NZ740683B - Locatable slab assembly - Google Patents
Locatable slab assemblyInfo
- Publication number
- NZ740683B NZ740683B NZ740683A NZ74068318A NZ740683B NZ 740683 B NZ740683 B NZ 740683B NZ 740683 A NZ740683 A NZ 740683A NZ 74068318 A NZ74068318 A NZ 74068318A NZ 740683 B NZ740683 B NZ 740683B
- Authority
- NZ
- New Zealand
- Prior art keywords
- locatable
- manhole cover
- slab assembly
- slab
- pavement
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000001681 protective Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010039203 Road traffic accident Diseases 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002372 labelling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
Abstract
the past, a manhole cover on the ground surface may not be flush with the road surface, which may result in traffic accidents. To solve such problem, a locatable slab assembly (2) for overlying a manhole cover (41) located beneath a lowermost surface of a pavement (44) is provided, by which the manhole cover (41) located beneath the pavement (44) can be precisely located. The locatable slab assembly (2) includes a slab body (20), a tubular member (22), a protective plug (24), and an electronic marker (25). The slab body (20) is deposed to permit a central line (C2) of the slab body (20) in line with a center line (C1) of the manhole cover (41). The electronic marker (25) is configured to permit a region (45) of the pavement (44) in alignment with the center line (C1) of the manhole cover (41) to be located. The locatable slab assembly (2) together with the pavement (44) thereon can be lifted to permit access of the manhole cover (41). anhole cover (41) located beneath the pavement (44) can be precisely located. The locatable slab assembly (2) includes a slab body (20), a tubular member (22), a protective plug (24), and an electronic marker (25). The slab body (20) is deposed to permit a central line (C2) of the slab body (20) in line with a center line (C1) of the manhole cover (41). The electronic marker (25) is configured to permit a region (45) of the pavement (44) in alignment with the center line (C1) of the manhole cover (41) to be located. The locatable slab assembly (2) together with the pavement (44) thereon can be lifted to permit access of the manhole cover (41).
Description
LOCATABLE SLAB ASSEMBLY
FIELD
The disclosure relates generally to a locatable slab
assembly, more particularly to a locatable slab assembly
by which a manhole cover located beneath a pavement can
be precisely located.
BACKGROUND
As shown in Fig. 1, a manhole 12 is closed by a manhole
cover 11 on the ground surface. Sometimes, the ground
surface will be further paved with asphalt. In this case,
as the manhole cover 11 may not be flush with the road
surface, either road bump or depression would be formed.
Traffic accidents may thus occur.
To solve this problem, as shown in Fig. 2, a manhole
opening 12A is arranged at a depth (about 25 cm to 30
cm) beneath the ground surface, and a pavement 13 is
paved on the manhole cover 11. In this case, to access
to the manhole 12, it is necessary to locate the manhole
cover 11. Taiwanese patent no. I398567 discloses a
method for locating a manhole cover using a metal
detector.
Taiwanese utility module patent no. M507942
discloses another method for locating a manhole cover.
Two radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags are
disposed diagonally opposite to each other on the
manhole cover. A center of the manhole cover beneath the
ground surface may be determined using the two RFID tags.
SUMMARY
An object of the disclosure is to provide a novel
locatable slab assembly, by which a manhole cover
located beneath a pavement can be precisely located.
According to the disclosure, a locatable slab
assembly is used for overlying a manhole cover which is
located beneath a lowermost surface of a pavement, and
which defines a center line. The locatable slab assembly
is liftable by a lifting device which has a gripped head
and a connected end segment that is opposite to the
gripped head and that has an outer threaded surface. The
locatable slab assembly includes a slab body, a tubular
member, a protective plug, and an electronic marker. The
slab body is configured to fully overlie the manhole
cover, and defines a central line in line with the center
line. The slab body has an upward surface, a downward
surface, a cavity, and a bore. The cavity extends
downwardly from the upward surface along the central
line to terminate at a cavity bottom. The bore extends
downwardly from the cavity bottom along the central line.
