NZ752434B2 - Pharmaceutical composition - Google Patents
Pharmaceutical composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NZ752434B2 NZ752434B2 NZ752434A NZ75243417A NZ752434B2 NZ 752434 B2 NZ752434 B2 NZ 752434B2 NZ 752434 A NZ752434 A NZ 752434A NZ 75243417 A NZ75243417 A NZ 75243417A NZ 752434 B2 NZ752434 B2 NZ 752434B2
- Authority
- NZ
- New Zealand
- Prior art keywords
- pharmaceutical composition
- weight
- ppm
- hfa
- propellant
- Prior art date
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- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 200
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 101
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 229940079593 drugs Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- -1 beclomethasone compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- NPNPZTNLOVBDOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethane Chemical compound CC(F)F NPNPZTNLOVBDOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229940051271 1,1-difluoroethane Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 87
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 67
- 229940092703 Beclomethasone Dipropionate Drugs 0.000 claims description 66
- 229950000210 beclometasone dipropionate Drugs 0.000 claims description 66
- KUVIULQEHSCUHY-XYWKZLDCSA-N Beclometasone dipropionate Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@]2(Cl)[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@H](C)[C@@](C(=O)COC(=O)CC)(OC(=O)CC)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O KUVIULQEHSCUHY-XYWKZLDCSA-N 0.000 claims description 65
- 229940071648 Metered Dose Inhaler Drugs 0.000 claims description 42
- ZDUPYZMAPCZGJO-NSCGSSGESA-N (E)-but-2-enedioic acid;N-[2-hydroxy-5-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-2-[[(2R)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]amino]ethyl]phenyl]formamide Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O.C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C[C@@H](C)NC[C@H](O)C1=CC=C(O)C(NC=O)=C1 ZDUPYZMAPCZGJO-NSCGSSGESA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 229960003610 formoterol fumarate dihydrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 33
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FCC(F)(F)F LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003149 muscarinic antagonist Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- VPNYRYCIDCJBOM-UHFFFAOYSA-M Glycopyrronium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C1[N+](C)(C)CCC1OC(=O)C(O)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1CCCC1 VPNYRYCIDCJBOM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000004059 degradation Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229960002462 glycopyrronium bromide Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 208000006545 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 208000006673 Asthma Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940015042 Glycopyrrolate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 206010038683 Respiratory disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960001888 Ipratropium Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- RQTOOFIXOKYGAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nedocromil Chemical compound CCN1C(C(O)=O)=CC(=O)C2=C1C(CCC)=C1OC(C(O)=O)=CC(=O)C1=C2 RQTOOFIXOKYGAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DQHNAVOVODVIMG-UHFFFAOYSA-M Tiotropium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C1C(C2C3O2)[N+](C)(C)C3CC1OC(=O)C(O)(C=1SC=CC=1)C1=CC=CS1 DQHNAVOVODVIMG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- ASMXXROZKSBQIH-VITNCHFBSA-N aclidinium Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(CC1)CC2)OC(=O)C(O)(C=3SC=CC=3)C=3SC=CC=3)[N+]21CCCOC1=CC=CC=C1 ASMXXROZKSBQIH-VITNCHFBSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940019903 aclidinium Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960000265 cromoglicic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- VLARUOGDXDTHEH-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium cromoglycate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].O1C(C([O-])=O)=CC(=O)C2=C1C=CC=C2OCC(O)COC1=CC=CC2=C1C(=O)C=C(C([O-])=O)O2 VLARUOGDXDTHEH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- OEXHQOGQTVQTAT-JRNQLAHRSA-N ipratropium Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@H]2CC[C@@H](C1)[N@@+]2(C)C(C)C)C(=O)C(CO)C1=CC=CC=C1 OEXHQOGQTVQTAT-JRNQLAHRSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960004398 nedocromil Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940110309 tiotropium Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- FVTWTVQXNAJTQP-KRKINAOUSA-N umeclidinium Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C([C@@]12CC[N@@+](CCOCC=3C=CC=CC=3)(CC1)CC2)(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 FVTWTVQXNAJTQP-KRKINAOUSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960004258 umeclidinium Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- YFMFNYKEUDLDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)C(F)(F)F YFMFNYKEUDLDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005557 bromobutyl Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005556 chlorobutyl Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 claims 33
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 229940092705 Beclomethasone Drugs 0.000 abstract description 48
- NBMKJKDGKREAPL-DVTGEIKXSA-N beclomethasone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@]2(Cl)[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@H](C)[C@@](C(=O)CO)(O)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O NBMKJKDGKREAPL-DVTGEIKXSA-N 0.000 abstract description 24
- 239000000556 agonist Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 19
- BPZSYCZIITTYBL-YJYMSZOUSA-N Formoterol Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C[C@@H](C)NC[C@H](O)C1=CC=C(O)C(NC=O)=C1 BPZSYCZIITTYBL-YJYMSZOUSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229960002848 formoterol Drugs 0.000 description 9
- 230000003019 stabilising Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000004166 bioassay Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229940000425 combination drugs Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 235000019404 dichlorodifluoromethane Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003186 pharmaceutical solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007971 pharmaceutical suspension Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000002345 respiratory system Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)Cl PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004338 Dichlorodifluoromethane Substances 0.000 description 3
- CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichlorofluoromethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)(Cl)Cl CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940042935 dichlorodifluoromethane Drugs 0.000 description 3
- BDWFYHUDXIDTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol;propane-1,2,3-triol Chemical compound CCO.OCC(O)CO BDWFYHUDXIDTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 3
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940029284 trichlorofluoromethane Drugs 0.000 description 3
- CDOOAUSHHFGWSA-OWOJBTEDSA-N (E)-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound F\C=C\C(F)(F)F CDOOAUSHHFGWSA-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BPXZSHHCUKRDHD-HTLUESNNSA-N (E)-but-2-enedioic acid;N-[2-hydroxy-5-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-2-[[(2R)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]amino]ethyl]phenyl]formamide;hydrate Chemical compound O.OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O.C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C[C@@H](C)NC[C@H](O)C1=CC=C(O)C(NC=O)=C1.C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C[C@@H](C)NC[C@H](O)C1=CC=C(O)C(NC=O)=C1 BPXZSHHCUKRDHD-HTLUESNNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FXRLMCRCYDHQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene Chemical compound FC(=C)C(F)(F)F FXRLMCRCYDHQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 2qpq Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229940022663 Acetate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N HCl Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940001447 Lactate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-XIXRPRMCSA-N Mesotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-XIXRPRMCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzoate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229960000193 formoterol fumarate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lactate Chemical compound CC(O)C([O-])=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-L maleate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)\C=C/C([O-])=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-M methanesulfonate Chemical compound CS([O-])(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003334 potential Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory Effects 0.000 description 2
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M salicylate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940086735 succinate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L succinate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DDMOUSALMHHKOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)C(F)(F)Cl DDMOUSALMHHKOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FPBWSPZHCJXUBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-1-fluoroethene Chemical group FC(Cl)=C FPBWSPZHCJXUBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DCYGAPKNVCQNOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2,2,2-triphenylacetate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C(=O)[O-])C1=CC=CC=C1 DCYGAPKNVCQNOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PYHXGXCGESYPCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2,2-diphenylacetate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C(=O)[O-])C1=CC=CC=C1 PYHXGXCGESYPCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- IKCLCGXPQILATA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2-chlorobenzoate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1Cl IKCLCGXPQILATA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OCISOSJGBCQHHN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 4-carboxynaphthalen-2-olate Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(O)=CC(C([O-])=O)=C21 OCISOSJGBCQHHN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XRHGYUZYPHTUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 4-chlorobenzoate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 XRHGYUZYPHTUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 4-hydroxybenzoate Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940116904 ANTIINFLAMMATORY THERAPEUTIC RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940072107 Ascorbate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ANZXOIAKUNOVQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bambuterol Chemical compound CN(C)C(=O)OC1=CC(OC(=O)N(C)C)=CC(C(O)CNC(C)(C)C)=C1 ANZXOIAKUNOVQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010006334 Breathing abnormality Diseases 0.000 description 1
