NZ732130B2 - Methods for transduction and cell processing - Google Patents
Methods for transduction and cell processing Download PDFInfo
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- NZ732130B2 NZ732130B2 NZ732130A NZ73213015A NZ732130B2 NZ 732130 B2 NZ732130 B2 NZ 732130B2 NZ 732130 A NZ732130 A NZ 732130A NZ 73213015 A NZ73213015 A NZ 73213015A NZ 732130 B2 NZ732130 B2 NZ 732130B2
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Abstract
Provided are methods, systems, and kits for cell processing, e.g., for therapeutic use, such as for adoptive cell therapy. The claimed method is a transduction method, in which cells and virus are incubated under conditions that result in transduction of the cells with a viral vector. The incubation is carried out in a variable volume internal cavity of a generally rigid centrifugal chamber, such as a cylindrical chamber made of hard plastic. The volume is varied by a movable member. The method includes other processing steps, including those carried out in such a chamber, including washing, selection, isolation, culture, and formulation. In particular, the disclosure relates to method providing advantages over available processing methods, such as available methods for large-scale processing. Such advantages include, for example, reduced cost, streamlining, increased efficacy, increased safety, and increased reproducibility among different subjects and conditions. is carried out in a variable volume internal cavity of a generally rigid centrifugal chamber, such as a cylindrical chamber made of hard plastic. The volume is varied by a movable member. The method includes other processing steps, including those carried out in such a chamber, including washing, selection, isolation, culture, and formulation. In particular, the disclosure relates to method providing advantages over available processing methods, such as available methods for large-scale processing. Such advantages include, for example, reduced cost, streamlining, increased efficacy, increased safety, and increased reproducibility among different subjects and conditions.
Description
METHODS FOR TRANSDUCTION AND CELL PROCESSING
Cross—Reference to Related Applications
This application claims priority from US. provisional application No. 62/075,801
filed November 05, 2014, entitled “Methods for Transduction and Cell Processing,” and US.
provisional application No. 62/129,023 filed March 05, 2015, ed “Methods for
Transduction and Cell Processing,” the contents of which are incorporated by reference in their
entirety.
Field
The present disclosure relates to cell processing for therapeutic use, such as for
adoptive cell therapy. The provided methods generally include transduction s, in which
cells and Viral vector particles are ted under conditions that result in transduction of the
cells with a Viral . The incubation may be carried out in an internal cavity of a generally
rigid centrifugal chamber, such as a rical r made of hard plastic. The methods
include other processing steps, ing those carried out in such a chamber, including washing,
selection, isolation, culture, and formulation. In particular, the disclosure relates to method
providing advantages over available processing methods, such as available methods for large—
scale processing. Such advantages include, for e, reduced cost, streamlining, increased
efficacy, increased safety, and sed reproducibility among different subjects and conditions.
Background
Certain methods are available for cell processing, including large—scale methods and
methods for use in preparation of cells for adoptive cell therapy. For example, methods for Viral
vector transfer, e.g., transduction, selection, isolation, stimulation, culture, washing, and
formulation, are available. Available methods have not been entirely satisfactory. Improved
methods are , for example, for large—scale processing, e.g., transduction, of cells for
ve cell therapy. For example, s are needed to improve efficiency and
reproducibility, and to reduce time, cost, handling, complexity, and/or other parameters
associated with such production. Among the ed embodiments are methods, systems, and
kits addressing such needs.
W0 2016/073602
Summary
Provided are methods for cell processing, such as for transfer of Viral vectors and/or
affinity-based ion of cells. In some embodiments, the cells are for use in cell
therapy, such primary cells prepared for autologous or neic transfer, e.g., in adoptive cell
therapy. The methods may include additional cell processing steps, such as cell washing,
isolation, separation.
In some embodiments, the methods are carried out by incubating, in a vessel, such as
an internal cavity of a centrifugal chamber, a ition (deemed an input composition), which
contains cells and Viral vector particles, the Viral particles ning a recombinant viral vector,
thereby generating an output composition that contains a plurality of the cells transduced with
the Viral vector. The centrifugal chamber typically is ble around an axis of rotation. The
axis of rotation in some embodiments is vertical. The chamber typically includes an end wall, a
side wall extending from the end wall, such as a substantially rigid side wall, and at least one
opening, such as an inlet/outlet or an inlet and an outlet. At least a portion of the side wall
generally surrounds the internal cavity. The at least one opening (e.g., the inlet/outlet or the inlet
and the outlet) is capable of permitting intake of liquid into the internal cavity and expression of
liquid from the cavity. The at least one opening in some embodiments is coaxial with the
chamber and in some embodiments is in an end wall of the chamber. The side wall may be a
curvilinear, e.g., cylindrical or lly cylindrical.
In some embodiments, the s e ting, in an internal cavity of a
centrifugal chamber, an input composition containing cells and Viral particles containing a
recombinant Viral vector, wherein said centrifugal chamber is rotatable around an axis of
on and includes an end wall, a substantially rigid side wall extending from said end wall,
and at least one opening, at least a portion of said side wall surrounding said internal cavity and
said at least one opening being capable of permitting intake of liquid into said internal cavity
and sion of liquid from said cavity, wherein the centrifugal chamber is rotating around
said axis of rotation during at least a n of the incubation and the method generates an
output composition containing a plurality of the cells transduced with the viral vector.
In some embodiments, the centrifugal chamber further includes a movable member,
such as a piston. In such embodiments, the internal cavity is generally one of variable ,
e.g., a cavity of variable volume defined by the end wall, the side wall, and the e member,
e.g., the piston, such that the movable member is capable of moving within the chamber (such as
axially within the chamber) to vary the internal volume of the cavity. In some embodiments,
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liquid is moved in and out of the r alternatively by way of a pump, syringe, and/or motor,
or other device for intake and expressing liquid or gas, which for e pulls liquid from the
cavity and/or pushes liquid in, while the volume of the cavity itself remains nt.
In some embodiments, the methods include incubating, in an internal cavity of a
centrifugal chamber, an input composition containing cells and a viral le ning a
recombinant viral vector, said centrifugal chamber being rotatable around an axis of rotation and
comprising an end wall, a substantially rigid side wall extending from said end wall, and at least
one opening, wherein at least a portion of said side wall surrounds said internal cavity and said
at least one opening is capable of ting intake of liquid into said internal cavity and
expression of liquid from said cavity, wherein the centrifugal chamber is rotating around the axis
of rotation during at least a n of the incubation, the total liquid volume of said input
composition present in said cavity during rotation of said centrifugal chamber is no more than
about 5 mL per square inch of the internal surface area of the cavity and the method generates an
output composition comprising a plurality of the cells transduced with the viral vector.
The chamber may comprise two end walls. In some such ments, one end wall
together with other features defines the internal cavity, while the other is outside of the cavity.
In some embodiments, the cavity is bound by both end walls.
The at least one opening may comprise: an inlet and an outlet, respectively e of
permitting said intake and expression, or a single inlet/outlet, capable of permitting said intake
and said expression.
Typically, the incubation is d out at least in part under rotation of the chamber,
such as under centrifugal force or acceleration. Thus, the methods in some embodiments r
include effecting rotation of the centrifugal chamber, such as around its axis of rotation, during
at least a portion of the incubation.
In some of any such ments, said rotating includes rotation at a relative
centrifugal force (RCF) at an internal surface of the side wall of the cavity and/or at a surface
layer of the cells of greater than at or about 200 g, greater than at or about 300 g, or greater than
at or about 500 g. In some of any such embodiments, said rotating includes rotation at a relative
centrifugal force at an internal surface of the side wall of the cavity and/or at a surface layer of
the cells that is: at or about 1000 g, 1500 g, 2000 g, 2100 g, 2200 g, 2500 g or 3000 g; or at least
at or about 1000 g, 1500 g, 2000 g, 2100 g, 2200 g, 2500 g, or 3000 g. In some of any such
embodiments, said rotating includes rotation at a relative centrifugal force at an internal surface
of the side wall of the cavity and/or at a surface layer of the cells that is: between or between
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about 1000 and 3600, 1000 and 3200, 1000 and 2800, 1000 and 2000, 1000 and 1600, 1600 and
3600, 1600 and 3200, 1600 and 2800, 1600 and 2000, 2000 and 3600, 2000 and 3200, 2000 and
2800, 2800 and 3600, 2800 and 3200, 3200 and 3600, each inclusive; or at least at or about 2000
g, 2100, 2200 g, 2400 g, 2600g, 2800 g, 3000 g, 3200 g or 3600 g; or at or about 2000 g, 2100g,
2200 g, 2400 g, 2600g, 2800 g, 3000 g, 3200 g or 3600 g.
In some of any such embodiments, the at least a portion of the incubation during
which the chamber is rotating is for a time that is: greater than or about 5 minutes, such as
greater than or about 10 minutes, greater than or about 15 minutes, greater than or about 20
minutes, greater than or about 30 minutes, r than or about 45 minutes, greater than or
about 60 minutes, greater than or about 90 s or greater than or about 120 minutes; or
between or between about 5 minutes and 60 minutes, 10 minutes and 60 minutes, 15 s
and 60 minutes, 15 minutes and 45 s, 30 minutes and 60 minutes or 45 minutes and 60
minutes, each inclusive.
In some embodiments, the input composition (or the number of cells) in the cavity
during the incubation, e.g., at any one time or during the entire incubation, and/0r processed by
the s, includes at or about or at least about 1 X 106, 5 X 106, 1 X 107, 5 X 107, 1 X 108 or 5
x 108 of the cells.
In some of any such embodiments, said input composition in the cavity contains at
least at or about 1 X 107 of said cells, at least at or about 2 X 107 of said cells, 3 X 107 of said cells,
at least at or about 4 X 107 of said cells, at least at or about 5 X 107 of said cells, at least at or
about 6 X 107 of said cells, at least at or about 7 X 107 of said cells, at least at or about 8 X 107 of
said cells, at least at or about 9 X 107 of said cells, at least at or about 1 X 108 of said cells, at least
at or about 2 X 108 of said cells, at least at or about 3 X 108 of said cells or at least at or about 4 X
108 of said cells.
In some embodiments, the internal surface area of the cavity is at least at or about 1 X
109 um2 or 1 X 1010 umz, and/or the length of the side wall in the direction eXtending from the
end wall is at least about 5 cm and/or at least about 8 cm; and/or the internal cavity has a radius
of at least about 2 cm at at least one cross-section.
In some embodiments, the input composition es at least or about 1 infectious
unit (IU) per one of the cells, at least or about 2 IU per one of the cells, at least or about 3 IU per
one of the cells, at least or about 4 IU per one of the cells, at least 01' about 5 IU per one of the
cells, at least or about 10 IU per one of the cells, at least or about 20 IU per one of the cells, at
least or about 30 IU per one of the cells, at least or about 40 IU per one of the cells, at least or
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about 50 IU per one of the cells, or at least or about 60 IU per one of the cells. In some
embodiments, the input composition includes at or about 1 infectious unit (IU) per one of the
cells, at or about 2 IU per one of the cells, at or about 3 IU per one of the cells, at or about 4 IU
per one of the cells, at or about 5 IU per one of the cells, at or about 10 IU per one of the cells, at
or about 20 IU per one of the cells, at or about 30 IU per one of the cells, at or about 40 IU per
one of the cells, at or about 50 IU per one of the cells, or at or about 60 IU per one of the cells.
In some embodiments, the average liquid volume or maximum liquid volume of the
input composition, composition with viral vector paiticles and cells, and/or any liquid
composition present in the cavity during the incubation is no more than about 10, 5, or 2.5
milliliters (mL) per square inch of the internal surface area of the cavity during the incubation.
In some embodiments, the maximum total volume of such liquid composition present in the
cavity at any one time during the incubation is no more than 2 times, no more than 10 times, no
more than 100 times, no more than 500 times or no more than 1000 times the total volume of the
cells. In some embodiments, the total volume of cells is the total volume of a pellet of the cells.
In some ments, the total volume of cells is the volume of a monolayer of the cells, such
as a monolayer of cells present on the internal surface in the cavity during rotation of the
centrifugal chamber.
In some embodiments, the liquid volume of the input composition occupies all or
ntially all of the volume of the internal cavity during at least a portion of the incubation.
In other embodiments, during at least a portion of the incubation, the liquid volume of the input
composition occupies only a portion of the volume of the internal cavity, the volume of the
cavity during this at least a portion r sing a gas, which is taken into the cavity, e.g.,
via said at least one opening or another opening, prior to or during the incubation.
In some of any such embodiments, the liquid volume of said input composition
present in said cavity during said rotation is between or between about 0.5 mL per square inch of
the internal surface area of the cavity (mL/sq.in) and 5 mL/sq.in, 0.5 mL/sq.in. and 2.5 mL/sq.in.,
0.5 in. and 1 in., 1 mL/sq.in. and 5 mL/sq.in., 1 mL/sq.in. and 2.5 in. or 2.5
mL/sq.in. and 5 mL/sq.in.
In some of any such embodiments, the maximum total liquid volume of said input
composition present in said cavity at any one time during said incubation is no more than 2
times, no more than 10 times, or no more than 100 times, the total volume of said cells in said
cavity or the e volume of the input composition over the course of the incubation is no
more than 2, 10, or 100 times the total volume of cells in the cavity.
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In some of any such embodiments, the maximum volume of said input composition
present in said cavity at any one time during said incubation or the average volume over the
course of the incubation is no more than at or about 2 times, 10 times, 25 times, 50 times, 100
times, 500 times, or 1000 times the volume of a monolayer of said cells formed on the inner
surface of said cavity during rotation of said r at a force of at or about 2000 g at an
internal surface of the side wall.
In some of any such ments, the liquid volume of the input composition is no
more than 20 mL, no more than 40 mL, no more than 50 mL, no more than 70 mL, no more than
100 mL, no more than 120 mL, no more than 150 mL or no more than 200 mL.
In some of any such embodiments, during at least a portion of the tion in the
chamber or during the rotation of the chamber, the liquid volume of the input composition
occupies only a portion of the volume of the internal cavity of the chamber, the volume of the
cavity during said at least a portion or during said rotation further sing a gas, said gas
taken into said cavity via said at least one opening, prior to or during said tion.
In some embodiments, the centrifugal chamber includes a e member, whereby
intake of gas into the centrifugal chamber effects movement of the movable member to increase
the volume of the internal cavity of the chamber, thereby decreasing the total liquid volume of
said input composition present in said cavity during rotation of said centrifugal chamber per
square inch of the internal surface area of the cavity compared to the e of gas in the
chamber.
In some embodiments, the number of cells in the cavity during the incubation is at or
about the number of the cells sufficient to form a monolayer on the internal surface of the cavity
during rotation of the centrifugal chamber at a force of at or about 2000 g and/or is no more than
1.5 times or 2 times such a number of the cells.
In some of any such embodiments, the number of said cells in said input ition
is at or about the number of said cells sufficient to form a monolayer on the surface of said
cavity during rotation of said centrifugal chamber at a force of at or about 2000 g at an internal
surface of the side wall; and/or the number of said cells in said input composition is no more
than 1.5 times or 2 times the number of said cells sufficient to form a monolayer on the surface
of said cavity during rotation of said centrifugal chamber at a force of at or about 2000 g at an
internal surface of the side wall.
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In some embodiments, the centrifugation is for a duration of between 120 and 7200
s, such as between 120 and 3600 seconds, including values inclusive or within the range,
such as whole-minute values inclusive or within the range.
In some embodiments, the methods include a) providing to an internal cavity of a
centrifugal chamber that has an internal e area of at least at or about 1 x 109 um2 or at least
at or about 1 x 1010 umzz i) an input ition including cells and viral particles containing a
inant viral vector, wherein: the number of cells in the input composition is at least 1 x
107 cells, and the viral particles are present in the input composition at at least at or about 1
ious unit (IU) per one of said cells, and the input composition contains a liquid volume that
is less than the maximum volume of the internal cavity of the centrifugal chamber; and ii) gas,
at a volume that is up to the remainder of the maximum volume of the internal cavity of the
centrifugal r; and b) ting the input composition, wherein at least a portion of the
incubation is carried out in said internal cavity of said centrifugal chamber while effecting
rotation of said centrifugal chamber; and wherein the method tes an output composition
containing a plurality of the cells transduced with the viral .
In some embodiments, the number of cells is at least or about 50 x 106 cells; 100 x
106 cells; or 200 x 106 cells; and/or the viral particles are present at at least 1.6 IU/cell, 1.8
IU/cell, 2.0 IU/cell, 2.4 IU/cell, 2.8 IU/cell, 3.2 IU/cell or 3.6 IU/cell, 4.0 l, 5.0 IU/cell, 6.0
IU/cell, 7.0 IU/cell, 8.0 IU/cell, 9.0 IU/cell or 10.0 IU/cell.
In some of any such embodiments, the liquid volume of the input composition is less
than or equal to 200 mL, less than or equal to 100 mL or less than or equal to 50 mL or less than
or equal to 20 mL. In some of any such embodiments, the volume of gas is up to 200 mL, up to
180 mL, up to 140 mL or up to 100 mL.
In some of any such embodiments, said rotation is at a relative centrifugal force at an
internal surface of the side wall of the cavity or at a surface layer of the cells of at least at or
about 1000 g, 1500 g, 2000 g, 2400 g, 2600g, 2800 g, 3000 g, 3200 g or 3600 g.
In some embodiments, the methods are for large-scale processing.
In some embodiments, the composition in the cavity (e.g., input composition)
includes at least 50 mL, at least 100 mL, or at least 200 mL, liquid volume, and/or at least or
about 1 million cells per cm2 of the internal surface area of the cavity during at least a portion of
said incubation.
In some embodiments, the maximum liquid volume of the input composition present
in the cavity at any one time during said incubation is no more than at or about 2 times, 10 times,
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times, 50 times, 100 times, 500 times, or 1000 times the volume of a monolayer of said cells
formed on the inner surface of said cavity during rotation of said chamber, e.g., at a force, e.g.,
effective force, of at or about 2000 g.
In some embodiments, the rotation of the chamber during at least a portion of the
incubation is at a force of greater than at or about 200 g, greater than at or about 300 g, or
greater than at or about 500 g, such as greater than at or about 1000 g, 1500 g, 2000 g, 2500 g,
3000 g, or 3200 g, at an internal wall of the cavity of the centrifugal chamber and/or a layer, e.g.,
surface layer, of the cells. In some embodiments, the force is at least at or about 1000 g, 1500 g,
2000 g, or 2500 g, 3000 g or 3200 g. In some embodiments, the force is at or about 2100 g,
2200 g or 3000 g.
In some embodiments, the s include incubating an input composition
containing cells and viral particles containing a recombinant viral vector, at least a portion of
said incubating being carried out under rotating conditions, thereby ting an output
composition containing a plurality of the cells uced with the viral vector, wherein said
input composition contains greater than or about 20 mL, 50 mL, at least 100 mL, or at least 150
mL in volume, and/or said input composition comprises at least 1 x 108 cells; and said rotating
conditions comprise a relative centrifugal force on a surface layer of the cells of greater than
about 1500 g.
In some ments of the methods, at least 25 % or at least 50 % of said cells in
the output composition are transduced with said viral vector; and/or at least 25 % or at least
50 % of said cells in the output composition s a product of a heterologous nucleic acid
contained within said viral vector.
In some of any such embodiments, said incubation is carried out in a cavity of a
centrifugal chamber and the number of said cells in said input composition is at or about the
number of said cells sufficient to form a monolayer or a bilayer on the inner surface of said
cavity during said rotation.
In some embodiments, said centrifugal chamber includes an end wall, a substantially
rigid side wall extending from said end wall, and at least one opening, wherein at least a portion
of said side wall surrounds said internal cavity and said at least one opening is e of
permitting intake of liquid into said al cavity and expression of liquid from said ,
In some embodiments, said centrifugal chamber further includes a movable member
and said al cavity is a cavity of variable volume defined by said end wall, said
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ntially rigid side wall, and said e member, said movable member being capable of
moving within the chamber to vary the internal volume of the cavity.
In some of any such embodiments, the input composition in said cavity contains a
liquid volume of at least 20 mL or at least 50 mL and at or about 1 million cells per cm2 of the
internal surface area of the cavity during at least a portion of said incubation.
In some of any such embodiments, a further portion of the incubation is d out
outside of the centrifugal r and/or without on, said further portion carried out
subsequent to the at least a portion carried out in the chamber and/or with rotation.
In some of any such embodiments, the at least a portion of the incubation carried out
in the cavity of the centrifugal chamber and/or the further portion of the incubation is effected at
or at about 37 °C i 2 °C.
In some of any such embodiments, the incubation r includes erring at
least a plurality of the cells to a container during said incubation and said further portion of the
incubation is effected in the container. In some embodiments, the transferring is performed
within a closed system, wherein the centrifugal chamber and ner are integral to the closed
system.
In some of any such embodiments, the incubation is carried out for a time between at
or about 1 hour and at or about 96 hours, n at or about 4 hours and at or about 72 hours,
between at or about 8 hours and at or about 48 hours, between at or about 12 hours and at or
about 36 hours, between at or about 6 hours and at or about 24 hours, between at or about 36
hours and at or about 96 hours, inclusive; or the further portion of the incubation is carried out
for a time between at or about 1 hour and at or about 96 hours, between at or about 4 hours and
at or about 72 hours, between at or about 8 hours and at or about 48 hours, between at or about
12 hours and at or about 36 hours, between at or about 6 hours and at or about 24 hours, n
at or about 36 hours and at or about 96 hours, inclusive.
In some of any such embodiments, the incubation or further portion of the incubation
is carried out for a time that is no more than 48 hours, no more than 36 hours or no more than 24
hours; or the r portion of the incubation is carried out for a time that is no more than 48
hours, no more than 36 hours or no more than 24 hours.
In some of any such embodiments, the incubation is performed in the presence of a
stimulating agent; and/or the further portion of the incubation is performed in the presence of a
stimulating agent.
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In some of any such embodiments, the tion is carried out for a time that is no
more than 24 hours; the cells in the composition have not been subjected to a temperature of
greater than 30 °C for more than 24 hours; and/or the incubation is not performed in the presence
of a stimulating agent.
In some of any such embodiments, the stimulating agent is an agent capable of
inducing proliferation of T cells, CD4+ T cells and/or CD8+ T cells.
In some of any such embodiments, the stimulating agent is a cytokine selected from
among IL—2, IL—15 and IL—7.
In some of any such ments, the output composition containing transduced
cells contains at least 1 X 107 cells or at least 5 X 107 cells.
In some of any such ments, the output composition containing uced
cells contains at least 1 x 108 cells, 2 x 108 cells, 4 x 108 cells, 6 x 108, 8 x 108 cells or 1 x 109
cells.
In some of any such embodiments, the cells are T cells. In some embodiments, the T
cells are unfractionated T cells, isolated CD4+ T cells and/or ed CD8+ T cells.
In some of any such embodiments, the method results in ation of the viral
vector into a host genome of one or more of the at least a plurality of cells and/or into a host
genome of at least at or about 20 % or at least at or about 30 % or at least at or about 40 % of the
cells in the output composition.
In some of any such embodiments, at least 2.5 %, at least 5 %, at least 6 %, at least
8 %, at least 10 %, at least 20 %, at least 25 %, at least 30 %, at least 40 %, at least 50 %, or at
least 75 % of said cells in said input composition are transduced With said viral vector by the
method; and/or at least 2.5 %, at least 5 %, at least 6 %, at least 8 %, at least 10 %, at least 20 %,
at least 25 %, at least 30 %, at least 40 %, at least 50 %, or at least 75 % of said cells in said
output ition are transduced with said viral vector; and/or at least 2.5 %, at least 5 %, at
least 6 %, at least 8 %, at least 10 %, at least 20 %, at least 25 %, at least 30 %, at least 40 %, at
least 50 %, or at least 75 % of said cells in said output composition express a product of a
heterologous nucleic acid contained Within said viral vector.
Particular embodiments include methods of transduction carried out by incubating an
input composition comprising cells and viral vector particles under rotating conditions, whereby
a plurality of the cells are inoculated for transduction with the viral vector, wherein the input
ition includes a total volume greater than 50 mL, such as at least 100 mL, or at least 150
mL in volume, and/or said input composition comprises at least 1 x 108 cells; and the rotating
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ions comprise fugal force of greater than about 1500 g. In some such ments,
the incubation is carried out in a cavity of a centrifugal chamber and the number of said cells in
said input ition is at or about the number of said cells sufficient to form a monolayer on
the inner surface of the cavity during the rotation. In some such embodiments, at least 25 % or
at least 50 % of said cells are uced with the viral vector.
In some embodiments, the methods result in at least 2.5 %, at least 5 %, at least 6 %,
at least 8 %, at least 10 %, at least 20 %, at least 25 %, at least 30 %, at least 40 %, at least 50 %,
or at least 75 % of said cells in said input composition being transduced with the viral vector,
and/or produce an output composition in which at least 10 %, at least 25 %, at least 30 %, at
least 40 %, at least 50 %, or at least 75 % of the cells are transduced with the vector and/or
express a recombinant product encoded by the vector. In some embodiments, uction
efficiency is expressed for a particular input amount or relative amount of virus. For example,
in some embodiments, such efficiencies are achieved by the methods for an input composition
comprising a virus at a ratio of about 1 or about 2 IU per cells.
In some embodiments, among all the cells in said output composition produced by
the methods, the average copy number of the inant viral vector is no more than about 10,
no more than about 5, no more than about 2.5, or no more than about 1.5. In some embodiments,
among the cells in the output composition that contain the recombinant viral vector, the average
copy number of the vector is no more than about 5, no more than about 2, no more than about
1.5, or no more than about 1.
In some of any such embodiments, among all the cells in said output composition
that contain the recombinant viral vector or into which the viral vector is integrated, the average
copy number of said recombinant viral vector is no more than about 10, no more than about 5,
no more than about 2.5, or no more than about 1.5; or among the cells in the output composition,
the e copy number of said vector is no more than about 2, no more than about 1.5, or no
more than about 1.
In some embodiments, the centrifugal chamber is integral to a closed system, for
example, where the closed system includes the chamber and at least one tubing line operably
linked to the at least one g via at least one connector, such that liquid and gas are
permitted to move between said cavity and said at least one tubing line in at least one
configuration of the system. The at least one tubing line typically includes a series of tubing
lines. The at least one connector typically includes a plurality of connectors. The closed system
may further include at least one container operably linked to the series of tubing lines, such that
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the at least one connection permits liquid and/or gas to pass between the at least one container
and the at least one opening via the series of tubing lines.
The at least one connector may include one or more connectors selected from the
group consisting of valves, luer ports, and spikes, e.g., a rotational valve, such as a stopcock or
multirotational port, and/or an aseptic connector.
The at least one container may include one or more bags, vials, and/or syringes, and
may e container(s) designated as a diluent container, a waste container, a product
collection container, output container, and/or an input container.
In some embodiments, the at least one container includes at least one input container
including the virus and/or cells (which may be a single input ner comprising the virus and
cells or two input containers comprising the virus and cells, respectively), a waste container, a
product container, and at least one diluent or wash solution-containing container, each connected
to said cavity via said series of tubing lines and the at least one opening.
In some of any such embodiments, at least one container further includes a container
that contains a gas prior to and/or during at least a point during said incubation and/or the closed
system further includes a microbial filter capable of taking in gas to the internal cavity of the
centrifugal chamber and/or the closed system contains a syringe port for ing intake of gas.
The methods in some embodiments r include, prior to and/or during the
incubation, effecting intake of the input composition into said cavity. The intake may e
flow of liquid from the at least one input ner into the cavity h said at least one
g. The intake may include intake of virus from one input container and input of cells
from another, to produce the input composition for incubation.
In some embodiments, the method includes, prior to and/or during said incubation,
providing or effecting intake of gas into said cavity under sterile ions, said intake being
effected by (a) flow of gas from the container that includes gas, (b) flow of gas from an
environment external to the closed system, via the microbial filter, or (c) flow of gas from a
e connected to the system at the syringe port.
In some embodiments, the effecting intake of the gas into the internal cavity of the
fugal chamber is carried out simultaneously or together with the effecting intake of the
input composition to the internal cavity of the centrifugal chamber.
In some of any such embodiments, the input composition and gas are combined in a
single container under sterile conditions outside of the chamber prior to said intake of said input
composition and gas into the internal cavity of the centrifugal chamber.
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In some embodiments, the effecting of the intake of the gas is carried out separately,
either simultaneously or sequentially, from the effecting of the intake of the input ition
into said cavity.
In some of any such embodiments, the intake of gas is effected by ting or
causing flow of the gas from a sterile closed container containing the gas, an al
environment through a microbial filter, or a syringe containing said gas.
In some of any such embodiments, the gas is air.
In some embodiments of the ed process methods, the incubation is part of a
continuous process, where the method further es, during at least a n of the
incubation, effecting continuous intake of said input composition into the cavity, typically
during rotation of the chamber, and during a portion of the incubation, effecting continuous
expression (i.e. outtake) of liquid from said cavity through said at least one opening, typically
during rotation of the chamber. The continuous intake and outtake in some embodiments occur
simultaneously.
In some embodiments, the method includes during a portion of said incubation,
effecting continuous intake of gas into said cavity during rotation of the chamber; and/or during
a portion of said tion, effecting continuous expression of gas from said cavity.
In some embodiments, the method includes the expression of liquid and the
expression of gas from said , where each is expressed, simultaneously or sequentially, into
a different container.
In some of any such ments, at least a portion of the continuous intake and the
continuous expression occur aneously.
In some embodiments, the incubation is part of a semi—continuous process, such as
one in which the method further includes effecting intake of the input composition into the
cavity through the at least one opening, conducting all or part of the incubation, such as the
centrifugation, and then ing sion of liquid from the cavity, and then repeating the
process, whereby another input composition is taken in to the cavity, followed by centrifugation,
followed by expression. The process can be iterative and include several more rounds of intake,
sing, and expression.
In some of any such embodiments, the incubation is part of a semi—continuous
process, the method further including prior to said incubation, effecting intake of said input
composition, and optionally gas, into said cavity through said at least one opening; subsequent
to said tion, effecting expression of liquid and/or optionally gas from said cavity;
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effecting intake of another input composition including cells and said viral particles containing a
recombinant viral vector, and optionally gas, into said internal cavity; and incubating said
another input composition in said internal , wherein the method generates another output
composition containing a plurality of cells of the another input composition that are uced
with said viral vector.
In some of any such embodiments, said providing or said intake of the input
composition into the cavity includes intake of a single composition including the cells and the
viral particles containing the recombinant viral vector; or intake of a ition including the
cells and a separate composition ning the viral particles ning the recombinant viral
vector, whereby the itions are mixed, effecting intake of the input composition.
The intake may include intake of a single composition containing the cells and the
virus; or intake of a composition containing the cells and a separate ition containing the
virus, whereby the compositions are mixed, effecting intake of the input composition. In some
embodiments of the continuous or semi—continuous process, at least 1 x 108 cells or at least
1x109 cells or at least 1x1010 cells or more are processed in total, over the multiple rounds or
continuous process.
In some embodiments, the method includes effecting rotation of the centrifugal
chamber prior to and/or during said incubation and effecting expression of liquid from the cavity
into said waste container following the incubation; effecting expression of liquid from the at
least one diluent container into said cavity via the at least one opening and effecting mixing of
the contents of the cavity; and effecting expression of liquid from said cavity into the product
container, thereby erring cells transduced with the viral vector into the product bag.
In some embodiments, the method further includes carrying out other processing
steps, or at least a portion of one or more other processing steps, within the same chamber and/or
closed system. In some ments, the one or more processing steps can includes processes
in which the cells are isolated, such as separated or selected, stimulated, and ated within
the same chamber and/or closed system. In some cases, the one or more further processing steps
also can include washing cells, suspending cells and/or ng or concentrating cells, which can
be carried out prior to or uent to any one or more of the processing steps for isolating,
such as separating or selecting, stimulating, transducing and/or formulating the cells. In some
embodiments, the one or more other processing steps can be carried out prior to, simultaneously
with or uent to the incubation of cells with the viral vector particles in the methods of
transduction. In some embodiments, the one or more further processing steps, or a portion of
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the one or more further processing steps, can be carried out in a cavity of a centrifugal chamber
that is the same or different as a cavity of a fugal chamber employed in the incubation of
cells with the viral vector particles.
Among the provided processing methods, including isolation, e.g. selection, methods,
stimulation methods, formulation methods and other sing methods, are those carried out
ing to any of the ments as described above.
For example, in some embodiments, the method further includes (a) washing a
biological sample (e.g., a whole blood sample, a buffy coat sample, a peripheral blood
mononuclear cells (PBMC) sample, an unfractionated T cell sample, a cyte sample, a
white blood cell sample, an apheresis product, or a leukapheresis product) containing cells in a
cavity of a chamber, prior to the tion for isolating, e.g. selecting cells, and/or prior to the
incubation for incubating cells with viral vector particles, (b) isolating, e.g. selecting, the cells
from a sample (e.g., a whole blood sample, a buffy coat sample, a peripheral blood mononuclear
cells (PBMC) sample, an unfractionated T cell sample, a lymphocyte sample, a white blood cell
sample, an apheresis t, or a leukapheresis product) in a cavity prior to the incubation of
such cells with viral vector particles and/or (c) ating cells in a cavity prior to and/or during
the incubation of such cells with viral vector particles, e.g., by exposing cells to stimulating
conditions, thereby inducing cells of the input composition to proliferate. In some embodiments,
the isolating includes affinity-based selection.
In some of any such embodiments, the method includes (a) washing a biological
sample containing said cells in an internal cavity of a centrifugal chamber prior to said
incubation; and/or (b) isolating said cells from a biological sample, wherein at least a portion of
the isolation step is performed in an internal cavity of a centrifugal chamber prior to said
incubation; and/or (0) stimulating cells prior to and/or during said incubation, said stimulating
including ng said cells to stimulating conditions, thereby inducing cells of the input
composition to proliferate, wherein at least a portion of the step of stimulating cells is performed
in an internal cavity of a centrifugal chamber.
In some embodiments, the s may further e isolation, e.g., selection, of
the cells in the chamber, e.g., by immunoaffinity based selection. In some embodiments, the
isolation, e.g. ion, of cells is carried out prior to the tion of cells with the viral vector
particles in the methods of transduction, whereby the isolated, such as selected, cells are the
cells present in the input ition and/or incubated with the viral vector particles. In some
embodiments, the isolation, e.g., selection, includes incubation of cells with a selection reagent,
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such as an immunoaffinity reagent. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the isolation, e.g.
ion, step, such as tion of cells with a ion reagent, e.g. an immunoaffinity
reagent, is carried out in the cavity of a chamber, which, in some cases, can include rotation of
the chamber, for example, for mixing of the reagent and cells.
In some embodiments, the methods may r include stimulating cells prior to,
during and/or subsequent to the incubation of cells with the viral vector particles, in which at
least all or a portion of the stimulation can be carried out in a cavity of a centrifugal chamber. In
some embodiments, the stimulating conditions may include incubation of cells in the presence of
an agent capable of activating one or more ellular signaling domains of one or more
components of a TCR complex, such as a primary agent that specifically binds to a member of a
TCR complex, e.g., CD3, and a secondary agent that specifically binds to a T cell costimulatory
molecule, e.g., CD28, CD137 B), 0X40, or ICOS, including antibodies such as those
t on the surface of a solid support, such as a bead. In some embodiments, at least a
portion of the stimulation, such as incubation of cells in the presence of a stimulating condition,
is d out in the cavity of a chamber, which, in some cases, can include rotation of the
chamber, for example, for mixing of the reagent and cells.
In some of any such embodiments, the method includes formulating cells, such as
cells produced or ted in accord with the provided methods, ing cell transduced by
the method, in a pharmaceutically acceptable buffer in an internal cavity of a centrifugal
chamber, thereby producing a formulated composition. In some embodiments, the methods
further e effecting expression of the formulated composition to one or a plurality of
containers. In some embodiments, the methods include the effecting of expression of the
formulated composition includes effecting expression of a number of the cells present in a single
unit dose to one or each of said one or a plurality of containers.
In some of any such embodiments, each of said a cavity of a centrifugal chamber is
the same or different as a cavity of a centrifugal employed in one or more of the other steps
and/or in the process of incubating and/or rotating an input ition containing cells and
viral les.
In some of any such embodiments, each of said centrifugal chambers is integral to a
closed system, said closed system including said chamber and at least one tubing line operably
linked to the at least one opening via at least one connector, whereby liquid and gas are
permitted to move between said cavity and said at least one tubing line in at least one
configuration of said system.
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The cells processed by the methods typically are primary cells, such as cells obtained
from a t, typically a human. The cells may be d from a t to which the therapy
is to be administered, such as one having a disease or condition targeted by a recombinant
molecule expressed by a vector transduced, e.g., a recombinant antigen receptor such as a
chimeric antigen receptor or transgenic TCR. Alternatively, the cells may be from a different
subject. Thus, the methods ass processing for autologous and allogeneic transfer. The
cells may include suspension cells, e.g., white blood cells, e.g., T cells, such as isolated CD8+ T
cells, or isolated CD4+ T cells or subsets thereof, or NK cells.
In some embodiments, during the incubation, the centrifugal chamber is associated
with a sensor, for example, a sensor e of monitoring the on of the movable member,
and control circuitry, such as circuitry capable of receiving and transmitting information to and
from the sensor, causing movement of said movable member, and/or that is further associated
with a centrifuge and thus is capable of causing rotation of the r during said incubation.
In some embodiments, the chamber contains the movable member and during the
incubation is located within a centrifuge and associated with a sensor capable of monitoring the
position of the movable member, and control circuitry capable of receiving and transmitting
information from the sensor and causing movement of the movable member, intake and
expression of liquid to and from said cavity via said one or more tubing lines, and rotation of the
chamber via the fuge.
In some embodiments, the r, control circuitry, centrifuge, and/or sensor are
housed within a cabinet, e.g., during the incubation.
In some embodiments of any of the viral transfer, e.g., transduction s, the
recombinant viral vector s a recombinant receptor, which is y expressed by cells of
the output composition. In some embodiments, the recombinant receptor is a inant
antigen receptor, such as a functional non-T cell receptor, e.g., a chimeric antigen receptor
(CAR), or a transgenic T cell receptor (TCR). In some embodiments, the recombinant receptor
is a chimeric receptor containing an extracellular portion that ically binds to a ligand and
an intracellular signaling n containing an activating domain and a costimulatory domain.
In some of any such embodiments, the cells include y human T cells obtained
from a human subject and prior to the incubation with viral vector particles and/or prior to
completion of the transduction and/or, where the method includes ation, prior to the
formulation, the primary human T cells have not been present externally to the subject at a
temperature of greater than 30°C for greater than 1 hour, greater than 6 hours, greater than 24
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hours, or greater than 48 hours or prior to the incubation and/or prior to the completion of the
transduction, and/or where the method includes formulation, prior to the formulation, the
primary human T cells have not been incubated in the presence of an antibody specific for CD3
and/or an antibody specific for CD28 and/or a cytokine, for greater than 1 hour, greater than 6
hours, greater than 24 hours, or greater than 48 hours.
Provided herein are methods for isolation, e.g. selection, of cells including (a)
incubating a selection reagent and primary cells in an internal cavity of a centrifugal r
under mixing conditions, whereby a plurality of the primary cells bind to said selection reagent
and (b) separating the plurality of the primary cells from another one or more of the primary
cells based on binding to the ion reagent, thereby enriching the y cells based on
binding to the selection reagent, n the centrifugal chamber is rotatable around an axis of
rotation and the internal cavity has a maximum volume of at least 50 mL, at least 100 mL, or at
least 200 mL. In some embodiments, the methods for isolation, e.g. ion, occur in a closed
system. In some embodiments, prior to the step of separating the ity of cells, the cells
incubated with the selection reagent, are expressed from or transferred out of the chamber, but
maintained in the closed system. In some embodiments, optionally, subsequent to incubation
with the ion reagent and prior to separating the cells, the method further es one or
more washing steps, which in some cases, can be performed in the cavity of the chamber in
accord with the provided methods. In some embodiments, the step of separating the cells can be
ing using a solid support, such as using an immunoaffinity—column, including those for
magnetic separation, which can be contained in the closed system.
Provided herein are methods for stimulation of cells, including incubating a
stimulation agent and primary cells under conditions whereby the stimulation agent binds to a
molecule expressed by a plurality of the primary cells and the plurality of the cells are activated
or ated, wherein at least a portion of the tion is carried out in an internal cavity of a
centrifugal chamber under mixing conditions, where the centrifugal chamber is ble around
an axis of on and the internal cavity has a maximum volume of at least 50 mL, at least 100
mL, or at least 200 mL.
