NZ743933A - Fertilizer Compositions and uses thereof - Google Patents
Fertilizer Compositions and uses thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NZ743933A NZ743933A NZ743933A NZ74393317A NZ743933A NZ 743933 A NZ743933 A NZ 743933A NZ 743933 A NZ743933 A NZ 743933A NZ 74393317 A NZ74393317 A NZ 74393317A NZ 743933 A NZ743933 A NZ 743933A
- Authority
- NZ
- New Zealand
- Prior art keywords
- humate
- plant
- composition
- soil
- urea
- Prior art date
Links
Abstract
The present invention relates to fertiliser compositions, and methods of making and using such compositions. In particular, the invention relates to fertiliser compositions comprising humates, urea and lime, wherein the humate comprises more than 27% humic acid, and the use of such compositions to provide one or more benefits to agricultural and/or horticultural production, including one or more of improving crop health, crop yield, soil health, and soil microbiota.
Description
Fertilizer Compositions and uses thereof
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to fertiliser compositions, and methods of making and using
such compositions. In particular, the invention relates to fertiliser compositions comprising humates,
and the use of such compositions to provide one or more benefits to agricultural and/or horticultural
production, including one or more of improving crop health, crop yield, soil health, and soil microbiota.
BACKGROUND
The use of fertilisers to improve plant growth and crop yield is well-known, and their
widespread use is generally considered to be the major enabler of current levels of agricultural
production. Typically, fertilisers include various combinations of nitrogen, potassium, and sodium, and
may additionally include trace elements such as magnesium. The agricultural use of humates is also
known. The widespread use of modern fertilisers has, however, been associated with a number of
undesirable environmental impacts, including groundwater damage or contamination, and a reduction
in soil fertility.
There remains a need for agriculturally and horticulturally acceptable compositions for use
in improving plant growth, crop yield, and soil condition.
It is an object of the present invention to address the foregoing problems, to provide
methods and compositions for enhancing plant growth, and/or enhancing soil condition, or at least to
provide the public with a useful choice.
Further aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the
ensuing description which is given by way of example only.
In this specification, where reference has been made to external sources of information,
including patent specifications and other documents, this is generally for the purpose of providing a
context for discussing the features of the present invention. Unless stated otherwise, reference to such
sources of information is not to be construed, in any jurisdiction, as an admission that such sources of
information are prior art or form part of the common general knowledge in the art. All references,
including any patents or patent applications cited in this specification are hereby incorporated by
reference. No admission is made that any reference constitutes prior art. The discussion of the
references states what their authors assert, and the applicants reserve the right to challenge the
accuracy and pertinency of the cited documents.
Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the description and the claims,
the words “comprise”, “comprising”, and the like, are to be construed in an inclusive sense as opposed
to an exclusive or exhaustive sense, that is to say, in the sense of “including, but not limited to”.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, in one aspect the present invention relates to a method of providing one or
more nutrients to a plant or a substrate in which a plant is or is to be planted, the method comprising
applying to the plant or the substrate
a) a humate or a composition comprising a humate, and
b) a fertilizer comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of urea,
wherein the humate or composition comprising a humate is applied at a rate of more than about 5%
w/w of humate to urea.
In one embodiment, the humate or composition comprising a humate is applied at a rate
of from about 5% w/w to about 30% w/w of humate to urea.
In another aspect, the present invention relates to a method of enhancing plant growth,
the method comprising applying to a plant or a locus at which a plant is or is to be planted
a) a humate or a composition comprising a humate, and
b) a fertilizer comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of urea,
wherein the humate or composition comprising a humate is applied at a rate of from about 5% w/w to
about 30% w/w of humate to urea.
In another aspect, the present invention relates to a method of enhancing soil condition,
the method comprising applying to the soil
a) a humate or a composition comprising a humate, and
b) a fertilizer comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of urea,
wherein the humate or composition comprising a humate is applied at a rate of from about 5% w/w to
about 30% w/w of humate to urea, and where the enhancement in soil condition comprises an increase
in soil microbial population and/or an increase in soil microbial biodiversity.
In another aspect, the invention relates to a method of improving plant health, production,
or nutritional, environmental or economic value, or of improving the productive capacity or the
nutritional, environmental or economic value of a locus where a plant is or is to be planted, the method
comprising applying to the plant or the locus
a) a humate or a composition comprising a humate, and
b) a fertilizer comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of urea,
wherein the humate or composition comprising a humate is applied at a rate of from about 5% w/w to
about 30% w/w of humate to urea.
In one embodiment, the improvement is an improvement in yield. For example, the plant is
a crop plant, wherein the improvement is an improvement in crop yield.
In one embodiment, the improvement is a reduction in nitrogen leaching at the locus.
In one embodiment, the improvement is an increase in soil microbial population. In one
embodiment, the increase in soil microbial population is an increase in total soil bacterial population. In
another embodiment, the increase in soil microbial population is an increase in total soil
gammaproteobacterial population.
In another embodiment, the improvement is an increase in soil microbial biodiversity. In
one embodiment, the increase in soil microbial biodiversity is an increase in fungal biodiversity.
In another aspect, the invention relates to a method of treating the soil of pastoral land,
the method comprising applying to the soil
a) a humate or a composition comprising a humate, and
b) a fertilizer comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of urea,
wherein the humate or composition comprising a humate is applied at a rate of from about 5% w/w to
about 30% w/w of humate to urea.
In various aspects, the present invention relates to a method of providing one or more
nutrients to a plant or a substrate in which a plant is or is to be planted, a method of enhancing plant
growth, a method of enhancing soil condition, a method of improving plant health, production, or
nutritional, environmental or economic value, or of improving the productive capacity or the
nutritional, environmental or economic value of a locus where a plant is or is to be planted, a method of
treating the soil of pastoral land, the method comprising applying to the plant or the substrate
a) a humate or a composition comprising a humate, and
b) a fertilizer,
wherein the humate or composition comprising a humate is applied at a rate of more than about 5%
w/w of humate to fertiliser.
In one embodiment, the humate or composition comprising a humate is applied at a rate
of from about 5% w/w to about 30% w/w of humate to fertiliser.
In various aspects, the present invention relates to a method of providing one or more
nutrients to a plant or a substrate in which a plant is or is to be planted, a method of enhancing plant
growth, a method of enhancing soil condition, a method of improving plant health, production, or
nutritional, environmental or economic value, or of improving the productive capacity or the
nutritional, environmental or economic value of a locus where a plant is or is to be planted, a method of
treating the soil of pastoral land, the method comprising applying to the plant or the substrate
a) a humate or a composition comprising a humate, and
b) a fertilizer,
wherein the humate comprises more than about 25% w/w humic acid.
In one embodiment, the humate comprises more than about 30% w/w humic acid, for
example, the humate comprises more than about 35% w/w humic acid.
In one embodiment, the humate comprises more than about 25% w/w humic acid and the
humate or composition comprising a humate is applied at a rate of from about 5% w/w to about 30%
w/w of humate to fertiliser.
In other aspects, the present invention relates to a method of providing one or more
nutrients to a plant or a substrate in which a plant is or is to be planted, a method of enhancing plant
growth, a method of enhancing soil condition, a method of improving plant health, production, or
nutritional, environmental or economic value, or of improving the productive capacity or the
nutritional, environmental or economic value of a locus where a plant is or is to be planted, a method of
treating the soil of pastoral land, the method comprising applying to the plant or the substrate a
humate or a composition comprising a humate, wherein the humate comprises more than about 25%
w/w humic acid.
In other aspects, the present invention relates to a method of providing one or more
nutrients to a plant or a substrate in which a plant is or is to be planted, a method of enhancing plant
growth, a method of enhancing soil condition, a method of improving plant health, production, or
nutritional, environmental or economic value, or of improving the productive capacity or the
nutritional, environmental or economic value of a locus where a plant is or is to be planted, a method of
treating the soil of pastoral land, the method comprising
a) providing a humate determined to have a humic acid content of greater than about 25% w/w,
b) applying to the plant or the substrate the humate or a composition comprising the humate,
optionally together with a fertiliser.
In other aspects, the present invention relates to a method of providing one or more
nutrients to a plant or a substrate in which a plant is or is to be planted, a method of enhancing plant
growth, a method of enhancing soil condition, a method of improving plant health, production, or
nutritional, environmental or economic value, or of improving the productive capacity or the
nutritional, environmental or economic value of a locus where a plant is or is to be planted, a method of
treating the soil of pastoral land, the method comprising
a) determining the humic acid content of a sample from a humate, and
b) selecting humate having a humic acid content of greater than about 25% w/w, and
c) applying to the plant or the substrate the humate or a composition comprising the humate,
optionally together with a fertiliser.
In certain embodiments, the humate comprises more than about 30% w/w humic acid, for
example, the humate comprises more than about 35% w/w humic acid.
In one embodiment, the method of treating the soil of pastoral land is a method of treating
the soil of pastoral land to increase pasture production. In another embodiment, the method of treating
the soil of pastoral land is a method of treating the soil of pastoral land to increase soil microbial
population and/or increase soil microbial biodiversity.
Accordingly, in various embodiments, the plant is a pasture grass, such as fescue, ryegrass,
cocksfoot, or bluegrass, a clover, or a grain such as wheat, maize, rice, rye, oat, or barley.
In other embodiments, the plant is a crop plant.
