NZ752645A - Underground support system and method - Google Patents
Underground support system and method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NZ752645A NZ752645A NZ752645A NZ75264519A NZ752645A NZ 752645 A NZ752645 A NZ 752645A NZ 752645 A NZ752645 A NZ 752645A NZ 75264519 A NZ75264519 A NZ 75264519A NZ 752645 A NZ752645 A NZ 752645A
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- New Zealand
- Prior art keywords
- underground
- wire mesh
- flexible wire
- metal wires
- concrete
- Prior art date
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 74
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 207
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- Underground Structures, Protecting, Testing And Restoring Foundations (AREA)
Abstract
An underground support system comprising: an initial underground reinforcement system; wherein the initial underground reinforcement system is encapsulated with concrete or a cement material; a final underground reinforcement system; wherein the final underground reinforcement system is encapsulated with concrete or a cement material; and a moisture barrier system; wherein the moisture barrier system is positioned between the initial underground reinforcement system encapsulated with concrete or a cement material, and the final underground reinforcement system encapsulated with concrete or a cement material; wherein at least one of the initial underground reinforcement system and the final underground reinforcement system comprises: a flexible wire mesh comprising a matrix of longitudinally and transversely extending metal wires; wherein the matrix of longitudinally and transversely extending metal wires comprises a plurality of three dimensional sheets, each sheet having at least one raised corrugation, positioned along the length of an underground space; wherein the raised corrugation acts as template depth girders for application of concrete or cement material at a defined depth such that the underground reinforcement system is encapsulated with the concrete or cement material; and wherein said underground reinforcement system defines a geometric supporting framework.
Description
least one raised corrugation, positioned along the length of an underground space; wherein the
raised corrugation acts as template depth girders for ation of concrete or cement material
at a defined depth such that the underground reinforcement system is encapsulated with the
concrete or cement material; and wherein said underground reinforcement system defines a
geometric supporting framework.
0013121USP/3474
UNDERGROUND SUPPORT SYSTEM AND METHOD
BACKGROUND
1. Field of the Disclosure
This disclosure relates to an underground support system, and a method of
supporting an underground space. The underground support system is highly
versatile and useful, for example, in a y underground spaces (e.g., tunnels,
shafts, caverns and stations), and also in underground spaces having a variety of
different geometric shapes (e.g., cylindrical, elliptical, rectangular, triangular, and
the like).
2. sion of the Background Art
Underground t s, for example, tunneling roof and sidewall
control, are important for the safety and wellbeing of workers and users of the
finished underground operation. Surface control is critical to effective
underground support systems such as tunneling roof and sidewall support systems.
Surface control s with adequate teristics can help reduce or even
eliminate progressive underground support system failures.
round support systems such as roof and sidewall supports are
commonly used in round tunneling, excavating, and mining operations to
support and control the overhead and lateral rock and soil strata. In one
conventional tunneling surface control system, hand tied rebar is used which
requires massive amounts of manpower literally tying each and every corner of bar
ection with wire ties. The labor and time intensive rebar exerts a
compressive force upon the mine roof and sidewall to prevent deterioration of the
overhead and lateral rock and soil strata.
Such conventional underground support systems lly do not provide
versatility for supporting a variety underground spaces (e.g., s, shafts,
caverns and stations), an also do not provide ility for supporting underground
spaces having a variety of different geometric shapes (e.g., cylindrical, elliptical,
rectangular, triangular, and the like). tional underground support systems
are typically limited to ular underground spaces having particular geometric
shapes.
Due to this lack of space and geometric versatility and the labor intensity
required for conventional underground support operations, it would be ble to
develop an underground support system that provides improved versatility for
supporting a variety of underground spaces and underground spaces having a
variety of different ric shapes, and also improved installation encies,
improved y control structural connections, and resultant job site safety.
The present disclosure provides many advantages, which shall become
nt as bed below.
SUMMARY
This disclosure relates to an underground support system, and a method of
supporting an underground space. The underground support system is highly
versatile and , for example, in a variety underground spaces (e.g., tunnels,
shafts, caverns and ns), and also in underground spaces having a variety of
ent geometric shapes (e.g., cylindrical, elliptical, rectangular, triangular, and
the like).
This disclosure also s to an underground support system comprising
an underground reinforcement system. The round reinforcement system
comprises a flexible wire mesh comprising a matrix of longitudinally and
transversely extending metal wires. The matrix of longitudinally and transversely
extending metal wires comprises a plurality of three dimensional sheets, each sheet
having at least one raised corrugation, positioned along the length of an
underground space. The raised corrugation acts as template depth girders for
application of concrete or cement material at a defined depth such that the
underground reinforcement system is encapsulated with the concrete or cement
material. The underground reinforcement system defines a geometric supporting
framework. The spacing and height of the raised corrugation is a design element
specific to the application for concrete or cement material depth and intended
girder dimensions.
1USP/3474
This disclosure further relates in part to an underground support system
comprising an initial underground reinforcement system, in which the initial
underground reinforcement system is encapsulated with concrete or a cement
material; a final underground reinforcement system, in which the final
underground reinforcement system is encapsulated with concrete or a cement
material; and a moisture barrier system, in which the moisture barrier system is
positioned between the l underground reinforcement system encapsulated
with concrete or a cement material, and the final round reinforcement
system encapsulated with concrete or a cement material. The initial underground
reinforcement system comprises a flexible wire mesh comprising a matrix of
udinally and transversely extending metal wires. The matrix of
longitudinally and transversely extending metal wires comprises a plurality of
three dimensional sheets, each sheet having at least one raised corrugation,
positioned along the length of an underground space. The raised ation acts
as template depth girders for application of concrete or cement material at a
defined depth such that the underground reinforcement system is encapsulated
with the concrete or cement material. The initial underground reinforcement
system defines a geometric supporting framework. The final round
rcement system comprises a plurality of ural supports oned at
spaced intervals along the length of an underground space, in which the structural
supports comprise lattice girders. Each structural support defines the geometric
supporting framework.
This disclosure yet further relates in part to an underground support system
comprising an l underground reinforcement system, in which the l
underground reinforcement system is encapsulated with concrete or a cement
al; a final underground reinforcement system, in which the final
underground reinforcement system is ulated with concrete or a cement
material; and a moisture barrier system, in which the moisture barrier system is
positioned between the initial underground reinforcement system encapsulated
with concrete or a cement material, and the final underground reinforcement
system encapsulated with concrete or a cement material. The initial underground
reinforcement system and the final round reinforcement system comprise a
flexible wire mesh comprising a matrix of longitudinally and transversely
0013121USP/3474
extending metal wires. The matrix of longitudinally and transversely extending
metal wires comprises a plurality of three dimensional sheets, each sheet having at
least one raised corrugation, positioned along the length of an underground space.
The raised corrugation acts as template depth girders for application of concrete or
cement material at a defined depth such that the underground reinforcement system
is encapsulated with the concrete or cement material. The round
reinforcement system defines a ric supporting framework.
