NZ740485B2 - Coating system for asphalt and related methods - Google Patents
Coating system for asphalt and related methods Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NZ740485B2 NZ740485B2 NZ740485A NZ74048518A NZ740485B2 NZ 740485 B2 NZ740485 B2 NZ 740485B2 NZ 740485 A NZ740485 A NZ 740485A NZ 74048518 A NZ74048518 A NZ 74048518A NZ 740485 B2 NZ740485 B2 NZ 740485B2
- Authority
- NZ
- New Zealand
- Prior art keywords
- emulsion
- coating system
- gilsonite
- asphalt
- weight
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 152
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002280 amphoteric surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate dianion Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011044 quartzite Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 22
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- -1 e.g. Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 7
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- MOFINMJRLYEONQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].C=1C=CNC=1 Chemical compound [N].C=1C=CNC=1 MOFINMJRLYEONQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011068 load Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 3
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Betaine Natural products C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N HCl Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JNYAEWCLZODPBN-CTQIIAAMSA-N Sorbitan Chemical class OCC(O)C1OCC(O)[C@@H]1O JNYAEWCLZODPBN-CTQIIAAMSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003926 acrylamides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium monoxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L mgso4 Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006011 modification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- DTGKSKDOIYIVQL-WEDXCCLWSA-N (+)-borneol Chemical group C1C[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@@H]1C2(C)C DTGKSKDOIYIVQL-WEDXCCLWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LGXVIGDEPROXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Dichloroethene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=C LGXVIGDEPROXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KUXGUCNZFCVULO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-nonylphenoxy)ethanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(OCCO)C=C1 KUXGUCNZFCVULO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-ium Chemical class C1CN=C[NH2+]1 MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 239000004852 Asphaltite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940108066 Coal Tar Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furfural Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CO1 HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000126 Latex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000006057 Non-nutritive feed additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Natural products OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001253 acrylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002318 adhesion promoter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004183 alkoxy alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007798 antifreeze agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003115 biocidal Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 description 1
- NTXGQCSETZTARF-UHFFFAOYSA-N buta-1,3-diene;prop-2-enenitrile Chemical group C=CC=C.C=CC#N NTXGQCSETZTARF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene Chemical class C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003636 chemical group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011280 coal tar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004059 degradation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002193 fatty amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000847 nonoxynol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005596 polymer binder Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002491 polymer binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003233 pyrroles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015227 regulation of liquid surface tension Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002522 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005061 synthetic rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003784 tall oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002415 trichloroethylene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triclene Chemical group ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004876 x-ray fluorescence Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/002—Physical properties
- C08K2201/003—Additives being defined by their diameter
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/24—Acids; Salts thereof
- C08K3/26—Carbonates; Bicarbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
- C08K3/36—Silica
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/17—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2555/00—Characteristics of bituminous mixtures
- C08L2555/40—Mixtures based upon bitumen or asphalt containing functional additives
- C08L2555/50—Inorganic non-macromolecular ingredients
- C08L2555/52—Aggregate, e.g. crushed stone, sand, gravel or cement
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2555/00—Characteristics of bituminous mixtures
- C08L2555/40—Mixtures based upon bitumen or asphalt containing functional additives
- C08L2555/60—Organic non-macromolecular ingredients, e.g. oil, fat, wax or natural dye
- C08L2555/70—Organic non-macromolecular ingredients, e.g. oil, fat, wax or natural dye from natural non-renewable resources
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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- C08L2555/40—Mixtures based upon bitumen or asphalt containing functional additives
- C08L2555/80—Macromolecular constituents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2555/00—Characteristics of bituminous mixtures
- C08L2555/40—Mixtures based upon bitumen or asphalt containing functional additives
- C08L2555/80—Macromolecular constituents
- C08L2555/84—Polymers comprising styrene, e.g., polystyrene, styrene-diene copolymers or styrene-butadiene-styrene copolymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L33/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L33/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
- C08L33/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which oxygen atoms are present only as part of the carboxyl radical
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L95/00—Compositions of bituminous materials, e.g. asphalt, tar, pitch
- C08L95/005—Aqueous compositions, e.g. emulsions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D195/00—Coating compositions based on bituminous materials, e.g. asphalt, tar, pitch
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D195/00—Coating compositions based on bituminous materials, e.g. asphalt, tar, pitch
- C09D195/005—Aqueous compositions, e.g. emulsions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
- C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
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- C09D7/63—Additives non-macromolecular organic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/65—Additives macromolecular
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C11/00—Details of pavings
- E01C11/005—Methods or materials for repairing pavings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
- E01C19/12—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for distributing granular or liquid materials
- E01C19/21—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for distributing granular or liquid materials for simultaneously but separately applying liquid material and granular or pulverulent material, e.g. bitumen and grit, with or without spreading ; for filling grooves and gritting the filling
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C23/00—Auxiliary devices or arrangements for constructing, repairing, reconditioning, or taking-up road or like surfaces
- E01C23/06—Devices or arrangements for working the finished surface; Devices for repairing or reconditioning the surface of damaged paving; Recycling in place or on the road
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C7/00—Coherent pavings made in situ
- E01C7/08—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders
- E01C7/18—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders of road-metal and bituminous binders
- E01C7/20—Binder incorporated in cold state, e.g. natural asphalt
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C7/00—Coherent pavings made in situ
- E01C7/08—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders
- E01C7/18—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders of road-metal and bituminous binders
- E01C7/24—Binder incorporated as an emulsion or solution
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C9/00—Special pavings; Pavings for special parts of roads or airfields
Abstract
coating system and related methods for an airfield surface or a roadway is described. The coating system may include a stable cationic emulsion for application to the airfield surface or the roadway. The stable cationic emulsion may include a) an asphalt blend comprising gilsonite, wherein the gilsonite is modified to possess a positive charge, b) one or more polymers, and c) one or more surfactants not including a cationic surfactant. The coating system may also include a fine aggregate material for application to the stable cationic emulsion applied to the airfield surface or the roadway. gilsonite is modified to possess a positive charge, b) one or more polymers, and c) one or more surfactants not including a cationic surfactant. The coating system may also include a fine aggregate material for application to the stable cationic emulsion applied to the airfield surface or the roadway.
Description
COATING SYSTEM FOR ASPHALT AND RELATED METHODS
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present disclosure relates to a coating system and related for methods for
asphalt pavements.