In one embodiment, the composition comprising a humate and/or the fertiliser comprises
one or more agriculturally acceptable carriers and/or one or more additional agents.
In various embodiments, the composition comprising a humate and/or the fertiliser
comprises an effective amount of one or more of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur,
magnesium, calcium, boron, manganese, or any combination of two or more thereof.
In one embodiment, the composition comprising a humate additionally comprises a
nitrogen source. For example, the composition comprising a humate additionally comprises urea, or the
composition additionally comprises lime, or the composition additionally comprises both lime and urea.
Accordingly, in one aspect the invention provides an agriculturally acceptable composition
comprising
a) at least about 5% w/w humate,
b) at least about 5% w/w lime, and/or
c) at least about 70% w/w urea, and/or
d) each of a) to c) above, and/or
e) an agriculturally acceptable carrier.
In one embodiment, the composition comprises at least about 10% w/w humate, at least
about 15% w/w humate, at least about 20% w/w humate, or more than about 20% w/w humate.
In one representative example, the composition comprises about 10% w/w humate, about
% w/w lime, and about 80% w/w urea.
In various examples, the humate comprises more than about 20% w/w humic acid or one
or more salts thereof, for example, more than about 22% w/w, more than about 24% w/w, more than
about 26% w/w, more than about 28% w/w, more than about 30% w/w, more than about 32% w/w,
more than about 34% w/w, more than about 36% w/w, more than about 38% w/w, or more than about
40% w/w humic acid or one or more salts thereof.
In various examples, the humate comprises more than about 200 g humic acid or one or
more salts thereof per kilogram of humate, for example, more than about 210 g, more than about 220
g, more than about 220 g, more than about 230 g, more than about 240 g, more than about 250 g,
more than about 260 g, more than about 270 g, more than about 280 g, more than about 290 g, more
than about 300 g, more than about 310 g, more than about 320 g, more than about 330 g, more than
about 340 g, more than about 350 g, more than about 360 g, more than about 370 g, more than about
380 g, more than about 390 g, more than about 400 g, or more than about 410 g of humic acid or one
or more salts thereof per kilogram humate.
In various embodiments, the fertiliser comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of urea
phosphate, urea sulphur, urea potash, or a mixture or any two or more thereof.
In various embodiments, the humate, the composition comprising a humate, and/or the
fertilser are applied to a plant or a locus where a plant is or is to be planted using standard solid-phase
distribution techniques. For example, the humate or composition comprising a humate is blown,
spread, or disbursed over a locus where one or more plants are or are to be planted. In one exemplary
embodiment, the humate or composition comprising a humate is sprayed, spread or blown onto a
pasture.
In one embodiment, the humate or composition comprising the humate and/or the
fertiliser is applied to substantially cover the locus, for example a pasture.
In various embodiments, the humate or composition comprising a humate is applied at a
rate of more than about 5% w/w humate to urea. For example, the humate or composition comprising
a humate is applied at a rate of more than about 7.5% w/w humate to urea, more than about 10% w/w,
more than about 12.5% w/w, more than about 15% w/w, more than about 17.5% w/w, more than
about 20% w/w, more than about 22.5% w/w, more than about 25% w/w, more than about 27.5% w/w,
more than about 30% w/w, more than about 32.5% w/w, more than about 35% w/w, more than about
37.5% w/w, or more than about 40% w/w humate to urea.
In one embodiment, the humate or composition comprising the humate is applied to
provide more than about 0.1 Kg of humic acid per hectare, for example, more than about 0.2 Kg/Ha,
more than about 0.3 Kg/Ha, more than about 0.4 Kg/Ha, more than about 0.5 Kg/Ha, more than about
0.6 Kg/Ha, more than about 0.7 Kg/Ha, more than about 0.8 Kg/Ha, more than about 0.9 Kg/Ha, more
than about 1 Kg/Ha, more than about 1.1 Kg/Ha, more than about 1.2 Kg/Ha, more than about 1.3
Kg/Ha, more than about 1.4 Kg/Ha, more than about 1.5 Kg/Ha, more than about 1.6 Kg/Ha, more than
about 1.7 Kg/Ha, more than about 1.8 Kg/Ha, more than about 1.9 Kg/Ha, more than about 2 Kg/Ha,
more than about 2.1 Kg/Ha, more than about 2.2 Kg/Ha, more than about 2.3 Kg/Ha, more than about
2.4 Kg/Ha, more than about 2.5 Kg/Ha, more than about 2.6 Kg/Ha, more than about 2.7 Kg/Ha, more
than about 2.8 Kg/Ha, more than about 2.9 Kg/Ha, more than about 3 Kg/Ha, more than about 3.1
Kg/Ha, more than about 3.2 Kg/Ha, more than about 3.3 Kg/Ha, more than about 3.4 Kg/Ha, more than
about 3.5 Kg/Ha, more than about 3.6 Kg/Ha, more than about 3.7 Kg/Ha, more than about 3.8 Kg/Ha,
more than about 3.9 Kg/Ha, more than about 4 Kg/Ha, more than about 4.1 Kg/Ha, more than about 4.2
Kg/Ha, more than about 4.3 Kg/Ha, more than about 4.4 Kg/Ha, more than about 4.5 Kg/Ha, more than
about 4.6 Kg/Ha, more than about 4.7 Kg/Ha, more than about 4.8 Kg/Ha, more than about 4.9 Kg/Ha,
more than about 5 Kg/Ha, or more kilograms of humic acid per hectare, and useful ranges may be
selected between any of these values.
In one embodiment, a method described herein increases plant growth, such as pasture
growth, or increases plant yield, such as pasture yield.
In one embodiment, the method increases pasture dry matter production by at least about
% compared to untreated pasture, for example increases dry matter production by at least about
%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100%
compared to untreated pasture, and useful ranges may be selected between any of these values.
In some embodiments, the method increases pasture dry matter production by at least
about 15% to about 50%, for example from about 15% to about 20% compared to untreated pasture.
It is intended that reference to a range of numbers disclosed herein (for example, 1 to 10)
also incorporates reference to all rational numbers within that range (for example, 1, 1.1, 2, 3, 3.9, 4, 5,
6, 6.5, 7, 8, 9 and 10) and also any range of rational numbers within that range (for example, 2 to 8, 1.5
to 5.5 and 3.1 to 4.7).
This invention may also be said broadly to consist in the parts, elements and features
referred to or indicated in the specification of the application, individually or collectively, and any or all
combinations of any two or more of said parts, elements or features, and where specific integers are
mentioned herein which have known equivalents in the art to which this invention relates, such known
equivalents are deemed to be incorporated herein as if individually set forth.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Further aspects of the present invention will become apparent from the following
description which is given by way of example only and with reference to the accompanying drawings in
which:
Figure 1 is a graph showing pasture yield (dry matter (Kg) per hectare per day) across 3 trial
groups: a no treatment group (◊ Nil), urea (30 Kg/Ha) only (* Urea), and urea + humate
(• composition 1), as presented in Example 1.
Figure 2 presents two graphs showing a time course of the effect of treatment with 30 Kg/Ha
urea only (◊ 0%), 30 Kg/Ha urea + 10% w/w humate (▪ 10%), 30 Kg/Ha urea + 20% w/w
humate (∆ 20%), and a composition comprising 30 Kg/Ha urea + 10% high humic acid
humate + 10% lime (* composition 1), on pasture yield. Figure 2.1 presents the
production response in the deep soil phase over the course of a three-month summer
season, and Figure 2.2 presents the production response in the shallow soil phase over
the same period, as described herein in Example 2 herein.
Figure 3 is a graph depicting total daily production (dry matter (Kg)/Ha/day) of the shallow soil
phase and of the deep soil phase, averaged across all fertiliser treatments, as described
herein in Example 2.
Figure 4 presents three graphs showing the effect of treatment with urea (30 Kg/Ha) only (*
Urea), and urea + humate + lime (• composition 1), on pasture yield relative to that of
unfertilised pasture (◊ Nil). Figure 4.1 presents the results over a first August -> March
season, Figure 4.2 presents the results over a second August-> July season, and Figure
4.3 presents the results over a third August -> April season, as described in Example 3
herein.
Figure 5 presents a graph depicting total nitrogen in the soil of each treatment group at the end
of the second August -> July season, as described herein in Example 3.
Figure 6 presents a similarity plot depicting the effect of various fertiliser treatments on soil
bacterial composition, as described in Example 3 herein.
Figure 7 presents a similarity plot depicting the effect of various fertiliser treatments on soil
gammaproteobacterial composition, as described in Example 3 herein.
Figure 8 presents a similarity plot depicting the effect of various fertiliser treatments on soil
fungal composition, as described in Example 3 herein.
Figure 9 presents three graphs depicting fertiliser effect on soil microbiological biodiversity, as
described in Example 3 herein. Figure 9.1 presents the average number of bacterial
groups present in each treatment group, Figure 9.2 presents the average number of
gammaproteobacterial groups present in each treatment group, and Figure 9.3 presents
the average number of fungal groups present in each treatment group. Error bars are
+/- standard error.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The present invention relates to methods and compositions for improving plant health,
production, and/or the nutritional, environmental or economic value of one or more plants, in addition
to methods and compositions for improving the condition and/or productive capacity of substrates in
which plants are grown, and particularly soils including pastoral land. The invention thereby provides
methods and compositions for improving the health and production of plants, for example crops and
pasture, but also for mitigating negative environmental impacts associated with the application or
overapplication of fertilisers, and particularly modern fertilisers. The present invention contemplates
the application of humates and/or compositions comprising one or more humates in conjunction with
one or more fertilisers, and particularly one or more fertilisers comprising, consisting essentially of, or
consisting of urea.