In some embodiments, the methods of stimulation are performed as part of a process
that includes transducing cells, whereby all or a part of such process is performed in a
centrifugal chamber and/or as part of the same closed system. In some embodiments, the
primary cells that are stimulated with a stimulation agent e or are cells obtained following
isolation, e.g. selection, of cells from a ical sample, such as in accord with the provided
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methods. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the stimulation is carried out
simultaneously or during the incubation of cells with the viral vector particles, such that the
primary cells include or are cells t in the input composition and/or are cells in which
transduction has ed or is initiated. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the
stimulation is carried out prior to the incubation of cells with the viral vector particles, such that
the cells incubated with the viral vector particles are ated cells, which, in some cases,
includes proliferating cells.
In some embodiments, at least a portion of the one of more other processing steps of
the method, including isolation, e.g. selection, stimulation, washing and/or formulation, that is
carried out in a chamber includes where the chamber es an end wall, a substantially rigid
side wall extending from said end wall, and at least one opening, wherein at least a portion of
the side wall surrounds the internal cavity and the at least one opening is capable of permitting
intake of liquid into the internal cavity and expression of liquid from the cavity.
Provided herein are compositions ning transduced cells produced by the
methods of any of the above embodiments. In some of any such embodiments, the composition
contains cells that are primary cells and/or human cells and/or include white blood cells, and/or
T cells, and/or NK cells. In some of any such embodiments, the composition contains at least 5
x 107 cells, 1 x 108 cells, 2 X 108 cells, 4 x 108 cells, 6 x 108 cells, 8 x 108 cells or 1 x 109 cells.
In some of any such embodiments, the composition contains a therapeutically effective number
of cells for use in adoptive T cell therapy. In some of any such ments, the cells are T
cells and subsequent to uction, the cells in the composition are not subjected to cell
expansion in the presence of a stimulating agent and/or the cells are not incubated at a
temperature greater than 30 °C for more than 24 hours or the ition does not contain a
cytokine or the composition does not contain a stimulating agent that specifically binds to CD3
or a TCR complex.
Provided herein are compositions containing at least 1 x 107 or at least 5 x 107 T
cells, at least a plurality of which are transduced with a recombinant viral vector, where
subsequent to transduction, the cells in the composition have not been subjected to cell
expansion in the presence of a stimulating agent and/or the cells have not been incubated at a
temperature r than 30 °C for more than 24 hours and/or at least 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, or 80 %
of the T cells in the ition contain high surface expression of CD69 or TGF-beta-II. In
some ments, the composition contains at least 1 x 108 cells, 2 x 108 cells, 4 x 108 cells, 6
x 108, 8 x 108 cells or 1 x 109 cells.
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In some of any such embodiments, the T cells are unfractionated T cells, isolated
CD8+ T cells, or isolated CD4+ T cells.
In some of any such embodiments, at least 2.5 %, at least 5 %, at least 6 %, at least 8
%, at least 10 %, at least 20 %, at least 25 %, at least 30 %, at least 40 %, at least 50 %, or at
least 75 % of said cells in said composition are transduced with the viral vector.
In some of any such embodiments, the viral vector encodes a recombinant receptor
and transduced cells in the composition express the inant receptor. In some
embodiments, the recombinant receptor is a recombinant antigen receptor. In some
embodiments, the recombinant antigen or is a functional non-T cell receptor. In some
embodiments, the onal non-T cell receptor is a ic n receptor (CAR). In some
ments, the recombinant receptor is a chimeric receptor containing an extracellular
portion that specifically binds to a ligand and an intracellular ing portion containing an
activating domain and a costimulatory domain. In some embodiments, the recombinant antigen
receptor is a transgenic T cell receptor (TCR).
In some of any such embodiments, among all the cells in the composition, the
average copy number of the recombinant viral vector is no more than about 10, no more than 8,
no more than 6, no more than 4, or no more than about 2, or among the cells in the composition
transduced with the inant viral vector, the average copy number of said vector is no more
than about 10, no more than 8, no more than 6, no more than 4, or no more than about 2.
In some of any such embodiments, the composition contains a pharmaceutically
acceptable excipient.
Provided herein are methods of treatment, including administering to a subject
having a disease or condition the composition of any of the above embodiments. In some
embodiments, the transduced T cells in the composition exhibit increased or longer expansion
and/or persistence in the subject than transduced T cells in a ition in which, subsequent
to transduction, the cells in the composition have been subjected to cell expansion in the
presence of a stimulating agent and/or the cells have been incubated at a temperature greater
than 30 °C for more than 24 hours.
In some of any such embodiments, the inant receptor, chimeric antigen
receptor or transgenic TCR specifically binds to an antigen associated with the disease or
condition. In some embodiments, the disease or condition is a cancer, an autoimmune disease or
er, or an ious disease.
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Provided herein are itions containing at least 1 x 107 cells and at least at or
about 1 ious unit (IU) per cell of viral particles containing a recombinant viral vector. In
some embodiments, the cells contain at least or about 50 X 106 cells, 100 x 106 cells, or 200 x
106 cells, and/or said viral particles are present in the composition in an amount that is at least
1.6 IU/cell, 1.8 l, 2.0 IU/cell, 2.4 IU/cell, 2.8 IU/cell, 3.2 IU/cell, 3.6 IU/cell, 4.0 IU/cell,
.0 IU/Cell, 6.0 IU/Cell, 7.0 IU/cell, 8.0 IU/cell, 9.0 IU/cell or 10.0 IU/cell.
In any of such embodiments, the liquid volume of the composition is less than or
equal to 220 mL, less than or equal to 200 mL, less than or equal to 100 mL, less than or equal
to 50 mL or less than or equal to 20 mL.
In some of any such embodiments, the cells are primary cells. In some of any such
embodiments, the cells are human cells. In some of any such embodiments, the cells include
suspension cells, the cells include white blood cells and/or the cells include T cells or NK cells.
In some embodiments, the cells are T cells and the T cells are unfractionated T cells, isolated
CD8+ T cells, or isolated CD4+ T cells.
In some of any such embodiments, the viral vector encodes a inant receptor.
In some embodiments, the recombinant receptor is a recombinant antigen receptor. In some
embodiments, the recombinant antigen receptor is a functional non—T cell receptor. In some
embodiments, the functional non-T cell or is a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR). In some
embodiments, the recombinant receptor is a chimeric receptor containing an extracellular
portion that specifically binds to a ligand and an intracellular ing portion containing an
activating domain and a costimulatory domain. In some embodiments, the recombinant antigen
or is a transgenic T cell receptor (TCR).
Provided herein are centrifugal chambers rotatable around an axis of rotation,
including an internal cavity containing the composition of any of the above embodiments.
Provided herein are centrifugal chambers rotatable around an axis of on,
containing an internal cavity containing (a) a composition containing at least 5 x 107 y T
cells transduced with a recombinant viral vector and/or (b) a composition containing at least 5 x
107 primary T cells and viral particles containing a recombinant viral vector.
In some of any such embodiments, the chamber further contains an end wall, a
substantially rigid side wall extending from said end wall, and at least one opening, n at
least a portion of said side wall surrounds said internal cavity and said at least one opening is
capable of permitting intake of liquid into said internal cavity and expression of liquid from said
cavity.
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In some of any such ments, said composition in said cavity contains at least 1
x 108 cells, 2 x 108 cells, 4 x 108 cells, 6 x 108 cells, 8 x 108 cells or 1 x 109 of the cells.
In some of any such ments, the T cells are unfractionated T cells, isolated
CD8+ T cells, or isolated CD4+ T cells.
In some of any such embodiments of the r, at least 2.5 %, at least 5 %, at least
6 %, at least 8 %, at least 10 %, at least 20 %, at least 25 %, at least 30 %, at least 40 %, at least
50 %, or at least 75 % of said cells in said composition are transduced with a viral vector.
In some of any such embodiments of the chamber, the viral vector encodes a
recombinant receptor and cells in the composition express the recombinant receptor. In some
embodiments, the recombinant receptor is a recombinant n receptor. In some
embodiments, the recombinant antigen or is a functional non—T cell receptor. In some
embodiments, the functional non-T cell receptor is a ic antigen receptor (CAR). In some
ments, the recombinant receptor is a chimeric receptor containing an extracellular
portion that specifically binds to a ligand and an intracellular signaling portion containing an
activating domain and a costimulatory domain. In some embodiments, the recombinant antigen
receptor is a transgenic T cell receptor (TCR).
In some of any such embodiments of the r, among all the cells in the
composition, the average copy number of said recombinant viral vector is no more than about
, no more than 8, no more than 6, no more than 4, or no more than about 2 or among the cells
in the composition transduced with the recombinant viral vector, the average copy number of
said vector is no more than about 10, no more than 8, no more than 6, no more than 4, or no
more than about 2.
Provided herein are centrifugal chambers rotatable around an axis of rotation,
ing an internal cavity containing the composition of any of the above embodiments. In
some embodiments, the chamber r contains a volume of gas up to the maximum volume of
the internal cavity of the chamber. In some ments, the gas is air.
In some of any such embodiments of the chamber, the chamber is rotatable around an
axis of rotation and includes an end wall, a substantially rigid side wall extending from said end
wall, and at least one opening, wherein at least a portion of said side wall surrounds said internal
cavity and said at least one opening is capable of permitting intake of liquid into said internal
cavity and expression of liquid from said cavity. In some embodiments the side wall is
curvilinear. In some embodiments the side wall is generally cylindrical.
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In some of any such ments of the chamber, said at least one opening includes
an inlet and an outlet, respectively capable of permitting said intake and expression or said at
least one opening includes a single inlet/outlet, capable of permitting said intake and said
expression. In some of any such embodiments of the chamber, aid at least one opening is
coaxial with the chamber and is located in the end wall.
In some of any such embodiments, the chamber further includes a movable member
and said internal cavity is a cavity of variable volume defined by said end wall, said
substantially rigid side wall, and said movable member, said movable member being e of
moving within the chamber to vary the internal volume of the . In some embodiments, the
movable member is a piston and/or the movable member is capable of y moving within the
chamber to vary the internal volume of the cavity.
In some of any such embodiments, the internal surface area of said cavity is at least
at or about 1 x 109 umz, the internal surface area of said cavity is at least at or about 1 x 1010
umz, the length of said rigid wall in the ion extending from said end wall is at least about 5
cm, the length of said rigid wall in the ion extending from said end wall is at least about 8
cm and/or the cavity ns a radius of at least about 2 cm at at least one cross—section.
In some of any such embodiments of the chamber, the liquid volume of said
composition present in said cavity is between or between about 0.5 mL per square inch of the
internal surface area of the cavity (mL/sq.in) and 5 mL/sq.in, 0.5 mL/sq.in. and 2.5 mL/sq.in.,
0.5 mL/sq.in. and l mL/sq.in., l mL/sq.in. and 5 mL/sq.in., l mL/sq.in. and 2.5 in. or 2.5
mL/sq.in. and 5 mL/sq.in. In some of any such embodiments, the liquid volume of said
composition present in said cavity is at least 0.5 mL/sq.in., l mL/sq.in., 2.5 mL/sq.in., or 5
mL/sq.in.
Provided herein are closed systems containing the centrifugal chamber of any of the
above embodiments. In some of any such ments of the closed system, the fugal
chamber is capable of rotation at a speed up to 8000 g, wherein the centrifugal chamber is
capable of withstanding a force of 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000 or 3200 g, without
substantially ng, bending, or breaking or otherwise resulting in damage of the chamber
and/or while substantially holding a lly cylindrical shape under such force.
Brief Description of the Drawings
shows transduction efficiency calculated as percentage of CD3+ T cells with
surface expression of a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) encoded by a viral vector, following
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incubation under various conditions as described in e 1. shows population
doublings over a y period during the transduction study described in e 1.
shows transduction efficiency calculated as percentage of CD3+ T Cells with
surface expression of a CAR encoded by a viral vector following incubation under the indicated
conditions as described in Example 2.
shows transduction efficiency calculated as percentage of CD3+ T Cells with
surface expression of a CAR encoded by a viral vector following incubation under various
conditions as bed in Example 3.
shows mean vector copy number (VCN) of a viral vector in indicated cell
populations following transduction under various conditions as described in Example 4.
provides a schematic representation of an embodiment of a closed system
(processing kit) for use in embodiments of the ed methods. The depicted ary
system es a generally rical centrifugal chamber (1), rotatable around an axis of
rotation and including an end wall (13), a rigid side wall (14), and a piston (2), defining an
internal cavity (7) of the chamber. The chamber further includes an inlet/outlet opening (6) to
permit flow of liquid and gas in and out of the cavity in at least some configurations of the
system. The opening (6) is operably linked with a series of tubing lines (3) and connectors,
ing stopcock valves (4) and various additional containers. Clamps (5) are also depicted.
shows population doublings over a ten-day period during the study
bed in Example 6. shows percent viability of cells over a y period during
the study described in Example 6.
provides a schematic representation of an ment of a closed system
(processing kit) for use in embodiments of the provided methods. The depicted exemplary
system includes a generally cylindrical centrifugal chamber (1), rotatable around an axis of
rotation and including an end wall (13), a rigid side wall (14), and a piston (2), defining an
internal cavity (7) of the chamber. The chamber further includes an inlet/outlet opening (6) to
permit flow of liquid and gas in and out of the cavity in at least some configurations of the
system. The g (6) is operably linked with a series of tubing lines (3) and connectors,
including ck valves (4), various additional containers, and an air filter (15) coupled to a
removable cap (16). Clamps (5) are also depicted.
shows transduction efficiency calculated as percentage of CD3+ T Cells
with surface expression of a CAR encoded by a viral vector following incubation under the
indicated conditions as described in Example 8A. shows transduction efficiency
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calculated as percentage of CD3+ T Cells with surface expression of a CAR encoded by a viral
vector following incubation under the indicated conditions as described in Example 8B. shows mean vector copy number (VCN) of a viral vector in indicated cell populations
ing transduction under various conditions as described in Example 8B.
shows transduction efficiency calculated as percentage of CD3+ T Cells
with surface expression of a CAR encoded by a viral vector following incubation under the
indicated conditions as bed in Example 9. shows mean vector copy number
(VCN) of a viral vector in ted cell populations following transduction under various
conditions as described in Example 9.
shows transduction efficiency calculated as tage of CD3+ T Cells with
e expression of a CAR encoded by a viral vector following incubation under the indicated
conditions as described in Example 10.
provides a schematic representation of an embodiment of a closed system
ssing kit) for use in embodiments of the provided methods. The depicted exemplary
system includes a generally cylindrical centrifugal chamber (1), rotatable around an axis of
rotation and including an end wall (13), a rigid side wall (14), and a piston (2), defining an
internal cavity (7) 0f the r. The chamber further includes an inlet/outlet opening (6) to
permit flow of liquid and gas in and out of the cavity in at least some configurations of the
system. The opening (6) is operably linked with a series of tubing lines (3) and connectors,
including stopcock valves (4) and ports (18), and various additional containers, including a
plurality of output bags (17). Clamps (5) are also depicted.
Detailed Description
Unless defined otherwise, all terms of art, notations and other technical and scientific
terms or terminology used herein are intended to have the same meaning as is commonly
understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed subject matter pertains. In
some cases, terms with commonly understood meanings are defined herein for clarity and/or for
ready nce, and the ion of such definitions herein should not arily be construed
to represent a substantial difference over what is generally understood in the art.
All publications, including patent documents, scientific articles and databases,
referred to in this application are incorporated by reference in their entirety for all es to
the same extent as if each individual publication were individually incorporated by reference. If
a definition set forth herein is ry to or otherwise inconsistent with a definition set forth in
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the patents, ations, published applications and other publications that are herein
incorporated by reference, the definition set forth herein prevails over the definition that is
incorporated herein by reference.
The section headings used herein are for organizational purposes only and are not to
be ued as limiting the t matter described.
1. Methods of cell processing and associated systems, kits, and devices
ed are methods for processing cells, for example, to generate compositions of
cells for use in adoptive cell therapy. The s include those for transferring recombinant
viral vectors to the cells, such as by viral transduction. The viral vectors generally encode
inant molecules to be expressed in the cells, e.g., for use in cell therapy. Processing steps
of the methods can also or alternatively include all or a portion of cell washing, dilution,
selection, isolation, separation, cultivation, stimulation, packaging, and/or formulation. The
methods generally allow for the processing, e.g., selection or separation and/or transduction, of
cells on a large scale (such as in compositions of volumes r than at or about 50 mL). One
or more of the cell processing steps generally are carried out in the internal cavity of a
fugal chamber, such as a substantially rigid chamber that is generally cylindrical in shape
and rotatable around an axis of rotation, which can provide certain advantages compared to other
available s. In some embodiments, all processing steps are d out in the same
centrifugal chamber. In some embodiments, one or more processing steps are carried out in
different centrifugal chambers, such as multiple centrifugal chambers of the same type.
The provided s offer various advantages compared with available methods for
cell processing, including for transduction and selection, particularly those for large—scale cell
sing. Certain available methods have not been entirely satisfactory, for example, due to
less than optimal efficacy, accuracy, reproducibility, cost and time expenditure, risk of error,
complexity, and need for user handling and biosafety facilities. In some embodiments, the
provided methods are suitable for large-scale and/or clinical-grade cell tion, while still
providing desirable features otherwise available only with small—scale production methods, and
offering additional ages not provided by available methods. For example, the methods for
cell transduction and/or affinity-based selection offer advantages compared with available
methods performed in flexible plastic bags or plastic well plates.
In some embodiments, the centrifugal chamber and/or its internal cavity in which the
cells are sed is surrounded or defined at least in part by rigid or substantially rigid
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material. Incubation in a cavity bound by such als, such as hard plastic, permits
centrifugation under certain conditions, such as forces higher than those that may be used with
bags used in other large-scale cell processing methods. For example, in some embodiments, the
chamber and cavity Withstand centrifugation at a force, e.g., a relative centrifugal force, of least
at or about 500 g, 1000 g, 1500 g, 2000 g, 2500 g, 3000 g or 3200 g, as measured for e at
an internal or external wall of the chamber or cavity, or at one or more cell, such as layer of
cells, without substantially yielding, bending, or breaking or otherwise resulting in damage of
the chamber or cavity holding the cells, such that the chamber and/or cavity substantially hold
their shape under such force.
Accordingly, the chamber and/or its internal cavity typically are surrounded by all or
a portion of a rigid or semi—rigid side wall, such as one made of hard plastic, which holds its
shape under the fugal force applied. The side wall generally is curvilinear, e.g., cylindrical
or lly cylindrical, and typically extends from one or two end walls of the chamber, the
internal side of one or both of which may also define the boundaries of the internal cavity. The
end walls in some embodiments are also made of rigid materials, and in some embodiments may
include more flexible materials. In some embodiments, while a wall is made of rigid material or
substantially rigid material, it may nonetheless be lined and/or coated with flexible material
and/or contain small portions which are more flexible, so long as the cavity as a whole maintains
its overall shape during the conditions of the methods.
The centrifugal chamber generally is rotatable around an axis of rotation, and the
cavity typically is coaxial with the chamber. In some embodiments, the centrifugal chamber
further includes a movable member, such as a piston, which lly is e of movement
(e. g., axial nt) within the chamber, to vary the volume of the . Thus, in ular
embodiments, the internal cavity is bound by the side wall and end wall of the chamber and the
movable , and has a le volume that may be adjusted by moving the movable
member. The movable member may be made of rigid, substantially or generally rigid, flexible
materials, or combinations thereof.
The chamber generally also includes one or more opening(s), such as one or more
inlet, one or more outlet, and/or one or more inlet/outlet, which can permit intake and expression
of liquid and/or gas to and from the cavity. In some cases, the opening can be an inlet/outlet
where both intake and expression of the liquid and/or gas occurs. In some cases, the one or
more inlets can be separate or different from the one or more outlets. The opening or openings
may be in one of the end walls. In some embodiments, liquid and/or gas is taken into and/or
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expressed from the cavity by movement of the movable member to increase and/or decrease the
cavity’ s volume. In other embodiments, liquid and/or gas may be taken into and/or sed
from the cavity through a tubing line or other channel that is or is placed in connection with the
opening, for e, by g the line or channel in connection with and control of a pump,
syringe, or other machinery, which may be controlled in an automated fashion.
In some embodiments, the chamber is part of a closed system, such as a sterile
system, having various additional ents such as tubing lines and connectors and caps,
within which processing steps occur. Thus, in some ments, the provided methods and/or
steps thereof are carried out in a completely closed or semi-closed environment, such as a closed
or semi-closed sterile system, facilitating the production of cells for eutic administration to
subjects without the need for a separate sterile environment, such as a biosafety cabinet or room.
The methods in some ments are carried out in an automated or partially automated
fashion.
In some embodiments, the chamber is associated with a centrifuge, which is capable
of effecting rotation of the chamber, such as around its axis of rotation. Rotation may occur
before, during, and/or after the incubation in one or more of the processing steps. Thus, in some
embodiments, one or more of the various processing steps is carried out under rotation, e.g., at a
particular force. The chamber is lly capable of al or generally vertical rotation, such
that the chamber sits vertically during centrifugation and the side wall and axis are vertical or
generally vertical, with the end wall(s) horizontal or generally horizontal. One exemplary
chamber is depicted within exemplary closed systems depicted in or FIG. ll.
The processing steps of the methods (e.g., the steps carried out in whole or in part in
the chamber) may include any one or more of a number of cell processing steps, alone or in
combination. In ular embodiments, the processing steps include transduction of the cells
with viral vector particles containing a retroviral vector, such as one encoding a recombinant
t for expression in the cells, where at least a part of the incubation with the viral vector
particles is performed in the chamber to initiate transduction. The methods may further and/or
alternatively e other processing steps, such as steps for the isolation, separation, selection,
cultivation (e.g., stimulation of the cells, for example, to induce their proliferation and/or
activation), washing, sion, dilution, concentration, and/or formulation of the cells. In
some embodiments, the method includes processing steps carried out in an order in which: cells,
e.g. y cells, are first isolated, such as selected or separated, from a biological sample;
resulting isolated or selected cells are stimulated in the presence of a stimulation reagent;
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stimulated cells are incubated with viral vector particles for transduction; and transduced cells
are formulated in a ition. In some embodiments, the stimulation is additionally or
alternatively performed during at least a part of the tion with the viral vector les. In
some cases, stimulation is additionally or alternatively carried out after incubation of cells with
the viral vector particles. In some cases, the methods do not e a step of stimulating the
cells. In some embodiments, the method can include one or more processing steps from among
washing, suspending, diluting and/or concentrating cells, which can occur prior to, during or
simultaneous with or uent to one or more of the isolation, such as separation or selection,
stimulation, transduction and/or formulation steps. All or a portion of each of the processing
steps may be performed in a closed system, such as in a fugal chamber. In aspects of the
methods, the processes need not be performed in the same closed system, such as in the same
centrifugal r, but can be performed under a different closed , such as in a ent
centrifugal r; in some embodiments, such different centrifugal chambers are at the
respective points in the methods placed in association with the same system, such as placed in
association with the same centrifuge. In some embodiments, all sing steps are performed
in a closed system, in which all or a portion of each one or more processing step is performed in
the same or a different centrifugal chamber.
In some embodiments, the methods provide the ability to transduce the cells at a
higher transduction efficiency compared with available methods, e.g., by carrying out all or a
part of transduction at higher centrifugal forces/speeds, and/or by allowing easy, automated,
and/or independent control or adjustment of various parameters, such as volume or amount of
reagents, speed, and/or temperature. In some embodiments, the methods increase efficacy
and/or reduce variability (increasing reproducibility), e.g., by streamlining and/or decreasing the
number of user-interactions and/or handling steps, such as by providing automated or semi-
ted control of the various steps.
In some embodiments, by virtue of carrying out one or more, e.g., all or a portion of
all, of the processing steps within a closed system, such as a sterile closed system, the provided
methods allow for the large—scale preparation of cells for clinical use Without exposing the cells
to non—sterile conditions and without the use of a separate sterile room or cabinet. In some
embodiments, the cells are isolated, separated or selected, stimulated, transduced, washed, and
formulated within the closed system, e.g., in an ted n. In some ments, the
methods are advantageous in that they are streamlined, e.g., require fewer steps, less user
handling or intervention, e.g., by being carried out in a single, closed system and/or in an
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automated fashion. For example, in some ments, the methods provide improvement over
methods for processing cells for use in clinical applications, which may e transduction in
bags in a centrifuge or plate, by mixing viral vector les and cells at appropriate ratios in a
biosafety cabinet, followed by transportation of the plate or bag to the centrifuge for
transduction or other processing step, and additional steps that may also require handling. In
some embodiments, the provided methods are less manual and/or labor-intensive compared to
such available s, requiring a reduced degree or quantity of ng and user interaction.
In some embodiments, the methods allow for a greater degree of process l
compared with available s. For example, the methods in some embodiments allow for
the independent control of various parameters, e.g., in an automated fashion. For example, the
methods may allow independent control of volume, amount, and/or concentration of various
components and reagents used in and processed with the methods or various ions used in
one or more of the processes or methods. They generally permit control of the duration of one
or more various steps of the methods, and/or the control of the ratio of cells in a particular
incubation or composition, liquid , and/or surface area of the vessel being used for the
processing, such as the chamber or cavity. The ability to control such parameters independently,
particularly in an automated fashion and ndently of one another, can allow a user to easily
optimize and carry out the methods for individual conditions.
Also provided are s, s, and apparatuses for use with such methods, kits
containing the same, and methods of use of the compositions and cells produced by the methods.
For example, provided are methods of treatment and therapeutic use of the cells and
compositions produced by the methods, such as in adoptive cell y. Also provided are
pharmaceutical compositions and formulations for use in such therapies.
II. Centrifugal chambers and associated systems and devices
In some embodiments, all or part of one or more of the processing steps, such as the
tion with virus to initiate or effect transduction and/or incubation with beads for
immunoaffinity-based separation and/or one or more other processing steps as described, is
carried out in a centrifugal r. In particular, such steps and incubations generally are
carried out in an internal cavity of such a chamber, which can be a same or different centrifugal
chamber for each of the one or more processes.
The centrifugal chamber is generally capable of being rotated, e.g., by a centrifuge
that may be associated with the chamber during the incubation. In some embodiments, the
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centrifuge chamber is rotatable around an axis of rotation, such as a vertical or generally or
substantially vertical axis of rotation. In some embodiments, the centrifuge chamber includes an
end wall and a side wall, at least a portion of which surrounds or encircles the internal cavity of
the chamber. The centrifuge chamber generally also includes another end wall, from which the
side wall extends in the te ion.
The internal cavity generally is bound on its outside by the internal sides of all or a
portion of the end wall, all or a portion of the side wall, and all or a portion of another end wall
of the chamber or another surface or object, such as a movable member within the chamber,
such as a piston. The cavity in some aspects is hollow. In other aspects, a solid or hollow object
is contained within part of the al space of the cavity, such as a tube or channel.
In some aspects, the cavity is of variable volume, meaning that the total volume
available within the cavity that may be occupied, e.g., by liquid or gas, may be varied, for
example, by movement of the moveable member, e.g., a . In some embodiments, such
movement is le during various steps of the methods, such as during the incubation to
initiate or effect the transduction or selection or steps subsequent and/or prior thereto. The
movement in some embodiments may be effected in an automated n, such as by a pre—
ied program run by virtue of circuitry and machinery associated with the chamber, such as
sensors and motors sensing and controlling position of the movable member and other aspects of
the process and circuitry for communicating between the sensors and one or more components.
The side wall of the chamber, or the portion thereof that surrounds the internal cavity
of the chamber (and thus the shape of the cavity), typically is curvilinear, such as cylindrical,
substantially cylindrical, or generally cylindrical. The term cylindrical is generally understood
to those in the art to refer to a particular type of curvilinear surface, formed by the points at a
fixed distance from a given line segment, deemed the axis of a cylindrical shape. “Generally
rical” refers to a shape or surface having a configuration that is approximately cylindrical
in shape or' structure, such as one that appears cylindrical to the eye or is nearly cylindrical, but
allows for some degree of variability. For example, the term asses shapes and surfaces
of which not every point is at the same distance from the axis, and permits some degree of
contouring and/or tapering, so long as the shape or surface appears rical and/or has a
ily cylindrical shape. It also encompasses shapes in which the majority of the shape is
cylindrical, such as where the ty of an outer wall of the centrifuge chamber is cylindrical
or substantially cylindrical in shape but relatively minor portions of it adopt another
ration, for example, tapering or contouring at or approaching one or more ends of the
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wall. In some embodiments, the n of the side wall of the chamber that surrounds the
cavity is cylindrical, whereas other portions of the wall may not be cylindrical.
In some embodiments, all or portions of the chamber and/or cavity are rigid or
ntially rigid. For example, all or part of the side wall may be rigid or substantially rigid,
for example to allow the r and cavity to withstand force, e.g., as applied during
centrifugation at high speeds, for example, at a force (relative centrifugal force (RCF)) at the
internal surface of the side wall of the cavity and/or at a surface layer of the cells of greater than
at or about 200 g, r than at or about 300 g, or greater than at or about 500 g, such as
greater than at or about 600 g, 800 g, 1100 g, 1000 g, 1500 g, 1600 g, 2000 g, 2200 g, 2500 g,
3000 g or 3200 g; or at least at or about 600 g, 800 g, 1000 g, 1100 g, 1500 g, 1600 g 2000 g,
2200 g, 2500 g, 3000 g, or 3200 g, such as at or about 2100 g or 2200 g. In some embodiments,
the RCF at the internal surface of the side wall of the cavity and/or at a e layer of the cells
is greater than at or about or is at or about 1100 g, 1200 g, 1400 g, 1600 g, 1800 g, 2000 g, 2200
g or more. In contrast, available methods for processing cells on a large scale, e.g., greater than
50 or 100 mL , using flexible bags, may only permit centrifugation at a relative
centrifugal force of no more than 200 g, 500 g, or 1000 g. Thus, the provided methods can
produce greater efficacy compared to such methods.
The term ive centrifugal force” or RCF is generally understood to be the
effective force imparted on an object or substance (such as a cell, sample, or pellet and/or a point
in the chamber or other container being rotated), ve to the earth’ s gravitational force, at a
particular point in space as compared to the axis of rotation. The value may be determined using
well-known formulas, taking into account the gravitational force, rotation speed and the radius
of rotation (distance from the axis of rotation and the object, substance, or particle at which RCF
is being measured).
The object, le, or location (or average thereof) at which RCF is expressed or
ined in a given case may be specified. For example, an RCF value or imate value
or range in some context herein is given for a particular portion or location within the centrifugal
chamber used in such methods, such as at the internal surface of the side wall of the chamber’ s
cavity in which the cells are processed, such as at any point along the e of the cylindrical
side wall of the cavity or at the average radial distance thereof. Similarly, the RCF value may be
given for a radial distance or average radial distance within another container, such as a bag, in
which cells are processed, relative to the axis of rotation. In other embodiments, the RCF is
given for the location of the sample or composition as a whole or at one or more particular cells
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or average or layer thereof, during the rotation. For example, the value may be the RCF at a
surface layer of the cells in the r or other container during rotation, such as at the cell
surface at the interface between a liquid in which the cells are being spun and the cells
themselves.
In general, the RCF is calculated by the formula 1.119 x 10'5 (rpm)2r (or 1.12 x 10-5
x (rpm)2 1'), where r = the radius (i.e., the ce in cm of a given particle, object or
substance from the axis of rotation), rpm=revolutions per minute. For example, in some
embodiments, the RCF at the internal surface of the side wall of internal processing cavity in
which cells are sed may be calculated using this formula, in which r is the distance
between a point on the internal surface of the side wall and the axis of rotation. atively,
the RCF at a cell or surface layer of cells (such as the interface between the cell layer(s) and
liquid during rotation) may be calculated using the formula, in which r is the ce between
the cell, surface layer, and/or interface, or an average thereof. For example, in some
embodiments, the radius (1') value for an RCF of the side wall may be based upon the mean of
the maximum and m possible radii or all possible radii along the length of the side wall
of the chamber. In some embodiments, the radius for an exemplary centrifugal chamber sold by
Biosafe AG for use with the Sepax® system (e.g., A-200/F) is at or about 2.6 cm or at or about
2.7 cm. In such an exemplary chamber, the radius for determining RCF at the interface between
the cell layer(s) and the liquid during on in such a chamber may be calculated by adding
the exact or approximate radial distance n the internal side wall of the cavity and the
chamber occupied by cells of the s) during rotation. Such value may be calculated or
approximated using known methods, for example, based on the er of one of the cells
being processed and/or the average diameter among such cells, for example, during rotation of
the chamber. Such value may be based on the full size of the cell but typically will take into
account impact on the relative volume occupied by each cell of the rotation or force itself, which
generally speaking will reduce such volume. In some examples, the approximated value is
determined using the size of a nucleus of the cell (or average f).
Thus, RCF or average RCF during a particular spin in a particular chamber or device
may be calculated for a given point or area based on the revolutions per minute (rpm) and the
distance between that point and the axis of rotation using well-known methods. Revolutions per
minute (rpm) may be determined for various devices and chambers using known methods, for
example, using a tachometer appropriate for the particular , system, or chamber. For
example, in some embodiments a hand-held photo or laser tachometer may be used, e.g., in
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combination with reflective tape, in the case of a centrifuge, system, or device with a window
from the environment to the chamber or , such as the Sepax®, which is clear or otherwise
s the passage of light between the tachometer to the chamber. For opaque systems, other
tachometers may be used such as vibrating reed type tachometers.
As is understood by those in the art, when used in the context of various vessels and
containers, such as chambers, plates, tubes and bags, used in cell processing and centrifugation
and materials thereof, rigid generally describes an object, portion thereof, or material which
substantially holds its shape and/or volume when placed in an environment, such as under a
degree of force, temperature, or other condition, in which one would ordinarily expect to be
present in the course of using the object. For example, it is understood in the art that rigid
centrifugal chambers and tubes such as those made of hard plastic are distinguishable from
flexible vessels such as cell processing and cell culture bags, such as bags made of soft plastics
and rubbers, e.g., fluoro ne propylene and similar materials, the shape of which changes
when pressure is applied manually or by pulling in liquid or gas, causing the bag to expand.
Thus, in some embodiments, rigid materials include hard plastic, metal, carbon fiber,
composites, ceramics, and glass, and/or are distinguished from flexible materials such as soft
rubber, silicone, and cs used in making flexible bags, the shape and volume of which is
easily d by ordinary pressure, e.g., manual pressure or the filling of a vessel with liquid
under ambient temperature or ordinary conditions.
For example, in some ments, the rigid centrifugal chamber and/or portion(s)
or material(s) thereof, such as the rigid side wall or portion thereof that surrounds the central
cavity, is able to hold its shape and/or volume and/or does not rupture or break in a way that it
would no longer contain liquid or gas, under ular conditions. In some embodiments, such
ions include manual re, such as pressure capable of being applied by human hand.
In some embodiments, such ions include specified centrifugal forces, such as at a force
(RCF), e.g., effective force, at the internal e of the side wall of the cavity, of greater than
at or about 200 g, greater than at or about 300 g, or greater than at or about 500 g, such as
greater than at or about 1000 g, 1500 g, 2000 g, 2500 g, 3000 g or 3200 g; or at least at or about
1000 g, 1500 g, 2000 g, or 2500 g, 3000 g, or 3200 g, such as at or about 2100 or 2200 g. In
some embodiments, the environment includes particular conditions, such as temperatures down
to at or about —80° C and/or up to logical temperatures or temperatures at which cells
remain viable, and/or higher, such as temperatures of 18 ° C to 42 ° C, such as 22 °C to 39 ° C,
for example at least 25 °C i 2 °C or 37 °C i 2 °C.
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As is understood in the art, describing an object as rigid or substantially rigid does
not exclude the possibility that any change in shape or volume of an object or material would
ever occur, such as under excessive or unexpected force. For example, under excessive force or
extreme environmental conditions, such as those well outside those ordinarily used in
connection with the transduction methods described herein.
The chamber generally includes at least one opening, such as an inlet, an outlet,
and/or an inlet/outlet, to permit substances to pass between the cavity or other portion of the
chamber and other spaces. For example, such opening(s) generally are included in at least one
of the walls of the chamber. The chamber generally includes at least one inlet and at least one
outlet, which in some embodiments may be the same opening (inlet/outlet), h which liquid
and/or gas may be taken into and expressed from the cavity. The opening is generally associated
with another environment Via a channel, e.g., tubing line or system of tubing lines, in some
embodiments, such as via one or more tors.
In some embodiments, the chamber is included as part of and/or al to a system,
such as a closed or lly closed system, which further includes additional components, such
as tubing lines, connectors, and containers. In some embodiments, the chamber is pre—connected
to one or more of the additional ents, directly and/or ctly. Such a chamber may be
provided as part of a pro-assembled kit, e.g., a kit packaged for single, sterile, use in tion
with the provided methods. In some embodiments, various components are packaged
tely, for example, to allow for custom configurations in which a user connects and
arranges the components for a particular embodiment of the processing methods.
The components typically include at least one tubing line, and generally a set or
system of tubing lines, and at least one connector. Exemplary connectors include valves, ports,
spikes, welds, seals, and hose clamps. The tors and/or other components may be aseptic,
for example, to permit the entire process to be carried out in a closed, sterile system, which can
eliminate or reduce the need for clean rooms, sterile cabinets, and/or laminar flow systems.
In some embodiments, the at least one tubing line es a series of tubing lines.
Tubing can be made of a plastic, such as polycarbonate, and may be of various sizes and/or
volumes, generally designed to permit flow of the desired liquid/gas at the appropriate rate, and
connection with the chamber and/or other components. The series of tubing lines generally
allows for the flow of liquids and gases between the chamber and/or one or more components of
the system, such as the other containers, facilitated in some aspects by tors. In some
embodiments, the system includes tubing lines connecting each of the various components to at
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least one other of the components, where liquid is permitted to flow between each of the
containers, such as bags, and the chamber, which may be permitted or stopped by the
configuration of various connectors, such as valves, and/or clamps.
In some aspects, the connectors are such that they may be placed in or directed to
alternative configurations, respectively blocking, allowing, and/or directing the flow of fluids
and gases through various ents, such as between various containers and through certain
tubing lines connecting s components, such as rotational and gate valves. In other
embodiments, certain connectors and/or other components have a single ration which
permits, directs, or blocks passage of liquid or gas, such as seals, caps, and/or open ports or
channels. s components in the system may include valves, ports, seals, and clamps.
Valves can include onal valves, such as stopcocks, rotary valves, and gate valves. Valves
can be arranged in a manifold array or as a single multiport rotational valve. Ports may include
Luer ports or spike ports. Seals may include O—rings, gaskets, adhesive seals, and couplings.
Clamps may include pinch clamps.
Other components of a system include containers capable of holding or storing
s and/or gases. The ners can include bags, vials, boxes, syringes, bulbs, tanks,
bottles, beakers, s, flasks, and tubing lines. Such ents can hold compositions used
in and produced by the methods, including byproducts and interim products and waste. Such
compositions may include liquid, ing buffers, growth media, transduction media, water,
diluents, washes, and/or saline, and may also e the cells, virus, and/or other agents for use
in the processing steps, such as transduction. The containers also may include waste ners,
and containers holding one or more output product, such as a product containing cells selected
and/or transduced by one or more processing steps of the methods herein.
In some embodiments of the systems, a plurality of containers can be ely
connected at one or more positions on the tubing line of the system. The containers can be
connected simultaneously and/or sequentially during methods of cell processing in the provided
embodiments. In some ments, the containers are detachable or removable from the
connectors, such that the containers can be removed from the system and/or ed by another
container at the same position for use with the system. In some embodiments, not all connector
positions of a system are connected to a container, such that the system can contain empty
connectors. In some such embodiments, a closed system is maintained by operation of one or
more stopcocks, valves or clamps, either manually or automatically, to close communication
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between a tubing line and an empty connector, e.g. port. In some embodiments, a closed system
is maintained by sealing or detaching an empty connector, e.g. port.
In some embodiments of the systems, such as the exemplary systems depicted in
or , containers can be ly connected to tubing lines, such as through
a connector, at positions corresponding to an Input Bag position, Diluent Bag 1 position, a
t Bag 2 position, a Waste Bag on, and/or an Output Bag position. With reference to
the Figures, the designation of these positions is for exemplification only, and is not meant to
limit the particular type of ner or content of the container that can be connected at a
position. Also, in embodiments of the provided methods, not all positions of the system, such as
depicted in the Figures, need to be utilized in performing the processing steps of the provided
methods. In some such embodiments, a tubing line servicing an empty connector, e.g. port, can
be disengaged or closed by operation of a stopcock or valve. In some embodiments, an empty
connector can be sealed or detached.