BACKGROUND
Asphalt pavement is a composite material that includes mineral aggregate and
an asphalt binder which hardens to form a robust surface. Asphalt pavement deteriorates over
time from oxidation of the asphalt binder, heavy loads, and varying climatic conditions. One
method for restoring or repairing deteriorated asphalt pavement is to remove and replace the
existing pavement with either newly prepared or recycled pavement. Removal and replacement,
however, is expensive and wasteful. There exists, however, asphalt pavement maintenance
products that are used to repair pavement surfaces.
A typical asphalt maintenance product includes a coating composition, such as a
uintaite-asphalt composition, and an aggregate. In general, the composition may be spray
applied to the asphalt pavement and the aggregate is then applied over the composition using
spreaders or other similar devices. There are however many variations in how the composition
and aggregate can be formulated. The components of the composition, type of aggregate, and
the application rates (gals./yd and/or lbs./ yd ) can all be varied to accomplish certain
performance objectives. Furthermore, in some cases, the coating composition and aggregates
may be combined together and then applied to the pavement. In large part, however, the specific
product applied to the pavement and its application rate is dependent on how the pavement is
used.
The asphalt pavement industry has two somewhat separate sectors:
aviation/airfield and roadway. Aviation pavements have greater demands compared to roadway
pavements. For aviation pavements, safety is paramount, construction operations and schedules
are difficult to implement, and problems are more critical and more costly to address.
Additionally, the airfield pavements are used to support airplanes whereas roadways are used for
cars and trucks. The two pavements types also age differently. In general, the requirements for
aviation pavements (e.g. performance requirements, specifications, quality control systems, etc.)
are generally tighter and more extreme than those used for roadway pavements.
Common roadway asphalt maintenance surface treatments are not always
suitable for airfield pavements. Common roadway treatments designed for durability beyond 3-5
years are typically not suitable for the required airfield pavements. As roadway treatments
increase in age they also create safety-performance problems, e.g. creation and increase of
foreign object debris (FOD) and decrease in positive friction characteristics. In situations where
the airfield asphalt pavement, even if previously treated with a common uintaite-asphalt coating
or another maintenance coating, begins to decay in terms of its surface-condition characteristics,
then it must be treated again in order to maintain the minimum safety requirements. If no further
treatment is applied, then the pavement must undergo a much more significant and expensive
disruptive rehabilitation procedure. Common roadway treatments can be modified to improve
roadway condition and increase the friction characteristics, thereby addressing the safety issues
described above. Unfortunately, such treatments have a relatively brief lifespan, lasting 2-5
years or less. Other more substantial (heavily applied) asphalt maintenance treatments may
provide a service-life of more than 3-5 years. However, those substantial treatments are less
suitable for the requirements of airfield pavement applications. There is a lack of coating
systems that can be applied at relatively heavier rates that are suitable in both roadway and
aviation pavements, and have increased beneficial life.
SUMMARY
An embodiment of the present disclosure is a coating system for an airfield
surface or a roadway. The coating system may include a stable cationic emulsion for application
to the airfield surface or the roadway. The stable cationic emulsion may include a) an asphalt
blend comprising gilsonite, wherein the gilsonite is modified to possess a positive charge, b) one
or more polymers, and c) one or more surfactants not including a cationic surfactant. The
coating system may also include a fine aggregate material for application to the stable cationic
emulsion applied to the airfield surface or the roadway.
Another embodiment of the present disclosure is a method of manufacturing a
stable cationic asphalt emulsion. The method includes blending an asphalt cement with gilsonite
to form an asphalt blend. The method also includes preparing an aqueous solution comprising
water, a modifier, and one or more surfactants, wherein none of the one or more surfactants is a
cationic surfactant. The method further includes combining the asphalt blend with the aqueous
solution to form a cationic emulsion, thereby giving rise to positive charge on a portion of the
gilsonite so as to form the stable cationic emulsion. The method also includes adding one or
more polymers to the aqueous solution or the cationic emulsion.
Another embodiment of the present disclosure is a method for applying a
coating system to a surface. The method includes spraying with an applicator vehicle a stable
cationic emulsion onto a surface. The stable cationic emulsion has a) an asphalt blend
comprising gilsonite with the gilsonite modified to possess a positive charge, b) one or more
polymers, and c) one or more surfactants not including a cationic surfactant. The method also
includes applying a fine aggregate at a rate of at least 0.54 kg per square metre (1.0 lbs per
square yard) onto the stable cationic emulsion applied to the surface.
Another embodiment of the present disclosure is a system for coating a surface.
The system includes a spraying unit for spraying the stable cationic emulsion. The system also
includes a spreader unit mounted to the applicator and configured to apply the fine aggregate to
the surface. The spreader unit includes a hopper to hold the fine aggregate material, a
controllable gate coupled to the hopper, the controllable gate being moveable to allow the fine-
aggregate to exit the hopper, and a roller assembly near the controllable gate configured to apply
the fine aggregate material onto the sprayed emulsion.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The foregoing summary, as well as the following detailed description of
illustrative embodiments of the present application, will be better understood when read in
conjunction with the appended drawings. For purposes of illustrating the present application,
there is shown in the drawings illustrative embodiments of the disclosure. It should be
understood, however, that the application is not limited to the precise arrangements and
instrumentalities shown. In the drawings:
Figure 1A is schematic of an applicator vehicle and a spreader unit
used to apply the fine aggregate material to the surface in accordance with an
embodiment of the present disclosure;
Figure 1B is schematic of a spreader unit shown in Figure 1A;
Figure 1C is a perspective view of a portion of a roller assembly in
the spreader unit shown in Figure 1B;
Figure 1D is a side view of the portion of the roller assembly in the
spreader unit shown in Figure 1C;
Figure 2A is schematic of an applicator vehicle and a spreader unit
used to apply the fine aggregate material to the surface in accordance with an
embodiment of the present disclosure;
Figure 2B is schematic rear view of a spreader unit shown in Figure
Figure 2C is schematic side view of the spreader unit shown in
Figure 2A;
Figure 2D is schematic rear view of a spreader unit according to
another embodiment of the present disclosure;
Figure 2E is schematic side view of the spreader unit shown in
Figure 2D; and
Figure 3 is schematic of an applicator vehicle and a spreader unit
used to apply the fine aggregate material to the surface in accordance with an
embodiment of the present disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS
Embodiments of the present disclosure include a coating system for application
to an airfield surface or a roadway surface and methods of making components of such a coating
system. Embodiments of the present disclosure also include systems and methods for applying
the coating system to an airfield surface or a roadway surface. The inventive concepts herein
include a coating system comprised of a stable cationic emulsion and a fine aggregate material
for application to the stable cationic emulsion that is applied to the airfield surface or the
roadway. The stable cationic emulsion may include an asphalt blend comprising gilsonite. In
various embodiments, gilsonite includes components that are modified to possess a positive
charge, thereby giving rise to a stable cationic emulsion. The coating system has been found to
be suitable for both aviation and roadway pavements, despite the variance in end use
requirements for each pavement type. Each component of the coating system will be described
below.