In certain embodiments, the humate or composition comprising a humate and the fertiliser
are applied simultaneously. In other embodiments, the humate or composition comprising a humate
and the fertiliser are applied sequentially. Generally, sequential application will be done with a minimal
delay between application of the humate or composition comprising a humate. For example, the
fertiliser is applied within about four weeks, for example within about three weeks of application of the
humate or composition comprising a humate.
While methods of applying the combination of a humate and a urea -containing fertiliser as
described herein can be implemented using a variety of application rates and application frequencies,
the applicants believe, without wishing to be bound by any theory, that optimal application rates and
frequencies are determinable for a given plant or substrate so as to minimise overdosing and/or waste,
while maximising efficacy.
In one example, fertiliser is applied at a rate to provide from about 10 kg urea per hectare
to about 40 kg urea per hectare. The frequency of application is typically monthly or bimonthly,
although frequency may be varied over the growing season.
Humates useful herein comprise humic acid or one or more salts thereof, and additionally
may comprise fulvic acid, and one or more elements or trace elements. In certain embodiments, the
humate comprises more than about 20% w/w humic acid or one or more salts thereof, for example,
more than about 21% w/w humic acid or one or more salts thereof, more than about 22% w/w, more
than about 23% w/w, more than about 24% w/w, more than about 25% w/w, more than about 26%
w/w, more than about 27% w/w, more than about 28% w/w, more than about 29% w/w, more than
about 30% w/w, more than about 31% w/w, more than about 32% w/w, more than about 33% w/w,
more than about 34% w/w, more than about 35% w/w, more than about 36% w/w, more than about
37% w/w, more than about 38% w/w, more than about 39% w/w, or more than about 40% w/w humic
acid or one or more salts thereof. Typically, w/w is assessed on a dry matter basis.
A comprehensive analysis of the composition of a representative humate useful herein is
depicted in Table 2 herein.
Application to soil
In one embodiment, the humate or composition comprising the humate and/or the
fertiliser are applied to a plant or a locus in which a plant is or is to be planted, such as, for example, a
pasture. The humate or composition comprising the humate and/or the fertiliser may be spread by
spraying, blowing, spinning or pneumatic application such that the humate or composition comprising
the humate and/or the fertiliser cover 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%,
65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100% of the plants or locus, such as a pasture.
In one embodiment, the humate or composition comprising the humate is applied to
provide more than about 0.2 Kg of humate per hectare, for example, more than about 0.3 Kg/Ha, more
than about 0.4 Kg/Ha, more than about 0.5 Kg/Ha, more than about 0.6 Kg/Ha, more than about 0.7
Kg/Ha, more than about 0.8 Kg/Ha, more than about 0.9 Kg/Ha, more than about 1 Kg/Ha, more than
about 1.1 Kg/Ha, more than about 1.2 Kg/Ha, more than about 1.3 Kg/Ha, more than about 1.4 Kg/Ha,
more than about 1.5 Kg/Ha, more than about 1.6 Kg/Ha, more than about 1.7 Kg/Ha, more than about
1.8 Kg/Ha, more than about 1.9 Kg/Ha, more than about 2 Kg/Ha, more than about 2.1 Kg/Ha, more
than about 2.2 Kg/Ha, more than about 2.3 Kg/Ha, more than about 2.4 Kg/Ha, more than about 2.5
Kg/Ha, more than about 2.6 Kg/Ha, more than about 2.7 Kg/Ha, more than about 2.8 Kg/Ha, more than
about 2.9 Kg/Ha, more than about 3 Kg/Ha, more than about 3.1 Kg/Ha, more than about 3.2 Kg/Ha,
more than about 3.3 Kg/Ha, more than about 3.4 Kg/Ha, more than about 3.5 Kg/Ha, more than about
3.6 Kg/Ha, more than about 3.7 Kg/Ha, more than about 3.8 Kg/Ha, more than about 3.9 Kg/Ha, more
than about 4 Kg/Ha, more than about 4.1 Kg/Ha, more than about 4.2 Kg/Ha, more than about 4.3
Kg/Ha, more than about 4.4 Kg/Ha, more than about 4.5 Kg/Ha, more than about 4.6 Kg/Ha, more than
about 4.7 Kg/Ha, more than about 4.8 Kg/Ha, more than about 4.9 Kg/Ha, more than about 5 Kg/Ha, or
more kilograms of humate per hectare, and useful ranges may be selected between any of these values.
In another embodiment, the humate or composition comprising the humate is applied to
provide more than about 5.1 Kg of humate per hectare, for example, more than about 5.2 Kg/Ha, more
than about 5.3 Kg/Ha, more than about 5.4 Kg/Ha, more than about 5.5 Kg/Ha, more than about 5.6
Kg/Ha, more than about 5.7 Kg/Ha, more than about 5.8 Kg/Ha, more than about 5.9 Kg/Ha, more than
about 6 Kg/Ha, more than about 6.1 Kg/Ha, more than about 6.2 Kg/Ha, more than about 6.3 Kg/Ha,
more than about 6.4 Kg/Ha, more than about 6.5 Kg/Ha, more than about 6.6 Kg/Ha, more than about
6.7 Kg/Ha, more than about 6.8 Kg/Ha, more than about 6.9 Kg/Ha, more than about 7 Kg/Ha, more
than about 7.1 Kg/Ha, more than about 7.2 Kg/Ha, more than about 7.3 Kg/Ha, more than about 7.4
Kg/Ha, more than about 7.5 Kg/Ha, more than about 7.6 Kg/Ha, more than about 7.7 Kg/Ha, more than
about 7.8 Kg/Ha, more than about 7.9 Kg/Ha, more than about 8 Kg/Ha, more than about 8.1 Kg/Ha,
more than about 8.2 Kg/Ha, more than about 8.3 Kg/Ha, more than about 8.4 Kg/Ha, more than about
8.5 Kg/Ha, more than about 8.6 Kg/Ha, more than about 8.7 Kg/Ha, more than about 8.8 Kg/Ha, more
than about 8.9 Kg/Ha, more than about 9 Kg/Ha, more than about 9.1 Kg/Ha, more than about 9.2
Kg/Ha, more than about 9.3 Kg/Ha, more than about 9.4 Kg/Ha, more than about 9.5 Kg/Ha, more than
about 9.6 Kg/Ha, more than about 9.7 Kg/Ha, more than about 9.8 Kg/Ha, more than about 9.9 Kg/Ha,
more than about 10 Kg/Ha, or more kilograms of humate per hectare, and useful ranges may be
selected between any of these values.
In one embodiment, the humate or composition comprising the humate is applied to
provide more than about 0.1 Kg of humic acid per hectare, for example, more than about 0.2 Kg/Ha,
more than about 0.3 Kg/Ha, more than about 0.4 Kg/Ha, more than about 0.5 Kg/Ha, more than about
0.6 Kg/Ha, more than about 0.7 Kg/Ha, more than about 0.8 Kg/Ha, more than about 0.9 Kg/Ha, more
than about 1 Kg/Ha, more than about 1.1 Kg/Ha, more than about 1.2 Kg/Ha, more than about 1.3
Kg/Ha, more than about 1.4 Kg/Ha, more than about 1.5 Kg/Ha, more than about 1.6 Kg/Ha, more than
about 1.7 Kg/Ha, more than about 1.8 Kg/Ha, more than about 1.9 Kg/Ha, more than about 2 Kg/Ha,
more than about 2.1 Kg/Ha, more than about 2.2 Kg/Ha, more than about 2.3 Kg/Ha, more than about
2.4 Kg/Ha, more than about 2.5 Kg/Ha, more than about 2.6 Kg/Ha, more than about 2.7 Kg/Ha, more
than about 2.8 Kg/Ha, more than about 2.9 Kg/Ha, more than about 3 Kg/Ha, more than about 3.1
Kg/Ha, more than about 3.2 Kg/Ha, more than about 3.3 Kg/Ha, more than about 3.4 Kg/Ha, more than
about 3.5 Kg/Ha, more than about 3.6 Kg/Ha, more than about 3.7 Kg/Ha, more than about 3.8 Kg/Ha,
more than about 3.9 Kg/Ha, more than about 4 Kg/Ha, more than about 4.1 Kg/Ha, more than about 4.2
Kg/Ha, more than about 4.3 Kg/Ha, more than about 4.4 Kg/Ha, more than about 4.5 Kg/Ha, more than
about 4.6 Kg/Ha, more than about 4.7 Kg/Ha, more than about 4.8 Kg/Ha, more than about 4.9 Kg/Ha,
more than about 5 Kg/Ha, or more kilograms of humic acid per hectare, and useful ranges may be
selected between any of these values.