- POTBKLVBOJZRNG-UHFFFAOYSA-M C1=CC=C2C(O)(C([O-])=O)CC=CC2=C1 Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(O)(C([O-])=O)CC=CC2=C1 POTBKLVBOJZRNG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940001468 Citrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- STJMRWALKKWQGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Clenbuterol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)NCC(O)C1=CC(Cl)=C(N)C(Cl)=C1 STJMRWALKKWQGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940064701 Corticosteroid nasal preparations for topical use Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001334 Corticosteroids Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-M D-gluconate Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940087091 Dichlorotetrafluoroethane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RWRIWBAIICGTTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Difluoromethane Chemical compound FCF RWRIWBAIICGTTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QZZUEBNBZAPZLX-QFIPXVFZSA-N Indacaterol Chemical compound N1C(=O)C=CC2=C1C(O)=CC=C2[C@@H](O)CNC1CC(C=C(C(=C2)CC)CC)=C2C1 QZZUEBNBZAPZLX-QFIPXVFZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TYQCGQRIZGCHNB-JLAZNSOCSA-N L-ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(O)=C(O)C1=O TYQCGQRIZGCHNB-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000004072 Lung Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940074726 OPHTHALMOLOGIC ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENTS Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940049964 Oleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XCRBXWCUXJNEFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Peroxybenzoic acid Chemical compound OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XCRBXWCUXJNEFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- GIIZNNXWQWCKIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Serevent Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(CO)=CC(C(O)CNCCCCCCOCCCCC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 GIIZNNXWQWCKIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Trifluoroacetate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DAFYYTQWSAWIGS-DEOSSOPVSA-N Vilanterol Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(CO)=CC([C@@H](O)CNCCCCCCOCCOCC=2C(=CC=CC=2Cl)Cl)=C1 DAFYYTQWSAWIGS-DEOSSOPVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl fluoride Chemical compound FC=C XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000403 acute toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000240 adjuvant Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001668 ameliorated Effects 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002260 anti-inflammatory agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001692 arformoterol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003060 bambuterol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KUVIULQEHSCUHY-DDRZOEPZSA-N beclomethasone dipropionate Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@]2(Cl)C1C1C[C@H](C)[C@@](C(=O)COC(=O)CC)(OC(=O)CC)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O KUVIULQEHSCUHY-DDRZOEPZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzenesulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940077388 benzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000003842 bromide salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004067 bulking agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M butyrate Chemical compound CCCC([O-])=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000000747 cardiac effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 231100000160 chronic toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229960001117 clenbuterol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002648 combination therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004320 controlled atmosphere Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003246 corticosteroid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 description 1
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-L fumarate(2-) Chemical class [O-]C(=O)\C=C\C([O-])=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940050410 gluconate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-L glutarate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCCC([O-])=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940005644 glycopyrronium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008079 hexane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012456 homogeneous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960004078 indacaterol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M iodide Chemical compound [I-] XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940049920 malate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-L malate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C(O)CC([O-])=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M methanoate Chemical compound [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- TWETVNCREUJUBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanol;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.OC TWETVNCREUJUBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IZYBEMGNIUSSAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl benzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound COOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 IZYBEMGNIUSSAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-M oleate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960004286 olodaterol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- COUYJEVMBVSIHV-SFHVURJKSA-N olodaterol Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1CC(C)(C)NC[C@H](O)C1=CC(O)=CC2=C1OCC(=O)N2 COUYJEVMBVSIHV-SFHVURJKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002335 preservative Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960001860 salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004017 salmeterol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-M toluene-4-sulfonate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940083878 topical for treatment of hemorrhoids and anal fissures Corticosteroids Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002110 toxicologic Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000027 toxicology Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000004450 types of analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960004026 vilanterol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
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- A61K47/24—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, halogen, nitrogen or sulfur, e.g. cyclomethicone or phospholipids
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Abstract
pharmaceutical composition is described. The composition comprises:(i) a drug component comprising at least one beclomethasone compound selected from beclomethasone and the pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof and at least one long acting beta-2-agonist; and (ii) a propellant component comprising 1,1- difluoroethane (HFA-152a). comprising 1,1- difluoroethane (HFA-152a).
Description
PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION
The present invention relates to the delivery of drug formulations from a medical device, such
as a metered dose inhaler (MDI), using a propellant comprising 1,1-difluoroethane (HFA-
152a). More particularly, the present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions
comprising HFA-152a propellant and a drug formulation which is dissolved or suspended in
the propellant and to medical devices containing those compositions. The pharmaceutical
compositions of the invention are particularly suited for delivery from a pressurised aerosol
container using a metered dose inhaler (MDI).
MDIs are the most significant type of inhalation drug delivery system and are well known to
those skilled in the art. They are designed to deliver, on demand, a discrete and accurate
amount of a drug to the respiratory tract of a patient using a liquefied propellant in which the
drug is dissolved, suspended or dispersed. The design and operation of MDIs is described in
many standard textbooks and in the patent literature. They all comprise a pressurised
container that holds the drug formulation, a nozzle and a valve assembly that is capable of
dispensing a controlled quantity of the drug through the nozzle when it is activated. The
nozzle and valve assembly are typically located in a housing that is equipped with a mouth
piece. The drug formulation will comprise a propellant, in which the drug is dissolved,
suspended or dispersed, and may contain other materials such as polar excipients,
surfactants and preservatives.
In order for a propellant to function satisfactorily in MDIs, it needs to have a number of
properties. These include an appropriate boiling point and vapour pressure so that it can be
liquefied in a closed container at room temperature but develop a high enough pressure when
the MDI is activated to deliver the drug as an atomised formulation even at low ambient
temperatures. Further, the propellant should be of low acute and chronic toxicity and have a
high cardiac sensitisation threshold. It should have a high degree of chemical stability in
contact with the drug, the container and the metallic and non-metallic components of the MDI
device, and have a low propensity to extract low molecular weight substances from any
elastomeric materials in the MDI device. The propellant should also be capable of maintaining
the drug in a homogeneous solution, in a stable suspension or in a stable dispersion for a
sufficient time to permit reproducible delivery of the drug in use. When the drug is in
suspension in
the propellant, the density of the liquid propellant is desirably similar to that of the
solid drug in order to avoid rapid sinking or floating of the drug particles in the
liquid. Finally, the propellant should not present a significant flammability risk to
the patient in use. In particular, it should form a non-flammable or low
flammability mixture when mixed with air in the respiratory tract.
Dichlorodifluoromethane (R-12) possesses a suitable combination of properties
and was for many years the most widely used MDI propellant, often blended with
trichlorofluoromethane (R-11). Due to international concern that fully and partially
halogenated chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), such as dichlorodifluoromethane and
trichlorofluoromethane, were damaging the earth's protective ozone layer, many
countries entered into an agreement, the Montreal Protocol, stipulating that their
manufacture and use should be severely restricted and eventually phased out
completely. Dichlorodifluoromethane and trichlorofluoromethane were phased
out for refrigeration use in the 1990’s, but are still used in small quantities in the
MDI sector as a result of an essential use exemption in the Montreal Protocol.
1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFA-134a) was introduced as a replacement
refrigerant and MDI propellant for R-12. 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (HFA-
227ea) was also introduced as a replacement propellant for
dichlorotetrafluoroethane (R-114) in the MDI sector and is sometimes used alone
or blended with HFA-134a for this application.
Although HFA-134a and HFA-227ea have low ozone depletion potentials (ODPs),
they have global warming potentials (GWPs), 1430 and 3220 respectively, which
are now considered to be too high by some regulatory bodies, especially for
dispersive uses when they are released into the atmosphere.
One industrial area that has received particular attention recently has been the
automotive air-conditioning sector where the use of HFA-134a has come under
regulatory control as a result of the European Mobile Air Conditioning Directive
(2006/40/EC). Industry is developing a number of possible alternatives to HFA-
134a in automotive air conditioning and other applications that have a low
greenhouse warming potential (GWP) as well as a low ozone depletion potential
(ODP). Many of these alternatives include hydrofluoropropenes, especially the
tetrafluoropropenes, such as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf) and
1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234ze).
Although the proposed alternatives to HFA-134a have a low GWP, the
toxicological status of many of the components, such as certain of the
fluoropropenes, is unclear and they are unlikely to be acceptable for use in the
MDI sector for many years, if at all.
Beclomethasone and beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) are corticosteroids
that are used extensively as anti-inflammatory agents in the treatment of many
respiratory tract and related disorders, including particularly asthma and chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Both drugs are conveniently delivered
using a MDI. BDP has also found use in combination therapies with long acting,
betaagonists (LABAs), including formoterol and formoterol fumarate dihydrate
(FFD), in the treatment and control of asthma and COPD.
It is known that both BDP and FFD are relatively labile species that undergo
significant degradation when formulated for delivery using a MDI, often resulting
in a significant reduction in the storage life of formulated products. Whilst this
reduced stability can be partly ameliorated through refrigerated storage, this is
not always possible or convenient. Other approaches to improving the stability of
FFD/BDP MDI formulations include the incorporation of a mineral acid such as
HCl or an organic acid such as citric acid resulting in relatively acidic
formulations. However, such acidic formulations have the potential for
incompatibility with the materials of construction of a MDI device including the
potential to corrode the aluminium cans in which the formulations are typically
contained. Whilst this corrosion problem can be addressed through coating
aluminum cans with inert polymeric coatings or through the use of stainless steel
cans, both approaches add additional cost and/or complexity to the manufacture
of MDIs.
There is a need for a pharmaceutical composition comprising a beclomethasone
compound, such as beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP), and a long acting, beta-
2-agonist (LABAs), such as formoterol fumarate dihydrate, which can be
delivered using a MDI and that uses a propellant having a reduced GWP in
comparison with HFA-134a and HFA-227ea. There is also a need for a
pharmaceutical composition which exhibits satisfactory stability without the use of
acid stabilizers.