This disclosure also relates to an underground support system comprising
an initial underground reinforcement system, in which the initial underground
reinforcement system is encapsulated with concrete or a cement material; a final
underground reinforcement system, in which the final underground reinforcement
system is encapsulated with concrete or a cement al; and a moisture barrier
system, in which the moisture barrier system is positioned between the l
underground rcement system encapsulated with concrete or a cement
material, and the final underground reinforcement system encapsulated with
concrete or a cement material. The initial underground reinforcement system and
the final underground reinforcement system comprise a flexible wire mesh
comprising a matrix of longitudinally and ersely extending metal wires. The
matrix of longitudinally and transversely extending metal wires comprises a
ity of three dimensional sheets, each sheet having at least one raised
corrugation, oned along the length of an underground space. The raised
corrugation acts as template depth girders for application of concrete or cement
material at a d depth such that the underground reinforcement system is
encapsulated with the concrete or cement material. The underground
reinforcement systems define a geometric supporting framework.
This disclosure further relates in part to a method of supporting an
underground space. The method comprises positioning an underground t
system against an underground ate, and maintaining the underground t
system in contact with the underground substrate. The underground support
system comprises an underground reinforcement system. The underground
reinforcement system comprises a flexible wire mesh comprising a matrix of
longitudinally and transversely extending metal wires. The matrix of
longitudinally and transversely extending metal wires comprises a plurality of
three dimensional sheets, each sheet having at least one raised corrugation,
positioned along the length of an underground space. The raised corrugation acts
as template depth girders for application of te or cement material at a
defined depth such that the underground reinforcement system is ulated
with the concrete or cement material. The round reinforcement system
defines a geometric supporting framework. The spacing and height of the raised
corrugation is a design element specific to the application for concrete or cement
material depth and intended girder dimensions.
This disclosure yet further relates in part to a method of supporting an
underground space. The method comprises positioning an underground support
system against an round substrate, and maintaining the underground support
system in contact with the underground substrate. The underground t system
comprises: an initial underground reinforcement system, in which the initial
underground rcement system is encapsulated with concrete or a cement
material; a final underground reinforcement , in which the final underground
rcement system is encapsulated with te or a cement material; and a
moisture r system, in which the moisture barrier system is positioned between
the initial underground reinforcement system encapsulated with concrete or a cement
material, and the final underground reinforcement system encapsulated with concrete
or a cement al. The initial underground reinforcement system comprises a
flexible wire mesh comprising a matrix of udinally and ersely extending
metal wires. The matrix of longitudinally and transversely extending metal wires
comprises a plurality of three dimensional sheets, each sheet having at least one
raised corrugation, positioned along the length of an underground space. The raised
corrugation acts as template depth girders for application of concrete or cement
material at a defined depth such that the underground rcement system is
encapsulated with the concrete or cement material. The initial round
reinforcement system defines a geometric supporting framework. The final
underground reinforcement system comprises a plurality of structural supports
positioned at spaced intervals along the length of the underground, in which the
structural supports comprise lattice girders. Each structural support defines the
geometric supporting framework.
0013121USP/3474
This disclosure also relates to a method of supporting an underground
space. the method comprises positioning an underground support system t
an underground substrate, and maintaining the underground support system in
contact with the underground substrate. The underground support system
comprises: an initial underground reinforcement system, in which the initial
underground reinforcement system is encapsulated with concrete or a cement
material; a final underground reinforcement system, in which the final
underground reinforcement system is encapsulated with concrete or a cement
material; and a moisture barrier system, in which the moisture barrier system is
positioned between the initial underground rcement system encapsulated
with concrete or a cement material, and the final round reinforcement
system encapsulated with concrete or a cement al. The at least one of the
initial underground reinforcement system and the final underground reinforcement
system comprises a le wire mesh comprising a matrix of longitudinally and
transversely ing metal wires. The matrix of longitudinally and transversely
extending metal wires comprises a plurality of three dimensional , each sheet
having at least one raised corrugation, positioned along the length of an
underground space. The raised ation acts as template depth girders for
application of concrete or cement material at a defined depth such that the
underground reinforcement system is encapsulated with the concrete or cement
material. The underground reinforcement system defines a geometric supporting
This disclosure further s in part to a method of supporting an
underground space. The method comprises positioning an underground support
system against an underground substrate, and maintaining the underground support
system in contact with the underground substrate. The underground support
system comprises: an initial round reinforcement system, in which the
initial underground reinforcement system is ulated with concrete or a
cement material; a final underground reinforcement system, in which the final
underground reinforcement system is encapsulated with concrete or a cement
material; and a moisture barrier system, in which the moisture barrier system is
positioned between the initial underground rcement system encapsulated
with concrete or a cement material, and the final round reinforcement
system encapsulated with concrete or a cement material. The initial underground
reinforcement system and the final underground reinforcement system comprise a
flexible wire mesh comprising a matrix of longitudinally and ersely
extending metal wires. The matrix of longitudinally and transversely extending
metal wires comprises a plurality of three dimensional sheets, each sheet having at
least one raised corrugation, positioned along the length of an underground space.
The raised corrugation acts as template depth girders for application of te or
cement material at a defined depth such that the underground reinforcement system
is encapsulated with the concrete or cement material. The underground
reinforcement systems define a geometric supporting framework.
This disclosure yet further relates in part to an underground reinforcement
system comprising a flexible wire mesh comprising a matrix of longitudinally and
transversely extending metal wires. The matrix of longitudinally and transversely
extending metal wires comprises a plurality of three dimensional sheets, each sheet
having at least one raised corrugation, positioned along the length of an underground
space. The raised corrugation acts as template depth girders for application of
concrete or cement material at a defined depth such that the underground
reinforcement system is encapsulated with the te or cement material. The
underground reinforcement system defines a geometric supporting framework. The
spacing and height of the raised ation is a design element specific to the
ation for te or cement material depth and intended girder dimensions.
An advantage of this sure is the ability of the underground t
system to provide improved ility for supporting a variety underground spaces
(e.g., tunnels, shafts, caverns and stations) having a variety of different geometric
shapes (e.g., cylindrical, elliptical, gular, triangular, and the like), improved
installation encies, improved quality control structural connections, and
resultant job site safety. The underground reinforcement system of this disclosure
replaces conventional rounding surface control s, such as labor and
time intensive hand tied rebar. In contrast to labor and time intensive hand tied
rebar, the underground reinforcement system of this disclosure can be
prefabricated off site. This allows welding of mesh placement and overlapping or
intersections instead of tied, and provides repetitive and improved quality and
durability during ent on site. The underground support system of this
0013121USP/3474
disclosure provides compression for holding in place the underground roof and
sidewall material, and thereby prevents collapse of the underground space.
Further objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will be
understood by reference to the following drawings and detailed description.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 shows a partially exploded view of a tunnel support system in
ance with an embodiment of this sure.
