NZ733447B2 - A deuterated triazolopyridazine as a kinase modulator - Google Patents

A deuterated triazolopyridazine as a kinase modulator Download PDF

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NZ733447B2
NZ733447B2 NZ733447A NZ73344715A NZ733447B2 NZ 733447 B2 NZ733447 B2 NZ 733447B2 NZ 733447 A NZ733447 A NZ 733447A NZ 73344715 A NZ73344715 A NZ 73344715A NZ 733447 B2 NZ733447 B2 NZ 733447B2
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compound
met
formula
cell
deuterium
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NZ733447A
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NZ733447A (en
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Patrick Blasius Furer
Ronaldus Arnodus Hendrika Joseph Gilissen
Ioannis Nicolaos Houpis
Lieven Meerpoel
Timothy Pietro Suren Perera
Philip James Pye
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Janssen Pharmaceutica Nv
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Priority claimed from PCT/EP2015/078525 external-priority patent/WO2016087586A1/en
Publication of NZ733447A publication Critical patent/NZ733447A/en
Publication of NZ733447B2 publication Critical patent/NZ733447B2/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/50—Pyridazines; Hydrogenated pyridazines
    • A61K31/5025—Pyridazines; Hydrogenated pyridazines ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
    • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
    • A61P19/02—Drugs for skeletal disorders for joint disorders, e.g. arthritis, arthrosis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
    • A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A61P35/02—Antineoplastic agents specific for leukemia
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C07B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
    • C07B2200/05—Isotopically modified compounds, e.g. labelled
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C07B59/00—Introduction of isotopes of elements into organic compounds ; Labelled organic compounds per se
    • C07B59/002—Heterocyclic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
    • C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems

Abstract

The invention is directed to a triazolopyridazine compound of formula (I), N-oxides, pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein D represents deuterium, the use of such compounds as protein tyrosine kinase modulators, particularly inhibitors of c-Met, and the use of such compounds to reduce or inhibit kinase activity of c-Met in a cell or a subject, and modulate c-Met expression in a cell or subject, and the use of such compounds for preventing or treating in a subject a cell proliferative disorder and/or disorders related to c-Met. The present invention is further directed to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds of the present invention and to methods for treating conditions such as cancers and other cell proliferative disorders.

Description

[Annotation] John O'Mahoney A DEUTERATED TRIAZOLOPYRIDAZINE AS A KINASE MODULATOR FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to a novel compound that ?anctions as a protein tyrosine kinase modulator. More particularly, the invention relates to a novel compound that ?anctions as an inhibitor of c-Met.
BACKGROUND OF THE ION The present invention relates to a triazolopyridazine as an inhibitor of tyrosine kinases, including c-Met. Triazolopyridazines have been reported with useful therapeutic properties including in W02007/075567.
Protein kinases are enzymatic components of the signal transduction pathways that ze the er of the terminal phosphate from ATP to the hydroxy group of tyrosine, serine and/or threonine residues of proteins. Thus, compounds that inhibit protein kinase ?anctions are valuable tools for assessing the physiological consequences of protein kinase activation. The overexpression or inappropriate expression of normal or mutant protein s in mammals has been a topic of extensive study and has been demonstrated to play a signi?cant role in the development ofmany diseases, including diabetes, angiogenesis, sis, restenosis, ocular diseases, schizophrenia, rheumatoid tis, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease and cancer. The cardiotonic bene?t ofkinase inhibition has also been d.
In sum, tors of protein kinases have particular utility in the treatment of human and animal disease.
The hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) (also known as scatter factor (SF)) receptor, c-Met, is a receptor tyrosine kinase that regulates cell proliferation, morphogenesis, and motility. The c-Met gene is translated into a 170 kD n that is processed into a cell surface receptor composed of a l40kD beta transmembrane subunit and 50 kD glycosylated extra cellular alpha subunit.
Mutations in c-Met, xpression of c-Met and/or HGF/SF, expression of c-Met and HGF/SF by the same cell, and pression and/or aberrant c-Met signaling is present in a variety ofhuman solid tumors and is believed to participate in enesis, tumor development, invasion, and metastasis.
Cell lines with uncontrolled c-Met activation, for example, are both highly invasive and atic. A e difference between normal and transformed cells W0 2016f087586 _ 2 _ expressing c-Met receptor is that phosphorylation of the tyrosine kinase domain in tumor cells is o?en independent of the presence of ligand.
C-Met ons/alterations have been identi?ed in a number of human diseases, including tumors and cancers — for ce, hereditary and sporadic human papillary renal carcinomas, breast cancer, colorectal , gastric carcinoma, glioma, n cancer, hepatocellular oma, head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, testicular carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, liver oma, sarcoma, malignant pleural mesothelioma, melanoma, multiple myeloma, osteosarcoma, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, synovial sarcoma, thyroid carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer ) and small cell lung cancer, transitional cell carcinoma of urinary bladder, testicular carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, liver carcinoma — and leukemias, lymphomas, and myelomas-- for instance, acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), chronic cytic leukemia (CLL), chronic d leukemia (CML), c neutrophilic leukemia (CNL), acute undifferentiated leukemia (AUL), anaplastic large-cell lymphoma , prolymphocytic leukemia (PML), juvenile myelomonocyctic leukemia (JMML), adult T-cell ALL, AML with eage myelodysplasia (AML/TMDS), mixed lineage leukemia (MLL), myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs), myeloproliferative ers (MPD), multiple myeloma, (MM), myeloid a, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease (also called Hodgkin's lymphoma).
Because of the role of aberrant HGF/SF—Met signaling in the pathogenesis ofvarious human cancers, inhibitiors of c-Met receptor tyrosine kinase have broad applications in the treatment of cancers in which Met activity contributes to the invasive/metastatic phenotype, including those in which c-Met is not overexpressed or otherwise altered.
Inhibitors of c—Met also inhibit angiogenesis and therefore are believed to have utility in the treatment of diseases associated with the ion of new vasculature, such as rheumatoid arthritis, retinopathy.
Over-expression of c-Met is also believed to be a potentially useful predictor for the prognosis of certain diseases, such as, for example, breast cancer, non-small cell lung oma, pancreatic endocrine neoplasms, te cancer, esophageal adenocarcinoma, colorectal cancer, salivary gland carcinoma, diffuse large B—cell lymphoma and endometrial carcinoma.
W0 2016f087586 _ 3 _ Many strategies have been devised to attenuate aberrant Met signaling in human tumors. Some ofthese strategies include the use of HGF antagonists and small- molecule inhibitors.
The safety, cokinetics, pharmacodynamics and initial efficacy of the potent and ive c—Met inhibitor with the following structure (hereinafter referred to as compound A) was explored in a phase I, ?rst-in—human trial. This led to the detection ofunexpected renal toxicity. These data contradicted pre-clinical tests showing a clean toxicity profile in rat and dog. Extensive additional pre-clinical experiments were performed to understand the nature of the renal effects. Metabolism data pointed into the direction of the rabbit to be a suitable logy species. A toxicology study in rabbit showed that compound A did affect renal ?anction and histological analysis revealed l ion with consequently degenerative and atory changes in the kidney. Further investigation suggested an de oxidase-dependent, speciesspeci?c , generation of ble metabolites that cause kidney damage through crystal formation in the renal tubules. The following metabolites were found to form crystals: Metabolite l : 6- {Di?uoro[6—( l H-pyrazol—4-yl)[ l ,2,4]triazo lo [4,3-b]pyridazin-3 -yl]methyl} quino lin- 2(1H)-one.
Metabolite 2 : 6- {Di?uoro[6-( 1 -methyl- 1 H-pyrazol—4-yl)[ l ,2,4]triazo 10 [4,3 -b]pyridazin-3— yl]methy1} quino lin-2( l H)-one.
Solubility of lite 2 : at pH 4.84, solubility of 0.001 mg/ml at pH 7.33, solubility of 0.002 mg/ml.
Because no Viable strategies were identi?ed to circumvent the renal toxicity, further clinical development of compound A was abandoned.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a novel triazolopyridazine as a protein ne kinase modulator, in particularly an inhibitor of c-Met, and the use of such compound to reduce or inhibit kinase activity of c-Met in a cell or a subject, and modulate c-Met expression in a cell or subject, and the use of such compound for preventing or treating in a subject a cell proliferative disorder and/or disorders related to c—Met. In particular, the present invention relates to said compound for use as a medicine, for use in the treatment of a cell erative disorder and/or a disorder related to c-Met.
The present invention relates to said compound for use in the prevention or treatment, in particular treatment, of cancer, of a cell erative disorder and/or a disorder related to c-Met, or to the use of said compound for the manufacture of a medicament for the prevention or the treatment, in particular treatment, of cancer, a cell proliferative disorder and/or a disorder related to c-Met.
The present ion also relates to a ceutical composition comprising the compound ofthe invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Another aspect ofthe present invention is a ceutical composition prepared by mixing the compound ofthe invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
Other features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of the invention and from the claims.
FIGURES Fig.1 : A) Western blot for EBC-l; B) pMet protein levels normalized to actin in EBC-l cells; C) Western blot for Snu-S B : D) pMet n levels normalized to actin in Snu-S cells.
DETAILED PTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the ing compound of formula (I) and N-oxides, pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, wherein D ents ium.
In an , the present invention relates to the following compound of formula (I) _ 5 _ N\;\EN;NL \ / \ N (I) and pharmaceutically able salts and so lvates f, wherein D represents deuterium.
In an aspect, the present invention relates to the following compound of formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein D represents deuterium.
In an aspect, the present invention relates to the following compound of formula (I) IN\ F N\ D / /N‘N \ / \ \N’ n D represents deuterium.
It will be recognized that some ion of l isotopic abundance occurs in a synthesized compound depending upon the origin of chemical materials used in the synthesis. Thus, a preparation of compound A will inherently contain small amounts of deuterium. The concentration of such naturally occurring deuterium is small (natural abundance is 0,015%) and immaterial as compared to the content of deuterium ofthe nd of this invention.
The compound of the present invention is distinguished from such lly occurring minor forms in that the term "compound" as used in this invention refers to a composition of matter wherein the abundance of deuterium is much higher than the natural abundance (0.015%), e.g. at least 1000 times higher (15%).
In an aspect of the invention, the compound of a (I) has a deuterium content in 2—position of the quinoline (D) of at least 50 % (D/H ratio at least 1:1), of at least 60%, of at least 70%, of at least 80%, of at least 90%, of at least 91%, of at least 92%, of at least 93%, of at least 94%, of at least 95%, of at least 96%, of at least 97%, of at W0 20161087586 _ 6 _ least 98%, of at least 99%. Preferably the deuterium content in 2-position of the quino line (D) is at least 93%, more preferably the deuterium content in 2—position of the quinoline (D) is at least 97% or 98%.
When a position is designated speci?cally as "H" or "hydrogen," or its chemical entation implies hydrogen, it is understood to have hydrogen at its natural abundance isotopic composition.
It was found that with the present nd of formula (I) the formation of insoluble/less soluble aldehyde oxidase mediated metabolites is down regulated. This may decrease renal toxicity.
Furthermore, it was found that there is a metabolisation switch for the present compound of formula (I) compared to the metabolisation of compound A (up tion of CYP450 mediated metabolite formation). In case of the t compound of formula (I) more of the N—desmethyl metabolite with the following structure is formed (an active metabolite) compared to the formation of the N—desmethyl metabolite with the following structure upon administration of compound A. This may lower the therapeutically effective dose for the compound of a (I) compared to compound A.
Further it was found that the compound of formula (I) also shows inhibition of the 14C-Metformin uptake in OCT2 cells.
As used hereinafter, the terms "compound of formula (1)" and "compounds of formula (1)" are meant to include also the N—oxides, pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof.
PHARMACEUTICALLY ABLY SALTS The compound of the present invention may also be present in the form of a pharmaceutically able salt, in particular a pharmaceutically able acid addition salt.
W0 2016,:‘087586 For use in medicines, the salts of the compounds of this invention refer to non-toxic "pharmaceutically acceptable salts." FDA approved ceutically acceptable salt forms (Ref. ational J. Pharm. 1986, 33, 201-217; J. Pharm. Sci, 1977, Jan, 66(1), p1) include pharmaceutically able acidic/anionic or basic/cationic salts.
Pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts include, and are not limited to acetate, esulfonate, benzoate, bicarbonate, bitartrate, bromide, calcium edetate, camsylate, carbonate, chloride, citrate, dihydrochloride, edetate, edisylate, estolate, esylate, te, glyceptate, gluconate, glutamate, glycollylarsanilate, hexylresorcinate, hydrabamine, hydrobromide, hydrochloride, hydroxynaphthoate, iodide, isethionate, lactate, lactobionate, malate, e, ate, mesylate, methylbromide, methylnitrate, methylsulfate, mucate, napsylate, nitrate, pamoate, henate, phosphate/diphosphate, polygalacturonate, late, stearate, subacetate, succinate, sulfate, tannate, tartrate, te, tosylate and triethiodide.