We have found that the issues associated with the use of beclomethasone-based
formulations in MDIs may be overcome by using a propellant that comprises 1,1-
difluoroethane (HFA-152a), particularly where the formulations contain low
amounts of water. These formulations can exhibit improved chemical stability,
improved aerosolisation performance for improved drug delivery, good
suspension stability, reduced GWP, good compatibility with standard uncoated
aluminium cans as well as good compatibility with standard valves and seals.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a
pharmaceutical composition, e.g. a pharmaceutical suspension or a
pharmaceutical solution, said composition comprising:
(i) a drug component comprising at least one beclomethasone compound
selected from beclomethasone and the pharmaceutically acceptable
derivatives thereof, particularly beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP), and
at least one long acting betaagonist, particularly formoterol fumarate
dihydrate;
(ii) a propellant component comprising 1,1-difluoroethane (HFA-152a).
The pharmaceutical composition of the first aspect of the invention typically
contains less than 500 ppm of water based on the total weight of the
pharmaceutical composition. The improved chemical stability is observed, in
particular, when the pharmaceutical composition contains less than 100 ppm,
preferably less than 50 ppm, more preferably less than 10 ppm and particularly
less than 5 ppm of water based on the total weight of the pharmaceutical
composition. In referring to the water content of the pharmaceutical composition,
we are referring to the content of free water in the composition and not any water
that happens to be present in any hydrated drug compounds that may be used as
part of the drug component. In an especially preferred embodiment, the
pharmaceutical composition is water-free. Alternatively, the pharmaceutical
composition of the first aspect may contain greater than 0.5 ppm of water, e.g.
greater than 1 ppm, but less than the amounts discussed above, as it can in
practice be difficult to remove all the water from the composition and then retain it
in such a water-free state.
Accordingly a preferred embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention
provides a pharmaceutical composition, e.g. a pharmaceutical suspension or a
pharmaceutical solution, said composition comprising:
(i) a drug component comprising at least one beclomethasone compound
selected from beclomethasone and the pharmaceutically acceptable
derivatives thereof, particularly beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP), and
at least one long acting betaagonist, particularly formoterol fumarate
dihydrate;
(ii) a propellant component comprising 1,1-difluoroethane (HFA-152a); and
(iii) glycerol,
wherein the composition contains less than 100 ppm, preferably less than
50 ppm, more preferably less than 10 ppm and especially less than 5 ppm of
water based on the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition.
In a preferred embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition of the first aspect of
the invention contains less than 1000 ppm, preferably less than 500 ppm, more
preferably less than 100 ppm and particularly less than 50 ppm of dissolved
oxygen based on the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition. In an
especially preferred embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition is oxygen-free.
Alternatively, the pharmaceutical composition of the first aspect may contain
greater than 0.5 ppm of oxygen, e.g. 1 ppm or greater, but less than the amounts
discussed above, as it can in practice be difficult to retain the composition in an
oxygen-free state. Low oxygen contents are preferred because they tend to
reduce the degradation of the drug compounds resulting in a composition with
higher chemical stability.
Accordingly a preferred embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention
provides a pharmaceutical composition, e.g. a pharmaceutical suspension or a
pharmaceutical solution, said composition comprising:
(i) a drug component comprising at least one beclomethasone compound
selected from beclomethasone and the pharmaceutically acceptable
derivatives thereof, particularly beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP), and
at least one long acting betaagonist, particularly formoterol fumarate
dihydrate;
(ii) a propellant component comprising 1,1-difluoroethane (HFA-152a); and
(iii) glycerol,
wherein the composition contains less than 1000 ppm, preferably less
than 500 ppm, more preferably less than 100 ppm and especially less than 50
ppm of oxygen based on the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition.
The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is suitable for delivery to
the respiratory tract using a metered dose inhaler (MDI).
The at least one beclomethasone compound and the at least one long acting
betaagonist in the pharmaceutical composition of the invention in all aspects
and embodiments disclosed herein are preferably in a micronized form. Further,
the pharmaceutical composition of the invention in all aspects and embodiments
disclosed herein is preferably free of perforated microstructures.
The pharmaceutical composition of the first aspect of the invention includes a
drug component comprising at least one beclomethasone compound selected
from beclomethasone and the pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof. A
particularly preferred beclomethasone compound is beclomethasone dipropionate
(BDP).
The drug component also includes at least one long acting betaagonist
(LABA). Any of the long acting betaagonists that have been in use hitherto for
treating asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and that can be
delivered using a MDI can be used in the pharmaceutical compositions of the
present invention. Suitable long acting betaagonists include formoterol,
arformoterol, bambuterol, clenbuterol, salmeterol, indacaterol, olodaterol and
vilanterol as well as their pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives, such as their
pharmaceutically acceptable salts.
Preferred long acting betaagonists are selected from formoterol, the
pharmaceutically acceptable salts of formoterol, the hydrates of formoterol and
the hydrates of pharmaceutically acceptable salts of formoterol. Suitable
pharmaceutically acceptable salts of formoterol include acid addition salts derived
from organic and inorganic acids, such as the hydrochloride, sulphate,
phosphate, maleate, fumarate, tartrate, citrate, benzoate, methoxybenzoate,
hydroxybenzoate, chlorobenzoate, p-toluenesulphonate, methanesulphonate,
ascorbate, salicylate, acetate, succinate, lactate, glutarate, gluconate and oleate.
The fumarate salt of formoterol is preferred and in a particularly preferred
embodiment the pharmaceutical composition of the invention includes formoterol
fumarate dihydrate. Especially preferred pharmaceutical compositions of the
invention are those in which the at least one long acting betaagonist consists
essentially of formoterol fumarate dihydrate. By the term “consists essentially of”,
we mean that at least 95 weight %, more preferably at least 98 weight % and
especially at least 99 weight % of the at least one long acting betaagonist is
formoterol fumarate dihydrate. Most preferred are pharmaceutical compositions in
which the at least one long acting betaagonist is entirely formoterol fumarate
dihydrate.
The at least one beclomethasone compound and/or the at least one long acting
betaagonist may be dispersed or suspended in the propellant. The drug
particles in such suspensions preferably have a diameter of less than 100
microns, e.g. less than 50 microns. However, in an alternative embodiment the
pharmaceutical compositions of the invention are solutions with the at least one
beclomethasone compound (BDP) and the at least one long acting betaagonist
dissolved in the propellant, e.g. with the assistance of a polar excipient, such as
ethanol.
The amount of the drug component in the pharmaceutical composition of the first
aspect of the present invention will typically be in the range of from 0.01 to 2.5
weight % based on the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition.
Preferably, the drug component will comprise from 0.01 to 2.0 weight %, more
preferably from 0.05 to 2.0 weight % and especially from 0.05 to 1.5 weight % of
the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition. The drug component may
consist essentially of or consist entirely of the at least one beclomethasone
compound, especially beclomethasone dipropionate, and the at least one long
acting betaagonist, especially formoterol fumarate dihydrate. By the term
“consists essentially of”, we mean that at least 98 weight %, more preferably at
least 99 weight % and especially at least 99.9 weight % of the drug component
consists of the at least one beclomethasone compound and the at least one long
acting betaagonist. Alternatively, the drug component may contain other drugs,
such as at least one long acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA).
In one preferred embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition and more
specifically the drug component thereof is free of pharmaceutically acceptable
salts of both cromoglycic acid and nedocromil.
The propellant component in the pharmaceutical composition of the first aspect of
the present invention comprises 1,1-difluoroethane (HFA-152a). Thus, we do not
exclude the possibility that the propellant component may include other propellant
compounds in addition to the HFA-152a. For example, the propellant component
may additionally comprise one or more additional hydrofluorocarbon or
hydrocarbon propellant compounds, e.g. selected from HFA-227ea, HFA-134a,
difluoromethane (HFA-32), propane, butane, isobutane and dimethyl ether. The
preferred additional propellants are HFA-227ea and HFA-134a.
If an additional propellant compound is included, such as HFA-134a or HFA-
227ea, at least 5 % by weight, preferably at least 10 % by weight and more
preferably at least 50 % by weight of the propellant component should be HFA-
152a. Typically, the HFA-152a will constitute at least 90 weight %, e.g. from 90 to
99 weight %, of the propellant component. Preferably, the HFA-152a will
constitute at least 95 weight %, e.g. from 95 to 99 weight %, and more preferably
at least 99 weight % of the propellant component.
In a preferred embodiment, the propellant component has a global warming
potential (GWP) of less than 250, more preferably less than 200 and still more
preferably less than 150.
In an especially preferred embodiment, the propellant component consists
entirely of HFA-152a so that the pharmaceutical composition of the invention
comprises HFA-152a as the sole propellant. By the term “consists entirely of” we
do not, of course, exclude the presence of minor amounts, e.g. up to a few
hundred parts per million, of impurities that may be present following the process
that is used to make the HFA-152a providing that they do not affect the suitability
of the propellant in medical applications. Preferably the HFA-152a propellant will
contain no more than 10 ppm, e.g. from 0.5 to 10 ppm, more preferably no more
than 5 ppm, e.g. from 1 to 5 ppm, of unsaturated impurities, such as vinyl fluoride,
vinyl chloride, vinylidene fluoride and chloro-fluoro ethylene compounds.
