indicated by the letter ‘C’)
can be identified across all three sensor types. It can be recognised that fluctuations in
maternal temperature (i.e. a change in body temperature from baseline temperatures) can
also be attributed to uterine contractions, for example. In this example, rises in body
temperature can be attributed to uterine contractions, for example, albeit in alternative
examples, other ns of ature change may also be indicative of uterine
contractions. Therefore, as sed above, the plurality of sensors can provide for
continual monitoring of at least one type of signal indicative of fetal or maternal activity,
such as uterine contractions, thus ensuring that no critical data may be missed or lost
during a monitoring period.
So that the different plots of the signals 004c can readily e a user
with an indication regarding the same type of fetal or maternal activity, the scale of the
plots is adjusted by the user interface so that, when a uterine contraction takes place, a
consequential change in amplitude of the plot for the different signals 1001-1004c is the
same or similar. For example, with nce to Fig. 4a, the amplitude A1 for a contraction
as fiable in the EMG signal plot 1001b is the same or similar to the amplitude A2 for
a contraction as identifiable in the temperature signal plot 1002.
The present disclosure recognises that the patient may not necessarily be confined
to a hospital setting for monitoring of pregnancy or labour to occur. Monitoring may be
ed when the patient is moving (e.g. walking, turning in bed, etc.) or when the patient
is in a shower or bath during pregnancy or , for example. The plurality of sensors of
the monitoring device 11 may therefore be exposed to different conditions during a
monitoring period. Such conditions may result in one or more types of signals detected by
the plurality of sensors being lost or interrupted during a monitoring period. r, as
the monitoring device 11 detects at least two different types of signals, loss or interruption
of one type of signal does not prevent the continual monitoring of fetal or maternal
activity, since useful signals remain from the other sensors. This is evidenced by Fig. 4b,
for example, which shows that poor or lost connection of one EMG sensor, ing in a
substantially absent signal 1001, does not prevent the continual monitoring of fetal or
maternal activity, since useful s remain from the other s. Similarly, as can be
seen in Fig. 4c, continual ring of fetal or maternal activity is not missed or lost even
when signals 1001, 1002 from both EMG s are interrupted by noise, due to exposure
of the EMG sensors to water, for example.
Referring again to Figs. 1, 3a and 3b, the monitoring device 11 may also comprise
at least one reference sensor 19 adapted to be placed on the body in a location spaced from
the monitoring device 11, where fetal or maternal ty will be absent, so as to provide a
reference to the plurality of sensors and enable filtering of the signals occurring due to
maternal or fetal activity from signals derived from other sources, such as gross body
movement (e.g. walking, turning in bed, etc.) or normal temperature fluctuations. In some
embodiments, the at least one reference sensor 19 may be placed at the ribs. It will be
iated however that the at least one reference sensor 19 may be placed elsewhere on
the body, such as at the hip or sternum, for example, or a reference sensor may be excluded
in other embodiments.
In some embodiments, the at least one reference sensor 19 may se one or
more of an EMG , a temperature sensor, an accelerometer and an ultrasound sensor.
In the embodiment depicted in Figs. 1, 3a and 3b, the reference sensor 19 may be an EMG
sensor of the type described above for providing a reference to the EMG readings from the
EMG sensors 16, 17 of the monitoring device 11. The reference sensor can be wired to the
monitoring device 11 or may be a physically separate wireless unit, enabling it to be
located on a more separate part of the body. In this ular embodiment, the nce
sensor 19 may have a contact point 20 adapted to receive and electrically couple to a
removable EMG surface reference electrode 191 as shown in Fig. 3b. In this example,
filtering of the signals occurring due to maternal or fetal activity may be achieved by
subtracting the signal derived from the reference sensor 19 from the signal derived from
any of the EMG sensors 16, 17 of the monitoring device 11.
