NZ752773A - Explosive storehouse construction - Google Patents
Explosive storehouse constructionInfo
- Publication number
- NZ752773A NZ752773A NZ752773A NZ75277319A NZ752773A NZ 752773 A NZ752773 A NZ 752773A NZ 752773 A NZ752773 A NZ 752773A NZ 75277319 A NZ75277319 A NZ 75277319A NZ 752773 A NZ752773 A NZ 752773A
- Authority
- NZ
- New Zealand
- Prior art keywords
- single span
- straight
- arched
- shotcrete
- metal
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006011 modification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004642 transportation engineering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000254 damaging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002889 sympathetic Effects 0.000 description 1
Abstract
An explosive storehouse comprising a head wall, a rear wall, two side walls and a single span arched roof; wherein the head wall, rear wall, two side walls and the single span arched roof all include a metal lining located internally of the earth covered magazine explosive storehouse; and wherein at least the two side walls, rear wall and the single span arched roof include shotcrete. at least the two side walls, rear wall and the single span arched roof include shotcrete.
Description
EXPLOSIVE STOREHOUSE CONSTRUCTION
Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to an explosive storehouse design.
Background of the Invention
Explosive storehouses are specially designed to minimise the damaging effect
of munitions housed in the explosive storehouse exploding. Consequently, explosive
storehouses are designed to localise the blast radius around an explosive storehouse.
This minimises the chances of an explosion in one explosive storehouse triggering
sympathetic detonation to adjacent explosives storehouse. It also limits the distance
debris from the explosion travels, putting people and property at risk.
In existing explosive store houses, the roof and walls are reinforced to help
minimise the effect of an explosion. In existing explosive store houses the roofing and
side walls are also commonly covered in a mound of dirt to assist with minimising the
effect of an explosion. These types of explosive storehouses are known as an ESH.
Another common feature in existing explosive storehouses that are ESH is a
reinforced arched roof. This assists in minimising the effect of an explosion partially due
to the geometry of the reinforced arch and the strength it provides. An arch also allows
the roof to be large and single span. For efficiency, in explosive storehouses the arched
roof typically extends to the floor and no separate walls are present. These explosive
storehouses with an arched roof extending to the floor include a significant amount of
floor space that cannot be used due to the height of objects and accessibility with
transportation such as forklifts.
There also exist explosive storehouses with straight walls and an arched roof.
These include Stradley type explosive storehouses and Freloc-Stradley type explosive
storehouses. These types of structures are made of poured reinforced concrete that is
cast to be freestanding. The walls of the Stradley and Freloc-Stradley type explosive
storehouses are typically concrete.
Reference to cited material or information contained in the text should not be
understood as a concession that the material or information was part of the common
general knowledge or was known in Australia or any other country.
Summary of the Invention
In one embodiment, the present invention seeks to provide an explosive
storehouse for an earth covered magazine comprising:
a head wall;
a rear wall;
two side walls; and
a single span arched roof;
wherein the head wall, rear wall, two side walls and the single span arched roof
all include a metal lining located internally of the earth covered magazine explosive
storehouse; and
wherein at least the two side walls, rear wall and the single span arched roof
include shotcrete.
The metal lining allows the shotcrete formed behind it to be formed in a profile
to minimise risk associated with the shotcrete in the event of an explosion. For example
including recesses to encourage the shotcrete to fragment.
Shotcreting the walls against a metal lining allows the explosive storehouse to
be formed quickly compared with conventional methods.
Preferably, the two side walls are straight side walls.
Straight side walls allows more explosives to be stored on the same footprint
than for a conventional arched design.
Preferably, the head wall, the rear wall, the two side walls and the single span
arched roof include concrete reinforcement bars.
Preferably, a bracket connects the metal lining of each of the two side walls to
the metal lining of the single span arched roof.