Fig. 2 shows a section of flexible wire mesh defining a geometric
supporting framework in accordance with an embodiment of this disclosure.
Fig. 3 shows a lly exploded view of a tunnel support system in
accordance with an embodiment of this disclosure.
Fig. 4 shows an ric view of a single sheet of le wire mesh
having raised corrugations in accordance with an embodiment of this disclosure.
Fig. 5 shows a top view of the single sheet of flexible wire mesh in Fig. 4 in
accordance with an embodiment of this disclosure.
Fig. 6 shows a side view of the single sheet of flexible wire mesh in Fig. 4
in accordance with an embodiment of this disclosure.
Fig. 7 shows an al side view of a single sheet of flexible wire mesh in
accordance with an embodiment of this disclosure.
Fig. 8 shows an end view of the single sheet of flexible wire mesh in Fig. 4
in accordance with an embodiment of this disclosure.
Fig. 9 shows a d profile transverse ribs of flexible wire mesh in
accordance with an embodiment of this disclosure.
0013121USP/3474
Fig. 10 shows a pressed profile longitudinal ribs of flexible wire mesh in
accordance with an embodiment of this disclosure.
Fig. 11 shows an ric view of adjacent overlapped sheets of le
wire mesh in accordance with an embodiment of this disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE MENTS
This disclosure provides a prefabricated reinforcement system for initial
and final underground space, e.g., tunnels, shafts, linings, caverns, stations, and the
like). In comparison with conventional rebar support systems, the underground
reinforcement systems of this disclosure offer higher quality shop fabrication,
reduced installation time (e.g., less manhours), lower costs, topside panel
completion, increased safety including less manpower in harms way during
installation, and significant on .
In addition, the underground rcement s of this disclosure offer
higher versatility for supporting a variety underground spaces (e.g., tunnels, shafts,
s and stations), an also higher versatility for supporting underground spaces
having a variety of different geometric shapes (e.g., cylindrical, elliptical,
gular, triangular, and the like). Conventional underground support systems
are typically limited to particular underground spaces having particular geometric
shapes.
Prefabricated flexible wire mesh is preferably used in the underground
support system of this disclosure. The underground reinforcement system of this
disclosure provides equivalent area of steel (As) in comparison to conventional
rebar reinforcement systems. The underground reinforcement system of this
disclosure icantly improves installation cycle times. The underground
reinforcement system of this sure provides lower overall installation cost and
improved safety in comparison with conventional labor and time intensive rebar
systems.
Three dimensional flexible mesh sheets are useful in the round
reinforcement system of this disclosure. The three dimensional flexible mesh
0013121USP/3474
sheets have at least one raised corrugation. The raised corrugation acts as template
depth girders for application of concrete or cement al at a defined depth such
that the underground reinforcement system is ulated with the concrete or
cement al. The mesh configuration and number of mesh sheets is limited
only be application space and contractor capabilities.
The underground reinforcement system of this disclosure utilizes flat
mats/sheets of wire/steel pressed/deformed into a three ional axis structure
thereby providing structural support for ent and use in underground
excavations for initial or final support. The deformed mats/sheets provide raised
corrugations for application of shotcrete depths as required. The mats/sheets can
be further d/deformed/rolled to define or match the excavation section for
easy installation and profile l. The lattice girder mesh allows for multiple
installation of template depth girders with a single mat/sheet.
The e girder mesh system of this disclosure is ed to improve the
quality and reduce the time required to install shotcrete template ures in
underground excavations. Presently, underground excavations are initially
supported by flat wire mesh panels bolted to the rock or earth with shotcrete
sprayed to a defined depth for design conformance. Other methods include heavier
bar tied systems similarly bolted to cavern, shaft or tunnel walls. Still other
systems utilize lattice girders. The e girder mesh system of this disclosure is a
three dimensional steel structure bent/rolled to provide shotcrete template depth as
well as profile control to an round excavation. Lattice girder mesh
combines each of these features into one individual system of deformed flat sheets
to create the three dimensional attributes with multiple girders per sheet. Once
installed, the lattice girder mesh is a fairly rigid structure and after encapsulation in
shotcrete, is a part of a structural element, e.g., the underground support system.
The underground reinforcement system of this disclosure can utilize lap
joints with rebar for joining overlapping mesh sheets. Overlap of the deformed
mesh is not needed where the use is for only shotcrete depth only. However, there
will be applications that require application to provide some structural continuity
across the deformed mats/sheets. This is analogous to reinforced lap bar splicing
0013121USP/3474
where the development length (overlap) provides continuity of the structural
element, either a single bar of lattice girder.
The overall placement of overlapped mesh pieces in the underground
reinforcement system of this disclosure is not critical. In an embodiment, the
mat/sheets can be installed in either direction. For example, when the
deformations/corrugations align longitudinally, the mesh mats/sheets will easily
roll/bend to match the excavated ground line. The attachment is typically by a bolt
of some type with a plate. In this arrangement, a mental lightweight bar
system will be d circumferentially for profile control. When the mesh
mat/sheet is oriented 90 degrees differently, the ations/corrugations require
pre-formed bending for profile control.
The flexible wire mesh used in this disclosure can be prepared by
conventional processes. For example, mesh mat/sheet deformation can be created
by mechanical presses and/or the manual fabrication of individual bar ts
attached together in a eet form. The spacing and height of the
deformations/corrugations is a design element specific to the application for
shotcrete depth and intended girder dimensions.
In an embodiment, the lattice girder mesh of this disclosure is a pre-
assembled product for installation in round spaces requiring easy and simple
installation. ricated mats/sheets meeting the project ements are
delivered and bolted into the excavation walls and crown/ceilings with the
prescribed overlap. Bolts can vary from rock bolts to solid type bolts of s
manufacture as per embedment and designed restraint.
In an embodiment, the lattice girder mesh used in this disclosure is a
designed mat/sheet of varying component pieces from about 1/8 inch wire to bars
of about 1 inch or so. The only limitation is the design load requirements or
material handling limitations in the underground space. The wire/bar g is
variable and dependent of the intended use.
0013121USP/3474
The flexible wire mesh useful in this disclosure can be a plurality of sheets
connected in an pping configuration. The flexible wire mesh can be
ured from a plurality of metal wires welded together or woven together. The
flexible wire mesh can be formed of a plurality of metal wires of a first gauge, a
plurality of metal wires of a second gauge, or a combination thereof. The flexible
wire mesh can be formed of a plurality of metal wires of a first cross-sectional
shape, a plurality of metal wires of a second cross-sectional shape, or a
combination thereof. The flexible wire mesh permits positioning or bending of the
sheets along the length and geometry of the underground space. In an
embodiment, the flexible wire mesh has two or more raised corrugations per sheet.
The flexible wire mesh has ductile qualities that are important in the
bending/pressing/deforming of the sheets/mats for the corrugations to develop.