The amount of propellant component in the pharmaceutical composition of the
invention will vary depending on the amounts of the drugs and other components
in the pharmaceutical composition. Typically, the propellant component will
comprise from 80.0 to 99.99 weight % of the total weight of the pharmaceutical
composition. Preferably, the propellant component will comprise from 90.0 to
99.99 weight %, more preferably from 96.5 to 99.99 weight % and especially from
97.5 to 99.95 weight % of the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition.
The amount of glycerol in the pharmaceutical composition of the first aspect of
the present invention will typically be in the range of from 0.05 to 5.0 weight %
based on the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition. Preferably, the
glycerol will comprise from 0.1 to 3.0 weight %, more preferably from 0.1 to 2.5
weight % and especially from 0.5 to 2.5 weight % of the total weight of the
pharmaceutical composition. In a further embodiment, the composition may not
include glycerol.
In one embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition of the first aspect of the
present invention consists essentially of and more preferably consists entirely of
the three components (i) to (iii) listed above. By the term “consists essentially of”,
we mean that at least 98 weight %, more preferably at least 99 weight % and
especially at least 99.9 weight % of the pharmaceutical composition consists of
the three listed components.
In another embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition of the first aspect of the
present invention additionally includes a polar excipient, such as ethanol. Polar
excipients have been used previously in pharmaceutical compositions for treating
respiratory disorders that are delivered using metered dose inhalers (MDIs). They
are also referred to as solvents, co-solvents, carrier solvents and adjuvants. Their
inclusion can serve to solubilise the surfactant or the drug in the propellant and/or
inhibit deposition of drug particles on the surfaces of the metered dose inhaler
that are contacted by the pharmaceutical composition as it passes from the
container in which it is stored to the nozzle outlet. They are also used as bulking
agents in two-stage filling processes where the drug is mixed with a suitable polar
excipient. The most commonly used polar excipient is ethanol. If a polar excipient
is used, it will typically be present in an amount of from 0.5 to 15 % by weight,
preferably in an amount of from 0.5 to 10 % by weight, and more preferably in an
amount of from 1 to 5 % by weight based on the total weight of the
pharmaceutical composition.
Even those pharmaceutical compositions of the invention that contain further
components in addition to the defined drug component, the defined propellant
component and the glycerol, such as a polar excipient, should be surfactant-free.
Accordingly a preferred embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention
provides a pharmaceutical composition, e.g. a pharmaceutical suspension or a
pharmaceutical solution, said composition comprising:
(i) a drug component comprising at least one beclomethasone compound
selected from beclomethasone and the pharmaceutically acceptable
derivatives thereof, particularly beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP), and
at least one long acting betaagonist, particularly formoterol fumarate
dihydrate;
(ii) a propellant component comprising 1,1-difluoroethane (HFA-152a); and
(iii) glycerol,
wherein the composition is surfactant-free and preferably contains less
than 100 ppm, more preferably less than 50 ppm, particularly less than 10 ppm
and especially less than 5 ppm of water based on the total weight of the
pharmaceutical composition.
In a preferred embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition of the first aspect of
the present invention is free of acid stabilisers, such as organic and inorganic
acids.
The pharmaceutical composition of the invention may also include a long acting
muscarinic antagonist (LAMA). Any of the long acting muscarinic antagonists that
have been in use hitherto for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and
that can be delivered using a MDI can be used in the pharmaceutical
compositions of the present invention. Suitable long acting muscarinic
antagonists include umeclidinium, ipratropium, tiotropium, aclidinium and the
pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof, especially the pharmaceutically
acceptable salts thereof. Preferred compounds include the pharmaceutically
acceptable salts of glycopyrrolate (also known as glycopyrronium). Glycopyrrolate
is a quaternary ammonium salt. Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable counter
ions include, for example, fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide, nitrate, sulfate,
phosphate, formate, acetate, trifluoroacetate, propionate, butyrate, lactate, citrate,
tartrate, malate, maleate, succinate, benzoate, p-chlorobenzoate, diphenyl-
acetate or triphenylacetate, o-hydroxybenzoate, p-hydroxybenzoate, 1-
hydroxynaphthalenecarboxylate, 3-hydroxynaphthalenecarboxylate,
methanesulfonate and benzenesulfonate. A preferred compound is the bromide
salt of glycopyrrolate also known as glycopyrronium bromide.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a
pharmaceutical composition, e.g. a pharmaceutical suspension or a
pharmaceutical solution, said composition comprising:
(i) a drug component comprising at least one beclomethasone compound
selected from beclomethasone and the pharmaceutically acceptable
derivatives thereof, particularly beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP), at
least one long acting betaagonist, particularly formoterol fumarate
dihydrate, and at least one long acting muscarinic antagonist, particularly
at least one pharmaceutically acceptable salt of glycopyrrolate;
(ii) a propellant component comprising 1,1-difluoroethane (HFA-152a); and
(iii) glycerol.
The pharmaceutical composition of the second aspect of the invention typically
contains less than 500 ppm of water based on the total weight of the
pharmaceutical composition. Preferably, the pharmaceutical composition of the
second aspect of the present invention contains less than 100 ppm, more
preferably less than 50 ppm, particularly less than 10 ppm and especially less
than 5 ppm of water based on the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition.
It has been found that small amounts of water alongside the use of HFA-152a as
the propellant can result in a pharmaceutical composition with improved chemical
stability. In referring to the water content of the pharmaceutical composition, we
are referring to the content of free water in the composition and not any water that
happens to be present in any hydrated drug compounds that may be used as part
of the drug component. In an especially preferred embodiment, the
pharmaceutical composition of the second aspect of the present invention is
water-free. Alternatively, the pharmaceutical composition of the second aspect
may contain greater than 0.5 ppm of water, e.g. greater than 1 ppm, but less than
the amounts discussed above, as it can in practice be difficult to remove all the
water from the composition and then retain it in such a water-free state.
In a preferred embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition of the second aspect
of the invention contains less than 1000 ppm, preferably less than 500 ppm, more
preferably less than 100 ppm and particularly less than 50 ppm of dissolved
oxygen based on the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition. In an
especially preferred embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition is oxygen-free.
Alternatively, the pharmaceutical composition of the second aspect may contain
greater than 0.5 ppm of oxygen, e.g. 1 ppm or greater, but less than the amounts
discussed above, as it can in practice be difficult to retain the composition in an
oxygen-free state. Low oxygen contents are preferred because they tend to
reduce the degradation of the drug compounds resulting in a composition with
higher chemical stability.
Suitable and preferred long acting betaagonists are as discussed above for the
pharmaceutical composition of the first aspect of the present invention.
Typical and preferred amounts of the drug component and the propellant
component in the pharmaceutical composition of the second aspect of the
present invention and suitable, typical and preferred compositions for the
propellant component are as discussed above for the pharmaceutical
composition of the first aspect of the invention. The drug component may consist
essentially of or consist entirely of the at least one beclomethasone compound,
the at least one long acting betaagonist, and the at least one long acting
muscarinic antagonist. By the term “consists essentially of”, we mean that at least
98 weight %, more preferably at least 99 weight % and especially at least 99.9
weight % of the drug component consists of the at least one beclomethasone
compound, the at least one long acting betaagonist, and the at least one long
acting muscarinic antagonist.
In one embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition of the second aspect of the
present invention consists essentially of and more preferably consists entirely of
the three components (i) to (iii) listed above. By the term “consists essentially of”,
we mean that at least 98 weight %, more preferably at least 99 weight % and
especially at least 99.9 weight % of the pharmaceutical composition consists of
the three listed components.
In another embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition of the second aspect of
the invention may contain a polar excipient as discussed above for the
pharmaceutical composition of the first aspect of the invention. Suitable and
preferred polar excipients are as discussed above for the pharmaceutical
composition of the first aspect of the invention. Typical and preferred amounts of
the polar excipient are as discussed above for the pharmaceutical composition of
the first aspect of the invention.
In an especially preferred embodiment of the second aspect of the invention, the
drug component comprises beclomethasone dipropionate, formoterol fumarate
dihydrate and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable glycopyrrolate salt,
especially glycopyrronium bromide. Preferably, the beclomethasone dipropionate,
formoterol fumarate dihydrate and the at least one pharmaceutically acceptable
glycopyrrolate salt are the only pharmaceutical actives in the pharmaceutical
composition of the second aspect of the invention.
As with the pharmaceutical composition of the first aspect of the invention, the
pharmaceutical composition of the second aspect of the invention should be
surfactant–free. Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, the pharmaceutical
composition of the second aspect of the invention is free of acid stabilisers, such
as organic and inorganic acids.
It has been found that the use of propellants comprising 1,1-difluoroethane (HFA-
152a) in pharmaceutical compositions containing at least one beclomethasone
compound selected from beclomethasone and the pharmaceutically acceptable
derivatives thereof, glycerol, ethanol and the propellant can unexpectedly
improve the chemical stability of the beclomethasone compound compared to the
stability it exhibits in formulations containing either HFA-134a or HFA-227ea as
the propellant.
Accordingly, in a third aspect of the present invention there is provided a method
of improving the stability of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a propellant
component, a drug component comprising at least one beclomethasone
compound selected from beclomethasone and the pharmaceutically acceptable
derivatives thereof, particularly beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP), glycerol and
ethanol, said method comprising using a propellant component comprising 1,1-
difluoroethane (HFA-152a).