In some ments, the system, such as a closed system, is sterile. In some
embodiments, all tions of components of the , such as between tubing line and a
ner Via a connector, are made under sterile conditions. In some embodiments, connections
are made under laminar flow. In some embodiments, connections are made using a sterile
connection device that produces sterile connections, such as sterile welds, between a tubing and
a container. In some embodiments, a sterile tion device effects connection under l
condition high enough to maintain sterility, such as temperatures of at least 200 °C, such as at
least 260 °C or 300 ° C.
In some embodiments, the system may be disposable, such as a single-use kit. In
some embodiments, a single—use kit can be utilized in a plurality of cycles of a s or
processes, such as at least 2, 3, 4, 5 or more times, for example, in processes that occur in a
continuous or a semi—continuous manner. In some embodiments, the system, such as a single—
use kit, is ed for processing of cells from a single patient.
Exemplary centrifugal chambers include those produced and sold by Biosafe SA,
including those for use with the Sepax® and Sepax® 2 system, including an A—200/F and A—200
centrifugal chambers and various kits for use with such systems. Exemplary chambers, systems,
and sing instrumentation and cabinets are described, for example, in US Patent No.
6,123,655, US Patent No. 6,733,433 and Published US. Patent Application, Publication No.: US
2008/0171951, and published international patent application, publication no. WO 00/38762, the
contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference in their ty. Depending on
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the particular process (e.g. dilution, wash, transduction, ation), it is within the level of a
skilled artisan to choose a particular kit that is appropriate for the process. Exemplary kits for
use with such systems include, but are not limited to, single-use kits sold by e SA under
product names CS—430.l, CS—490.l, CS—600.l 0r CS—900.2.
In some embodiments, the system comprises a series of containers, e.g., bags, ,
stopcocks, clamps, connectors, and a centrifuge chamber. In some embodiments, the containers,
such as bags, e one or more containers, such as bags, containing the cells to be transduced
and the viral vector particles, in the same container or separate ners, such as the same bag
or separate bags. In some embodiments, the system further includes one or more containers,
such as bags, containing medium, such as diluent and/or wash solution, which is pulled into the
chamber and/or other components to dilute, end, and/or wash components and/or
compositions during the methods. The ners can be ted at one or more positions in
the system, such as at a position corresponding to an input line, diluent line, wash line, waste
line and/or output line.
Exemplary systems for use in embodiments of the provided methods for carrying out
one or more or all part of the process are depicted in and . In one
exemplary embodiment as shown in the fugal chamber (1) is at least generally
cylindrical and is rotatable around an axis of rotation. The chamber includes an end wall (13)
and a rigid side wall (14), and the movable member, which is a piston (2). The internal surfaces
of the end wall (13), rigid side wall (14), and piston (2) collectively define the boundaries of the
internal cavity (7) of the chamber. The cavity (7) is of variable volume and is coaxial with the
chamber, and is designed to contain the liquid and/or gas that is ed within the chamber
during the processing steps. The piston (2) is axially movable within the chamber (1) to vary the
volume of the internal cavity (7). The chamber further includes an inlet/outlet opening (6) to
permit flow of liquid and gas in and out of the cavity in at least some configurations of the
system. The opening (6) is operably linked with a series of tubing lines (3) and tors,
including stopcock valves (4), which are capable of controlling movement of fluid and/or gas
between the s components of the system. The series of tubing lines (3) further are linked
with various additional containers, which in the depicted configuration include bags labeled as
Input Bag, Diluent Bags 1 and 2, a Waste Bag, and an Output Bag. Clamps (5) may be opened
and closed to permit and block movement of fluid through the indicated portions of the series of
tubing lines (3), permitting flow between various components of the system. In some
embodiments, each ner is operably connected to a tubing line via a port, such as a luer port
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or spike port. As an example, with reference to at each point that a container is shown,
in some aspects, the ner is connected indirectly via a port.
While shows tion of a container at each position or line, in an
alternative embodiment, in some aspects, a container is not connected at each position or line of
the system. In some embodiments of provided systems, a port is available at each position or
line for connection, and a container is connected to all ons or lines or less than all positions
or lines. In some embodiments, not all connector positions of a system are connected to a
container, such that the system can contain empty connectors at each position or line.
In some embodiments, the system, such as the system shown in can include a
e or microbial filter. Exemplary of such a system is shown in which depicts a filter
(15). In some embodiments, the filter includes a filtration membrane having a pore size that
blocks passage of microbial organisms, such as bacteria or viruses. In some embodiments, the
pore size is between 0.1 pm to 0.45 pm, such as between 0.1 pm to 0.22 pm, such as about or
0.20 um. In some ments, the membrane is composed of nitrocellulose (cellulose nitrate),
cellulose acetate, regenerated ose, polyamide, polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) or
polyethersulfone (PES). In some embodiments, the filter includes a cap (16) to close or seal the
membrane of the filter from exposure to the environment e of the closed . In some
embodiments, the cap is closed or non-vented. In some embodiments, the cap is detachable. In
some embodiments, the cap is fitted to the filter by a luer lock fitting. As described in more
detail below, in some embodiments, the filter can be used to effect passage of gas, such as air, to
and from the chamber of the system. In some such embodiments, the passage of air is
maintained under sterile or ial-free conditions.
In one embodiment, the Input Bag includes cells for processing by the ed
methods, such as transduction. In one embodiment, Diluent Bag 1 includes viral vector particles
containing the vector with which to transduce the cells. Thus, in some embodiments, the input
composition containing the viral vector particles and cells is generated by effecting intake of
fluid from the Input Bag and effecting intake of fluid from Diluent Bag 1. In some
embodiments, Diluent Bag 2 contains wash on. The Output Bag generally is designed to
take in the cells following one or more of the processing steps, such as by transfer of the output
composition from the cavity of the chamber to the Output Bag after incubation with viral vector
particles. Thus, in some embodiments, the Output Bag ns transferred cells transduced
with and/or in which transduction is initiated with the viral vector particles. In some
embodiments, the processing comprises transduction of the cells with a viral vector.
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In some embodiments, a multi—way manifold (17) can be used to operably connect
one or a plurality of containers to the system Via a plurality of ports (18) connected to a manifold
of tubing lines. The multi-way manifold can contain a series of tubing lines that feed to the
inlet/outlet of the chamber to permit flow between the chamber and the connected container or
containers. In some such embodiments, the manifold connects a plurality of ners, such as
at least 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or more containers, at the same position or line on the . In some
embodiments, all ports of the multi-way manifold (17) are connected to a container, such as a
bag. In some ments, less than all of the ports of the multi—way manifold (17) are
ted to a container, such as a bag, such that a container is connected at less than the total
number of port positions, for example less than 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, or 2 ners, such as bags, are
connected. In some embodiments, the tubing lines associated with the manifold can contain a
clamp or stopcock, which can be opened or closed to control movement through the line into the
container as necessary. The multi—way manifold (17) can be connected to any of the ons or
lines available on the system, such to a position or line designated an input line, diluent line,
wash line, waste line and/or output line.
In some embodiments, exemplary of a multi—way manifold (17) for linking a
container or containers is shown in FIG. ll for connecting one or a plurality of containers, such
as one or a plurality of bags, for example one or a plurality of output Bags. As shown, in some
ments, a multi-way manifold (17) can be connected to an output position or line, which
includes a series of manifold tubing lines that each end with a connector, such as a port (18), for
operable connection to a container, such as a bag. One or more of the ports, such as all of the
ports or less than all of the ports, can be ted to a container. In one embodiment as
exemplified in , up to 3 containers can be ted to each tubing line of the manifold
via a port. In other embodiments, up to l, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 containers, such as Output bags,
can be connected at the output line. In some embodiments, one or a plurality of clamps (5)
associated with tubing lines, such as the manifold tubing line, may be opened or closed to permit
or control the movement of liquid into one or more of the plurality of Output Bags. In some
ments, a single clamp can control movement of liquid into all Output Bags
simultaneously. In some embodiments, the nt of liquid into each of the plurality of bags
is separately regulated by a clamp operably connected to a tubing line associated with only one
respective container, such that the movement of liquid into the respective container can be made
ble from the movement of liquid into all other containers. In some embodiments,
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movement of liquid into each container, such as each bag, for example each Output bag, can be
made to be sequential.
In some embodiments, the system is ed with and/or placed into association
with other instrumentation, including instrumentation to operate, automate, control and/or
monitor s of the various processing steps performed in the system. This mentation in
some embodiments is contained within a cabinet.
In some embodiments, the mentation includes a cabinet, which includes a
housing containing control circuitry, a centrifuge, a cover, motors, pumps, sensors, displays, and
a user interface. An exemplary device is described in US Patent No. 6,123,655, US Patent No.
6,733,433 and US 2008/0171951.
The control circuitry in some aspects rs and communicates information and
instructions to and from the other instrumentation and various components of the system. In
some embodiments, the cabinet contains a user interface device, comprising a display and an
input device, such as a keyboard, a mouse, or a touchscreen. The user interface displays
information from the control circuitry, allows the user to stop and start a process or steps, such
as to effect a transduction protocol. The interface may also prompt the user to input settings for
variables used by the control circuitry during a process step, such as a transduction protocol.
Such variables may include volume of various solutions to be added and/or removed from the
various containers and /or the cavity of the chamber, uration of sedimentation,
centrifugation, agitation, mixing, and/or other process steps, rotational force, piston movement,
and/or program selection.
The mentation generally further includes a centrifuge, into which the centrifuge
chamber is placed in order to effect rotation of the chamber. In some embodiments, the
centrifuge chamber is engaged with a rotary drive unit on the centrifuge apparatus, such that the
r is rotatable about an axis of rotation. In some embodiments, a cover closes on top of
the fuge chamber and holds the chamber in place. In some embodiments, the cover
includes two semi-circular disks that can rotate on a hinge. An ary centrifuge and cover
are described in US Patent No. 6,123,655 or US Patent No. 433. The centrifuge locks the
centrifuge chamber into place and s the centrifuge r by ting the chamber’ s
sides or ends.
In some embodiments, a sensor or an array of sensors in the centrifuge can measure
the rotational speed of the centrifuge chamber, the position of the movable member, or the
volume contained within the internal cavity. Sensors outside of the centrifuge can detect the
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color and flow rate of liquid and gas flowing to and from the centrifuge chamber. Sensors can
also detect an empty tubing or centrifuge chamber. Sensors include optical sensors, such as
those described in US Patent No. 655, US Patent No. 433 and US 171951. In
some embodiments, the information from the sensor or sensors can be received by control
circuitry. Based on the information transmitted, the control circuitry, in some embodiments, can
effect changes to one or more of the rotational speed of the centrifuge chamber, the position of
the movable member, the volume ned in the cavity, the orientation of one or more valves,
ports, seals or clamps, and other processes of the centrifuge, chamber or system.
In some embodiments, the cabinet includes a motor or array of motors. The motors
can communicate information with the control circuitry, which can operate or adjust the .
In some embodiments, the motor or array of motors can rotate the fuge
chamber within the centrifuge. The control circuitry can start, stop, or adjust the speed of the
motors rotating the centrifuge chamber within the centrifuge.
In some embodiments, the motors or array of motors can move the movable member
within the centrifuge chamber. Moving the movable member varies the volume of the internal
cavity, causing the intake or expression of liquid or gas to or from the internal .
In some embodiments, the motors or array of motors can operate the , ports,
seals, and clamps described herein. The control circuitry can cause the motors to open, close, or
direct fluid to or from a container or the centrifuge chamber through the series of tubing.
In some embodiments, the motor or motors is an electrical motor, pneumatic motor
or hydraulic motor. In some embodiments, the cabinet includes an electrical motor for operating
some aspects and a pneumatic motor for operating other aspects. In some embodiments, the
cabinet es an electrical motor for centrifugation and a pneumatic motor for controlling
movement of the movable member.
111. Transfer of viral nucleic acids to cells, e.g., by transduction
In some ments, the processing step(s) of the methods include those for
er of viral particles to the cells, such as viral vectors encoding recombinant products to be
sed in the cells. The viral vector particles generally e a genome containing
recombinant nucleic acids such as transgenes encoding such products. In some embodiments,
the viral vector particles encode a recombinant receptor, such as a chimeric antigen receptor
(CAR), whereby transduction of cells can generate recombinant receptor (e.g. CAR)—expressing
cells. Transfer of the nucleic acid from the viral vector to the cells may use any of a number of
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known methods. Transfer is typically by uction. Alternative methods for transferring
viral vectors to cells include transposons and/or electroporation. Such processing steps can be
performed in a centrifugal chamber according to embodiments of the provided methods. In
some embodiments, the centrifugal r is integral to a closed system, such that such
processing steps are performed in a closed system.
The transfer is generally d out by transduction. The methods for viral transfer,
e.g., transduction, lly involve at least initiation of uction by incubating in a
centrifugal chamber an input ition comprising the cells to be uced and viral vector
particles ning the vector, under conditions whereby cells are transduced or uction is
initiated in at least some of the cells in the input composition, wherein the method produces an
output composition sing the uced cells.
In some embodiments, the cells for transduction and/or uced cells contain
immune cells, such as T cells, for use in adoptive immunotherapy. In some embodiments, prior
to the incubation of cells with viral vector particles, the cells for transduction are obtained by
methods that include isolating, such as selecting, a particular subset of cells present in a
biological sample. Methods related to isolation and selection of cells for transduction, and the
resulting cells, are described below. In some embodiments, prior to initiation of the processes
for transduction, T cells are activated, such as by cultivation and stimulation as described below.
In some embodiments, one or more of all or a part of the steps related to isolation, e.g. selection,
and activation also can be carried out in the cavity of a centrifugal chamber according to
provided embodiments as described below.
In some ments, the viral vector particles used in aspects of the transduction
method are any suitable for transduction of the cells, such as an immune cell, for example a T
cell. In some embodiments, the viral vector particles are retroviral vector particles, such as
lentiviral vector particles or gammaretroviral vector particles. In some such embodiments, the
viral vector particle contains a genome comprising a recombinant nucleic acid, i.e. a
recombinant viral vector. Exemplary of such viral vector particles are described below.
The input composition (the composition that contains the viral vector particles and
cells during the transduction step) may further include one or more additional agents, such as
those to promote transduction efficiency, such as polycations including protamine (e.g.
protamine sulfate), methrine bromide RENE®, Abbott Laboratories Corp), and
CH—296 (RETRONECTIN®, Clontech). In some embodiments, the tion can be present in
the input composition at a final concentration of l ug/mL to 100 ug/mL, such as 5 ug/mL to 50
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ug/mL. The composition may also include media, including cell culture medium including
medium designed for culture of the cell type to be processed, such as hematopoietic stem cell
medium, e.g., serum free medium.
In the ed methods, all or a part of the processing steps for transduction of cells
can occur in the centrifugal r, such as under centrifugation or rotation. In some such
embodiments, the input composition containing the cells and the Viral vector particles are
provided to or taken into the internal cavity of the centrifugal chamber. In some embodiments,
the input composition is incubated under conditions comprising rotation of the fugal
chamber. In some embodiments, the rotation can be effected at ve centrifugal forces
greater than can be achieved using flexible c bags or plastic multi-well plates.
Greater transduction efficiency is ed in some embodiments in part due to the
ability of the s to carry out the transduction at a greater relative fugal force (RCF)
compared with other methods for processing cells on large scales. For example, certain
available methods for processing cells on a large scale, e.g., greater than 50 or 100 mL volume,
using flexible bags, may only permit centrifugation at a relative centrifugal force of no more
than 200, 500, or 1000 g. By allowing centrifugation at greater acceleration or relative force,
e.g., at or about or at least at or about 1000, 1500, 2000, 2100, 2200, 2500, 3000 g, 3200 g or
3600 g, the ed methods can e or permit co-sedimentation of Virus and cells in the
composition during transduction, improving the rate of virus-to-cell interactions, thereby
improving transduction.
The methods generally are capable of conducting the transduction on a large scale.
Thus, the input composition incubated during the transduction and/or output composition may
contain at least a certain volume and/or number of cells. In some embodiments, the liquid
volume of the input ition, or the liquid volume during at least a point during the
incubation, is at least or greater than about 10 mL, 20 mL, 30 mL, 40 mL, 50 mL, 100 mL, 150
mL, 200 mL, 250 mL, 300 mL, 350 mL, 400 mL, 450 mL, or 500 mL. In some embodiments,
the input composition, the transduced composition, and/or the total cells transduced by the
methods include at least at or about 1 x 105, 1 x 106, 1 x 107, 1 x 108, 1 x 109, or 1 x 1010 cells.
In some embodiments, for at least a portion of the incubation, the vessel in which the cells are
transduced, e.g., the centrifugal chamber or cavity thereof, contains at least at or about 1 x 105, l
x 106, l x 107, 1 x 108, 1 x 109, or 1 x 1010 cells. Such numbers and volume may also apply to
other processing steps d out in the system, e.g., in the cavity of the chamber, such as cell
separation and/or washing steps.
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In some embodiments, in describing the s processes steps in a cavity of the
centrifugal chamber, including ses for transduction, such as preparation of the input
composition, or other process as described in subsequent sections, reference to any volume is a
target volume. In some embodiments, the exact volumes utilized in various steps (e.g. wash,
on or formulation) can vary from a desired target volume, due to, in some aspects, dead
volumes in a tubing line, priming of lines, sensitivity of a , user control, and other factors
associated with maintaining or monitoring a volume. The methods can permit precise control of
volumes, such as by, in some aspects, inclusion of a sensor as part of the circuitry associated
with the system. In some embodiments, volumes vary by no more than 10% of a desired target
volume, such as no more than 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2% or 1%. In some
embodiments, volumes are within 2 mL or 3 mL of a target volume and/or vary by no more than
2 mL or 3 mL of a target volume.
In some ments, the processing steps are carried out by combining the cells
and the viral vector particles to generate an input composition. In aspects of the method, the
composition of cells and viral vector particles are prepared in a manner so that the resulting
combined input composition has a low ratio of total liquid volume to al surface area of the
cavity of the centrifugal chamber. In some embodiments, the total liquid volume is sufficient to
cover or just exceed a volume of cells t as a monolayer on the al surface of the
cavity after rotation of the centrifugal chamber, while minimizing the liquid thickness covering
the cells. In some embodiments, reducing the liquid thickness can reduce the sedimentation
time required for ting of the viral vector particles with the cells because the viral vector
particles have less of a distance to travel and/or are subjected to less resistance from the viscous
medium.
In some embodiments, advantages such as improved uction efficiency are due
at least in part to the ability to use a relatively lower volume of liquid per volume of cells, cell
, or cell pellet size, during processes of transduction, such as during on, particularly
compared with other methods for large-scale production.
In some embodiments, the liquid volume of the input composition (containing cells
and viral vector particles) present in the vessel, e.g., cavity, during rotation is no more than
about 0.5, 1, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, or 7 milliliters (mL) per square inch of the
internal surface area of the cavity during the rotation or the maximum internal surface area of
the cavity.
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In particular embodiments, the average liquid volume of the input composition
t in the vessel, e.g., cavity, in which uction is initiated, such as the e of the
liquid volume of all processes performed in a cycle of the method, is no more than about 0.5, l,
2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, or 7 milliliters (mL) per square inch of the internal surface
area of the cavity during the incubation or of the maximum internal surface area of the cavity. In
some embodiments, the maximum liquid volume of the input composition (containing cells and
viral vector particles) present in the , e.g., cavity, in which transduction is initiated, such as
the maximum of the liquid volume of all processes performed in a cycle of the method, is no
more than about 0.5, l, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, or 7 milliliters (mL) per square inch of
the internal surface area of the cavity of the centrifugal chamber. In some embodiments, the
liquid volume, such as the liquid volume of the input composition, present in the vessel, e.g.,
cavity, during rotation is no more than 50%, such as no more than 40%, no more than 30%, no
more than 20% or no more than 10% of the volume of the internal surface area of the cavity
during rotation or the maximum internal surface area of the cavity. In some embodiments, the
remainder of the volume can be gas, such as air.
In some embodiments, the total liquid volume of the input composition (containing
cells and viral vector particles) in the centrifugal chamber during incubation, such as during
rotation, is at least 5 mL or at least 10 mL but is no more than 220 mL, such as no more than 200
mL. In some embodiments, the liquid volume of the input composition during incubation, such
as during rotation, is no more than 100 mL, 90 mL, 80 mL, 70 mL, 60 mL, 50 mL, 40 mL, 30
mL or 20 mL. In aspects of the provided method, the input composition is prepared at such a
total volume to e a desired concentration, amount and/or ratio of cells and viral vector
particles, such as described below.
In some embodiments, the methods permit the user to control the ratio of cells to
surface of the cavity, e.g., by varying the volume of the cavity and/or number of cells added. In
some embodiments, this allows ion of the layer of cells (e.g., cell pellet) on the e of
the cavity compared to other methods, particularly those available for scale transduction
under fugal force, such as those carried out in centrifuge bags. In some embodiments, the
ability to control the thickness of the layer of cells in the cavity of the centrifugal chamber
during the uction can lead to increased transduction efficiency under otherwise
able conditions and/or a lack of increased copy number with increased virus transduction
efficiency.
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In some embodiments, the cells in the provided methods are present in the cavity in
at or about a single monolayer, or no more than at or about 1.5 or 2—fold more than a single
yer, or not substantially thicker than a monolayer, during the incubation for transduction
under centrifugal force. This reduction during centrifugation can facilitate and improve
interactions between the virus and cells and avoid increases in viral copy number (VCN) which
can occur particularly in the context of high relative virus or infectious units (IU), for example,
when outer or upper layers of cells are preferentially transduced.
In some embodiments, the input ition contains at least 1 million cells per cm2
of the internal e area of the cavity during at least a portion of said incubation, such as
during rotation of the input composition in the centrifugal chamber. In some embodiments, the
input ition ns at least 2 million cells per cmZ, 3 million cells per cmz, 4 million
cells per cmz, 5 million cells per cmz, 6 million cells per cmz, 7 million cells per cmz, 8 million
cells per cmz, 9 million cells per cmz, 10 million cells per cm2 or 2 0 million cells per cm2 of the
internal surface area of the cavity during at least a portion of said incubation, such as during
rotation of the input composition in the centrifugal chamber. In some embodiments, the internal
surface area of the cavity during at least a portion of said incubation, such as during rotation, is
at least at or about 1 x 109 um2 or is at least at or about 1 x 1010 umz.
In some embodiments, the total number of cells in the input composition during at
least a portion of said incubation, such as during rotation of the input composition in the
centrifugal chamber, is at least 10 x 106 cells, 20 x 106 cells, 30 x 106 cells, 40 x 106 cells, 50 x
106 cells, 60 x 106 cells, 70 x 106 cells, 80 x 106 cells, 100 x 106 cells, 200 x 106 cells, 300 x106
cells or 400 x 106 cells.
In some embodiments, processing steps in the closed cavity of a centrifugal system
also can be used to process the cells, such as activated cells, prior to uction. In some
embodiments, the processing can include dilution or concentration of the cells to a desired
concentration or number. In some embodiments, the processing steps can include a volume—
reduction to y increase the concentration of cells as desired. In some embodiments, the
processing includes exchange of a medium into a medium acceptable or desired for transduction.
In some embodiments, the input ition comprises a certain ratio of copies of
the viral vector particles or infectious units (IU) thereof, per total number of cells ll) in the
input composition or total number of cells to be uced. For example, in some
embodiments, the input composition includes at or about or at least at or about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10,
, 20, 30, 40, 50, or 60 IU of the viral vector particles per one of the cells.
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In certain embodiments, the ability to use a higher IU in the present methods
es advantages compared to other methods. Under otherwise identical conditions, use of a
higher IU/cell ratio generally leads to a higher transduction efficiency, or does so up to a certain
upper level of IU/cell at which the corresponding increase in efficiency may u.
Nonetheless, with certain available methods, increasing the IU/cell and thus the transduction
efficiency also leads to an increase in vector copy number (VCN), which can present safety risks
and may not meet regulatory standards.
In some embodiments, with the provided methods, average VCN among transduced
cells in the output composition, such as cells containing the viral vector or cells expressing a
molecule encoded by the viral , does not increase with an increase in IU/cell in the input
composition. In some embodiments, in the provided methods, the e VCN among
transduced cells ses with an increased IU/cell ratio in the input composition.
In some embodiments, the titer of viral vector particles is between or between about
1 x 106 IU/mL and 1 x 108 IU/mL, such as between or between about 5 x 10 IU/mL and 5 x 107
IU/mL, such as at least 6 x 106 IU/mL, 7 x 106 IU/mL, 8 x 1061U/mL, 9 x 106 IU/mL, 1 x 107
IU/mL, 2 x 107 IU/mL, 3 x 107 IU/mL, 4 x 107 IU/mL, or 5 x107 IU/mL.
In some ments, the input composition contains a concentration of viral vector
particles during at least a portion of said incubation, such as during rotation of the input
composition in the centrifugal chamber, that has a certain ratio of copies of the viral vector
particles or infectious units (IU) thereof, per total number of cells (IU/cell) in the input
composition or total number of cells to be transduced per total liquid volume of the input
composition present during at least a portion of said incubation, such as during rotation, i.e.
IU/cell/mL. In some embodiments, the input ition includes at least 0.01 IU, 0.05 IU, 01
IU, 0.5 IU or 0.1 IU of the viral vector particles per one of the cells per mL of the liquid volume
of the input composition during at least a portion of said incubation, such as during rotation.
In some embodiments, the step of creating the input ition (cells and viral
vector les) can be performed in the fugal chamber. In some embodiments, the step of
creating the input composition is performed outside the centrifugal r. Thus, the term
“input composition” is not meant to imply that the entire composition is taken into the respective
vessel, e.g., tube, bag, or cavity, at once, or to exclude the pulling in of parts of the composition
from different vessels or lines. Input compositions may include those formed by pulling in two
ent compositions into the chamber’ s cavity and mixing the two, thereby creating the input
composition.
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The input composition may be taken into or otherwise transferred to the vessel in
which the incubation, such as rotation, takes place from the same container or from more than
one te containers. For example, the input ition may be taken into the chamber by
pulling in a ition containing the cells and another composition containing the viral vector
particles, which may be done sequentially or simultaneously. Alternatively, the input
composition containing the viral vector particles and cells is taken into the cavity or other vessel
in which the transduction is to be carried out.
In some embodiments, where the transduction is carried out in the internal cavity of
the centrifugal chamber, this is achieved by allowing only a certain portion of the cavity to
include the liquid input composition. This may be achieved, for example, by pulling in air or
gas into a n of the cavity, and/or by including one or more solid object in a space within
the cavity, such as an internal space. In some embodiments, this can minimize or reduce the
total liquid volume of said input composition present in said cavity during incubation, such as
during rotation, of said centrifugal chamber per square inch of the internal surface area of the
cavity compared to the absence of gas in the cavity and/or absence of one or more solid s
in the space of the cavity. In this way, compared with other methods, in which diffusion of virus
through a large volume of liquid compared to volume of cells may limit efficacy of uction,
the provided methods can be advantageous. Thus, s in some embodiments, the input
composition occupies all or substantially all of the volume of the internal cavity during at least a
portion of the incubation, in some embodiments, during at least a portion of the incubation, the
input composition es only a portion of the volume of the internal cavity during said
incubation.
In some such embodiments, the volume of the cavity during this at least a portion of
the incubation may further include a gas taken into said cavity by the one or more opening, e.g.,
inlet, in the cavity, such as prior to or during said incubation. In some embodiments of the
method, the air is sterilized or is sterile air. In some embodiments, the air is free of or
ntially free of microbial contaminants or other potentially pathogenic agents.
In some embodiments, providing or taking in gas, such as air, can be effected in any
manner that permits passage of air into the internal cavity of the centrifugal chamber, such as, in
some s, without compromising the sterility of the closed system. In some embodiments,
gas, such as air, can be added to a container under sterile conditions, and the container can be
sterilely connected at a position on the system for transfer into the chamber. In some
ments, the addition of gas, such as air, to the ner, such as a bag, is effected under
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laminar flow conditions, such as in a biological safety cabinet or hood. In some such
embodiments, the gas, such as air, is added to the ner together with a liquid volume, such
as a liquid volume containing a composition of cells and/or a liquid volume containing a
composition of viral vector particles. Hence, in some embodiments, providing or taking in gas,
such as air, into the internal cavity of the chamber occurs together or simultaneously with the
providing or intake of one or both of the cells or viral vector particles that make up the input
composition.
In some embodiments, the providing or taking in gas, such as air, into the chamber, is
achieved using a syringe that can be attached to any luer lock associated with the system, and,
that is operably connected to the internal cavity of the centrifugal chamber. In some
embodiments, air is transferred into the syringe under sterile conditions, such as under laminar
flow. In some embodiments, the syringe is a sterile syringe, such as, in some aspects, a syringe
containing a movable plunger that is not exposed to the surrounding non—sterile environment. In
some embodiments, the syringe contains a filter at its end to effect sterile transfer of gas, such as
air, into the internal cavity of the chamber.
In some embodiments, providing or taking in gas, such as air, into the al cavity
of the r is achieved by the use of a filter operably ted to the internal cavity of the
chamber via a sterile tubing line. In some such ments, the filter is a sterile or microbial
filter as described with reference to an exemplary system, such as in some aspects, a filter as
exemplified in In some ments, a device is connected to the filter, such as via a
luer lock tion, to transfer the air. In some such embodiments, the device is a syringe,
pump, or other infusion device. In some embodiments, the gas is air, and the intake of air
through the filter is directly from the surrounding nment. In some embodiments, the filter
ns a cap, such as a non-vented cap, that is removable or detachable to control transfer of
air into filter as desired.
Hence, in some embodiments, the methods include providing or taking in a liquid
input composition and a volume of gas, such as air, into the internal cavity of the chamber. The
volume of gas, such as air, that is provided or taken in is a function of the volume of
composition containing cells and composition containing viral vector particles that make up the
input ition. In some embodiments, the volume of gas is the difference between the total
volume of the internal cavity and the liquid volume of the input composition. In some
embodiments, the total volume of gas and liquid is no more than 200 mL, such that the volume
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of gas provided or taken in to the internal cavity is the difference between 200 mL and the liquid
volume of the input composition (cells and viral vector les).
In an exemplary aspect of the provided methods, the method of transduction includes
providing to an al cavity of a closed centrifugal chamber system, in which the internal
cavity has a surface area of at least at or about 1 X 109 um2 or at least at or about 1 X 1010 umz, a
composition containing at least or about 50 X 106 cells in a volume that is no more than 100 mL.
In some embodiments, the cell composition ns at least or about 100 X 106 cells or at least
or about 200 X 106 cells in a volume that is no more no more than 50 mL, 40 mL, 30 mL, 20 mL,
mL or 5 mL. In some ments, prior to providing the cells to the internal cavity, the
composition of cells are diluted or concentrated to a volume of no more than 100 mL, such as no
more no more than 50 mL, 40 mL, 30 mL, 20 mL, 10 mL or 5 mL. In addition to the cell
composition, the method also includes providing, in some aspects, a ition containing
viral vector particles in an amount that is at least 1 IU/cell in a volume so that the total liquid
volume, including from the composition containing cells, is less than the maximum volume of
the internal cavity of the centrifugal chamber, such as no more than 200 mL, y generating
the input composition. In some ments, the composition containing viral vector particles
is provided in an amount that is at least 1.6 IU/cell, 1.8 IU/cell, 2.0 IU/cell, 2.4 IU/cell, 2.8
IU/cell, 3.2 IU/cell or 3.6 IU/cell. In some embodiments, the total liquid volume of the input
composition is less than 100 mL, less than 90 mL, less than 80 mL, less than 60 mL, less than 40
mL, less than 20 mL. Optionally, the method also can e ing gas, such as air up to
the total volume of the internal cavity, for example, so that the total volume occupied in the
internal cavity of the centrifugal chamber is up to or about 200 mL.
In some embodiments, the composition ning cells and composition containing
viral vector particles, and optionally air, can be combined or mixed prior to ing the
compositions to the cavity. In some embodiments, the composition containing cells and
composition containing viral vector particles, and optionally air, are provided separately and
combined and mixed in the cavity. In some embodiments, a composition containing cells, a
composition containing viral vector particles, and optionally air, can be provided to the internal
cavity in any order. In any of such some embodiments, a composition ning cells and viral
vector particles is the input composition once combined or mixed together, whether such is
combined or mixed inside or outside the centrifugal chamber and/or whether cells and viral
vector particles are provided to the centrifugal chamber together or separately, such as
simultaneously or sequentially.
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In some embodiments, intake of the volume of gas, such as air, occurs prior to the
incubation, such as rotation, in the transduction method. In some embodiments, intake of the
volume of gas, such as air, occurs during the incubation, such as rotation, in the transduction
method.
In some ments, the liquid volume of the cells or viral vector particles that
make up the input composition, and optionally the volume of air, can be a predetermined
volume. The volume can be a volume that is programmed into and/or lled by circuitry
associated with the system.
In some embodiments, intake of the input composition, and optionally gas, such as
air, is controlled manually, utomatically and/or automatically until a desired or
predetermined volume has been taken into the al cavity of the chamber. In some
ments, a sensor associated with the system can detect liquid and/or gas flowing to and
from the fuge chamber, such as via its color, flow rate and/or density, and can
communicate with associated circuitry to stop or continue the intake as necessary until intake of
such desired or predetermined volume has been achieved. In some aspects, a sensor that is
programmed or able only to detect liquid in the system, but not gas (e.g. air), can be made able
to permit passage of gas, such as air, into the system without ng intake. In some such
embodiments, a non-clear piece of tubing can be placed in the line near the sensor while intake
of gas, such as air, is desired. In some embodiments, intake of gas, such as air, can be controlled
manually.
In aspects of the provided methods, the internal cavity of the centrifuge chamber is
subjected to high speed on. In some embodiments, rotation is effected prior to,
aneously, subsequently or intermittently with intake of the liquid input composition, and
ally air. In some embodiments, rotation is effected subsequent to intake of the liquid input
composition, and optionally air. In some embodiments, rotation is by centrifugation of the
centrifugal chamber at a relative centrifugal force at the inner surface of side wall of the internal
cavity and/or at a surface layer of the cells of at or about or at least at or about 800 g, 1000 g,
1100 g, 1500, 1600 g, 1800 g, 2000 g, 2200 g, 2500 g, 3000 g, 3500 g or 4000 g. In some
embodiments, rotation is by centrifugation at a force that is greater than or about 1100 g, such as
by greater than or about 1200 g, greater than or about 1400 g, greater than or about 1600 g,
greater than or about 1800 g, greater than or about 2000 g, greater than or about 2400 g, greater
than or about 2800 g, greater than or about 3000 g or greater than or about 3200 g.
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In some embodiments, the method of transduction includes rotation or centrifugation
of the input composition, and optionally air, in the centrifugal chamber for greater than or about
minutes, such as greater than or about 10 minutes, greater than or about 15 minutes, greater
than or about 20 minutes, greater than or about 30 minutes, greater than or about 45 minutes,
greater than or about 60 minutes, greater than or about 90 minutes or greater than or about 120
minutes. In some embodiments, the input composition, and optionally air, is rotated or
centrifuged in the centrifugal chamber for greater than 5 minutes, but for no more than 60
minutes, no more than 45 minutes, no more than 30 minutes or no more than 15 minutes.
In some embodiments, the method of transduction es rotation or centrifugation
of the input composition, and optionally air, in the fugal chamber for n or between
about 10 minutes and 60 minutes, 15 minutes and 60 minutes, 15 minutes and 45 minutes, 30
minutes and 60 minutes or 45 minutes and 60 minutes, each inclusive, and at a force at the
al surface of the side wall of the internal cavity and/or at a surface layer of the cells of at
least or greater than or about 1000 g, 1100 g, 1200 g, 1400 g, 1500 g, 1600 g, 1800 g, 2000 g,
2200 g, 2400 g, 2800 g, 3200 g or 3600 g.
In some embodiments, the method includes ing expression from the internal
cavity of the centrifugal chamber an output composition, which is the resulting composition of
cells incubated with viral vector les under conditions that include rotation or centrifugation
in the centrifugal r in any of the above embodiments as described. In aspects of the
method, the output composition includes cells transduced with, or in which transduction has
been initiated with, a viral . In some embodiments, the expression of the output
composition is to an output bag that is operably linked as part of a closed system with the
centrifugal chamber. In some ments, expression of the output composition is subsequent
to the rotation or centrifugation. In some embodiments, expression of the output composition is
simultaneous with or partly simultaneous with the rotation or fugation, such as in a semi—
continuous or continuous process.
In some embodiments, the gas, such as air, in the cavity of the chamber is expelled
from the chamber. In some embodiments, the gas, such as air, is expelled to a container that is
ly linked as part of the closed system with the centrifugal chamber. In some
embodiments, the container is a free or empty container. In some ments, the air, such as
gas, in the cavity of the chamber is expelled through a filter that is operably connected to the
internal cavity of the chamber Via a sterile tubing line. In some embodiments, the air is expelled
using manual, semi-automatic or automatic processes. In some embodiments, air is expelled
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from the chamber prior to, simultaneously, intermittently or subsequently with sing the
output composition containing incubated cells and viral vector particles, such as cells in which
transduction has been initiated or cells have been transduced with a viral vector, from the cavity
of the chamber.
In some embodiments, the transduction and/or other incubation is performed as or as
part of a uous or semi-continuous process. In some embodiments, a continuous process
involves the continuous intake of the cells and viral vector particles, e.g., the input composition
(either as a single isting composition or by continuously pulling into the same vessel, e.g.,
cavity, and thereby mixing, its parts), and/or the continuous expression or expulsion of liquid,
and optionally expelling of gas (e.g. air), from the vessel, during at least a portion of the
incubation, e.g., while centrifuging. In some embodiments, the continuous intake and
continuous expression are d out at least in part simultaneously. In some embodiments, the
continuous intake occurs during part of the incubation, e.g., during part of the centrifugation,
and the continuous expression occurs during a separate part of the incubation. The two may
alternate. Thus, the continuous intake and expression, while carrying out the tion, can
allow for a greater l volume of sample to be processed, e.g., uced.
In some embodiments, the incubation is part of a continuous process, the method
including, during at least a portion of the tion, effecting uous intake of said input
composition into the cavity during rotation of the chamber and during a portion of the
incubation, ing uous sion of liquid and, optionally expelling of gas (6.g. air),
from the cavity through the at least one opening during rotation of the chamber.
In some embodiments, the semi-continuous incubation is d out by
alternating between ing intake of the composition into the cavity, incubation, expression of
liquid from the cavity and, optionally expelling of gas (e.g. air) from the cavity, such as to an
output container, and then intake of a subsequent (e.g., second, third, etc.) composition
containing more cells and other reagents for processing, e.g., viral vector particles, and repeating
the process. For example, in some embodiments, the incubation is part of a semi-continuous
process, the method including, prior to the incubation, effecting intake of the input composition
into the cavity through said at least one opening, and subsequent to the incubation, effecting
expression of fluid from the cavity; effecting intake of another input composition comprising
cells and the viral vector particles into said internal cavity; and incubating the another input
composition in said internal cavity under conditions whereby said cells in said another input
composition are transduced with said vector. The process may be continued in an iterative
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fashion for a number of additional rounds. In this respect, the serni—continuous or continuous
methods may permit production of even greater volume and/or number of cells.
In some embodiments, a portion of the transduction incubation is performed in the
centrifugal chamber, which is performed under conditions that include rotation or fugation.
In some embodiments, the method includes an incubation in which a further portion
of the incubation of the cells and viral vector particles is carried out without rotation or
fugation, which generally is carried out subsequent to the at least n of the incubation
that includes rotation or centrifugation of the chamber. In some such embodiments, the further
incubation is effected under conditions to result in integration of the viral vector into a host
genome of one or more of the cells. It is within the level of a skilled artisan to assess or
ine if the incubation has resulted in ation of viral vector les into a host
genome, and hence to empirically determine the conditions for a further incubation. In some
embodiments, integration of a viral vector into a host genome can be assessed by ing the
level of expression of a recombinant protein, such as a heterologous protein, encoded by a
nucleic acid contained in the genome of the viral vector particle following incubation. A
number of well—known methods for assessing expression level of inant molecules may be
used, such as detection by affinity—based methods, e.g., immunoaffrnity—based methods, e.g., in
the context of cell e proteins, such as by flow cytometry. In some examples, the
expression is measured by detection of a transduction marker and/or reporter construct. In some
embodiments, nucleic acid encoding a truncated surface protein is included within the vector
and used as a marker of expression and/or enhancement thereof.