In one embodiment, the humate or composition comprising the humate and/or the
fertiliser are applied to a plant or a locus in which a plant is or is to be planted to provide about 5, 10,
, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95 or 100 g/Ha humic acid or a salt thereof,
and useful ranges may be selected between any of these values (for example, about 5 to about 100,
about 5 to about 90, about 5 to about 75, about 5 to about 60, about 5 to about 55, about 5 to about
40, about 5 to about 30, about 5 to about 20, about 10 to about 95, about 10 to about 90, about 10 to
about 80, about 10 to about 70, about 10 to about 60, about 10 to about 55, about 10 to about 40,
about 10 to about 30, about 10 to about 20, about 15 to about 90, about 15 to about 80, about 15 to
about 60, about 15 to about 50, about 20 to about 100, about 20 to about 90, about 20 to about 85,
about 20 to about 80, about 20 to about 75, about 20 to about 60, about 20 to about 55, about 20 to
about 40, about 25 to about 100, about 25 to about 80, about 25 to about 75, about 25 to about 60,
about 25 to about 55, about 25 to about 40, about 30 to about 100, about 30 to about 90, about 30 to
about 80, about 30 to about 70, about 30 to about 60, about 30 to about 50, about 40 to about 100,
about 40 to about 95, about 40 to about 85, about 40 to about 65, about 40 to about 60, about 40 to
about 55, about 50 to about 100, about 50 to about 80, about 50 to about 70, about 50 to about 60,
about 60 to about 100, about 60 to about 85, about 60 to about 75, about 75 to about 100, about 75 to
about 80, about 85 to about 100, about 85 to about 90, or about 90 to about 100 g/Ha).
In one embodiment, the humate or composition comprising the humate and the fertiliser
increase pasture dry matter production by at least about 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65,
70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95 or 100%, and useful ranges may be selected between any of these values (for
example, about 5 to about 100, about 5 to about 90, about 5 to about 75, about 5 to about 60, about 5
to about 55, about 5 to about 40, about 5 to about 30, about 5 to about 20, about 10 to about 95,
about 10 to about 90, about 10 to about 80, about 10 to about 70, about 10 to about 60, about 10 to
about 55, about 10 to about 40, about 10 to about 30, about 10 to about 20, about 15 to about 90,
about 15 to about 80, about 15 to about 60, about 15 to about 50, about 20 to about 100, about 20 to
about 90, about 20 to about 85, about 20 to about 80, about 20 to about 75, about 20 to about 60,
about 20 to about 55, about 20 to about 40, about 25 to about 100, about 25 to about 80, about 25 to
about 75, about 25 to about 60, about 25 to about 55, about 25 to about 40, about 30 to about 100,
about 30 to about 90, about 30 to about 80, about 30 to about 70, about 30 to about 60, about 30 to
about 50, about 40 to about 100, about 40 to about 95, about 40 to about 85, about 40 to about 65,
about 40 to about 60, about 40 to about 55, about 50 to about 100, about 50 to about 80, about 50 to
about 70, about 50 to about 60, about 60 to about 100, about 60 to about 85, about 60 to about 75,
about 75 to about 100, about 75 to about 80, about 85 to about 100, about 85 to about 90, or about 90
to about 100%).
In one embodiment, the humate or composition comprising the humate and the fertiliser
increase the microbial population and/or microbial biodiversity by at least about 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30,
, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95 or 100%, and useful ranges may be selected between
any of these values (for example, about 5 to about 100, about 5 to about 90, about 5 to about 75, about
to about 60, about 5 to about 55, about 5 to about 40, about 5 to about 30, about 5 to about 20,
about 10 to about 95, about 10 to about 90, about 10 to about 80, about 10 to about 70, about 10 to
about 60, about 10 to about 55, about 10 to about 40, about 10 to about 30, about 10 to about 20,
about 15 to about 90, about 15 to about 80, about 15 to about 60, about 15 to about 50, about 20 to
about 100, about 20 to about 90, about 20 to about 85, about 20 to about 80, about 20 to about 75,
about 20 to about 60, about 20 to about 55, about 20 to about 40, about 25 to about 100, about 25 to
about 80, about 25 to about 75, about 25 to about 60, about 25 to about 55, about 25 to about 40,
about 30 to about 100, about 30 to about 90, about 30 to about 80, about 30 to about 70, about 30 to
about 60, about 30 to about 50, about 40 to about 100, about 40 to about 95, about 40 to about 85,
about 40 to about 65, about 40 to about 60, about 40 to about 55, about 50 to about 100, about 50 to
about 80, about 50 to about 70, about 50 to about 60, about 60 to about 100, about 60 to about 85,
about 60 to about 75, about 75 to about 100, about 75 to about 80, about 85 to about 100, about 85 to
about 90, or about 90 to about 100%).
In various embodiments, the humate or composition comprising the humate and/or the
fertiliser is spread onto soil, pasture, crops, arable land in accordance with known application methods.
For example, the humate or composition comprising the humate and/or the fertiliser is loaded into a
vehicle mounted hopper and distributed onto the soil. Spraying, blowing and spinning are commonly
used methods of distributing agricultural compositions, and spinner trucks and blower trucks, as are
commonly used in the art, are convenient vehicles to distribute the humates, compositions and
fertilisers described herein. In other examples, application by side dressing or by aerial spraying are
used.
In one embodiment, the application method comprises spraying or distributing the humate
or composition comprising the humate and/or the fertiliser by handgun or commercial airblast, for
example using air-drilling or other pneumatic techniques.
In another embodiment, the humate or composition comprising the humate and/or the
fertiliser is applied to the soil by subsurface application, for example via standard processes as are
known in the art, such as drilling and air-drilling.
In certain embodiments, application of irrigation water follows application of the humate
or composition comprising the humate, and/or of the fertiliser, to the soil. It should be appreciated that
rain subsequent to application may also be sufficient to disperse the humate or composition comprising
the humate and/or the fertiliser into the soil.
In the context of agricultural crops, it will be appreciated that the methods and
compositions described herein will typically be employed pre-harvest, so as to provide the health
and/or production benefits described herein. However, post-harvest application, for example to
enhance soil condition and/or to mitigate one or more negative effects of fertiliser use, is certainly
contemplated.
Accordingly, the humate or composition comprising the humate and/or the fertiliser as
described herein can be used to treat or pretreat soils, and in certain embodiments can be applied with
or to seeds.
It will be appreciated that the humate or composition comprising the humate, and/or the
fertiliser can each independently be prepared in various liquid or solid forms as are commonly used in
the art. For example, in one embodiment the humate, the composition comprising the humate, and/or
the fertiliser is prepared and/or applied in a solid form, such as prills, granules, or powders. In other
embodiments, any one or more of the humate, the composition comprising the humate, and/or the
fertiliser is prepared and/or applied in a liquid form, including for example suspensions ancillaries. The
preparation of suitable application forms is well understood in the art and can be chosen in accordance
with the desired mode of application.
In certain embodiments, the fertiliser is or comprises urea, and application of such urea-
based ferilisers has been shown herein to particularly benefit plant and soil health and productivity
using the methods and compositions described herein. In other embodiments, the use of fertilisers
lacking urea is provided. For example, phosphate and superphosphate ferilisers, sulphur and/or
sulphate comprising fertilisers, calcium comprising fertilisers (including calcium oxide), metal oxide
comprising fertilisers, magnesium comprising fertilisers (including magnesium oxide), and fertilisers
comprising particulates solids, such as but not limited to fine rock, serpentine, lime, dolomite, and
zeolite, are all amenable to use with the humate and/or composition comprising humate as described
herein. So-called biological fertilisers, such as those comprising sulphate of potash, muriate of potash
(potassium chloride), guano, gypsum, kieserite (magnesium sulphate), serpentine, dolomite, and
sulphate of ammonia, are specifically contemplated for use in the methods described herein, for
example in situations where organic certification or compliance with certain regulatory environments is
desired. For example, in one particularly contemplated embodiment, the methods described herein
employ high humic acid humate together with sulphate of ammonia. Those skilled in the art would, on
reading the specification, recognise that the methods and compositions described herein are in various
embodiments suitable for use with inorganic, organic, and biological fertilisers, as appropriate or
desired for a given application.
Agriculturally acceptable carriers and additional agents
The invention contemplates in certain embodiments the use of selected humates in
unprocessed or relatively unprocessed form, including humates that are essentially unchanged in
composition from that in which they are extracted or naturally occur, including humates that for
example have undergone only milling, grinding, or comminution, for example to ease handling. In other
embodiments, the humate or humates is prepared or applied as a composition comprising one or more
agriculturally acceptable carriers, and/or one or more additional agents. Accordingly, in certain
embodiments, the composition comprising the humate, and/or the fertiliser comprises one or more
agriculturally acceptable carriers, and/or one or more additional agents. In other embodiments, the
humate or the composition comprising the humate, and/or the fertiliser is administered together with
one or more agriculturally acceptable carriers, and/or one or more additional agents.
In various embodiments, the at least one agriculturally acceptable carrier is any substance
typically used to formulate an agricultural composition.
In one embodiment, the agriculturally acceptable carrier is selected from the group
comprising fillers, solvents, excipients, surfactants, suspending agents, speaders/stickers (adhesives),
antifoaming agents, dispersants, wetting agents, drift reducing agents, auxiliaries, adjuvants, or a
mixture of any two or more thereof.
For example, the at least one carrier is selected from the group consisting of a filler
stimulant, an anti-caking agent, a wetting agent, an emulsifier, and an antioxidant, for example said
composition comprises at least one of each of a filler stimulant, an anti-caking agent, a wetting agent,
an emulsifier, and an antioxidant.