The stable cationic emulsion may include an asphalt blend comprising gilsonite,
one or more polymers, and one or more surfactants that do not include a cationic surfactant. The
emulsion may also include a modifier, such as acid, and water. The cationic emulsion is
processed so that the gilsonite in the asphalt blend has cationic properties. This, in turn, permits
use of non-cationic type surfactants. The presence of polymer(s) in the emulsion, surfactants,
and modifier create a stable emulsion that can be stored for extended periods of time for later
use. This allows the emulsion to be pumped into storage tanks and/or delivered to work sites
over extended distances without degrading the efficacy of the coating system when applied to the
pavement surfaces.
The asphalt blends includes at least asphalt cement and gilsonite. In some cases,
additional additives, such as oils and surfactants, may be added to the asphalt blend as processing
aid or binders. Asphalt cement may be described as a colloid system comprised various
components. For example, the asphalt cement may include, asphaltenes, aromatics, resins, and
oily/waxy saturates, among other components. In most cases, the hard asphaltenes are
surrounded (solvated) by the aromatics, resins, oily/waxy saturates, etc. The asphalt blend may
have certain parameters that are preferable. In one example, the asphalt cement is 120/140
penetration grade asphalt. The penetration grade is an assessment of how hard it is to penetrate it
with a particular. The penetration grade for asphalt cement as used herein is measured in
accordance with test method ASTM D-5. The asphalt blend can also have a colloidal index at
least 2.50 to ensure a good balance. Furthermore, the asphalt blend and the asphalt cement
should have certain range of saturate, aromatic, resin and asphaltene (SARA) paramaters. See
for instance, table 3 below. SARA analysis method that divides crude oil components according
to their (chemical group classes, of interest herein is) polarizability and polarity. As used herein,
the SARA analysis method used is ASTM D-2007.
Gilsonite is a naturally occurring asphaltite hydrocarbon mineral resin.
Gilsonite is a unique composition that is known to be difficult to compound into an asphalt
emulsions. Gilsonite is a combination of various molecules that act in asphalt compositions in a
number of different ways. Gilsonite is known to be relatively high in polars and resins. For this
reason, gilsonite can solvate asphaltenes typically present in asphalt cement. Gilsonite also
generally establishes a more uniform spectrum to asphalt’s colloid balance. Gilsonite is selected,
in part, because its colloidal properties balance well with the colloidal properties of asphalt
cement typically available.
The gilsonite in the asphalt blend has been modified (to) improve adhesion.
Gilsonite has relatively high nitrogen content. The nitrogen in gilsonite is present as a pyrrole
molecule (i.e. a polar resin) and the addition of gilsonite increases the polar (polar resin) fraction
of the asphalt blend as seen in the SARA analysis. The nitrogen pyrrole in gilsonite has certain
beneficial characteristics. Because gilsonite comprises nitrogen pyrroles, and pyrroles are non-
toxic to living organisms, gilsonite is deemed environmentally beneficial. Furthermore, the
presently disclosed inventive concepts capitalize on the presence of nitrogen pyrroles. In certain
embodiments, the nitrogen pyrroles are modified to become a surfactant in the emulsion. By
driving the pH of the emulsion down to an acidic state via presence of a modifier, such as an
acid, the nitrogen pyrrole is activated to become a N+ positively charged molecule on the surface
of the gilsonite-asphalt droplet. Thus, portions of the gilsonite possess a positive charge and
behave as a cationic surfactant. The modified gilsonite in combination with use of non-cationic
surfactants supplies the desired cationic characteristic of the emulsion. The surprising result is a
uniquely stable emulsion. Furthermore, this aspect also creates a gilsonite-asphalt droplet with
an inherent adhesion property. It is believed that the cationic charge of the gilsonite acts as an
adherent, instead of relying on a surfactant for adhesion as is used on typical asphalt
emulsions. Cationic adhesion is a necessary property for adhesion of the asphalt droplet to the
negatively/anionic pavement surface. Table 1 below illustrate typical metals found in gilsonite in
accordance with the present disclosure as measured with x-ray Fluorescence or XRF, which is
used to grade the product’s composition in regards to metals.
Table 1 Approximate Metal Content of Gilsonite
Metal Approx. Max. ppm
Na 500
Mg 200
Al 550
Si 1600
Ca 350
Cu 1
Fe 450
Mo 11
Zn 15
The amount of asphalt blend in the emulsion can vary. In one example, the
asphalt blend comprises between about 50.0% to about 70.0% by weight of the emulsion. In
another example, the asphalt blend comprises between about 55.0% to about 65.0% by weight of
the emulsion. The amount of asphalt cement in the asphalt blend is at least 85 % by weight of
the asphalt blend. In one example, asphalt cement is present in the asphalt blend at a level of at
least 80 % by weight of the asphalt blend. The gilsonite may comprise at least 15 % by weight
of the asphalt blend. In one example, gilsonite is present in the asphalt blend at a level of at least
% by weight of the asphalt blend. Furthermore, it should be appreciated that at these stated
levels, the gilsonite may comprise at least 10 % by weight of the emulsion. In some cases,
however, the asphalt blend and/or the amount gilsonite may comprise more or less than the
ranges stated above.
The emulsion may comprise one or more polymers. Polymers may be used to
increase the durability and toughness of the completed coating system and aid in retaining fine-
aggregate material in the coating applied to the pavement. Exemplary polymers or copolymers
include those that assist in providing desired properties for the asphalt emulsion residue, for
example by, providing a stress-absorbing layer that strongly adheres to the underlying pavement,
by providing a non-tacky surface, or by providing a polymer with a non-swelling nature. In one
example, the polymers may include polymers and co-polymer combinations, such as acrylic, a
styrene-butadiene rubber, or combinations thereof. The polymer or polymers may comprise
between about 1.0% to about 5.0% by weight of the emulsion.