Figs. 5, 6a and 6b show an apparatus 21 for monitoring pregnancy or labour
according to another embodiment of the present sure. The apparatus 21 comprises a
monitoring device 22 adapted to be placed on the body. The monitoring device 22 has a
central portion 24 and one or more flexible arm ns 25 connected to the central
portion 24. The one or more flexible arm portions 25 are each configured to be
independently lable relative to the central portion 24 so as to facilitate placement of
the monitoring device 22 on the body regardless of the curvature of the maternal abdomen
and bend and flex in order to conform to any presenting deformation and movements of the
body while being worn. The monitoring device 22 also has a g 23 at the central
portion which houses onic components of the monitoring device 22. The housing 23
is sealed to prevent fluid ingress, thus preventing exposure of electronic components of the
monitoring device 22 to potentially harmful environmental factors, such as water and dust,
for example.
In the embodiment depicted in Figs 5 and 6, the monitoring device 22 has four
le arm portions 25a, 25b, 25c, 25d extending outwardly from the central portion 24
so as to be arranged in a cross-configuration. The flexible arm portions 25a, 25b, 25c, 25d
have end ns 26a, 26b, 26c, 26d with openings 27a, 27b, 27c, 27d. Adhesive seals
28a, 28b, 28c, 28d, which may be able, are provided on the perimeter of the
openings 27a, 27b, 27c, 27d and are each ured to adhere to the body so as to secure
the monitoring device 22 to the body and to form a water-tight barrier around the openings
27a, 27b, 27c, 27d.
The monitoring device 22 also comprises a plurality of sensors ated into the
monitoring device 22, similar to that described above for apparatus 10. The plurality of
sensors include at least a first sensor configured to detect a first type of signal from the
body that is indicative of fetal or maternal activity during pregnancy or labour, and a
second sensor configured to detect a second type of signal from the body, different from
the first type of signal, that is also tive of fetal or maternal activity during pregnancy
or labour. The first and second sensors may be any combination of two different sensors
selected from the group comprising an EMG sensor, a temperature sensor, and an
accelerometer.
The monitoring device 22 may also comprise a third sensor to detect a third type
of signal from the body that is indicative of fetal or maternal activity during pregnancy or
labour. In some embodiments, the third type of signal may be the same as the first type of
signal or the second type of signal. In other embodiments, the third type of signal may be
different from the first and second types of s. The third sensor may be ed from
the group comprising an accelerometer, a temperature sensor, an EMG sensor and an
ultrasound sensor, for example.
The monitoring device 22 may also comprise yet further s, e.g., any
combination of four or more sensors, with at least two sensors being configured to detect a
different type of signal. The further sensors may be selected from the group comprising an
accelerometer, a temperature sensor, an EMG sensor and an ultrasound sensor, for
example.
Referring to the embodiment depicted in Fig. 6a, the monitoring device 22
comprises four s, three of which are configured to detect different types of signals.
In ular, the monitoring device 22 includes two EMG sensors 29, 30, a temperature
sensor 102 and an accelerometer 103, all integrated into the monitoring device 22. One of
the three different sensors, such as one of the EMG sensors 29, 30, can be ered to
provide a first sensor that is configured to detect a first type of signal from the body
indicative of fetal or maternal activity during pregnancy or labour. Another of the sensors,
such as the ature sensor 102 or accelerometer 103, can be ered to provide a
second sensor that is configured to detect a second type of signal from the body, different
from the first type of signal, but again indicative of fetal or maternal activity during
pregnancy or labour.
Each of the EMG sensors 29, 30 includes a pair of contact points 29a, 29b, 30a,
30b disposed at the end portions 26a, 26b, 26c, 26d. Each of the contact points 29a, 29b,
30a, 30b can be considered to provide an EMG electrode. However, in this embodiment,
the contact points 29a, 29b, 30a, 30b are each configured to receive and electrically couple
to a tive removable EMG surface electrode 291a, 291b, 301a, 301b, as shown in Fig.
6b. The EMG surface electrodes 291a, 291b, 301a, 301b are configured to contact the skin
via the openings 27a, 27b, 27c, 27d. The EMG sensors 29, 30 through electrical contact
with the skin are configured to detect potential difference caused by uterine contractions.
The accelerometer 103 is disposed within the central portion 24 and is configured
to monitor maternal and/or fetal nt. The temperature sensor 102 is also disposed
within the central portion 24 and configured to track fluctuations in al temperature,
in the same manner described above for tus 10.