In one embodiment, said filler stimulant is a carbohydrate source, such as a disaccharide
including, for example, sucrose, an oligosaccharide including for example starch, fructose, glucose,
mannitol or dextrose.
In one embodiment, said anti-caking agent is selected from talc, silicon dioxide, calcium
silicate, or kaolin clay, said wetting agent is skimmed milk powder, or any commercially available
product such as Duwett™, or Latron™.
In one embodiment, said emulsifier is a soy-based emulsifier such as lecithin or a
vegetable- based emulsifier such as monodiglyceride.
In one embodiment, said antioxidant is sodium glutamate or citric acid or potassium
sorbate or an alcohol.
In one embodiment, solid carriers include but are not limited to mineral earths such as
silicic acids, silica gels, silicates, talc, kaolin, attapulgus clay, limestone, lime, chalk, bole, loess, clay,
bentonite, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, aluminas calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium
oxide, peat, ground plastics, fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium
nitrate, and ureas, and vegetable products such as grain meals, bark meal, wood meal, and nutshell
meal, cellulosic powders, seaweed powders, peat, talc, carbohydrates such as mono-saccharides and di-
saccharides, starch extracted from corn or potato or tapioca, chemically or physically altered corn
starch and the like. As solid carriers for granules the following are suitable: crushed or fractionated
natural rocks such as calcite, marble, pumice, sepiolite and dolomite; synthetic granules of inorganic or
organic meals; granules of organic material such as sawdust, coconut shells, corn cobs, corn husks or
tobacco stalks; kieselguhr, tricalcium phosphate, powdered cork, or absorbent carbon black; water
soluble polymers, resins, waxes; or solid fertilizers. Such solid compositions may, if desired, contain one
or more compatible wetting, dispersing, emulsifying or colouring agents which, when solid, may also
serve as a diluent.
In various embodiments, the carrier used during preparation of the compositions or
fertilisers described herein is a liquid, for example, water; alcohols, particularly butanol or glycol, as well
as their ethers or esters, particularly methylglycol acetate; ketones, particularly acetone,
cyclohexanone, methylethyl ketone, methylisobutylketone, or isophorone; petroleum fractions such as
paraffinic or aromatic hydrocarbons, particularly xylenes or alkyl naphthalenes; mineral or vegetable
oils; aliphatic chlorinated hydrocarbons, particularly trichloroethane or methylene chloride; aromatic
chlorinated hydrocarbons, particularly chlorobenzenes; water-soluble or strongly polar solvents such as
dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, or N-methylpyrrolidone; liquefied gases; or the like or a
mixture thereof.
In one embodiment surfactants include nonionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, cationic
surfactants and/or amphoteric surfactants. Said surfactants are typically used during preparation of the
compositions or fertilisers described herein.
Spreaders/stickers promote the ability of the compositions or fertilisers described herein to
adhere to surfaces, and/or the ability of the components of the granules of the invention to adhere to
one another during preparation. Examples of surfactants, spreaders/stickers include but are not limited
to Tween and Triton (Rhom and Hass Company), Fortune®, Pulse, C. Daxoil®, Codacide oil®, D-C. Tate®,
Supamet Oil, Bond®, Penetrant, Glowelt®, and Freeway, Citowett®, Fortune Plus™, Fortune Plus Lite,
Fruimec, Fruimec lite, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal and ammonium salts of aromatic sulfonic acids,
e.g., ligninsulfonic acid, phenolsulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid and dibutylnaphthalenesulfonic
acid, and of fatty acids, alkyl and alkylaryl sulfonates, and alkyl, lauryl ether and fatty alcohol sulfates,
and salts of sulfated hexadecanols, heptadecanols, and octadecanols, salts of fatty alcohol glycol ethers,
condensation products of sulfonated naphthalene and naphthalene derivatives with formaldehyde,
condensation products of naphthalene or naphthalenesulfonic acids with phenol and formaldehyde,
polyoxyethylene octylphenol ethers, ethoxylated isooctylphenol, ethoxylated octylphenol and
ethoxylated nonylphenol, alkylphenol polyglycol ethers, tributylphenyl polyglycol ethers, alkylaryl
polyether alcohols, isotridecyl alcohol, fatty alcohol ethylene oxide condensates, ethoxylated castor oil,
polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, ethoxylated polyoxypropylene, lauryl alcohol polyglycol ether acetal,
sorbitol esters, lignin-sulfite waste liquors and methyl cellulose. Where selected for inclusion, one or
more agricultural surfactants, such as Tween, are desirably included in the composition according to
known protocols.
In various embodiments wetting agents are used in the methods of preparation of the
compositions or fertilisers described herein. Examples of wetting agents include but are not limited to
salts of polyacrylic acids, salts of lignosulfonic acids, salts of phenolsulfonic or naphthalenesulfonic
acids, polycondensates of ethylene oxide with fatty alcohols or fatty acids or fatty esters or fatty
amines, substituted phenols (particularly alkylphenols or arylphenols), salts of sulfosuccinic acid esters,
taurine derivatives (particularly alkyltaurates), phosphoric esters of alcohols or of polycondensates of
ethylene oxide with phenols, esters of fatty acids with polyols, or sulfate, sulfonate or phosphate
functional derivatives of the above compounds.
The compositions or fertilisers described herein are in various embodiments formulated
with, and in other embodiments used in combination with one or more other agricultural agents,
including one or more pesticides, insecticides, acaracides, fungicides, bactericides, herbicides,
antibiotics, antiphytopathogenic microbials, nematicides, rodenticides, entomopathogens,
pheromones, attractants, plant growth regulators, plant hormones, insect growth regulators,
chemosterilants, phytopathogenic microbial pest control agents, repellents, viruses, phagostimulents,
plant nutrients, plant fertilisers and biological controls.
When used in combination with other agricultural agents the administration of the two
agents may be separate, simultaneous or sequential. Specific examples of these agricultural agents are
known to those skilled in the art, and many are readily commercially available.
Examples of plant nutrients include but are not limited to nitrogen, magnesium, calcium,
boron, potassium, copper, iron, phosphorus, sulphate, manganese, molybdenum, cobalt, boron,
copper, silicon, selenium, nickel, aluminium, chromium and zinc.
Examples of antibiotics include but are not limited to oxytetracyline and streptomycin.
Examples of fungicides include but are not limited to the following classes of fungicides:
carboxamides, benzimidazoles, triazoles, hydroxypyridines, dicarboxamides, phenylamides, thiadiazoles,
carbamates, cyano-oximes, cinnamic acid derivatives, morpholines, imidazoles, beta-methoxy acrylates
and pyridines/pyrimidines.
Further examples of fungicides include but are not limited to natural fungicides, organic
fungicides, sulphur-based fungicides, copper/calcium fungicides and elicitors of plant host defences.
Examples of natural fungicides include but are not limited to whole milk, whey, fatty acids
or esterified fatty acids.
Examples of organic fungicides include but are not limited to any fungicide which passes an
organic certification standard such as biocontrol agents, natural products, elicitors (some of may also be
classed as natural products), and sulphur and copper fungicides (limited to restricted use).
An example of a sulphur-based fungicide is Kumulus™ DF (BASF, Germany). An example of
a copper fungicide is Kocide® 2000 DF (Griffin Corporation, USA).
Examples of elicitors include but are not limited to chitosan, Bion™, BABA (DL--amino-n-
butanoic acid, β-aminobutyric acid), salicylic acid or its derivatives (e.g. Actigard, Syngenta) and
Milsana™ (Western Farm Service, Inc., USA).
In certain embodiments, non-organic fungicides may be employed. Examples of non-
organic fungicides include but are not limited to Bravo™ (for control of powdery mildew on cucurbits);
Supershield™ (Yates, NZ) (for control of Botrytis and powdery mildew on roses); Topas® EW (for control
of PM on grapes and cucurbits); Flint™ (for control of powdery mildew on apples and cucurbits);
Amistar® WG (for control of rust and powdery mildew on cereals); and Captan™, Dithane™, Euparen™,
Rovral™, Scala™, Shirlan™, Switch™ and Teldor™ (for control of Botrytis on grapes).
Examples of pesticides include but are not limited to azoxystrobin, bitertanol, carboxin,
CuO, copper hydroxide, copper sulphate, cymoxanil, cyproconazole, cyprodinil, dichlofluamid,
difenoconazole, diniconazole, epoxiconazole, fenpiclonil, fludioxonil, fluquiconazole, flusilazole,
flutriafol, furalaxyl, guazatin, hexaconazole, hymexazol, imazalil, imibenconazole, ipconazole, kresoxim-
methyl, lime sulphur, mancozeb, metalaxyl, R-metalaxyl, metconazole, oxadixyl, pefurazoate,
penconazole, pencycuron, prochloraz, propiconazole, pyroquilone, SSF-, spiroxamin, tebuconazole,
thiabendazole, tolifluamid, triazoxide, triadimefon, triadimenol, triflumizole, triticonazole and
uniconazole.
An example of a biological control agent is the BotryZen™ biological control agent
comprising Ulocladium oudemansii.