Exemplary acrylic polymers or copolymers are preferably derived from acrylate
monomers. The acrylate monomers may for example be based on (meth) acrylic acid, esters of
(meth) acrylic acid, (meth) acrylamide, (meth) acrylonitrile and derivatives of these acrylate
monomers. Exemplary esters of (meth)acrylic acids include, but are not limited to, alkyl and
hydroxyalkyl esters, e.g., methyl (meth)acrylates, ethyl (meth)acrylates, butyl (meth)acrylates,
hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, isobornyl (meth)acrylate, and longer chain alkyl (meth)acrylates
such as ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate, lauryl (meth)acrylate, cetyl (meth)acrylate, and stearyl
(meth)acrylate. Derivatives of (meth)acrylamide include, but are not limited to, alkyl substituted
(meth)acrylamides, e.g., N,N-dimethyl (meth)acrylamide, N,N-dipropyl (meth)acrylamide, t-
butyl (meth)acrylamide, N-octyl (meth)acrylamide, and longer chain alkyl (meth)acrylamides
such as N-lauryl (meth)acrylamide and N-stearyl (meth)acrylamide. The acrylic polymers also
include polymers commonly known as acrylics, acrylate polymers, polyacrylates or acrylic
elastomers. Acrylate polymers belong to a group of polymers which could be referred to
generally as plastics while acrylic elastomer is a general term for a type of synthetic rubber
whose main component is an acrylic acid alkyl ester (for example, an ethyl or butyl ester).
Exemplary copolymers include polymers derived from polyolefins, such as
vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, styrene, substituted styrene, butadiene,
unsaturated polyesters, ethylene and the like. In some embodiments, the acrylic copolymer is
derived from acrylate monomers and mixtures thereof and polymerized with styrene or ethylene.
In still other embodiments, the acrylic copolymer is derived from butyl acrylate and
copolymerized with styrene or ethylene. In yet other embodiments, the copolymer is an
acrylonitrile butadiene.
The emulsion includes one or more surfactants. The surfactants establish
appropriate stability, viscosity, and other necessary properties of the emulsion in storage,
transport, application, set and cure. The surfactants also facilitate short-term and long-term
enhancements of the polymer binder to in the pavement.
The surfactants may be a non-ionic surfactant and an amphoteric surfactant. In
most instances, however, the emulsion does not include a cationic surfactant due to their
detrimental impact on emulsion stability and reasons discussed elsewhere in the present
disclosure. Accordingly, an amphoteric surfactant and/or non-ionic surfactants are preferred in
lieu of cationic surfactants. Amphoteric surfactants and/or non-ionic surfactants boost the
break/cure time of the emulsion when sprayed on the pavement. An amphoteric surfactant is one
that can be cationic at low pH and also anionic at high pH while non-inonics do not carry
specific charges. In contrast, a typical cationic surfactant, such as a fatty alkylamine, is always
cationic. Cationic surfactants have a strong positive charge except at very high pH. However, a
strong positive charge surfactant with gilsonite-asphalt blend as described herein is problematic
and counter-productive. For instance, a strong positive charged surfactant destabilizes the
emulsion over a short time period, especially at gilsonite loadings of more than 8%-10% by
weight of the asphalt blend. With gilsonite present at 20% by weight of the asphalt blend, an
amphoteric surfactant provides a gentle buffered-charge surfactant activity, which yields added
stability. Furthermore, when the emulsion is sprayed on the pavement, an amphoteric surfactant
accelerates the break/cure of the emulsion. In contrast, a non-ionic surfactant may indeed
provide stability but also retards the break/cure of the emulsion when applied on the
pavement. The present emulsion surprisingly balances these competing features while avoiding
use of a cationic surfactant.
Exemplary amphoteric surfactants include, but are not limited to, alkoxylated
alkylamine. Other eexemplary amphoteric surfactants include betaines and amphoteric
imidazolinium derivatives.
Exemplary non-ionic surfactants include ethoxylated compounds and esters, for
example ethoxylated fatty alcohols, ethoxylated fatty acids, sorbitan esters, ethoxylated sorbitan
esters, ethoxylated alkylphenols, ethoxylated fatty amides, glycerine fatty acid esters, alcohols,
alkyl phenols, and mixtures thereof. In one example, the non-ionic surfactants may be
nonylphenol ethoxylate or ethoxylated alcohol.
The surfactants comprise between about 0.25 % to about 4.0 % by weight of the
emulsion. In one example, the surfactants comprise between 0.25 % to about 2.5 % by weight
of the emulsion. Furthermore, the amphoteric surfactants comprise between about 0.25 % to
about 1.0 % by weight of the emulsion. The non-ionic surfactants may comprise between about
0.25 % to about 4.0 % by weight of the emulsion. In one example, the non-ionic surfactants
comprise between 0.5 % to about 2.0 % by weight of the emulsion. However, the surfactant
levels are not strictly limited to the stated ranges above.
The emulsion may include modifier to charge the gilsonite in the asphalt blend.
The modifier is present between 0.25 % to 3.0 % by weight of the emulsion. At this level, the
pH of the emulsion is reduced to less than 6.5 and preferably less than 5.0. A sub 6.5 pH level in
the emulsion is indicative of charged gilsonite with the blend. As explained above, the modifier
is used to drive the pH of the emulsion down to an acidic state so that the nitrogen pyrrole within
gilsonite is activated to become a N+ positively charged molecule. Accordingly, the emulsion
includes modified gilsonite that includes surfactant-like portions, which, in turn, improve
stability and adhesion in use. The modifier may be an acid, such as hydrochloric acid.
The emulsion may contain other optional additives to adjust the emulsion
properties in relation to the planned use, application method, and storage conditions. These
include, for example, mineral salts, thickening agents, stabilizing agents, anti-freeze agents,
adhesion promoters, biocides, pigments and the like. However, the emulsion is substantially free
of tall oil pitch or coal tar.
In one example, the emulsion comprises, asphalt blend including gilsonite at
level between about 55%-70%; one or more polymers at level between about 1%-5%; a nonionic
surfactant at level between about 0.5% - 2%; an amphoteric surfactant at a level between about
0.25%-1.0%; a modifier, such as acid, at a level between about 0.5%-2.5%; and water
comprising the balance to 100% by weight of the emulsion.