Organic or inorganic acids also include, and are not limited to, hydriodic, perchloric, sulfuric, phosphoric, propionic, glycolic, methanesulfonic, hydroxyethanesulfonic, oxalic, 2-naphthalenesulfonic, p-toluenesulfonic, cyclohexanesulfamic, saccharinic or tri?uoroacetic acid. The pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the t invention also include stereochemically isomeric forms f.
STEREOCHEMICALLY ISOMERIC FORMS One skilled in the art will recognize that the nd of formula (I), in particular in case of salts, may have one or more asymmetric carbon atoms in its structure. It is intended that the present invention include within its scope single enantiomer forms of the compounds, racemic mixtures, and mixtures of omers in which an enantiomeric excess is t.
The term "single enantiomer" as used herein de?nes all the le homochiral forms which the compound of formula (I) may possess.
Stereochemically pure isomeric forms may be obtained by the application of art known principles. Diastereoisomers may be separated by physical separation methods such as fractional crystallization and chromatographic techniques, and enantiomers may be separated from each other by the selective crystallization of the diastereomeric salts with optically active acids or bases or by chiral chromatography.
Pure stereoisomers may also be prepared synthetically from appropriate stereochemically pure starting materials, or by using stereoselective reactions.
W0 2016/‘087586 The term "W" refers to compounds that have the same composition and molecular weight but differ in physical and/or chemical ties. Such substances have the same number and kind of atoms but differ in structure. The structural difference may be in constitution (geometric isomers) or in an ability to rotate the plane ofpolarized light (enantiomers).
The term "stereoisomer" refers to isomers of identical constitution that differ in the arrangement of their atoms in space. Enantiomers and diastereomers are stereoisomers wherein an asymmetrically substituted carbon atom acts as a chiral center.
The term "chiral" refers to the ural characteristic of a molecule that makes it impossible to superimpose it on its mirror image.
The term "enantiomer" refers to one of a pair of molecular species that are mirror images of each other and are not superimposable.
The term ereomer" refers to stereoisomers that are not mirror images.
The symbols "R" and "S" represent the con?guration of substituents around a chiral carbon ).
The term "racemate" or "racemic mixture" refers to a composition composed of equimolar quantities of two enantiomeric species, wherein the composition is devoid of optical activity.
The term "homochiral" refers to a state of enantiomeric purity.
The term "optical activity" refers to the degree to which a homochiral molecule or nonracemic mixture of chiral molecules rotates a plane of polarized light.
The term "geometric " refers to isomers that differ in the orientation of substituent atoms in onship to a carbon-carbon double bond, to a lkyl ring or to a bridged bicyclic system. Substituent atoms (other than H) on each side of a carbon-carbon double bond may be in an E or Z con?guration. In the "E" (opposite sided) con?guration, the substituents are on opposite sides in relationship to the carbon— carbon double bond; in the "Z" (same sided) con?guration, the substituents W0 20161087586 are oriented on the same side in relationship to the carbon-carbon double bond.
Substituent atoms (other than H) attached to a carbocyclic ring may be in a cis or trans con?guration. In the "cis" con?guration, the substituents are on the same side in relationship to the plane of the ring; in the " con?guration, the substituents are on te sides in relationship to the plane of the ring. Compounds having a mixture of "cis" and "trans" species are designated "cis/trans".
It is to be understood that the various tuent stereoisomers, geometric isomers and mixtures thereof used to prepare compounds of the present invention are either commercially available, can be prepared synthetically from commercially available starting materials or can be prepared as isomeric mixtures and then obtained as resolved isomers using techniques well-known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
The isomeric descriptors "R," "S," "E," "Z," "cis," and "trans" are used as bed herein for ting atom con?guration(s) relative to a core molecule and are intended to be used as de?ned in the literature (IUPAC Recommendations for Fundamental chemistry (Section E), Pure Appl. Chem, 1976, 45:13—30).
The compounds of the present ion may be prepared as individual isomers by either isomer-speci?c synthesis or resolved from an isomeric mixture. tional resolution ques include g the free base of each isomer of an ic pair using an optically active salt (followed by fractional crystallization and regeneration ofthe free base), forming an ester or amide of each of the isomers of an isomeric pair (followed by tographic separation and removal of the chiral auxiliary) or resolving an isomeric mixture of either a starting material or a ?nal product using preparative TLC (thin layer chromatography) or a chiral HPLC (high performance/pressure liquid chromatography) column.
RPHS AND SOLVATES Furthermore, the compound of the present invention may have one or more rphic crystalline forms or may be amorphous. As such these forms are intended to be included in the scope of the invention. In addition, the compound may form solvates, for example with water (i.e., hydrates) or common organic solvents (e.g. alcohols). As used herein, the term "solite" means a al association of the compound of the present invention with one or more solvent molecules. This physical association involves varying degrees of ionic and covalent bonding, including hydrogen bonding. In certain instances the solvate will be capable of isolation, for example when one or more solvent molecules are incorporated in the crystal lattice of _ 10 _ the crystalline solid. The term "solvate" is intended to encompass both solution-phase and isolatable solvates. Non-limiting examples of suitable solvates include ethanolates, methanolates, and the like. It is intended that the present ion include within its scope solvates of the compound of the present invention. Also the pharmaceutically able salts and N-oxides of the compound of the present invention may form a solvate. Also the solvates of the pharmaceutically able salts and N—oxides of the compound of the invention are included Within the scope of the invention.
Thus, in the methods of treatment or prevention of the present invention, the term istering" shall encompass the means for treating, ameliorating or preventing a syndrome, disorder or disease described herein with the compound of the present invention or a solvate thereof, which would obviously be included within the scope of the invention albeit not speci?cally disclosed.
PREPARATION OF THE COMPOUND OF THE PRESENT INVENTION The compound of formula (I) can be prepared by reductive deuteration of an intermediate of formula (11) wherein W1 represents chloro, bromo or iodo, iodo being preferred, in the presence of deuterium gas and in the presence of a suitable catalyst, such as for example a palladium st, e.g. palladium on charcoal 10% (10% Pd/C), or a Pt catalyst, a palladium catalyst, in particular palladium on charcoal, being red, a suitable solvent or solvent mixture, such as for example methanol, deuterated methanol OD, d4-MeOD), ydrofuran, N-methyl—Z— pyrrolidone (NMP), or es thereof such as a mixture of tetrahydro?iran and ol or a mixture of ydro?aran and deuterated methanol, the latter being preferred, and a le base, such as for example triethylamine or sodium carbonate (N32C03), the latter being preferred. The catalyst is preferably dried since traces of water can act as an hydrogen source. onally, the catalyst is preferably pre- deuterated with ium gas to remove catalyst bounded hydrogen. Additionally, the catalyst is preferably washed to remove catalyst bounded hydrogen. The v:v ratio of deuterated methanol to tetrahydrofuran in the solvent mixture is ably ranging from 1:9 to 1:2, preferably is 1:4.
\ W1 _N deuterium gas W0 2016,:‘087586 The nd of formula (I) can also be prepared by reacting an intermediate of formula (III) wherein W2 represents a le leaving group, such as for example halo, e.g. chloro and the like, with an ediate of formula (IV) in the presence of a le solvent, such as an alcohol, e. g. n-butanol.
NH-NH2 (III) (IV) For the synthesis of intermediates of formula (III) reference is made to WO2007/075567, which is incorporated herein by reference.
The compound of formula (I) can also be prepared by ng an intermediate of formula (V) wherein W3 represents a suitable leaving group, such as for example halo, e.g. chloro and the like, with an intermediate of formula (VI) in the presence of a suitable st, such as for e szdbag, a suitable ligand, such as for example P(tBu3)BF4, a suitable base, such as for example Na2C03, and a suitable solvent, such as for example dioxane.
F N —N m —> N XKCCH W3 IN \N / UN, I —N\;\ / 0 \ (5 (V) (I) For the synthesis of intermediates of formula (VI) reference is made to W02007/075567, which is incorporated herein by reference.
Intermediates of formula (V) can be prepared by reacting an intermediate of a (IV) with an intermediate of formula (VII) wherein W3 is as de?ned above, in a suitable solvent, such as for example an alcohol, e. g. n—butanol.
F F H2N~ N + l N‘ O / / —> W N \ / / N H W SUN\ (IV) (VII) (V) For the synthesis of intermediates of formula (VII) reference is made to W02007/075567, which is incorporated herein by reference.
W0 2016;087586 _ 12 _ An embodiment of the present invention relates to a process of preparing a compound of a (1) characterized by a) reductive deuteration of an intermediate of formula (11) wherein W1 represents chloro, bromo or iodo in the presence of deuterium gas and in the presence of a suitable catalyst, a suitable solvent or solvent mixture, and a suitable base, \ W1 _N deuterium gas wherein D represents deuterium; b) reacting an intermediate of formula (111) n W2 ents a suitable leaving group, with an intermediate of formula (IV) wherein D represents ium, in the presence of a le solvent, I F IN * 0 W2 NH-NH2 (III) (IV) c) reacting an intermediate of formula (V) wherein W3 represents a suitable leaving group and wherein D represents deuterium, with an intermediate of formula (VI) in the presence of a suitable catalyst, a suitable base, and a suitable solvent, MF N N _:N w3 /N‘N \N / + —N'\;\ (V) 7&4 (I) or, if desired, converting the compound of formula (1), into a therapeutically active non-toxic acid addition salt by ent with an acid, or conversely, converting the acid addition salt form into the free base by treatment with alkali, or, if desired, preparing, solvates or N—oxide forms thereof.
W0 2016I087586 2015/078525 _ 13 _ Examples of individual compound syntheses are shown below.
Example 1 1 2 a)Drying the catalyst: The st 10% Pd/C (Escat 1931, BASF) was dried prior to use. The following conditions were applied 0 cabinet drier, applying 85°C / < 100 mbar / 24 hours followed by applying 85°C / <1 mbar / 24 hours 0 wet catalyst spread in a beaker glass (?lling high < 5 mm, container covered with a tissue) b)Pre-deuteration of the catalyst: A shaked ?ask (6 L, glass) containing 19.3 g of dry catalyst (10% Pd/C, Escat 1931, BASF), 40.6 g sodium carbonate (2 eq., 0.384 mol, Aldrich 71347), 1.6 1 tetrahydro?aran (THF) (Aldrich 87371) and 200 ml dl-methanol (Aldrich 151939) was ?ushed with nitrogen. The shaked ?ask was sealed, purged with three cycles deuterium/vacuum and ?nally set under a ium atmosphere (1.05 bar, absolute). The shaker was started and the catalyst was pre-deuterated at °C for one hour.
Pre-deuteration was stopped by replacing the ium atmosphere with nitrogen.
Finally, the solvent was d by decantation. c)Reductive deuteration procedure: A slurry of 96.5 g starting al 1 (0.192mol) in 1.6 1 THF (Aldrich 87371) and 390 ml dl-methanol (Aldrich 151939) was added to the pre-deuterated catalyst/additive mixture. The shaked ?ask was sealed, purged with three cycles deuterium/vacuum and ?nally set under a deuterium atmosphere (1.05 bar). The shaker was started and the deuterium uptake was monitored. (During the ?rst hour reaction time, the ium uptake was on a very low level.) After 24 hours reaction time, the deuteration was interrupted by ing the deuterium atmosphere with nitrogen. An analytical sample was taken and analyzed by HPLC. According to HPLC is, the starting material was fully converted.
The reaction mixture was diluted with 1 ldichloromethane (DCM), the catalyst was ?ltered off and the ?lter cake was washed with 500 m1 DCM. To isolate the desired product 2, the solvent was removed by evaporation at 45°C / . Approx. 100 g crude product were isolated as a yellow solid (still containing inorganic salts).
W0 87586 _ 14 _ Liquid-liquid extraction: The crude product was taken up in 1.6 l DCM / 1 1 1M NaOH and transferred into a separation funnel. After mixing, the two layers were separated and the organic layer was washed with l l sed water. All aqueous layers were extracted for a second time with l 1DCM. The two DCM layers were combined, dried over NaZSO4 and ?nally the solvent was removed by evaporation (45°C / vacuum). 65.4 g product 2 (compound of formula (1)) were isolated as an off-white solid.
According to HPLC analysis, the purity ofthe material was 97%. Based on 1H-NMR analysis, the deuterium t in 2-position ofthe quino line moiety was 98.6% Starting al 1 was prepared according to the below reaction scheme : N 0' \ oxidation , FM\ / —> —N \ ’N starting al 3 starting material 4 rearrangement N iodination \ l ng material 1 starting material 2 step 1 : in the ce of a suitable oxidation reagent, such as for example mCPBA (meta-chloroperbenzoic acid), and a suitable solvent, such as for example dichloromethane. The reaction was performed at room temperature. step 2 : in the presence of TosCl (tosyl chloride; 4-methylbenzenesulfony1 chloride), a suitable base, such as for example NaOAc (sodium acetate), and a suitable solvent, such as for example romethane, ed by reaction in the presence of LiOH, and a suitable solvent, such as for example an alcohol, e. g. methanol. step 3 : in the presence of NaI, (CF3SOZ)20 (tri?ic anhydride; tri?uoromethanesulfonic anhydride), in the presence of a suitable solvent, such as for example acetonitrile and pyridine.