The tubular member is fitted in the bore, and has an inner
threaded region which surrounds the central line, and
which defines a lower chamber extending to be in spatial
communication with the cavity along the central line.
The inner threaded region is configured to be brought
into threaded engagement with the outer threaded surface,
so as to permit the locatable slab assembly to be lifted
by the lifting device. The protective plug has an
enlarged head and a plug body which is configured to be
inserted into the cavity to permit the enlarged head to
be disposed outwardly of the slab body. The plug body
is formed with an upper chamber extending to be in
spatial communication with the lower chamber along the
central line. The electronic marker has an upper segment
disposed in the upper chamber and a lower segment
disposed in the lower chamber. The electronic marker is
configured to permit a region of the pavement in
alignment with the center line of the manhole cover to
be located.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Other features and advantages of the disclosure will
become apparent in the following detailed description
of the embodiment with reference to the accompanying
drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross sectional view
illustrating a manhole cover on the ground surface;
Fig. 2 is a schematic cross sectional view
illustrating a manhole cover located beneath the ground
surface;
Fig. 3 is an exploded perspective view of a locatable
slab assembly according to an embodiment of the
disclosure, in which a slab body and binding wires are
omitted;
Fig. 4 is a top view illustrating steel bars in a slab
body of the locatable slab assembly in which a protective
plug is omitted;
Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the locatable slab
assembly;
Fig. 6 is a flow chart showing a method for installing
the locatable slab assembly;
Fig. 7 is a schematic view illustrating a step of
reconstructing a manhole opening to be located beneath
the ground level;
Fig. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view
illustrating the locatable slab assembly disposed to
overlie a manhole cover;
Fig. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view
illustrating that the locatable slab assembly and the
manhole cover are located beneath a pavement;
Fig. 10 is a flow chart showing a method for assessing
to the manhole cover using the locatable slab assembly;
Fig. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view
illustrating a region of the pavement to be located and
removed;
Fig. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view
illustrating a periphery of the manhole cover to be
determined using a template;
Fig. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view
illustrating that the pavement and the locatable slab
assembly are cut along a cutting line;
Fig. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view
illustrating that the pavement and the locatable slab
assembly are lifted using a lifting device to form an
accessing opening for accessing to the manhole cover;
and
Fig. 15 is a schematic cross-sectional view
illustrating that the cutout portions of the pavement
and the locatable slab assembly are refilled in the
accessing opening.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
It is to be understood that, if any prior art
publication is referred to herein, such reference does
not constitute an admission that the publication forms
a part of the common general knowledge in the art, in
New Zealand or any other country.
For the purpose of this specification, it will be
clearly understood that the word “comprising” means
“including but not limited to”, and that the words
“comprises,” “contain” and variants thereof have a
corresponding meaning.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical and
scientific terms used herein have the meaning commonly
understood by a person skilled in the art to which this
disclosure belongs. One skilled in the art will
recognize many methods and materials similar or
equivalent to those described herein, which could be
used in the practice of this disclosure. Indeed, this
disclosure is in no way limited to the methods and
materials described. For clarity, the following
definitions are used herein.
With reference to Figs. 3 to 5, a locatable slab
assembly 2 according to an embodiment of the disclosure
is shown to include a slab body 20, a tubular member 22,
a protective plug 24, and an electronic marker 25. The
locatable slab assembly 2 is used for overlying a manhole
cover 41 (see Fig. 8). The manhole cover 41 is located
beneath a lowermost surface of a pavement 44 (see Fig.
9), and defines a center line (C1). The locatable slab
assembly 2 is liftable by a lifting device 64 (see Fig.
14). The lifting device 64 has a gripped head 641 and
a connected end segment 642 that is opposite to the
gripped head 641 and that has an outer threaded surface
643, for example, with the dimension M32.