The at least one beclomethasone compound may be dissolved or suspended in
the pharmaceutical composition.
The improved chemical stability can result, in particular, when the pharmaceutical
composition contains less than 500 ppm, preferably less than 100 ppm, more
preferably less than 50 ppm, still more preferably less than 10 ppm and
particularly less than 5 ppm of water based on the total weight of the
pharmaceutical composition. In referring to the water content of the
pharmaceutical composition, we are referring to the content of free water in the
composition and not any water that happens to be present in any hydrated drug
compounds that may be used as part of the drug component. In an especially
preferred embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition is water-free.
Alternatively, the pharmaceutical composition recited in the third aspect of the
present invention may contain greater than 0.5 ppm of water, e.g. greater than 1
ppm, but less than the amounts discussed above, as it can in practice be difficult
to remove all the water from the composition and then retain it in such a water-
free state.
Accordingly, in a preferred embodiment of the third aspect of the present
invention there is provided a method of improving the stability of a pharmaceutical
composition comprising a propellant component, a drug component comprising at
least one beclomethasone compound selected from beclomethasone and the
pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof, particularly beclomethasone
dipropionate (BDP), glycerol and ethanol, said method comprising using a
propellant component comprising 1,1-difluoroethane (HFA-152a) and selecting
the components and conditions for the preparation of the pharmaceutical
composition to maintain the water content of the pharmaceutical composition
below 100 ppm, preferably below 50 ppm, more preferably below 10 ppm and
particularly below 5 ppm based on the total weight of the pharmaceutical
composition.
In practice, preparing a pharmaceutical composition with the low water levels
recited above involves using a propellant component with a suitably low water
content, as it is usually the largest mass item in the finished device, and then
preparing the pharmaceutical composition under suitably dry conditions, e.g. in a
dry nitrogen atmosphere. Preparing pharmaceutical compositions under dry
conditions is well known and the techniques involved are well understood by
those skilled in the art. Other steps to obtain a low water content in the finished
device include drying and storing the can and valve components in a moisture-
controlled atmosphere, e.g. dry nitrogen or air, prior to and during device
assembly. If the pharmaceutical composition contains a significant amount of
ethanol, then it may also be important to control the water content of the ethanol
as well as the propellant, e.g. by drying to reduce the water content to suitably
low levels. Suitable drying techniques are well known to those skilled in the art
and include the use of a molecular sieve or other inorganic desiccant and
membrane drying processes.
In the stabilisation method of the third aspect of the present invention suitable
and preferred beclomethasone compounds are as described above for the
pharmaceutical composition of the first aspect of the present invention. In
addition, typical and preferred amounts of the drug component, the propellant
component, the glycerol and the ethanol in the stabilisation method of the third
aspect of the present invention and suitable, typical and preferred compositions
for the propellant component are as discussed above for the pharmaceutical
composition of the first aspect of the invention.
The drug component in the stabilisation method of the third aspect of the present
invention may consist essentially of or consist entirely of the at least one
beclomethasone compound. By the term “consists essentially of”, we mean that
at least 98 weight %, more preferably at least 99 weight % and especially at least
99.9 weight % of the drug component consists of the least one beclomethasone
compound. Alternatively, the drug component may additionally comprise at least
one long acting betaagonist or at least one long acting betaagonist together
with at least one long acting muscarinic antagonist as discussed for the
pharmaceutical compositions of the first and second aspects of the present
invention. When a long acting betaagonist either alone or together with a long
acting muscarinic antagonist is included, suitable and preferred long acting beta-
2-agonists and suitable and preferred long acting muscarinic antagonists are as
described above for the pharmaceutical compositions of the first and second
aspects of the present invention.
In one embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition in the stabilisation method of
the third aspect of the present invention consists essentially of and more
preferably consists entirely of the drug component, the propellant component, the
glycerol and the ethanol as defined above. By the term “consists essentially of”,
we mean that at least 98 weight %, more preferably at least 99 weight % and
especially at least 99.9 weight % of the pharmaceutical composition consists of
the four components.
In a preferred embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition that is provided in
the stabilisation method of the third aspect of the present invention is free of
surfactants. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the pharmaceutical
composition that is provided in the stabilisation method of the third aspect of the
present invention is free of acid stabilisers, such as organic and inorganic acids.
In one preferred stabilisation method of the third aspect of the present invention,
a pharmaceutical composition containing up to 15 weight % of ethanol based on
the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition will produce less than 2.0 %
by weight, preferably less than 1.5 % by weight and more preferably less than 1.0
% by weight of impurities from the degradation of the at least one
beclomethasone compound based on the total weight of the at least one
beclomethasone compound and the impurities after storage at 40°C and 75 %
relative humidity for 1 month.
In another preferred stabilisation method of the third aspect of the present
invention, a pharmaceutical composition containing up to 15 weight % of ethanol
based on the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition will produce less
than 2.5 % by weight, preferably less than 2.0 % by weight and more preferably
less than 1.5 % by weight of impurities from the degradation of the at least one
beclomethasone compound based on the total weight of the at least one
beclomethasone compound and the impurities after storage at 40°C and 75 %
relative humidity for 3 months.
One preferred pharmaceutical composition of the first and second aspects of the
present invention containing up to 15 weight % of ethanol based on the total
weight of the pharmaceutical composition will produce less than 2.0 % by weight,
preferably less than 1.5 % by weight and more preferably less than 1.0 % by
weight of total impurities from the degradation of the at least one beclomethasone
compound after storage at 40°C and 75 % relative humidity for 1 month.
Another preferred pharmaceutical composition of the first and second aspects of
the present invention containing up to 15 weight % of ethanol based on the total
weight of the pharmaceutical composition will produce less than 2.5 % by weight,
preferably less than 2.0 % by weight and more preferably less than 1.5 % by
weight of total impurities from the degradation of the at least one beclomethasone
compound after storage at 40°C and 75 % relative humidity for 3 months.
The weight % of impurities indicated above are based on the total weight of the at
least one beclomethasone compound and the impurities.
In referring to the storage of the pharmaceutical compositions in the above
described stabilisation methods, we are referring, in particular, to the storage of
those compositions in uncoated aluminium containers. Similarly, in referring to
the storage of the above described pharmaceutical compositions, we are
referring, in particular, to their storage in uncoated aluminium containers.
The pharmaceutical compositions of the invention find particular utility in the
delivery of the drug component from a pressurised aerosol container, e.g. using a
metered dose inhaler (MDI). For this application, the pharmaceutical
compositions are contained in the pressurised aerosol container and the HFA-
152a propellant functions to deliver the drug component as a fine aerosol spray.
The pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may comprise one or more
other additives of the type that are conventionally used in drug formulations for
pressurised MDIs, such as valve lubricants. Where other additives are included in
the pharmaceutical compositions, they are normally used in amounts that are
conventional in the art.
The pharmaceutical compositions of the invention are normally stored in a
pressurised container or canister which is to be used in association with a
medication delivery device. When so stored, the pharmaceutical compositions are
normally a liquid. In a preferred embodiment, the pressurised container is
designed for use in a metered dose inhaler (MDI). In a particularly preferred
embodiment, the pressurised container is a coated aluminium can or an uncoated
aluminium can, especially the latter.
Accordingly, a fourth aspect of the present invention provides a pressurised
container holding the pharmaceutical composition of the first or second aspect of
the present invention. In a fifth aspect, the present invention provides a
medication delivery device, especially a metered dose inhaler, having a
pressurised container holding the pharmaceutical composition of the first or
second aspect of the present invention.
The metered dose inhaler typically comprises a nozzle and valve assembly that is
crimped to a container holding the pharmaceutical composition to be dispensed.
An elastomeric gasket is used to provide a seal between the container and the
nozzle/valve assembly. Preferred elastomeric gasket materials are EPDM,
chlorobutyl, bromobutyl and cycloolefin copolymer rubbers as these can exhibit
good compatibility with HFA-152a and also provide a good barrier to prevent or
limit HFA-152a permeating from the container.
The pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention are for use in medicine
for treating a patient suffering or likely to suffer from a respiratory disorder and
especially asthma or a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Accordingly, the present invention also provides a method for treating a patient
suffering or likely to suffer from a respiratory disorder, especially asthma or a
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which comprises administering to the
patient a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of a pharmaceutical
composition as discussed above. The pharmaceutical composition is preferably
delivered to the patient using a MDI.
The pharmaceutical compositions of the invention can be prepared and the MDI
devices filled using techniques that are standard in the art, such as pressure
filling and cold filling. For example, the pharmaceutical compositions can be
prepared by a simple blending operation in which the at least one
beclomethasone compound, the at least one long acting beta-2 agonist, the
glycerol, optionally the at least one long acting muscarinic antagonist, optionally
the polar excipient, and the HFA-152a-containing propellant are mixed together in
the required proportions in a suitable mixing vessel. Mixing can be promoted by
stirring as is common in the art. Conveniently, the HFA-152a-containing
propellant is liquefied to aid mixing. If the pharmaceutical composition is made in
a separate mixing vessel, it can then be transferred to pressurised containers for
storage, such as pressurised containers that are used as part of medication
delivery devices and especially MDIs.