The coating system also includes a fine aggregate material. The fine aggregate
material may include, but is not limited to, crushed cherts, quartzites, or carbonates. Other types
of fine aggregate materials may be used as well. The fine-aggregate may be dry, clean, sound,
durable, and angular shaped, with highly textured surfaces. In one example, the fine aggregate
can comprise at least 50% of silicone dioxide by weight of the fine aggregate and up to about 5%
of calcium oxide by weight of the fine aggregate.
The fine aggregate material is effective for improving surface friction
characteristics. The fine aggregate material may be easily and evenly applied with the emulsion
onto the pavement at more substantial rates, e.g. at least 1.0 lb. per square yard. It is believed
that upon application a significant proportion of the fine aggregate material embeds in, and is
sufficiently bound, within the emulsion as the emulsion sets and cures. The fine aggregate
material remains embedded sufficiently in order to provide enhanced friction and safety
characteristics in the near-term as well as the long-term. The fine aggregate can have gradation
limits shown in table 2 when tested in accordance with ASTM C136. Furthermore, an
exemplary fine aggregate material may include properties illustrated in table 3 further below.
Table 2 Fine Material Aggregate Particle Size
Sieve Designation Percentage by Weight Passing Sieves
12 100
14 98-100
16 85-98
15-45
50 0-8
70 0-2
200 0-1
Table 3 Fine Aggregate Properties
Test Test Method Range
Micro-Deval ASTM D7428 Up to 15%
Magnesium Sulfate ASTM C88- Fine Aggregate Up to 2 %
Soundness
LA Abrasion ASTIM C131 – Grading D Up to 8 %
Fine Aggregate Angularity ASTM C1252 – Test Method At least 45 %
Moisture Content (%) ASTM C566 Up to 2 %
Bulk Dry Specific Gravity ASTM C128 2.6-3.0
Bulk SSD Specific Gravity ASTM C128 2.6-3.0
Apparent Specific Gravity ASTM C128 2.6-3.2
Absorption (%) ASTM D2216 Up to 3 %
Mohs Hardness Mohs Scale At least 7.0
AIMS texture AIMS Texture Index At least 90 %
Polished Stone Value ASTM 3319 At least 65
In table 3, the Mohs hardness test is conducted according to standard test ASTM
MNL46 using the Mohs scale. AIMS texture was tested according to AASHTO TP81, the
source aggregate was tested using No. 4 to ¼” size particles. Polished stone value was tested
according to ASTM 3319, modified for fine aggregate using a source aggregate passing through
a ½” sieve and retained on ¼ “ sieve. The polished stone values are read using the “F” scale per
the test method. Preferably the fine aggregate material has sustainably 100% fractured faces
measured according to ASTM D-5821 The fine aggregate material may also have a sand
equivalent greater than 85 tested according to ASTM D-2419.
The emulsion, without the addition of polymers, was also evaluated to
determine various parameters. The emulsion without the addition of polymers herein may have
properties as indicated in table 4 below.
Table 4 Properties of Stable Cationic Emulsion Without Polymer(s)
Property Text Method Value
Saybolt Furol Viscosity at ASTM D244 20 – 100 seconds
77°F (25°C)
Residue by Distillation or ASTM D244 At least 55 % (57%)
Evaporation
Sieve Test ASTM D244 Up to 0.1%
24-hour Stability ASTM D244 Up to 1%
-day Settlement Test ASTM D244 Up to 5.0%
Particle Charge ASTM D244 Positive
pH 6.5 maximum pH
Viscosity at 275°F (135°C) ASTM D4402 1750 cts maximum
Solubility in 1, 1, 1 ASTM D2042 97.5% minimum
trichloroethylene
Penetration ASTM D5 50 dmm maximum
Asphaltenes ASTM D2007 15% minimum
Saturates ASTM D2007 15% maximum
Polar Compounds ASTM D2007 25% minimum
Aromatics ASTM D2007 15% minimum
The complete emulsion, with polymers included, as described herein may have
properties as indicated in table 5 below.
Table 5 Properties of Stable Cationic Emulsion With Polymer(s)
Test Method Value
Property
Viscosity at 60°C AASHTO T-315 up to 5000 cts
Softening Point °C AASHTO T-53 At least 60
Penetration AASHTO T-49 14 – 40
Elastic Recovery 25 °C AASHTO T-301 15% - 75%
Ductility 25 °C AASHTO T-51 5% - 50%
Embodiments of the present disclosure include a method of making the stable
cationic emulsion described above. Initially, the method includes blending asphalt cement with
gilsonite to form the asphalt blend with component ranges as described above. The blending
may performed using a standard vat mixer or the like. This blending step may include adding an
optional gas oil, e.g. an atmospheric light oil, to the asphalt blend. The gas oil may assist the
penetration of the emulsion into the underlying pavement. Next, an optional surfactant is added
to the asphalt blend. This optional surfactant is used to assist melting and blending of gilsonite
in the asphalt blend. The asphalt blend composition at this stage is exposed to temperature of at
least 300 degrees Fahrenheit for a period of time. In one example, the asphalt blend is exposed
to a temperature of about 350 degrees Fahrenheit and mixed, at the elevated temperature, for 24-
48 hours.
The method includes, separately from forming asphalt blend, preparing an
aqueous solution comprising water, the modifier (e.g. acid), and one or more surfactant. As
noted above, a cationic surfactant is not required in the aqueous solution. In one example, the
acid is added to the water followed by the surfactant(s). This aqueous solution is then mixed for
a period of time.
The asphalt blend and aqueous solution are then pumped into an emulsion mill
to form an emulsion. More specifically, the method includes combining the asphalt blend with
the aqueous solution to form a cationic stable emulsion. As described above, the acid creates a
more acidic composition and has the effect of creating a positive charge on portions of the
gilsonite in the asphalt blend, thereby forming the cationic emulsion with improved stability.
The emulsion mill shears together the gilsonite-asphalt blend and the aqueous solution in a
continuous process.
The method includes adding one or more polymers to the aqueous solution or to
the emulsion. For example, the polymer (s) may be added to the aqueous solution, i.e. the water
phase of the emulsion prior to milling. Alternatively, the polymer (s) may be “post added” to the
milled emulsion prior to loading into storage tanks or transport vehicles
The finished cationic emulsion may be pumped to the storage tanks and stored
until needed. Because the cationic emulsion is stable, longer storage times are possible. This
improves inventory control and allows the compounder to be more reactive to demand.