W0 2016I087586 _ 15 _ Synthesis starting material 3 Starting material 4 (400 g) (compound A; WO2007/075567), mCBA (meta- chloroperbenzoic acid) (1.2 eq.) and dichloromethane (10V) (1 V is 1 liter per kg of ng material) were mixed for 17 hours at room temperature. The e was neutralized with a saturated aqueous solution 03 until pH>8. The mixture was stirred for 0.5 hour. The mixture was ?ltered and the solid was washed with water until a pH of about 7. The solid was dried under vacuum at room ature.
Yield : 410 g of starting material 3.
Synthesis starting material 2 Starting material 3 (410 g), TosCl (tosyl chloride; 4-methylbenzenesulfonyl chloride) (2 eq.) and dichloromethane (20 V) (l V is 1 liter per kg of starting material) were mixed. NaOAc (4 eq.) was added and the mixture was stirred for 2 hours. The solvent was removed under vacuum. Methanol was added (20 V). The mixture was d.
LiOH.H20 was added (5 eq.) and the mixture was stirred for 17 hours at room temperature. The mixture was trated to remove 16 V of methanol and 20 V of water was added. The mixture was neutralized with concentrated HCl until a pH of about 6. The mixture was stirred for 0.5 hour and ?ltered. The solid was dried under vacuum at 50 °C. The solid was slurried with water (10 V) for 0.5 hour. The mixture was ?ltered. The solid was dried under vacuum at 50 OC. The slurrying step and drying step was repeated once. Yield : 375 g of starting material 2.
Synthesis starting material 1 Starting al 2 (190 g), pyridine (1 eq.) and acetonitrile (10 eq.) were mixed and the mixture was cooled down to below 0 0C. (CF3S02)20 (4 eq.) was added slowly dropwise and the reaction temperature was controlled to be no more than 5 0C. After addition, the mixture was heated to 20 0C and stirred for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was cooled down to below 0 0C. (CF3S02)20 (1 eq.) was added dropwise. NaI (7 V) (l V is 1 liter per kg of ng material) was added slowly and the reaction temperature was controlled to be no more than 5 0C. After addition, the reaction mixture was heated to 50 0C and stirred for 17 hours at 50 0C. Ethyl e was added, the mixture was washed with water, 10 % Na2S203 solution, brine. The organic layer was dried with anhydrous Na2S04, and puri?ed with gel chromatography. Yield : 98.5 g of starting material 1.
W0 2016,:‘087586 Exam le 2: o‘ (.3: CHCI N+ NaOD D o N\ NH + coo- _,I Ni Raney MeOH 48h rt 2d / 100,C 3h I +BJ?rOEt 70°C 0.5h =99% y= 96% g y: 83% 1)CuSOA, DMSO N N \ D (+ )sodiurnLascorbate nButanol rtto 50"C 15h N\ l N\ F / 125°C 15h \ 2)NH-NH22,2HOHO N y=59% \’ "Cto2rt20 min formula(l) y: 450/ PdC|2(PPh3)2 Purity = 93—94% N CI N\ NEIZCO3 2M, dioxane U 80°C,15h \ y =86°A: 0 Synthesis of intermediate 1 : roperoxybenzoic acid (13.5 g, 78.4 mmol) was added portionwise to 6- iodoquinoline (CAS 133276) (10 g, 39.2 mmol) in CHC13 (300 mL) at room temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred for 2 days then poured into an aqueous on of K2C03 10%. The organic layer was extracted with dichloromethane (DCM). The c layer was dried (MgSO4), ?ltered and evaporated until dryness to give 10.5 g of intermediate 1 (99%).
N D -I/©LJ\ 0 Synthesis of intermediate 2 A mixture of intermediate 1 (5.2 g, 19.2 mmol) and a solution ofNaOD (40% in D20) (3.4 mL 48.4 mmol) in D20 (100 mL) was heated to 100°C for 2 days. The mixture was cooled to room temperature. D20 was added and the precipitate was d, washed with D20 and dried to yield 4.9 g of intermediate 2 (96%).
IOUN\ D 0 Smthesis of intermediate 3 : A mixture of intermediate 2 (4.8 g, 17.64 mmol), HCOO'NH4+ (6.68 g, 0.106mol) and Ni of Raney (6.2 g, 0.106 mol) in MeOH (methanol) (130 mL) were heated to 60°C for 1.5 hour. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, poured into W0 2016f087586 D20, d with K2C03 and extracted with EtOAc (ethyl acetate). The organic layer was dried (MgSO4), ?ltered and evaporated until dryness.
The residue (4 g) was puri?ed by chromatography over silica gel (80 g of lar SiOH 35-40um, mobile phase : graduent from 100% DCM to 95% DCM 5% CH30H 0.1% . The pure ons were collected and evaporated until dryness to give 2.9 g of ediate 3 (83%).
H2N~N H F 0 Synthesis of intermediate 4 : (+)—sodium L—ascorbate (2.32 g, 11.7 mmol) was added to a solution of CuSO4.5H2O (1.95 g, 7.8mmol) in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) (25 mL) under N2 at room temperature and the mixture was stirred for 2 hours. Ethylbromodi?uoroacetate (0.55 mL, 4.3 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred for 1.5 hour ed by the addition of intermediate 3 (1 g, 3.9 mmol). After heating at 50°C for 15 hours, the mixture was cooled down to 10°C and NH2-NH2.H2O (4.76 mL 78.1 mmol) was added. H20 (12 mL) was added dropwise (exothermic) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 minutes. EtOAc was added and the mixture was d through a short pad of Celite®. The organic layer was extracted, dried (MgSO4), ?ltered and evaporated until dryness.
The residue (1 g) was puri?ed by chromatography over silica gel (40 g of silica gel 30um, mobile phase: graduent from 100% DCM to 90% DCM 10% CH30H 0.1% NH4OH). The pure fractions were collected and evaporated until s to give 0.42 g of intermediate 4 (45%). 0 sis of intermediate 5 : A solution of 3,6-dichloropyridazine (4.57 g, 0.0031 mol), (1-methy1—1H-pyrazol—4- y1)boronic acid pinacol ester (3.82 g, 0.0184 mol) and a solution ofNa2C03 2M (18.3 mL) in dioxane (18.4 mL) was stirred for 1 minute. PdCl2(PPh3)2 (1.29 g, 0.0018 mol) was added and the solution was heated at 80°C for 15 hours. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and poured into water. K2C03 was added and the mixture was d through a short pad of Celite®. The organic layer was dried (MgSO4), ?ltered and evaporated to dryness. The Celite® was washed with CH2C12, the ?ltrate was dried (MgSO4) and evaporated. The residue was crystallized from CH2C12, The precipitate was ?ltered and dried to give 1.5 g of a ?rst batch of intermediate 5 (42%).
The ?ltrate was puri?ed by chromatography over silica gel (30 g of SiOHl5-40um, W0 2016,:‘087586 mobile phase : gradient from CHzClz 100% to CHzClz 95%/CH30H 5%). The pure fractions were collected and evaporated until dryness to give 1.58 g of a second batch of intermediate 5 (44%).
Global 86% 0 sis of compound of formula (I) : A mixture of intermediate 4 (0.41 g, 1.7 mmol) and intermediate 5 [9435416] (0.335 g, 1.7 mmol) in nButanol (30 mL) was heated at 125°C for 15 hours. The on mixture was cooled down to room temperature and evaporated until dryness.
The residue was puri?ed by chromatography over silica gel (40 g of irregular SiOH -40um, mobile phase : graduent from 100% DCM to 90% DCM 10% CH30H 0.1% NH4OH) . The pure fractions were collected and evaporated until dryness. The residue (0.41 g) was purified by achiral SFC (supercritical ?uid chromatography) (Stationary phase: 2 ETHYLPYRIDINE 6um .2mm, mobile phase: 85% C02, 15% MeOH). The pure fractions were collected and evaporated until dryness. The residue (0.387 g) was crystallized from diisopropylether. The precipitate was ?ltered and dried to give 0.315 g of nd of formula (I) (48%, the deuterium content in 2- position ofthe quinoline moiety = 93-94%). M.P. = 201.6°C (DSC). leExam 3 DCIU—>13°02"nButanol N N F / [Z \N ' ,-0B CI V: 66% .N 6 glx Pd dba 85°C, 15h,sealed tube , P(tBu )BF 2 3 3 4 y 284’ Na2COB 2M, dioxane I o S?thesis of ediate 6 : A mixture of intermediate 4 (0.42 g, 1.76 mmol) and 3,6—dichloropyridazine (0.788 g, 5.3 mmol) in nButanol (12 mL) was heated at 130°C for 2 hours. The mixture was cooled down to room temperature and evaporated until dryness. DCM was added and W0 20161087586 the mixture was stirred with an aqueous solution of K2C03 10%. The organic layer was extracted, dried (MgSO4), ?ltered and evaporated until dryness. The residue (0.9 g) was puri?ed by chromatography over silica gel (40 g of irregular SiOH 35-40um, mobile phase : graduent from 100% DCM to 95% DCM 5% CH30H 0.1% NH4OH) .
The pure fractions were collected and ated until dryness to give 0.385 g of intermediate 6 (66%). 0 Synthesis of nd of formula (I) In a sealed tube, a solution of intermediate 6 (183 mg, 0.55 mmol), (1-methyl-1H- pyrazol—4—yl)boronic acid pinacol ester (343 mg, 1.65 mmol), P(tBu3)BF4 (47.9 mg, 0.165 mmol) and an s solution 03 2M (1.65 mL, 3.3 mmol) in dioxane (4 mL) was purged with N2 for 10 minutes. szdbag (101 mg, 0.11 mmol) was added and the mixture was purged for an additional 5 minutes. The mixture was heated at 85°C for 15 hours and cooled to room ature. hyl-1H—pyrazol—4— yl)boronic acid pinacol ester (343 mg, 1.65 mmol), P(tBu3)BF4 (47.9 mg, 0.165 mmol), szdbag (101 mg, 0.11 mmol) and an aqueous solution of Na2C03 2M (1.65 mL, 3.3 mmol) were added and the mixture was heated to 85°C for 5 hours. The mixture was cooled down to room temperature, poured into H20+K2C03 and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was dried (MgSO4), ?ltered and evaporated until dryness. The e was puri?ed by chromatography over silica gel (24 g of irregular SiOH 35-40um, mobile phase : graduent from 100% DCM to 95% DCM 5% CHgOH 0.1% NH4OH). The pure ons were collected and evaporated until dryness to give 58 mg of compound of formula (I) (28%, the deuterium content in 2- position ofthe quinoline moiety was 93-94%).
NMR method used to determine content of deuterium/hydrogen in Example 1 Instrument Bruker Avance 300 Solvent CDC13 Sample Preparation 10-25mg in 0.7ml CDCl3, ?ltered Probe head 5 mm QNP 1H/13 Pulse program zg30 _ 20 _ Number of Scans 16 or 254 Temperature 29°C Relaxation time 4.6 sec.
Chemical Shifts According to 1H—NMR prediction a chemical shift of 8.84ppm is expected (ChemOf?ce). Based on the integral and the expected chemical shift, the hydrogen signal was allocated in the range of 8.9 to 9.0ppm to the corresponding position.
NMR method used to determine content of deuterium/hydrogen in Example 2 and 3 ment Bruker Avance III 500 Solvent DMSO or CDC13 Sample Preparation ~ 4mg in 0.7ml CDC13 or DMSO Probe head 5 mm TXI Z-GRD (1H/13C/15N) Pulse program zg30 Number of Scans 16 Temperature 22°C Relaxation time 1 sec.
Chemical Shifts Deuterium/hydrogen ratio ed based on the integral and chemical shift at 9.02ppm.
Analytical HPLC method for ination of the product purity in Example 1 Instruments Agilent Chemstation 1100 Column Agilent Eclipse Plus, C18 4.6 X 100 mm, 3.5um Solvent A: Water + 0.1% TFA; B: ACN + 0.1% TFA Gradient 1% B to 100% in 10 min, then 2 min at 100% B; post time: 2 min Flow 1.0 ml/min.
Detection: UV (220 nm) Temperature 30°C Sample concentration 0.5 mg product in 1.0 ml MeOH ion volume 1.0 uL Run time 14 min.
Retention times: t 2 (compound of formula (1)): 5.1 minutes.
BIOLOGICAL TY The following representative assays can be med in determining the biological activities of the compound within the scope of the invention. They are given to illustrate the invention in a non-limiting fashion.
Inhibition of proliferation of cancer cells carrying Met ampli?cation and dependent on Met signaling by the compound of formula 11) Proliferation assay with Alamar blue Cells were seeded out in a 96-well plate in 180ul growth medium. Depending on the growth curve test the amount of cells per well was different for each cell line. The cells were incubated ght in an incubator at 37°C in a humidi?ed 5% C02 atmosphere. The next day: The compound plate was prepared and 4ul of compound was added to 196ul of pre-warmed medium. 20ul of this was added to 180ul of cells.