The monitoring device 22 also comprises flex sensors 104a, 104b, 104c 104d in
this embodiment, the flex s are ed within respective flexible arm portions 25a,
25b, 25c, 25d of the monitoring device 22, for example. The flex sensors 104a, 104b, 104c
104d may be configured to detect bending or flexing of the arm ns 25a, 25b, 25c,
25d. Bending or flexing or other or d deformations such as stretching and contracting
of the arm portions 25a, 25b, 25c, 25d may arise due to maternal movement, such as
abdominal movement caused by baby movement, for example.
The flex sensors are usable as position sensors that can r the relative
positioning of two or more of the EMG electrodes provided by the contact points 29a, 29b,
30a, 30b and/or the EMG surface odes 291a, 291b, 301a, 301b attached to the contact
points 29a, 29b, 30a, 30b, during the fetal or maternal activity. The bending or flexing of
the arm ns 25a, 25b, 25c, 25d coincides with relative movement of the respective
EMG electrodes. A change in the relative on of the EMG electrodes, when the EMG
electrodes are fixed to the abdomen using the ve seals 28a, 28b, 28c, 28d, for
example, will cause flexing or bending or other deformation of the arm portions 25a, 25b,
25c, 25d. The flexing or bending or other deformation of the arm portions is indicative of
deformation of the body, e.g. abdomen, during the fetal or maternal activity.
As an alternative to flex sensors, stretch sensors may be used. In general, any
sensors that can allow changes in shape and/or dimensions of portions of the apparatus
structure, e.g. the monitoring device, to be detected, which change in shape and/or
ions result in relative nt of the EMG electrodes ted by the structure,
may be used as position sensors.
The l portion 24 can also be fixed, e.g. adhered, to the abdomen. The
central portion 24 can e a reference location of the monitoring device, e.g. at a centre
241 of the central portion 24. Thus the electrodes and the reference location may retain
respective fixed positions ve to the body.
While the electrodes and central portion 24 can be fixed to the body, the arm
portions 25a, 25b, 25c, 25d therebetween are spaced from the body.
By monitoring the position of the EMG electrodes during the fetal or maternal
activity, the EMG signals ed from those electrodes can be reted in light of their
relative positioning, enabling a more holistic analysis of the generated data. For example,
it can enable the EMG signal changes to be correlated with a distortion in the body
adjacent the monitoring device, the distortion occurring as a result of contractions or other
maternal or fetal activity.
The relative positioning of the EMG electrodes can be determined based on a
trigonometrical calculation. Referring to Fig. 7a, the length between a first one of the
EMG electrodes 301a and the reference location 241 can provide a first side 401 of a
notional triangle 400, the length between a second one of the EMG electrodes 301b and the
reference location 241 can provide a second side 402 of the notional triangle 400, and the
length between the two electrodes 301a, 301b can provide a third side 403 of the notional
triangle.
Upon maternal or fetal movement, the EMG electrodes 301a, 301b can move to
new relative positions, as represented in Fig. 7b for example. The movement is ted
by flexing or bending of the arm portions and thus a change in geometry of the notional
triangle 400’, with, in this example, the first side 401’ of the le increasing in length
and the second side 402’ of the triangle decreasing in length.
The flexing or bending of the arm portions is sensed by the flex s 104c,
104d enabling the distances between the electrodes 301a, 301b and the central portion 24
(and thus the lengths of the first and second sides 401, 401’, 402, 402’ of the notional
triangle 400, 400’) to be determined.
The angle α between the first and second sides 401, 401’, 402, 402’ can be a
substantially fixed angle, e.g. if the flexible arm portions are only flexible in a length
direction, and/or may be ined based on monitoring of flex of the arm portions in two
or more dimensions. The third side 403, 403’ of the al triangle, and thus the distance
between the two electrodes 301a, 301b, can be calculated from knowledge of the s of
the first and second sides 401, 401’, 402, 402’ and their relative angle α. Nevertheless,
other types of ations may be made to monitoring the electrode positioning based on
data from the position sensors. Moreover, the relative position may be determined
between any combination of the EMG electrodes 291a, 291b, 301a, 301b using the
technique described. Monitoring of the positioning may be carried out in real time in some
embodiments and directly correlated with signals from other sensors, e.g. the signals as
represented in Figs. 4a to 4c.