Furthermore, the ability for increased storage times does not adversely affect the set and cure
properties of the cationic emulsion when applied the pavement surface.
Another embodiment of the present disclosure is a system and method for
applying a coating system to a surface. The system and method can apply the coating system
described above with an applicator vehicle10 modified to accommodate high aggregate loading
levels. Figures 1A-3 illustrate various embodiments of applicator vehicle used to application the
coating system. As shown in Figure 1A, the applicator vehicle 10 includes mounted thereon the
spraying unit 20 and a spreader unit 30 so that the emulsion and the fine aggregate, respectively,
can be co-applied with a single vehicle. The applicator vehicle 10 also includes a storage tank 12
that holds the cationic emulsion. The spraying unit 30 is configured to spray the stable cationic
emulsion at various application rates as described herein. The spreader unit 30 is configured to
apply the fine aggregate to the surface. In one embodiment, the spreader unit 30 includes a
hopper 32 to hold the fine aggregate material and a controllable gate 34 coupled to the hopper
32. The controllable gate 34 is moveable to allow the fine-aggregate to exit the hopper 32. The
spreader unit 30 also includes a roller assembly 40 near the controllable gate 34. The roller
assembly 40 is configured to guide the fine aggregate material from the hopper 32 through the
controllable gate 34 in order uniformly spread/drop the fine-aggregate onto the sprayed
emulsion. The roller assembly 40 may include an elongate roller bar 42 (Figs. 1B-1D)
positioned inside a trough 44. As shown, the roller bar 42 may include outwardly extending
tines that run the length of the roller bar 42. The roller bar 42 is operably coupled to a motor 46,
which is used to rotate the roller bar 42. Thus, a preferred spreader unit may be referred to as
roller unit or roller-spreader. The system optionally includes a means for assisting removal of
the fine aggregate material from the hopper. Such an optional means may be an internal auger, a
conveyor, or a vibrator or other similar device. The system also includes a controller configured
to control operation of the spreader unit and the sprayer unit. The controller allows the operator
of the applicator vehicle to control the fine-aggregate spreader unit in conjunction with the
emulsion as those components are being applied to the surface.
Figures 2A-3 illustrate alternative embodiments of an applicator vehicle.
Common parts and features between the applicator vehicle 10 shown in Figures 1A-1D and the
applicator vehicle illustrated in Figures 2A-3 have the same reference numbers. In accordance
with one embodiment as shown in Figures 2A-2E, the applicator vehicle 10 includes a spinning
spreader unit 130a with a hopper 132a (Figures 2B and 2C). Accordingly, in lieu of the roller
assembly, the spreader unit may include a spinning plate 140 with fins (i.e. whirly spinner).
Furthermore, a gate 134a may disposed toward the back of the hopper 132a. In accordance with
one embodiment as shown in Figures 2D-2E, the applicator vehicle 10 includes a spinning
spreader unit 130b with a hopper 132b. The spinning spreader unit 130b may include a spinning
plate 140 with fins (i.e. whirly spinner). However, the gate 134 may disposed toward the back
of the hopper 132a. Alternatively, as shown in Figures 2D and 2E, the gate 134b may be
disposed below the hopper 132b. In accordance with the disclosed embodiments, improved
friction results have been obtained with the standard “whirly spinner” units, albeit with some
modifications.
In yet another embodiment illustrated in Figure 3, the system may alternatively
be used with applicator vehicle 10 adapted to include an air driven spreader unit 230 as shown in
Figure 3. Accordingly, in lieu of the roller assembly, the spreader unit may include an air unit
240 which is air-driven device to apply aggregate via air.
The method of applying the coating system includes spraying, with the
applicator vehicle, a stable cationic emulsion on to a surface. As noted above, the stable cationic
emulsion includes: a) an asphalt blend comprising gilsonite, wherein the gilsonite is modified to
possess a positive charge; b) one or more polymers; and c) one or more surfactants not including
a cationic surfactant. In one example, the stable cationic emulsion is sprayed onto to surface at
an amount of 0.10 to 1.0 gallons per square yard. In another example, the stable cationic
emulsion is sprayed at an amount of 0.15 to 0.25 gallons per square yard.
The method also includes applying a fine aggregate at a rate of at least 1.0 lbs
per square yard onto the stable cationic emulsion applied to the surface. In one example, the fine
aggregate material is applied onto the stable cationic emulsion in an amount of from 1.0 lb per
square yard to 5.0 lbs per square yard. The stable cationic emulsion is sprayed via the sprayer
unit mounted on the vehicle. And the fine aggregate is applied with spreader unit mounted on
the same applicator vehicle. It should be appreciated, however, that it is possible to apply the
stable cationic emulsion and the fine aggregate materials using more than one applicator vehicle.
The present disclosure may be further understood with reference to the
following non-limiting examples.
Example 1
The cationic emulsion and fine aggregate material where prepared as described
herein. The spreader unit (whirly spinner version) was mounted on a standard asphalt distributor
spray truck. The truck was set to apply from 1.0 to 3.0 lbs/SY of the fine aggregate material.
The cationic emulsion composition comprised about 60% by weight of the emulsion of the
asphalt blend and about 2.5% by weight of the emulsion of a latex polymer (SB-acrylic). The
fine aggregate material comprised physical properties as indicated in tables 2 and 3 above. In
particular, the graded particle size was 100% passing a No.14 US sieve. The cationic emulsion
was applied to an airfield asphalt pavement surface which, prior to coating, was in “poor”
condition according to the standard the Pavement Condition Index (PCI). The cationic emulsion
was applied to surface at 0.20 gallons per square yard and the fine aggregate material was
applied at 1.5 pounds per square yard. After application and drying, the surface friction test was
conducted. In this instance, friction testing proceeded according to Federal Aviation
Administration (FAA) test method for continuous friction measuring equipment (CFME), FAA
AC 150/5320-12. The FAA’s CMFE standard is used to evaluate the friction value of an airfield
surface and thus its safety level. This test provides a direct measure of surface friction against a
braking tire and sets minimum values a surface must have to be FAA compliant. The test
revealed FAA CMFE 40 mph test value of 1.07 and 60 mph value of 1.05. The tests were made
after 6 days, after 34 days, and after 160 days in order to gauge the consistency of the surface’s
friction over time and in presence of severe winter weather using snowplows. The measured
values are recorded in table 6 below. The condition of the pavement, according the PCI, post
application was observed as “significantly improved” to “good.” Thus, significant recovery of
the lost friction caused by the non-aggregate components of the cationic emulsion was achieved
by adding 1.5 pounds per square yard of fine aggregate material. At this loading level, the
coating system in example 1 exceeded the FAA requirements for safety.