This was incubated for 4 days after adding the compound at 37°C in a humidi?ed 5% C02 atmosphere. After the 4 days 40ul of Alamar blue solution was added. This was incubated at 37°C in a humidi?ed 5% C02 atmosphere for 4 hours (depending on the cell line this was tested before at different hours of incubation during the growth _ 22 _ curve test). After the 4 hours the ?uorescence was measured at excitation 530 nm, emission 590 nm. The ?uorescence of control (DMSO treatment) was taken as 100% and the ?uorescence of cells incubated with compounds was calculated against the control in %. So a dose se curve could be made and a IC50 could be calculated.
Growth medium, cell culture medium used: For Snu—S Medium IMDM 500 ml —20% FCS 120 ml 2 mM L-Glutamine 50 ug/ml Gentarnycine For EBC-l Medium EMEM 500 ml % FCS 2 mM L—Glutamine 1% PenStrep Results : |C50 compound A |C50 compound of Cell line [M] formula (I) [M] SNU-5 1.38E-8 8 l EBCl 1.34E-08 8 l Inhibition of phosphorylation of Met in dose response by compound of formula Western Blot Cell line: EBC-l and Sun-5 Samples were run on SDS-PAGE. After that the gel was run on an I-Blot machine (Invitrogen). Principle: by ical the proteins were transferred to the PDVF membrane.
The PDVF membrane was ?rst blocked for 1 hour at room temperature with blocking buffer (Odyssey ng buffer (PBS); . After blocking the membrane was incubated with the primary antibody for overnight at 4°C. The next day the blots were washed with TBS-tween 0.1% 3 times 5 minutes. The secondary antibody was put _ 23 _ onto the blot for 1 hour at room temperature. After incubation the blots were washed with een 0.1% for 3 times 5 minutes. The blots were scanned for .
Antibodies used: Primary antibodies: 0 Cell Signaling technology #3077, anti-pMet (Tyr1234/1235) rabbit mAb, 1/2,000 0 Cell Signaling technology #3127, anti-Met (25H2) mouse mAb, 1/ 1,000 0 Sigma A1978, anti-b-Act mouse mAb, 1/30,000 Secondary antibodies: 0 Invitrogen 6, Alexa Fluor® 680 Goat Anti-Rabbit lgG (H+L), l/4,000 0 Rockland # 610124, Mouse lgG (H&L) Antibody lRDye800® ated Pre- adsorbed, l/4,000 Results are shown in Figure 1 In vivo pharmacokinetic determination of compound 11), compound A and their metabolites in New Zealand White Rabbits.
Male New Zealand rabbits (Crl: KBL (NZW), Charles River, France) and female New Zealand rabbits (NZW INRA A1077, Centre Lago) were used. Per compound (compound of fomula (I) and compound A) one male and two female rabbits were used with a mean weight of 2.6 i 0.2 kg. A te plasma concentration time- pro?le was ed from each individual animal. rd diet and tap water were ble ad libitum. Compound of formula (I) and compound A were both dissolved in a 10 % (w/v) SBE-B-CD (sulfobutyl ether-beta-cyclodextrin) research grade (Captisol) solution at a final concentration of 1 mg/ml. HCl and PVP K30 were added to facilitate dissolution of the compounds. After total dissolution, the pH was brought up to 2.6/2.7 with NaOH. The formulations were stored at room temperature, protected from light and analysed quantitatively with LC-MS/MS on the day of preparation. ity of the formulations was checked on the day of dosing. Animals were dosed orally by gavage at 10 ml/kg to obtain a final dose of 10 mg/kg. From each individual dosed animal, blood samples were taken at 30 minutes, 1, 2, 4, 7 and 24 hours after oral administration. Blood was collected by multiple sampling from a lateral ear vein into Multivette® 600 K3E tubes (Sarstedt). Samples were placed immediately on melting ice and plasma was obtained following centrifugation at 4 °C for 10 minutes at approximately 1900 x g. All samples were shielded from daylight and stored at S -18 °C prior to analysis. Plasma samples were ed for compound (1), compound A, metabolite l, metabolite 2, ethyl metabolite 3 (which was calculated on the curve of N-desmethyl metabolite 4) and N-desmethyl metabolite 4 W0 2016/‘087586 _ 24 _ using a quali?ed research LC-MS/MS method. The key analytical performance rity, upper and lower limit of quanti?cation, accuracy and precision) of the method was reported together with the plasma concentrations. The lower limit of quanti?cation (LLOQ) for plasma was 1.00 ng/ml for all compounds. A limited pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using PhoenixTM Professional (Version 6.2.1). A non-compartmental analysis using the lin/log trapezoidal rule with lin/log interpolation was used for all data.
Results Basic pharmacokinetic parameters of compound of a (I) and its metabolites after single oral administration at 10 mg/kg of compound (I) in male and female rabbit. Compound A was also detected (impurity) Compound nd lite Metabolite N- of formula A 1 2 desmethyl (I) metabolite 3 Cmax 3570i2316 27.6::17.4 57.5::34.2 39.8i13.1 738i447 (ng/ml) Tmax (h) 0.5i0.0 0.5i0.0 .5 0.8?20.3 1.2:t0.8 T1/2 (h) .9 AUCO-last 8460i6519 53.7i40.6 ND 127165 2308i392 (ng.h/m1) AUCO-inf 8567i6437 62.3::47.8 409:7.0 152i81 2356i450 (ng.h/m1) MRT** (h) 0 3.24:0.76 7.0::0.7 3.8i0.7 5.1i0.3 *ND : not determined **MRT : mean residence time (hours) Basic pharmacokinetic parameters of compound A and its metabolites after single oral administration at 10 mg/kg of compound A in male and female rabbit.
Compound Metabolite lite NA l 2 desmethyl metabolite 4 Cmax 1830i1361 126i80 84.4i55.9 29912146 Tmax (h) 1.0i0.0 2.7i1.2 1010.0 1.3106 T1/2 (h) ND* ND 3.0::0.5 ND W0 2016I087586 _ 25 _ Compound Metabolite Metabolite NA 1 2 desmethyl metabolite 4 AUCO-last 8187i5735 934:|:336 34li259 93 (ngh/ml) AUCO-inf 738 1054i421 4391331 1507il90 (ngh/ml) MRT(h)** 5.2i0.9 78:14 50:09 5.7i0.9 *ND : not determined **MRT : mean nce time (hours) Metabolite l : 6- ro[6-( l H-pyrazol—4-yl)[ l ,2,4]triazo lo [4,3-b]pyridazin-3 -yl]methyl} quino lin- 2( l H)-one Metabolite 2 : 6— {Difluoro[6—( 1 —methyl- 1 H-pyrazol—4-yl)[ l ,2,4]triazo lo [4,3—b]pyridazin—3— yl]methyl}quinolin-2(1H)-one N—desmethyl metabolite 3 ; N—desmethyl metabolite 4 ; 6- {Di?uoro[6-( l H-pyrazol—4-yl)[ l ,2,4]triazo lo [4,3-b]pyridazin-3 - yl]methyl} quinoline An in vitro stud on the inhibition of OCT2 2 trans ort b the compound of formula (I! This was tested using Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells, parental or stably transfected with OCT2. 14C-Metformin was used as OCT2 substrate.
W0 2016I087586 _ 26 _ CHO cell lines, parental and stably ected with OCT2 were obtained from Solvo Biotechnology (Hungary).
CHO cells were cultured in DMEM-F12 (Dulbecco’s Modi?ed Eagle Medium) supplemented with 0.03 mg/mL L-Proline, 1% L-Glutamine, penicillin (50-100 U/mL), streptomycin (50-100 ug/mL) and 10% (v/v) foetal calf or bovine serum (FCS) further referred to as "CHO culture medium". 1. OCT2 Inhibition test Compound formulations If , non-radiolabeled and radio-labeled compounds were mixed to obtain the proper chemical and radioactive concentration. Stock solutions (200x) were prepared using the solvent indicated in the Table below. Proper solvent controls were included.
The test items and all reference and inhibitory compounds ed are mentioned in Table below.
For parental and OCT2 ected CHO cell lines: Substrates Inhibitors Incub Cell ation lines Fold Fold time Final Final Identity Solvent dllut. . Identlty. Solvent d11ut1. . (min). conc. . c0nc.(s) lon on HBSSH Parent +10 Quinidine DMSO 200x 0,300 uM 1 & uM C- mM OCT2 1X (10 metfor Hepes Compound 0, 0.3, 1, Parent . kBq/mL) min (pH of a DMSO 200x 3, 10, 30, 1 & 7.4) (I) 100 "M OCT2 tion procedure T= -24 hours Both, CHO parental and OCT2 cells were seeded into 24 well plates (1 mL/well, 400 000 cells/well) in CHO culture medium.
W0 2016I087586 _ 27 _ Day of the experiment Transport ments were performed in Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution+Ca’+Mg (HBSS+/+) supplemented with 10 mM HEPES at pH 7.4. All media added to the cells and plates were kept at 37°C.
Before the incubation, the cells in each well were washed twice with 1 mL HBSS+/+ + mM Hepes pH 7.4 at 37°C. Next, the incubation medium, containing nce substrate and the tors (or inhibitor solvent) was added (250 uL/well).
At the time of dose administration (0 min), 150 uL of the dosing solution was sampled in cate for determination of initial concentrations by Liquid Scintillation Counting (LSC). During the incubation period, the plates were kept at 37°C.
To stop the reaction, 1.5 mL ld HBSSH+ was added to each well and the liquids were aspirated. Again, to each well 2 mL ice-cold HBSSH+ was added and aspirated while keeping the plate angled. Following aspiration of the last well, all the wells were aspirated again taking care of not touching the cells.
To lyse the cells, 250 uL of Mammalian Protein Extraction Reagent (M-PER) lysis buffer was added to each well and the plates were shaken for at least 10 minutes (400 rpm). For LSC, a 150 uL sample/well was taken and for protein is a 25 uL sample/well. Protein analysis was carried out according to the bicinchoninic acid (BCA) .
DATA ANALYSIS The data is expressed in picomoles per mg protein per minute and as percentage of l (solvent control=DMSO). Sigmaplot was used to calculate IC50 values.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The uptake of 14C-Metformin (OCT2 substrate) was much higher (7.39 and 17.2 fold) in the OCT2 transfected CHO cells compared to the parental cells. This uptake was inhibited by the positive control inhibitor, 300 uM quinidine (85.5% and 100%).
These data indicate that the assay conditions used, worked ef?ciently to study the inhibitory effect of the test compound on OCT2 dependent transport.
The compound of formula (I) showed inhibition of 14C-Metformin uptake in OCT2 cells with an IC50 of0.67 i 0.02 uM. _ 28 _ Cytotoxicity test Cytotoxicity of the compound of formula (I) was determined at 100 uM, and this in both CHO parental and OCT2 cells. Also a 1% Triton- X100 condition was included, as a positive control xic t. After 1 minute of incubation the supernatant was aspirated, the dry cells washed twice with 1 mL HBSSW + 10mM Hepes pH 7.4 (37°C). After aspiration of the buffer, a 1/10 dilution of the PrestoBlueTM Viability Reagent (Life Technologies) in HBSSH+ + 10mM Hepes pH 7.4 was added and plates were incubated for 60 minutes at 37°C, protected from light. Each well was sampled (150uL) in a black 96-well plate and ?uorescence was measured (Excitation: 560nn1/12nm bandwith, Emission: 590nm/12nm bandwith).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION For the compound of formula (I) at 100 uM no cytotoxic effects were observed. With the ve control cytotoxic t, a 1% solution of Triton X—100, viability dropped dramatically (see below Table). This indicates that possible inhibitory effects are not related to a loss of cell viability.
Cell Viability (%) (after 1 minute of incubation) Condition in CHO in CHO Parental cells OCT2 cells (DMSO control) 100 100 nd of 104 103 formula (I) 100 uM Triton X-100 1% 0 0 METHODS OF TREATMENT / PREVENTION; USE OF THE COMPOUND In another aspect of the invention, the nd of the ion can be used to inhibit tyrosine kinase activity or expression, including c-Met activity, reduce kinase activity or expression, including c-Met ty, and modulate expression of c-Met in a cell or a subject, or to treat disorders related to c-Met kinase activity or expression in a subject. Inhibition of c-Met activity is believed to indirectly te c-Met expression.
W0 87586 _ 29 _ In one embodiment to this , the present invention provides a method for reducing or inhibiting the kinase activity of c-Met, and modulate expression of c-Met in a cell comprising the step of ting the cell with a compound of formula (I).
The present invention also es a method for reducing or inhibiting the kinase activity of c-Met, and modulate expression of c-Met in a subject comprising the step of stering a compound of formula (I) to the subject. The present ion further provides a method of inhibiting cell proliferation in a cell comprising the step of contacting the cell With a compound of formula (I). The present invention r provides for the compound of formula (I) for reducing or inhibiting the kinase activity of c-Met, and modulate expression of c-Met.