In some embodiments, the further incubation is carried out in the centrifuge chamber,
but without rotation. In some embodiments, the further incubation is carried out outside of the
centrifuge chamber. In some embodiments, the further incubation is effected at atures
r than room temperature, such as greater than or greater than about 25 °C, such as
generally greater than or greater than about 32 °C, 35 °C or 37 °C. In some embodiments, the
further incubation is effected at a temperature of at or about 37 °C i 2 °C, such as at a
temperature of at or about 37 °C. In some embodiments, the r incubation is for a time
between or about between 1 hour and 48 hours, 4 hours and 36 hours, 8 hours and 30 hours or
12 hours and 24 hours, inclusive.
In some embodiments, the further incubation occurs in a closed system. In some
embodiments, after sion of the output composition from the r, such as into a
container (6.g. bag), the ner containing the output composition is ted for a further
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portion of time. In some embodiments, the ner, such as bag, is ted at a ature
of at or about 37 °C 1 2 °C for a time between or about between 1 hour and 48 hours, 4 hours
and 36 hours, 8 hours and 30 hours or 12 hours and 24 hours, inclusive.
In some embodiments, the methods effect transduction of a certain number or
percentage of the cells in the input and/or output (transduced) composition, or subset thereof.
For example, in some embodiments, at least 2.5 %, at least 5 %, at least 6 %, at least 8 %, at
least 10 %, at least 20 %, at least 25 %, at least 30 %, at least 40 %, at least 50 %, or at least 75
% of the total cells (or of a particular target cell type, such as T cells) in the input composition
and/or in the output (e.g., transduced) composition, are transduced with said viral vector and/or
express the recombinant gene product encoded thereby. In some embodiments, the methods of
transduction result in an output composition in which at least 2.5 %, at least 5 %, at least 6 %, at
least 8 %, at least 10 %, at least 20 %, at least 25 %, at least 30 %, at least 40 %, at least 50 %,
or at least 75 % of the total cells, such as T cells, in the composition are transduced with the
viral vector and/or express the recombinant gene product encoded y.
In some embodiments, the methods are capable of achieving such at least a particular
transduction efficiency under certain conditions. For example, in some embodiments, where the
input composition includes the virus and cells at a ratio of from or from about 1 infectious unit
(IU) per one of the cells to 10 IU per one of the cells, such as at or about tious units (IU)
per one of the cells, or at or about 2 IU per one of the cells, at or about 5 IU per one of the cells,
or at or about 10 IU per one of the cells, the method is capable of producing a uced
composition in which at least 10 %, at least 25 %, at least 30 %, at least 40 %, at least 50 %, or
at least 75 % of the cells in said transduced composition generated by the method comprise, e.g.,
have been transduced with, the recombinant viral vector. Transduction of the cells may be
detected by detecting the presence of recombinant nucleic acid, e.g., transgene, included in the
vector or product thereof in the cell. In some embodiments, the product is detected on the
surface of the cell, indicating the cell has been successfully transduced. In some ments,
detection of transduction involves detection of a uction marker, such as another transgene
or product ed for the purposes of marking transduced cells, and/or other selection marker.
In some embodiments, the output composition resulting from the uction
methods includes a particular average or mean number of copies of the transduced vector per
cell (vector copy number (VCN)). VCN may be expressed in terms of the number of copies in a
single cell. Alternatively, it may be expressed as an average number over a total cell tion
or composition, such as the output or transduced ition (including any non-transduced
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cells within the composition, which would not include any copies of the vector). Alternatively,
VCN may be sed in terms of average copy number only among the transduced cells. In
some embodiments, among all the cells in the transduced or output composition produced by the
methods, the average VCN is no more than at or about 10, 5, 4, 2.5, 1.5, or 1. In some
embodiments, among the cells in the transduced or output composition that contain the
recombinant viral vector or express the recombinant gene product, the average VCN is no more
than at or about 4, 3, 2, 2.5, 1.5, or I.
Also provided are compositions produced by any of the above methods. In some
embodiments, the itions contain at least 1 x 107 cells or 5 x 107 cells, such as at least 1 x
108 cells, 2 x 108 cells, 4 x 108 cells, 6 x 108, 8 x 108 cells or 1 x 109 cells, in which at least a
plurality of cells are transduced with the recombinant viral vector. In some embodiments, the
cells are T cells.
In some embodiments, by practice of the methods provided herein, it is possible to
produce an output composition containing a plurality of transduced cells in high number, such
as, in some aspects, a number that can achieve a therapeutically effective dosage of T cells for
use in ve immunotherapy. In some embodiments, this can be achieved not only because
of the ability to transduce cells on a large scale, but also, in some aspects, by repeating the
process in a continuous or semi-continuous .
In contrast, ng methods in the art in which transduction is performed on a
r scale, such as in plates, requires large scale expansion of the cells after transduction in
order to achieve numbers of cells necessary to obtain a therapeutically effective dosage.
Expansion of cells, such as T cells, with one or more stimulating agents can activate the cells
and/or alter the phenotype of the cells, such as by resulting in the generation of effector cells
with an exhausted T cell phenotype. For example, tion or stimulation of T cells can result
in a change in differentiation or tion state of T cells that may result and/or lead to reduced
persistence in viva when genetically engineered cells are administered to a subject. Among
changes in differentiation state that may occur include, in some cases, loss of a naive phenotype,
loss of memory T cell phenotypes, and/or the generation of effector cells with an exhausted T
cell phenotype. Exhaustion of T cells may lead to a progressive loss of T cell functions and/or
in depletion of the cells (Yi er al. (2010) Immunology, 129:474-481). T cell exhaustion and/or
the lack of T cell tence is a barrier to the efficacy and therapeutic outcomes of adoptive
cell y; clinical trials have revealed a correlation n greater and/or longer degree of
exposure to the antigen or (6. g. CAR)-expressing cells and treatment outcomes.
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In some embodiments, in the methods provided herein it is not necessary to stimulate
and/or activate cells subsequent to transduction to the same extent as is necessary in other
known methods in the art. In some embodiments, subsequent to transduction, the cells in the
composition are not subject to expansion in the presence of a stimulating agent (e.g. a cytokine,
such as IL—2) and/or are not incubated at a temperature greater than or about 30 °C or greater
than or about 37 °C for more than 24 hours. In some embodiments, at least 30 %, 40%, 50%,
60%, 70%, 80%, or 90 % of the T cells in the composition and/or transduced T cells in the
output composition comprise high surface sion of CD69 or TGF—beta-II. In some
embodiments, at least 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90 % of the T cells or transduced T
cells in the composition comprise no surface expression of CD62L and/or comprise high
expression of CD25, ICAM, GM—CSF, IL—8 and/0r IL—2.
In some embodiments, engineered cells, such as cells transduced with the viral
vectors encoding inant products to be expressed in the cells, of the output composition
produced by the above method, or by a method that includes a r processing step, such as to
generate a formulated ition, exhibit increased persistence when administered in vivo to a
subject. In some embodiments, the persistence of a provided cells, such as or, e.g., CAR, —
expressing cells, in the subject upon administration is r as compared to that which would
be achieved by alternative s of transduction, such as those involving administration of
cells genetically ered by methods involving smaller scale transduction in which T cells
are activated and/or stimulated to expand prior to and/or subsequent to transduction to achieve a
number of cells that is a therapeutically effective dose.. For example, in some s, the
persistence of provided cells, such as cells produced by the provided methods, is greater as
compared to that which would be achieved by administration of a population of genetically
engineered recombinant receptor (e.g. CAR)-expressing in which at least 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%,
70%, 80%, or 90 % have a lower level of expression of CD69 or TGF—beta II. In some
embodiments, the persistence of ed cells, such as cells produced by the ed methods,
is greater compared to that which would be ed by administration of a population of
genetically engineered recombinant receptor (e.g. CAR)—expressing in which at least 30%, 40%,
50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90 % t surface expression of CD62L and/or comprise low
surface expression of CD25, ICAM, GM-CSF, IL-8 and/or IL—2.
In some embodiments, the persistence is increased at least or about at least 15-fold,
2—fold, 3—fold, 4—fold, 5-fold, , 7—fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, d, 20-fold, 30-fold, 50—fold, 60-
fold, 70-fold, 80-fold, 90-fold, lOO-fold or more.
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In some embodiments, the degree or extent of tence of administered cells can
be detected or quantified after administration to a subject. For example, in some aspects,
quantitative PCR (qPCR) is used to assess the quantity of cells expressing the recombinant
receptor (e.g., CAR—expressing cells) in the blood or serum or organ or tissue (e.g., disease site)
of the subject. In some aspects, persistence is fied as copies of DNA or plasmid encoding
the receptor, e.g., CAR, per ram of DNA, or as the number of receptor-expressing, e.g.,
CAR-expressing, cells per microliter of the sample, e.g., of blood or serum, or per total number
of eral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or white blood cells or T cells per microliter of
the sample. In some embodiments, flow cytometric assays detecting cells expressing the
receptor generally using antibodies specific for the receptors also can be performed. Cell-based
assays may also be used to detect the number or percentage of functional cells, such as cells
capable of g to and/or neutralizing and/0r inducing responses, e.g., cytotoxic responses,
against cells of the disease or condition or expressing the antigen recognized by the receptor. In
any of such embodiments, the extent or level of expression of another marker associated with
the recombinant or (e.g. CAR-expressing cells) can be used to distinguish the
administered cells from endogenous cells in a subject.
In some embodiments, by minimizing T cell activation and/or stimulation, the
provided embodiments can result in genetically engineered T cells that are more potent for use
in adoptive immunotherapy methods, due, in some aspects, to increased persistence. In some
embodiments, the sed potency and/or increased persistence of the provided cells, such as
cells ed by any of the provided methods, permits methods of administering cells at lower
dosages. Such methods can minimize toxicity that can occur from adoptive therapy
methods.
Other cell processing events
In some embodiments, in addition to and/or alternatively to the transduction steps,
the processing methods of the ed methods include other processing steps and methods,
such as for the isolation, separation, selection, cultivation (e.g., stimulation of the cells, for
example, to induce their proliferation and/or activation), washing, suspension, dilution,
concentration, and/0r formulation of the cells. In some embodiments, at least a portion of one or
more other processing steps and/or at least a portion of a plurality of the steps are carried out in
whole or in part within the cavity of a centrifugal chamber, such as the same or different
centrifugal chamber as used in the s of transduction. In some embodiments, all or a
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portion of such one or more other processing steps are carried out in the closed system
containing a centrifugal chamber, such as in a sterile closed system.
In some embodiments, the methods include one or more of (a) washing a biological
sample containing cells (e.g., a whole blood sample, a buffy coat sample, a peripheral blood
mononuclear cells (PBMC) sample, an unfractionated T cell sample, a lymphocyte sample, a
white blood cell sample, an apheresis t, or a leukapheresis product) in a cavity of a
chamber, (b) isolating, e.g. selecting, from the sample a desired subset or population of cells
(e.g., CD4+ or CD8+ T cells) in a cavity of a chamber, for example, by tion of cells with
a selection or immunoaffinity reagent for immunoaffinity-based tion; c) incubating the
ed, such as selected cells, with viral vector particles, such as in accord with methods
described above and d) formulating the transduced cells, such as in a pharmaceutically
acceptable buffer, cryopreservative or other suitable medium. In some ments, the
methods can further include (e) stimulating cells in a cavity of a chamber by exposing cells to
stimulating ions, thereby inducing cells to proliferate. In some embodiments, the step of
stimulating the cells is performed prior to, during and/or subsequent to the incubation of cells
with viral vector particles. In some embodiments, one or more further step of washing or
suspending step, such as for on, concentration and/or buffer ge of cells, can also be
carried out prior to or subsequent to any of the above steps.
Thus, in some embodiments, the methods carry out one, more, or all steps in the
preparation of cells for clinical use, e.g., in adoptive cell therapy, without exposing the cells to
non-sterile ions and without the need to use a sterile room or cabinet. In some
embodiments of such a process, the cells are isolated, separated or selected, stimulated,
transduced, washed, and formulated, all within a closed system. In some embodiments, the
methods are carried out in an ted fashion. In some ments, one or more of the
steps is carried out apart from the centrifugal chamber system.
Samples
In some embodiments, the processing steps include isolation of cells or compositions
thereof from biological samples, such as those obtained from or derived from a subject, such as
one having a particular disease or condition or in need of a cell therapy or to which cell therapy
will be administered. In some aspects, the subject is a human, such as a subject who is a patient
in need of a particular therapeutic intervention, such as the adoptive cell therapy for which cells
are being isolated, processed, and/or engineered. Accordingly, the cells in some embodiments
are primary cells, e.g., primary human cells. The samples e tissue, fluid, and other
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samples taken directly from the subject, as well as samples resulting from one or more
processing steps, such as tion, centrifugation, genetic ering (e.g. transduction with
Viral vector), washing, and/or incubation. The biological sample can be a sample obtained
directly from a biological source or a sample that is processed. Biological samples include, but
are not limited to, body fluids, such as blood, plasma, serum, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid,
urine and sweat, tissue and organ samples, including sed samples derived therefrom.
In some aspects, the sample is blood or a blood-derived sample, or is or is derived
from an apheresis or leukapheresis product. Exemplary samples include whole blood, eral
blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), leukocytes, bone marrow, thymus, tissue biopsy, tumor,
leukemia, lymphoma, lymph node, gut ated lymphoid tissue, mucosa associated lymphoid
tissue, spleen, other lymphoid tissues, liver, lung, stomach, intestine, colon, , pancreas,
breast, bone, prostate, cervix, testes, ovaries, tonsil, or other organ, and/or cells derived
therefrom. Samples include, in the context of cell therapy, e.g., adoptive cell therapy, samples
from autologous and neic sources.
In some embodiments, isolation of the cells or populations includes one or more
preparation and/or non—affinity based cell separation steps. In some examples, cells are washed,
centrifuged, and/or incubated in the presence of one or more reagents, for example, to remove
unwanted ents, enrich for desired components, lyse or remove cells sensitive to
particular reagents. In some examples, cells are separated based on one or more property, such
as density, adherent ties, size, sensitivity and/or resistance to particular components. In
some examples, cells from the circulating blood of a subject are obtained, e.g., by apheresis or
leukapheresis. The samples may contain lymphocytes, including T cells, monocytes,
granulocytes, B cells, other nucleated white blood cells, red blood cells, and/or platelets.
In some embodiments, the provided s include processing, in whole or in part,
one or more of the samples in a closed system, such as in a fugal chamber. In some
embodiments, the processing step can involve washing of the sample, e.g., blood cell—containing
sample, from the subject, e.g.,, to remove the plasma fraction and/or ing the cells in an
appropriate buffer or media for subsequent processing steps and/or performing a density—based
cell separation s, such as in the preparation of white blood cells from peripheral blood by
lysing the red blood cells and centrifugation h a Percoll or Ficoll nt. Exemplary of
such processing steps can be performed using a centrifugal chamber in conjunction with one or
more systems associated with a cell processing system, such as a centrifugal chamber produced
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and sold by Biosafe SA, including those for use with the Sepax® or Sepax 2® cell sing
systems.
Aflinity-based selection
The processing steps (e.g., carried out in the centrifugal chamber) may e
ion of cells from mixed populations and/or compositions, such as using one of various
selection steps including density-based or other physical property-based separation methods and
affinity-based ion. In some embodiments, the methods include selection in which all or a
portion of the ion is carried out in the internal cavity of the centrifugal chamber, for
example, under centrifugal rotation. In some embodiments, incubation of cells with selection
reagents, such as immunoaffinity-based selection reagents, is performed in a centrifugal
chamber. Such methods can offer certain advantages compared to other available selection
For example, immunoaffinity—based selection can depend upon a favorable energetic
interaction between the cells being separated and the molecule specifically g to the marker
on the cell, e.g., the antibody or other binding partner on the solid surface, e.g., le. In
certain available methods for affinity—based separation using particles such as beads, particles
and cells are incubated in a container, such as a tube or bag, while shaking or mixing, with a
constant cell density-to-particle (e.g., bead) ratio to aid in promoting energetically favored
interactions. Such approaches may not be ideal for use with large-scale production, for example,
in that they may require use of large volumes in order to maintain an optimal or desired cell-to-
particle ratio while maintaining the desired number of cells. Accordingly, such ches can
require processing in batch mode or format, which can require increased time, number of steps,
and ng, increasing cost and risk of user error.
In some embodiments, by conducting such selection steps or portions thereof (e.g.,
incubation with antibody—coated particles, e.g., magnetic beads) in the cavity of the centrifugal
chamber, the user is able to control certain parameters, such as volume of various solutions,
addition of solution during processing and timing thereof, which can provide ages
compared to other available methods. For example, the ability to decrease the liquid volume in
the cavity during the tion can increase the concentration of the particles (e.g. bead
reagent) used in the selection, and thus the al potential of the solution, t affecting
the total number of cells in the cavity. This in turn can enhance the pairwise interactions
between the cells being processed and the particles used for selection. In some embodiments,
ng out the incubation step in the chamber, e.g., when associated with the systems,
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circuitry, and l as described herein, permits the user to effect agitation of the solution at
desired time(s) during the tion, which also can improve the interaction.
In some embodiments, at least a portion of the ion step is performed in a
centrifugal chamber, which includes incubation of cells with a ion reagent. In some aspects
of such processes, a volume of cells is mixed with an amount of a desired affinity—based
selection reagent that is far less than is normally employed when performing similar selections
in a tube or container for selection of the same number of cells and/or volume of cells according
to manufacturer’s instructions. In some embodiments, an amount of selection reagent or
reagents that is/are no more than 5%, no more than 10%, no more than 15%, no more than 20%,
no more than 25%, no more than 50%, no more than 60%, no more than 70% or no more than
80% of the amount of the same selection reagent(s) employed for selection of cells in a tube or
container-based incubation for the same number of cells and/or the same volume of cells
according to manufacturer’s instructions is employed.
The incubation with a selection t or reagents, e.g., as part of selection s
which may be performed in the chamber cavity, include using one or more selection reagents for
selection of one or more different cell types based on the expression or presence in or on the cell
of one or more specific molecules, such as surface markers, e.g., surface proteins, intracellular
markers, or c acid. In some embodiments, any known method using a ion reagent or
reagents for separation based on such markers may be used. In some embodiments, the selection
reagent or reagents result in a separation that is ty- or immunoaffinity—based separation.
For example, the selection in some aspects includes tion with a reagent or reagents for
separation of cells and cell populations based on the cells’ expression or expression level of one
or more markers, typically cell surface markers, for example, by incubation with an antibody or
binding partner that specifically binds to such s, ed generally by washing steps and
separation of cells having bound the antibody or binding partner, from those cells having not
bound to the antibody or binding partner.
In some embodiments, for selection, e.g., affinity-based selection of the
cells, the cells are incubated in the cavity of the chamber in a composition that also contains the
selection buffer with a selection reagent, such as a molecule that specifically binds to a surface
marker on a cell that it desired to enrich and/or deplete, but not on other cells in the composition,
such as an antibody, which optionally is coupled to a scaffold such as a polymer or surface, e.g.,
bead, e.g., magnetic bead, such as magnetic beads coupled to monoclonal antibodies specific for
CD4 and CD8. In some embodiments, as described, the selection reagent is added to cells in the
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cavity of the chamber in an amount that is ntially less than (e.g. is no more than 5%, 10%,
%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% or 80% of the amount) as compared to the amount of the
ion t that is lly used or would be necessary to achieve about the same or
similar efficiency of selection of the same number of cells or the same volume of cells when
selection is performed in a tube with shaking or rotation. In some embodiments, the incubation
is performed with the addition of a ion buffer to the cells and selection reagent to achieve a
target volume with incubation of the reagent of, for example, 10 mL to 200 mL, such as at least
or about at least or about or 10 mL, 20 mL, 30 mL, 40 mL, 50 mL, 60 mL, 70 mL, 80 mL, 90
mL, 100 mL, 150 mL or 200 mL. In some embodiments, the selection buffer and selection
reagent are pre-mixed before addition to the cells. In some embodiments, the selection buffer
and selection reagent are separately added to the cells. In some embodiments, the selection
incubation is carried out with periodic gentle mixing condition, which can aid in promoting
energetically favored interactions and thereby permit the use of less overall selection reagent
while achieving a high selection efficiency.
In some embodiments, the total on of the incubation with the selection reagent
is from or from about 5 minutes to 6 hours, such as 30 minutes to 3 hours, for example, at least
or about at least 30 minutes, 60 s, 120 minutes or 180 minutes.
In some embodiments, the incubation generally is d out under mixing
conditions, such as in the presence of spinning, generally at relatively low force or speed, such
as speed lower than that used to pellet the cells, such as from or from about 600 rpm to 1700
rpm (e.g. at or about or at least 600 rpm, 1000 rpm, or 1500 rpm or 1700 rpm), such as at an
RCF at the sample or wall of the chamber or other container of from or from about 80g to 100g
(e.g. at or about or at least 80 g, 85 g, 90 g, 95 g, or 100 g). In some embodiments, the spin is
carried out using repeated intervals of a spin at such low speed followed by a rest period, such as
a spin and/or rest for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 seconds, such as a spin at approximately 1 or 2
seconds followed by a rest for approximately 5, 6, 7, or 8 seconds.
In some embodiments, such process is carried out within the entirely closed system
to which the chamber is al. In some embodiments, this process (and in some aspects also
one or more additional step, such as a previous wash step washing a sample containing the cells,
such as an apheresis sample) is carried out in an automated fashion, such that the cells, reagent,
and other components are drawn into and pushed out of the r at riate times and
centrifugation effected, so as to complete the wash and binding step in a single closed system
using an automated program.
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In some ments, after the incubation and/0r mixing of the cells and selection
reagent and/or reagents, the incubated cells are subjected to a separation to select for cells based
on the presence or e of the particular reagent or reagents. In some embodiments, the
further selection is performed outside of the centrifugal chamber. In some ments, the
separation is performed in the same closed system in which the centrifugal chamber is present
and in which the incubation of cells with the selection reagent was performed. In some
embodiments, after incubation with the selection reagents, ted cells, including cells in
which the selection reagent has bound, are expressed from the centrifugal chamber, such as
transferred out of the centrifugal chamber, into a system for immunoaffinity—based separation of
the cells. In some embodiments, the system for immunoaffinity-based separation is or contains
a magnetic separation column. In some embodiments, prior to separation, one or more other
processing steps can be performed in the chamber, such as washing.
Such separation steps can be based on ve ion, in which the cells having
bound the reagents, e.g. antibody or binding partner, are retained for r use, and/or negative
selection, in which the cells having not bound to the reagent, e.g., antibody or binding partner,
are retained. In some examples, both fractions are retained for further use. In some s,
negative selection can be particularly useful where no dy is available that ically
identifies a cell type in a heterogeneous population, such that separation is best carried out based
on markers expressed by cells other than the desired population.
The separation need not result in 100 % enrichment or l of a particular cell
population or cells expressing a particular marker. For example, positive selection of or
enrichment for cells of a particular type, such as those expressing a marker, refers to increasing
the number or percentage of such cells, but need not result in a complete absence of cells not
expressing the marker. Likewise, negative ion, removal, or ion of cells of a particular
type, such as those expressing a marker, refers to decreasing the number or percentage of such
cells, but need not result in a complete removal of all such cells.
In some examples, multiple rounds of tion steps are d out, where the
positively or negatively selected fraction from one step is subjected to another separation step,
such as a subsequent positive or negative selection. In some examples, a single separation step
can deplete cells expressing multiple markers simultaneously, such as by incubating cells with a
plurality of antibodies or binding partners, each specific for a marker targeted for negative
selection. Likewise, multiple cell types can simultaneously be vely selected by incubating
cells with a plurality of antibodies or binding partners expressed on the various cell types. In
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any of such examples, at least a portion of the further selection or selection steps is performed in
a centrifugal chamber, which includes incubation of cells with a selection t, as described
above.
For example, in some aspects, ic subpopulations of T cells, such as cells
positive or sing high levels of one or more surface markers, e.g., CD28+, CD62L+,
CCR7+, CD27+, CD127+, CD4+, CD8+, CD45RA+, and/or CD45RO+ T cells, are isolated by
positive or negative selection techniques. In some embodiments, such cells are selected by
incubation with one or more antibody or binding partner that specifically binds to such markers.
In some embodiments, the antibody or binding partner can be conjugated, such as directly or
indirectly, to a solid support or matrix to effect ion, such as a magnetic head or
paramagnetic bead. For example, CD3+, CD28+ T cells can be vely ed using
28 conjugated ic beads (e.g., DYNABEADS® M-450 28 T Cell
Expander, and/or EprCT® beads).
In some embodiments, the s steps r include negative and/or positive
selection of the incubated and cells, such as using a system or apparatus that can perform an
affinity—based selection. In some embodiments, ion is carried out by enrichment for a
paiticular cell population by positive selection, or depletion of a particular cell tion, by
negative selection. In some embodiments, positive or negative selection is accomplished by
incubating cells with one or more antibodies or other binding agent that specifically bind to one
or more surface markers expressed or expressed (marker+) at a relatively higher level
(markerhigh) on the positively or negatively selected cells, respectively.
In some embodiments, T cells are separated from a PBMC sample by negative
selection of markers expressed on non—T cells, such as B cells, monocytes, or other white blood
cells, such as CD14. In some aspects, a CD4+ or CD8+ selection step is used to separate CD4+
helper and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. Such CD4+ and CD8+ populations can be further sorted
into sub—populations by positive or negative selection for markers expressed or expressed to a
relatively higher degree on one or more naive, memory, and/or effector T cell subpopulations.
In some embodiments, CD8+ cells are further enriched for or depleted of naive,
central memory, effector memory, and/or central memory stem cells, such as by positive or
negative selection based on e antigens associated with the tive subpopulation. In
some embodiments, enrichment for central memory T (TCM) cells is carried out to increase
efficacy, such as to improve long—term survival, expansion, and/or tment following
administration, which in some aspects is particularly robust in such sub-populations. See
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Terakuraet a1. (2012) Blood.1:72+82; Wang et a1. (2012) J Immunother. 35(9):689—701. In
some embodiments, ing TCM—enriched CD8+ T cells and CD4+ T cells further enhances
efficacy.
In embodiments, memory T cells are present in both CD62L+ and CD62L— subsets of
CD8+ eral blood lymphocytes. PBMC can be enriched for or depleted of CD62L—CD8+
and/or CD62L+CD8+ fractions, such as using anti-CD8 and anti-CD62L antibodies.
In some embodiments, the enrichment for central memory T (TCM) cells is based on
positive or high surface expression of , CD62L, CCR7, CD28, CD3, and/or CD 127; in
some aspects, it is based on negative selection for cells expressing or highly expressing
CD45RA and/or granzyme B. In some s, isolation of a CD8+ population enriched for
TCM cells is carried out by depletion of cells expressing CD4, CD14, CD45RA, and positive
ion or enrichment for cells expressing CD62L. In one aspect, enrichment for central
memory T (TCM) cells is d out starting with a negative fraction of cells selected based on
CD4 expression, which is subjected to a negative selection based on expression of CD14 and
CD45RA, and a positive selection based on CD62L. Such selections in some aspects are carried
out simultaneously and in other aspects are carried out sequentially, in either order. In some
aspects, the same CD4 expression—based selection step used in preparing the CD8+ cell
tion or subpopulation, also is used to generate the CD4+ cell tion or sub-
population, such that both the positive and negative ons from the CD4-based separation are
retained and used in subsequent steps of the methods, optionally following one or more further
positive or negative selection steps.
In a particular example, a sample of PBMCs or other white blood cell sample is
ted to selection of CD4+ cells, where both the ve and positive fractions are retained.
The negative fraction then is subjected to negative selection based on expression of CD14 and
CD45RA or CD19, and positive selection based on a marker characteristic of central memory T
cells, such as CD62L or CCR7, where the positive and negative selections are carried out in
either order.
CD4+ T helper cells may be sorted into naive, central memory, and effector cells by
identifying cell populations that have cell surface antigens. CD4+ cytes can be obtained
by standard methods. In some embodiments, naive CD4+ T lymphocytes are CD45RO-,
CD45RA+, CD62L+, or CD4+ T cells. In some embodiments, central memory CD4+ cells are
CD62L+ and +. In some embodiments, effector CD4+ cells are CD62L— and CD45RO-
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In one example, to enrich for CD4+ cells by negative ion, a monoclonal
dy cocktail typically includes dies to CD14, CD20, CDl lb, CD16, HLA—DR, and
CD8. In some embodiments, the antibody or binding partner is bound to a solid support or
matrix, such as a magnetic bead or paramagnetic bead, to allow for separation of cells for
positive and/or negative selection. For example, in some embodiments, the cells and cell
populations are ted or isolated using immunomagnetic (or affinitymagnetic) separation
techniques (reviewed in Methods in Molecular Medicine, vol. 58: Metastasis Research
Protocols, Vol. 2: Cell Behavior In Vitro and In Vivo, p 17-25 Edited by: S. A. Brooks and U.
Schumacher © Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ).
In some s, the ted sample or composition of cells to be separated is
incubated with a selection reagent containing small, magnetizable or magnetically responsive
material, such as magnetically responsive particles or microparticles, such as paramagnetic
beads (e.g., such as Dynalbeads or MACS® . The magnetically sive material, e.g.,
paiticle, generally is directly or indirectly attached to a binding partner, e.g., an antibody, that
specifically binds to a molecule, e.g., surface marker, present on the cell, cells, or population of
cells that it is desired to separate, e.g., that it is desired to vely or positively select.
In some embodiments, the magnetic particle or bead comprises a magnetically
responsive material bound to a specific binding member, such as an antibody or other binding
partner. Many well-known magnetically responsive materials for use in magnetic separation
methods are known, e.g., those bed in Molday, US. Pat. No. 4,452,773, and in European
Patent Specification EP 452342 B, which are hereby incorporated by reference. dal sized
particles, such as those described in Owen US. Pat. No. 698, and Liberti et al., US. Pat.
No. 5,200,084 also may be used.
The incubation generally is carried out under conditions whereby the antibodies or
binding partners, or molecules, such as secondary antibodies or other reagents, which
ically bind to such antibodies or binding partners, which are attached to the magnetic
particle or bead, specifically bind to cell surface molecules if present on cells within the sample.
In certain ments, the magnetically responsive particles are coated in primary
antibodies or other binding rs, secondary antibodies, lectins, enzymes, or streptavidin. In
certain ments, the magnetic particles are attached to cells via a coating of y
antibodies specific for one or more markers. In certain embodiments, the cells, rather than the
beads, are labeled with a primary antibody or binding partner, and then cell—type specific
secondary antibody- or other binding partner (e.g., streptavidin)-coated magnetic particles, are
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added. In certain embodiments, streptavidin—coated magnetic particles are used in ction
with biotinylated primary or secondary antibodies.
In some aspects, separation is achieved in a procedure in which the sample is placed
in a magnetic field, and those cells having magnetically responsive or magnetizable particles
attached thereto will be attracted to the magnet and separated from the unlabeled cells. For
positive selection, cells that are attracted to the magnet are ed; for ve selection, cells
that are not attracted (unlabeled cells) are retained. In some aspects, a combination of positive
and negative selection is med during the same selection step, where the positive and
negative fractions are retained and further processed or subject to further separation steps.
In some embodiments, the affinity-based selection is via magnetic-activated cell
sorting (MACS) (Miltenyi Biotech, Auburn, CA). Magnetic Activated Cell Sorting (MACS),
e.g., CliniMACS systems are capable of high-purity selection of cells having magnetized
particles attached thereto. In certain embodiments, MACS es in a mode n the non—
target and target species are sequentially eluted after the application of the external ic
field. That is, the cells attached to magnetized particles are held in place while the unattached
species are eluted. Then, after this first elution step is completed, the species that were d
in the magnetic field and were prevented from being eluted are freed in some manner such that
they can be eluted and recovered. In certain embodiments, the non-target cells are ed and
depleted from the heterogeneous population of cells.
In some embodiments, the processing steps include expression from the centrifugal
chamber of cells ted with one or more selection reagents. In some embodiments, the cells
can be expressed subsequent to and/or continuous with one or more washing steps, which can, in
some aspects, be performed in the centrifugal chamber.
In some embodiments, the ically responsive particles are left attached to the
cells that are to be subsequently incubated, cultured and/or engineered; in some aspects, the
les are left attached to the cells for administration to a patient. In some embodiments, the
magnetizable or magnetically responsive particles are removed from the cells. Methods for
removing magnetizable particles from cells are known and include, e.g., the use of competing
non—labeled antibodies, magnetizable particles or antibodies conjugated to cleavable linkers, etc.
In some embodiments, the magnetizable les are biodegradable.
Freezing and eservation
In some embodiments, the cells, such as selected cells, are suspended in a freezing
solution, e.g., following a g step to remove plasma and platelets. Any of a variety of
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known freezing solutions and parameters in some aspects may be used. One example involves
using PBS containing 20% DMSO and 8% human serum albumin (HSA), or other suitable cell
freezing media. This is then diluted 1:1 with media so that the final concentration of DMSO and
HSA are 10% and 4%, respectively.
In some embodiments, the cells, such as selected cells, can be transferred to
cryopreservation media using a centrifugal chamber in conjunction with one or more systems
associated with a cell processing system, such as a centrifugal chamber produced and sold by
Biosafe SA, including those for use with the Sepax® or Sepax 2® cell processing systems. In
some embodiments, er to cryopreservation medium is associated with one or more
processing steps that can involve washing of the sample, e.g., selected cell sample, such as to
remove the selection media and/or replacing the cells in an appropriate cryopreservation buffer
or media for uent ng.
In some embodiments, the cells are frozen, e.g.., cryopreserved, either , during,
or after said methods for processing. In some embodiments, the freeze and subsequent thaw step
removes granulocytes and, to some extent, monocytes in the cell population. The cells are
generally then frozen to —80° C. at a rate of 10 per minute and stored in the vapor phase of a
liquid nitrogen storage tank.
Cultivation and stimulation
In some embodiments, the sing steps (e.g., those carried out in the chamber
and/or closed ) include cultivation, stimulation and/or tion of cells, such as by
incubation and/or culture of cells. For example, in some embodiments, ed are methods
for stimulating the isolated cells, such as selected cell populations. In some embodiments, the
processing steps include incubation of a composition containing the cells, such as selected cells,
where at least a portion of the tion is in a centrifugal chamber and/or other vessel, e.g.,
under stimulating conditions. The incubation may be prior to or in connection with c
engineering, such as genetic engineering resulting from embodiments of the transduction
method described above. In some embodiments, the stimulation results in activation and/or
proliferation of the cells, for example, prior to transduction.
In some embodiments, the processing steps include tions of cells, such as
selected cells, in which the incubation steps can e culture, cultivation, stimulation,
tion, and/or propagation of cells. In some embodiments, the compositions or cells are
incubated in the presence of stimulating conditions or a stimulatory agent. Such conditions
include those designed to induce proliferation, ion, activation, and/0r survival of cells in
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the population, to mimic antigen re, and/or to prime the cells for genetic engineering,
such as for the uction of a recombinant antigen receptor.
In some embodiments, the conditions for stimulation and/or activation can include
one or more of particular media, temperature, oxygen content, carbon dioxide content, time,
agents, e.g., nutrients, amino acids, antibiotics, ions, and/or stimulatory factors, such as
cytokines, chemokines, antigens, binding partners, fusion proteins, recombinant soluble
receptors, and any other agents ed to activate the cells.
In some embodiments, the ating conditions or agents include one or more
agent, e.g., , which is capable of activating an intracellular signaling domain of a TCR
x. In some aspects, the agent turns on or initiates TCR/CD3 intracellular signaling
cascade in a T cell, such as agents suitable to deliver a primary signal, e.g., to initiate activation
of an ITAM-induced signal, such as those specific for a TCR component, and/or an agent that
es a costimulatory signal, such as one specific for a T cell costimulatory or, e.g.,
anti—CD3, anti—CD28, or anti—41—BB, for example, bound to solid support such as a bead, and/or
one or more cytokines. Among the stimulating agents are anti-CD3/anti-CD28 beads (e.g.,
ADS® M—450 CD3/CD28 T Cell Expander, and/or EprCT® beads). Optionally,
the expansion method may further comprise the step of adding anti—CD3 and/or anti CD28
antibody to the culture medium. In some embodiments, the stimulating agents include IL-2
and/or IL—15, for example, an IL-2 concentration of at least about 10 units/mL. In some
embodiments, incubation is carried out in accordance with techniques such as those described in
US Patent No. 1 77 to Riddell et al., Klebanoff et al.(2012) J Immunother. 35(9): 651—
660, Terakuraet a1. (2012) Blood.1:72—82, and/or Wang et al. (2012) J Immunother. 35(9):689-
70 1.
In some embodiments, the T cells are expanded by adding to the composition feeder
cells, such as non—dividing peripheral blood clear cells (PBMC), (e.g., such that the
resulting population of cells contains at least about 5, 10, 20, or 40 or more PBMC feeder cells
for each T cyte in the initial population to be ed); and incubating the culture (e.g.
for a time ient to expand the numbers of T cells). In some aspects, the non—dividing feeder
cells can comprise gamma—irradiated PBMC feeder cells. In some embodiments, the PBMC are
irradiated with gamma rays in the range of about 3000 to 3600 rads to prevent cell division. In
some aspects, the feeder cells are added to culture medium prior to the addition of the
populations of T cells.
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In some embodiments, the stimulating ions lly include a temperature
suitable for the growth of human T lymphocytes, for example, at least about 25 degrees Celsius,
generally at least about 30 degrees, and generally at or about 37 degrees Celsius. Optionally, the
incubation may further comprise adding viding EBV—transformed lymphoblastoid cells
(LCL) as feeder cells. LCL can be irradiated with gamma rays in the range of about 6000 to
,000 rads. The LCL feeder cells in some aspects is provided in any suitable amount, such as a
ratio of LCL feeder cells to initial T lymphocytes of at least about 10:1.
In embodiments, antigen-specific T cells, such as antigen—specific CD4+ and/or
CD8+ T cells, are obtained by stimulating naive or antigen ic T lymphocytes with antigen.
For example, antigen-specific T cell lines or clones can be generated to cytomegalovirus
antigens by isolating T cells from ed subjects and stimulating the cells in Vitro with the
same antigen.
In some embodiments, at least a portion of the incubation with one or more
stimulating conditions or atory agents, such as any described above, is performed in a
centrifugal chamber. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the incubation performed in a
centrifugal chamber includes mixing with a reagent or reagents to induce stimulation and/or
tion. In some ments, cells, such as selected cells, are mixed with a stimulating
condition or stimulatory agent in the centrifugal chamber. In some aspects of such processes, a
volume of cells is mixed with an amount of one or more stimulating conditions or agents that is
far less than is ly employed when performing similar stimulations in a cell culture plate
or other system.
In some embodiments, the stimulating agent is added to cells in the cavity of the
chamber in an amount that is ntially less than (e.g. is no more than 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%.
40%, 50%, 60%, 70% or 80% of the amount) as compared to the amount of the stimulating
agent that is typically used or would be necessary to achieve about the same or similar efficiency
of selection of the same number of cells or the same volume of cells when selection is performed
without mixing in a centrifugal chamber, e.g. in a tube or bag with periodic shaking or rotation.
In some embodiments, the incubation is med with the on of an incubation buffer to
the cells and stimulating agent to achieve a target volume with incubation of the reagent of, for
example, 10 mL to 200 mL, such as at least or about at least or about or 10 mL, 20 mL, 30 mL,
40 mL, 50 mL, 60 mL, 70 mL, 80 mL, 90 mL, 100 mL, 150 mL or 200 mL. In some
embodiments, the incubation buffer and stimulating agent are pre—mixed before addition to the
cells. In some embodiments, the incubation buffer and stimulating agent are separately added to
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the cells. In some embodiments, the stimulating incubation is d out with periodic gentle
mixing condition, which can aid in ing energetically favored interactions and thereby
permit the use of less overall ating agent while achieving stimulating and activation of
cells.