The underground space supported by the underground support system of
this disclosure can be any underground space capable of being supported, for
example, a tunnel, shaft, cavern or n. The underground support system can
be installed in an round excavation that is vertically or horizontally oriented.
The geometric supporting ork formed from the underground support
system of this disclosure can be any geometric supporting framework, for e,
a vertically or horizontally oriented, three dimensional geometric shape.
In an embodiment, rebar can be used for onal support, in particular,
rebar interconnecting with the le wire mesh. One or more stabilizing
members (e.g., bolts or hooks) can be connected to the flexible wire mesh. Also,
one or more stabilizing members (e.g., tie rods) can be connected to overlapping
sheets of flexible wire mesh.
In one embodiment, the lattice girder mesh of this disclosure is generally
used as an initial support system as the installation speed is important. However,
in the mining applications where initial and final support may not be differentiated
from, the lattice girder mesh would be used as a final liner rcement as well.
Similarly, in underground sewer, stormwater utility or other e rehabilitation
effort, the lattice girder mesh would be used as the final liner reinforcement. Once
0013121USP/3474
installed, the lattice girder mesh is a fairly rigid structure and after encapsulation in
shotcrete, is a part of a structural element, e.g., the underground support system.
The cement can be introduced and retained in the installed underground
support system of this disclosure ut dripping out) by conventional methods
such as using shotcrete. Shotcrete is class of sprayed concrete shot from a nozzle
under pressure into the space created by the lattice girder mesh. As the shotcrete is
another specific design element for strength and cure rate, it is ed to adhere
and maintain profile by combinations of cement, water volume and other
admixtures so as not to leave the intended placement area.
The underground t system of this disclosure can be used in tunnel
ection configurations. The lattice girder mesh of this disclosure is le
for use at intersecting tunnels. Much as drywall is trimmed from window dormers
in a home, e girder mesh is applied and trimmed to create the three
dimensional intersection of the two tubes. The overlaps are easily trimmed back
by torch or other mechanical shear device.
Additionally, most underground caverns, tunnels, shafts and stations
require a water proofing membrane to eliminate water intrusion or exit. Use of
conventional tied bar reinforcement typically requires the installation of expensive
and time consuming bolts to support the rcement bar mat while put into
place. Use of the round reinforcement systems of this disclosure in total
eliminates the bolts which thereby eliminates the bolt penetration through the
membrane. The cost of installation and subsequent repairs is very costly. The
underground reinforcement systems of this disclosure solve this problem.
A partially exploded view of a tunnel support system of this disclosure is
shown in Fig. 1. The tunnel support system 100 is positioned against a tunnel
ate 104, which is underground 102. The substrate can be, for example, rock,
soil or an existing ure. The tunnel support system 100 includes a tunnel
reinforcement system 108, which is overlayed or ulated with concrete or a
cement material 106. The final tunnel reinforcement system 108 includes a
flexible wire mesh 110 having raised corrugations positioned along the length of
0013121USP/3474
the tunnel. The flexible wire mesh 110 having raised corrugations defines a
geometric supporting framework (e.g., arch).
In an embodiment, a section of flexible wire mesh 200 defining a geometric
supporting framework is shown in Fig. 2. The flexible wire mesh 202 has raised
corrugations 204 that act as te depth girders for application of concrete or
cement material at a defined depth such that the underground reinforcement system
is encapsulated with the te or cement material. The flexible wire mesh 202
having raised corrugations 204 defines a geometric supporting framework (e.g.,
arch).
A partially exploded view of a tunnel support system of this disclosure is
shown in Fig. 3. The tunnel support system 300 is positioned against a tunnel
substrate 304, which is underground 302. The substrate can be, for example, rock,
soil or an existing structure. The tunnel support system 300 es an initial
tunnel reinforcement system 308, which is overlayed or encapsulated with concrete
or a cement material 306. The tunnel support system 300 also includes a final
tunnel reinforcement system 314, which is overlayed or encapsulated with concrete
or a cement material 312. The tunnel support system 300 further includes a
moisture barrier system 310. The re barrier system 310 is positioned
between the initial tunnel reinforcement system 308 overlayed or encapsulated
with concrete or a cement material 306, and the final tunnel reinforcement system
314 overlayed or encapsulated with concrete or a cement material 312. The l
tunnel reinforcement system 308 includes a flexible wire mesh having raised
corrugations positioned along the length of the tunnel (not shown). The flexible
wire mesh having raised corrugations defines a geometric supporting framework
(e.g., arch). The final tunnel reinforcement system 314 e a ity of
structural ts 316 and 318, respectively, oned at spaced intervals along
the length of the tunnel. Each structural support 316 and 318 defines a geometric
supporting framework (e.g., arch).
The l support structure 308 is typically a te lattice girder of
some depth and spacing to allow the spray application of concrete or a cement
material 306 which adheres to tunnel walls and gs. In the initial tunnel
0013121USP/3474
rcement system 308, the lattice girder mesh ons as a concrete depth
gage and provide a minimal ural element of support to the initial shell. In the
final tunnel reinforcement system 314, the lattice girders 318 function as a concrete
depth gage and provide a more maximal structural element of support to the final
shell. The tunnel reinforcement system of this sure is far more dense in
terms of steel and design as part of the initial and/or final shell in comparison to a
conventional rebar system.
In another embodiment, an isometric view of a single sheet of flexible wire
mesh 400 having raised corrugations 404 is shown in Fig. 4. In an embodiment,
the sheet of flexible wire mesh 400 has smooth wire in both directions. The
flexible wire mesh 402 has multiple raised corrugations 404 that act as template
depth girders for application of concrete or cement material at a defined depth such
that the underground rcement system is ulated with the concrete or
cement material. The size of the raised corrugations varies depending on the
project. The flexible wire mesh 402 having raised corrugations 404 defines a
geometric supporting framework (e.g., arch).
Fig. 5 shows a top view of the single sheet of flexible wire mesh in Fig. 4
in accordance with an embodiment of this disclosure. In an embodiment, the sheet
of flexible wire mesh 500 has smooth wire in both directions. The flexible wire
mesh 502 has multiple raised corrugations 504. The size of the raised corrugations
varies depending on the project.
A side view of the single sheet of flexible wire mesh in Fig. 4 in
accordance with an embodiment of this disclosure is shown in Fig. 6. In an
ment, the sheet of flexible wire mesh 600 has smooth wire in both
directions. The flexible wire mesh 602 has multiple raised corrugations 604. The
size and shape of the raised ations 604 varies depending on the project.
A side view of the single sheet of flexible wire mesh in Fig. 4 in
accordance with an embodiment of this sure is shown in Fig. 7. In an
embodiment, the sheet of flexible wire mesh 700 has smooth wire in both
0013121USP/3474
directions. The flexible wire mesh 702 has multiple raised corrugations 704. The
size and shape of the raised corrugations 704 varies depending on the project.