The term "subject" as used herein, refers to an animal, preferably a mammal, most preferably a human, who has been the object of treatment, observation or ment.
The term "contacting" as used herein, refers to the addition of compound to cells such that compound is taken up by the cell.
In other embodiments to this aspect, the present invention provides both prophylactic and therapeutic methods for treating a subject at risk of (or susceptible to) developing a cell pro liferative disorder or a disorder related to c-Met. Such disorders include pre—existing conditions d to c-Met expression (or over expression) and/or c-Met mutation.
In one example, the invention provides methods for preventing in a subject a cell erative disorder or a er related to c-Met, comprising administering to the subject a prophylactically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of formula (I) and a pharmaceutically acceptable r.
Administration ofsaid prophylactic agent can occur prior to the manifestation of symptoms characteristic ofthe cell pro liferative disorder or disorder related to c-Met, such that a disease or disorder is prevented or, alternatively, delayed in its progression. The invention provides for the compound of formula (I) for use in preventing a cell proliferative disorder or a er related to c-Met. The invention provides for the use of the compound of formula (I) for the manufacture of a ment for preventing a cell pro liferative disorder or a disorder related to c—Met.
In another example, the invention pertains to methods of treating in a subject a cell proliferative er or a disorder related to c-Met sing administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition W0 2016f087586 _ 30 _ comprising the compound of formula (I) and a pharmaceutically able r.
Administration ofsaid therapeutic agent can occur concurrently with the manifestation of symptoms characteristic of the er, such that said therapeutic agent serves as a therapy to compensate for the cell pro liferative disorder or disorders related to c-Met. The invention provides for the compound of formula (I) for use in the treatment of a cell pro liferative disorder or a disorder d to c—Met. The invention provides for the use of the compound of formula (I) for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a cell proliferative disorder or a disorder d to c-Met.
In another example, the invention pertains to methods of modulating in a subject a cell proliferative er or a disorder related to c-Met, such that modulation of the level of c-Met son or of c-Met activity may act to ameliorate the cell proliferative disorder or a disorder related to c-Met, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of formula (I) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
The invention provides for the compound of formula (I) for use in modulating a cell proliferative disorder or a er related to c-Met, such that modulation of the level of c-Met expresson or of c-Met activity may act to ameliorate the cell proliferative disorder or a disorder related to c-Met. The invention provides for the use of a compound of formula (I) for the manufacture of a medicament for modulating a cell erative disorder or a disorder d to c-Met, such that modulation of the level of c-Met expresson or of c-Met activity may act to ameliorate the cell erative disorder or a disorder related to c-Met.
The term "prophylactically effective amount" refers to an amount of an active compound or pharmaceutical agent that inhibits or delays in a subject the onset of a disorder as being sought by a researcher, veterinarian, medical doctor or other clinician.
The term "therapeutically effective " as used , refers to an amount of active compound or pharmaceutical agent that elicits the biological or medicinal response in a subject that is being sought by a researcher, veterinarian, medical doctor or other clinician, which includes alleviation of the symptoms of the disease or er being treated.
Methods are known in the art for determining therapeutically and prophylactically ive doses for the instant pharmaceutical composition.
W0 2016I087586 _ 31 _ Methods are known in the art for determining therapeutically and prophylactically effective amounts for the instant compounds.
As used herein, the term "composition" is intended to encompass a product comprising the speci?ed ingredients in the ed s, as well as any product which results, directly or indirectly, from ations of the speci?ed ients in the speci?ed amounts.
As used herein, the terms ders related to c-Met", or "disorders related to c-Met or t?osine kinase " shall include es associated with or implicating c-Met activity, for example, the overactivity of c-Met, and conditions that any with these diseases. The term "overactivity of c-Met " refers to either 1) c-Met expression in cells which ly do not express c-Met; 2) c-Met activity by cells which normally do not possess active c-Met; 3) increased c-Met expression leading to unwanted cell proliferation; or 4) mutations leading to constitutive activation of c-Met. Examples of "disorders related to c-Met" include disorders resulting from over stimulation of c-Met due to abnormally high amount of c-Met or mutations in c-Met, or disorders resulting from abnormally high amount of c-Met activity due to abnormally high amount of c-Met or mutations in c-Met.
It is known that tivity of c-Met has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases, such as cell pro liferative disorders, neoplastic disorders and cancers.
The term "cell erative disorders" refers to unwanted cell proliferation ofone or more subset of cells in a multicellular organism ing in harm (i.e., discomfort or decreased life expectancy) to the multicellular organisms. Cell pro liferative disorders can occur in different types of s and humans. Cell proliferative disorders include neoplastic disorders (as used herein, a "neoplastic disorder" refers to a tumor resulting from abnormal or uncontrolled cellular growth) and other cell proliferative disorders.
Examples of cell pro liferative disorders related to c-Met, e tumors and cancers — for instance, hereditary and sporadic human papillary renal carcinomas, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric carcinoma, glioma, ovarian cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, testicular carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, liver carcinoma, sarcoma, malignant l mesothelioma, melanoma, W0 2016f087586 multiple myeloma, osteosarcoma, atic , prostate cancer, synovial sarcoma, thyroid carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer, transitional cell carcinoma of y bladder, testicular carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, liver carcinoma — including leukemias, lymphomas, and myelomas-- for instance, acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), acute d leukemia (AML), acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL), acute erentiated leukemia (AUL), anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL), prolymphocytic leukemia (PML), juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML), adult T-cell ALL, AML with trilineage myelodysplasia (AML/TMD S), mixed lineage leukemia (MLL), myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs), myeloproliferative disorders (MPD), multiple a, (MM), myeloid sarcoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease (also called Hodgkin's lymphoma) — and diseases associated with the formation of new vasculature, such as toid, arthritis, and retinopathy.
Other cell pro liferative disorders in which overactivity of c-Met has been implicated in their enesis include cancers in which c-Met activity contributes to the invasive/metastatic phenotype, including cancers in which c-Met is not overexpressed or otherwise altered.
In a further embodiment to this aspect, the invention encompasses a combination therapy for treating or inhibiting the onset of a cell proliferative disorder or a er related to c—Met in a subject. The combination therapy comprises administering to the subject a eutically or prophylactically ive amount of a compound of formula (I), and one or more other anti-cell proliferation therapy including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, gene y and immunotherapy.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the compound of the t invention may be administered in combination with chemotherapy. As used herein, chemotherapy refers to a therapy involving a chemotherapeutic agent. Thus, the present invention relates to a combination of a compound of formula (I) and another chemotherapeutic agent. A y of chemotherapeutic agents may be used in the combined treatment methods disclosed herein. herapeutic agents contemplated as ary, include, but are not limited to: um compounds (platinum containing anti-cancer drug) (e.g.,cisplatin, carboplatin, oxaliplatin); taxane nds (e.g., paclitaxcel, docetaxol); campotothecin compounds (irinotecan, topotecan); vinca alkaloids (e.g., Vincristine, Vinblastine, Vinorelbine); anti—tumor nucleoside derivatives (e.g., S-?uorouracil, leucovorin, gemcitabine, capecitabine) ; W0 2016f087586 _ 33 _ alkylating agents (e.g., cyclophosphamide, carmustine, lomustine, pa); epipodophyllotoxins / podophyllotoxins (e. g. etoposide, teniposide); aromatase tors (e.g., anastrozole, letrozole, exemestane); anti-estrogen compounds (e. g., tamoxifen, fulvestrant), antifolates (e.g., premetrexed disodium); hypomethylating agents (e.g., azacitidine); biologics (e.g., gemtuzamab, cetuximab, rituximab, pertuzumab, zumab, bevacizumab, erlotinib); antibiotics/anthracylines (e.g. idarubicin, actinomycin D, cin, ubicin, doxorubicin, mitomycin C, dactinomycin, carminomycin, daunomycin); antimetabolites (e.g., clofarabine, aminopterin, cytosine arabinoside, rexate); tubulin-binding agents (e.g. combretastatin, colchicine, nocodazole); topoisomerase inhibitors (e.g., camptothecin); differentiating agents (e.g., retinoids, vitamin D and retinoic acid); retinoic acid metabolism blocking agents (RAMBA) (e.g., accutane); kinase inhibitors (e.g., ridol, imatinib mesylate, ib); farnesyltransferase inhibitors (e.g., tipifarnib); histone ylase inhibitors; inhibitors of the ubiquitin— proteasome pathway (e.g., bortezomib, Yondelis); FGFR (?broblast growth factor receptor) inhibitors.
In an embodiment, chemotherapeutic agents that may in particular be used in combinations as described herein are platinum compounds (platinum containing anti- cancer drugs) (e.g. cisplatin, carboplatin, oxaliplatin) in ular in View of the OCT2 inhibiting activity ofthe compound of formula (I). This combination may reduce the side effects of the platinum compounds and hence may provide for a longer treatment period With the platinum compounds. Thus, the invention relates to a combination of a nd of formula (I) and a platinum containing anti—cancer drug, such as for example cisplatin, carboplatin, oxaliplatin. In an aspect, the present invention relates to a product containing as ?rst active ingredient a platinum ning anti-cancer drug, such as for example cisplatin, carboplatin, oxaliplatin, and as second active ingredient a compound of formula (I), as a combined preparation for simultaneous, separate or sequential use in the treatment of patients suffering from cancer.
In the combinations of the present invention, the platinum containing anti-cancer drug, such as for e cisplatin, carboplatin, oxaliplatin, and the compound of formula (I) may be formulated in separate ceutical dosage forms, that can be sold independently from each other, but with the indication or instruction for their W0 20161087586 _ 34 _ combined use. Said indication or instruction can be in the form of a patient lea?et or the like, or in the form of any communication, for instance in written or oral form.
In an embodiment, chemotherapeutic agents that may in particular be used in ations as described herein are FGFR inhibitors. These combinations may be ofparticular interest in that the cMet inhibitor of formula (I) can be used to prevent resistance, delay resistance, prevent emergence of resistance or delay the emergence ofresistance of a tumour or a cancer to a FGFR inhibitor, in ular a FGFR inhibitor as described herein.
In an aspect, the present invention relates to a product containing as ?rst active ingredient a FGFR tor, and as second active ingredient a nd of formula (I), as a combined preparation for simultaneous, separate or sequential use in the treatment of patients suffering from cancer.
The FGFR inhibitor and the compound of formula (I) may be administered simultaneously (e.g. in separate or unitary compositions) or sequentially in either order. In the latter case, the two compounds will be administered within a period and in an amount and manner that is suf?cient to ensure that an advantageous or synergistic effect is achieved. It will be appreciated that the preferred method and order of administration and the respective dosage amounts and regimes for each component of the combination will depend on the particular other medicinal agent and compounds of the combinations of the present invention being administered, their route of administration, the particular tumour being treated and the particular host being treated. The m method and order of administration and the dosage amounts and regime can be readily determined by those d in the art using tional methods and in view of the information set out herein.
The weight ratio of the compounds of the combinations may be determined by the person skilled in the art. Said ratio and the exact dosage and frequency of administration depends on the particular compounds of the combinations, the particular condition being treated, the severity ofthe ion being d, the age, weight, gender, diet, time of administration and general physical condition of the particular patient, the mode of administration as well as other medication the individual may be taking, as is well known to those d in the art. rmore, it is evident that the effective daily amount may be lowered or increased ing on the response of the treated t and/or depending on the evaluation of the physician ibing the combinations of the instant invention. The weight—by—weight ratio for _ 35 _ the FGFR inhibitor and the compound of formula (I) may range from 1/10 to 10/1, more in particular from 1/5 to 5/1, even more in particular from 1/3 to 3/1.
In one embodiment, the FGFR inhibitor and the compound of formula (I) of the combinations ofthe present invention are administered sequentially in either order, on separate dosing schedules. In this case, the two compounds will be administered within a period and in an amount and manner that is suf?cient to ensure that an advantageous or synergistic effect is achieved.
In the combinations of the present invention, the FGFR inhibitor and the compound of formula (I) may be formulated in separate ceutical dosage forms, that can be sold independently from each other, but with the indication or ction for their combined use. Said indication or instruction can be in the form of a t lea?et or the like, or in the form of any communication, for instance in written or oral form.
In the combinations of the present invention, the FGFR inhibitor and the compound of formula (I) can be administered Via the same route of administration or via different routes of administration.
In one embodiment, the FGFR inhibitor and the compound of formula (I) of the combinations ofthe present invention are administered Via the same route of administration, in particular Via oral route.
The present invention also relates to a pharmaceutical product or a commercial package comprising a combination according to the t invention, in particular together with instructions for simultaneous, te or sequential use in the treatment of an FGFR tyrosine kinase ty mediated disease, especially a cancer.
In one ment, in the combinations of the present invention, the FGFR inhibitor and the compound of formula (I) are administered simultaneously.
In case of a combination of the present invention comprising compound X or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt f or a e thereof as the FGFR inhibitor it may be advantageous to administer said compound less nt than the compound W0 20161087586 _ 36 _ of formula (I) because compound X shows lysosomotropic properties and prolonged target shut down.