Table 6 Record Values from Test Conducted in Example 1
Control 40 mph Control 60 mph Test 40mph Test 60 mph
6 days 1.07 1.05 0.89 0.91
34 days 0.94 0.92
160 days 1.01 0.89
Example 2
In this example, the cationic emulsion and fine aggregate material were prepared
as in Example 1, with the exception being that for the emulsion the polymer was an acrylic at a
2.0% level (by weight of the emulsion). The coating system was applied to an airfield asphalt
runway pavement surface which, prior to coating, was in “fair” condition. The coating system
was applied to six test areas using the application rates as shown table 7 below.
Table 7 Test Plan for Example 2
Test Area Cationic Emulsion Application Rate Fine Aggregate Application Rate
(gal/ yd ) (lb./ yd )
1 0.16 1.5
0.17 1.5
3 0.18 1.5
4 0.16 3.0
0.17 3.0
6 0.18 3.0
After application and drying, the friction was evaluated using the FAA AC CMFE procedure.
The tests were made after 24 hours, and after 5 days, in order to gauge the consistency of the
surface’s friction over time. The measured values after application are shown in table 8 below.
The tests were conducted according to FAA AC 150/5320-12.
Table 8 Friction Data for Example 2
Test Area 24hrs - 40mph 24hrs - 60mph5 days - 40mph 5 days - 60mph
1 0.67 0.65 0.95 0.74
2 0.68 0.60 0.91 0.81
3 0.70 0.70 0.9 0.73
4 0.81 0.75 1.05 0.94
0.80 0.71 0.92 0.93
6 0.78 0.75 1.05 0.94
As can be seen in Figure 3 and table 8, a significant recovery of the lost friction
caused by the non-aggregate components of the emulsion was achieved by adding 1.5 lb./yd of
aggregate at the three different cationic emulsion rates. In this example, the results exceeded the
FAA requirements for safety, in addition to observing significant improvement in pavement
condition using the PCI. In addition, at the rate of 3.0 lb./SY of aggregate, the coating system
actually increased the overall friction of the pavement beyond the pre-treatment level and up into
the highest level achievable. Data at this level is believed to correlate to that of a new pavement.
This is a surprising result for such relatively low fine-aggregate levels.
The inventive concepts described herein have several benefits and surprising
results. The inventive coating systems attain improved friction characteristics that have not
been observed in typical pavement coating applications with light to medium (or higher)
application levels. For example, there are limits in the current practice of seal-coating surfaces at
these loading levels. For one, the application of a thicker coating systems on the pavement
necessitates a) a concomitant increase in the amount of aggregate materials applied, and b) use of
a larger particle. However, the typical aggregates approved for use (by various governmental
agencies) are not suitable for such “thicker” applications. Furthermore, existing applicator
vehicles are not designed to apply the aggregate uniformly at levels of 1.0 lbs per square yard or
greater. In addition, regardless of the amount of aggregate applied to pavement, the higher rate
of application of conventional asphalt emulsions can still result an unacceptable level of
stickiness/tackiness. This, in turn, may result in the emulsion stick to tires and may possible peel
off the pavement. The present inventive concepts overcome these drawbacks in a number of
ways. The described asphalt-emulsion can be thicker, can adhere to the pavement better, can
retain friction fine-aggregate better, and is more durable over time. The fine aggregate material
can be applied to the emulsion on the pavement at increased rates. For instance, the fine
aggregate material can be applied at least 1.0 lbs. per square yard, or higher.
On the pavement, the residue remaining from the broken and cured emulsion
has a few special characteristics due to the gilsonite. The penetration into and softening of the
aged oxidized underlying surface AC is enhanced by the gilsonite. Also, the gilsonite allows the
addition of softer AC to the blend, which synergistically provides for restoration of the
underlying aged pavement’s AC while simultaneously not being overly soft on the surface so as
to be impractical as a sealer. The gilsonite also is a natural antioxidant and is resistant to UV
degradation.
The coating system yields a “typical” cure (e.g. 8-12 hours or more) with
“decent” short-term friction results and excellent long-term friction results. In particular, the
emulsion cures in a matter of 8-12 hours, or longer, depending on weather conditions, but the
emulsion system appears to retain a high percentage of the friction fine-aggregate. The friction
numbers for the emulsion system tend to continue to steadily increase over time, eventually
achieving or even exceeding the pre-treatment friction numbers.
The inventive coating system delivers also all the benefits of fog seal but with
an increase concomitant with the increase in applied residue on the pavement, e.g. from light up
to medium application rates. The coating system is a long-term solution, believed to last 5 or
more years. Furthermore, the coating system improves pavement condition by penetrating and
fusing with the pavement. The coating system does this while also maintaining a relatively high
amount of friction via high-performance CMFE test methods, not just initially but also long-
term.
The coating system may be applied via in a convenient single-vehicle system.
This limits contractor investment and labor costs and results in a system that can be applied more
efficiently. Furthermore, the coating system is suitable for use on high-speed runways and all
other airfield pavements (no limitations), or roadways.
Furthermore, the coating systems described herein are stable and balanced
enough to be applied at substantially higher amounts and still provide for the airfield pavement
safety characteristics as well as a longer improvement in condition. However, unlike other
treatments, the coating system as described herein does not require an excessive blanket of
aggregate spread over the binder. This removes the needed additional sweeping operations to
remove loose aggregate and generally being a safety issue for airfields.
The coating system does not require a liquid mixture of binder and aggregate
and other fillers, which will eventually crack, delaminate and deteriorate, creating safety issues.
The described coating system can be applied in a suitably thick layer such that it provides a more
durable yet still safe surface coating with excellent friction characteristics throughout the
extended life of the coating system.
The inventive coating system, and the emulsion in particular, can be easily
stored, shipped, and applied to the desired surface. Likewise, the inventive aggregate
composition includes a fine, dense, angular high-friction aggregate material that is suitable for
co-application with the emulsion via a convenient vehicle-mounted spreader unit. Together
these components are surprisingly effective for maintaining, or even increasing the surface
micro-texture and macro-texture roughness of the coating components while also providing
increased durability.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various modifications and
alterations of the present disclosure can be made without departing from the broad scope of the
appended claims. Some of these have been discussed above and others will be apparent to those
skilled in the art. The scope of the present disclosure is limited only by the claims.