In a second embodiment, the present invention seeks to provide a method of
forming an explosive storehouse for an earth covered magazine including the steps of:
standing two straight metal linings opposite each other;
raising an arched internal single span metal lining to span between the two
straight metal linings at the top edges of the two straight metal linings;
raising metal linings for head and rear walls at opposing ends of the two straight
metal linings;
forming and pouring a concrete floor;
placing internal propping between a connection between the arched internal
single span metal lining and each of the two straight metal sides;
placing additional propping between the arched internal single span metal lining
and the floor;
placing a reinforcement bar adjacent the two straight metal linings, the arched
internal single span metal lining and formwork for the head and rear walls;
pouring concrete into the formwork of the head wall to form a concrete head
wall; and
shotcrete the formwork of the rear wall to form a shotcrete rear wall, shotcrete
the two straight metal linings and shotcrete the arched internal single span metal lining.
Preferably, the method includes a bracket between the arched internal single
span metal lining and each of the two straight metal sides.
Preferably, the bracket is attached to the propping between the connection
between the arched internal single span metal lining and each of the two straight metal
linings during formation.
Preferably, the headwall is formed first after the floor is formed:
wherein the rear wall is shotcrete after the headwall is formed followed by
shotcreting a six metre wide strip at the top of the arched internal single span metal
lining from the rear wall to the head wall;
wherein concrete formation is halted for at least a day following the shotcreting
the six metre strip; and
wherein after the at least one day half of one of the two straight metal lining is
shotcrete followed by shotcreting half of the opposite of the two straight metal linings
followed by shotcreting the remaining half of the initially shotcrete one of the two straight
metal linings followed by shotcreting the remaining half of the opposite of the two
straight metal linings.
Performing the steps in this order ensures structural stability during construction
and a good curing for strength whilst allowing fast formation of the explosive
storehouse.
Brief Description of the Figures
Further features of the present invention are more fully described in the
following description of a non-limiting embodiment thereof. This description is included
solely for the purposes of exemplifying the present invention. It should not be
understood as a restriction on the broad summary, disclosure or description of the
invention as set out above. The description will be made with reference to the
accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a front on view of a prior art explosive storehouse;
Figure 2 is a front on section view of an explosive storehouse in accordance
with an embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 3 is a side section view of the explosive storehouse of Figure 2;
Figure 4 is a section view of the explosive storehouse propping arrangement of
Figure 2;
Figure 5 is a perspective view of a wall and roof section of the explosive
storehouse of Figure 2 during construction;
Figure 6 is a perspective view of the wall and roof connection of the wall and
roof section of Figure 5;
Figure 7 is a side view of a bracket used between the wall and roof section of
Figure 5; and
Figure 8 is a side view of a bracket used between the wall and roof section of
Figure 5.
In the drawings like structures are referred to by like numerals throughout the
several views. The drawings shown are not necessarily to scale, with emphasis instead
generally being placed upon illustrating the principles of the present invention.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments
Broadly, the present invention relates to an arched roof 16 explosive storehouse
with straight wall sections 15. The straight wall sections 15 allow the floor space of
the explosive storehouse 10 to be fully used and for easier access to store explosives,
than an arched structure.
Referring to Figure 1, a prior art arched roof earth covered magazine
ESH explosive storehouse 01 is shown. This type of ESH uses a single span arched
roof 03 covered in a mound 12 of earth 05. Doors 06 provide access to the explosive
storehouse 01. The single span arched roof connects to the ground 09 at fixing points
08. In cooperation with the mound 12 of earth 05, the single span arched roof 03
attenuate explosions that occur within the prior art arched roof ESH 01 and direct the
explosion towards the crown 04 of the igloo 01. Due to the single span arched roof 03
making up the roof and side walls side space 02 is left that cannot receive explosives as
they cannot be reached with lifting and transportation tools such as forklifts due to the
height of the roof in this region.
With reference to Figures 2 and 3, a straight wall arched roof ESH 10 accord to
an embodiment of the present invention is illustrated. The straight wall arched roof
ESH 10 includes straight walls 55 and a single span arched roof 16 connected to the
straight walls to define an internal space 14 for storage of explosives 11. The straight
walls 55 include reinforced shotcrete wall portion 15 and a straight metal lining 39
connected to the reinforced shotcrete wall section 15. The single span arched roof 16
includes a single span reinforced shotcrete section 17 and an internal arched single
span metal lining 13 abutting the single span reinforced shotcrete section 17. The
straight side walls 55 ensure that explosives 11 can be stored proximate the straight
side walls 55. This allows the explosives 11 to be stored closer to the straight side walls
55 than they could be stored near the ground connection in a single span arched
structure as described in Figure 1.