The FGFR inhibitor and the nd of formula (I) of the combinations of the present invention may also be co-formulated in a single formulation.
In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and as a ?rst active ingredient a FGFR inhibitor, in particular a compound selected from N-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N'- (l -methylethy1)-N- [3 -( 1 -methyl- 1 H-pyrazo l—4-yl)quinoxalin—6-yl]ethane—1 mine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt f or a solvate thereof, and N-(2-?uoro-3,5- dimethoxyphenyl)-N-( l H-imidazol—2—ylmethyl)-3 -( 1 l- 1 H-pyrazol—4- yl)pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazin—6-amine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a solvate thereof; and as a second active ingredient the compound of a (I). es ofFGFR inhibitors *) N-(3,5-dimethoxypheny1)-N'—(1-methylethyl)-N-[3-(1-methyl- l H-pyrazol yl)quinoxalinyl]ethane-1,2-diamine (compound X) is represented by the following | H /N\ O N N \ UU,N\ formula / compoundX *) N-(2-?uoro-3 ,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-( l H-imidazol—Z-ylmethyl)-3 -(1 —methyl- 1 H- pyrazol-4—y1)pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazin—6-amine (compound Y) is represented by the following formula / K" o N:§ Wcompound Y Compounds N—(3 ethoxyphenyl)-N'-( l -methylethyl)-N- [3 —( 1 —methyl— 1 H- pyrazol—4—y1)quinoxalin—6-yl]ethane-l,2-diamine und X) or a pharmaceutically W0 2016f087586 acceptable salt thereof or a solvate thereof, and N—(2-?uoro-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N— (lH—imidazol—2—ylmethyl)(1-methy1—1H—pyrazolyl)pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazin—6- amine (compound Y) or a pharmaceutically able salt thereof or a solvate thereof, and their chemical sis are described in W0201 1/ 135376 and W02013/061080, which are incorporated herein by reference. They are described as inhibitors or modulators of the activity of certain protein tyrosine kinases, in particular FGFR, and thus the compounds are useful in the treatment or prophylaxis, in ular the treatment, of disease states or conditions mediated by those tyrosine kinases, in particular FGFR. The compounds are useful in the ent or prophylaxis, in particular the treatment, of cancer.
In W0201 1/135376 present compound X is also exempli?ed as a hydrochloride salt.
In W02013/061080 present compound Y is also exempli?ed as a sulfate salt, as a hloride salt, as a phosphate salt, as a lactate salt, as a ?imarate salt.
The FGFR kinase inhibitors compound X and Y described herein have a differentiated selectivity pro?le which provides a new opportunity to use these ed agents in patient sub-groups whose disease is driven by FGFR deregulation. The FGFR kinase inhibitors compound X and Y bed herein exhibit reduced inhibitory action on additional kinases, particularly VEGFR, more in particular , and PDGFR, in particular PDGFR-beta, and offer the opportunity to have a differentiated side-effect or toxicity pro?le and as such allow for a more effective treatment of these indications. Inhibitors of VEGFR2 and PDGFR-beta are associated with toxicities such as hypertension or oedema respectively. In the case ofVEGFR2 inhibitors this hypertensive effect is often dose ng, may be contraindicated in certain patient populations and requires clinical management. The FGFR kinase inhibitors compound X and Y described herein are FGFRl, 2, 3 and 4 tors.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGFR) ar endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a polypeptide, is mitogenic for endothelial cells in vitro and stimulates enic responses in viva. VEGF has also been linked to inappropriate enesis. VEGFR(s) are protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs). PTKs catalyze the phosphorylation of speci?c tyrosine residues in proteins involved in cell ?mction thus ting cell growth, survival and differentiation.
Three PTK receptors for VEGF have been identi?ed: VEGFR-l (Flt-l) ; VEGFR-2 (Flk—l or KDR) and VEGFR—3 (Flt-4). These receptors are involved in angiogenesis and participate in signal transduction. Of particular interest is VEGFR—2, which is a W0 2016I087586 transmembrane receptor PTK expressed ily in elial cells. Activation of VEGFR—2 by VEGF is a critical step in the signal transduction pathway that initiates tumour angiogenesis. VEGF expression may be constitutive to tumour cells and can also be upregulated in response to n stimuli. One such stimuli is hypoxia, where VEGF expression is upregulated in both tumour and associated host tissues. The VEGF ligand activates VEGFR—Z by binding with its extracellular VEGF binding site.
This leads to receptor dimerization of VEGFRs and autophosphorylation oftyrosine residues at the intracellular kinase domain ofVEGFR- 2. The kinase domain es to transfer a phosphate from ATP to the tyrosine residues, thus providing binding sites for signalling proteins downstream ofVEGFR—2 leading ultimately to initiation of angiogenesis.
PDGFR A malignant tumour is the product of rolled cell proliferation. Cell growth is controlled by a delicate balance between growth-promoting and —inhibiting factors. In normal tissue the production and activity of these factors results in differentiated cells growing in a controlled and regulated manner that maintains the normal integrity and functioning of the organ. The malignant cell has evaded this control; the natural balance is disturbed (via a variety of mechanisms) and unregulated, nt cell growth . A growth factor of importance in tumour pment is the et-derived growth factor (PDGF) that comprises a family of peptide growth factors that signal through cell surface tyrosine kinase receptors (PDGFR) and ate various cellular ?anctions including growth, proliferation, and differentiation.
*) BGJ398 (3—(2,6-dichloro-3 , 5-dimethoxyphenyl)- l - [6- [4-(4-ethylpiperazin— l - yl)anilino]pyrimidin yl]-l-methylurea) having the following formula 0 CI CI m4 N...— <\ / I \ HN < > N N \__/ _\ *) AZD-4547 (N-(S-(3,5-dimethoxyphenethyl)-lH-pyrazol—3—yl)—4—((3S,5R)—3,5- dimethylpiperazin-l-yl)benzamide) having the following formula _ 39 _ HN~N 0 *) PD 173074 (IV—[2-[[4-(Diethylan1ino)butyl]amino]—6-(3,5- dimethoxyphenyl)pyrido [2,3 -d]pyrin1idin—7-yl] -N'-(l , l -dimethylethyl)urea) having the following formula CI m1 E NEH OMB N N N NH Na; K *) LY—2874455 ((R,E)—2-(4-(2-(5-(1-(3,5-dichloropyridin—4-yl)ethoxy)—1H- indazolyl)vinyl)-1H-pyrazolyl)ethanol) having the following formula lO *) Brivanib (alaninate) (S)-(R)- l -((4-((4-?uoromethyl— l H-indo lyl)oxy)—5 - methylpyrrolo[2, l -f] [l riazinyl)oxy)propan—2-yl nopropanoate.
*) Intedanib NJEJNFm: HM; Gil? N O 1 x—\ F NH2 N N N— *) nib *) Cediranib *) Masitinib W (EH3 *) Orantinib *) Ponatinib (AP24534) W0 87586 _ 41 _ "\LN?E O .r' F F N F L} *) E—7080 tinib) o NH2 N \ IOQH/LA N 0 *)E-3810 (lucitanib) O N O' N NH; Cl— *) BAY1163877, TAS-120, ARQ087, ASP5878, FF284, *) Antibodies or related compounds, such as for example HGSlO36/FP-1039; MFGR1877S; AV-370; GP369/AV-396b; HuGAL-FR21; monoclonal antibodies (BAYl 179470, RG-7444) Further useful agents for the ations as described herein include verapamil, a calcium antagonist found to be useful in combination with antineoplastic agents to establish chemosensitivity in tumor cells resistant to accepted chemotherapeutic agents and to potentiate the efficacy of such compounds in drug-sensitive ancies. See Simpson WG, The m channel blocker verapamil and cancer chemotherapy. Cell Calcium. 1985 Dec;6(6):449-67. Additionally, yet to emerge chemotherapeutic agents are contemplated as being useful in combination with the compound of the present invention.
W0 2016f087586 2015/078525 _ 42 _ In another ment of the present invention, the compound of the present invention may be administered in combination with radiation therapy. As used herein, "radiation therapy" refers to a therapy sing exposing the subject in need thereof to radiation. Such therapy is known to those skilled in the art. The appropriate scheme of radiation therapy will be r to those already employed in clinical therapies wherein the radiation therapy is used alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutics.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the compound of the present invention may be administered in combination with a gene therapy. As used herein, "gene therapy" refers to a therapy targeting on particular genes involved in tumor development. Possible gene therapy strategies include the restoration of ive -inhibitory genes, cell transduction or transfection with nse DNA ponding to genes coding for growth factors and their receptors, RNA-based strategies such as ribozymes, RNA decoys, antisense messenger RNAs and small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules and the so-called 'suicide genes'.
In other embodiments of this ion, the compound of the present invention may be administered in combination with an immunotherapy. As used herein, "immunotherapy" refers to a therapy targeting particular protein involved in tumor development Via antibodies specific to such protein. For example, monoclonal antibodies against vascular endothelial growth factor have been used in treating GI'S.
Where a second pharmaceutical is used in addition to the compound ofthe present invention, the two pharmaceuticals may be administered simultaneously (6.g. in separate or unitary compositions) sequentially in either order, at approximately the same time, or on separate dosing schedules. In the latter case, the two compounds will be administered within a period and in an amount and manner that is suf?cient to ensure that an ageous or synergistic effect is achieved. It will be appreciated that the preferred method and order of stration and the respective dosage amounts and regimes for each component of the combination will depend on the particular chemotherapeutic agent being administered in conjunction with the compound of the present invention, their route of administration, the particular tumor being treated and the particular host being treated.
As will be understood by those of ry skill in the art, the appropriate doses of chemotherapeutic agents will be generally similar to or less than those already W0 2016f087586 _ 43 _ employed in clinical therapies wherein the chemotherapeutics are administered alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutics.
The optimum method and order of stration and the dosage amounts and regime can be readily determined by those skilled in the art using conventional methods and in View of the information set out herein.
By way of example only, platinum compounds are advantageously stered in a dosage of 1 to 500 mg per square meter (mg/m2) of body surface area, for e 50 to 400 mg/mz, particularly for tin in a dosage of about 75 mg/m2 and for carboplatin in about m2 per course of treatment. Cisplatin is not absorbed orally and must therefore be delivered via injection intravenously, subcutaneously, intratumorally or intraperitoneally.
By way of example only, taxane compounds are ageously administered in a dosage of 50 to 400 mg per square meter (mg/m2) ofbody surface area, for example 75 to 250 mg/mz, ularly for axel in a dosage of about 175 to 250 mg/m2 and for docetaxel in about 75 to 150 mg/m2 per course of treatment.
By way of example only, camptothecin compounds are advantageously administered in a dosage of 0.1 to 400 mg per square meter (mg/m2) ofbody surface area, for example 1 to 300 mg/mz, particularly for irinotecan in a dosage of about 100 to 350 mg/m2 and for topotecan in about 1 to 2 mg/m2 per course of treatment.
By way of example only, vinca alkaloids may be ageously administered in a dosage of 2 to 30 mg per square meter (mg/m2) of body surface area, particularly for vinblastine in a dosage of about 3 to 12 mg/m2 for vincristine in a dosage of about 1 to 2 mg/m2 and for vinorelbine in dosage of about 10 to 30 mg/m2 per course of By way of example only, anti-tumor nucleoside derivatives may be advantageously administered in a dosage of 200 to 2500 mg per square meter (mg/m2) ofbody surface area, for example 700 t01500 mg/mz. 5-?uorouracil (5-FU) is commonly used via intravenous administration with doses ranging from 200 to 500mg/m2 (preferably from 3 to 15 mg/kg/day). Gemcitabine is advantageously administered in a dosage of about 800 to 1200 mg/m2 and capecitabine is advantageously administered in about 1000 to 2500 mg/m2 per course of treatment.
W0 2016f087586 By way of example only, alkylating agents may be advantageously administered in a dosage of 100 to 500 mg per square meter (mg/m2) of body surface area, for example 120 to 200 mg/mz, ularly for cyclophosphamide in a dosage of about 100 to 500 mg/m2 for chlorambucil in a dosage of about 0.1 to 0.2 mg/kg of body weight, for tine in a dosage of about 150 to 200 mg/m2 and for lomustine in a dosage of about 100 to 150 mg/m2 per course of treatment.
By way of example only, podophyllotoxin derivatives may be advantageously administered in a dosage of 30 to 300 mg per square meter (mg/m2) ofbody surface area, for example 50 to 250 mg/mz, particularly for etoposide in a dosage of about 35 to 100 mg/m2 and for teniposide in about 50 to 250 mg/m2 per course of treatment.
By way of example only, cycline derivatives may be advantageously administered in a dosage of 10 to 75 mg per square meter (mg/m2) ofbody surface area, for example 15 to 60 mg/m2, ularly for doxorubicin in a dosage of about 40 to 75 mg/m2, for daunorubicin in a dosage of about 25 to 45mg/m2 and for idarubicin in a dosage of about 10 to 15 mg/m2 per course of ent.