Referring again to Fig. 6a, the apparatus 21 may also comprise at least one
reference sensor 31 coupled to the monitoring device 22, similar to that described for
apparatus 10. The at least one reference sensor 31 may be d to be placed on the body
in a location spaced from the monitoring device 22, where fetal or maternal activity will be
absent, so as to provide a nce to EMG readings and enable filtering of the signals
occurring due to fetal or maternal activity from signals d from other sources, such as
gross body movement (e.g. walking, turning in bed, etc.) or normal ature
fluctuations. In some embodiments, the at least one reference sensor 31 may be placed at
the ribs. It will be appreciated however that the at least one reference sensor 31 may be
placed elsewhere on the body, such as at the hip or sternum, for e. The at least one
reference sensor 31 is positioned externally to the housing of the monitoring device 22 and
is be movable relative to the housing. The at least one reference sensor 31 is ted via
a wire that retains a physical and electrical tion between the reference sensor and
the other components of the monitoring device 22 but may be wirelessly connected in
alternative embodiments.
In some embodiments, the reference sensor 31 may be an EMG sensor of the type
described above for apparatus 10. The reference sensor 31 may have a contact point 32
adapted to receive and electrically couple to a removable EMG surface reference electrode
311, as shown in Fig. 6b.
In the embodiment depicted in Fig. 6b, the reference sensor 31 may also be
provided with an end portion 33 having an opening 34. An ve seal 35 may be
provided on the perimeter of the opening 34. The adhesive seal 35 may be configured to
adhere to the body so as to form a water-tight barrier around the opening 34. The EMG
surface reference electrode 311 is configured to contact the skin via the opening 34. In this
e, ing of the signals ing due to maternal or fetal activity may be achieved
by subtracting the signal derived from the reference sensor 31 from the signal derived from
any of the EMG sensors 29, 30 of the monitoring device 22.
The monitoring device according to any of the above embodiments may be
d to be placed on the maternal abdomen located over the fundus of the uterus, for
example. The present disclosure recognises that the area of greatest traceable al or
fetal activity during a contraction is over the fundus. It will be appreciated r that the
monitoring device may be placed elsewhere on the body where useful monitoring of fetal
or maternal activity may be conducted. The design and shape of the monitoring device may
make it suitable for placement in a relatively intuitive and htforward manner at the
appropriate on, e.g. at the fundus of the maternal abdomen. The monitoring device
may be configured for operation by a number of stakeholders, such as a clinician, patient,
partner or aid worker and may be relatively easy to locate and e.
The apparatus according to any of the above embodiments may also comprise a
user interface coupled to the monitoring device, the user interface comprising a display for
displaying information derived from the signals detected by the plurality of sensors. The
user interface comprises one or more of a desktop er, a laptop computer, a
smartphone, a personal l assistant, a watch, a data collection band and other devices
of the like configured to display the information. The monitoring device may communicate
with the user interface via a communications network, e.g. via the internet, Wi-Fi,
Bluetooth, or otherwise. In some embodiments, the user ace may be remotely located
so as to be accessible by a clinician. This can allow patients to be red without
requiring the clinician to be present. Additionally or alternatively, the apparatus may
comprise a user ace integrated into the monitoring device. For example, the user
interface may be an on-board indicator. The user interface may provide an indication of
the type of data being collected by the monitoring device and/or indication about the
attachment status of the device to the body, power levels or otherwise.
A schematic illustration of various electronic components of the apparatus is
shown in Fig. 8a. The operation of the electronic ents may be d to any of the
ments of the apparatus described above. However, in this particular embodiment,
the schematic illustration of Fig. 8 will be described with reference to the apparatus 10 of
Fig. 1. The monitoring device 11 may comprise a power source 400, e.g., a battery, to
power electronic components of the monitoring device 11. The monitoring device 11 may
also comprise a controller 401 (e.g. a microcontroller) that is connected to the ity of
sensors of the monitoring device 11. The plurality of sensors of the monitoring device 11
include the two EMG sensors 16, 17, the temperature sensor 18 and the accelerometer 101.