The straight walled arched roof ESH 10 includes a roof vent 18 and is covered
by soil mound 12 to assist in containing and resisting explosions. The straight side
walls 55 are attached to the ground 09 at concrete foundation 20. The straight walled
ESH 10 also includes a head wall 19 with doors and a rear wall 49. The head wall 19
and rear wall 49 are also metal lined. Metal lining the entire perimeter of the ESH 10
above the floor allows the metal to be shaped to dictate the profile of the concrete
formed for the walls. This shape can be chosen to influence the blast and debris
explosion pattern in the event of an explosion. For panel jointing in the metal lining is to
encourage concrete not to form large fragments in the event of an explosion.
With reference to Figures 4 to 7, a method of forming the straight walled arched
roof ESH 10 of Figures 2 and 3 will be described.
Sets of straight metal linings 39 are raised in opposing positions in the location
where the walls of the straight walled arched roof ESH 10 are to be and external props
21 are placed against it to keep it plumb and in place. External props 21 are attached to
the straight metal linings 39 at one end and to temporary concrete blocks 60 on the
other end at the ground to support the external props 21 and straight metal linings 39.
With the straight metal linings 39 in opposing position propped in place the
arched internal single span metal lining 13 is raised into place on top of the straight
metal linings 39 of the straight walled arched roof ESH and connected to bracket 29.
Straight metal linings are installed to front and rear walls. Reinforcement bars for the
floor are put in place and concrete for the foundation and floor of the straight walled
arch roo ESH 10 is poured and left to set. Reinforcement is then put in place for the
head wall 19, formwork for the head wall is then put in place and the head wall is
poured with concrete over the reinforcement, within formwork, to form the headwall 19.
Internal props 24 abut the bracing angles 25 and are supported by the ground
or set concrete floor. Internal props 24 engage with bracing angles 25 with the arched
internal single span metal lining 13 supported with props. Reinforcement bars 23 are
placed around both the straight side metal linings 39, rear wall metal linings #xx and the
arched internal single span metal lining 13.
The rear wall 49 is shotcreted at a constant thickness. Then the straight metal
linings 39 are shotcreted over the reinforcement bars 23 to form reinforced shotcrete
wall portion 15. Then the arched internal single span metal lining 13 is shotcreted over
the reinforcement bars 23 to form single span reinforced shotcrete section 17.
When the shotcrete sets the straight metal linings 39 and reinforced shotcrete
wall portion 15 form straight walls 55 and the arched internal single span metal lining 13
and single span reinforced shotcrete section 17 form single span arched roof 16.
In one embodiment, when the straight metal linings 39 and the arched internal
single span metal lining 13 are propped and ready for concrete with reinforcement bars
23 in place, shotcreting is performed in a particular sequence to maximise the stability
and strength of the structure.
Firstly the rear wall 49 is shotcrete and a strip six metres wide at the top of the
arched internal single span metal lining 13 from the rear wall 49 to the head wall 19 is
shotcrete. At this stage shotcreting and conventional concrete pouring is halted for at
least one day.
After one day half of one straight metal linings 39 is shotcreted followed by
shotcreting half the opposite straight metal linings 39. Then the initially sprayed straight
metal lining 39 has the remaining half shotcreted followed by the remaining half of the
opposite side straight metal lining 39.
With specific reference to Figure 7, in one embodiment the bracing angles 25
include a reinforcing bracket 30 comprising a first plate 45 and a second plate 35. The
second plate 35 is longer than the first plate 45. The bracing angles 25 also include
small fixing bracket 27 extending from the first plate 45 and large fixing brackets 29
extending from the second plate 35. Small fixing brackets 27 are designed to fix the top
of the straight metal linings 39. Large fixing brackets 29 are designed to fix the arched
internal single span metal lining 13 to abut the end of the straight metal linings 39.