Referring back to Figs. 5 and 8, it can be observed
that the slab body 20 is configured to fully overlie the
manhole cover 41 and defines a central line (C2) in line
with the center line (C1). The slab body 20 has an upward
surface 202, a downward surface 203, a cavity 204, and
a bore 206. The cavity 204 extends downwardly from the
upward surface 202 along the central line (C2) to
terminate at a cavity bottom 205. The bore 206 extends
downwardly from the cavity bottom 205 along the central
line (C2).
In this embodiment, referring to Figs. 4 and 5, it
can be observed that the slab body 20 is of a steel
reinforced concrete structure. The steel reinforced
concrete structure of the slab body 20 is configured to
simulate the contour of the manhole cover 41, and may
have a predetermined dimension, e.g., 1400mm x 1400mm
x 150mm. In the steel reinforced concrete structure, a
plurality of steel bars 201 are arranged into a grid
pattern. As shown in Fig. 4, for example, eight of the
steel bars 201 are arranged in a longitudinal direction,
and eight of the steel bars 201 are arranged in a
direction transverse to the longitudinal direction.
The tubular member 22 is fitted in the bore 206 (see
Fig. 5), and has an inner threaded region 223 which
surrounds the central line (C2), and which defines a
lower chamber 221 extending to be in spatial
communication with the cavity 204 along the central line
(C2) (see Figs. 3 and 5). The inner threaded region 223
has a dimension, for example, M32, and is configured to
be brought into threaded engagement with the outer
threaded surface 643 of the lifting device 64, so as to
permit the locatable slab assembly 2 to be lifted by the
lifting device 64 (see Fig. 14). In this embodiment, the
tubular member 22 is made of a metal material.
The protective plug 24 has an enlarged head 243 and
a plug body 244. The plug body 244 is configured to be
inserted into the cavity 204 to permit the enlarged head
243 to be disposed outwardly of the slab body 20. The
plug body 244 is formed with an upper chamber 242
extending to be in spatial communication with the lower
chamber 221 along the central line (C2).
In this embodiment, the protective plug 24 is made
of a plastic material, and is tapered from top to bottom.
The protective plug 24 has, for example, a height of 80
mm, a maximum outer diameter of 100 mm, and a minimum
outer diameter of 80 mm. The inner chamber 242 has an
inner diameter of for example 20 mm, and a height of for
example 50 mm. The enlarged head 243 has a height of for
example 20 mm. The protective plug 24 has a recess 241
with a dimension, e.g., 50.8mm x 50.8mm x 15 mm. The
recess 241 is in spatial communication with the upper
chamber 242 along the central line (C2), and is
configured to permit a top segment of the tubular member
22 to be received therein when the protective plug 24
is inserted into the cavity 204 (see Fig. 5).
The electronic marker 25 has an upper segment 251 and
a lower segment 252. The upper segment 251 has a length
of for example 46 mm, and is disposed in the upper chamber
242. The lower segment 252 has a length of for example
mm, and is disposed in the lower chamber 221. The
electronic marker 25 is configured to permit a region
45 of the pavement 44 in alignment with the center line
(C1) of the manhole cover 41 to be located (see Fig. 11).
Because the lower segment 252 of the electronic marker
is disposed in the tubular member 22 made of metal,
and because the upper segment 251 of the electronic
marker 25 is disposed in the protective plug 24 made of
plastic, the signal from the electronic marker 25 can
be transmitted upwardly and is less likely to diverge
so as to permit the region 45 of the pavement 44 in
alignment with the center line (C1) of the manhole cover
41 to be precisely located.
The electronic marker 25 may be active or passive
markers. In this embodiment, the electronic marker 25
is a radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag, and can
generate a specific electromagnetic signal in response
to an electromagnetic signal of a specific resonate
frequency (for example, 13.56 MHz) from an REID reader.
It should be noted that although the electronic marker
25 shown in figures are in the form of cylinder, the
electronic marker 25 is actually in a corn-shape and is
tapered from bottom to top for facilitating signal
transmission.