By way of example only, anti-estrogen compounds may be advantageously administered in a dosage of about 1 to 100mg daily depending on the particular agent and the condition being treated. Tamoxifen is ageously administered orally in a dosage of 5 to 50 mg, preferably 10 to 20 mg twice a day, continuing the therapy for suf?cient time to e and maintain a therapeutic effect. Toremifene is advantageously administered orally in a dosage of about 60 mg once a day, continuing the therapy for suf?cient time to achieve and maintain a therapeutic effect.
Anastrozole is advantageously administered orally in a dosage of about 1mg once a day. Droloxifene is ageously stered orally in a dosage of about -100mg once a day. Raloxifene is advantageously administered orally in a dosage of about 60mg once a day. Exemestane is advantageously administered orally in a dosage of about 25mg once a day.
By way of example only, biologics may be advantageously administered in a dosage of about 1 to 5 mg per square meter (mg/m2) ofbody surface area, or as known in the art, if different. For example, trastuzumab is advantageously administered in a dosage of 1 to 5 mg/m2 particularly 2 to 4mg/m2 per course of treatment.
Dosages may be administered, for example once, twice or more per course of treatment, which may be repeated for example every 7, 14, 21 or 28 days.
W0 2016I087586 _ 45 _ The compound of the present invention can be administered to a subject systemically, for example, intravenously, orally, subcutaneously, intramuscular, intradermal, or parenterally. The compound of the present invention can also be administered to a subject locally. Non-limiting es of local delivery systems include the use of intraluminal medical devices that include intravascular drug delivery catheters, wires, cological stents and endoluminal paving. In particular, the compound of the t invention is administered .
The compound of the present invention can ?drther be administered to a subject in combination with a targeting agent to achieve high local concentration of the compound at the target site. In addition, the compound of the present invention may be formulated for fast-release or slow-release with the objective of maintaining the drugs or agents in contact with target tissues for a period ranging from hours to weeks.
The present invention also provides a ceutical composition comprising a nd of formula (I) in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
The pharmaceutical composition may n between about 0.1 mg and 1000 mg, preferably about 100 to 500 mg, of the compound, and may be tuted into any form suitable for the mode of stration selected.
The phrases "pharmaceutically acceptable" refer to molecular entities and compositions that do not produce an adverse, allergic or other untoward reaction when administered to an , or a human, as appropriate. Veterinary uses are equally ed within the invention and "pharmaceutically acceptable" Compositions include compositions for both clinical and/or veterinary use.
Carriers include ary and inert pharmaceutical excipients, including, but not limited to, binders, ding agents, lubricants, ?avorants, sweeteners, preservatives, dyes, and coatings. Compositions suitable for oral administration include solid forms, such as pills, s, caplets, capsules (each including immediate release, timed release and sustained release formulations), granules, and powders, and liquid forms, such as solutions, syrups, elixirs, emulsions, and suspensions. Forms useful for parenteral stration include sterile solutions, emulsions and suspensions.
W0 2016,!‘087586 _ 46 _ The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention also includes a pharmaceutical composition for slow release of the compound of the present invention. The composition es a slow release carrier (typically, a polymeric carrier) and a compound of the present ion.
Slow e biodegradable carriers are well known in the art. These are materials that may form particles that capture therein an active compound(s) and slowly degrade/dissolve under a suitable environment (e.g., aqueous, acidic, basic, etc) and thereby degrade/dissolve in body ?uids and release the active compound(s) therein.
The particles are ably nanoparticles (i.e., in the range of about 1 to 500 nm in er, preferably about 50-200 nm in diameter, and most preferably about 100 nm in diameter).
The present invention also es methods to e the pharmaceutical compositions ofthis invention. The compound of formula (I), as the active ingredient, is intimately admixed with a pharmaceutical carrier according to conventional pharmaceutical compounding techniques, which carrier may take a wide variety of forms depending on the form of preparation desired for stration, e.g., oral or parenteral such as intramuscular. In preparing the compositions in oral dosage form, any of the usual ceutical media may be employed. Thus, for liquid oral ations, such as for example, suspensions, elixirs and solutions, suitable carriers and additives include water, glycols, oils, alcohols, ?avoring agents, preservatives, coloring agents and the like; for solid oral preparations such as, for example, powders, capsules, caplets, gelcaps and tablets, suitable carriers and additives include starches, sugars, ts, granulating agents, ants, binders, disintegrating agents and the like. Because of their ease in stration, tablets and capsules represent the most advantageous oral dosage unit form, in which case solid pharmaceutical rs are obviously employed. If desired, tablets may be (sugar) coated or enteric coated by standard techniques. For parenterals, the carrier will usually comprise e water, though other ingredients, for example, for purposes such as aiding solubility or for preservation, may be included. Inj e suspensions may also be prepared, in which case appropriate liquid carriers, suspending agents and the like may be employed. In preparation for slow release, for instance, a slow release carrier, typically a polymeric carrier, and a compound of the present invention are ?rst dissolved or dispersed in an organic solvent. The obtained organic solution is then added into an aqueous solution to obtain an oil-in—water-type on. Preferably, the aqueous solution includes surface—active agent(s). uently, the organic solvent is evaporated from the W0 2016f087586 _ 47 _ oil-in-water-type emulsion to obtain a colloidal suspension of particles containing the slow release carrier and the compound ofthe present ion.
The pharmaceutical compositions herein will contain, per dosage unit, e.g., tablet, capsule, powder, injection, teaspoonful and the like, an amount of the active ingredient necessary to deliver an effective dose as described above. The pharmaceutical compositions herein will contain, per unit dosage unit, e.g., tablet, capsule, powder, injection, suppository, teaspoonful and the like, from about 0.01 mg to 200 mg/kg of body weight per day. Preferably, the range is from about 0.03 to about 100 mg/kg of body weight per day, most preferably, from about 0.05 to about mg/kg ofbody weight per day. The compound may be administered on a regimen of l to 5 times per day. The dosages, r, may be varied depending upon the requirement of the ts, the severity of the condition being treated and the compound being employed. The use of either daily administration or post-periodic dosing may be employed.
Preferably these compositions are in unit dosage forms such as tablets, pills, capsules, powders, granules, sterile parenteral solutions or suspensions, metered aerosol or liquid sprays, drops, ampoules, auto-inj ector devices or suppositories; for oral parenteral, asal, sublingual or rectal administration, or for stration by inhalation or insuf?ation. Alternatively, the ition may be presented in a form suitable for once—weekly or once-monthly administration; for example, an insoluble salt ofthe active compound, such as the decanoate salt, may be adapted to provide a depot preparation for intramuscular injection. For preparing solid compositions such as tablets, the principal active ingredient is mixed with a pharmaceutical carrier, e.g. conventional ing ients such as corn starch, lactose, sucrose, sorbitol, talc, c acid, ium stearate, dicalcium phosphate or gums, and other pharmaceutical diluents, e.g. water, to form a solid preFormulation composition containing a homogeneous mixture of a compound of the present invention, or a pharrnaceutically acceptable salt thereof. When referring to these preFormulation compositions as homogeneous, it is meant that the active ingredient is dispersed evenly throughout the composition so that the composition may be y subdivided into equally effective dosage forms such as tablets, pills and capsules. This solid preFormulation composition is then subdivided into unit dosage forms of the type described above containing from 0.1 to about 500 mg of the active ient of the present invention. The tablets or pills of the novel ition can be coated or otherwise compounded to provide a dosage form affording the age of prolonged action. For example, the tablet or pill can comprise an inner dosage and an W0 2016f087586 _ 48 _ outer dosage component, the latter being in the form of an envelope over the former.
The two components can be separated by an enteric layer which serves to resist disintegration in the stomach and permits the inner component to pass intact into the duodenum or to be delayed in release. A variety of material can be used for such enteric layers or coatings, such materials including a number of polymeric acids with such materials as shellac, acetyl alcohol and cellulose acetate.
The liquid forms in which the compound of formula (I) may be incorporated for administration orally or by injection include, aqueous solutions, suitably ?avored syrups, aqueous or oil suspensions, and ?avored emulsions with edible oils such as cottonseed oil, sesame oil, coconut oil or peanut oil, as well as elixirs and similar pharmaceutical vehicles. Suitable dispersing or suspending agents for aqueous suspensions, include synthetic and natural gums such as tragacanth, acacia, alginate, dextran, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, polyvinyl-pyrrolidone or gelatin. The liquid forms in suitably ?avored suspending or sing agents may also e the synthetic and natural gums, for e, anth, acacia, methyl—cellulose and the like. For parenteral administration, sterile suspensions and solutions are desired. ic ations which generally contain suitable preservatives are employed when intravenous stration is desired.
Advantageously, the compound of a (I) may be administered in a single daily dose, or the total daily dosage may be administered in divided doses of two, three or four times daily. Furthermore, compounds for the t ion can be administered in intranasal form via topical use of suitable intranasal vehicles, or via transdermal skin s well known to those of ordinary skill in that art. To be administered in the form of a transdermal delivery system, the dosage administration will, of course, be continuous rather than intermittent throughout the dosage regimen.
For instance, for oral administration in the form of a tablet or capsule, the active drug component can be combined with an oral, non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable inert carrier such as ethanol, glycerol, water and the like. Moreover, when d or necessary, suitable s; lubricants, egrating agents and coloring agents can also be incorporated into the e. Suitable binders include, without tion, starch, gelatin, l sugars such as glucose or beta-lactose, corn sweeteners, natural and synthetic gums such as acacia, tragacanth or sodium oleate, sodium stearate, magnesium stearate, sodium benzoate, sodium acetate, sodium chloride and the like.
Disintegrators include, without limitation, starch, methyl cellulose, agar, bentonite, xanthan gum and the like. _ 49 _ The daily dosage of the compound ofthe present invention may be varied over a wide range from 1 to 5000 mg per adult human per day. For oral administration, the compositions are preferably provided in the form of s containing, 001,005, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 25.0, 50.0, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 500 milligrams ofthe active ingredient for the symptomatic adjustment of the dosage to the patient to be treated. An effective amount of the drug is ordinarily ed at a dosage level of from about 0.01 mg/kg to about 200 mg/kg of body weight per day. ularly, the range is from about 0.03 to about 100 mg/kg or from about 0.03 to about 15 mg/kg of body weight per day, and more particularly, from about 0.05 to about 10 mg/kg of body weight per day. The compound of the present invention may be administered on a regimen up to four or more times per day, preferably of l to 2 times per day.
Optimal dosages to be administered may be readily determined by those skilled in the art, and will vary with the particular nd used, the mode of administration, the strength of the preparation, the mode of administration, and the advancement of the disease condition. In addition, factors associated with the particular patient being treated, including patient age, weight, diet and time of administration, will result in the need to adjust dosages.
The nds of the present invention can also be administered in the form of liposome delivery systems, such as small unilamellar vesicles, large unilamellar es, and multilamellar vesicles. Liposomes can be formed from a variety of lipids, including but not limited to amphipathic lipids such as phosphatidylcho lines, sphingomyelins, phosphatidylethanolamines, phophatidylcho lines, cardiolipins, phosphatidylserines, phosphatidylglycerols, phosphatidic acids, phosphatidylinositols, diacyl trimethylammonium es, diacyl dimethylammonium propanes, and stearylamine, neutral lipids such as triglycerides, and combinations thereof. They may either contain cholesterol or may be cholesterol-free.
The compound of the t invention can also be administered locally. Any delivery device, such as intravascular drug delivery catheters, wires, pharmacological stents and endoluminal paving, may be utilized. The delivery system for such a device may comprise a local infusion catheter that rs the compound at a rate controlled by the administrator.
W0 20161087586 _ 50 _ The present invention provides a drug ry device comprising an uminal medical device, ably a stent, and a therapeutic dosage of a nd of the invention.
The term "stent" refers to any device capable of being delivered by a catheter. A stent is routinely used to prevent vascular closure due to physical ies such as unwanted inward growth of vascular tissue due to surgical trauma. It often has a tubular, expanding lattice-type structure appropriate to be left inside the lumen of a duct to relieve an obstruction. The stent has a lumen wall-contacting surface and a lumen-exposed surface. The lumen-wall contacting surface is the outside surface of the tube and the lumen-exposed surface is the inner surface of the tube. The stent can be polymeric, metallic or polymeric and metallic, and it can optionally be biodegradable. ly, stents are inserted into the lumen in a non-expanded form and are then expanded autonomously, or with the aid of a second device in situ. A typical method of expansion occurs through the use of a catheter-mounted angioplasty balloon which is in?ated within the stenosed vessel or body passageway in order to shear and disrupt the obstructions ated with the wall components of the vessel and to obtain an enlarged lumen. Self-expanding stents as described in US. 6,776,796 (Falotico et al.) may also be utilized. The combination of a stent with drugs, agents or compounds that prevent in?ammation and proliferation, may e the most ef?cacious treatment for post-angioplastry restenosis.