Certain embodiments of compositions or fertilisers described herein comprise one or more
carbohydrates, such as but not limited to molasses; one or more gums, such as but not limited to guar
gum, xanthan gum, locust bean gum, cassia gum, konjac flour, beta-glucan, tara gum, gum arabic, gellan
gum, carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, tragacanth gum, karaya
gum, gum acacia, chitosan, arabinoglactins, alginate, pectin, carrageenan, or psyllium; one or more
acids, particularly weak acids such as citric acid, sorbic acid, or sorbate, and other ingredients, such as
one or more algae, seaweed, or extracts thereof.
In various embodiments, the at least one additional agent is one or more trace elements,
one or more nitrification inhibitors, one or more urease inhibitors, one or more growth stimulants, one
or more microbes, or one or more other agriculturally acceptable agents, including agriculturally
acceptable agents typically used in an agricultural composition.
Specifically contemplated embodiments of compositions or fertilisers described herein
comprise trace elements, such as but not limited to manganese, magnesium, zinc, potassium, sodium,
cobalt, sulphur (which may conveniently be provided as a sulphate), molybdate, copper, selenium, and
iron (which may conveniently be provided as a chelate).
In various examples, the additional agent is a nitrification inhibitor. Nitrification inhibitors
are substances that slow or stop the conversion of soil ammonium to nitrate. Exemplary nitrification
inhibitors include N-2,5-dichlorophenyl succinamic acid, 2-chlorotrichloromethyl pyridine
(“Nitrapyrin”), dicyandiamide (“DCD or “DCDIN”, which is HN=C(NH2)-NH-CN), zinc ethylene-bis-
dithiocarbamate, 2,4,6-trichloroaniline, pentachlorophenol, thio-urea, ATS (ammonium thiosulphate),
and pyrazole derivatives, such as DMPP (3,4 dimethylpyrazol phosphate), 3-MP (3-methylpyrazole)
and/or DMP (3,4-dimethylpyrazole), including water soluble forms of pyrazole derivatives.
Urease inhibitors, typically used to inhibit the activity of soil urease, can be classified
according to their structure or function, and representative classes include sulphydryl reagents,
hydroxamates, agricultural crop protection chemicals, and structural analogues of urea and related
compounds, such as the organophosphorus inhibitors, particularly the phosphorodiamidates, the
phosphorotriamides and the triophosphorotriamides.
Exemplary urease inhibitors suitable for use in the present invention include N-(n-butyl)
thiophosphoric triamide (NBTPT or NBPT), cyclohexylphosphoric triamide (CHPT), cyclohexyl
thiophosphoric triamide (CHTPT), cyclohexyl phosphric triamide (CNPT), phenyl phosphorodiamidate
(PPDA), N-(n-butyl) phosphoric triamide (BNPO or NBPTO), thiophoshoryl triamide (TPT), phenyl
phosphorodiamidate (PPD/PPDA), phosphoric triamide (PT), hydroquinone (HQ), P-benzoquinone,
hexaamidocyclotriphosphazene (HACTP), thiophyridines, thiophyrimidines, thiophyridine-Noxides, NN-
dihaloimidazolidinone, and N-halooxazolidinone.
The invention consists in the foregoing and also envisages constructions of which the
following gives examples only and in no way limits the scope thereof.
EXAMPLES
Example One
This example describes a field trial in which pasture yield on an irrigated, high fertility dairy
pasture at Rakaia, Canterbury, New Zealand was assessed across three treatment groups: no fertiliser,
urea fertiliser only, and a composition comprising urea and humate comprising more than about 35%
humic acid.
Methods
The trial started in December and monthly production was measured until the following
May. In the first treatment group, urea at 30 Kg/Ha was applied to 32 plots each of 10 m , while urea at
Kg/Ha plus humate (also referred to herein as composition 1) was applied to a second treatment
group of 32 10 m plots. The control group comprised 32 10m plots to which no fertiliser was applied.
Application followed each grazing round on shallow and deep soil phases. The plots were arranged in
standard randomised block experimental design separated by 1 m buffer strips.
Results
Treatment with composition 1 gave the greatest increase in pasture yield on the shallow
soil phase, 37% higher than untreated pasture (see Figure 1). Urea gave a 25% average increase in yield
compared to untreated control (see Figure 1). Production on the deep soil phase was 35% higher than
on the shallow soil phase.
Example Two
This example describes a field trial in which pasture yield on an irrigated, high fertility dairy
pasture at Rakaia, Canterbury, New Zealand was assessed across four treatment groups: urea fertiliser
only, urea and 10% humate, urea and 20% humate, and composition 1 comprising urea and humate
comprising more than about 35% humic acid.
Methods
In the first treatment group, urea at 30 Kg/Ha was applied to 32 plots each of 10 m , while
urea at 30 Kg/Ha plus 10% w/w humate was applied to a second treatment group of 32 10 m plots.
Urea at 30 Kg/Ha plus 20% w/w humate was applied to a third treatment group of 32 10 m plots.
Composition 1 (comprising urea at 30 Kg/Ha plus 10% w/w humate plus 10% w/w lime) was applied to a
fourth treatment group of 32 10 m plots. Application followed each grazing round on shallow and deep
soil phases. Fertilisers were applied in December and in January, and pasture production was assessed
in March by weighing after double cutting each 10 m plot. The plots were arranged in standard
randomised block experimental design separated by 1 m buffer strips.
Results
Urea only increased pasture production by 15% on a shallow soil and decreased yield by 7%
on a deep soil. Humate addition increased production by 36% on the shallow soil phases and by 7% on
the deep soil phase. Humate addition consistently increased summer production (January – March)
resulting in an average increase of 14% on the shallow soil phase and 21% on the deep soil phase,
compared to urea alone.
The increase in production, scaled relative to the yield with 30 kg/ha of urea only, is shown
in Figure 2. Production response of the deep soil phase is shown in Figure 2.1, while that of the shallow
soil phase is shown in Figure 2.2.
Soil phase had a large effect on pasture yield. Production was increased by 105% on the
deep soil phase compared to the shallow soil phase (see Figure 3), averaged across all fertiliser
applications.
Discussion
These results show that the addition of high humic acid humates to urea increased pasture
growth and the efficiency of nitrogen usage. Without wishing to be bound by any theory, applicants
believe that the increased effectiveness compared with urea only could be due to minimizing
volatilisation losses or by increasing nutrient supply through enhanced soil microbial activity. The
response to humate is consistent with results from similar trials in other locations across Canterbury,
Central Otago, Wanaka and Southland (data not shown).
Nitrogen deficiency is a major factor limiting pasture production throughout many
countries including New Zealand, so the performance of N supplying fertilisers is of considerable
interest to farmers given current concerns regarding nutrient leaching and regulatory N capping. It is
expected that increased efficiency could increase profitability, decrease N application rates, and
potential or N leaching.
Example Three
The effect of humate and fertiliser application on pasture production and soil microbiota
was measured in a field trial near Mataura, Southland, over a three year period. Monthly or bimonthly
application of urea or urea plus humate increased pasture production.
Methods
Treatment groups were as described in Example 1 above.
Preliminary microscopy assessments in season 1 indicated that soil microbial activity may
be affected by fertiliser treatment. To further examine a possible humate effect on soil microbiology,
topsoils (0 - 7.5 cm depth) in the forty plots in trial were sampled in January of season 3 and sent to
Lincoln University for DNA extraction to measure fungal and bacterial composition.
After DNA extraction, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was used for
separating DNA fragments to determine species diversity and biomass. Phoretix 1D Pro and Primer
ver.7.0.5 software was used for DNA band measurement. Individual DNA electrophoresis bands usually
correspond to individual species of bacteria or fungi, thus providing an assessment of microbial
biodiversity. DNA sequences specific to bacteria with nitrogen fixation capability, the
gammaproteobacteria, were independently analysed.
The similarity of microbial composition in plots was assessed by multivariate analysis using
hierarchical cluster analysis in the pvclust routine in the statistics package R. This indentified groups by
similarity profiling and determined the statistical probability of difference between groups by repeat
random multiscale resampling (bootstrap resampling, 10,000 resamples). Pvclust generated two
probability p-values estimates: AU values are approximately unbiased and BP values are those
calculated by normal bootstrap resampling. AU values provide a better approximation to unbiased P
values (Suzuki, R and Shimoda, H. 2014. An R package for hierarchical clustering with p-values.
www.sigmath.es.osaka-U.ac.jp/shimo-lab/prog/pvclust).
Results
Trials over the first season demonstrated a 22% average increase in pasture production
compared with urea (see Figure 4.1), consistent with a 28% increase in an equivalent trial in Otago (data
not shown). As shown in Figures 4.2 and 4.3, this improvement in pasture yield compared to urea alone
was consistently observed over subsequent seasons. Marked improvement in pasture yield compared
to non-treated control groups were observed in each season (Figures 4.1, 4.2, and 4.3).
Total nitrogen (N) leached in winter was 143% greater with the urea than with unfertilised
pasture (see Figure 5). Leaching under composition 1 was increased by 52% over that of untreated
pasture (Figure 5).
Preliminary microscopy assessments in season 1 indicated that soil microbial activity may
be affected by fertiliser treatment. Active bacterial and fungal biomass was between 20% - 359%
greater in plots to which humate + urea-comprising fertiliser composition was applied, compared to
unfertilized (control) plots. Application of humate + urea-comprising fertiliser composition increased
active fungal biomass by 135% compared to urea alone (P < 0.09).