An end view of the single sheet of flexible wire mesh in Fig. 4 in
accordance with an embodiment of this disclosure is shown in Fig. 8. In an
embodiment, the sheet of flexible wire mesh 800 has smooth wire in both
directions. The le wire mesh 802 has multiple raised corrugations 804. The
size and shape of the raised corrugations 804 varies depending on the project.
Fig. 9 shows a pressed e transverse ribs 900 of flexible wire mesh 902
in accordance with an embodiment of this disclosure.
Fig. 10 shows a pressed profile longitudinal ribs 1000 of flexible wire mesh
1002 in accordance with an embodiment of this disclosure. The le wire mesh
1002 has multiple raised corrugations 1004. The size and shape of the raised
corrugations 1004 varies depending on the project.
An isometric view of adjacent overlapped sheets of le wire mesh
1100 having raised corrugations 1104 in accordance with an embodiment of this
sure is shown in Fig. 11. In an ment, the overlapped sheets of
le wire mesh 1100 have smooth wire in both directions. The flexible wire
mesh 1102 has multiple raised corrugations 1104 that act as template depth girders
for ation of concrete or cement material at a defined depth such that the
underground reinforcement system is encapsulated with the concrete or cement
material. The size of the raised corrugations varies depending on the project. The
overlapped sheets of flexible wire mesh 1100 have optional rebar for lap joints
1106. Rock bolts 1108 are shown for placement of the overlapped sheets of
le wire mesh 1100 as required. Overlap location 1110 is shown connecting
sheets of flexible wire mesh 1102. The flexible wire mesh 1102 having raised
corrugations 1104 defines a geometric supporting framework (e.g., arch).
The flexible wire mesh sheets can be positioned along the length of an
underground space. One or more stabilizing members can be connected to
adjacent mesh sheets. Illustrative stabilizing members include, for example, tie
0013121USP/3474
rods and the like. In addition, one or more stabilizing members can be connected
to structural supports for use in izing the structural supports against the
e of the underground space, e.g., tunnel, shaft, cavern or station. Illustrative
stabilizing members include, for example, rods, hooks, and the like.
Lattice girders used in the underground reinforcement system of this
disclosure bed, for example, in copending U.S. Patent Application Serial No.
62/807,796, filed February 20, 2019, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein
by reference in its entirety.
The geometric shape of the tunnel reinforcement system of this disclosure
can be adaptable to any substrate geometry. In particular, the tunnel reinforcement
system of this disclosure can be a sal geometric shape (e.g., ellipsoid,
trapezoid, square, rectangular, circle, and the like). The substrate can include, for
example, rock, soil, or an existing structure.
In addition to substrate support, the wire mesh used in this disclosure
and/or other intrados or extrados bars (longitudinal to the tunnel axis) afford
concrete shrinkage or ng control. The tunnel reinforcement system of this
disclosure includes customized hooks to attach mesh to the tunnel support system.
This also supports the original rebar design intent and function. In an embodiment,
wire mesh is applied over some or all of the underground reinforcement system to
facilitate adherence of the cementitious sealing composition.
In an ment, rebar can be used to interconnect with the flexible wire
mesh. A combination of rebar and flexible wire mesh can also be used. The
flexible wire mesh can be encapsulated with fiber rced shotcrete.
In an embodiment, whole sections of the underground reinforcement
system can be pre-assembled above ground. After assembly, the whole sections
can be lowered by crane into the underground space, e.g., tunnel, shaft, cavern or
station, for installation.
0013121USP/3474
Tie rods may be useful in the underground support system of this
disclosure, especially when the final underground reinforcement system uses
lattice girders. The number is tie rods used in the underground reinforcement
system of this disclosure is not critical. The round reinforcement system
consists of nominal or higher th steel with increased bar spacing if
acceptable or a replication of the original design in a modular form for installation
reducing on site labor costs, improving efficiency and providing a safer work
space.
In an embodiment, underground reinforcement systems of this disclosure
can have ecting geometries. In particular, the intersection of two (2)
ellipsoidal underground reinforcement systems is part of this sure.
For underground reinforcement systems having intersecting geometries,
moment connections simplify the reinforcement bar mat. The moment connections
are designed to transfer bending moments, shear forces and sometimes normal
. The design strength and stiffness of a moment connection are defined in
relation to the strength and stiffness of the connected underground rcement
systems. The design strength of a moment connection may be full strength (i.e.,
the moment capacity of the connection is equal to or larger than the ty of the
connected underground reinforcement s) or partial strength (i.e., the
moment capacity of the connection is less than that of the connected underground
rcement systems). Similarly the stiffness of a moment connection can be
rigid or semi-rigid compared to the stiffness of the connected underground
reinforcement systems.
In an embodiment, tunnels, shafts and caverns are first created by earth or
rock excavation with an immediate application of an initial support ure. The
initial support structure is typically a template e girder mesh of some depth
and spacing to allow the spray application of zero slump ete which adheres
to cavern walls and ceilings. The depth of concrete is of a designed depth and the
lattice girder mesh functions as a concrete depth gage and provide a minimal
structural element of support to the initial shell. The final support structure of
e girders can be far more dense in terms of steel and design as part of the
0013121USP/3474
initial and/or final shell in comparison to a conventional rebar system. The final
support structure of lattice girders can be placed nt/inside of the initial shell
and is then encapsulated to the finished wall lines by either more shotcrete or
te pumped into forms under high pressure. This is typical. Final concrete
panels of 50 feet are typical. The travelling formwork leap frogs back and forth
until all the final tunnel reinforcement system and concrete is placed completing
the final shell.
The tunnel reinforcement system of this disclosure is encapsulated to the
finished wall lines by overlaying or encapsulating with concrete. Illustrative
concrete includes, for example, shotcrete concrete, zero slump concrete, sliding
form concrete, and the like. The concrete can be pumped into movable forms
under pressure. The movable formwork leap frogs back and forth until all the final
tunnel reinforcement system and concrete is placed, thereby ting the final
shell.
In an embodiment, the round reinforcement system is constructed
out of a ricated sheets of metal wire mesh that overlap to form the walls and
roof of the underground rcement system. The underground rcement
system is configured to fit the applicable intersection, as irregularities of the tunnel
leads to varying dimensions of intersections.
The underground reinforcement system of this sure can be
prefabricated off site. This allows welding of mesh placement and overlapping or
intersections instead of tied, and provides repetitive and improved quality and
durability during placement on site. The underground reinforcement system of this
disclosure provides ssion for g in place the underground tunnel roof
and sidewall material, and thereby prevents se of the underground support
members useful in this disclosure may be formed by conventional methods known
in the art.
Alternatively, the underground reinforcement system (i.e., initial and final
liner) can be assembled in place in the underground space. A cementitious sealing
composition is applied to the exterior of the underground reinforcement system in
0013121USP/3474
order to provide sealing as well as strength. For example, shotcrete or gunite is
applied to tunnel reinforcement system in order to not only seal the system, but
also to span any gaps between the system and the sidewalls and ceiling ng
the passageways in which the system is positioned. The wire mesh facilitates
adherence of the cementitious sealing composition.