The pharmaceutical compositions of the invention can also be prepared within the
confines of a pressurised container, such as an aerosol canister or vial, from
which the compositions are ultimately released as an aerosol spray using a
medication delivery device, such as a MDI. In this method, a weighed amount of
the at least one beclomethasone compound, the at least one long acting beta-2
agonist, the glycerol, optionally the at least one long acting muscarinic antagonist
and optionally the polar excipient are introduced into the open container. A valve
is then crimped onto the container and the HFA-152a-containing propellant
component, in liquid form, introduced through the valve into the container under
pressure, optionally after first evacuating the container through the valve. Other
components, if included, can be mixed with the drug component or, alternatively,
introduced into the container after the valve has been fitted, either alone or as a
premix with the propellant component. The whole mixture can then be treated to
disperse the drugs in the propellant component, e.g. by vigorous shaking or using
an ultrasonic bath. Suitable containers may be made of plastics, metal, e.g.
aluminium, or glass. Preferred containers are made of metal, especially
aluminium which may be coated or uncoated. Uncoated aluminium containers are
especially preferred.
The container may be filled with enough of the pharmaceutical composition to
provide for a plurality of dosages. The pressurized aerosol canisters that are used
in MDIs typically contain 50 to 150 individual dosages.
The present invention also provides a method of reducing the global warming
potential (GWP) of a pharmaceutical composition comprising: (i) a drug
component comprising at least one beclomethasone compound selected from
beclomethasone and the pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof,
particularly beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP), and at least one long acting
betaagonist, particularly formoterol fumarate dihydrate; (ii) a propellant
component; and (iii) glycerol, said method comprising using a propellant
component comprising 1,1-difluoroethane (HFA-152a). This method is applicable
to the preparation of all the pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein in all
their aspects and embodiments.
Preferably, at least 90 weight %, more preferably at least 95 weight % and still
more preferably at least 99 weight % of the propellant component used is HFA-
152a. In an especially preferred embodiment, the propellant component used is
entirely HFA-152a.
The propellant component that is used will preferably have a global warming
potential (GWP) of less than 250, more preferably less than 200 and still more
preferably less than 150.
The present invention is now illustrated but not limited by the following examples.
Example 1
A number of experiments were conducted to investigate the in vitro aerosolization
performance of combination drug formulations of beclomethasone dipropionate
and formoterol fumarate dihydrate delivered from a metered dose inhaler (MDI)
using either HFA-134a or HFA-152a as the propellant.
Pharmaceutical formulations of beclomethasone dipropionate and formoterol
fumarate dihydrate were prepared in either HFA-134a or HFA-152a (Mexichem,
UK). The drugs were weighed directly into standard uncoated 14 ml aluminium
canisters (C128, Presspart, Blackburn, UK) and 10 weight % of anhydrous
ethanol (based on the total weight of the formulation) was then added to fully
solubilise the drugs. The canisters were then crimped with a 50 L valve (Bespak,
Kings Lynn, UK) following which the propellant was filled into the canisters
through the valve using a manual Pamasol crimper/filler (Pamasol, Switzerland).
The nominal dose of beclomethasone dipropionate was 250 g and the nominal
dose of formoterol fumarate dihydrate was 6 g.
The in vitro aerosolization performance of the formulations following storage at
ambient conditions for 1 month was studied using a Next Generation Impactor
(NGI, Copley Scientific, Nottingham UK) connected to a vacuum pump (GE
Motors, NJ, USA). Prior to testing, the cups of the NGI system were coated with 1
% v/v silicone oil in hexane to eliminate particle bounce. For each experiment,
three actuations of the valve were discharged into the NGI at 30 L.min as per
pharmacopeia guidelines. Following aerosolization, the NGI apparatus was
dismantled and the actuator and each part of the NGI was washed down into
known volumes of the HPLC mobile phase (see below). The mass of drug
deposited on each part of the NGI was determined by HPLC (see below). This
protocol was repeated three times for each canister, following which, the fine
particle dose (FPD) and fine particle fraction of the emitted dose (FPF ) were
determined.
High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine drug
content following the aerosolization studies. A 50 mm x 3 mm Accucore C
column with a 2.6 μm particle size was used for the analysis. The column was
coupled to a UV detector operating at wavelengths of 212 nm and 240 nm
depending on which drug was being analyzed. The autosampler was operated at
ambient temperature and 100 μl samples were injected into the column for the
analyses. The chromatographic conditions are shown in Table 1 below.
Table 1
Pump UV Column
Mobile Phase
Drug Flow Rate Wavelength Temperature
(gradient elution)
(ml.min ) (nm) (°C)
Mobile Phase A: 10
mM Ammonium
Dihydrogen
Beclomethasone
Orthophosphate at
Dipropionate and
pH 3.0
Formoterol 1.0 212 and 240 40
Fumarate
Mobile Phase B:
Dihydrate
Methanol and
Acetonitrile
(45:55 v/v)
The composition of the mobile phase was varied as shown in Table 2 below.
Table 2
Percentage of Percentage of
Time
Mobile Phase Mobile Phase
(mins)
A (v/v) B (v/v)
0 90 10
2.4 0 100
2.7 0 100
2.8 90 10
4.0 90 10
The results are shown in Tables 3 and 4 below.
Table 3. In vitro aerosolization performance of combination drug formulations of
beclomethasone dipropionate and formoterol fumarate dihydrate in HFA-134a and
ethanol as characterised by the fine particle dose, fine particle fraction of the
emitted dose (FPF (%)), mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) and
geometric standard deviation (GSD).
Beclomethasone Formoterol Fumarate
Dipropionate Dihydrate
Fine Particle Dose
98.92 3.67
(μg)
FPF % 63.16 66.35
MMAD ± GSD(μm) 1.41 ± 1.95 1.36 ± 2.00
Table 4. In vitro aerosolization performance of combination drug formulations of
beclomethasone dipropionate and formoterol fumarate dihydrate in HFA-152a and
ethanol as characterised by the fine particle dose, fine particle fraction of the
emitted dose (FPF (%)), mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) and
geometric standard deviation (GSD).
Beclomethasone Formoterol Fumarate
Dipropionate Dihydrate
Fine Particle Dose
105.11 3.57
(μg)
FPF % 55.67 60.01
MMAD ± GSD(μm) 1.57 ± 1.98 1.51 ± 2.08
Example 2
A number of experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of glycerol on
the in vitro aerosolization performance of drug formulations of beclomethasone
dipropionate delivered from a metered dose inhaler (MDI) using HFA-152a as the
propellant. The aerosolization performance of the combination drug formulations
was investigated after initial preparation and after storing under stress storage
conditions.
Pharmaceutical formulations of beclomethasone dipropionate were prepared in
HFA-152a (Mexichem, UK). The drugs were weighed directly into standard
uncoated 14 ml aluminium canisters (C128, Presspart, Blackburn, UK).
Anhydrous ethanol in an amount of 5, 10 or 15 weight % based on the total
weight of the formulation and glycerol in an amount of 0, 1 or 2 weight %, again
based on the total weight of the formulation, were then added to the canisters.
The canisters were subsequently crimped with a 50 L valve (Bespak, Kings
Lynn, UK) following which the propellant was filled into the canisters through the
valve using a manual Pamasol crimper/filler (Pamasol, Switzerland). The nominal
dose of beclomethasone dipropionate was 250 g.
The in vitro aerosolization performance of the formulations was tested
immediately after preparation with a Next Generation Impactor using the method
described in Example 1 above. The results are shown in Table 5 below.
Table 5. In vitro aerosolization performance of formulations of beclomethasone
dipropionate in HFA-152a with varying amounts of ethanol and glycerol as
characterised by the fine particle dose (FPM), fine particle fraction of the emitted
dose (FPF (%)), mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) and geometric
standard deviation (GSD).
Wt. % Wt. % M M A D ( μ m) ± G S D FP M ( μ g) FPF (%)
Ethanol Glycerol
0 1.27 ± 1.80 114.36 65.17
1 1.55 ± 1.93 123.94 67.97
2 1.62 ± 2.06 120.25 65.69
0 1.33 ± 1.84 117.15 59.47
1 2.09 ± 1.92 116.83 58.64
2 2.19 ± 2.12 104.23 55.76
0 1.42 ± 2.02 102.86 50.99
1 2.29 ± 2.06 96.11 48.85
2 2.59 ± 2.12 83.04 43.57
Addition of glycerol acts to increase the MMAD of the formulation thus allowing
the deposition of the drug in the various portions of the lung to be optimised.
Example 3
The stability of combination drug formulations of beclomethasone dipropionate
and formoterol fumarate dihydrate in HFA-134a and HFA-152a propellant was
investigated at time zero (T=0) and after storage, valve down, for 1 month (T=1M)
and 3 months (T=3M) at 40°C and 75% relative humidity (RH) and at 25°C and
60% relative humidity (RH) in uncoated aluminium cans.
The drug formulations were prepared as described in Example 1 above and
analysed using the HPLC technique described in Example 1 above.