DNA electrophoresis separation showed 59 taxa3 of bacteria, 53 gammaproteobacteria
and 65 fungal taxa. The relationship between fertiliser application and soil microbial populations is
shown in cluster analysis plot diagrams (Figures 6-8). In these graphs groups become progressively more
similar towards the bottom of the graph (lower height values) and the probability values AU (red) and
BP (green) are shown for each classification. Higher values indicate strong differentiation between the
groups, and those greater than 95% are statistically unlikely to have arisen by chance.
Bacterial composition
Bacterial populations in the unfertilised plots are shown to be the most dissimilar from all
the other populations and separate from all fertilised plots (Figure 6).
Plots where urea with 20% humate was applied then separate from the remaining plots.
Urea fertilised plots then separate from plots with humate added. P values indicate weaker
differentiation and the more overlap between the urea / urea+20% humate groups (probability
estimate 66%) than between urea and the urea + 10% humate groups (88%).
Gammaproteobacteria composition
Gammaproteobacteria (see Figure 7) followed an identical response to fertilisers as fungi
but with stronger differentiation between groups. The separation between urea and the urea+ humate
plots was statistically significant (p< 0.01, AU 99%) as was the distinction between urea + 10% humate
and the remaining groups (P<0.05, AU 96%).
Fungal composition
Soil fungal community composition was similar to bacteria and gammaproteobacteria, also
most different between fertilised and unfertilised plots (see Figure 8). Fungal communities under
pasture with urea application were then differentiated from those under the urea plus humate
applications (AU 75%). Plots with guano then separated from urea + humate plots (AU 100%, p< 0.01).
The differences in the cluster analysis are due to specific increases in particular microbial
taxa with each fertiliser application as fertiliser application did not greatly affect the total number of
bacterial and gammaproteobacterial groups present, ranging between - 9% less or 7% more than
untreated pasture (Figure 9). In contrast, fertiliser application increased the number of fungal groups by
up to 92% with urea application (Figure 9; p < 0.08).
Discussion
The results presented show that fertiliser application did not significantly alter the number
of bacterial or gammaproteobacterial taxa present but significantly altered soil microbial composition
(p< 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that unfertilised and fertilised pasture differed most in bacterial,
gammaproteobacteria and fungal populations.
Humate addition to urea was the second strongest differentiating factor for microbial
populations. Fertiliser composition, believed (without wishing to be bound by any theory) to be due to
the presence or absence of phosphorous, was frequently the least differentiating factor.
Two seasons of fertiliser application significantly altered soil microbiological communities.
The primary difference observed was between unfertilised and the urea fertiliser combinations
supplying nitrogen. Both fungal and bacterial populations changed as a direct response to fertiliser
application, with fungi in particular increasing with urea application.
Application of high humic acid humate in conjunction with urea, rather than differences in
fertiliser composition, was responsible for the second level of differentiation in microbial biodiversity.
These results show that humate application in accordance with the methods and
compositions described herein changes soil microbiological composition.
Example Four
This example presents compositional analyses of representative high-humic acid humates
suitable for use as described herein.
Table 1 below shows the humic acid, fulvic acid, and carbon composition of a high humic
acid humate particularly contemplated for use herein (Sample 1), compared to two low humic acid
reference humates (Sample 2 and Sample 3, Humate Solutions, Te Puke, New Zealand).
Table 1 - Humic Fulvic Analysis.
Sample Humic Acid Fulvic Acid Total Carbon CEC
% % % Meq/100g
Sample 1 36.63 0.06 44.87 104.9
Sample 2 26.32 0.07 43.23 99.0
Sample 3 14.84 0.06 41.52 138.3
Compositional analysis was performed at an analytical laboratory, in accordance with
established methods for determining humic acid and fulvic acid concentration (as described in
“Separation and Analysis of Humic Acid (HA) and Fulvic Acid (FA).” J.M Verploegh, and L.A. Brandvold),
total carbon % was determined according to AOAC Official Method 993.13, and cation exchange
capacity (CEC) was determined according to Methods of Analysis for Soils Plants and Waters. Chapman
and Pratt (1961) p.35.
Table 2 below shows a comprehensive compositional analysis of different fractions of a
high humic acid humate particularly contemplated for use herein.
Table 2. Compositional analysis
Analysis Fines Top Bottom Comp Unit
FA 2.03 0.94 1.10 1.05 %
HA 32.74 27.17 38.12 10.4 %
Ag < 0.5 < 0.5 1.1 < 0.5 ppm
Al 0.25 0.07 0.14 0.80 %
As < 1 6 < 1 2 ppm
B 137 43 110 206 ppm
Ba 25 18 27 35 ppm
Bi 3 3 4 1
Ca 0.82 0.84 0.81 0.45 %
Cd 1 1 1 < 1 ppm
Cl 0.06 0.04 0.04 0.02 %
Co 2 2 1 5 ppm
Cr 1 < 1 < 1 1 ppm
Cu 2 1 2 4 ppm
Fe 1.01 0.72 1.01 0.37 %
Hg 26 23 31 67 ppb
K 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.03 %
La 1 2 < 1 3 ppm
Mg 0.29 0.40 0.31 0.13 %
Mn 225 155 240 43 ppm
Mo < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 ppm
N 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.2 %
Na 0.11 0.04 0.04 0.04 %
Ni 1.1 4.3 1.5 1.8 ppm
P < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.02 %
Pb 2 1 1 2 ppm
S < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 %
Sb 1 < 1 1 < 1 ppm
Se 0.6 0.8 0.5 2.1 ppm
Si 0.81 0.07 0.18 0.78 %
111 119 111 190 Ppm
Th 8 6 9 3 Ppm
Ti 0.01 < 0.01 0.01 0.03 %
U < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 ppm
V 4 1 2 6 ppm
W < 1 < 1 < 1 1 ppm
Zn 13 4 1 14 ppm
Zr 3 1 3 8 ppm
pH 4.8 4.7 5.5 4.4 -
CEC 72 78 69 37 meq/100g
Ash 8.2 6.6 6.2 6.4 %
Moisture 49.7 51.8 49.6 14.6 %
Humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) results were determined using the HPTA standardized
test method (Humic Products Trade Association,
http://www.aapfco.org/presentations/2015/2015_MF_analysis_humic_substances_hpta.pdf).
All metal and trace element results were analysed using the ICP and ultimate methods.
Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) results calculated as the sum of calcium, magnesium, hydrogen,
potassium, and sodium, in meq/100 g, and pH results were analysed at 1:1 water: sample ratio. Ash
results were completed at 600 °C, and moisture results were completed at 105 °C. Fulvic acid, humic
acid, metal, trace element, and ash results were analysed on a dry matter basis.
Table 3 below shows compositional analyses of a high humic acid humate particularly
contemplated for use herein, performed under different drying conditions.
Table 3. Analysis at different drying conditions
Analysis - As Received Basis Method %
Moisture ISO 5068 50.1
Total Humates ISO 5073 30.3
Carbon ASTM 5373 31.9
Hydrogen ASTM 5373 2.23
Nitrogen ASTM 5373 0.28
Analysis - Air Dried Basis Moisture
ISO 11722 50.1
Total Humates ISO 5073 30.3
Carbon ASTM 5373 31.9
Hydrogen ASTM 5373 2.23
Nitrogen ASTM 5373 0.28
Analysis - Dry Basis
Total Humates ISO 5073 60.8
Carbon ASTM 5373 63.9
Hydrogen ASTM 5373 4.47
Nitrogen ASTM 5373 0.57
Where in the foregoing description reference has been made to integers or components
having known equivalents thereof, those integers are herein incorporated as if individually set forth.
It should be noted that various changes and modifications to the presently preferred
embodiments described herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Such changes and
modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and without
diminishing its attendant advantages. It is therefore intended that such changes and modifications be
included within the present invention.
The invention may also be said broadly to consist in the parts, elements and features
referred to or indicated in the specification of the application, individually or collectively, in any or all
combinations of two or more of said parts, elements or features.
Aspects of the present invention have been described by way of example only and it should
be appreciated that modifications and additions may be made thereto without departing from the
scope thereof.
Claims (31)
1. A method of providing one or more nutrients to a plant or a substrate in which a plant is or is to be planted, the method comprising applying to the plant or the substrate a) a humate or a composition comprising a humate, and b) a fertilizer comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of urea, wherein the humate or composition comprising a humate is applied at a rate of more than about 5% w/w of humate to urea.
2. A method of enhancing plant growth, the method comprising applying to a plant or a locus at which a plant is or is to be planted a) a humate or a composition comprising a humate, and b) a fertilizer comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of urea, wherein the humate or composition comprising a humate is applied at a rate of more than about 5% w/w of humate to urea.
3. A method of enhancing plant growth, the method comprising applying to a plant or a locus at which a plant is or is to be planted a) a humate or a composition comprising a humate, and b) a fertilizer comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of urea, wherein the humate or composition comprising a humate is applied at a rate of more than about 5% w/w of humate to urea.
4. A method of enhancing soil condition, the method comprising applying to the soil a) a humate or a composition comprising a humate, and b) a fertilizer comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of urea, wherein the humate or composition comprising a humate is applied at a rate of more than about 5% w/w of humate to urea, and where the enhancement in soil condition comprises an increase in soil microbial population and/or an increase in soil microbial biodiversity.