In this embodiment, the locatable slab assembly 2
further includes a post member 220 and a flange member
As shown in Fig. 5, the post member 220 extends
downward from the tubular member 22 to be embedded in
the slab body 20. The tubular member 22 and the post
member 220 are integrally formed into a body with
dimension, for example, 50mm x 50 mm x 104 mm. The body
including the tubular member 22 and the post member 220
is made of a metal material, and has an upper portion
disposed upwardly of the flange member 21 by for example
34 mm, and a lower portion disposed downwardly of the
flange member 21 by for example 60 mm. The lower chamber
221 may have a depth of for example 60 mm.
The flange member 21 extends radially from a juncture
between the post member 220 and the tubular member 22
to be embedded in the slab body 20 for reinforcement of
the tubular member 22. The flange member 21 may have a
dimension of for example 200mm x 200mm x 10mm.
In this embodiment, as shown in Figs. 3 and 4, the
flange member 21 has four through holes 212 at its
corners, and is secured to innermost bars segments 207
of the steel bars 201 relative to the central line (C2)
using four binding wires 26. Each of the through holes
212 may have a dimension of for example 12 mm. Two
adjacent parallel ones of the steel bars, other than the
innermost ones of the steel bars 201, are spaced apart
from each other by a gap of for example 150 mm.
In this embodiment, as shown in Fig. 3, the locatable
slab assembly 2 further includes a tubular bolt 23 which
has a bolt head 233, an inner surface 234, and an outer
bolt threaded surface 231, and which is detachably
secured to the tubular member 22. The tubular bolt 23
may have a height of for example 40 mm. The bolt head
233 may have an outer diameter of for example 46 mm.
The inner surface 234 defines an inner space 230 which
is configured to accommodate the lower segment 252 of
the electronic marker 25 when the tubular bolt 23 is
secured to the tubular member 22, and which may have a
depth of for example 30 mm and an inner diameter of for
example 20 mm.
The outer bolt threaded surface 231 is configured to
be in threaded engagement with the inner threaded region
223 so as to permit the tubular bolt 23 to serve as a
spacer between the tubular member 22 and the electronic
marker 25. The outer bolt threaded surface 231 may have
a dimension, for example, M32.
In this embodiment, the tubular bolt 23 is made of
a metal material. Because the lower segment 252 of the
electronic marker 25 is disposed in the tubular bolt 23
made of metal, the signal from the electronic marker 25
is less likely to diverge.
As shown in Fig. 6, a method for installing the
locatable slab assembly 2 includes steps 31 to 33.
In step 31, as shown in Figs. 6 and 7, an upper segment
40A of the manhole 40, which is near the ground level,
is widened so as to permit the manhole cover 41 to be
located at a depth of for example 25 cm beneath the ground
level. The widened upper segment 40A of the manhole 40
extends from the ground level to terminate at a base
surface 40B with a manhole opening 410. The manhole cover
41 is disposed to cover the manhole opening 410. The base
surface 40B may have an inner dimension of for example
1600mm x 1600mm.
In step 32, as shown in Figs. 6 and 8, the base surface
40B surrounding the manhole cover 41 is solidified. A
soft foam layer 42, which may have a thickness of for
example 2 mm, has a surface area substantially the same
as that of the manhole cover 41, and is disposed to fully
overlie the manhole cover 41 to serve as a spacer between
the manhole cover 41 and the locatable slab assembly 2.
Then, the locatable slab assembly 2 is disposed on the
soft foam layer 42 such that the central line (C2) of
the locatable slab assembly 2 is in line with the center
line (C1) of the manhole cover 41. The provision of the
soft foam layer 42 can prevent the manhole cover 41 from
being damaged by the locatable slab assembly 2.