The results of investigating the chemical stability of the combination drug
formulations of beclomethasone dipropionate and formoterol fumarate dihydrate
in HFA-152a and HFA-134a in uncoated aluminium cans are shown, respectively,
in Tables 6 to 9 below.
Table 6. Chemical stability of beclomethasone dipropionate in HFA-134a and 10
weight % ethanol in uncoated aluminium cans based on percentage assay and total
impurities at T = 0, after storage for 1 month (T = 1M) @ 40°C/75 % RH and 25°C/60
% RH and after storage for 3 months (T = 3M) @ 40°C/75 % RH and 25°C/60 % RH.
Time % Assay (LC) % total impurities
Initial time T = 0 98.9 0.16
T = 1M @ 25/60 98.5 0.22
T = 1M @ 40/75 98.2 0.38
T = 3M @ 25/60 98.1 0.41
T = 3M @ 40/75 97.2 0.82
Table 7. Chemical stability of beclomethasone dipropionate in HFA-152a and 10
weight % ethanol in uncoated aluminium cans based on percentage assay and total
impurities at T = 0, after storage for 1 month (T = 1M) @ 40°C/75 % RH and 25°C/60
% RH and after storage for 3 months (T = 3M) @ 40°C/75 % RH and 25°C/60 % RH.
Time % Assay (LC) % total impurities
Initial time T = 0 99.9 <LoQ
T = 1M @ 25/60 99.5 0.09
T = 1M @ 40/75 99.8 0.08
T = 3M @ 25/60 99.5 0.08
T = 3M @ 40/75 98.9 0.12
Table 8. Chemical stability of formoterol fumarate dihydrate in HFA-134a and 10
weight % ethanol in uncoated aluminium cans based on percentage assay and total
impurities at T = 0, after storage for 1 month (T = 1M) @ 40°C/75 % RH and 25°C/60
% RH and after storage for 3 months (T = 3M) @ 40°C/75 % RH and 25°C/60 % RH.
Time % Assay (LC) % total impurities
Initial time T = 0 99.9 0.07
T = 1M @ 25/60 99.7 0.08
T = 1M @ 40/75 99.2 0.11
T = 3M @ 25/60 98.5 0.18
T = 3M @ 40/75 97.9 0.23
Table 9. Chemical stability of formoterol fumarate dihydrate in HFA-152a and 10
weight % ethanol in uncoated aluminium cans based on percentage assay and total
impurities at T = 0, after storage for 1 month (T = 1M) @ 40°C/75 % RH and 25°C/60
% RH and after storage for 3 months (T = 3M) @ 40°C/75 % RH and 25°C/60 % RH.
Time % Assay (LC) % total impurities
Initial time T = 0 99.9 0.05
T = 1M @ 25/60 99.9 0.07
T = 1M @ 40/75 99.5 0.09
T = 3M @ 25/60 99.6 0.09
T = 3M @ 40/75 99.1 0.11
It can be seen from the data in Tables 6 to 9 above that pharmaceutical
formulations of beclomethasone dipropionate and formoterol fumarate dihydrate
exhibit superior chemical stability when blended together with HFA-152a as the
aerosolization propellant rather than HFA-134a.
The results also suggest that coated or stainless steel cans are not necessary
with HFA-152a based formulations in order for the formulations to demonstrate
acceptable chemical stability. Similarly, adequate stability can be attained
without the addition of mineral or organic acid to the HFA-152a formulations.
Example 4
A number of experiments were conducted to investigate the stability of
beclomethasone dipropionate in HFA-134a and HFA-152a.
Pharmaceutical formulations of beclomethasone dipropionate were prepared in
either HFA-134a or HFA-152a (Mexichem, UK). The drugs were weighed directly
into standard uncoated 14 ml aluminium canisters (C128, Presspart, Blackburn,
UK). Anhydrous ethanol in an amount of 5, 10 or 15 weight % based on the total
weight of the formulation and glycerol in an amount of 0, 1 or 2 weight %, again
based on the total weight of the formulation, were then added to the canisters.
The canisters were subsequently crimped with a 50 L valve (Bespak, Kings
Lynn, UK) following which the propellant was filled into the canisters through the
valve using a manual Pamasol crimper/filler (Pamasol, Switzerland). The nominal
dose of beclomethasone dipropionate was 250 g.
The stability of the various beclomethasone dipropionate drug formulations was
investigated at time zero (T=0) and after storage, valve down, for 1 month (T=1M)
and 3 months (T=3M) at 40°C and 75% relative humidity (RH) in uncoated
aluminium cans.
The results of investigating the chemical stability of the beclomethasone
dipropionate formulations in HFA-152a and HFA-134a in uncoated aluminium
cans are shown, respectively, in Tables 10 and 11 below.
Table 10. Chemical stability of beclomethasone dipropionate in HFA-134a
propellant with varying amounts of ethanol and glycerol in uncoated aluminium
cans based on total impurities at T = 0 and upon storage for 1 month (T = 1M) @
40°C/75 % RH and for 3 months (T = 3M) @ 40°C/75 % RH.
Wt. % Wt. % % Total % Total Imps T=1M @ % Total Imps T=3M
Ethanol Glycerol Imps T=0 40°C/75 % RH @ 40°C/75 % RH
0 0.89 1.58 2.08
1 0.34 1.91 2.14
2 0.55 0.78 1.18
0 1.16 1.82 2.21
1 1.34 2.25 2.49
2 1.49 1.97 2.35
0 1.08 2.35 4.21
1 2.88 3.15 3.99
2 2.95 4.22 4.89
Table 11. Chemical stability of beclomethasone dipropionate in HFA-152a
propellant with varying amounts of ethanol and glycerol in uncoated aluminium
cans based on total impurities at T = 0 and upon storage for 1 month (T = 1M) @
40°C/75 % RH and for 3 months (T = 3M) @ 40°C/75 % RH.
Wt. % Wt. % % Total % Total Imps T=1M @ % Total Imps T=3M
Ethanol Glycerol Imps T=0 40°C/75 % RH @ 40°C/75 % RH
0 0.08 0.16 0.35
1 0.11 0.15 0.28
2 0.09 0.21 0.34
0 0.21 0.35 0.42
1 0.34 0.36 0.55
2 0.23 0.29 0.31
0 0.56 0.89 1.11
1 0.66 0.79 1.56
2 0.72 0.89 1.48
It is clear from the data in Tables 10 and 11 above that the stability of
beclomethasone dipropionate is significantly higher at all investigated levels of
ethanol and glycerol when HFA-152a is used as the propellant rather than HFA-
134a.
Where any or all of the terms "comprise", "comprises", "comprised" or
"comprising" are used in this specification (including the claims), they are to be
interpreted as specifying the presence of the stated features, integers, steps or
components, but not precluding the presence of one or more other features,
integers, steps or components.
A reference herein to a patent document or any other matter identified as prior
art, is not to be taken as an admission that the document or other matter was
known or that the information it contains was part of the common general
knowledge as at the priority date of any of the claims.
Claims (65)
1. A pharmaceutical composition comprising: (i) a drug component comprising beclomethasone dipropionate and formoterol fumarate dihydrate; (ii) a propellant component at least 90 weight % of which is 1,1-difluoroethane (HFA-152a); (iii) ethanol, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is a solution.
2. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the composition contains less than 500 ppm, preferably less than 100 ppm, more preferably less than 50 ppm, still more preferably less than 10 ppm and especially less than 5 ppm of water based on the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition.
3. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 2, wherein the composition contains greater than 0.5 ppm, e.g. greater than 1 ppm, of water based on the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition.
4. The pharmaceutical composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition contains less than 1000 ppm, preferably less than 500 ppm, more preferably less than 100 ppm and particularly less than 50 ppm of oxygen based on the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition.
5. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 4, wherein the composition contains greater than 0.5 ppm, e.g. greater than 1 ppm, of oxygen based on the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition.
6. The pharmaceutical composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the beclomethasone dipropionate and formoterol fumarate dihydrate are each in a micronized form.
7. The pharmaceutical composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the drug component additionally comprises at least one long acting muscarinic antagonist.
8. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 7, wherein the at least one long acting muscarinic antagonist is selected from the group consisting of umeclidinium, ipratropium, tiotropium, aclidinium and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
9. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 7 or 8, wherein the at least one long acting muscarinic antagonist is in a micronized form.
10. The pharmaceutical composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the drug component comprises from 0.01 to 2.5 weight %, preferably from 0.01 to 2.0 weight %, more preferably from 0.05 to 2.0 weight % and especially from 0.05 to 1.5 weight % of the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition.
11. The pharmaceutical composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the propellant component comprises from 80.0 to 99.99 weight %, preferably from 90.0 to 99.99 weight %, more preferably from 96.5 to 99.99 weight % and especially from 97.5 to 99.95 weight % of the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition.
12. The pharmaceutical composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least 95 weight % and preferably at least 99 weight % of the propellant component is 1,1- difluoroethane (HFA-152a).
13. The pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the propellant component is entirely 1,1-difluoroethane (HFA-152a).