A further embodiment of the bracing angle 25 alternative bracing angle 65 is
illustrated in Figure 8. For convenience features of the further embodiment of the
alternative bracing angle 65 that are similar or correspond to features of the bracing
angle 25 of Figure 7 have been referenced with the same reference numerals. The
bracing angles 65 include a reinforcing bracket 30 comprising a first plate 45 and a
second plate 35. The second plate 35 is longer than the first plate 45. The bracing
angles 25 also include first fixing bracket 67 extending from the first plate 45 and
second fixing bracket 69 extending from the second plate 35. First fixing bracket 67 is
designed to sit at the end of the bracing angles 25 to abut the end of the arched internal
single span metal lining 13. Second fixing brackets 69 is designed to sit at the end of
the bracing angles 25 to abut the end of the straight metal linings 39.
Variations and Modifications
Modifications and variations such as would be apparent to the skilled addressee
are considered to fall within the scope of the present invention. The present invention is
not to be limited in scope by any of the specific embodiments described herein. These
embodiments are intended for the purpose of exemplification only. Functionally
equivalent products, formulations and methods are clearly within the scope of the
invention as described herein.
Throughout this specification, unless the context requires otherwise, the word
“comprise ” or variations such as “comprises ” or “comprising ”, will be understood to imply
the inclusion of a stated integer or group of integers but not the exclusion of any other
integer or group of integers.
Any reference to prior art contained herein is not to be taken as an admission
that the information is common general knowledge, unless otherwise indicated.
Claims (9)
1. An explosive storehouse comprising: a head wall; a rear wall; two side walls; and a single span arched roof; wherein the head wall, rear wall, two side walls and the single span arched roof all include a metal lining located internally of the earth covered magazine explosive storehouse; and wherein at least the two side walls, rear wall and the single span arched roof include shotcrete.
2. The explosive storehouse as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the two side walls are straight side walls.
3. The explosive storehouse as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2, wherein the head wall, a rear wall, two side walls and a single span arched roof include reinforcement bars.
4. The explosive storehouse as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the side and rear walls and roof include shotcrete.
5. The explosive storehouse as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein a bracket connects the metal lining of each of the two side walls to the metal lining of the single span arched roof.
6. A method of forming an explosive storehouse including the steps of: standing two straight metal linings opposite each other and supporting the two straight metal linings with props; raising an arched internal single span metal lining to span between the two straight metal linings at the top edges of the two straight metal linings; raising metal linings for head and rear walls at opposing ends of the two straight metal linings; forming, pouring and setting a concrete floor; placing internal propping between a connection between the arched internal single span metal lining and each of the two straight metal sides; placing additional framework between the arched internal single span metal lining and the floor; placing a reinforcement bar adjacent the two straight metal linings, the arched internal single span metal lining and for the head and rear walls; placing formwork to the head wall; pouring concrete into the formwork of the head wall to form a concrete head wall; and shotcrete the formwork of the rear wall to form a shotcrete rear wall, shotcrete the two straight metal linings and shotcrete the arched internal single span metal lining.
7. The method of forming an explosive storehouse as claimed in Claim 6, including a bracket between the arched internal single span metal lining and each of the two straight metal sides
8. The method of forming an explosive storehouse as claimed in Claim 7, wherein the bracket is attached to the propping between the connection between the arched internal single span metal lining and each of the two straight metal linings during formation.
9. The method of forming an explosive storehouse as claimed in any one of Claims 6, 7 or 8: wherein the headwall is formed first after the floor is formed; wherein the rear wall is shotcrete after the headwall is formed followed by shotcreting a six metre wide strip at the top of the arched internal single span metal lining from the rear wall to the head wall; wherein concrete formation is halted for at least a day following the shotcreting the six metre strip; and wherein after the at least one day half of one of the two straight metal lining is shotcrete followed by shotcreting half of the opposite of the two straight metal linings followed by shotcreting the remaining half of the initially shotcrete one of the two straight metal linings followed by shotcreting the remaining half of the opposite of the two straight metal linings.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2018901356 | 2018-04-24 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NZ752773A true NZ752773A (en) |
Family
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