The embodiments of the tunnel reinforcement system of this disclosure can
be sufficiently flexible to compensate for variations in the angle of the roof and
side walls, and/or variations due to anar surfaces of the roof and/or side
walls.
In an embodiment, the tunnel support system of this disclosure includes a
re barrier system. The moisture barrier system is positioned between the
initial tunnel reinforcement system that has been ulated with concrete or a
cement material, and the final tunnel reinforcement system that has been
encapsulated with concrete or a cement material. Illustrative moisture barriers
include, for example, plastic materials (e.g., polyethylene plastic), sealants, foams,
and the like.
The tunnel support system of this disclosure is useful in a y of
applications, for e, tunneling, excavating, mining, and the like. In an
embodiment, the tunnel support system is useful for underground tunneling for
transportation purposes (e.g., ng underground railways or roadways). Other
applications include, for example, sewerage tunnels, utility tunnels, and the like.
While we have shown and described several ments in accordance
with our disclosure, it is to be clearly understood that the same may be susceptible
to numerous changes apparent to one skilled in the art. ore, we do not wish
to be limited to the details shown and described but intend to show all s and
modifications that come within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (96)
1. An underground support system comprising: an initial underground reinforcement system; wherein the initial underground rcement system is encapsulated with concrete or a cement material; a final underground reinforcement system; wherein the final underground reinforcement system is encapsulated with te or a cement al; and a moisture barrier system; wherein the moisture barrier system is positioned between the initial underground reinforcement system encapsulated with te or a cement material, and the final underground reinforcement system encapsulated with concrete or a cement material; wherein the initial underground rcement system comprises: a flexible wire mesh comprising a matrix of longitudinally and ersely extending metal wires; wherein the matrix of longitudinally and transversely extending metal wires comprises a plurality of three dimensional , each sheet having at least one raised ation, positioned along the length of an underground space; wherein the raised ation acts as template depth girders for application of concrete or cement material at a defined depth such that the underground rcement system is encapsulated with the concrete or cement material; and wherein said initial underground reinforcement system defines a geometric supporting framework; wherein the final underground reinforcement system comprises: a plurality of structural supports positioned at spaced intervals along the length of an underground space; wherein the structural supports comprise lattice girders; and wherein each structural support defines the geometric supporting framework.
2. An underground support system according to claim 1, wherein the initial underground reinforcement system and/or the final underground rcement system comprise: a flexible wire mesh comprising a matrix of longitudinally and transversely extending metal wires; wherein the matrix of longitudinally and transversely extending metal wires comprises a plurality of three dimensional sheets, each sheet having at least one raised corrugation, positioned along the length of an round space; wherein the raised corrugation acts as template depth girders for ation of concrete or cement material at a defined depth such that the underground reinforcement systems are encapsulated with the concrete or cement material; and wherein said underground reinforcement systems define a geometric supporting framework.
3. The underground support system of claim 2 wherein the flexible wire mesh comprises a plurality of sheets connected in an overlapping configuration.
4. The underground support system of claim 2 wherein the flexible wire mesh is ured from a plurality of metal wires welded together.
5. The underground support system of claim 2 wherein the flexible wire mesh is ured from a plurality of metal wires woven together.
6. The round t system of claim 2 wherein the flexible wire mesh is formed of a plurality of metal wires of a first gauge, a plurality of metal wires of a second gauge, or a combination thereof.
7. The underground support system of claim 2 wherein the le wire mesh is formed of a plurality of metal wires of a first cross-sectional shape, a plurality of metal wires of a second sectional shape, or a combination thereof.
8. The underground support system of claim 2 wherein the flexible wire mesh permits positioning or bending of said sheets along the length and geometry of the underground space.
9. The underground support system of claim 2 n the flexible wire mesh has two or more raised corrugations per sheet.
10. The underground support system of claim 2 wherein the underground space comprises a tunnel, shaft, cavern or station.
11. The underground support system of claim 2 n the geometric ting framework comprises a vertically or horizontally oriented, three dimensional geometric shape.
12. The underground support system of claim 2 r comprising rebar interconnecting with the le wire mesh.
13. The underground support system of claim 2 further comprising one or more stabilizing members connected to said flexible wire mesh, or one or more stabilizing members connected to overlapping sheets of flexible wire mesh.
14. The underground support system of claim 13 wherein the stabilizing members connected to said flexible wire mesh comprise bolts or hooks, and the stabilizing members connected to overlapping sheets of flexible wire mesh comprise tie rods.
15. The underground support system of claim 2 led in an underground excavation that is vertically or horizontally oriented.
16. The underground support system of claim 2 which is prefabricated and installed on site.
17. The underground support system of claim 2 comprising an ection of two or more underground reinforcement s.
18. The underground support system of claim 2 which is encapsulated with concrete or a cement material.
19. The underground support system of claim 1 wherein the moisture barrier system ses a plastic material, sealant, or foam.
20. The underground support system of claim 1 wherein the flexible wire mesh comprises a ity of sheets connected in an overlapping uration.
21. The underground support system of claim 1 wherein the flexible wire mesh is configured from a plurality of metal wires welded together.
22. The underground support system of claim 1 wherein the flexible wire mesh is ured from a plurality of metal wires woven together.
23. The underground support system of claim 1 wherein the flexible wire mesh is formed of a plurality of metal wires of a first gauge, a plurality of metal wires of a second gauge, or a combination thereof.
24. The underground support system of claim 1 wherein the flexible wire mesh is formed of a plurality of metal wires of a first sectional shape, a ity of metal wires of a second cross-sectional shape, or a ation thereof.
25. The underground support system of claim 1 wherein the flexible wire mesh permits positioning or bending of said sheets along the length and geometry of the underground space.
26. The underground support system of claim 1 n the flexible wire mesh has two or more raised corrugations per sheet.
27. The underground support system of claim 1 wherein the underground space comprises a tunnel, shaft, cavern or station.
28. The underground support system of claim 1 wherein the geometric supporting framework comprises a vertically or horizontally oriented, three dimensional geometric shape.
29. The round support system of claim 1 wherein the initial underground reinforcement system and the final underground reinforcement system further comprise rebar interconnecting with the flexible wire mesh.
30. The underground support system of claim 1 further comprising one or more stabilizing members connected to said le wire mesh, or one or more stabilizing s connected to overlapping sheets of flexible wire mesh.
31. The underground support system of claim 30 wherein the stabilizing members connected to said flexible wire mesh comprise bolts or hooks, and the stabilizing members connected to overlapping sheets of flexible wire mesh comprise tie rods.
32. The underground support system of claim 1 led in an underground excavation that is vertically or horizontally oriented.
33. The underground support system of claim 1 wherein at least one of the initial underground reinforcement system and the final underground reinforcement system is prefabricated and installed on site.