Claims (31)
1. A coating system for an airfield surface or a roadway, comprising: a stable cationic emulsion for application to the airfield surface or the roadway, the stable cationic emulsion having: a) an asphalt blend comprising gilsonite, wherein the gilsonite is modified to possess a positive charge; b) one or more polymers, and c) one or more surfactants not including a cationic surfactant; and a fine aggregate material for application to the stable cationic emulsion applied to the airfield surface or the roadway.
2. The coating system of claim 1, wherein the asphalt blend is present in an amount of about 50.0% to about 70.0% by weight of the emulsion.
3. The coating system of claim 1 or 2, wherein the gilsonite is present at a level of at least about 20 % by weight of the asphalt blend.
4. The coating system of claim 1 or 2, wherein the gilsonite is present at a level of at least about 10 % by weight of the emulsion.
5. The coating system of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the one or more polymers is an acrylic, a styrene-butadiene rubber, or a combination thereof.
6. The coating system of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the one or more polymers are present in an amount of about 1.0% to about 5.0% by weight of the emulsion.
7. The coating system of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the one or more surfactants are present in an amount of about 0.25 % to about 4.0 % by weight of the emulsion.
8. The coating system of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the one or more surfactants is at least one of a non-ionic surfactant and an amphoteric surfactant.
9. The coating system of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the emulsion has a modifier present at level between 0.25 % to 3.0 % by weight of the emulsion.
10. The coating system of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the emulsion has a pH less than 6.5.
11. The coating system of any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the fine aggregate has a particle size distribution whereby 98% to 100% of the particles pass through a No. 14 sieve.
12. The coating system of claim 11, wherein the fine aggregate material has: a fine aggregate angularity of at least 45 % measured according to ASTM C1252 Test Method A; a bulk dry specific gravity of 2.6-3.0 measured according to ASTM C128; and a Mohs hardness of at least 7.0 measured according to ASTM MNL46.
13. The coating system of any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein said fine aggregate material includes at least one of chert, quartzite, and carbonate.
14. The coating system of any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the asphalt blend is present in an amount of about 50.0% to about 70.0% by weight of the emulsion, and the gilsonite is present at level of at least about 10 % by weight of the emulsion, wherein the one or more polymers are present in an amount of about 1.0% to about 5.0% by weight of the emulsion, and wherein the one or more surfactants are present in an amount of about 0.25 % to about 4.0 % by weight of the emulsion.
15. A method of manufacturing a stable cationic asphalt emulsion, comprising: blending an asphalt cement with gilsonite to form an asphalt blend; preparing an aqueous solution comprising water, a modifier, and one or more surfactants, wherein none of the one or more surfactants is a cationic surfactant; combining the asphalt blend with the aqueous solution to form a cationic emulsion, thereby giving rise to positive charge on a portion of the gilsonite so as to form the stable cationic emulsion; and adding one or more polymers to the aqueous solution or the cationic emulsion.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein adding the one or polymers occurs prior to combining the asphalt blend with the aqueous solution.
17. The method of claim 15, wherein adding the one or polymers occurs after combining the asphalt blend with the aqueous solution.
18. The method of any one of claims 15 to 17, wherein the asphalt blend is present in an amount of about 50.0% to about 70.0% by weight of the emulsion.
19. The method of any one of claims 15 to 18, wherein the gilsonite is present at a level of at least about 20 % by weight of the asphalt blend.
20. The method of any one of claims 15 to 19, wherein the one or more polymers is an acrylic, a styrene-butadiene rubber, or a combination thereof.
21. The method of any one of claims 15 to 20, wherein the one or more polymers are present in an amount of about 1.0% to about 5.0% by weight of the emulsion.
22. The method of any one of claims 15 to 21, wherein the one or more surfactants are present in an amount of about 0.25 % to about 4.0 % by weight of the emulsion.
23. A method for applying a coating system to a surface, comprising: spraying with an applicator vehicle a stable cationic emulsion onto a surface, the stable cationic emulsion having: a) an asphalt blend comprising gilsonite, wherein the gilsonite is modified to possess a positive charge; b) one or more polymers, and c) one or more surfactants not including a cationic surfactant; and applying a fine aggregate at a rate of at least 0.54 kg per square metre (1.0 lbs per square yard) onto the stable cationic emulsion applied to the surface.
24. The method of claim 23, wherein the stable cationic emulsion is sprayed onto the surface at an amount of 0.45 to 4.53 litres per square metre (0.10 to 1.0 gallons per square yard).
25. The method of claim 24, wherein the stable cationic emulsion is sprayed at an amount of 0.68 to 1.13 litres per square metre (0.15 to 0.25 gallons per square yard).
26. The method of any one of claims 23 to 25, wherein the fine aggregate material is applied onto the stable cationic emulsion in an amount of from 0.54 kg per square metre to 2.71 kg per square metre (1.0 lb per square yard to 5.0 lbs per square yard).
27. The method of any one of claims 23 to 26, wherein applying the fine aggregate and spraying the stable cationic emulsion are performed with the same applicator vehicle.
28. A system for coating a surface according to the method of any one of claims 23 to 27, comprising: a spraying unit for spraying the stable cationic emulsion; and a spreader unit mounted to the applicator and configured to apply the fine aggregate to the surface, the spreader unit having: a. a hopper to hold the fine aggregate material; b. a controllable gate coupled to the hopper, the controllable gate being moveable to allow the fine-aggregate to exit the hopper; and c. a roller assembly near the controllable gate configured to apply the fine aggregate material onto the sprayed emulsion.
29. The system of claim 28, further comprising an applicator vehicle included mounted thereon the spraying unit and the spreader unit.
30. The system of claim 28 or 29, further comprising a controller configured to control operation of the spreader unit and the sprayer unit.
31. The coating system of claim 1, substantially as herein described with reference to any one of the Examples and/or
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US15/691,248 US10982097B2 (en) | 2017-08-30 | 2017-08-30 | Coating system for asphalt and related methods |
US15/691,248 | 2017-08-30 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NZ740485A NZ740485A (en) | 2021-10-29 |
NZ740485B2 true NZ740485B2 (en) | 2022-02-01 |
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