In step 33, as shown in Figs. 6 and 9, a spacer slice
43 with an opening 431 is sleeved on the enlarged head
243 of the protective plug 24 to cover on the upward
surface 202 of the slab body 20. The spacer slice 43 is
made of a flexible material such as an acrylic elastic
material, and has a surface area substantially the same
as that of the flange member 21 so as to be disposed in
alignment with the flange member 21 along the central
line (C2). The opening 431 has a diameter of for example
97 mm. Because the spacer slice 43 is flexible and has
the opening 431 slightly smaller than the maximum
diameter of the protective plug 24, the spacer slice 43
can be stretched to be fittingly sleeved on the
protective plug 24. Thereafter, the upward surface 202
of the slab body 20 uncovered by the spacer slice 43 is
coated with asphalt oil, and then the base surface 40B
and the locatable slab assembly 2 are paved with asphalt
to form the pavement 44 such that an uppermost surface
of the pavement 44 is flush with the ground level. A
distance between the uppermost surface of the pavement
44 and the upward surface 202 of the slab body 20 is for
example 100 mm.
As shown in Fig. 10, a method for assessing to the
manhole cover 41 using the locatable slab assembly 2
includes steps 51 to 56.
In step 51, an REID reader (not shown) is used for
locating the electronic marker 25 so as to locate the
central line (C2) of the locatable slab assembly 2 (see
Fig. 9) to thereby determine the region 45 of the
pavement 44 which may have a diameter of for example 150
mm and a height of for example 100 mm (see Fig. 11).
In step 52, as shown in Fig. 11, the region 45 is cored
out from the pavement 44 using a conventional tool such
as a pavement core drilling machine (not shown). Because
the bonding force between the protective plug 24 and the
asphalt (the pavement 44) is stronger than that between
the protective plug 24 and the concrete (the slab body
20), the protective plug 24 will be removed from the
cavity 204 of the slab body 20 when the region 45 is cored
out from the pavement 44. Thereafter, the electronic
marker 25 is also removed.
In step 53, as shown in Fig. 12, a jig 61 is fitted
into the cavity 204 of the slab body 20 to permit a through
hole 60 of the jig 61 to extend along the central axis
(C2). Next, a lower segment of an index post 62 is
inserted into the through hole 60 to permit an upper
segment of the index post 62 to extend along the central
axis (C2) out of the uppermost surface of the pavement
44. Then, a template 63 with a through bore 630 is
fittingly sleeved on the upper segment of the index post
62 to overlie on the uppermost surface of the pavement
44. The template 63 may have a plurality of cutouts (not
shown) for labeling the pavement 44 corresponding to the
periphery of the locatable slab assembly 2. The pavement
44 can be labeled by applying paint to the pavement 44
through the cutouts of the template 63 to form a mark.
The labeled area may have a dimension of for example
1200mm x 1200mm or 1300mm x 1300mm.
In step 54, the template 63, the index post 62, the
jig 61, and the tubular bolt 23 are removed, and the
pavement 44 and the locatable slab assembly 2 above the
manhole cover 41 are cut along the mark. As shown in Fig.
13, a cutting line 441 extends from the pavement 44
through the locatable slab assembly 2 to terminate at
the base surface 40B.
In step 55, as shown in Fig. 14, the outer threaded
surface 643 of the lifting device 64 is brought into
threaded engagement with the inner threaded region 223
of the tubular member 22 so as to be secured to the
locatable slab assembly 2. Then, the gripped head 641
is gripped by a hoist (not shown), the cutout portions
of the pavement 44 and the locatable slab assembly 2 are
lifted by the hoist through the lifting device 64 to form
an accessing opening 40C. After the soft foam layer 42
and the manhole cover 41 are removed, an operator can
access to the manhole 40.
After the operator has finished his work, the manhole
cover 41 is disposed to cover the manhole opening 410,
the soft foam layer 42 is disposed to overlie the manhole
cover 41, the cutout portions of the pavement 44 and the
locatable slab assembly 2 can be refilled in the
accessing opening 40C, and the tubular bolt 23, the
electronic marker 25, the region 45 of the pavement 44
together with the protective plug 24 can be moved to
their original positions, as shown in Fig. 15. Gaps (G)
formed on the pavement 44 can be filled with an adhesive
(MS-R301, Retek International Equipment Co., Ltd.,
Taiwan). Because the gaps (G) can be observed from the
ground level, it is more convenient to access to the
manhole 40 the next time.