34. The round support system of claim 1 comprising an intersection of two or more underground reinforcement systems.
35. An underground support system comprising: an initial underground reinforcement system; wherein the initial underground reinforcement system is encapsulated with concrete or a cement material; a final underground reinforcement system; wherein the final underground rcement system is encapsulated with te or a cement al; and a moisture barrier system; wherein the moisture barrier system is positioned between the initial underground reinforcement system encapsulated with te or a cement material, and the final underground rcement system encapsulated with concrete or a cement material; wherein at least one of the initial underground reinforcement system and the final round reinforcement system comprises: a flexible wire mesh comprising a matrix of longitudinally and transversely extending metal wires; wherein the matrix of longitudinally and transversely ing metal wires comprises a ity of three ional sheets, each sheet having at least one raised corrugation, positioned along the length of an underground space; n the raised corrugation acts as template depth girders for application of te or cement material at a defined depth such that the underground reinforcement system is encapsulated with the concrete or cement material; and wherein said underground reinforcement system defines a geometric supporting framework.
36. An underground support system comprising: an initial underground reinforcement system; wherein the initial underground reinforcement system is encapsulated with te or a cement material; a final underground reinforcement ; wherein the final underground reinforcement system is encapsulated with concrete or a cement material; and a moisture barrier system; wherein the re barrier system is positioned between the initial underground rcement system encapsulated with concrete or a cement material, and the final underground reinforcement system encapsulated with concrete or a cement material; wherein the initial underground reinforcement system and the final underground reinforcement system comprise: a flexible wire mesh comprising a matrix of longitudinally and transversely ing metal wires; wherein the matrix of longitudinally and transversely extending metal wires comprises a plurality of three dimensional sheets, each sheet having at least one raised corrugation, positioned along the length of an underground space; wherein the raised corrugation acts as template depth girders for application of concrete or cement material at a defined depth such that the underground reinforcement system is encapsulated with the concrete or cement material; and wherein said underground reinforcement systems define a geometric supporting framework.
37. A method of supporting an underground space, said method sing: positioning an underground support system against an underground substrate; and maintaining the underground support system in contact with the underground ate; wherein the underground support system comprises: an initial underground reinforcement system; wherein the initial underground reinforcement system is encapsulated with concrete or a cement material; a final underground reinforcement system; wherein the final round reinforcement system is encapsulated with te or a cement material; and a moisture r system; wherein the moisture barrier system is positioned between the initial round reinforcement system ulated with concrete or a cement material, and the final underground rcement system encapsulated with te or a cement material; wherein the initial underground reinforcement system comprises: a flexible wire mesh comprising a matrix of longitudinally and transversely extending metal wires; wherein the matrix of longitudinally and transversely extending metal wires comprises a plurality of three dimensional sheets, each sheet having at least one raised corrugation, positioned along the length of an underground space; wherein the raised ation acts as template depth girders for application of concrete or cement material at a defined depth such that the underground rcement system is encapsulated with the concrete or cement material; and wherein said initial underground reinforcement system defines a geometric supporting framework; wherein the final underground reinforcement system comprises: a plurality of structural supports positioned at spaced intervals along the length of the underground; wherein the structural supports comprise lattice girders; wherein each structural support defines the geometric supporting framework.
38. A method of supporting an underground space according to claim 37, wherein the initial underground reinforcement system and/or the final round reinforcement system comprise: a flexible wire mesh comprising a matrix of longitudinally and transversely extending metal wires; wherein the matrix of longitudinally and transversely extending metal wires comprises a plurality of three dimensional sheets, each sheet having at least one raised ation, positioned along the length of an underground space; wherein the raised corrugation acts as template depth girders for ation of te or cement material at a defined depth such that the underground reinforcement system is encapsulated with the concrete or cement material; and wherein said underground reinforcement system defines a geometric supporting framework.
39. The method of claim 38 wherein the underground substrate comprises rock, soil, or an existing structure.
40. The method of claim 38 wherein the flexible wire mesh ses a plurality of sheets connected in an overlapping uration.
41. The method of claim 38 wherein the flexible wire mesh is configured from a plurality of metal wires welded together.
42. The method of claim 38 n the flexible wire mesh is configured from a plurality of metal wires woven together.
43. The method of claim 38 wherein the le wire mesh is formed of a plurality of metal wires of a first gauge, a plurality of metal wires of a second gauge, or a combination thereof.
44. The method of claim 38 wherein the flexible wire mesh is formed of a plurality of metal wires of a first cross-sectional shape, a plurality of metal wires of a second sectional shape, or a ation thereof.
45. The method of claim 38 wherein the flexible wire mesh permits positioning or bending of said sheets along the length and geometry of the underground.
46. The method of claim 38 wherein the flexible wire mesh has two or more raised corrugations per sheet.
47. The method of claim 38 wherein the underground space comprises a tunnel, shaft, cavern or station.
48. The method of claim 38 wherein the geometric supporting framework comprises a vertically or horizontally oriented, three dimensional geometric shape.
49. The method of claim 38 wherein the underground reinforcement system r comprises rebar interconnecting with the flexible wire mesh.
50. The method of claim 38 wherein the underground support system further comprises one or more stabilizing members connected to said flexible wire mesh, or one or more stabilizing members ted to pping sheets of flexible wire mesh.
51. The method of claim 50 wherein the stabilizing members connected to said le wire mesh comprise bolts or hooks, and the izing members connected to overlapping sheets of flexible wire mesh comprise tie rods.
52. The method of claim 38 n the underground support system is installed in an underground excavation that is vertically or horizontally oriented.
53. The method of claim 38 wherein the underground reinforcement system is prefabricated and installed on site.
54. The method of claim 38 wherein the underground support system comprises an intersection of two or more underground reinforcement systems.
55. The method of claim 37 wherein the substrate comprises rock, soil, or an existing structure.
56. The method of claim 37 n the moisture barrier system comprises a plastic material, t, or foam.
57. The method of claim 37 wherein the le wire mesh comprises a plurality of sheets connected in an overlapping configuration.
58. The method of claim 37 wherein the flexible wire mesh is configured from a plurality of metal wires welded together.
59. The method of claim 37 wherein the flexible wire mesh is configured from a plurality of metal wires woven together.
60. The method of claim 37 wherein the flexible wire mesh is formed of a plurality of metal wires of a first gauge, a plurality of metal wires of a second gauge, or a combination thereof.
61. The method of claim 37 n the flexible wire mesh is formed of a plurality of metal wires of a first cross-sectional shape, a plurality of metal wires of a second cross-sectional shape, or a combination thereof.
62. The method of claim 37 wherein the flexible wire mesh permits oning or bending of said sheets along the length and geometry of the round.
63. The method of claim 37 wherein the flexible wire mesh has two or more raised corrugations per sheet.
64. The method of claim 37 wherein the underground space comprises a tunnel, shaft, cavern or station.
65. The method of claim 37 wherein the geometric supporting framework comprises a vertically or horizontally oriented, three dimensional geometric shape.