5. A method of improving plant health, production, or nutritional, environmental or economic value, or of improving the productive capacity or the nutritional, environmental or economic value of a locus where a plant is or is to be planted, the method comprising applying to the plant or the locus a) a humate or a composition comprising a humate, and b) a fertilizer comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of urea, wherein the humate or composition comprising a humate is applied at a rate of more than about 5% w/w of humate to urea.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the improvement is an improvement in yield.
7. The method of claim 5 wherein the plant is a crop plant, and the improvement is an improvement in crop yield.
8. The method of claim 5 wherein the improvement is a reduction in nitrogen leaching at the locus.
9. The method of claim 5 wherein the improvement is an increase in soil microbial population.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein the increase in soil microbial population is an increase in total soil bacterial population.
11. The method of claim 9 wherein the increase in soil microbial population is an increase in total soil gammaproteobacterial population.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein the improvement is an increase in soil microbial biodiversity.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein the increase in soil microbial biodiversity is an increase in fungal biodiversity.
14. A method of treating the soil of pastoral land, the method comprising applying to the soil a) a humate or a composition comprising a humate, and b) a fertilizer comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of urea, wherein the humate or composition comprising a humate is applied at a rate of more than about 5% w/w of humate to urea.
15. A method of providing one or more nutrients to a plant or a substrate in which a plant is or is to be planted, a method of enhancing plant growth, a method of enhancing soil condition, a method of improving plant health, production, or nutritional, environmental or economic value, or of improving the productive capacity or the nutritional, environmental or economic value of a locus where a plant is or is to be planted, a method of treating the soil of pastoral land, the method comprising applying to the plant or the substrate a) a humate or a composition comprising a humate, and b) a fertilizer, wherein the humate or composition comprising a humate is applied at a rate of more than about 5% w/w of humate to fertiliser.
16. The method of any one of claims 1 to 15 wherein the humate or composition comprising a humate is applied at a rate of from about 5% w/w to about 30% w/w of humate to urea.
17. A method of providing one or more nutrients to a plant or a substrate in which a plant is or is to be planted, a method of enhancing plant growth, a method of enhancing soil condition, a method of improving plant health, production, or nutritional, environmental or economic value, or of improving the productive capacity or the nutritional, environmental or economic value of a locus where a plant is or is to be planted, a method of treating the soil of pastoral land, the method comprising applying to the plant or the substrate a) a humate or a composition comprising a humate, and b) a fertilizer, wherein the humate comprises more than about 25% w/w humic acid.
18. The method of claim 17 wherein the humate comprises more than about 30% w/w humic acid, for example, the humate comprises more than about 35% w/w humic acid.
19. The method of claim 17 wherein the humate comprises more than about 25% w/w humic acid and the humate or composition comprising a humate is applied at a rate of from about 5% w/w to about 30% w/w of humate to fertiliser.
20. A method of providing one or more nutrients to a plant or a substrate in which a plant is or is to be planted, a method of enhancing plant growth, a method of enhancing soil condition, a method of improving plant health, production, or nutritional, environmental or economic value, or of improving the productive capacity or the nutritional, environmental or economic value of a locus where a plant is or is to be planted, a method of treating the soil of pastoral land, the method comprising applying to the plant or the substrate a humate or a composition comprising a humate, wherein the humate comprises more than about 25% w/w humic acid.
21. A method of providing one or more nutrients to a plant or a substrate in which a plant is or is to be planted, a method of enhancing plant growth, a method of enhancing soil condition, a method of improving plant health, production, or nutritional, environmental or economic value, or of improving the productive capacity or the nutritional, environmental or economic value of a locus where a plant is or is to be planted, a method of treating the soil of pastoral land, the method comprising a) providing a humate determined to have a humic acid content of greater than about 25% w/w, and b) applying to the plant or the substrate the humate having a humic acid content of greater than about 25% w/w or a composition comprising the humate having a humic acid content of greater than about 25% w/w, optionally together with a fertiliser.
22. A method of providing one or more nutrients to a plant or a substrate in which a plant is or is to be planted, a method of enhancing plant growth, a method of enhancing soil condition, a method of improving plant health, production, or nutritional, environmental or economic value, or of improving the productive capacity or the nutritional, environmental or economic value of a locus where a plant is or is to be planted, a method of treating the soil of pastoral land, the method comprising a) determining the humic acid content of a sample from a humate, and b) selecting humate having a humic acid content of greater than about 25% w/w, and c) applying to the plant or the substrate the humate having a humic acid content of greater than about 25% w/w or a composition comprising the humate having a humic acid content of greater than about 25% w/w, optionally together with a fertiliser.
23. The method of any one of claims 20 to 22 wherein the humate comprises more than about 30% w/w humic acid, for example, the humate comprises more than about 35% w/w humic acid.
24. The method of any one of claims 20 to 23 wherein the method of treating the soil of pastoral land is a method of treating the soil of pastoral land to increase pasture production.
25. The method of any one of claims 20 to 23 wherein the method of treating the soil of pastoral land is a method of treating the soil of pastoral land to increase soil microbial population and/or increase soil microbial biodiversity.
26. The method of any one of claims 1 to 25 wherein the plant is a pasture grass, such as fescue, ryegrass, cocksfoot, or bluegrass, a clover, or a grain such as wheat, maize, rice, rye, oat, or barley.
27. The method of any one of claims 1 to 26 the plant is a crop plant.
28. The method of any one of claims 1 to 27 wherein when used, the composition comprising a humate and/or the fertiliser comprises one or more agriculturally acceptable carriers and/or one or more additional agents.
29. An agriculturally acceptable composition comprising a) at least about 5% w/w humate, b) at least about 5% w/w lime, and/or c) at least about 70% w/w urea, and/or d) each of a) to c) above, e) and optionally an agriculturally acceptable carrier.
30. The composition of claim 29 comprising at least about 10% w/w humate, at least about 15% w/w humate, at least about 20% w/w humate, or more than about 20% w/w humate.
31. The composition of claim 29 comprising about 10% w/w humate, about 10% w/w lime, and about 80% w/w urea.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NZ743933A NZ743933A (en) | 2017-06-30 | 2017-06-30 | Fertilizer Compositions and uses thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NZ743933A NZ743933A (en) | 2017-06-30 | 2017-06-30 | Fertilizer Compositions and uses thereof |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NZ743933A true NZ743933A (en) | 2021-10-29 |
Family
ID=80053543
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NZ743933A NZ743933A (en) | 2017-06-30 | 2017-06-30 | Fertilizer Compositions and uses thereof |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
NZ (1) | NZ743933A (en) |
-
2017
- 2017-06-30 NZ NZ743933A patent/NZ743933A/en unknown
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO2016186526A1 (en) | Fertiliser composition | |
Hungria et al. | Inoculant preparation, production and application | |
US20170144945A1 (en) | Fertiliser composition | |
CN102612503B (en) | Ru 2006101161 and method | |
Wang et al. | Contribution of AM inoculation and cattle manure to lead and cadmium phytoremediation by tobacco plants | |
WO2015075676A1 (en) | Fertiliser composition | |
Öğüt et al. | Single and double inoculation with Azospirillum/Trichoderma: the effects on dry bean and wheat | |
Gad | Increasing the efficiency of nitrogen fertilization through cobalt application to pea plant | |
Barbosa et al. | Effects of micronutrients application on soybean yield | |
US20230357099A1 (en) | Pyrazolo [3,4-b] pyridine-4-carboxamide nitrification inhibitor | |
CN102388888B (en) | Sterilization composite containing coumoxystrobin and fludioxonil | |
CN109279956A (en) | Fertilizer composition containing amino-oligosaccharide and sulfuric acid K-Mg-Ca | |
Ali et al. | Response of wheat plants to potassium humate application | |
CN104396411A (en) | Integrated application method for potato fertilizer | |
Zaki et al. | Application of phosphate dissolving bacteria for improving growth and productivity of two sweet pepper (capsicum annuum L.) cultivars under newly reclaimed soil | |
CN110194705A (en) | A kind of diammonium phosphate compound fertilizer and the preparation method and application thereof | |
NZ743933B2 (en) | Fertilizer Compositions and uses thereof | |
NZ743933A (en) | Fertilizer Compositions and uses thereof | |
El-Etr et al. | Improving phosphorus use effeciency and its effect on the productivity of some crops | |
AU2014385789B2 (en) | Phosphorus zinc manganese fertilizer | |
NZ744413B2 (en) | Fertiliser composition | |
Biberdžić et al. | Influence of mineral fertilizers and zeolites application on the yield of some wheat varieties | |
Riley et al. | A small increase in the concentration of phosphorus in the sown seed increased the early growth of wheat | |
Khalil et al. | Effect of bacillus circulans and azotobacter chroococcum inoculation on potato roduction in presence of different mineral potassium sources | |
Mhara et al. | Effects of salinity and basalt powder “Farina di BasaltoŪ” interaction on seedlings of a white lupin variety |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PSEA | Patent sealed | ||
RENW | Renewal (renewal fees accepted) |
Free format text: PATENT RENEWED FOR 1 YEAR UNTIL 28 JUN 2023 BY JAMES + WELLS Effective date: 20220603 |
|
RENW | Renewal (renewal fees accepted) |
Free format text: PATENT RENEWED FOR 1 YEAR UNTIL 28 JUN 2024 BY JAMES + WELLS Effective date: 20230622 |