In the description above, for the purposes of
explanation, numerous specific details have been set
forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of
the embodiment. It will be apparent, however, to one
skilled in the art, that one or more other embodiments
may be practiced without some of these specific details.
It should also be appreciated that reference throughout
this specification to “one embodiment,” “an
embodiment,” an embodiment with an indication of an
ordinal number and so forth means that a particular
feature, structure, or characteristic may be included
in the practice of the disclosure. It should be further
appreciated that in the description, various features
are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment,
figure, or description thereof for the purpose of
streamlining the disclosure and aiding in the
understanding of various inventive aspects, and that one
or more features or specific details from one embodiment
may be practiced together with one or more features or
specific details from another embodiment, where
appropriate, in the practice of the disclosure.
Claims (9)
1. A locatable slab assembly for overlying a manhole cover which is located beneath a lowermost surface of a pavement, and which defines a center line, said 5 locatable slab assembly being liftable by a lifting device which has a gripped head and a connected end segment that is opposite to the gripped head and that has an outer threaded surface, said locatable slab assembly comprising: 10 a slab body configured to fully overlie the manhole cover, and defining a central line in line with the center line, said slab body having an upward surface and a downward surface, a cavity extending downwardly from said upward 15 surface along the central line to terminate at a cavity bottom, and a bore extending downwardly from said cavity bottom along the central line; a tubular member fitted in said bore, and having an 20 inner threaded region which surrounds the central line, and which defines a lower chamber extending to be in spatial communication with said cavity along the central line, said inner threaded region being configured to be brought into threaded engagement with the outer threaded 25 surface, so as to permit said locatable slab assembly to be lifted by the lifting device; a protective plug having an enlarged head and a plug body which is configured to be inserted into said cavity to permit said enlarged head to be disposed outwardly of said slab body, said plug body being formed with an upper chamber extending to be in spatial communication 5 with said lower chamber along the central line; and an electronic marker having an upper segment disposed in said upper chamber and a lower segment disposed in said lower chamber, said electronic marker being configured to permit a region of the pavement in 10 alignment with the center line of the manhole cover to be located.
2. The locatable slab assembly according to Claim 1, further comprising: a post member extending downward from said tubular 15 member to be embedded in said slab body; and a flange member extending radially from a juncture between said post member and said tubular member to be embedded in said slab body for reinforcement of said tubular member. 20
3. The locatable slab assembly according to Claim 2, wherein said slab body is of a steel reinforced concrete structure in which a plurality of steel bars are arranged into a grid pattern, said flange member being secured to innermost bars segments of said 25 steel bars relative to the central line.
4. The locatable slab assembly according to Claim 1, further comprising a tubular bolt which has an inner surface defining an inner space which is configured to accommodate said lower segment of said electronic marker, and an outer bolt threaded surface configured to be in 5 threaded engagement with said inner threaded region so as to permit said tubular bolt to serve as a spacer between said tubular member and said electronic marker.
5. The locatable slab assembly according to Claim 1, wherein said slab body is configured to simulate the 10 contour of the manhole cover.
6. The locatable slab assembly according to Claim 4, wherein said tubular member and said tubular bolt are made of a metal material, and said protective plug is made of a plastic material. 15
7. The locatable slab assembly according to Claim 1, wherein said protective plug is tapered from top to bottom.
8. The locatable slab assembly according to Claim 1, substantially as herein described with reference to 20 any embodiment disclosed.
9. A locatable slab assembly for overlying a manhole cover substantially as herein described with reference to any embodiment shown in figures 3 to
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
TW106116574 | 2017-05-19 | ||
TW106116574A TWI634250B (en) | 2017-05-19 | 2017-05-19 | Manhole cover detection and positioning device, installation method and construction method thereof |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NZ740683A NZ740683A (en) | 2018-09-28 |
NZ740683B true NZ740683B (en) | 2019-01-04 |
Family
ID=
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