66. The method of claim 37 wherein the initial underground reinforcement system and the final underground reinforcement system further comprise rebar interconnecting with the flexible wire mesh.
67. The method of claim 37 wherein the underground support system further comprises one or more stabilizing members ted to said flexible wire mesh, or one or more stabilizing members connected to adjacent sheets of flexible wire mesh.
68. The method of claim 67 wherein the stabilizing members connected to said flexible wire mesh se bolts or hooks, and the stabilizing members connected to nt sheets of le wire mesh comprise tie rods.
69. The method of claim 37 n the underground support system is led in an underground excavation that is vertically or horizontally oriented.
70. The method of claim 37 wherein at least one of the initial underground reinforcement system and the final underground rcement system is prefabricated and installed on site.
71. The method of claim 37 wherein the underground support system comprises an intersection of two or more underground reinforcement systems.
72. A method of supporting an underground space, said method comprising: oning an round support system against an underground substrate; and maintaining the underground support system in contact with the underground substrate; n the underground support system comprises: an initial underground rcement system; wherein the l underground reinforcement system is encapsulated with concrete or a cement material; a final underground reinforcement system; wherein the final underground reinforcement system is encapsulated with concrete or a cement material; and a moisture barrier system; wherein the moisture barrier system is oned between the initial underground reinforcement system encapsulated with concrete or a cement material, and the final underground reinforcement system encapsulated with te or a cement material; wherein at least one of the initial underground reinforcement system and the final underground rcement system comprises: a flexible wire mesh comprising a matrix of longitudinally and transversely extending metal wires; wherein the matrix of longitudinally and transversely extending metal wires comprises a plurality of three dimensional sheets, each sheet having at least one raised corrugation, positioned along the length of an underground space; wherein the raised corrugation acts as template depth s for application of concrete or cement material at a defined depth such that the underground reinforcement system is encapsulated with the te or cement material; and wherein said underground reinforcement system defines a ric supporting framework.
73. A method of supporting an underground space said method comprising: positioning an underground support system against an underground substrate; and maintaining the underground support system in contact with the underground substrate; wherein the underground support system ses: an initial underground reinforcement system; n the initial underground reinforcement system is encapsulated with concrete or a cement material; a final underground reinforcement ; wherein the final underground reinforcement system is encapsulated with concrete or a cement material; and a moisture barrier system; wherein the moisture barrier system is positioned between the initial underground reinforcement system encapsulated with concrete or a cement material, and the final underground reinforcement system ulated with concrete or a cement material; wherein the initial underground reinforcement system and the final underground reinforcement system comprise: a flexible wire mesh comprising a matrix of longitudinally and transversely extending metal wires; wherein the matrix of longitudinally and transversely extending metal wires comprises a ity of three dimensional sheets, each sheet having at least one raised corrugation, positioned along the length of an underground space; wherein the raised corrugation acts as template depth girders for application of concrete or cement material at a d depth such that the underground reinforcement system is encapsulated with the concrete or cement material; and wherein said underground reinforcement systems define a geometric supporting framework.
74. A method according to claim 37, wherein the initial underground reinforcement system and/or the final underground reinforcement system comprise: a flexible wire mesh comprising a matrix of longitudinally and transversely extending metal wires; wherein the matrix of udinally and transversely ing metal wires comprises a plurality of three dimensional sheets, each sheet having at least one raised corrugation, positioned along the length of an round space; n the raised corrugation acts as template depth girders for application of concrete or cement al at a defined depth such that the underground reinforcement systems are encapsulated with the te or cement al; and wherein said underground reinforcement systems define a geometric supporting framework.
75. The method of claim 74 n the flexible wire mesh comprises a plurality of sheets connected in an overlapping configuration.
76. The method of claim 74 wherein the flexible wire mesh is configured from a plurality of metal wires welded together.
77. The method of claim 74 wherein the flexible wire mesh is configured from a ity of metal wires woven together.
78. The method of claim 74 wherein the flexible wire mesh is formed of a plurality of metal wires of a first gauge, a plurality of metal wires of a second gauge, or a combination thereof.
79. The method of claim 74 wherein the flexible wire mesh is formed of a plurality of metal wires of a first cross-sectional shape, a plurality of metal wires of a second cross-sectional shape, or a combination thereof.
80. The method of claim 74 wherein the flexible wire mesh permits positioning or bending of said sheets along the length and geometry of the underground.
81. The method of claim 74 wherein the flexible wire mesh has two or more raised corrugations per sheet.
82. The method of claim 74 wherein the underground space ses a tunnel, shaft, cavern or station.
83. The method of claim 74 n the geometric supporting framework comprises a vertically or horizontally oriented, three dimensional geometric shape.
84. The method of claim 74 further comprising rebar interconnecting with the flexible wire mesh.
85. The method of claim 74 r comprising one or more stabilizing s connected to said flexible wire mesh, or one or more stabilizing members ted to adjacent sheets of flexible wire mesh.
86. The method of claim 85 n the stabilizing members connected to said flexible wire mesh comprise bolts or hooks, and the stabilizing members connected to adjacent sheets of flexible wire mesh comprise tie rods.
87. The method of claim 74 installed in an round excavation that is vertically or horizontally ed.
88. The method of claim 74 which is prefabricated and installed on site.
89. The method of claim 74 comprising an intersection of two or more underground reinforcement s.
90. The method of claim 74 encapsulated with concrete or a cement al.
91. An underground support system according to claim 1 substantially as herein described or exemplified with nce to the accompanying drawings.
92. An underground support system according to claim 35 substantially as herein described or exemplified with reference to the accompanying drawings.
93. An underground support system according to claim 36 substantially as herein described or exemplified with reference to the accompanying drawings.
94. A method according to claim 37 substantially as herein described or exemplified.
95. A method according to claim 72 substantially as herein described or exemplified.
96. A method according to claim 73 substantially as herein described or exemplified.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US201962823286P | 2019-03-25 | 2019-03-25 |
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|---|---|
| NZ752645A true NZ752645A (en) | 2022-05-27 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| NZ752645A NZ752645A (en) | 2019-03-25 | 2019-04-16 | Underground support system and method |
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| AU (1) | AU2019203100B2 (en) |
| CL (1) | CL2019001057A1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX2023010354A (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ752645A (en) |
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| CN113090272A (en) * | 2021-04-26 | 2021-07-09 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Deep shaft and partition supporting method thereof |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US5380123A (en) * | 1990-10-09 | 1995-01-10 | Gesertek Oy | Method for building a road bed and the use of the same |
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- 2019-04-17 CL CL2019001057A patent/CL2019001057A1/en unknown
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| AU2019203100B2 (en) | 2023-12-21 |
| CL2019001057A1 (en) | 2019-09-06 |
| AU2019203100A1 (en) | 2020-10-15 |
| MX2023010354A (en) | 2023-09-15 |
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