14. The pharmaceutical composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the propellant component contains from 0.5 to 10 ppm, e.g. from 1 to 5 ppm, of unsaturated impurities.
15. The pharmaceutical composition of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising (iv) glycerol and wherein at least 95 weight %, preferably at least 98 weight % and more preferably at least 99 weight % of the composition consists of the three components (i), (ii) and (iv).
16. The pharmaceutical composition of any one of the preceding claims which is surfactant-free.
17. The pharmaceutical composition of any one of the preceding claims which is free of acid stabilisers.
18. The pharmaceutical composition of any one of the preceding claims which produces less than 2.0 % by weight, preferably less than 1.5 % by weight and more preferably less than 1.0 % by weight of total impurities from the degradation of the beclomethasone dipropionate based on the total weight of the beclomethasone dipropionate and the impurities after storage in uncoated aluminium containers at 40°C and 75 % relative humidity for 1 month for amounts of ethanol up to 15 weight % based on the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition.
19. The pharmaceutical composition of any one of the preceding claims which produces less than 2.5 % by weight, preferably less than 2.0 % by weight and more preferably less than 1.5 % by weight of total impurities from the degradation of the beclomethasone dipropionate based on the total weight of the beclomethasone dipropionate and the impurities after storage in uncoated aluminium containers at 40°C and 75 % relative humidity for 3 months for amounts of ethanol up to 15 weight % based on the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition.
20. The pharmaceutical composition of any one of the preceding claims which is free of perforated microstructures.
21. The pharmaceutical composition of any one of the preceding claims which is free of pharmaceutically acceptable salts of both cromoglycic acid and nedocromil.
22. The pharmaceutical composition of any one of the preceding claims which is free of polymers having amide and/or carboxylic acid ester repeating structural units.
23. The pharmaceutical composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the propellant component has a global warming potential (GWP) of less than 250, preferably less than 200 and more preferably less than 150.
24. A sealed container that contains a pharmaceutical composition as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 23.
25. The sealed container of claim 24 which is an uncoated aluminium can.
26. The sealed container of claim 24 or 25 which is a pressurized aerosol container for use with a metered dose inhaler (MDI).
27. A metered dose inhaler (MDI) fitted with a sealed container as claimed in claim 26.
28. The metered dose inhaler of claim 27 which comprises a nozzle and valve assembly attached to the pressurized aerosol container and a gasket made from an elastomeric material selected from EPDM, chlorobutyl, bromobutyl and cycloolefin copolymer rubbers to provide a seal between the container and the nozzle/valve assembly.
29. The use of a pharmaceutical composition as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 23 for the manufacture of a medicament for treating a patient suffering or likely to suffer from a respiratory disorder.
30. The use of claim 29, wherein the respiratory disorder is asthma or a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
31. The use of claim 29 or 30, wherein the medicament is adapted to be delivered to the patient using a metered dose inhaler (MDI).
32. A method of improving the stability of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a propellant component, a drug component comprising beclomethasone dipropionate and ethanol, said method comprising using a propellant component at least 90 weight % of which is 1,1-difluoroethane (HFA-152a).
33. The method of claim 32, further comprising selecting the components and conditions for the preparation of the pharmaceutical composition to maintain the water content of the pharmaceutical composition below 500 ppm, preferably below 100 ppm, more preferably below 50 ppm, still more preferably below 10 ppm and particularly below 5 ppm based on the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition.
34. The method of claim 32 or 33, wherein the oxygen content of the resulting pharmaceutical composition is below 1000 ppm, preferably below 500 ppm, more preferably below 100 ppm and particularly below 50 ppm based on the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition.
35. The method of any one of claims 32 to 34, wherein the beclomethasone dipropionate is in a micronized form.
36. The method of any one of claims 32 to 35, wherein the drug component additionally comprises formoterol fumarate dihydrate.
37. The method of claim 36, wherein the formoterol fumarate dihydrate is in a micronized form.
38. The method of any one of claims 32 to 37, wherein the drug component additionally comprises at least one long acting muscarinic antagonist.
39. The method of claim 38, wherein the at least one long acting muscarinic antagonist is selected from the group consisting of umeclidinium, ipratropium, tiotropium, aclidinium and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
40. The method of claim 38, wherein the at least one long acting muscarinic antagonist is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of glycopyrrolate, especially glycopyrronium bromide.
41. The method of any one of claims 38 to 40, wherein the at least one long acting muscarinic antagonist is in a micronized form.
42. The method of any one of claims 32 to 41, wherein the drug component comprises from 0.01 to 2.5 weight %, preferably from 0.01 to 2.0 weight %, more preferably from 0.05 to 2.0 weight % and especially from 0.05 to 1.5 weight % of the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition.
43. The method of any one of claims 32 to 42, wherein the propellant component comprises from 80.0 to 99.99 weight %, preferably from 90.0 to 99.99 weight %, more preferably from 96.5 to 99.99 weight % and especially from 97.5 to 99.95 weight % of the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition.
44. The method of any one of claims 32 to 43, wherein at least 95 weight % and preferably at least 99 weight % of the propellant component is 1,1-difluoroethane (HFA-152a).
45. The method of any one of claims 32 to 43, wherein the propellant component is entirely 1,1-difluoroethane (HFA-152a).
46. The method of claim 44 or 45, wherein the propellant component contains from 0.5 to 10 ppm, e.g. from 1 to 5 ppm, of unsaturated impurities.
47. The method of any one of claims 32 to 46, further comprising glycerol and wherein at least 95 weight %, preferably at least 98 weight % and more preferably at least 99 weight % of the pharmaceutical composition consists of the drug component, the propellant component, glycerol and ethanol.
48. The method of any one of claims 32 to 47, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is surfactant-free.
49. The method of any one of claims 32 to 48, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is free of acid stabilisers.
50. The method of any one of claims 32 to 49, further comprising glycerol and wherein the pharmaceutical composition consists entirely of the drug component, the propellant component, glycerol and ethanol.
51. The method of any one of claims 32 to 50, wherein the pharmaceutical composition after storage in uncoated aluminium containers at 40°C and 75 % relative humidity for 1 month produces less than 2.0 % by weight, preferably less than 1.5 % by weight and more preferably less than 1.0 % by weight of impurities from the degradation of the beclomethasone dipropionate based on the total weight of the beclomethasone dipropionate and the impurities for amounts of ethanol up to 15 weight % based on the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition.
52. The method of any one of claims 32 to 51, wherein the pharmaceutical composition after storage in uncoated aluminium containers at 40°C and 75 % relative humidity for 3 months produces less than 2.5 % by weight, preferably less than 2.0 % by weight and more preferably less than 1.5 % by weight of impurities from the degradation of the beclomethasone dipropionate based on the total weight of the beclomethasone dipropionate and the impurities for amounts of ethanol up to 15 weight % based on the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition.
53. The method of any one of claims 32 to 52, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is in the form of a suspension.
54. The method of any one of claims 32 to 52, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is in the form of a solution.
55. The method of any one of claims 32 to 54, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is free of perforated microstructures.
56. The method of any one of claims 32 to 55, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is free of pharmaceutically acceptable salts of both cromoglycic acid and nedocromil.
57. The method of any one of claims 32 to 56, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is free of polymers having amide and/or carboxylic acid ester repeating structural units.
58. The method of any one of claims 32 to 57, wherein the propellant component has a global warming potential (GWP) of less than 250, preferably less than 200 and more preferably less than 150.
59. A method of reducing the global warming potential (GWP) of a pharmaceutical composition comprising: (i) a drug component comprising beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) and formoterol fumarate dihydrate; and (ii) a propellant component, said method comprising using a propellant component at least 90 weight % of which is 1,1-difluoroethane (HFA-152a).
60. The method of claim 59, wherein at least 95 weight % and preferably at least 99 weight % of the propellant component used is 1,1-difluoroethane (HFA-152a).
61. The method of claim 59, wherein the propellant component used is entirely 1,1- difluoroethane (HFA-152a).
62. The method of claim 59, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 23.
63. The method of any one of claims 59 to 61, wherein the propellant component used has a global warming potential (GWP) of less than 250, preferably less than 200 and more preferably less than 150.
64. The pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 1 to 23 which is adapted to deliver the compounds making up the drug component in approximately the same proportions that they occur in the pharmaceutical composition.
65. The method of any one of claims 32 to 58, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is stabilised compared to one that uses 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFA-134a) or 1,1,1,2,3,3,3- heptafluoropropane (HFA-227ea) as the propellant but which is otherwise identical.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB1615908.9A GB2554088A (en) | 2016-09-19 | 2016-09-19 | Pharmaceautical composition |
GB1615908.9 | 2016-09-19 | ||
GBGB1620515.5A GB201620515D0 (en) | 2016-12-02 | 2016-12-02 | Pharmaceutical composition |
GB1620515.5 | 2016-12-02 | ||
PCT/GB2017/052762 WO2018051131A1 (en) | 2016-09-19 | 2017-09-18 | Pharmaceutical composition |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NZ752434A NZ752434A (en) | 2020-11-27 |
NZ752434B2 true NZ752434B2 (en) | 2021-03-02 |
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