The apparatus 10 also includes the reference sensor 19.
The controller 401 includes a processor 402 that es signals from the
plurality of sensors 16, 17, 18, 101 as well as the reference sensor 19, and stores the signals
in memory 403. The sor 402 may optionally filter the signals detected by the
plurality of sensors 16, 17, 18, 101 based on the signal detected by the reference sensor 19.
A transmitter 404 transmits information derived from the signals ed by the plurality
of sensors 16, 17, 18, 101 and/or the nce sensor 19 to a user interface 405, by virtue
of a wireless signal, for example. Radiofrequency s or Bluetooth signals, etc., which
contain the information, may be transmitted from the monitoring device 11 to the user
interface 405. The user interface 405 has a receiver 406 that receives the information from
the controller 401, and a display 407 that ys the information. The information may be
presented in a format that is identifiable and assessable by a clinician so as to facilitate or
assist in monitoring pregnancy or labour. Alternatively, the information may be presented
in a simpler format for the patient to monitor their own pregnancy or labour in the absence
of a clinician.
A further schematic illustration of various electronic ents is shown in Fig.
8b. In this particular embodiment, the schematic illustration corresponds to the apparatus
21 of Fig. 5. The apparatus is substantially the same from an electrical perspective as the
apparatus 10 as described with reference to Fig. 8a. However, the flex sensors 104a-d are
additionally provided, which are connected to the controller 401’, the controller including
the processor 402’, memory 403’ and transmitter 404’, the controller being ted to
the user interface 405’ including its er 406’ and y 407’. In Figs. 8a and 8b,
connection between the various components, including between the monitoring devices
and the user interfaces, for example, may be wired or wireless.
lly, it will be recognised that any controller that is used in the present
disclosure may se a number of control or sing modules for receiving and
processing the signals derived from the plurality of sensors and may also include one or
more storage elements, for storing data such as the types of signals. The modules and
storage elements can be implemented using one or more processing s and one or
more data e units, which modules and/or storage devices may be at one location or
distributed across multiple locations and interconnected by one or more communication
links.
Further, the modules can be implemented by a er program or program code
comprising program instructions. The computer program instructions can include source
code, object code, machine code or any other stored data that is operable to cause the
controller to perform the steps described. The computer program can be n in any
form of programming language, including compiled or interpreted ges and can be
deployed in any form, including as a stand-alone program or as a module, component,
tine or other unit suitable for use in a computing environment. The data storage
device(s) may include suitable computer readable media such as volatile (e.g., RAM)
and/or non-volatile (e.g., ROM, disk) memory or otherwise.
In any of the above embodiments, the apparatus may comprise one or more roving
sensors for providing onal vital diagnostic and prognostic ation about
pregnancy or labour. The roving sensors may be independent of the monitoring device.
The roving sensors may include a fetal heart rate monitor, enabling a determination of fetal
distress during maternal contraction, a maternal heart rate monitor, providing an indication
of the overall health of the mother during ncy or , and/or an additional EMG
sensor. The roving sensors may be coupled to the monitoring device and/or the user
interface via a wired or wireless connection.
The embodiments described above can have numerous advantages. For example,
the plurality of sensors provide a continual monitor of at least one type of signal, ensuring
that no data is missed or lost, thus ing accurate collection of data. Further, the
combination of sensors may assist in assessing the status of pregnancy and labour, for
example distinguishing between false labour and the onset of , monitoring the health
of the mother during pregnancy or labour, and/or monitoring the health of the fetus before
or during labour. r, the ments may allow patients to operate the monitoring
device without the need for trained clinicians to be t, thus allowing monitoring to
occur in places other than a hospital setting.
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that numerous variations and/or
modifications may be made to the above-described embodiments, without departing from
the broad general scope of the present sure. The present embodiments are, therefore,
to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive.