In some embodiments, the total duration of the incubation with the stimulating agent
is from or from about 1 hour and 72 hours, 1 hour and 48 hours, 4 hours and 36 hours, 8 hours
and 30 hours or 12 hours and 24 hours, such as at least or about at least 6 hours, 12 hours, 18
hours, 24 hours, 36 hours or 72 hours. In some cases, the total duration of the incubation in the
fugal chamber is from or from about 5 minutes to 6 hours, such as 30 minutes to 3 hours,
for example, at least or about at least 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 120 minutes or 180 minutes. In
some cases, a further portion of the incubation can be performed outside of the centrifugal
chamber.
In some embodiments, the incubation generally is carried out under mixing
ions, such as in the presence of spinning, generally at relatively low force or speed, such
as speed lower than that used to pellet the cells, such as from or from about 600 rpm to 1700
rpm (e.g. at or about or at least 600 rpm, 1000 rpm, or 1500 rpm or 1700 rpm), such as at an
RCF at the sample or wall of the chamber or other container of from or from about 80g to 100g
(e.g. at or about or at least 80 g, 85 g, 90 g, 95 g, or 100 g). In some embodiments, the spin is
carried out using repeated intervals of a spin at such low speed followed by a rest period, such as
a spin and/or rest for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 seconds, such as a spin at approximately 1 or 2
seconds followed by a rest for approximately 5, 6, 7, or 8 seconds.
In some embodiments, cells are incubated in a centrifugal chamber with a cell
stimulating agent or agents that is/are a cell—binding agent, such as an n—binding reagent,
such as antibody, that is able to induce intracellular signaling and/or cell eration. In some
embodiments, cells are ted with, including mixed with, D3/anti—CD28 beads in a
centrifugal chamber according to aspects of processes in the provided methods.
In some embodiments, the processing steps include expression from the centrifugal
r of cells incubated, such as mixed with, one or more atory conditions or
stimulating agents. In some embodiments, one or more other additional processing steps can be
performed in the Chamber, such as washing, which can be prior to, subsequent to and/or
continuous with the stimulating incubation. In some embodiments, washing is performed prior
to stimulation, such as on selected or thawed cells, to remove and replace media with a medium
suitable for stimulation and cultivation of cells.
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In some embodiments, expressed cells from the centrifugal chamber that have been
incubated, such as mixed with, one or more stimulatory ions or stimulating agents, are
further incubated outside of the chamber. In some embodiments, the further incubation is
effected at temperatures greater than room temperature, such as greater than or greater than
about 25 °C, such as generally greater than or greater than about 32 °C, 35 °C or 37 °C. In some
embodiments, the further incubation is effected at a ature of at or about 37 °C i 2 °C,
such as at a ature of at or about 37 °C, In some embodiments, the further incubation is for
a time between or about between 12 hours and 96 hours, such as at least or at least about 12
hours, 24 hours, 36 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours or 96 hours.
In some embodiments, the further incubation occurs in a closed system. In some
embodiments, after expression from the chamber of the cells incubated, such as mixed, with one
or stimulatory conditions or stimulating agents, such as into a container (e. g. bag), the container
containing the cells is incubated for a further portion of time. In some embodiments, the
container, such as bag, is incubated at a temperature of at or about 37 °C 1 2 °C for a time
n or about between 1 hour and 48 hours, 4 hours and 36 hours, 8 hours and 30 hours or
12 hours and 24 hours, ive.
Formulation
In some embodiments, the process steps (e.g. carried out in the centrifugal chamber
and/or closed system) may include formulation of cells, such as formulation of genetically
engineered cells resulting from the provided transduction processing steps and/or one or more
other processing steps as described. In some ments, the provided methods associated
with formulation of cells include processing transduced cells, such as cells transduced and/or
expanded using the processing steps described above, in a closed system, such as in or
associated with a fugal chamber.
In some embodiments, the cells are formulated in a pharmaceutically acceptable
buffer, which may, in some aspects, include a pharmaceutically able carrier or excipient.
In some embodiments, the processing includes exchange of a medium into a medium or
formulation buffer that is pharmaceutically able or desired for administration to a subject.
In some embodiments, the processing steps can involve washing the transduced and/or expanded
cells to e the cells in a pharmaceutically acceptable buffer that can include one or more
optional pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or ents. ary of such pharmaceutical
forms, including pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or excipients, can be any described below
in conjunction with forms acceptable for administering the cells and compositions to a subject.
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The pharmaceutical composition in some embodiments contains the cells in s effective to
treat or prevent the disease or condition, such as a therapeutically effective or prophylactically
effective amount.
In some embodiments, the formulation buffer contains a cryopreservative. In some
ments, the cell are formulated with a eservative solution that contains 1.0% to 30%
DMSO solution, such as a 5% to 20% DMSO solution or a 5% to 10% DMSO solution. In
some embodiments, the cryopreservation on is or contains, for example, PBS containing
% DMSO and 8% human serum albumin (HSA), or other suitable cell freezing media. In
some embodiments, the cryopreservative solution is or contains, for example, at least or about
7.5% DMSO. In some embodiments, the processing steps can involve washing the transduced
and/or ed cells to replace the cells in a cryopreservative solution.
In some embodiments, the processing can include dilution or concentration of the
cells to a desired concentration or number, such as unit dose form compositions including the
number of cells for administration in a given dose or fraction thereof. In some embodiments, the
processing steps can include a volume-reduction to thereby increase the concentration of cells as
d. In some embodiments, the processing steps can include a volume—addition to thereby
decrease the concentration of cells as desired.
In some embodiments, the processing includes adding a volume of a formulation
buffer to transduced and/or expanded cells. In some embodiments, the volume of formulation
buffer is from or from about 10 mL to 1000 mL, such as at least or about at least or about or 50
mL, 100 mL, 200 mL, 300 mL, 400 mL, 500 mL, 600 mL, 700 mL, 800 mL, 900 mL or 1000
ary of such processing steps can be performed using a centrifugal chamber in
ction with one or more systems or kits associated with a cell processing system, such as a
centrifugal chamber produced and sold by Biosafe SA, including those for use with the Sepax®
or Sepax 2® cell processing systems.
In some embodiments, the method includes ing expression from the internal
cavity of the centrifugal chamber a formulated composition, which is the resulting composition
of cells formulated in a ation buffer, such as pharmaceutically acceptable , in any of
the above embodiments as described. In some embodiments, the expression of the formulated
ition is to a container, such as a bag that is operably linked as part of a closed system
with the centrifugal chamber. In some embodiments, the container, such as bag, is connected to
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a system at an output line or output position as exemplified in the exemplary systems depicted in
or
In some embodiments, the closed system, such as ated with a cell processing
system, such as centrifugal chamber, includes a multi—port output kit containing a multi—way
tubing manifold associated at each end of a tubing line with a port to which one or a plurality of
containers can be connected for sion of the ated composition. In some s, a
desired number or plurality of output containers, e.g., bags, can be sterilely connected to one or
more, generally two or more, such as at least 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or more of the ports of the multi-port
output. For example, in some embodiments, one or more containers, e.g., bags can be ed
to the ports, or to fewer than all of the ports. Thus, in some embodiments, the system can effect
expression of the output composition into a plurality of output bags.
In some aspects, cells can be expressed to the one or more of the ity of output
bags in an amount for dosage administration, such as for a single unit dosage administration or
multiple dosage administration. For example, in some embodiments, the output bags may each
contain the number of cells for administration in a given dose or fraction thereof. Thus, each
bag, in some aspects, may contain a single unit dose for administration or may contain a on
of a desired dose such that more than one of the plurality of output bags, such as two of the
output bags, or 3 of the output bags, together constitute a dose for administration.
Thus, the containers, e.g., bags, generally contain the cells to be administered, e.g.,
one or more unit doses thereof. The unit dose may be an amount or number of the cells to be
administered to the subject or twice the number (or more) of the cells to be administered. It may
be the lowest dose or lowest possible dose of the cells that would be stered to the t.
In some embodiments, each of the containers, e.g., bags, individually comprises a
unit dose of the cells. Thus in some embodiments, each of the containers comprises the same or
approximately or substantially the same number of cells. In some embodiments, the unit dose
includes less than about 1 x 108, less than about 5 x 107, less than about 1 x 106 or less than
about 5 x 105 of cells, per kg of the subject to be treated and/or from which the cells have been
derived. In some embodiments, each unit dose contains at least or about at least 1 x 106, 2 x 106,
x 106, 1 x 107, 5 x 107, or 1 x 108 engineered cells, total cells, T cells, or PBMCs. In some
embodiments, the volume of the formulated cell composition in each bag is 10 mL to 100 mL,
such as at least or about at least 20 mL, 30 mL, 40 mL, 50 mL, 60 mL, 70 mL, 80 mL, 90 mL or
100 mL.
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In some embodiments, one or more of the plurality of output bags can be used for
testing, such as for assessing transduction efficiency. For example, the transduction efficiency
in some aspects may be assessed by measuring the level of sion of a recombinant protein,
such as a heterologous protein, encoded by a nucleic acid contained in the genome of the viral
vector particle following transduction using embodiments of the provided s. Thus, in
some embodiments, the expression level of recombinant molecules may be ed by any of a
number of well-known methods such as detection by affinity-based methods, e.g.,
immunoaffinity-based methods, e.g., in the context of cell surface proteins, such as by flow
cytometry. In some aspects, the cells ned in one or more of the ity of containers,
e.g., bags, is tested for the expression level of recombinant molecules by detection of a
transduction marker and/or reporter uct. In other embodiments, expression is assessed
using a nucleic acid encoding a ted surface protein included within the vector as a marker.
In some embodiments, all or substantially all of a plurality of containers to which
cells are expressed contain the same number of cells and in the same or substantially the same
concentration. In some embodiments, prior to expressing cells into one of a ity of
containers, the tubing lines are primed.
IV. Cells and compositions
Among the cells to be used in the methods, such as the processing steps, e.g., the
er of viral nucleic acids, e.g., transduction, are cells, cell populations, and compositions.
The cells generally are mammalian cells, and typically are human cells. In some
embodiments, the cells are derived from the blood, bone marrow, lymph, or lymphoid organs.
In some aspects, the cells are cells of the immune system, such as cells of innate or adaptive
ty, e.g., myeloid or id cells, including lymphocytes, typically T cells and/or NK
cells. Other exemplary cells include stem cells, such as multipotent and pluripotent stem cells,
including induced otent stem cells (iPSCs). The cells typically are primary cells, such as
those isolated directly from a subject and/or isolated from a t and frozen. In some
embodiments, the cells include one or more subsets of T cells or other cell types, such as whole
T cell populations, CD4+ cells, CD8+ cells, and subpopulations thereof, such as those defined
by function, activation state, maturity, potential for differentiation, expansion, recirculation,
zation, and/0r persistence capacities, antigen-specificity, type of antigen receptor, presence
in a particular organ or compartment, marker or cytokine secretion profile, and/or degree of
differentiation. With reference to the subject to be treated, the cells may be allogeneic and/or
W0 2016/073602
autologous. In some ments, the methods include isolating cells from the subject,
preparing, processing, culturing, and/or engineering them, and re—introducing them into the same
subject, before or after cryopreservation, which, in some aspects, can be achieved in a closed
system using one or more of the provided processing steps.
Among the sub—types and subpopulations of T cells and/or of CD4+ and/or of CD8+
T cells are naive T (TN) cells, effector T cells (TEFF), memory T cells and sub-types thereof, such
as stem cell memory T (TSCM), central memory T (TCM), effector memory T (TEM), or terminally
differentiated effector memory T cells, tumor-infiltrating cytes (TIL), immature T cells,
mature T cells, helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells,
naturally occurring and ve regulatory T (Treg) cells, helper T cells, such as THl cells,
TH2 cells, TH3 cells, TH17 cells, TH9 cells, TH22 cells, follicular helper T cells, beta T
cells, and delta/gamma T cells.
In some embodiments, the cells are natural killer (NK) cells. In some embodiments,
the cells are monocytes or ocytes, e.g., myeloid cells, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic
cells, mast cells, eosinophils, and/or basophils.
V. Viral vector les, viral s, and encoded recombinant products
The transduction methods lly involve transduction with viral vectors, such as
those encoding recombinant products to be expressed in the cells. The term “vector,” as used
herein, refers to a nucleic acid molecule e of propagating another nucleic acid to which it
is linked. The term includes the vector as a self-replicating nucleic acid structure as well as the
vector incorporated into the genome of a host cell into which it has been uced. Certain
vectors are capable of directing the expression of nucleic acids to which they are operatively
linked. Such vectors are referred to herein as “expression vectors.” Vectors include viral
vectors, such as retroviral vectors, for example lentiviral or gammaretroviral vectors, having a
genome carrying another nucleic acid and capable of inserting into a host genome for
ation thereof.
In some embodiments, a Viral vector is transferred to a cell in a vehicle that is a viral
vector particle, which includes a virion that encapsulates and/or packages a Viral vector .
In some such embodiments, the genome of the viral vector lly includes sequences in
addition to the nucleic acid encoding the recombinant molecule that allow the genome to be
packaged into the virus particle.
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In some embodiments, the viral vector contains a recombinant nucleic acid, such as a
c acid encoding a recombinant and/or heterologous molecule, such as a recombinant or
heterologous protein. In some embodiments, such as in aspects of the provided s,
transduction with the viral vectors produces an output composition, cells of which have been
transduced and express recombinant or genetically ered ts of such nucleic acids. In
some ments, the nucleic acids are heterologous, i.e., normally not present in a cell or
sample obtained from the cell, such as one obtained from another organism or cell, which for
example, is not ordinarily found in the cells being transduced and/or an organism from which
such cell is derived. In some embodiments, the nucleic acids are not naturally occurring, such as
a nucleic acid not found in nature, including one comprising chimeric combinations of nucleic
acids encoding various domains from multiple different cell types.
In some embodiments, recombinant nucleic acids are transferred into cells using
recombinant virus or viral vector particles, such as, e.g., vectors derived from simian virus 40
(SV40), adenoviruses, adeno—associated virus (AAV). In some ments, recombinant
c acids are transferred into cells, such as T cells, using recombinant lentiviral vectors or
retroviral vectors, such as gamma—retroviral s (see, e.g., Koste et al. (2014) Gene Therapy
2014 Apr 3. doi: 10.1038/gt.2014.25; Carlens et al. (2000) Exp Hematol 28(10): 1137—46;
Alonso-Camino et al. (2013) Mol Ther Nucl Acids 2, 693; Park et al., Trends Biotechnol. 2011
er 29(11): 550—557.
In some embodiments, the retroviral vector has a long terminal repeat sequence
(LTR), e.g., a retroviral vector derived from the Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMLV),
myeloproliferative sarcoma virus (MPSV), murine embryonic stem cell virus (MESV), murine
stem cell virus (MSCV), spleen focus forming virus (SFFV), or adeno—associated virus (AAV).
Most retroviral vectors are derived from murine retroviruses. In some embodiments, the
retroviruses include those derived from any avian or mammalian cell source. The retroviruses
typically are amphotropic, meaning that they are capable of infecting host cells of l
species, including . In one embodiment, the gene to be sed replaces the retroviral
gag, pol and/or env sequences. A number of illustrative retroviral systems have been described
(e.g., US. Pat. Nos. 5,219,740; 6,207,453; 5,219,740; Miller and Rosman (1989) BioTechniques
7:980-990; Miller, A. D. (1990) Human Gene Therapy 1:5-14; Scarpa et al. (1991) Virology
180:849-852; Burns et al. (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:8033-8037; and Boris-Lawrie
and Temin (1993) Cur. Opin. Genet. Develop. 3:102—109.
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The viral vectors generally include recombinant nucleic acids such as transgenes
encoding recombinant products to be expressed by the cells. Recombinant products include
recombinant receptors, including antigen receptors such as functional non-TCR antigen
ors, e.g., chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), and other antigen—binding receptors such as
transgenic T cell receptors (TCRs). Also among the receptors are other chimeric receptors.
Exemplary antigen receptors, including CARS, and methods for engineering and
introducing such receptors into cells, include those described, for example, in ational
patent application ation numbers WO200014257, WO2013126726, WO2012/129514,
W02014031687, WO2013/166321, W02013/071154, WO2013/123061 US. patent application
publication numbers US2002131960, US2013287748, US20130149337, US. Patent Nos.:
6,451,995, 7,446,190, 8,252,592, , 8,339,645, 8,398,282, 179, 6,410,319, 7,070,995,
7,265,209, 7,354,762, 7,446,191, 8,324,353, and 8,479,118, and European patent application
number EP2537416,and/or those described by in et al., Cancer Discov. 2013 April; 3(4):
388—398; Davila et al. (2013) PLOS ONE 8(4): e61338; Turtle et al., Curr. Opin. Immunol, 2012
October; 24(5): 633-39; Wu et al., Cancer, 2012 March 18(2): . In some aspects, the
antigen receptors include a CAR as described in US. Patent No.: 7,446,190, and those described
in International Patent Application Publication No.: WO/2014055668 A1. es of the
CARs include CARs as disclosed in any of the aforementioned publications, such as
WO2014031687, US 8,339,645, US 7,446,179, US 2013/0149337, US. Patent No.: 7,446,190,
US Patent No.: 8,389,282, derfer et al., 2013, Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, 10,
267-276 (2013); Wang et al. (2012) J. Immunolher. 35(9): 689-701; and Brentjens et al., Sci
Transl Med. 2013 5(177). See also 031687, US 8,339,645, US 7,446,179, US
2013/0149337, US. Patent No.: 7,446,190, and US Patent No.: 8,389,282. The chimeric
ors, such as CARs, generally include an extracellular antigen g domain, such as a
portion of an antibody molecule, generally a variable heavy (VH) chain region and/or variable
light (VL) chain region of the antibody, e.g., an scFv antibody fragment.
In some embodiments, the antibody portion of the recombinant receptor, e.g., CAR,
further includes at least a portion of an immunoglobulin constant region, such as a hinge ,
e.g., an IgG4 hinge region, and/or a CHl/CL and/or Fc region. In some embodiments, the
constant region or portion is of a human IgG, such as IgG4 or IgGl. In some aspects, the
portion of the constant region serves as a spacer region n the antigen-recognition
component, e.g., scFv, and transmembrane domain. The spacer can be of a length that es
for increased responsiveness of the cell following antigen binding, as compared to in the absence
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of the spacer. Exemplary spacers, e.g., hinge regions, include those described in international
patent application publication number WO2014031687. In some examples, the spacer is or is
about 12 amino acids in length or is no more than 12 amino acids in length. ary spacers
include those having at least about 10 to 229 amino acids, about 10 to 200 amino acids, about 10
to 175 amino acids, about 10 to 150 amino acids, about 10 to 125 amino acids, about 10 to 100
amino acids, about 10 to 75 amino acids, about 10 to 50 amino acids, about 10 to 40 amino
acids, about 10 to 30 amino acids, about 10 to 20 amino acids, or about 10 to 15 amino acids,
and including any integer between the endpoints of any of the listed ranges. In some
embodiments, a spacer region has about 12 amino acids or less, about 119 amino acids or less,
or about 229 amino acids or less. Exemplary spacers include IgG4 hinge alone, IgG4 hinge
linked to CH2 and CH3 domains, or IgG4 hinge linked to the CH3 domain.
This antigen recognition domain generally is linked to one or more intracellular
signaling components, such as ing components that mimic activation through an n
receptor complex, such as a TCR complex, in the case of a CAR, and/or signal via another cell
surface receptor. Thus, in some embodiments, the antigen-binding component (e.g., antibody) is
linked to one or more transmembrane and intracellular ing s. In some
embodiments, the transmembrane domain is fused to the extracellular domain. In one
embodiment, a transmembrane domain that naturally is ated with one of the domains in
the receptor, e.g., CAR, is used. In some instances, the transmembrane domain is selected or
modified by amino acid substitution to avoid binding of such s to the transmembrane
domains of the same or different surface membrane proteins to minimize interactions with other
members of the receptor complex.
The transmembrane domain in some embodiments is derived either from a natural or
from a synthetic source. Where the source is natural, the domain in some aspects is derived
from any ne—bound or transmembrane protein. Transmembrane regions include those
derived from (i.e. comprise at least the transmembrane region(s) of) the alpha, beta or zeta chain
of the T-cell receptor, CD28, CD3 epsilon, CD45, CD4, CD5, CD8, CD9, CD 16, CD22, CD33,
CD37, CD64, CD80, CD86, CD 134, CD137, CD 154. Alternatively the transmembrane
domain in some embodiments is synthetic. In some aspects, the synthetic transmembrane
domain comprises predominantly hydrophobic residues such as leucine and valine. In some
aspects, a triplet of phenylalanine, phan and valine will be found at each end of a tic
transmembrane . In some embodiments, the e is by linkers, spacers, and/or
transmembrane domain(s).
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Among the ellular signaling domains are those that mimic or approximate a
signal through a natural antigen receptor, a signal through such a receptor in combination with a
costimulatory receptor, and/or a signal through a costimulatory or alone. In some
embodiments, a short oligo— or polypeptide linker, for example, a linker of between 2 and 10
amino acids in length, such as one containing glycines and serines, e. g., glycine-serine doublet,
is present and forms a linkage between the transmembrane domain and the cytoplasmic
signaling domain of the CAR.
The receptor, e.g., the CAR, generally includes at least one intracellular signaling
ent or components. In some embodiments, the receptor includes an intracellular
component of a TCR complex, such as a TCR CD3 chain that mediates T-cell activation and
cytotoxicity, e.g., CD3 zeta chain. Thus, in some s, the antigen—binding portion is linked
to one or more cell signaling s. In some embodiments, cell signaling modules include
CD3 transmembrane domain, CD3 intracellular signaling s, and/or other CD
transmembrane domains. In some embodiments, the receptor, e.g., CAR, further includes a
portion of one or more additional molecules such as Fc receptor 7, CD8, CD4, CD25, or CD16.
For example, in some aspects, the CAR or other chimeric receptor includes a chimeric molecule
between CD3-zeta (CD3-8;) or PC receptor y and CD8, CD4, CD25 or CD16.
In some embodiments, upon ligation of the CAR or other chimeric receptor, the
cytoplasmic domain or intracellular signaling domain of the receptor activates at least one of the
normal effector functions or ses of the immune cell, e.g., T cell engineered to s the
CAR. For example, in some ts, the CAR induces a function of a T cell such as cytolytic
activity or T-helper activity, such as secretion of cytokines or other factors. In some
ments, a truncated portion of an intracellular ing domain of an antigen or
component or costimulatory molecule is used in place of an intact stimulatory chain, for
example, if it transduces the effector function signal. In some embodiments, the intracellular
signaling domain or domains include the cytoplasmic sequences of the T cell receptor (TCR),
and in some aspects also those of co-receptors that in the natural context act in concert with such
receptors to initiate signal uction following antigen receptor engagement.
In the t of a natural TCR, full activation generally requires not only signaling
through the TCR, but also a costimulatory signal. Thus, in some embodiments, to promote full
activation, a component for generating secondary or mulatory signal is also included in the
CAR. In other embodiments, the CAR does not include a component for generating a
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costimulatory signal. In some aspects, an onal CAR is expressed in the same cell and
provides the ent for generating the secondary or costimulatory signal.
T cell activation is in some aspects described as being mediated by two s of
cytoplasmic signaling sequences: those that initiate antigen—dependent primary activation
through the TCR (primary cytoplasmic signaling sequences), and those that act in an antigen-
independent manner to provide a secondary or co-stimulatory signal (secondary cytoplasmic
signaling sequences). In some aspects, the CAR includes one or both of such signaling
components.
In some aspects, the CAR includes a primary cytoplasmic signaling sequence that
regulates primary activation of the TCR complex. Primary cytoplasmic ing sequences that
act in a stimulatory manner may contain signaling motifs which are known as receptor
tyrosine-based activation motifs or ITAMs. Examples of ITAM containing primary cytoplasmic
signaling sequences include those derived from TCR zeta, FcR gamma, FcR beta, CD3 gamma,
CD3 delta, CD3 epsilon, CDS, CD22, CD79a, CD79b, and CD66d. In some ments,
cytoplasmic signaling molecule(s) in the CAR contain(s) a cytoplasmic signaling domain,
portion thereof, or sequence derived from CD3 zeta.
In some embodiments, the CAR includes a ing domain and/or transmembrane
portion of a costimulatory receptor, such as CD28, 4—1BB, 0X40, DAPlO, and ICOS. In some
aspects, the same CAR includes both the ting and costimulatory components.
In some ments, the ting domain is ed within one CAR, whereas
the ulatory component is provided by another CAR recognizing r antigen. In some
embodiments, the CARs include activating or stimulatory CARs, costimulatory CARs, both
expressed on the same cell (see WO2014/055668). In some aspects, the cells include one or
more stimulatory or activating CAR and/or a costimulatory CAR. In some embodiments, the
cells further include inhibitory CARs (iCARs, see Fedorov et al., Sci. . ne, 5(215)
(December, 2013), such as a CAR recognizing an antigen other than the one associated with
and/or specific for the disease or condition whereby an activating signal delivered through the
disease—targeting CAR is diminished or inhibited by binding of the inhibitory CAR to its ligand,
e.g., to reduce off—target effects.
In certain embodiments, the intracellular signaling domain comprises a CD28
transmembrane and signaling domain linked to a CD3 (e. g., CD3-zeta) intracellular domain. In
some embodiments, the intracellular signaling domain comprises a chimeric CD28 and CD137
(4— lBB, TNFRSF9) co-stimulatory s, linked to a CD3 zeta intracellular domain.
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In some embodiments, the CAR encompasses one or more, e.g., two or more,
costimulatory domains and an tion domain, e.g., primary activation domain, in the
asmic portion. ary CARS include intracellular ents of CD3-zeta, CD28,
and 4—1BB.
In some embodiments, the CAR or other antigen or further includes a marker,
such as a cell surface marker, which may be used to confirm transduction or engineering of the
cell to express the receptor, such as a truncated version of a cell surface receptor, such as
truncated EGFR (tEGFR). In some aspects, the marker includes all or part (e.g., truncated form)
of CD34, a NGFR, or epidermal growth factor receptor (e.g., . In some embodiments,
the nucleic acid encoding the marker is operably linked to a polynucleotide encoding for a linker
sequence, such as a cleavable linker sequence, e.g., T2A. See W02014031687.
In some embodiments, the marker is a molecule, e.g., cell surface protein, not
naturally found on T cells or not naturally found on the surface of T cells, or a portion thereof.
In some embodiments, the molecule is a non—self molecule, e.g., non—self protein, i.e.,
’ by the immune system of the host into which the cells will be
one that is not recognized as “self
adoptively erred.
In some embodiments, the marker serves no therapeutic function and/0r produces no
effect other than to be used as a marker for genetic engineering, e.g., for selecting cells
successfully engineered. In other ments, the marker may be a therapeutic molecule or
molecule otherwise ng some desired effect, such as a ligand for a cell to be encountered in
vivo, such as a costimulatory or immune checkpoint molecule to enhance and/or dampen
ses of the cells upon adoptive transfer and encounter with ligand.
In some cases, CARs are referred to as first, second, and/or third generation CARs.
In some aspects, a first generation CAR is one that solely es a CD3-chain d signal
upon antigen binding; in some aspects, a second—generation CARs is one that provides such a
signal and costimulatory , such as one including an intracellular signaling domain from a
costimulatory receptor such as CD28 or CD137; in some aspects, a third generation CAR is one
that includes multiple ulatory domains of different costimulatory receptors.
In some embodiments, the ic antigen receptor includes an extracellular portion
containing an antibody or antibody fragment. In some aspects, the chimeric antigen receptor
includes an extracellular portion ning the antibody or fragment and an intracellular
signaling domain. In some embodiments, the antibody or fragment includes an scFv and the
intracellular domain contains an ITAM. In some aspects, the intracellular signaling domain
W0 2016/073602
includes a signaling domain of a zeta chain of a CD3—zeta (CD39 chain. In some embodiments,
the chimeric antigen receptor includes a transmembrane domain linking the extracellular domain
and the intracellular signaling domain. In some aspects, the transmembrane domain contains a
transmembrane portion of CD28. In some embodiments, the chimeric antigen receptor contains
an intracellular domain of a T cell costimulatory molecule. In some aspects, the T cell
costimulatory molecule is CD28 or 41BB.
The terms “polypeptide” and in” are used interchangeably to refer to a polymer
of amino acid residues, and are not limited to a minimum length. Polypeptides, including the
provided receptors and other polypeptides, e.g., linkers or peptides, may include amino acid
residues ing natural and/or non-natural amino acid residues. The terms also e post-
expression modifications of the polypeptide, for example, glycosylation, sialylation, acetylation,
and orylation. In some aspects, the polypeptides may contain modifications with respect
to a native or natural sequence, as long as the protein ins the d activity. These
modifications may be deliberate, as h site—directed mutagenesis, or may be ntal,
such as through mutations of hosts which produce the proteins or errors due to PCR
amplification.
The inant receptors, such as CARs, expressed by the cells administered to the
subject generally recognize or specifically bind to a molecule that is expressed in, associated
with, and/or specific for the disease or condition or cells thereof being treated. Upon specific
binding to the molecule, e.g., antigen, the receptor generally delivers an immunostimulatory
signal, such as an ITAM-transduced signal, into the cell, thereby ing an immune response
targeted to the disease or condition. For example, in some embodiments, the cells express a
CAR that specifically binds to an antigen expressed by a cell or tissue of the disease or ion
or associated with the disease or condition.
In some contexts, overexpression of a stimulatory factor (for e, a lymphokine
or a cytokine) may be toxic to a subject. Thus, in some contexts, the Viral vector uces into
the cell gene segments that cause the cells to be susceptible to ve selection in vivo, such as
upon administration in adoptive immunotherapy. For example, in some s, following
transduction of the cells with such gene ts, the cells are eliminated as a result of a change
in the in vivo condition of the subject to which they are administered. The negative selectable
phenotype may result from the insertion of a gene that confers sensitivity to an administered
agent, for example, a compound. Negative selectable genes include the Herpes simplex Virus
type I thymidine kinase (HSV-I TK) gene (Wigler et al., Cell II :223, I977) which confers
W0 2016/073602 2015/059030
ganciclovir ivity; the cellular hypoxanthine phosphribosyltransferase (HPRT) gene, the
ar adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) gene, bacterial cytosine deaminase, (Mullen
et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 89:33 (1992)).
Among additional nucleic acids that may be included in the viral vector for
transduction and expression in the cells are those encoding products that improve the efficacy of
therapy, such as by promoting viability and/0r function of transferred cells; provide a genetic
marker for selection and/or evaluation of the cells, such as to assess in vivo survival or
localization, and/or improve safety, for example, by making the cell susceptible to negative
selection in vivo as described by Lupton S. D. et al., Mal. and Cell Biol., 11:6 (1991); and
Riddell et al., Human Gene Therapy 3:319-338 (1992); see also the publications of
PCT/US9l/08442 and PCT/U894/05601 by Lupton et al. describing the use of bifunctional
able fusion genes derived from fusing a dominant positive selectable marker with a
negative selectable marker. See, e.g., Riddell et al., US Patent No. 6,040,177, at s 14—17.
VI. Therapeutic methods and itions
In some aspects, the products of the methods are used in methods of treatment, e.g.,
eutic methods, such as for administrating the cells and compositions to subjects in
adoptive cell therapy. Also provided are such methods and uses of cells processed and produced
by the methods, and pharmaceutical compositions and formulations for use therein. The
provided methods generally involve administering the cells or itions, e.g., output
composition and/or formulated compositions, to subjects.
In some ments, the cells s recombinant receptors, such as CARs, or
other antigen receptors, such as transgenic TCRs, e.g., those transferred in the transduction
methods provided herein. Such cells generally are administered to subjects having a disease or
condition specifically recognized by the receptor. In one embodiment, the cells express a
recombinant receptor or a chimeric receptor, such as an antigen receptor, 6.g. a CAR or a TCR,
that ically binds to a ligand associated with the disease or condition or expressed by a cell
or tissue thereof. For example, in some embodiments, the or is an antigen or and the
ligand is an antigen specific for and/0r associated with the e or condition. The
administration generally effects an improvement in one or more symptoms of the disease or
condition and/or treats or prevents the disease or condition or a symptom thereof. Among the
diseases, conditions, and disorders are tumors, including solid tumors, hematologic
malignancies, and melanomas, and ing localized and metastatic tumors, infectious
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diseases, such as infection with a virus or other pathogen, e.g., HIV, HCV, HBV, CMV, and
parasitic disease, and autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. In some embodiments, the
disease or condition is a tumor, cancer, malignancy, sm, or other proliferative disease or
disorder. Such diseases include but are not limited to leukemia, lymphoma, e.g., chronic
lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), ALL, dgkin’s lymphoma, acute myeloid leukemia,
multiple myeloma, refractory follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, indolent B cell
lymphoma, B cell malignancies, s of the colon, lung, liver, breast, prostate, n, skin,
melanoma, bone, and brain cancer, ovarian cancer, epithelial cancers, renal cell carcinoma,
pancreatic adenocarcinoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, cervical carcinoma, colorectal cancer,
glioblastoma, neuroblastoma, Ewing sarcoma, medulloblastoma, osteosarcoma, synovial
sarcoma, and/or mesothelioma.
In some embodiments, the disease or condition is an infectious disease or condition,
such as, but not limited to, viral, retroviral, ial, and protozoal infections,
immunodeficiency, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein—Barr virus (EBV), adenovirus, BK
polyomavirus. In some embodiments, the disease or condition is an autoimmune or
inflammatory disease or condition, such as arthritis, e.g., rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Type I
diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), inflammatory bowel e, psoriasis,
derma, autoimmune d disease, Grave’ s disease, Crohn’s disease, multiple sclerosis,
, and/or a disease or condition associated with transplant.
In some embodiments, antigen associated with the disease or disorder that is targeted
by the cells or compositions is selected from the group consisting of orphan tyrosine kinase
receptor RORl, tEGFR, Her2, Ll-CAM, CD19, CD20, CD22, mesothelin, CEA, and hepatitis B
surface antigen, anti—folate receptor, CD23, CD24, CD30, CD33, CD38, CD44, EGFR, EGP—2,
EGP-4, 0EPHa2, ErbB2, 3, or 4, FBP, fetal acethycholine 6 receptor, GD2, GD3, HMW-MAA,
IL—22R—alpha, IL—13R—alpha2, kdr, kappa light chain, Lewis Y, Ll—cell on molecule,
MAGE—A1, mesothelin, MUCl, MUC16, PSCA, NKG2D Ligands, —l, MART—1,
gplOO, oncofetal antigen, RORl, TAG72, VEGF-RZ, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), prostate
ic antigen, PSMA, Her2/neu, en receptor, progesterone receptor, ephrinB2, CD123,
CS—l, c-Met, GD-2, and MAGE A3, CE7, Wilms Tumor 1 (WT-1), a cyclin, such as cyclin A1
(CCNAl), and/or biotinylated molecules, and/or molecules sed by HIV, HCV, HBV or
other pathogens.
In some embodiments, the cells or compositions are administered in an amount that
is effective to treat or t the disease or condition, such as a therapeutically effective or
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prophylactically effective amount. Thus, in some embodiments, the methods of administration
include administration of the cells and compositions at effective amounts. Therapeutic or
prophylactic efficacy in some ments is monitored by periodic assessment of treated
subjects. For ed administrations over several days or longer, depending on the ion,
the treatment is repeated until a desired suppression of disease symptoms occurs. However,
other dosage ns may be useful and can be ined.
As used herein, “treatment” (and grammatical variations thereof such as ” or
“treating”) refers to complete or partial amelioration or reduction of a disease or condition or
disorder, or a symptom, e effect or outcome, or phenotype associated therewith.
Desirable s of treatment include, but are not limited to, preventing occurrence or
recurrence of disease, alleviation of symptoms, shment of any direct or indirect
pathological consequences of the disease, preventing metastasis, decreasing the rate of disease
progression, amelioration or palliation of the e state, and remission or improved prognosis.
The terms do not imply complete curing of a disease or complete elimination of any symptom or
effect(s) on all ms or outcomes.
As used herein, “delaying development of a disease" means to defer, hinder, slow,
retard, stabilize, suppress and/or postpone development of the disease (such as ). This
delay can be of varying lengths of time, depending on the history of the disease and/or
individual being treated. As is evident to one skilled in the art, a sufficient or significant delay
can, in effect, encompass prevention, in that the dual does not develop the disease. For
example, a late stage cancer, such as development of metastasis, may be delayed.
nting,” as used herein, includes ing prophylaxis with respect to the
occurrence or recurrence of a e in a subject that may be predisposed to the disease but has
not yet been diagnosed with the disease. In some embodiments, the provided cells and
compositions are used to delay development of a disease or to slow the ssion of a disease.
As used herein, to “suppress” a function or activity is to reduce the function or
activity when compared to otherwise same conditions except for a condition or parameter of
interest, or alternatively, as compared to another condition. For example, cells that suppress
tumor growth reduce the rate of growth of the tumor compared to the rate of growth of the tumor
in the absence of the cells.
An “effective amount” of an agent, e.g., a pharmaceutical formulation, cells, or
composition, in the context of administration, refers to an amount effective, at dosages/amounts
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and for periods of time necessary, to achieve a desired result, such as a therapeutic or
prophylactic result.
A “therapeutically effective amount” of an agent, e.g., a pharmaceutical formulation
or cells, refers to an amount effective, at dosages and for periods of time necessary, to achieve a
desired therapeutic result, such as for treatment of a disease, condition, or disorder, and/or
pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic effect of the treatment. The therapeutically effective
amount may vary ing to factors such as the disease state, age, sex, and weight of the
t, and the populations of cells administered.
A “prophylactically ive amount” refers to an amount ive, at dosages and
for periods of time necessary, to e the desired prophylactic result. Typically but not
necessarily, since a prophylactic dose is used in subjects prior to or at an earlier stage of disease,
the prophylactically effective amount will be less than the therapeutically effective amount.
Methods for administration of cells for adoptive cell therapy are known and may be
used in connection with the ed methods and compositions. For example, adoptive T cell
therapy methods are described, e.g., in US Patent Application ation No. 2003/0170238 to
Gruenberg et al; US Patent No. 4,690,915 to Rosenberg; Rosenberg (2011) Nat Rev Clin Oncol.
8(10):577—85). See, e.g., i et al. (2013) Nat Biotechnol. 31(10): 928—933; Tsukahara et
al. (2013) Biochem Biophys Res Commun 438(1): 84-9; Davila et al. (2013) PLoS ONE 8(4):
e61338.
In some embodiments, cell therapy, e.g., adoptive cell therapy, e.g., adoptive T cell
therapy, is carried out by autologous transfer, in which the cells are isolated and/or otherwise
prepared from the subject who is to receive the cell therapy, or from a sample derived from such
a subject. Thus, in some aspects, the cells are derived from a subject, e.g., patient, in need of a
ent and the cells, and following isolation and processing the cells are administered to the
same subject.
In some embodiments, the cell therapy, e.g., adoptive cell y, e.g., adoptive T
cell therapy, is carried out by allogeneic transfer, in which the cells are isolated and/or ise
prepared from a subject other than a subject who is to receive or who ultimately receives the cell
therapy, e.g., a first t. In such embodiments, the cells then are stered to a different
subject, e.g., a second subject, of the same species. In some embodiments, the first and second
ts are genetically identical. In some embodiments, the first and second subjects are
genetically similar. In some embodiments, the second subject expresses the same HLA class or
ype as the first subject.
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The cells can be administered by any suitable means, for e, by bolus infusion,
by injection, e.g., intravenous or subcutaneous ions, intraocular injection, periocular
injection, subretinal injection, intravitreal injection, trans-septal injection, subscleral injection,
intrachoroidal ion, intracameral injection, subconjectval injection, subconjuntival injection,
sub—Tenon's injection, retrobulbar injection, peribulbar injection, or posterior juxtascleral
delivery. In some embodiments, they are administered by parenteral, intrapulmonary, and
intranasal, and, if desired for local treatment, esional administration. Parenteral infusions
include intramuscular, enous, rterial, intraperitoneal, or subcutaneous administration.
In some embodiments, a given dose is administered by a single bolus administration of the cells,
by multiple bolus administrations of the cells, or by continuous infusion administration of the
cells.
For the prevention or treatment of disease, the riate dosage may depend on the
type of disease to be treated, the type of cells or recombinant receptors, the severity and course
of the disease, whether the cells are administered for preventive or therapeutic purposes,
previous therapy, the subject's clinical y and response to the cells, and the discretion of the
attending physician. The compositions and cells are in some embodiments suitably administered
to the subject at one time or over a series of treatments.