The compound of formula (I) can be incorporated into or af?xed to the stent in a number ofways and in utilizing any number of biocompatible materials. In one exemplary ment, the nd is directly incorporated into a polymeric matrix, such as the polymer polypyrrole, and subsequently coated onto the outer surface of the stent. The compound elutes from the matrix by diffusion through the polymer. Stents and s for coating drugs on stents are discussed in detail in the art. In another exemplary embodiment, the stent is ?rst coated with as a base layer comprising a on of the compound, ethylene-co-vinylacetate, and polybutylmethacrylate. Then, the stent is further coated with an outer layer comprising only tylmethacrylate. The outlayer acts as a diffusion barrier to prevent the compound from eluting too quickly and entering the surrounding tissues.
The thickness of the outer layer or t determines the rate at which the compound elutes from the matrix. Stents and methods for coating are discussed in detail in W0 20161087586 _ 51 _ WIPO ation WO9632907, U.S. Publication No. 2002/0016625 and references disclosed therein.
The solution of the compound ofthe invention and the biocompatible materials/polymers may be incorporated into or onto a stent in a number of ways. For example, the solution may be sprayed onto the stent or the stent may be dipped into the solution. In a preferred embodiment, the solution is sprayed onto the stent and then allowed to dry. In another exemplary embodiment, the solution may be electrically charged to one polarity and the stent electrically changed to the opposite polarity. In this manner, the solution and stent will be attracted to one another. In using this type ying process, waste may be reduced and more control over the ess of the coat may be achieved. Compound is preferably only af?xed to the outer surface of the stent that makes contact with one tissue. r, for some compounds, the entire stent may be coated. The combination of the dose of compound applied to the stent and the polymer coating that controls the release of the drug is important in the effectiveness of the drug. The compound preferably remains on the stent for at least three days up to approximately six months and more, preferably between seven and thirty days.
Any number of non-erodible biocompatible polymers may be utilized in ction with the compound of the invention. It is important to note that different polymers may be ed for different stents. For example, the above-described ethylene—co—vinylacetate and polybutylmethacrylate matrix works well with stainless steel stents. Other polymers may be utilized more effectively with stents formed from other materials, including materials that t lastic ties such as alloys ofnickel and titanium.
Restenosis is responsible for a signi?cant morbidity and mortality following coronary angioplasty. osis occurs through a combination of four processes including elastic recoil, thrombus formation, intima hyperplasia and extracellular matrix remodeling. Several growth factors have been recently identi?ed to play a part in these processes leading to restenosis. See Schiele TM et. al., 2004, "Vascular restenosis - ng for y." Expert Opin Pharmacother. 5(1 l):2221-32.
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) express c-Met receptor. Exposure to hepatocyte growth factor, the ligand for c-Met, stimulates these cells to exhibit a migratory phenotype. See Taher et.a1., Hepatocyte growth factor triggers signaling cascades mediating vascular smooth muscle cell migration. Biochem s Res . (2002) 298(1):80-6; Morishita R, Aoki M, Yo Y, Ogihara T. Hepatocyte W0 2016I087586 _ 52 _ growth factor as cardiovascular hormone: role ofHGF in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Endocr J. (2002) Jun;49(3):273-84. Since VSMC migration from the media to the intima of arteries plays a role in the development of atherosclerosis and osis, antagonists of c-Met kinase activity are believed to present a viable therapeutic strategy in the treatment of these diseases.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a method for the treatment of disorders related to c—Met, ing osis, intimal hyperplasia or in?ammation, in blood vessel walls, comprising the controlled delivery, by release from an intraluminal medical device, such as a stent, of the compound of the invention in therapeutically effective amounts. The present invention also provides for the compound of formula (I) for use in the treatment of disorders related to c-Met, including restenosis, intimal hyperplasia or in?ammation, in blood vessel walls.
Methods for introducing a stent into a lumen of a body are well known and the compound-coated stents of this invention are preferably introduced using a catheter.
As will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art, methods will vary slightly based on the location of stent implantation. For coronary stent implantation, the balloon catheter bearing the stent is ed into the coronary artery and the stent is positioned at the desired site. The balloon is in?ated, expanding the stent. As the stent expands, the stent contacts the lumen wall. Once the stent is oned, the balloon is de?ated and removed. The stent remains in place with the contacting surface bearing the compound directly ting the lumen wall surface. Stent implantation may be accompanied by anticoagulation therapy as .
Optimum conditions for delivery ofthe compound for use in the stent ofthe invention may vary with the ent local delivery systems used, as well as the ties and concentrations of the compounds used. ions that may be optimized include, for example, the concentrations of the compounds, the delivery volume, the delivery rate, the depth tration of the vessel wall, the proximal in?ation pressure, the amount and size orations and the ?t of the drug delivery catheter balloon. Conditions may be optimized for inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation at the site of injury such that signi?cant arterial blockage due to osis does not occur, as ed, for example, by the proliferative ability of the smooth muscle cells, or by changes in the vascular resistance or lumen diameter. Optimum conditions can be determined based on data from animal model studies using routine computational methods.
W0 2016.1087586 _ 53 _ Another alternative method for administering compounds of this invention may be by conjugating the compound to a targeting agent which directs the conjugate to its intended site of action, i.e., to vascular endothelial cells, or to tumor cells. Both antibody and tibody targeting agents may be used. Because of the speci?c interaction between the targeting agent and its corresponding binding partner, a compound of the present invention can be stered with high local concentrations at or near a target site and thus treats the disorder at the target site more effectively.
The antibody targeting agents include antibodies or antigen-binding fragments f, that bind to a targetable or accessible ent of a tumor cell, tumor vasculature, or tumor stroma. The "targetable or accessible component" of a tumor cell, tumor vasculature or tumor stroma, is preferably a surface-expressed, surface-accessible or surface-localized component. The dy targeting agents also include antibodies or antigen-binding nts thereof, that bind to an intracellular component that is released from a ic tumor cell. Preferably such antibodies are monoclonal antibodies, or antigen-binding fragments thereof, that bind to ble intracellular antigen(s) present in cells that may be induced to be permeable, or in cell ghosts of substantially all neoplastic and normal cells, but are not present or accessible on the exterior of normal living cells of a mammal. In the t ion, the targetable or accessible component might be the c—Met receptor as it is accessible and expressed on or near the target tissues.
As used herein, the term "antibody" is intended to refer broadly to any immunologic binding agent such as IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, F(ab’)2, a univalent fragment such as Fab’, Fab, Dab, as well as engineered antibodies such as recombinant antibodies, humanized antibodies, bispeciflc antibodies, and the like. The antibody can be either the polyclonal or the monoclonal, although the monoclonal is preferred. There is a very broad array of antibodies known in the art that have logical speci?city for the cell surface of virtually any solid tumor type (see a Summary Table on monoclonal antibodies for solid tumors in US Patent No. 5,855,866 to Thorpe et a1).
Methods are known to those skilled in the art to produce and isolate antibodies against tumor (US Patent No.5,855,866 to Thorpe et al., and US Patent No.6,34,2219 to Thorpe et al.).
Techniques for ating therapeutic moiety to antibodies are well known, see, e.g., Amon et al., "Monoclonal Antibodies For Immunotargeting Of Drugs In Cancer y", in Monoclonal Antibodies And Cancer Therapy, Reisfeld et al. (eds), pp.
W0 2016f087586 243- 56 (Alan R. Liss, Inc. 1985); Hellstrom et al., "Antibodies For Drug Delivery", in Controlled Drug Delivery (2nd Ed.), Robinson et al. (eds), pp. 623—53 (Marcel Dekker, Inc. 1987); Thorpe, "Antibody Carriers Of Cytotoxic Agents In Cancer Therapy: A Review", in Monoclonal dies '84: ical And Clinical Applications, Pinchera et al. (eds), pp. 475-506 (1985). Similar techniques can also be applied to attach compounds of the invention to non-antibody targeting agents.
Those skilled in the art will know, or be able to determine, methods of forming conjugates with non-antibody targeting agents, such as small les, oligopeptides, polysaccharides, or other polyanionic compounds.
Although any linking moiety that is ably stable in blood, can be used to link the compounds of the present invention to the targeting agent, biologically-releasable bonds and/or selectively cleavable spacers or linkers are red.
"Biologically-releasable bonds" and "selectively ble spacers or linkers" still have reasonable stability in the circulation, but are releasable, cleavable or hydrolysable only or preferentially under certain conditions, i.e., within a certain environment, or in contact with a particular agent. Such bonds include, for example, disul?de and ?de bonds and abile bonds, as described in US. Pat. Nos. 5, 474,765 and 5,762,918 and enzyme-sensitive bonds, including peptide bonds, esters, amides, phosphodiesters and glycosides as bed in US. Pat. Nos. 5,474,765 and ,762,918. Such selective-release design features facilitate sustained release of the compounds from the conjugates at the intended target site.
The present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a compound of the present invention ated to a targeting agent and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
The present invention further provides a method of treating of a disorder related to c-Met, particularly a tumor, comprising administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I) ated to a targeting agent. The present invention further provides for the compound of formula (I) conjugated to a targeting agent for use in the treatment of a disorder related to c-Met, particularly a tumor. The present invention further provides for the use of a compound of formula (I) conjugated to a targeting agent for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of a disorder d to c-Met, particularly a tumor.
When proteins such as dies or growth s, or ccharides are used as targeting agents, they are preferably administered in the form of inj ectable W0 2016;087586 _ 55 _ compositions. The injectable antibody solution will be administered into a vein, artery or into the spinal ?uid over the course of from 2 minutes to about 45 minutes, preferably from 10 to 20 minutes. In certain cases, intradermal and intracavitary administration are advantageous for tumors restricted to areas close to particular regions of the skin and/or to particular body cavities. In addition, intrathecal administrations may be used for tumors located in the brain.
Therapeutically effective dose of the compound of the t ion conjugated to a targeting agent depends on the individual, the disease type, the disease state, the method of administration and other clinical variables. The effective dosages are readily determinable using data from an animal model. Experimental animals bearing solid tumors are frequently used to optimize riate therapeutic doses prior to translating to a clinical environment. Such models are known to be very reliable in predicting effective anti-cancer strategies. For example, mice bearing solid tumors, are widely used in pre-clinical testing to determine working ranges of therapeutic agents that give bene?cial anti-tumor effects with minimal toxicity.
HGF/MET pathway has been implicated in inducing a more immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment directly by regulating T cell ty as well as indirectly by inducing s responsible for T cell anergy. Met pathway tion by the compound of formula (I) may therefore prime immune response to checkpoint ng agents (checkpoint blocking agents include for examples blocking agents of PD-l and CTLA-4) as well as alleviate tumor d immuno suppression and activate host immune response.
While the ing speci?cation teaches the principles of the present ion, with examples provided for the purpose of illustration, it will be understood that the practice of the ion encompasses all of the usual variations, adaptations and/or modi?cations as come within the scope of the following claims and their equivalents.

Claims (15)

Claims
1. A compound of formula (I) N F N N N N (I), a N-oxide, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein D represents deuterium; and wherein the deuterium t in the 2-position of the quinoline at the D position is at least 50%.
2. The compound according to claim 1 wherein the compound is the free base of N F N N N N .
3. The compound according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the deuterium content in tion of the quinoline (at the D position) is at least 93%.
4. The nd according to claim 3 wherein the deuterium content in 2-position of the quinoline (at the D position) is at least 95%.
5. The compound according to claim 4 wherein the deuterium t in tion of the quinoline (at the D position) is at least 98%.
6. Use of a compound according to any one of the preceding claims for the manufacturing of a medicament.
7. Use of a compound according to any one of claims 1 to 5 for the manufacturing of a medicament for the treatment of cancer.
8. Use of a compound according to any one of claims 1 to 5 for the manufacturing of a medicament for the treatment of a cell proliferative disorder.
9. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, and as active ingredient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5.
10. A process of preparing a nd as claimed in claim 1 characterized by reductive deuteration of an intermediate of formula (II) n W1 represents chloro, bromo or iodo in the presence of deuterium gas and in the presence of a suitable catalyst, a le solvent or solvent mixture, and a suitable base, F F N F N N F N W1 D N N N N N N N N N deuterium gas N wherein D represents ium; and if desired, ting the nd of formula (I), into a therapeutically active non-toxic acid addition salt by treatment with an acid, or sely, converting the acid addition salt form into the free base by treatment with alkali, or, if desired, preparing, solvates or N-oxide forms thereof.
11. A combination of a compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 and another chemotherapeutic agent.
12. A combination according to claim 11 wherein the chemotherapeutic agent is a kinase inhibitor.
13. A combination according to claim 12 wherein the kinase inhibitor is a FGFR inhibitor.
14. A combination according to claim 11 wherein the chemotherapeutic agent is a platinum containing anti-cancer drug.
15. Use of a compound as claimed in any one claims 1 to 5 for the manufacturing of a medicament for reducing kinase activity of c-Met in a subject. -l/2-
NZ733447A 2015-12-03 A deuterated triazolopyridazine as a kinase modulator NZ733447B2 (en)

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EP14196585 2014-12-05
PCT/EP2015/078525 WO2016087586A1 (en) 2014-12-04 2015-12-03 A deuterated triazolopyridazine as a kinase modulator

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NZ733447B2 true NZ733447B2 (en) 2024-01-04

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