Claims (11)
1. An apparatus for monitoring pregnancy or labour, the apparatus comprising: a monitoring device comprising: electrical contacts ured to receive and electrically couple to EMG electrodes to monitor fetal or maternal activity during pregnancy or labour; and one or more position sensors to monitor the relative positioning of the EMG electrodes when the EMG electrodes are coupled to the ical contacts during the fetal or maternal ty, wherein the one or more on sensors comprise one or more flex or stretch sensors; wherein the one or more flex or stretch s monitor flexing, bending or deformation of a portion of the monitoring device to determine the relative positioning of the two or more EMG electrodes when the EMG electrodes are d to the electrical contacts during the fetal or maternal activity; wherein the monitoring device comprises a central portion and one or more le arm portions extending from the central portion, and wherein each of the one or more flexible arm portions are configured to be lable relative to the central portion, the position sensors monitoring flexing or bending of the arm portions; and wherein the one or more position sensors are located in the flexible arm portions.
2. The tus of claim 1, wherein the monitoring device comprises at least four of the flexible arm portions arranged in a cross-configuration.
3. The tus of claim 1 or 2, wherein one of the EMG electrodes is located at an end portion of each of the le arm portions.
4. The apparatus of any one of the preceding claims further comprising a temperature sensor and/or an accelerometer.
5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the temperature sensor and/or the accelerometer are disposed within the central portion, or wherein the temperature sensor is disposed on the bottom surface of the apparatus and the accelerometer is disposed within the apparatus.
6. The apparatus of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the one or more flex or h sensors are located in each of the flexible arm portions.
7. The apparatus of any one of the preceding claims, the apparatus further comprising a housing to house electronic components therein, and wherein the housing is a sealed housing so as to prevent fluid ingress.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein at least one of the electrical contacts is disposed on a bottom surface of the housing, the at least one of the ical contacts being configured to receive and electrically couple to an EMG surface electrode, and also being configured to protrude from the bottom surface of the housing such that the bottom surface of the housing is spaced from a body when the monitoring device is placed on the body.
9. The apparatus of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising a user interface coupled to and/or comprised in the monitoring device for displaying information d from the signals ed from the EMG electrodes when the EMG electrodes are coupled to the electrical contacts and the signals detected by the one or more position s, wherein the user interface comprises one or more of a desktop er, a laptop computer, a hone, a personal digital assistant, a watch, a data collection band and other s of the like configured to display the information.
10. The tus of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the one or more flex or stretch s monitor the flexing, bending or deformation of the portion of the monitoring device in two or more ions to ine the relative positioning of the two or more EMG electrodes when the EMG electrodes are coupled to the electrical contacts during the fetal or maternal activity.
11. A method of monitoring pregnancy or labour, the method comprising: placing a monitoring device on a body, the monitoring device comprising an electromyography sensor comprising two or more EMG electrodes and one or more position sensors; ring fetal or maternal activity during pregnancy or labour using the EMG electrodes of the electromyography sensor; and ring the relative positioning of the two or more EMG electrodes during the fetal or maternal activity using the one or more position s; wherein the one or more position sensors comprise one or more flex or stretch sensors, the one or more flex or stretch sensors monitoring flexing, bending or deformation of a portion of the monitoring device to determine the relative positioning of the two or more EMG electrodes; and wherein the monitoring device comprises a l portion and one or more flexible arm portions extending from the central portion, and wherein each of the one or more le arm portions are configured to be manipulable relative to the central portion, the position sensors monitoring flexing or bending of the arm portions; and the one or more position sensors being located in the flexible arm portions.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2016905046A AU2016905046A0 (en) | 2016-12-07 | Apparatus for monitoring pregnancy or labour | |
AU2016905046 | 2016-12-07 | ||
PCT/AU2017/051346 WO2018102874A1 (en) | 2016-12-07 | 2017-12-07 | Apparatus for monitoring pregnancy or labour |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NZ754277A NZ754277A (en) | 2021-11-26 |
NZ754277B2 true NZ754277B2 (en) | 2022-03-01 |
Family
ID=
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