In some ments, the cells are administered as part of a combination treatment,
such as aneously with or sequentially with, in any order, another therapeutic intervention,
such as an antibody or engineered cell or receptor or agent, such as a cytotoxic or therapeutic
agent. The cells in some embodiments are co-administered with one or more additional
therapeutic agents or in connection with another therapeutic intervention, either simultaneously
or sequentially in any order. In some contexts, the cells are co—administered with another therapy
sufficiently close in time such that the cell populations enhance the effect of one or more
additional therapeutic agents, or vice versa. In some embodiments, the cells are administered
prior to the one or more additional therapeutic . In some embodiments, the cells are
administered after the one or more onal therapeutic agents. In some embodiments, the one
or more additional agents es a ne, such as IL—2, for example, to enhance persistence.
Once the cells are administered to the subject (e.g., human), the biological activity of
the cell populations in some aspects is measured by any of a number of known s.
Parameters to assess include specific binding of the cells to antigen, in vivo, e.g., by imaging, or
ex vivo, e.g., by ELISA or flow try. In certain embodiments, the ability of the cells to
destroy target cells can be measured using any suitable method known in the art, such as
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cytotoxicity assays described in, for example, Kochenderfer et a1., J . Immunotherapy, 32(7):
689—702 , and Herman et al. J. Immunological Methods, 285(1): 25—40 (2004). In certain
embodiments, the biological activity of the cells also can be measured by assaying expression
and/or ion of certain cytokines, such as CD 107a, IFNy, IL—2, and TNF. In some aspects
the biological activity is measured by assessing clinical outcome, such as reduction in tumor
burden or load. In some aspects, toxic es, persistence and/or expansion of the cells,
and/or ce or absence of a host immune se, are assessed.
In certain embodiments, the cells are modified in any number of ways, such that their
therapeutic or prophylactic efficacy is increased. For example, the engineered CAR or TCR
expressed by the population can be conjugated either ly or indirectly through a linker to a
targeting moiety. The practice of conjugating compounds, e.g., the CAR or TCR, to targeting
moieties is known in the art. See, for instance, Wadwa et al., J. Drug ing 3: 1 1 1 (1995),
and US. Patent 5,087,616.
Also provided are ceutical compositions or formulations for use in such
methods, which in some ments are formulated in connection with the provided
processing methods, such as in the closed system in which other processing steps are carried out,
such as in an automated or partially automated fashion.
In some embodiments, the cells and compositions are administered to a subject in the
form of a pharmaceutical composition or formulation, such as a composition sing the
cells or cell populations and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
The term “pharmaceutical formulation” refers to a preparation which is in such form
as to permit the biological activity of an active ient contained therein to be effective, and
which contains no additional components which are unacceptably toxic to a subject to which the
formulation would be administered.
The ceutical compositions in some embodiments additionally se other
pharmaceutically active agents or drugs, such as chemotherapeutic agents, e.g., asparaginase,
busulfan, carboplatin, cisplatin, daunorubicin, doxorubicin, fluorouracil, gemcitabine,
hydroxyurea, methotrexate, paclitaxel, rituximab, vinblastine, vincristine, etc. In some
ments, the agents are administered in the form of a salt, e.g., a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt. Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts e those derived
from l acids, such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, phosphoric, metaphosphoric, nitric, and
sulphuric acids, and organic acids, such as tartaric, acetic, citric, malic, lactic, fumaric, benzoic,
glycolic, gluconic, succinic, and arylsulphonic acids, for example, p-toluenesulphonic acid.
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A “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” refers to an ingredient in a pharmaceutical
formulation, other than an active ingredient, which is nontoxic to a subject. A pharmaceutically
acceptable carrier includes, but is not limited to, a buffer, excipient, stabilizer, or preservative.
In some aspects, the choice of carrier is determined in part by the particular cell
and/or by the method of administration. Accordingly, there are a variety of suitable
formulations. For example, the pharmaceutical composition can contain preservatives. Suitable
preservatives may include, for example, methylparaben, propylparaben, sodium benzoate, and
benzalkonium chloride. In some aspects, a mixture of two or more vatives is used. The
preservative or mixtures thereof are typically present in an amount of about 0.0001% to about
2% by weight of the total composition. Carriers are described, e.g., by ton's
Pharmaceutical Sciences 16th n, Osol, A. Ed. (1980). Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers
are generally nontoxic to recipients at the s and trations employed, and include,
but are not limited to: s such as phosphate, e, and other organic acids; antioxidants
including ascorbic acid and methionine; preservatives (such as octadecyldimethylbenzyl
ammonium chloride; hexamethonium chloride; konium chloride; benzethonium de;
phenol, butyl or benzyl alcohol; alkyl parabens such as methyl or propyl paraben; catechol;
inol; cyclohexanol; 3-pentanol; and m—cresol); low molecular weight (less than about 10
residues) polypeptides; proteins, such as serum albumin, gelatin, or immunoglobulins;
hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone; amino acids such as glycine, glutamine,
gine, histidine, arginine, or lysine; monosaccharides, disaccharides, and other
carbohydrates including glucose, mannose, or dextrins; chelating agents such as EDTA; sugars
such as sucrose, mannitol, trehalose or ol; salt-forming counter-ions such as sodium; metal
complexes (e.g. Zn—protein complexes); and/or non—ionic surfactants such as polyethylene glycol
(PEG).
Buffering agents in some aspects are included in the compositions. Suitable
buffering agents include, for example, citric acid, sodium citrate, phosphoric acid, potassium
phosphate, and various other acids and salts. In some aspects, a mixture of two or more
buffering agents is used. The buffering agent or mixtures thereof are typically present in an
amount of about 0.001% to about 4% by weight of the total composition. Methods for preparing
administrable ceutical compositions are known. ary methods are described in
more detail in, for example, Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins; 21st ed. (May 1, 2005).
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The formulations can include s solutions. The formulation or composition
may also contain more than one active ingredient useful for the particular indication, disease, or
condition being treated with the cells, preferably those with activities complementary to the
cells, Where the respective activities do not adversely affect one another. Such active
ingredients are suitably present in combination in amounts that are effective for the purpose
intended. Thus, in some embodiments, the pharmaceutical ition further includes other
pharmaceutically active agents or drugs, such as chemotherapeutic agents, e.g., asparaginase,
busulfan, carboplatin, cisplatin, daunorubicin, doxorubicin, fluorouracil, gemcitabine,
yurea, methotrexate, paclitaxel, rituximab, Vinblastine, and/or vincristine.
The pharmaceutical composition in some embodiments contains the cells in amounts
effective to treat or prevent the disease or condition, such as a therapeutically ive or
lactically effective amount. Therapeutic or prophylactic efficacy in some embodiments is
red by periodic ment of treated subjects. The desired dosage can be red by a
single bolus administration of the cells, by multiple bolus administrations of the cells, or by
continuous infusion administration of the cells.
The cells and compositions may be administered using standard administration
techniques, formulations, and/or s. Administration of the cells can be autologous or
logous. For example, immunoresponsive cells or progenitors can be obtained from one
subject, and administered to the same subject or a different, compatible subject. Peripheral blood
derived immunoresponsive cells or their progeny (e.g., in vivo, ex vivo or in vitro derived) can
be administered Via localized injection, including catheter administration, systemic injection,
localized injection, intravenous injection, or parenteral administration. When stering a
therapeutic composition (e.g., a pharmaceutical composition containing a genetically modified
immunoresponsive cell), it will generally be formulated in a unit dosage able form
(solution, suspension, emulsion).
Formulations include those for oral, intravenous, intraperitoneal, aneous,
pulmonary, ermal, intramuscular, intranasal, buccal, sublingual, or suppository
administration. In some ments, the cell populations are administered parenterally. The
term “parenteral,” as used herein, includes intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, rectal,
vaginal, and intraperitoneal administration. In some embodiments, the cells are administered to
the subject using eral systemic delivery by intravenous, intraperitoneal, or aneous
injection.
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Compositions in some embodiments are provided as sterile liquid preparations, e.g.,
isotonic aqueous ons, suspensions, emulsions, dispersions, or viscous compositions, which
may in some aspects be buffered to a selected pH. Liquid preparations are normally easier to
prepare than gels, other viscous compositions, and solid compositions. Additionally, liquid
compositions are somewhat more ient to administer, ally by ion. Viscous
compositions, on the other hand, can be formulated within the appropriate viscosity range to
provide longer contact s with specific tissues. Liquid or viscous compositions can
se carriers, which can be a solvent or dispersing medium containing, for example, water,
saline, phosphate buffered saline, polyoi (for example, ol, propylene glycol, liquid
polyethylene glycol) and suitable mixtures thereof.
e injectable solutions can be prepared by incorporating the cells in a solvent,
such as in admixture with a suitable carrier, diluent, or excipient such as sterile water,
physiological saline, glucose, se, or the like. The compositions can contain auxiliary
nces such as wetting, dispersing, or emulsifying agents (e.g., methylcellulose), pH
buffering agents, gelling or viscosity enhancing additives, preservatives, flavoring agents, and/or
colors, ing upon the route of administration and the preparation d. Standard texts
may in some aspects be consulted to e suitable preparations.
Various additives which enhance the ity and sterility of the compositions,
including antimicrobial preservatives, antioxidants, chelating agents, and s, can be added.
Prevention of the action of microorganisms can be ensured by various antibacterial and
antifungal agents, for example, parabens, chlorobutanol, phenol, and sorbic acid. Prolonged
absorption of the injectable pharmaceutical form can be brought about by the use of agents
delaying absorption, for example, um monostearate and gelatin.
The formulations to be used for in vivo administration are generally sterile. Sterility
may be readily accomplished, e.g., by filtration through sterile filtration membranes.
Among the processing steps may include formulating such compositions.
As used herein, the singular forms 65 a: 5;
a an,” and “the” include plural referents unless
the context clearly dictates otherwise. For example, “a” or “an” means “at least one” or “one or
more.” It is understood that aspects and ions described herein include “consisting” and/or
“consisting essentially of” aspects and variations.
Throughout this disclosure, s aspects of the claimed subject matter are
presented in a range format. It should be understood that the description in range format is
merely for convenience and brevity and should not be constcued as an inflexible limitation on
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the scope of the claimed subject matter. Accordingly, the description of a range should be
considered to have specifically disclosed all the possible sub—ranges as well as dual
numerical values within that range. For example, where a range of values is provided, it is
understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range and any
other stated or intervening value in that stated range is encompassed within the d subject
matter. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may ndently be included in
the smaller ranges, and are also encompassed within the claimed subject matter, subject to any
ically excluded limit in the stated range. Where the stated range includes one or both of
the limits, ranges excluding either or both of those included limits are also included in the
d subject matter. This applies regardless of the breadth of the range.
The term “about” as used herein refers to the usual error range for the respective
value readily known to the skilled person in this technical field. Reference to “about” a value or
parameter herein includes (and describes) embodiments that are ed to that value or
ter per se. For example, ption referring to “about X” includes description of “X”.
As used herein, a composition refers to any mixture of two or more products,
substances, or compounds, including cells. It may be a solution, a suspension, liquid, powder, a
paste, s, non—aqueous or any ation thereof.
As used herein, a statement that a cell or population of cells is “positive” for a
particular marker refers to the detectable presence on or in the cell of a ular marker,
typically a surface marker. When referring to a surface marker, the term refers to the presence
of surface expression as detected by flow cytometry, for e, by staining with an antibody
that specifically binds to the marker and detecting said antibody, wherein the staining is
detectable by flow cytometry at a level substantially above the staining detected carrying out the
same procedure with an isotype-matched control under otherwise identical conditions and/or at a
level substantially similar to that for cell known to be positive for the , and/or at a level
substantially higher than that for a cell known to be negative for the marker.
As used herein, a statement that a cell or population of cells is “negative” for a
particular marker refers to the absence of substantial able presence on or in the cell of a
particular marker, typically a surface marker. When referring to a surface marker, the term
refers to the absence of surface expression as detected by flow try, for example, by
staining with an antibody that specifically binds to the marker and detecting said antibody,
wherein the staining is not detected by flow cytometry at a level substantially above the staining
detected carrying out the same procedure with an isotype-matched control under otherwise
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identical conditions, and/or at a level substantially lower than that for cell known to be positive
for the marker, and/or at a level substantially similar as compared to that for a cell known to be
negative for the marker.
VII. Exemplary Embodiments
Among the embodiments provided herein are:
l. A transduction method, comprising incubating, in an internal cavity of a
centrifugal chamber, an input composition comprising cells and viral particles containing a
recombinant viral vector, wherein
said centrifugal r is rotatable around an axis of rotation and comprises an end
wall, a substantially rigid side wall extending from said end wall, and at least one g, at
least a n of said side wall surrounding said internal cavity and said at least one opening
being e of permitting intake of liquid into said internal cavity and expression of liquid
from said cavity;
the centrifugal chamber is rotating around said axis of rotation during at least a portion of
the incubation; and
the method generates an output composition comprising a plurality of the cells
transduced with the viral vector.
2. A transduction method, comprising ting, in an internal cavity of a
centrifugal chamber, an input composition comprising cells and a viral particle containing a
recombinant viral vector,
said centrifugal chamber being rotatable around an axis of rotation and comprising an
end wall, a substantially rigid side wall extending from said end wall, and at least one opening,
wherein at least a portion of said side wall surrounds said internal cavity and said at least one
opening is capable of permitting intake of liquid into said internal cavity and expression of
liquid from said cavity, wherein:
the centrifugal chamber is ng around the axis of rotation during at least a n of
the tion;
the total liquid volume of said input composition present in said cavity during rotation of
said fugal chamber is no more than about 5 mL per square inch of the internal surface area
of the cavity; and
the method tes an output composition sing a plurality of the cells
transduced with the viral vector.
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3. The method of embodiment 1 or embodiment 2, wherein said rotating ses
rotation at a relative centrifugal force (RCF) at an internal surface of the side wall of the cavity
and/or at a surface layer of the cells of greater than at or about 200 g, greater than at or about
300 g, or greater than at or about 500 g.
4. The method of any of embodiments 1—3, wherein said rotating ses rotation
at a relative centrifugal force at an internal surface of the side wall of the cavity and/or at a
surface layer of the cells that is:
at or about 600 g, 800 g, 1000 g, 1100 g, 1600 g, 2000 g, 2100 g, 2200 g, 2500 g or 3000
g; or
at least at or about 600 g, 800 g, 1000 g, 1100 g, 1600 g, 2000 g, 2100 g, 2200 g, 2500 g
or 3000 g.
. The method of any of ments 1-4, wherein said rotating comprises rotation
at a relative centrifugal force at an internal e of the side wall of the cavity and/or at a
surface layer of the cells that is between or between about 500 g and 2500 g, 500 g and 2000 g
500 g and 1600 g, 500 g an 1000 g, 600 g and 1600 g, 600 g and 1000 g, 1000 g and 2000 g or
1000 g and 1600 g, each inclusive.
6. The method of any of embodiments 1—5, wherein the at least a portion of the
incubation during which the chamber is rotating is for a time that is:
greater than or about 5 minutes, greater than or about 10 minutes, greater than or about
minutes, greater than or about 20 minutes, greater than or about 30 s, greater than or
about 45 minutes, greater than or about 60 minutes, greater than or about 90 minutes or greater
than or about 120 s; or
between or between about 5 minutes and 60 minutes, 10 minutes and 60 minutes, 15
minutes and 60 minutes, 15 minutes and 45 minutes, 30 minutes and 60 minutes or 45 minutes
and 60 minutes, each inclusive.
7. The transduction method of any of ments 1—6, wherein said centrifugal
chamber r comprises a movable member and said al cavity is a cavity of variable
volume defined by said end wall, said substantially rigid side wall, and said movable member,
said movable member being capable of moving within the chamber to vary the internal volume
of the .
8. The method of any of embodiments 1-7, wherein said side wall is curvilinear.
9. The method of embodiment 8, wherein said side wall is generally cylindrical.
. The method of any of embodiments 7-9, wherein:
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the movable member is a piston; and/or
the movable member is capable of axially moving within the chamber to vary the
internal volume of the cavity.
ll. The method of any of embodiments l—lO, n
said at least one opening comprises an inlet and an outlet, respectively e of
ting said intake and expression; or
said at least one opening comprises a single inlet/outlet, capable of permitting said intake
and said expression.
12. The method of any of embodiments l-l 1, wherein said at least one opening is
coaxial with the chamber and is located in the end wall.
13. The method of any of embodiments l—l2, wherein:
the internal surface area of said cavity is at least at or about 1 x 109 umz;
the al surface area of said cavity is at least at or about 1 x 1010 umz;
the length of said rigid wall in the direction extending from said end wall is at least about
cm;
the length of said rigid wall in the direction extending from said end wall is at least about
8 cm; and/or
the cavity comprises a radius of at least about 2 cm at at least one cross-section.
14. The method of any of embodiments l-l3, wherein:
the average liquid volume of said input composition present in said cavity during said
incubation is no more than about 5 milliliters (mL) per square inch of the internal e area of
the cavity during said incubation;
the maximum liquid volume of said input composition present in said cavity at any one
time during said incubation is no more than about 5 mL per square inch of the m internal
surface area of the cavity;
the average liquid volume of said input composition t in said cavity during said
incubation is no more than about 2.5 milliliters (mL) per square inch of the internal surface area
of the cavity during said incubation; or
the maximum liquid volume of said input composition present in said cavity at any one
time during said incubation is no more than about 2.5 mL per square inch of the maximum
internal surface area of the cavity.
. The method of any of embodiments 1—14, wherein the liquid volume of said input
composition present in said cavity during said rotation is between or between about 0.5 mL per
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square inch of the al surface area of the cavity (mL/sq.in) and 5 mL/sq.in, 0.5 mL/sq.in.
and 2.5 mL/sq.in., 0.5 mL/sq.in. and 1 mL/sq.in., 1 mL/sq.in. and 5 mL/sq.in., 1 mL/sq.in. and
2.5 mL/sq.in. or 2.5 mL/sq.in. and 5 in.
16. The method of any of embodiments 1—15, wherein:
the number of said cells in said input composition is at or about the number of said cells
sufficient to form a monolayer on the e of said cavity during rotation of said centrifugal
chamber at a force of at or about 1000 g or at or about 2000 g at an internal surface of the side
wall and/or at a surface layer of the cells; and/or
the number of said cells in said input composition is no more than 1.5 times or 2 times
the number of said cells sufficient to form a monolayer on the surface of said cavity during
rotation of said centrifugal chamber at a force of at or about 1000 g or at or about 2000 g at an
internal surface of the side wall and/or at a surface layer of the cells.
17. The method of any of embodiments 1—16, wherein
said input composition in the cavity comprises at least at or about 1 X 106 of said cells; or
said input ition in the cavity comprises at least at or about 5 X 106 of said cells; or
said input composition in the cavity comprises at least at or about 1 X 107 of said cells; or
said input composition in the cavity comprises at least at or about 1 X 108 of said cells.
18. The method of any of embodiments 1-17, wherein said input composition in the
cavity ses at least at or about 1 X 107 of said cells, at least at or about 2 X 107 of said cells,
at least at or about 3 X 107 of said cells, at least at or about 4 X 107 of said cells, at least at or
about 5 X 107 of said cells, at least at or about 6 X 107 of said cells, at least at or about 7 X 107 of
said cells, at least at or about 8 X 107 of said cells, at least at or about 9 X 107 of said cells, at least
at or about 1 X 108 of said cells, at least at or about 2 X 108 of said cells, at least at or about 3 X
108 of said cells or at least at or about 4 X 108 of said cells.
19. The method of any of embodiments 1—18, wherein:
said input composition comprises at least at or about 1 infectious unit (IU) of viral
particles per one of said cells, at least at or about 2 IU per one of said cells, at least at or about 3
IU per one of said cells, at least at or about 4 lU per one of said cells, at least at or about 5 IU
per one of said cells, at least at or about 10 IU per one of said cells, at least at or about 20 IU per
one of said cells, at least at or about 30 IU per one of said cells, at least at or about 40 IU per one
of said cells, at least at or about 50 IU per one of said cells, or at least at or about 60 IU per one
of said cells; or
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said input composition comprises at or about 1 infectious unit (IU) of Viral particles per
one of said cells, at or about 2 IU per one of said cells, at or about 3 IU per one of said cells, at
or about 4 IU per one of said cells, at or about 5 IU per one of said cells, at or about 10 IU per
one of said cells, at or about 20 IU per one of said cells, at or about 30 IU per one of said cells,
at or about 40 IU per one of said cells, at or about 50 IU per one of said cells, or at or about 60
IU per one of said cells.
. The method of any of embodiments l-l9, wherein:
the maximum total liquid volume of said input composition t in said cavity at any
one time during said incubation is no more than 2 times, no more than 10 times, or no more than
100 times, the total volume of said cells in said cavity or the average volume of the input
ition over the course of the incubation is no more than 2, 10, or 100 times the total
volume of cells in the cavity.
21. The method of any of embodiments l—20, n the maximum volume of said
input composition present in said cavity at any one time during said incubation or the average
volume over the course of the incubation is no more than at or about 2 times, 10 times, 25 times,
50 times, 100 times, 500 times, or 1000 times the volume of a monolayer of said cells formed on
the inner surface of said cavity during rotation of said chamber at a force of at or about 1000 g
or at or about 2000 g at an internal surface of the side wall and/or at a surface layer of the cells.
22. The method of any of ments l-2l, wherein the liquid volume of the input
composition is no more than 20 mL, no more than 40 mL, no more than 50 mL, no more than 70
mL, no more than 100 mL, no more than 120 mL, no more than 150 mL or no more than 200
23. The method of any of embodiments l—22, wherein the input composition
occupies all or substantially all of the volume of the internal cavity during at least a portion of
said incubation.
24. The method of any of embodiments l—23, wherein, during at least a portion of the
incubation in the chamber or during the rotation of the chamber, the liquid volume of the input
composition es only a n of the volume of the internal cavity of the chamber, the
volume of the cavity during said at least a portion or during said rotation further comprising a
gas, said gas taken into said cavity Via said at least one opening, prior to or during said
incubation.
. The method of embodiment 24, wherein the centrifugal chamber comprises a
movable , whereby intake of gas into the centrifugal chamber effects movement of the
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movable member to increase the volume of the internal cavity of the chamber, thereby
decreasing the total liquid volume of said input composition present in said cavity during
rotation of said fugal chamber per square inch of the al surface area of the cavity
compared to the absence of gas in the r.
26. A method of transduction, sing:
a) providing to an internal cavity of a centrifugal chamber that has an internal surface
area of at least at or about 1 x 109 pm2 or at least at or about 1 x 1010 umzz
i) an input ition comprising cells and viral particles comprising a
recombinant viral vector, wherein:
the number of cells in the input composition is at least 1 x 107 cells, and
the viral particles are present in the input composition at at least at or
about 1 infectious unit (IU) per one of said cells, and
the input composition comprises a liquid volume that is less than the
maximum volume of the internal cavity of the fugal chamber; and
ii) gas at a volume that is up to the remainder of the maximum volume of the
internal cavity of the centrifugal chamber; and
b) incubating the input composition, n at least a portion of the incubation is
carried out in said internal cavity of said centrifugal chamber while effecting rotation of said
centrifugal chamber; and
wherein the method generates an output ition comprising a plurality of the cells
transduced with the viral vector.
27. The method of embodiment 26, wherein:
the number of cells is at least at or about 50 x 106 cells; 100 x 106 cells; or 200 x 106
cells; and/or
the viral particles are present at at least 1.6 IU/cell, 1.8 IU/cell, 2.0 IU/cell, 2.4 IU/cell,
2.8 IU/cell, 3.2 IU/cell or 3.6 IU/cell, 4.0 IU/cell, 5.0 IU/cell, 6.0 IU/cell, 7.0 IU/cell, 8.0 IU/cell,
9.0 IU/Cell or 10.0 IU/cell.
28. The method of embodiment 26 or embodiment 27, wherein:
the liquid volume of the input composition is less than or equal to 200 mL, less than or
equal to 100 mL, less than or equal to 50 mL or less than or equal to 20 mL; and/or
the liquid volume of the input composition is no more than 50%, no more than 40%, no
more than 30%, no more than 20%, or no more than 10% of the volume of the internal surface
area of the cavity during rotation or the maximum internal surface area of the cavity.
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29. The method of any of embodiments 26—28, wherein the volume of gas is up to
200 mL, up to 180 mL, up to 140 mL or up to 100 mL.
. The method of any of embodiments 26-29, wherein said rotation is at a relative
centrifugal force at an internal surface of the side wall of the cavity or at a surface layer of the
cells of at least at or about 600 g, 800 g, 1000 g, 1100 g, 1500 g, 1600 g, 2000 g, 2400 g, 2600g,
2800 g, 3000 g, 3200 g or 3600 g.
31. A method of transduction, comprising incubating an input ition
comprising cells and viral particles comprising a recombinant viral vector, at least a n of
said incubating being carried out under rotating conditions, thereby generating an output
composition comprising a plurality of the cells transduced with the viral vector, wherein:
said input composition comprises greater than or about 20 mL, 50 mL, at least 100 mL,
or at least 150 mL in , and/or said input composition comprises at least 1 X 108 cells; and
said rotating conditions comprise a relative fugal force on a surface layer of the
cells of greater than about 800 g or r than about 1000 g or greater than about 1500 g.
32. The method of embodiment 31, n:
at least 25 % or at least 50 % of said cells in the output composition are transduced with
said viral vector; and/or
at least 25 % or at least 50 % of said cells in the output composition express a product of
a heterologous nucleic acid comprised within said viral vector.
33. The method of embodiment 31 or embodiment 32, wherein said incubation is
carried out in a cavity of a centrifugal chamber and the number of said cells in said input
composition is at or about the number of said cells sufficient to form a monolayer or a bilayer on
the inner surface of said cavity during said rotation.
34. The method of embodiment 33, wherein said centrifugal chamber comprises an
end wall, a substantially rigid side wall extending from said end wall, and at least one opening,
wherein at least a portion of said side wall surrounds said internal cavity and said at least one
opening is capable of permitting intake of fluid into said internal cavity and expression of fluid
from said cavity.
. The method of embodiment 34, wherein said centrifugal chamber further
comprises a e member and said internal cavity is a cavity of variable volume d by
said end wall, said substantially rigid side wall, and said movable member, said movable
member being capable of moving within the r to vary the al volume of the cavity.
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36. The method of any of embodiments l—30 or 33—35, wherein the input ition
in said cavity comprises a liquid volume of at least 20 mL or at least 50 mL and at or about 1
million cells per cm2 of the internal surface area of the cavity during at least a portion of said
tion.
37. The method of any of embodiments l—36, wherein a r portion of the
incubation is carried out outside of the centrifugal chamber and/or without rotation, said further
n carried out subsequent to the at least a portion carried out in the chamber and/or with
rotation.
38. The method of any of embodiments l-37, wherein the at least a portion of the
incubation carried out in the cavity of the centrifugal chamber and/or the r n of the
incubation is effected at or at about 37 °C i 2 °C.
39. The method of embodiment 37 or embodiment 38, wherein the incubation further
comprises transferring at least a plurality of the cells to a container during said incubation and
said r portion of the tion is effected in the container.
40. The method of embodiment 39, wherein the transferring is performed within a
closed system, wherein the centrifugal chamber and container are integral to the closed system.
41. The method of any of embodiments 37—40, wherein:
the incubation is carried out for a time between at or about 1 hour and at or about 96
hours, between at or about 4 hours and at or about 72 hours, between at or about 8 hours and at
or about 48 hours, between at or about 12 hours and at or about 36 hours, between at or about 6
hours and at or about 24 hours, between at or about 36 hours and at or about 96 hours, inclusive;
the further portion of the incubation is carried out for a time between at or about 1 hour
and at or about 96 hours, between at or about 4 hours and at or about 72 hours, between at or
about 8 hours and at or about 48 hours, between at or about 12 hours and at or about 36 hours,
between at or about 6 hours and at or about 24 hours, between at or about 36 hours and at or
about 96 hours, ive.
42. The method of any of embodiments 37—41, wherein:
the incubation is carried out for a time that is no more than 48 hours, no more than 36
hours or no more than 24 hours; or
the further portion of the incubation is carried out for a time that is no more than 48
hours, no more than 36 hours or no more than 24 hours.
43. The method of any of embodiments 37-41, wherein:
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the incubation is performed in the presence of a stimulating agent; and/or
the further portion of the incubation is performed in the presence of a stimulating agent.
44. The method of any of embodiments 37—41, wherein:
the incubation is carried out for a time that is no more than 24 hours;
the cells in the composition have not been subjected to a temperature of greater than 30
°C for more than 24 hours; and/or
the incubation is not performed in the presence of a stimulating agent.
45. The method of ment 43 or embodiment 44, wherein the ating agent is
an agent capable of inducing proliferation of T cells, CD4+ T cells and/0r CD8+ T cells.
46. The method of any of embodiments 43-45, wherein the stimulating agent is a
cytokine selected from among IL—2, IL—15 and IL—7.
47. The method of any of embodiments l-46, wherein the output composition containing
transduced cells comprises at least at or about 1 x 107 cells or at least at or about 5 X 107 cells.
48. The method of embodiment 47, wherein the output composition containing
transduced cells comprises at least at or about 1 X 108 cells, 2 x 108 cells, 4 x 108 cells, 6 x 108, 8
x 108 cells or 1 x 109 cells.
49. The method of embodiment 47 or embodiment 48, wherein the cells are T cells.
50. The method of embodiment 49, wherein the T cells are unfractionated T cells,
isolated CD4+ T cells and/or isolated CD8+ T cells.
51. The method of any of embodiments l—50, wherein the method s in
integration of the Viral vector into a host genome of one or more of the at least a plurality of
cells and/or into a host genome of at least at or about 20 % or at least at or about 30 % or at least
at or about 40 % of the cells in the output ition.
52. The method of any of ments l-51, wherein:
at least 2.5 %, at least 5 %, at least 6 %, at least 8 %, at least 10 %, at least 20 %, at least
%, at least 30 %, at least 40 %, at least 50 %, or at least 75 % of said cells in said input
composition are transduced with said Viral vector by the method; and/or
at least 2.5 %, at least 5 %, at least 6 %, at least 8 %, at least 10 %, at least 20 %, at least
%, at least 30 %, at least 40 %, at least 50 %, or at least 75 % of said cells in said output
composition are transduced with said Viral vector; and/or
at least 2.5 %, at least 5 %, at least 6 %, at least 8 %, at least 10 %, at least 20 %, at least
%, at least 30 %, at least 40 %, at least 50 %, or at least 75 % of said cells in said output
composition s a product of a logous nucleic acid comprised within said Viral vector.
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53. The method of any of embodiments l—52, wherein, for an input composition
comprising a Virus at a ratio of about 1 or about 2 IU per cells, said method is capable of
producing an output composition in which at least 10 %, at least 25 %, at least 30 %, at least 40
%, at least 50 %, or at least 75 % of the cells in said output composition generated by the
method comprise said recombinant viral vector and/or express a product of a recombinant
nucleic acid comprised within said vector.
54. The method of any of ments l-53, wherein:
among all the cells in said output composition that contain the recombinant viral vector
or into which the viral vector is integrated, the e copy number of said recombinant viral
vector is no more than about 10, no more than about 5, no more than about 2.5, or no more than
about 1.5; or
among the cells in the output composition, the average copy number of said vector is no
more than about 2, no more than about 1.5, or no more than about 1.
55. The method of any of embodiments l—30 and 33—54, wherein the centrifugal
chamber is integral to a closed system, said closed system comprising said chamber and at least
one tubing line operably linked to the at least one g via at least one connector, whereby
liquid and gas are permitted to move between said cavity and said at least one tubing line in at
least one configuration of said system.
56. The method of embodiment 55, wherein:
said at least one tubing line comprises a series of tubing lines;
said at least one tor comprises a plurality of connectors; and
said closed system further comprises at least one container operably linked to said series
of tubing lines, the connection permitting liquid and/or gas to pass between said at least one
container and said at least one opening via the series of tubing lines.
57. The method of embodiment 55 or 56, wherein said at least one connector
comprises a connector selected from the group consisting of valves, luer ports, and spikes.
58. The method of any of ments 55-57, n said at least one connector
comprises a rotational valve.
59. The method of embodiment 58, wherein said rotational valve is a stopcock or
multirotational port.
60. The method of any of embodiments 55-59, wherein said at least one connector
comprises an c connector.
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61. The method of any of embodiments 56—60, n said at least one container
comprises a container selected from the group consisting of bags, vials, and syringes.
62. The method of any of embodiments 56-61, wherein said at least one ner
comprises a diluent container, a waste container, a product collection container, and/or an input
product container.
63. The method of any of embodiments 56-62, wherein:
said at least one container comprises at least one input container comprising said viral
vector particles and said cells, a waste container, a product container, and at least one diluent
container, each connected to said cavity via said series of tubing lines and said at least one
opening.
64. The method of embodiment 63, wherein said method further comprises, prior to
and/or during said incubation, effecting intake of said input composition into said cavity, said
intake comprising flowing of liquid from said at least one input container into said cavity
h said at least one opening.
65. The method of any of embodiments 56—64, n at least one container r
comprises a container that comprises a gas prior to and/or during at least a point during said
incubation and/or the closed system further comprises a microbial filter capable of taking in gas
to the internal cavity of the centrifugal chamber and/or the closed system contains a syringe port
for effecting intake of gas.
66. The method of embodiment 65, wherein the method comprises, prior to and/or
during said incubation, providing or effecting intake of gas into said cavity under sterile
conditions, said intake being effected by (a) flow of gas from the container that comprises gas,
(b) flow of gas from an environment external to the closed system, via the microbial , or (c)
flow of gas from a e ted to the system at the syringe port.
67. The method of embodiment 66, wherein the effecting intake of the gas into the
internal cavity of the centrifugal chamber is carried out simultaneously or together with the
effecting intake of the input composition to the internal cavity of the centrifugal chamber.
68. The method of embodiment 66 or ment 67, wherein the input composition
and gas are combined in a single container under sterile conditions outside of the chamber prior
to said intake of said input ition and gas into the internal cavity of the centrifugal
chamber.
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69. The method of embodiment 68, wherein the effecting of the intake of the gas is
carried out tely, either simultaneously or sequentially, from the effecting of the intake of
the input composition into said cavity.
70. The method of any of embodiments 66—69, wherein the intake of gas is effected
by permitting or causing flow of the gas from a sterile closed container comprising the gas, an
external environment through a microbial filter, or a syringe comprising said gas.
7 l. The method of any of ments 24-70, wherein the gas is air.
72. The method of any of embodiments l—7l, wherein the incubation is part of a
continuous process, the method further comprising:
during at least a portion of said tion, effecting continuous intake of said input
composition into said cavity during rotation of the chamber; and
during a portion of said tion, effecting uous expression of liquid from said
cavity through said at least one opening during rotation of the chamber.
73. The method of embodiment 72, further sing:
during a portion of said tion, ing continuous intake of gas into said cavity
during rotation of the chamber; and/or
during a portion of said incubation, effecting continuous expression of gas from said
cavity.
74. The method of embodiment 73, wherein the method comprises the expression of
liquid and the expression of gas from said cavity, where each is sed, simultaneously or
sequentially, into a different container.
75. The method of any of embodiments 72-74, n at least a portion of the
continuous intake and the continuous expression occur simultaneously.
76. The method of any of embodiments 1—75, wherein the incubation is part of a
semi-continuous process, the method further comprising:
prior to said incubation, effecting intake of said input composition, and optionally gas,
into said cavity through said at least one opening;
subsequent to said incubation, effecting sion of liquid and/0r optionally gas from
said cavity;
effecting intake of another input composition comprising cells and said viral particles
containing a recombinant viral vector, and ally gas, into said internal cavity; and
incubating said another input composition in said internal cavity,
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wherein the method generates another output composition comprising a plurality of cells
of the another input ition that are transduced with said viral vector.
77. The method of any of embodiments 64-76, wherein said providing or said intake
of the input composition into the cavity comprises:
intake of a single composition comprising the cells and the viral particles containing the
recombinant viral vector; or
intake of a composition comprising the cells and a separate composition sing the
viral les containing the recombinant viral vector, whereby the compositions are mixed,
effecting intake of the input composition.
78. The method of embodiment 64-77, n the method further comprises:
effecting on of said centrifugal chamber prior to and/or during said incubation;
effecting expression of liquid from said cavity into said waste container following said
incubation;
effecting expression of liquid from said at least one diluent container into said cavity via
said at least one opening and effecting mixing of the contents of said ; and
effecting expression of liquid from said cavity into said product container, y
transferring cells transduced with the viral vector into said product container.
79. The method of any of embodiments 1—78, further comprising:
(a) washing a biological sample comprising said cells in an internal cavity of a
fugal chamber prior to said incubation; and/or
(b) isolating said cells from a biological sample, wherein at least a portion of the
isolation step is performed in an internal cavity of a centrifugal chamber prior to said incubation;
and/or
(0) stimulating cells prior to and/or during said incubation, said stimulating comprising
exposing said cells to stimulating conditions, thereby ng cells of the input composition to
proliferate, wherein at least a portion of the step of stimulating cells is performed in an internal
cavity of a centrifugal r.
80. The method of embodiment 79, wherein said isolating comprises carrying out
immunoaffinity—based selection.
81. The method of embodiment 79 or 80, wherein said stimulating conditions
comprise the presence of an agent capable of activating one or more intracellular signaling
domains of one or more components of a TCR complex.
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82. The method of embodiment 81, wherein said agent comprises a primary agent
that specifically binds to a member of a TCR complex and a secondary agent that ically
binds to a T cell costimulatory le.
83. The method of embodiment 82, wherein the primary agent ically binds to
CD3; and/or
the costimulatory molecule is selected from the group consisting of CD28, CD137 (4
BB), 0X40, or ICOS.
84. The method of embodiment 83, wherein said primary and secondary agents
se antibodies and/or are present on the surface of a solid support.
85. The method of any of ments 79-84, wherein said biological sample in (a)
and/or in (b) is or comprises a whole blood sample, a buffy coat sample, a peripheral blood
mononuclear cells (PBMC) sample, an unfractionated T cell , a lymphocyte sample, a
white blood cell sample, an apheresis product, or a leukapheresis product.
86. The method of any of ments 1—85, further comprising formulating cells
transduced by the method in a pharmaceutically acceptable buffer in an internal cavity of a
centrifugal chamber, thereby producing a formulath ition.
87. The method of embodiment 86, further comprising effecting expression of the
formulated composition to one or a plurality of containers.
88. The method of embodiment 87, wherein the effecting of expression of the
formulated composition comprises effecting expression of a number of the cells t in a
single unit dose to one or each of said one or a plurality of containers.
89. The method of any of embodiments 79-88, wherein each of said a cavity of a
centrifugal chamber is the same or different as a cavity of a centrifugal employed in one or more
of the other steps and/or in the process of incubating and/or rotating an input ition
ning cells and viral particles.
90. The method of any of embodiments 79—89, wherein each of said centrifugal
chambers is integral to a closed system, said closed system comprising said chamber and at least
one tubing line operably linked to the at least one opening via at least one connector, whereby
liquid and gas are permitted to move between said cavity and said at least one tubing line in at
least one configuration of said system.
91. The method of any of embodiments 1-90, wherein said cells in said input
composition are primary cells.
92. The method of any of embodiments 1—91, wherein:
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said cells in said input composition comprise suspension cells;
said cells in said input composition compiise white blood cells; and/or
said cells in said input composition se T cells or NK cells.
93. The method of any of embodiments l—92, wherein said cells in said input
composition are unfractionated T cells, isolated CD8+ T cells, or isolated CD4+ T cells.
94. The method of any of embodiments l-93, wherein said cells in said input
composition are human cells.
95. The method of any of embodiments 7—94, wherein, during said tion, said
centrifugal chamber is associated with a sensor, said sensor capable of monitoring the position
of said movable member, and control circuitry, said circuitry capable of receiving and
transmitting information to and from said sensor and causing movement of said movable
member, said control circuitry further associated with a fuge capable of causing rotation of
said chamber during said incubation.
96. The method of any of embodiments 7—95, wherein said chamber comprises said
movable member and during said incubation, said centrifugal chamber is located within a
centrifuge and associated with a sensor, said sensor capable of monitoring the position of said
movable member, and control circuitry capable of receiving and transmitting information from
said sensor and causing movement of said movable member, intake and expression of liquid
and/or gas to and from said cavity via said one or more tubing lines, and rotation of said
chamber via said fuge.
97. The method of embodiment 95 or embodiment 96, wherein said r, said
control circuitry, said fuge, and said sensor are housed within a cabinet during said
incubation.
98. The method of any of ments 1—97, wherein said recombinant viral vector
encodes a recombinant receptor, which is thereby expressed by cells of the output ition.
99. The method of ment 98, wherein said recombinant receptor is a
recombinant antigen receptor.
100. The method of embodiment 99, wherein said inant antigen receptor is a
functional non—T cell receptor.
101. The method of embodiment 100, wherein said functional non—T cell receptor is a
chimeric antigen receptor (CAR).
102. The method of embodiment 99, wherein said inant antigen receptor is a
transgenic T cell receptor (TCR).
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103. The method of embodiment 99, wherein said recombinant receptor is a chimeric
receptor comprising an extracellular portion that specifically binds to a ligand and an
intracellular signaling portion containing an activating domain and a costimulatory domain.
104. The method of any of embodiments 1—103, wherein:
the cells comprise primary human T cells obtained from a human subject; and
prior to said incubation and/or prior to completion of said transduction and/or, where the
method includes formulation, prior to the formulation, the primary human T cells have not been
present externally to the subject at a temperature of greater than 30°C for greater than 1 hour,
greater than 6 hours, r than 24 hours, or greater than 48 hours; or
prior to said incubation and/or prior to the completion of the transduction, and/or where
the method includes formulation, prior to the formulation, the y human T cells have not
been incubated in the presence of an antibody specific for CD3 and/or an antibody specific for
CD28 and/or a cytokine, for greater than 1 hour, greater than 6 hours, r than 24 hours, or
greater than 48 hours.
105. A method for selection, the method comprising:
(a) incubating a selection reagent and primary cells in an internal cavity of a
centrifugal chamber under mixing ions, y a plurality of the primary cells bind to
said selection reagent; and
(b) ting said ity of said primary cells from another one or more of the
y cells based on binding to the ion reagent,
thereby enriching the primary cells based on binding to the selection reagent,
wherein said centrifugal chamber is ble around an axis of on and said internal
cavity has a maximum volume of at least 50, at least 100, or at least 200 mL.
106. A method for stimulation of cells, the method comprising incubating a
stimulation agent and primary cells under conditions whereby the stimulation agent binds to a
molecule expressed by a plurality of the primary cells and said plurality of the cells are activated
or stimulated, wherein
at least a portion of the incubation being carried out in an internal cavity of a centrifugal
chamber under mixing conditions,
said centrifugal chamber is rotatable around an axis of rotation; and
said internal cavity has a maximum volume of at least 50, at least 100, or at least 200
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107. The method of ment 105 or embodiment 106, wherein the chamber
further comprises an end wall, a substantially rigid side wall extending from said end wall, and
at least one opening, wherein at least a portion of said side wall surrounds said internal cavity
and said at least one opening is capable of ting intake of liquid into said internal cavity
and expression of liquid from said cavity.
108. A composition, comprising transduced cells produced by the method of any of
embodiments 1-107.
109. The composition of embodiment 108, wherein said cells:
are primary cells; and/or
are human cells; and/or
comprise white blood cells; and/or
se T cells; and/or
comprise NK cells.
110. The composition of embodiment 108 or embodiment 109, wherein the
composition comprises at least at or about 5 x 107 cells, 1 x 108 cells, 2 x 108 cells, 4 x 108 cells,
6 x 108, 8 x108 cells or 1 x 109 cells.
111. The composition of any of embodiments 106—110, wherein the composition
comprises a therapeutically ive number of cells for use in adoptive T cell therapy.
112. The composition of any of embodiments 106-111, wherein:
the cells are T cells; and
subsequent to transduction, the cells in the composition are not subjected to cell
expansion in the presence of a stimulating agent and/or the cells are not incubated at a
ature greater than 30 °C for more than 24 hours or the composition does not contain a
ne or the composition does not contain a stimulating agent that specifically binds to CD3
or a TCR complex.
113. A composition, comprising at least 1 x 107 or at least 5 x 107 cells T cells, at least
a plurality of which are uced with a recombinant viral vector or express a recombinant or
engineered antigen receptor, wherein:
subsequent to transduction, the cells in the composition have not been ted to cell
expansion in the presence of a stimulating agent; and/or
uent to transduction, the cells have not been incubated at a temperature greater
than 30 °C for more than 24 hours.
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114. A composition, comprising at least 1 x 107 or at least 5 x 107 primary human T
cells, at least a plurality of which are transduced with a recombinant viral vector or express a
recombinant or engineered antigen receptor, n at least 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%,
or 90 % of the T cells in the composition comprise high expression of CD69 and/or TGF—beta—II.
115. The composition of embodiment 114, n said at least 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%,
70%, 80%, or 90 % of the T cells in the composition comprise no surface expression of CD62L
and/or comprise high expression of CD25, ICAM, GM-CSF, IL-8 and/or IL-2.
116. The composition of any of ments 113—115, wherein said composition
comprises at least 1 x 108 cells, 2 x 108 cells, 4 x 108 cells, 6 x 108, 8 x 108 cells or 1 x 109 cells.
117. The composition of any of embodiments 109-116, wherein said T cells are
unfractionated T cells, isolated CD8+ T cells, or isolated CD4+ T cells.
118. The composition of any of embodiments 108-117, wherein at least 2.5 %, at least
%, at least 6 %, at least 8 %, at least 10 %, at least 20 %, at least 25 %, at least 30 %, at least
40 %, at least 50 %, or at least 75 % of said cells in said composition are transduced with the
viral vector.
119. The ition of any of embodiments 8, wherein:
the viral vector encodes a recombinant or; and
transduced cells in the composition express the recombinant receptor.
120. The composition of embodiment 119, wherein said recombinant receptor is a
recombinant antigen receptor.
121. The composition of embodiment 120, wherein said recombinant antigen receptor
is a functional non-T cell receptor.
122. The composition of embodiment 121, wherein said functional non—T cell receptor
is a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR).
123. The composition of any of embodiments 119—122, n said recombinant
or is a chimeric receptor comprising an extracellular portion that specifically binds to a
ligand and an ellular signaling portion containing an activating domain and a ulatory
domain.
124. The composition of embodiment 120, wherein said recombinant antigen receptor
is a transgenic T cell or (TCR).
125. The composition of any of embodiments 110-124, wherein:
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among all the cells in the ition, the average copy number of said recombinant
viral vector is no more than about 10, no more than 8, no more than 6, no more than 4, or no
more than about 2; or
among the cells in the composition transduced with the inant viral vector, the
average copy number of said vector is no more than about 10, no more than 8, no more than 6,
no more than 4, or no more than about 2.
126. The composition of any of embodiments 110-125, comprising a pharmaceutically
acceptable excipient.
127. An article of manufacture comprising a container or plurality of containers, the
container or the plurality of ners tively containing a composition according to any of
embodiments 113—126.
128. The article of manufacture of embodiment 127, wherein the container or plurality
of containers comprises two or more or three or more bags and the composition r
comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
129. A method of treatment, the method comprising administering to a subject having
a e or condition the composition of any of embodiments 110—126.
130. The method of embodiment 129, wherein the transduced T cells in the
composition exhibit increased or longer expansion and/or persistence in the subject than
transduced T cells in a composition in which, subsequent to transduction, the cells in the
composition have been subjected to cell expansion in the ce of a ating agent and/or
the cells have been incubated at a temperature greater than 30 °C for more than 24 hours.
131. The method of embodiment 129 or embodiment 130, wherein the recombinant
receptor, chimeric antigen receptor or transgenic TCR specifically binds to an antigen associated
with the disease or condition.
132. The method of any of embodiments 129—131, wherein the disease or condition is
a cancer, and autoimmune disease or disorder, or an ious disease.
133. A composition, comprising:
at least 1 x 107 cells; and
at least at or about 1 infectious unit (IU) per cell of viral particles comprising a
recombinant viral vector.
134. The ition of embodiment 133, wherein:
said cells comprise at least or about 50 x 106 cells; 100 x 106 cells; or 200 x 106 cells;
and/or
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said viral particles are present in the composition in an amount that is at least 1.6 IU/cell,
1.8 IU/cell, 2.0 IU/cell, 2.4 IU/cell, 2.8 IU/cell, 3.2 IU/cell, 3.6 IU/cell, 4.0 IU/cell, 5.0 l,
6.0 IU/cell, 7.0 IU/cell, 8.0 IU/cell, 9.0 IU/cell or 10.0 IU/cell.
135. The composition of embodiment 133 or embodiment 134, wherein the liquid
volume of the composition is less than or equal to 220 mL, less than or equal to 200 mL, less
than or equal to 100 mL, less than or equal to 50 mL or less than or equal to 20 mL.
136. The composition of any of ments 133-135, wherein said cells are primary
cells.
137. The composition of any of embodiments 133-136, wherein said cells are human
cells.
138. The composition of any of ments 133—137, wherein:
said cells comprise sion cells;
said cells comprise white blood cells; and/or
said cells comprise T cells or NK cells.
139. The composition of embodiment 138, wherein said cells are T cells and the T
cells are unfractionated T cells, isolated CD8+ T cells, or isolated CD4+ T cells.
140. The composition of any of ments 133—139, wherein the viral vector
encodes a recombinant receptor.
141. The composition of embodiment 140, wherein said recombinant receptor is a
recombinant antigen receptor.
142. The composition of embodiment 141, wherein said recombinant antigen receptor
is a functional non-T cell receptor.
143. The composition of embodiment 142, wherein said functional non—T cell receptor
is a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR).
144. The composition of any of ments 140-143, wherein said recombinant
receptor is a chimeric receptor sing an extracellular portion that specifically binds to a
ligand and an intracellular signaling portion containing an activating domain and a costimulatory
domain.
145. The composition of embodiment 141, wherein said recombinant antigen receptor
is a transgenic T cell receptor (TCR).
146. A centrifugal r rotatable around an axis of rotation, said chamber
sing an internal cavity sing the ition of any of embodiments 110—126.
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147. A centrifugal r rotatable around an axis of rotation, said r
sing an internal cavity comprising: (a) a composition ning at least 5 x 107 primary
T cells transduced with a recombinant viral vector and/or (b) a composition ning at least 5
x 107 primary T cells and viral les containing a recombinant viral vector.
148. The fugal chamber of embodiment 146 or 147, said chamber further
comprising an end wall, a substantially rigid side wall extending from said end wall, and at least
one opening, wherein at least a portion of said side wall surrounds said internal cavity and said
at least one opening is capable of permitting intake of liquid into said internal cavity and
expression of liquid from said cavity.
149. The centrifugal chamber of embodiment 147 or 148, wherein said composition in
said cavity comprises at least 1 x 108 cells, 2 x 108 cells, 4 x 108 cells, 6 x 108, 8 x 108 cells or 1
x 109 of the cells.
150. The centrifugal chamber of embodiment 147 or ment 148, wherein said T
cells are unfractionated T cells, isolated CD8+ T cells, or isolated CD4+ T cells.
151. The fugal chamber of any of embodiments 147-150, wherein at least 2.5 %,
at least 5 %, at least 6 %, at least 8 %, at least 10 %, at least 20 %, at least 25 %, at least 30 %, at
least 40 %, at least 50 %, or at least 75 % of said cells in said composition are transduced with a
viral vector.
152. The centrifugal chamber of any of embodiments 147-151, wherein:
the viral vector encodes a recombinant receptor; and
cells in the composition express the inant receptor.
153. The centrifugal chamber of embodiment 151, wherein said recombinant receptor
is a recombinant antigen or.
154. The centrifugal chamber of embodiment 153, wherein said recombinant antigen
receptor is a functional non-T cell receptor.
155. The centrifugal chamber of embodiment 154, wherein said functional non—T cell
receptor is a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR).
156. The centrifugal chamber of any of embodiments 5, n said
recombinant receptor is a chimeric receptor comprising an extracellular portion that specifically
binds to a ligand and an intracellular signaling portion containing an activating domain and a
costimulatory domain.
157. The centrifugal chamber of embodiment 153, wherein said recombinant antigen
receptor is a transgenic T cell receptor (TCR).
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158. The fugal chamber of any of embodiments 147—157, wherein:
among all the cells in the composition, the average copy number of said recombinant
viral vector is no more than about 10, no more than 8, no more than 6, no more than 4, or no
more than about 2; or
among the cells in the composition transduced with the recombinant viral vector, the
average copy number of said vector is no more than about 10, no more than 8, no more than 6,
no more than 4, or no more than about 2.
159. A centrifugal chamber rotatable around an axis of rotation, said r
comprising an al cavity comprising the composition of any of embodiments 133-145.
160. The fugal chamber of embodiment 159, further comprising a volume of gas
up to the maximum volume of the internal cavity of the chamber.
161. The centrifugal chamber of embodiment 160, n said gas is air.
162. The centrifugal chamber of any of embodiments 146—161, said chamber being
ble around an axis of rotation and sing an end wall, a substantially rigid side wall
extending from said end wall, and at least one opening, wherein at least a portion of said side
wall surrounds said al cavity and said at least one opening is capable of permitting intake
of liquid into said internal cavity and expression of liquid from said cavity.
163. The centrifugal chamber of any of embodiments 146-162, wherein said side wall
is curvilinear.
164. The centrifugal chamber of embodiment 163, wherein said side wall is generally
cylindrical.
165. The centrifugal chamber of any of embodiments 162-164, wherein
said at least one opening comprises an inlet and an outlet, respectively capable of
permitting said intake and expression; or
said at least one opening comprises a single inlet/outlet, capable of ting said intake
and said expression.
166. The centrifugal chamber of any of embodiments 162-165, wherein said at least
one opening is coaxial with the chamber and is located in the end wall.
167. The centrifugal chamber of any of embodiments 162-166, wherein said
centrifugal r further comprises a movable member and said internal cavity is a cavity of
variable volume defined by said end wall, said substantially rigid side wall, and said movable
member, said movable member being capable of moving within the chamber to vary the internal
volume of the cavity.
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168. The fugal chamber of embodiment 167, wherein:
the movable member is a piston; and/or
the e member is capable of axially moving within the chamber to vary the
internal volume of the cavity.
169. The centrifugal chamber of any of embodiments 162-168, wherein:
the internal surface area of said cavity is at least at or about 1 x 109 umz;
the al surface area of said cavity is at least at or about 1 x 1010 umz;
the length of said rigid wall in the direction extending from said end wall is at least about
cm;
the length of said rigid wall in the direction extending from said end wall is at least about
8 cm; and/or
the cavity comprises a radius of at least about 2 cm at at least one section.
170. The centrifugal chamber of any of embodiments 159—169, wherein the liquid
volume of said composition present in said cavity is between or between about 0.5 mL per
square inch of the internal e area of the cavity (mL/sq.in) and 5 mL/sq.in, 0.5 mL/sq.in.
and 2.5 mL/sq.in., 0.5 mL/sq.in. and 1 in., 1 mL/sq.in. and 5 mL/sq.in., 1 mUsqin. and
2.5 mL/sq.in. or 2.5 in. and 5 mL/sq.in.
171. The centrifugal chamber of any of embodiments 159-169, wherein the liquid
volume of said composition present in said cavity is at least 0.5 mL/sq.in., 1 mL/sq.in., 2.5
in., or 5 mL/sq.in.
172. A closed system, comprising the centrifugal chamber of any of embodiments
147-158 and 1.
173. The closed system of ment 172, further comprising a multi—way manifold
operably connected to one or a plurality of containers.
174. The closed system, comprising the centrifugal chamber of any of embodiments
159— 17 1.
175. The closed system of embodiment 174, further sing a sterile filter.
176. The closed system of any of embodiments 172—175, wherein the centrifugal
chamber is capable of rotation at a speed up to 8000 g, wherein the centrifugal chamber is
capable of withstanding a force of up to 500 g, 600 g, 1000 g, 1100 g, 1200 g, 1400 g, 1500 g,
1600 g, 2000 g, 2500 g, 3000 g or 3200 g, without substantially yielding, bending, or breaking
or otherwise resulting in damage of the chamber and/or while substantially holding a generally
cylindrical shape under such force.
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177. The method of embodiment 49, n at least at or about 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80,
or 80 % of the T cells in the output composition comprise high sion of CD69 and/or TGF—
beta-II.
178. The method of embodiment 177, wherein said at least 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, or
80 % of the T cells in the composition comprise no surface expression of CD62L and/or
comprise high expression of CD25, ICAM, , IL-8 and/or IL—2.
179. A method comprising
washing primary human cells; and
ting said cells with a selection reagent under agitation conditions whereby at least
a plurality of the human cells are specifically bound by the selection reagents,
wherein said g and incubating are carried out Within a closed, sterile system and at
least in part in an internal cavity of a centrifugal chamber integral to the closed, sterile system.
180. The method of embodiment 179, wherein the method steps are carried out in an
automated fashion based on input from a user that the method should be initiated, resulting in
completion of the method steps.
181. The method of embodiment 105, 179 or 180, wherein the tion under mixing
conditions comprises effecting rotation of the chamber for at least a portion thereof.
182. The method of embodiment 181, wherein the effecting rotation for at least a
portion thereof comprises effecting rotation at a plurality of s during the incubation, said
plurality of periods being separated by one or more periods of rest, at which the chamber is not
rotated.
183. The method of embodiment 182, wherein one or more or all of the plurality of
periods of effecting rotation is for a time that is or is about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 seconds,
such as l or 2 seconds and/or one or more or all of the one or more periods of rest is for a time
that is or is about 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 or 15 s, such as 4, 5, 6, or 7 seconds.
184 The method of any of embodiments 105 or 179—183, wherein the incubation under
mixing conditions is carried out for at least or imately 10, 15, 20, 30, or 45 minutes, such
as at or about 30 minutes.
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The following examples are included for illustrative purposes only and are not
intended to limit the scope of the ion.
Example 1: Viral transduction of y human T cells in a centrifugal chamber
This example demonstrates transduction of isolated primary human T cells with a
recombinant viral vector encoding a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), with transduction
initiated under centrifugal force in a substantially rigid cylindrical centrifugal chamber,
according to an embodiment provided herein. T cells were isolated via positive selection from a
human apheresis product sample.
The resulting cells were activated using an anti-CD3/CD28 reagent. For initiation of
transduction, the cells were incubated with a viral particle containing a viral vector genome
encoding an anti-CD19 CAR under various conditions following activation.
Under one set of ions (“Sepax”), transduction was initiated by incubating the
cells in a cavity of a fuge chamber (Biosafe SA, A200), under centrifugation in a Sepax® 2
processing unit (Biosafe SA). A 50 mL liquid composition containing 50 x 106 of the isolated
cells was combined in a 300 mL transfer pack with 50 mL liquid stock containing the viral
vector particles. Using the Sepax® system to move the piston of the chamber, the composition
was pulled into the cavity of the centrifuge chamber. 100 mL air also was pulled in, thereby
increasing the volume of the cavity to 200 mL and resulting in a decrease in the ratio of the
volume of liquid in the cavity to the internal e area of the cavity. The chamber was spun
by ramping up to a speed of at approximately 4600 rpm on the Sepax® 2 unit, corresponding to
a relative g force ive centrifugal force (RCF)) at the internal side wall of the processing
cavity of the chamber of approximately 600. The duration of the spin at this speed was 60
For another set of conditions (“VueLife”), a composition containing 25 x 106 cells
and the same stock of viral vector particles at a 1:1 volumetric ratio were ted in 50 mL in
a centrifuge bag, in a CI-SO centrifuge adapter, and spun at an approximate relative centrifugal
force (RCF) on the cells of approximately 1000 g for 60 minutes. A bag with a smaller volume
compared to the centrifuge chamber was used in order to permit centrifugation at a ve
centrifugal force on the cell of 1000 g. ls included an “untransduced” sample (same cell
concentration incubated for the same time in a 24-well plate without virus without centrifugation
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and a in” control (“Oxg”) sample (same cell/virus concentration incubated for the same
time in the same plate without centrifugation). Under each set of conditions, a polycation was
included. Following spin (or comparable “no-spin” incubation), the compositions were
incubated for 24 hours at 37 degrees C to complete uction.
The cells were expanded and transduction efficiency for each of the respective
conditions was calculated on Day 6 post-isolation as percentage of CD3+ T Cells with surface
expression of the encoded CAR (as detected by flow cytometry using an antibody specific for
the CAR). The results are shown in . As shown, greater transduction efficiency was
observed following the initiation of uction by incubating cells in the cavity of the
centrifuge chamber under rotation, as compared to in the centrifuge bag (VueLife®) and
controls. shows cell expansion (as indicated by number of population doublings) over
the six-day period.
Example 2: Transduction of primary human T cells in a centrifugal chamber at different
ratios of liquid volume to e area
uction ency following initiation of transduction in the centrifuge chamber
was assessed under various conditions, using the same number of cells and infectious units of
virus, and different ratios of liquid volume to internal surface area of the Chamber’s cavity.
Cells were lly prepared and ated as described in Example I. All transduction
initiation conditions used an IUzcell ratio of 2:1 and a total number of 100 x 106 cells.
For a first sample (“5.lmL/sq.in.,” referring to the 5.1:1 mL of liquid per square inch
of internal cavity surface used in this condition), 100 x 106 cells, in a liquid volume of 100 mL,
were combined with 100 mL of a liquid composition containing the viral vector particles. For a
second sample (“2.5 mL/sq.in.,” referring to 2.5 mL of liquid per square inch of cavity surface
used in this condition), 50 mL of a liquid composition with the same number of cells was
ed with 50 mL of a liquid composition containing the viral vector particles. In each case,
a polycation was included for a final concentration during centrifugation of 10 ug/mL. The
respective liquid itions (and for the second sample, 100 mL of air) were drawn into and
incubated in the -holding cavity of the chamber. In each case, the chamber was spun (by
ramping up) in the Sepax® 2 processing unit at an rpm of approximately 4600, ponding to
an RCF at the internal cavity side wall of approximately 600 g for 60 minutes. The samples then
were incubated for an onal 24 hours at 37 degrees, for completion of transduction.
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The cells were expanded and transduction efficiency calculated on Day 6 post—
ion, by determining the percentage of CD3+ T Cells with surface expression of the CAR,
detected as bed above. The results are shown in As shown, for initiation of
transduction in the fugal chamber using the same number of cells and infectious units of
Virus, a greater transduction efficiency was ed when using a lower ratio of liquid volume
of the composition in the cavity to the internal surface area of the cavity.
Example 3: Transduction of primary human T cells in a Centrifugal Chamber
Another study compared transduction efficiency under various conditions, including
transduction in a centrifugal r ing to embodiments of the provided methods, using
various ratios of liquid volume to cavity surface area. Human T cells were isolated from an
apheresis t and stimulated as described above.
Following the stimulation, 80 x 106 cells were incubated under varying conditions,
including for transduction with a viral vector encoding a CAR. A polycation was included in all
samples.
For ions under which transduction was initiated in the centrifuge chamber, 80 x
106 cells were incubated with Virus containing the vector in the cavity of the chamber, at a ratio
of 2 IU virus per cell. The incubation was carried out while centrifuging the chamber using the
Sepax® 2 Processing system at an RCF at the internal side wall of the cavity of approximately
600 g for 60 s. Under one set of conditions (“Sepax (0.1 IU/cell/mL),” with 0.5 mL
liquid volume per square inch of al cavity surface), for centrifugation, the cells and virus
were pulled into the cavity of the chamber in a total liquid volume of 20 mL; 180 mL of air also
was pulled into the cavity. Under another set of conditions (“Sepax (0.01 l/mL),” with 5.1
mL liquid volume per square inch of internal cavity surface), the same number of cells and
infectious units of Virus were pulled in in a 200 mL liquid volume.
Under separate conditions, “1000 g in plate,” transduction of cells was initiated in the
presence of virus (2 IU/cell) in a 24-well plate, with centrifugation at an RCF on the cells of
imately 1000 g for 60 minutes. An “untransduced” negative control (incubation in a 24—
well plate without virus or centrifugation) and a “no spin” control (incubation with Virus at a
ratio of 2 infectious units (IU) per cell without centrifugation in the same 24-well plate) also
were used. Cells were incubated for 24 hours at 37 degrees C to complete transduction.
Cells were expanded and transduction efficiency for each sample calculated as
percent of CD3+ cells expressing the CAR on their e, as described in Examples 1 and 2.
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The results are shown in As shown, transduction was observed following initiation of
transduction under rotation in the centrifuge chamber and in the 24—well plate as compared to the
control conditions. For transduction initiation in the centrifuge chamber, greater uction
efficiency was observed with a lower ratio of liquid volume to internal surface area of the
chamber cavity.
Exam le 4: Assessment of vector co number VCN followin transduction in a
centrifugal chamber
Copy number of the integrated viral vector (VCN) was assessed following
transduction initiated under certain conditions in the study described in Example 3. VCN per
cell was ined for the SGF-derived retroviral vector by ime quantitative PCR (RT—
qPCR). Mean VCN was determined by qPCR specific for viral genome among all cells in the
composition following transduction cell”), and separately among the transduced cells
(cells expressing the transgene) alone (“VCN/CAR+). The results are presented in In
the graph shown in the label “Sepax 20” refers to a 20 mL liquid volume used in the
chamber cavity during transduction initiation; the results so—labeled are from the same study and
condition labeled as “$6an (0.1 IU/cell/mL)” in Example 3 (for which transduction efficiency
was ined to be 25%). Similarly, the label “Sepax 200” refers to a 200 mL liquid volume
used in the chamber cavity during transduction tion; the results so—labeled are from the
same study and conditions labeled as “Sepax (0.01 IU/cell/mL)” in Example 3 (for which the
uction efficiency was determined to be 7%). As shown, when transduction was initiated
by initiating transduction of cells in the cylindrical, substantially rigid centrifuge chamber under
rotation, sed uction efficiency was not associated with increased vector copy
number. In this study, the conditions producing increased transduction efficiency also produced
decreased mean vector copy number per cell.
Example 5: Transduction using a Sepax® 2 Processing System
In an exemplary process, T cells are transduced with a viral vector particle in an
automated fashion in a centrifugal chamber integral to a single-use system and the Sepax® 2
processing system fe SA). The chamber is integral to a sterile, disposable closed system,
which is a single—use processing kit sold by Biosafe SA for use in regenerative ne. The
kit is configured to include a series of tubing lines connecting the chamber to a series of
containers, with a l configuration shown in and/or The chamber (1)
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es an end wall (13) including an inlet/outlet opening (6), a rigid side wall (14), and a
piston (2), which collectively define an internal cavity (7) of the chamber. The system is
red to e various containers labeled: Output Bag, Waste Bag, Input Bag, and two
diluent bags (Diluent Bag 1 and Diluent Bag 2), and s connectors, including stopcocks,
and valves. Clamps (5) are included for blocking flow between different portions of the system
Via the tubing lines. In some embodiments, the system includes a male luer lock sterile filter
(15) with female luer lock cap (16), through which gas, e.g., air, may be drawn in a sterile
, when the cap is released/removed. The system is placed in association with the Sepax®
2 sing unit, including a centrifuge and cabinet for housing components.
In the exemplary process, the Input Bag contains a composition containing the cells
to be transduced. Diluent Bag 1 contains viral vector les, polycation, and medium. In
some embodiments, air is included in the bag with the vector particles. For example, in an
alternative embodiment, a container with air and/or additional medium may be connected at this
position instead of and/or in addition to the virus composition.
A user indicates to the processing unit Via a user ace that a new program is to be
run and inputs various parameters into the system, including an Initial Volume (between 20—900
mL), a Final Volume (between 20-220 mL), an Intermediate Volume (between 10—100 mL), a
Dilution Volume (between 50-220 mL), a g-force (between 100-1600 or between 200—3200 g)
(RCF at the internal side wall of the processing cavity of the chamber)), and a Sedimentation
Time (between 120 and 3600 seconds). The user tes to the system that the process should
be initiated, inputs identification information for the subject from which cells are derived, and
indicates to the system that input is complete, which prompts the system to carry out a test of the
closed system kit.
With all respective stopcock valves in the closed position, clamps blocking
movement of fluid between the tubing lines and Diluent Bag 1, Waste Bag, Input Bag, and
Output Bag (for collection of the product containing the cells), respectively, are opened and an
ted program initiated by ication with the system by the user.
In response, the system causes, in an automated fashion, movement of liquid and/or
gas between the various components of the closed system by causing opening and closing of the
valves and movement of the piston to vary the volume of the cavity. It causes repositioning of a
stopcock to permit flow between the Input Bag and the internal cavity of the chamber, via the
inlet/outlet opening and lowering of the piston Within the centrifugal chamber, thereby
increasing the volume of the cavity and drawing a volume (the user-defined l Volume) of
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the composition of cells and viral vector particles from the Input bag to the sing cavity,
via an inlet/outlet in the end wall of the chamber.
The system prompts the centrifuge to spin the chamber for 120 seconds at 500 g,
prompts purging of 20 mL volume from the cavity into the Input Bag to rinse it, and drawing of
the volume back into the cavity. The system prompts the centrifuge to spin the chamber for 180
seconds at 500 g, causing sedimentation. The system repositions the stopcocks to permit flow of
fluid and/or gas between the cavity and the Waste Bag and s extraction of fluid from the
cavity into the Waste Bag, leaving the user—defined Intermediate Volume in the cavity.
The system causes rotation of the stopcock to block movement of fluid between the
tubing and the waste bag. The system causes intake of viral vector particle-containing liquid
composition and, if applicable, air (collectively, at the user—defined Diluent Volume) from
Diluent Bag 1 to the cavity of the chamber. These steps collectively effect intake of an input
ition containing cells to be uced and viral vector particles and in some cases, air,
into the . In some embodiments, the total volume of the cavity is 200 mL, for example,
including 200 mL liquid volume or including less than 200 mL liquid volume and the remainder
of the cavity volume including air.
Centrifugation of the chamber is carried out for the user—defined Sedimentation Time
at the efined g-force, resulting in tion of transduction of cells in the input
composition with viral vector particles. In an alternative embodiment, a volume of air and/or
medium is pulled into the cavity from another bag at the on of t Bag 1 and 2, prior
to centrifugation. In an alternative embodiment, air is drawn in prior to centrifugation through
the luer lock filter (15), e.g., by the user opening the clamp (5) blocking movement of fluid
between the filter (15) and tubing lines and the cavity (7) and releasing the female cap (16),
allowing air remaining in the chamber to pass in h the filter from the environment. In
some embodiments, the movement of air is ted by the system, for example, based on an
additional user—defined air input volume inputted into the system and the user indicating to the
system that air may be taken in at the defined air volume. In some embodiments, air, if present,
is released through the tubing line and uncapped filter (15) by a similar process ing
centrifugation.
When prompted by the system, the user closes the clamp blocking movement of fluid
between Diluent Bag 1 and the tubing lines and opens the clamp blocking movement of fluid
between Diluent Bag 2 and the tubing lines. The system causes movement of fluid from Diluent
Bag 2 to the processing cavity by opening of the appropriate stopcock valve and movement of
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the piston to draw into the cavity a volume of fluid from Diluent Bag 2 equal to the amount
required to result in a total liquid volume in the chamber equal to the user—defined Final Volume.
The system then causes mixture of the fluid in the cavity for 60 seconds and then transfer of the
fluid in the internal cavity to the Output Bag, which thereby contains an output composition with
cells to which viral particles have bound and/or infected with the viral . These cells then
are generally incubated for completion of transduction, for example, at 37 degrees C, for
example, for 24 hours.
e 6: Assessment of cell growth and viability at different centrifugal forces
The effect of centrifugal force on cells during the centrifugation used to initiate
transduction of cells in a chamber according to certain provided embodiments was assessed. Cell
expansion and cell viability were assessed upon exposure to different centrifugal forces.
T cells were isolated and stimulated essentially as described in Example 1. At day 4,
s, each dually containing the cells, were pulled into a cavity of a centrifuge chamber
in a Sepax® 2 sing unit fe SA) and subjected to centrifugation at various
centrifugal forces. Specifically, samples were spun for 60 minutes in a chamber (A—200F)
integral to a single-use kit using the Sepax® 2 processing system at approximately 4600 rpm,
approximately 6000 rpm, and imately 7400 rpm, tively), which achieved an RCF at
the internal surface of the side wall of the cavity of approximately 600 g 1000 g, and 1600 g,
respectively. As a control, a sample of the cells was separately pulled into the centrifuge cavity,
but not spun (0 g condition).In each case, after the spin (or incubation with no spin), the cells
were incubated at 37°C, 5 % C02, through day 10. At various points throughout the process,
cell expansion ation doublings as compared with cell number at day 0) and viability were
monitored. Specifically, these measurements were taken at days 0, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 10. The
results are shown in
As shown in and , respectively, centrifugation at the various speeds
was observed to have no substantial effect on cell expansion lation doublings”) or
viability over the 10 days. The s demonstrate that the T cells could te centrifugation
at relative centrifugal forces of at least up to or about 1600 g, as measured at the side wall of the
cavity of the chamber, corresponding to imately the same average force on the cells at the
cell surfacezliquid interface, under conditions used for transduction initiation in embodiments
provided herein, without detectable substantial changes in expansion or viability.
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Example 7: Transduction Process Step Using Transduction Initiation in Generally
Cylindrical Centrifugal Chamber
This example describes the general parameters of a transduction process step that
was used in the studies described in Examples 8-10. uction of cells with a recombinant
viral vector encoding a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) was initiated in a centrifugal chamber
according to provided embodiments.
CD4+/CD8+ T cells were ed via positive selection from a human apheresis
product sample. The isolated cells were cryopreserved and thawed at 37 °C. The thawed cells
were activated using CD3/CD28 beads in the ce IL—2 (100 IU/mL) for 72 hours at 37 °C
prior to initiation of transduction. In some cases, various aspects of the apheresis preparation,
isolation, and/or activation steps also were carried out in the cavity of a centrifugal chamber
according to provided embodiments, in association with the Sepax® 2 system, e.g., as described
in Example 11.
In preparation for transduction, a centrifugal processing chamber (1) (A—200F),
integral to a sterile, —use able kit sold by Biosafe SA for regenerative ne use,
essentially as depicted in was placed in association with a Sepax® 2 processing unit,
which thus could provide to the r centrifugal force and axial displacement (permitting
control of the dimensions of the internal cavity). (US Patent No. 6,733,433).
To te transduction, the following steps were carried out.
To te a composition containing viral vector particles for e mixing with the
ted cells in the centrifuge chamber, complete media (containing serum free hematopoietic
cell medium supplemented with 5% human serum, and IL—2, and a polycation in an amount
sufficient for a final concentration during transduction initiation of 10 ug/mL), viral vector
particles at the indicated number or relative number of infectious units (IU) (for example, 1.8
IU/cell or 3.6 IU/cell), and, where able, air, were aseptically transferred to a centrifuge
bag, which ultimately would be ely connected with the kit at a Diluent Bag on for
intake as described below.
A culture bag containing the activated cells was sterilely connected to the single-use
disposable kit via tubing line at the position of the “Input Bag” shown in and An
automated “dilution” protocol was run on the Sepax® 2 processing unit. Thereby, through
movement of the piston, the desired number of cells (as indicated in individual studies
described, for example, 50 x 106, 100 x 106 or 200 x 106 cells) was transferred from the culture
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bag to a product bag at the “Output Bag” position shown in and by way of the
chamber cavity.
To generate an input composition with both cells and virus (and where able,
air) for intake into the chamber and transduction, the product bag containing the desired number
of activated cells then was sterilely ted at the Input Bag position as shown in and
The centrifuge bag containing the viral particles, media, and optionally air was sterilely
connected at the position of Diluent Bag 1 shown in the . An automated Wash cycle was
run on the Sean® 2, facilitating drawing in of the composition containing the cells into the
cavity of the chamber, spinning of the ition on the Sepax® 2 at an approximate RCF at
the al wall of the cavity of 500 g to pellet the cells, and removal of the appropriate volume
of liquid required to achieve a desired volume, e.g., 10 mL. The contents of the centrifuge bag
at the Diluent Bag 1 position, including the viral particles, media, polycation, and where
applicable, air, then was drawn into the cavity of the chamber with the cells. This process thus
effected a volume—reduction of the cell composition and combined the volume—reduced cells
with the virus-containing composition and, where applicable, air. The resulting 200 mL volume
(containing the cells, virus, and optionally, air) then was transferred into a centrifuge bag in the
“Output Bag” position of the kit as shown in and
To initiate uction, the centrifuge bag ning 200 mL of the virus, cells, and
air where applicable then was removed and sterilely connected at the Input Bag position of the
kit. A bag containing complete media was sterilely connected to the kit at a nt Bag”
position. A cell culture bag was sterilely connected to the system at the “Output Bag” position.
The user ted via the interface that an automated protocol should be run on the system for
initiation of transduction. Specifically, the program caused transfer of the 200 mL volume
containing cells, virus, and where indicated, air, via the tubing lines to the cavity of the chamber
by movement of the piston. The program continued with centrifugation of the ts in the
cavity of the chamber (total volume 200 mL) at the ted force, to initiate transduction of
cells with the viral vector particles. In some embodiments, a hand—held laser tachometer was
used to verify revolutions per minute (rpm) at various set points on the Sepax® unit using
known methods. Except where cally indicated, the spin was carried out at the indicated
speed for 1 hour (3600 s), with additional ramp-up and ramp-down time. Following the spin and
when prompted by the system, the user closed the clamp permitting movement of fluid between
the cavity and the Input Bag and opened the clamp blocking movement of fluid between the
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cavity and product bag at the Output Bag position. Upon input from the user, the program
continued by effecting movement of liquid from the chamber to the output bag.
Where applicable, for expulsion of air, when prompted by the system, the user
opened the clamp blocking movement of fluid between the chamber cavity and the filter, and the
program caused expression of air via the filter.
A dilution program then was run on the Sepax® 2 , with the clamp blocking
movement of fluid between the t bag with the media and the chamber opened and the
program g movement (by opening of stopcock(s) and movement of the piston) of the
appropriate amount of liquid from that bag to the Chamber, mixing for 60 s, and then
transfer of the fluid from the processing cavity to the output bag, the appropriate amount being
that needed to achieve a user—defined Final Volume of 200 mL, given the presence of air during
centrifugation, if any.
The culture bag in the Output Bag position thereby contained an output composition
with cells containing bound viral particles and/or inoculated with the viral genome. The cells
then were incubated in the bag for ~24 hours at 37 degrees C, 5 % C02, for tion of
transduction. During the uction initiation and completion, viral vector particles inoculated
cells and their s became integrated into the cellular genomes, as indicated by the various
measures for transduction ency and copy number in the individual examples.
Example 8: Transduction initiation in a centrifugal chamber with constant volume and
viral particle number and different cell concentrations
itions with various cell numbers and infectious units (IU) of viral particles, in
constant liquid volume, were subjected to the transduction process described in Example 7. In
each case, prior to transduction tion, cells were collected, washed, isolated, cryopreserved,
and activated as described in Example ll.
Example 8A.
Transduction initiation and further culture to complete transduction were carried out
as described in Example 7, with the following specifics.
Under two separate conditions in two separate studies, the transduction initiation
process was d out in a 70 mL total liquid volume (the remaining 130 mL volume of the
cavity during spin containing air). The separate conditions were carried out on 200 x 106 cells
and 100 x 106 cells, respectively. The same total number of units of viral vector particles
containing vectors encoding anti-CD19 CAR were used, resulting in 1.8 IU/cell and 3.6 IU/cell
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for the two conditions, respectively. During the transduction program, the 3600 second spin was
at approximately 7400 rpm, corresponding to an RCF of approximately 1600 g at the side wall
of the processing cavity.
After the ~24—hour incubation, the cells were expanded in a Bioreactor System with
perfusion. Transduction efficiency for the respective compositions was calculated on Day 6 as
percentage of CD3+ T Cells with surface sion of the encoded CAR, detected as described
in Example 1, and was compared to an untransduced population of cells as a control
(“untransduced”). The results are shown in . As shown, with the same total volume and
total number of infectious units during incubation under rotation, a greater transduction
efficiency was observed for the condition using a smaller number of 100 x 106 cells in the cavity
during the incubation.
e 8B.
In another study, transduction initiation and further culture to complete transduction
were carried out as described in Example 7, with the following specifics.
Under three separate conditions, the uction initiation process was carried out in
a 70 mL total liquid volume (the ing 130 mL volume of the cavity during spin ning
air). The separate conditions were carried out on 200 x 106 cells, 100 x 106 cells, and 50 x 106
cells, respectively. The same total number of units of viral vector particles containing vectors
encoding anti-CD19 CAR were used, which was the number of units needed to result in 1.8
IU/cell for the condition with 200 x 106 cells. During the transduction program, the 3600 second
spin was carried out on the Sean® 2 system at approximately 7400 rpm, corresponding to an
RCF of approximately 1600 g at the side wall of the processing cavity.
After the ~24—hour tion, the cells were expanded in a Bioreactor System with
perfusion. Transduction efficiency for the respective compositions was calculated on Day 6 as
percentage of CD3+ T Cells with surface expression of the encoded CAR, detected as described
in Example 1, and was ed to an untransduced population of cells as a control
(“untransduced”). The s are shown in . As shown, with the same total volume and
total number of infectious units during incubation under rotation, a greater transduction
efficiency was observed for the condition using a smaller number of 100 x 106 cells in the cavity
during the tion.
Vector copy number (VCN) also was assessed in transduced cells at day 6, as
described in Example 4, with mean VCN determined among the transduced cells (cells
containing SGF+ viral vector c acid in their genome). An untransduced cell control (“PD
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UnTD”) and ve control cells (“2 Copy Positive Control”) also were assessed. The results
are presented in .
Example 9: Transduction initiation in centrifugal chamber with various volumes and units
of viral vector particles
Compositions with increasing numbers of infectious units (IU) of viral particles and
liquid volumes (with constant number (100 x 106) of cells) were subjected to the transduction
process described in e 7, with the following specifics. In each case, prior to transduction
initiation, cells were collected, , isolated, eserved, and activated as described in
e ll.
In the process described in Example 7, the composition containing the viral particles,
media, and air that was drawn in from the Diluent Bag position for combining with the cells via
the dilution protocol, included 60, 90, and 120 mL liquid volumes, respectively, for the different
conditions (with the 10 mL cell-containing composition, resulting in 70, 100, and 130 mL liquid
volume, respectively, for the individual ions), with the remaining of the 200 mL total
volume pulled into the chamber for ng being comprised of air. Each of these liquid
volumes included 6 X 106 IU viral vector particles per mL of liquid volume, resulting in an
increasing IU and IU/cell for each condition. The speed for the 3600 second spin was carried out
at approximately 7400 rpm, corresponding to an RCF of approximately 1600 g at the internal
wall of the cavity on the Sepax® unit. An untransduced (“mock”) control also was used.
After the ~24—hour incubation, the cells were expanded in a Bioreactor System with
perfusion. Transduction efficiency for the respective compositions was calculated on Day 6 as
tage of CD3+ T Cells with surface expression of the d CAR, detected as bed
in Example 1. The results are shown in . As shown, for the same number of cells, an
increasing amount of virus with corresponding increase in volume resulted in an increased
uction efficiency in this study.
Mean vector copy number (VCN) per transduced cell (cells expressing the transgene)
also was determined at day 6 for each condition by real—time quantitative PCR (RT—qPCR) as
described in Example 4. The results are presented in .
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Example 10: Effect of centrifugation time on transduction efficiency using a centrifugal
chamber
100 x 106 cells were subjected to uction as described in Example 7, with
various durations used for the incubation under centrifugation. Specifically, the total liquid
volume used for the centrifugation in the processing cavity of the chamber was 70 mL (with the
remaining 130 mL of the 200 mL total volume composed of air). Viral vector particles
containing a vector encoding an anti-CD19 CAR were included in this volume at a ratio of 3.6
IU/cell. In each case, prior to transduction initiation, cells were collected, washed, isolated,
cryopreserved, and activated as described in Example 11.
The spin for initiation of transduction was carried out at approximately 7400 rpm,
corresponding to an approximately a 1600 g relative centrifugal force on the inner side wall of
the processing chamber. The on of the spin at this speed was 10 minutes for one condition
and 60 minutes for the other.
After the ~24—hour incubation, the cells were expanded in a Bioreactor System with
perfusion. Transduction ency for the respective compositions was calculated on Day 6 as
percentage of CD3+ T Cells with surface expression of the encoded CAR detected as described
in Example 1. An untransduced control also was assessed (“untransduced”). The results are
shown in . As shown, in this study, r transduction efficiency was observed
following initiation of transduction of 100 x 106 cells in the sing cavity of the centrifuge
chamber under centrifugation for 60 minutes as compared to 10 minutes.
Example 11: Preparation of genetically engineered cells
This example describes an ary process which has been carried out to prepare,
from a biological , genetically ered T cells transduced with a nucleic acid d
by a Viral vector, according to certain embodiments provided . As described in individual
examples, prior to the transduction steps carried out in studies described in various es
herein, some of the steps of this process were carried out, for example, collection, wash,
cryopreseiyation, selection, and activation steps, as described in this example.
Various steps of the s were carried out within the sing cavity of a
centrifugal chamber having a rigid, generally cylindrical side wall and a piston capable of
moving within the chamber to vary the volume of the cavity (the processing cavity of a Sepax®
centrifuge chamber contained within a single-use kit). Specifically, steps carried out in the
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chamber included cell washing, dilution/buffer—exchange, steps for affinity—based selection (e.g.,
incubation with immunospecific binding ), transduction initiation, formulation, and steps
for activation/expansion (e.g., incubation with stimulatory agent(s)).
1. Sample Collection and Leukapheresis
A human leukapheresis sample enriched in mononuclear cells was obtained from a
whole blood sample from a subject using a leukapheresis collection system. The leukapheresis
sample was stored sealed at 2-8 ° C, for no more than about 48 hours.
2. heresis wash
The leukapheresis sample was sterilely transferred to a transfer pack. Cells of the
leukapheresis sample were washed and resuspended in a buffer for use in affinity-based
selection, the buffer ning PBS, EDTA, and human serum albumin. The wash was d
out within a sterile, single-use disposable kit sold by Biosafe SA for use in regenerative
medicine, which included a fugal chamber (1), ially as depicted in The
transfer pack containing the cells and a bag containing the buffer were sterilely connected to the
kit, which was placed in association with a Sepax® 2 processing unit. The wash and
resuspension were carried out using a standard cell wash protocol on the unit, with the cells
retained in the processing cavity (7) of the centrifuge chamber at the end of the protocol, for
subsequent incubation with reagents for affinity-based selection (see 3).
3. Affinity-based selection
For positive, immunoaffinity-based selection of T cells, the same automated program
was continued to incubate the washed cells in the selection buffer with magnetic beads d
to monoclonal antibodies specific for CD4 and CD8. The incubation was carried out at room
temperature in the same centrifugal chamber (1) in which the cells were retained after the wash
(see 2) described above. Specifically, the beads were mixed in selection buffer in a er
pack, which then was sterilely ted at a Diluent Bag position of the single—use kit used for
the wash step. A m was run on the Sepax® 2 unit which caused the bead mixture and
selection buffer to be drawn into the chamber with the washed cells, and the contents of the
chamber (total liquid volume 100 mL) to be mixed for 30 minutes, Via a semi—continuous
process. The mixing was carried outwith ed intervals, each including short duration
(approximately 1 second) centrifugation at low speed (approximately 1700 rpm), followed by a
short rest period ximately 6 seconds).
At the end of the program, the Sepax® 2 unit caused pelleting of the cells and
expulsion of excess buffer/beads into a bag at the Waste Bag position, washing of the pelleted
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cells, and resuspension in selection buffer. The wash was carried out on the Sepax® at an RCF
at the internal wall of the cavity of approximately 200 g, for 180 seconds. The program caused
the washed cells to be collected into a transfer pack placed at the Output Bag position in the
exemplary kit shown in the ts of which could be transferred via tubing lines to a
column for magnetic tion, within a closed system. Thus, the cell wash and incubation
with the affinity-based selection reagent was carried out entirely within the same closed, sterile
system, by passing liquid and cells to and from the cavity of the centrifugal chamber. The
ability to control and adjust liquid volumes and to mix the cells under on in the chamber
allowed use of substantially less of the selection reagent per cell processed as compared to
incubation in a tube with g or rotation.
The cells then were passed from the er pack, through a closed, e system of
tubing lines and a tion column, in the presence of a magnetic field using standard
methods, to separate cells that had bound to the CD4— and/or CD8—specific ts. These
magnetically—labeled cells then were collected in a transfer pack for further processing.
4. Cryopreservation
The transfer pack with the labeled, selected cells was sterilely—connected to a single—
use disposable kit sold by Biosafe AS for regenerative medicine for use with the Sepax® 2
system. The kit was essentially as shown in except that two ports, as opposed to one,
were present at the position to which the Output Bag is attached in the exemplary system shown
in with a collection bag sterilely connected at each port; two ports, as opposed to one,
were present at the position to which the Input Bag is connected in and a single port, as
opposed to two, were present at the position of Diluent Bags 1 and 2 in A standard wash
cycle was carried out on the Sepax® 2 unit to reduce the volume of the washed cells. A bag
with dia was sterilely connected to the kit and a dilution protocol run twice to transfer the
cryomedia to the cell composition and expel the resulting composition into the two output
cryopreservation bags. The cells in the cryopreservation bags were cryopreserved and stored in
liquid nitrogen until further use.
. Thaw and activation
Cryopreserved cells for were . The thawed cells were activated using an anti—
CD3/CD28 t(s), lly at 37°C, for a period of time as indicated for individual studies.
Prior to incubation with the reagent, the cells were washed and resuspended in complete media
using the Sepax® 2 , using a standard cell washing program and in a kit essentially as
shown in In the same kit, the cells were combined with the anti-CD3/28 reagent(s) in
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the cavity of the chamber by mixing with intervals of low—speed centrifugation and rest as
described for bead incubation for selection for 30 minutes at room temperature. Following the
incubation, the incubated material was transferred via the Sepax® 2 unit into an output cell
culture bag, which then was incubated at 37°C for the remainder of the activation period.
6. Transduction
uction was carried out in the centrifugal chamber integral to the kit, placed in
association with the Sepax® processing unit, as described in e 7, with specific details
given in particular examples.
7. Expansion
In some cases, following transduction, cells were further incubated, generally at 37
degrees C, to allow for expansion.
8. Wash, formulation
In some cases, the expanded and/or transduced cells were further washed, diluted,
and/or formulated for testing, storage, and/or administration. In some examples, expanded
and/or transduced cells were washed in the chamber integral to a single-use kit for use with the
Sepax® 2 system, for e as described for cryopreservation. In some cases, a bag
ning washed cells was ely connected to a kit such as shown in or such a kit
with a plurality of ports available for connection of containers, e.g., bags, at the Output Bag
position shown in
One example of such a port output kit is shown in , which shows a
ity of ports (17), to one or more of which may be connected a container, such as a bag, for
collection of output composition. The tion may be by sterile g of the desired
number of containers, depending for example, on the desired number of unit dosage form of the
cells to produce by a given method. To generate the kit shown in FIG. ll, a multi-way tubing
manifold with a plurality of ports (in the example shown in , eight) was sterilely welded
to an output line of a single—use kit sold by Biosafe AS for regenerative medicine use. A desired
number of ity of output bags were sterilely connected to one or more, generally two or
more, of these ports. In some examples, such bags were attached to fewer than all the ports.
Clamps (5) were placed on the tubing lines preventing movement of fluid into the individual
bags until desired. A bag containing the d liquid, such as formulation, assay, and/or
cryopreservation media, was sterilely connected to the kit and a dilution protocol run on the
Sepax® 2 unit a plurality of times, with the user opening and closing the respective clamps
leading to the appropriate number of bags, thereby generating an output composition in the
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desired formulation, split into the desired number of bags. In some embodiments, a single unit
dose of cells was collected in each of the respected bags, in a ation for administration to a
subject, such as the subject from which the leukapheresis product was derived.
The present invention is not intended to be limited in scope to the particular disclosed
embodiments, which are provided, for example, to illustrate various aspects of the invention.
Various modifications to the compositions and methods described will become nt from
the description and teachings herein. Such ions may be practiced without departing from
the true scope and spirit of the disclosure and are intended to fall within the scope of the present
disclosure.
Claims (113)
1. A transduction method, comprising incubating, in an al cavity of a centrifugal chamber, an input ition comprising cells and viral particles containing a recombinant viral vector, wherein: said centrifugal chamber ses: an end wall, a substantially rigid side wall extending from said end wall, and one or more gs, at least a portion of said side wall surrounding said internal cavity and at least one of the one or more openings being capable of permitting intake of liquid into said internal cavity and expression of liquid from said internal cavity; and a movable member capable of moving within the centrifugal chamber to vary the volume of the internal cavity, whereby the internal cavity is a cavity of variable volume defined by said end wall, said substantially rigid side wall, and said movable member; the fugal chamber is rotatable around an axis of rotation and is rotating around said axis of rotation during at least a portion of the incubation; and the method generates an output composition comprising a ity of the cells transduced with the viral vector.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the total liquid volume of said input ition present in said internal cavity during rotation of said centrifugal chamber is no more than about 5 mL per square inch of the internal surface area of the internal cavity.
3. The method of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein said rotating comprises rotation at a relative centrifugal force (RCF) at an internal surface of the side wall of the al cavity and/or at a surface layer of the cells of greater than at or about 200 g, greater than at or about 300 g, or r than at or about 500 g.
4. The method of any one of claims 1-3, wherein said rotating comprises rotation at a relative centrifugal force at an internal surface of the side wall of the internal cavity and/or at a surface layer of the cells that is: at or about 600 g, 800 g, 1000 g, 1100 g, 1600 g, 2000 g, 2100 g, 2200 g, 2500 g or 3000 g; or at least at or about 600 g, 800 g, 1000 g, 1100 g, 1600 g, 2000 g, 2100 g, 2200 g, 2500 g or 3000 g.
5. The method of any one of claims 1-4, wherein said rotating comprises rotation at a relative fugal force at an internal surface of the side wall of the internal cavity and/or at a surface layer of the cells that is between or between about 500 g and 2500 g, 500 g and 2000 g 500 g and 1600 g, 500 g an 1000 g, 600 g and 1600 g, 600 g and 1000 g, 1000 g and 2000 g or 1000 g and 1600 g, each inclusive.
6. The method of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the at least a portion of the incubation during which the centrifugal chamber is rotating is for a time that is: greater than or about 5 minutes, greater than or about 10 minutes, greater than or about 15 minutes, greater than or about 20 minutes, greater than or about 30 minutes, greater than or about 45 minutes, greater than or about 60 minutes, r than or about 90 minutes or greater than or about 120 minutes; or between or between about 5 minutes and 60 minutes, 10 minutes and 60 minutes, 15 s and 60 minutes, 15 minutes and 45 minutes, 30 minutes and 60 minutes or 45 minutes and 60 s, each inclusive.
7. The method of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the method further comprises, prior to or during said incubation, effecting movement of the movable , thereby increasing the internal volume of the al cavity.
8. The method of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the movement of the e member is axial within the centrifugal chamber.
9. The method of any one of claims 1-8, wherein said side wall is curvilinear.
10. The method of any one of claims 1-9, wherein: the movable member is a piston.
11. The method of any one of claims 1-10, wherein: at least one of the one or more openings comprises an inlet and an outlet, respectively capable of ting said intake and expression; or at least one of the one or more openings comprises a single inlet/outlet capable of permitting said intake and said expression.
12. The method of any one of claims 1-11, wherein at least one of the one or more openings is coaxial with the centrifugal chamber and is located in the end wall.
13. The method of any one of claims 1-12, wherein: the internal surface area of said internal cavity is at least at or about 1 x 109 µm2; the al surface area of said internal cavity is at least at or about 1 x 1010 µm2; the length of said rigid wall in the direction extending from said end wall is at least about 5 cm; the length of said rigid wall in the direction ing from said end wall is at least about 8 cm; and/or the internal cavity comprises a radius of at least about 2 cm at at least one crosssection.
14. The method of any one of claims 1-13, wherein: the average liquid volume of said input composition present in said internal cavity during said incubation is no more than about 5 iters (mL) per square inch of the internal surface area of the internal cavity during said incubation; the maximum liquid volume of said input ition present in said internal cavity at any one time during said incubation is no more than about 5 mL per square inch of the maximum al surface area of the internal cavity; the average liquid volume of said input composition present in said internal cavity during said incubation is no more than about 2.5 milliliters (mL) per square inch of the internal surface area of the internal cavity during said incubation; or the m liquid volume of said input composition present in said internal cavity at any one time during said incubation is no more than about 2.5 mL per square inch of the maximum internal surface area of the internal .
15. The method of any one of claims 1-14, wherein the liquid volume of said input composition present in said internal cavity during said rotation is between or between about 0.5 mL per square inch of the internal surface area of the internal cavity (mL/sq.in) and 5 mL/sq.in, 0.5 mL/sq.in. and 2.5 mL/sq.in., 0.5 mL/sq.in. and 1 mL/sq.in., 1 mL/sq.in. and 5 mL/sq.in., 1 mL/sq.in. and 2.5 mL/sq.in. or 2.5 mL/sq.in. and 5 mL/sq.in.
16. The method of any one of claims 1-15, n: the number of cells in said input composition is at or about the number of said cells sufficient to form a yer or a bilayer on the inner surface of said internal cavity during said rotation; and the number of said cells in said input composition is at or about the number of said cells ient to form a monolayer on the surface of said internal cavity during rotation of said centrifugal chamber at a force of at or about 1000 g or at or about 2000 g at an internal surface of the side wall and/or at a surface layer of the cells; and/or the number of said cells in said input composition is no more than 1.5 times or 2 times the number of said cells sufficient to form a yer on the surface of said internal cavity during rotation of said fugal chamber at a force of at or about 1000 g or at or about 2000 g at an internal surface of the side wall and/or at a surface layer of the cells.
17. The method of any one of claims 1-16, wherein: said input composition in the internal cavity comprises at least at or about 1 x 106 of said cells; said input composition in the internal cavity comprises at least at or about 5 x 106 of said cells; said input composition in the internal cavity comprises at least at or about 1 x 107 of said cells; or said input composition in the internal cavity comprises at least at or about 1 x 108 of said cells.
18. The method of any one of claims 1-17, wherein said input composition in the internal cavity comprises at least at or about 1 x 107 of said cells, at least at or about 2 x 107 of said cells, at least at or about 3 x 107 of said cells, at least at or about 4 x 107 of said cells, at least at or about 5 x 107 of said cells, at least at or about 6 x 107 of said cells, at least at or about 7 x 107 of said cells, at least at or about 8 x 107 of said cells, at least at or about 9 x 107 of said cells, at least at or about 1 x 108 of said cells, at least at or about 2 x 108 of said cells, at least at or about 3 x 108 of said cells or at least at or about 4 x 108 of said cells.
19. The method of any one of claims 1-18, wherein: said input composition comprises at least at or about 1 infectious unit (IU) of viral les per one of said cells, at least at or about 2 IU per one of said cells, at least at or about 3 IU per one of said cells, at least at or about 4 IU per one of said cells, at least at or about 5 IU per one of said cells, at least at or about 10 IU per one of said cells, at least at or about 20 IU per one of said cells, at least at or about 30 IU per one of said cells, at least at or about 40 IU per one of said cells, at least at or about 50 IU per one of said cells, or at least at or about 60 IU per one of said cells; or said input composition comprises at or about 1 infectious unit (IU) of viral particles per one of said cells, at or about 2 IU per one of said cells, at or about 3 IU per one of said cells, at or about 4 IU per one of said cells, at or about 5 IU per one of said cells, at or about 10 IU per one of said cells, at or about 20 IU per one of said cells, at or about 30 IU per one of said cells, at or about 40 IU per one of said cells, at or about 50 IU per one of said cells, or at or about 60 IU per one of said cells.
20. The method of any one of claims 1-19, wherein the maximum total liquid volume of said input composition present in said internal cavity at any one time during said incubation is no more than 2 times, no more than 10 times, or no more than 100 times, the total volume of said cells in said internal cavity or the average volume of the input composition over the course of the incubation is no more than 2, 10, or 100 times the total volume of cells in the internal cavity.
21. The method of any one of claims 1-20, wherein the maximum volume of said input composition present in said internal cavity at any one time during said incubation or the average volume over the course of the incubation is no more than at or about 2 times, 10 times, 25 times, 50 times, 100 times, 500 times, or 1000 times the volume of a monolayer of said cells formed on the inner surface of said al cavity during on of said centrifugal chamber at a force of at or about 1000 g or at or about 2000 g at an al surface of the side wall and/or at a surface layer of the cells.
22. The method of any one of claims 1-21, wherein the liquid volume of the input composition is no more than 20 mL, no more than 40 mL, no more than 50 mL, no more than 70 mL, no more than 100 mL, no more than 120 mL, no more than 150 mL or no more than 200 mL.
23. The method of any one of claims 1-22, wherein the input composition occupies all or substantially all of the volume of the internal cavity during at least a portion of said incubation.
24. The method of any one of claims 1-23, wherein, during at least a portion of the incubation in the centrifugal chamber or during the rotation of the centrifugal r, the liquid volume of the input composition occupies only a n of the volume of the internal cavity of the centrifugal r, the volume of the internal cavity during said at least a portion or during said rotation further comprising a gas, said gas taken into said internal cavity via at least one of the one or more openings, prior to or during said incubation.
25. The method of claim 24, whereby intake of gas into the centrifugal chamber effects movement of the movable member to increase the volume of the internal cavity of the centrifugal chamber, thereby decreasing the total liquid volume of said input composition present in said internal cavity during rotation of said centrifugal chamber per square inch of the internal surface area of the internal cavity ed to the e of gas in the centrifugal chamber.
26. The method of claim 24, wherein the method further comprises, prior to or during said incubation, effecting movement of the movable , thereby increasing the internal volume of the internal cavity and effecting the intake of the gas into the al cavity.
27. The method of any one of claims 1-26, wherein the input ition comprises a liquid volume that is less than the maximum volume of the internal cavity of the centrifugal chamber, the method further comprising providing gas at a volume that is up to the remainder of the maximum volume of the internal cavity of the centrifugal chamber.
28. The method of any one of claims 1-27, wherein: the number of cells is at least at or about 50 x 106 cells; 100 x 106 cells; or 200 x 106 cells; and/or the viral particles are present at at least 1.6 IU/cell, 1.8 IU/cell, 2.0 IU/cell, 2.4 IU/cell, 2.8 IU/cell, 3.2 IU/cell or 3.6 IU/cell, 4.0 IU/cell, 5.0 IU/cell, 6.0 IU/cell, 7.0 IU/cell, 8.0 IU/cell, 9.0 IU/cell or 10.0 IU/cell.
29. The method of any one of claims 1-28, wherein: the liquid volume of the input composition is less than or equal to 200 mL, less than or equal to 100 mL, less than or equal to 50 mL or less than or equal to 20 mL; and/or the liquid volume of the input composition is no more than 50%, no more than 40%, no more than 30%, no more than 20%, or no more than 10% of the volume of the internal surface area of the internal cavity during rotation or the maximum internal surface area of the internal .
30. The method of any one of claims 24-29, wherein: the remainder of the volume is gas; and/or the volume of gas is up to 200 mL, up to 180 mL, up to 140 mL or up to 100 mL.
31. The method of any one of claims 1-30, n said rotation is at a ve centrifugal force at an al surface of the side wall of the internal cavity or at a surface layer of the cells of at least at or about 600 g, 800 g, 1000 g, 1100 g, 1500 g, 1600 g, 2000 g, 2400 g, 2600g, 2800 g, 3000 g, 3200 g or 3600 g.
32. The method of any of claims 1-31, wherein: said input composition comprises greater than or about 20 mL, 50 mL, at least 100 mL, or at least 150 mL in volume; and said input composition comprises at least 1 x 108 cells.
33. The method of any one of claims 1-32, wherein: at least 25 % or at least 50 % of said cells in the output composition are transduced with said viral vector.
34. The method of any one of claims 1-33, wherein at least 25 % or at least 50 % of said cells in the output composition express a product of a heterologous nucleic acid comprised within said viral vector.
35. The method of any one of claims 1-34, wherein the number of said cells in said input composition is at or about the number of said cells sufficient to form a monolayer or a r on the inner surface of said internal cavity during said rotation.
36. The method of any one of claims 1-35, wherein the input composition in said internal cavity comprises a liquid volume of at least 20 mL or at least 50 mL and at or about 1 million cells per cm2 of the internal surface area of the al cavity during at least a portion of said incubation.
37. The method of any one of claims 1-36, n a r portion of the incubation is carried out outside of the centrifugal chamber and/or without rotation, said further portion d out subsequent to the at least a portion carried out in the centrifugal r and/or with rotation.
38. The method of any one of claims 1-37, wherein the at least a portion of the incubation carried out in the internal cavity of the centrifugal r and/or the further portion of the incubation is effected at or at about 37 ºC ± 2 ºC.
39. The method of claim 37 or claim 38, wherein the incubation further comprises transferring at least a plurality of the cells to a container during said incubation and said further portion of the incubation is effected in the container.
40. The method of claim 39, wherein the transferring is med within a closed system, wherein the centrifugal chamber and container are integral to the closed system.
41. The method of any one of claims 37-40, wherein: the incubation is carried out for a time between at or about 1 hour and at or about 96 hours, between at or about 4 hours and at or about 72 hours, between at or about 8 hours and at or about 48 hours, between at or about 12 hours and at or about 36 hours, between at or about 6 hours and at or about 24 hours, between at or about 36 hours and at or about 96 hours, inclusive; or the further portion of the incubation is carried out for a time between at or about 1 hour and at or about 96 hours, between at or about 4 hours and at or about 72 hours, between at or about 8 hours and at or about 48 hours, between at or about 12 hours and at or about 36 hours, between at or about 6 hours and at or about 24 hours, between at or about 36 hours and at or about 96 hours, inclusive.
42. The method of any one of claims 37-41, wherein: the incubation is carried out for a time that is no more than 48 hours, no more than 36 hours or no more than 24 hours; or the further portion of the incubation is carried out for a time that is no more than 48 hours, no more than 36 hours or no more than 24 hours.
43. The method of any one of claims 37-42, wherein: the incubation is performed in the presence of a stimulating agent; and/or the further portion of the incubation is performed in the presence of a stimulating agent.
44. The method of any one of claims 37-42, wherein: the incubation is carried out for a time that is no more than 24 hours; the cells in the composition have not been subjected to a temperature of greater than 30 ºC for more than 24 hours; and/or the tion is not performed in the ce of a stimulating agent.
45. The method of claim 43 or claim 44, wherein the stimulating agent is an agent capable of inducing proliferation of T cells, CD4+ T cells and/or CD8+ T cells.
46. The method of any one of claims 43-45, n the stimulating agent is a cytokine ed from among IL-2, IL-15 and IL-7.
47. The method of any one of claims 1-46, wherein the output composition containing uced cells comprises at least at or about 1 x 107 cells or at least at or about 5 x 107 cells.
48. The method of claim 47, wherein the output ition containing transduced cells comprises at least at or about 1 x 108 cells, 2 x 108 cells, 4 x 108 cells, 6 x 108, 8 x 108 cells or 1 x 109 cells.
49. The method of claim 47 or claim 48, wherein the cells are T cells.
50. The method of claim 49, wherein the T cells are unfractionated T cells, isolated CD4+ T cells and/or isolated CD8+ T cells.
51. The method of any one of claims 1-50, wherein the method results in integration of the viral vector into a host genome of one or more of the at least a plurality of cells and/or into a host genome of at least at or about 20 % or at least at or about 30 % or at least at or about 40 % of the cells in the output composition.
52. The method of any one of claims 1-51, wherein: at least 2.5 %, at least 5 %, at least 6 %, at least 8 %, at least 10 %, at least 20 %, at least 25 %, at least 30 %, at least 40 %, at least 50 %, or at least 75 % of said cells in said input composition are transduced with said viral vector by the method; and/or at least 2.5 %, at least 5 %, at least 6 %, at least 8 %, at least 10 %, at least 20 %, at least 25 %, at least 30 %, at least 40 %, at least 50 %, or at least 75 % of said cells in said output composition are transduced with said viral ; and/or at least 2.5 %, at least 5 %, at least 6 %, at least 8 %, at least 10 %, at least 20 %, at least 25 %, at least 30 %, at least 40 %, at least 50 %, or at least 75 % of said cells in said output composition express a product of a heterologous nucleic acid comprised within said viral vector.
53. The method of any one of claims 1-52, wherein, for an input ition comprising a virus at a ratio of about 1 or about 2 IU per cells, said method is capable of producing an output composition in which at least 10 %, at least 25 %, at least 30 %, at least 40 %, at least 50 %, or at least 75 % of the cells in said output composition generated by the method comprise said recombinant viral vector and/or express a t of a recombinant nucleic acid comprised within said vector.
54. The method of any one of claims 1-53, wherein: among all the cells in said output composition that contain the recombinant viral vector or into which the viral vector is integrated, the average copy number of said recombinant viral vector is no more than about 10, no more than about 5, no more than about 2.5, or no more than about 1.5; or among the cells in the output composition, the e copy number of said vector is no more than about 2, no more than about 1.5, or no more than about 1.
55. The method of any one of claims 152, wherein the centrifugal r is integral to a closed system, said closed system comprising said centrifugal chamber and at least one tubing line operably linked to at least one of the one or more openings via at least one tor, whereby liquid and gas are permitted to move between said internal cavity and said at least one tubing line in at least one uration of said system.
56. The method of claim 55, wherein: said at least one tubing line comprises a series of tubing lines; said at least one connector comprises a plurality of connectors; and said closed system further comprises at least one container operably linked to said series of tubing lines, the connector permitting liquid and/or gas to pass between said at least one container and at least one of the one or more openings via the series of tubing lines.
57. The method of claim 55 or claim 56, wherein said at least one connector comprises a connector selected from the group consisting of valves, luer ports, and spikes.
58. The method of any one of claims 55-57, wherein said at least one tor comprises a rotational valve.
59. The method of claim 58, n said rotational valve is a stopcock or multirotational port.
60. The method of any one of claims 55-59, wherein said at least one connector comprises an aseptic connector.
61. The method of any one of claims 56-60, wherein said at least one container comprises a container selected from the group consisting of bags, vials, and syringes.
62. The method of any one of claims 56-61, wherein said at least one container comprises a t container, a waste container, a product collection container, and/or an input product container.
63. The method of any one of claims 56-62, wherein said at least one container comprises at least one input ner comprising said viral vector particles and said cells, a waste container, a product ner, and at least one diluent container, each connected to said internal cavity via said at least one tubing line and said one or more openings.
64. The method of claim 63, wherein said method further comprises, prior to and/or during said incubation, effecting intake of said input ition into said internal cavity, said intake sing flowing of liquid from said at least one input container into said internal cavity through at least one of the one or more openings.
65. The method of any one of claims 56-64, wherein: at least one container further comprises a container that comprises a gas prior to and/or during at least a portion of said incubation; and/or the closed system further comprises a microbial filter capable of taking in gas to the internal cavity of the centrifugal r; and/or the closed system contains a syringe port for effecting intake of gas.
66. The method of claim 65, wherein the method comprises, prior to and/or during said incubation, providing or effecting intake of gas into said internal cavity under sterile conditions, said intake being effected by (a) flow of gas from the container that comprises gas, (b) flow of gas from an environment external to the closed system, via the microbial filter, or (c) flow of gas from a syringe ted to the system at the syringe port.
67. The method of claim 66, wherein the effecting intake of the gas into the internal cavity of the centrifugal chamber is d out simultaneously or together with the effecting intake of the input composition to the internal cavity of the centrifugal chamber.
68. The method of claim 66 or claim 67, wherein the input composition and gas are combined in a single container under sterile conditions outside of the centrifugal chamber prior to said intake of said input composition and gas into the internal cavity of the centrifugal chamber.
69. The method of claim 68, wherein the effecting of the intake of the gas is carried out separately, either simultaneously or sequentially, from the ing of the intake of the input composition into said internal cavity.
70. The method of any one of claims 66-69, wherein the intake of gas is effected by permitting or causing flow of the gas from a sterile closed container comprising the gas, an external environment through a microbial filter, or a syringe comprising said gas.
71. The method of any one of claims 24-70, n the gas is air.
72. The method of any one of claims 1-71, n the tion is part of a continuous process, the method further comprising: during at least a portion of said incubation, effecting continuous intake of said input composition into said internal cavity during rotation of the centrifugal chamber; and during a portion of said incubation, effecting continuous expression of liquid from said internal cavity through at least one of the one or more openings during rotation of the centrifugal chamber.
73. The method of claim 72, r comprising: during a portion of said incubation, ing continuous intake of gas into said internal cavity during rotation of the fugal chamber; and/or during a portion of said incubation, effecting continuous expression of gas from said internal cavity.
74. The method of claim 73, wherein the method comprises the expression of liquid and the sion of gas from said internal cavity, where each is expressed, aneously or sequentially, into a different container.
75. The method of any one of claims 72-74, wherein at least a portion of the continuous intake and the continuous expression occur simultaneously.
76. The method of any one of claims 1-75, wherein the incubation is part of a semi-continuous process, the method further comprising: prior to said tion, effecting intake of said input composition, and optionally gas, into said internal cavity through at least one of the one or more openings; subsequent to said incubation, effecting sion of liquid and optionally gas from said internal cavity; effecting intake of another input composition comprising cells and said viral particles containing a recombinant viral vector, and ally gas, into said internal cavity; and incubating said another input composition in said internal cavity; wherein the method generates another output composition comprising a plurality of cells of the another input composition that are transduced with said viral .
77. The method of any one of claims 64-76, wherein said providing or said intake of the input composition into the internal cavity comprises: intake of a single composition sing the cells and the viral particles containing the recombinant viral vector; or intake of a ition comprising the cells and a separate composition comprising the viral particles containing the recombinant viral vector, whereby the compositions are mixed, effecting intake of the input composition.
78. The method of any one of claims 64-77, wherein the method further comprises: effecting rotation of said centrifugal r prior to and/or during said incubation; effecting expression of liquid from said internal cavity into said waste container following said incubation; effecting expression of liquid from said at least one diluent container into said internal cavity via at least one of the one or more openings and effecting mixing of the contents of said internal cavity; and effecting expression of liquid from said internal cavity into said product container, thereby transferring cells transduced with the viral vector into said product container.
79. The method of any of claims 1-78, wherein the method is part of a s that further comprises one or more additional cell processing steps carried out in the internal cavity of the centrifugal chamber, the one or more additional cell processing steps being selected from the group consisting of cell washing, cell dilution, cell selection, cell isolation, cell separation, cell cultivation, cell ation, cell packaging, and cell formulation.
80. The method of any one of claims 1-79, further comprising: (a) washing a biological sample comprising said cells in an internal cavity of a fugal chamber prior to said incubation; and/or (b) isolating said cells from a biological sample, wherein at least a portion of the isolation step is performed in an internal cavity of a centrifugal chamber prior to said incubation; and/or (c) stimulating cells prior to and/or during said incubation, said stimulating comprising exposing said cells to stimulating ions, y inducing activation and/or proliferation of cells of the input composition, wherein at least a portion of the step of stimulating cells is performed in an internal cavity of a centrifugal chamber.
81. The method of claim 80, wherein said isolating comprises carrying out immunoaffinity-based ion.
82. The method of claim 80 or claim 81, wherein said ating ions comprise the presence of an agent capable of activating one or more intracellular signaling domains of one or more components of a TCR x; said stimulating conditions initiate an ITAM-induced signal specific for a TCR component and/or promotes a costimulatory signal of a T cell costimulatory receptor; and/or said stimulating conditions se the presence of a cytokine selected from among IL-2, IL-15, and IL-7.
83. The method of claim 82, wherein said agent comprises a primary agent that specifically binds to a member of a TCR complex and a secondary agent that specifically binds to a T cell costimulatory molecule.
84. The method of claim 83, wherein: the primary agent ically binds to CD3; and/or the costimulatory molecule is selected from the group consisting of CD28, CD137 (4- 1-BB), OX40, and ICOS.
85. The method of claim 83 or claim 84, wherein the primary agent is an anti- CD3 antibody, and the secondary agent is an anti-CD28 dy.
86. The method of any one of claims 83-85, wherein said primary and secondary agents comprise dies and/or are present on the surface of a solid support.
87. The method of any one of claims 80-86, wherein said biological sample in (a) and/or in (b) is or comprises a whole blood sample, a buffy coat sample, a peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) sample, an unfractionated T cell sample, a lymphocyte sample, a white blood cell sample, an apheresis product, or a leukapheresis product.
88. The method of any one of claims 1-87, further comprising formulating cells transduced by the method in a pharmaceutically acceptable buffer in an internal cavity of a centrifugal chamber, thereby producing a formulated composition.
89. The method of claim 88, further comprising effecting expression of the formulated composition to one or a plurality of containers.
90. The method of claim 89, wherein the effecting of expression of the formulated ition comprises effecting expression of a number of the cells present in a single unit dose to one or each of said one or a plurality of containers.
91. The method of any one of claims 80-90, n each of said internal cavities of a centrifugal chamber is the same or different internal cavity of a centrifugal chamber employed in one or more of the other steps and/or in the process of incubating and/or rotating an input composition containing cells and viral les.
92. The method of any one of claims 80-91, wherein each of said fugal chambers is integral to a closed system, said closed system comprising said centrifugal chamber and at least one tubing line ly linked to at least one of the one or more openings via at least one connector, whereby liquid and gas are permitted to move between said internal cavity and said at least one tubing line in at least one configuration of said system.
93. The method of any one of claims 1-92, wherein said cells in said input composition are primary cells.
94. The method of any one of claims 1-93, wherein: said cells in said input composition comprise suspension cells; said cells in said input composition comprise white blood cells; and/or said cells in said input composition comprise T cells or NK cells.
95. The method of any one of claims 1-94, wherein said cells in said input composition are tionated T cells, isolated CD8+ T cells, or isolated CD4+ T cells.
96. The method of any one of claims 1-95, wherein said cells in said input composition are human cells.
97. The method of any one of claims 1-96, wherein the input composition further comprises one or more onal agents to promote uction efficiency.
98. The method of claim 97, wherein the one or more additional agents is a polycation, hexadimethrine e, or CH-296.
99. The method of claim 98, wherein: the polycation is protamine e; and/or the concentration of the polycation is from 1 μg/mL to 100 μg/mL.
100. The method of any one of claims 99, n, during said incubation, said centrifugal chamber is associated with a sensor, said sensor capable of monitoring the position of said movable member, and control circuitry, said circuitry capable of receiving and transmitting information to and from said sensor and causing movement of said movable member, said control circuitry further associated with a centrifuge e of causing rotation of said centrifugal chamber during said incubation.
101. The method of any one of claims 1-100, wherein during said incubation, said centrifugal chamber is located within a centrifuge and ated with a sensor, said sensor capable of monitoring the position of said movable member, and control circuitry capable of receiving and itting information from said sensor and causing movement of said movable member, intake and expression of liquid and/or gas to and from said cavity via said one or more openings, and rotation of said fugal chamber via said centrifuge.
102. The method of claim 100 or claim 101, wherein said centrifugal chamber, said l circuitry, said centrifuge, and said sensor are housed within a t during said incubation.
103. The method of any of claims 1-102, wherein said centrifugal chamber is associated with a sensor capable of measuring the rotational speed of the centrifugal r or the volume contained within the internal cavity.
104. The method of any of claims 1-103, wherein the recombinant viral vector is a recombinant lentiviral vector or a recombinant retroviral vector.
105. The method of any one of claims 1-104, wherein said recombinant viral vector encodes a recombinant receptor, which is thereby expressed by cells of the output composition.
106. The method of claim 105, wherein said recombinant receptor is a recombinant antigen receptor.
107. The method of claim 106, wherein said recombinant n receptor is a functional non-T cell receptor.
108. The method of claim 106, wherein said recombinant antigen receptor is a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR).
109. The method of claim 106, wherein said recombinant antigen receptor is a transgenic T cell receptor (TCR).
110. The method of claim 108, wherein said CAR comprises an extracellular portion that specifically binds to a ligand and an ellular signaling portion containing an activating domain and a costimulatory domain.
111. The method of any one of claims 1-110, wherein: the cells comprise primary human T cells ed from a human subject; and prior to said incubation and/or prior to completion of said transduction and/or, where the method includes formulation, prior to the formulation, the primary human T cells have not been present externally to the subject at a temperature of r than 30°C for greater than 1 hour, r than 6 hours, greater than 24 hours, or greater than 48 hours; or prior to said incubation and/or prior to the completion of the transduction, and/or where the method includes formulation, prior to the formulation, the primary human T cells have not been incubated in the presence of an antibody specific for CD3 and/or an antibody specific for CD28 and/or a cytokine, for greater than 1 hour, greater than 6 hours, greater than 24 hours, or greater than 48 hours.
112. The method of claim 49, wherein at least at or about 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, or 80 % of the T cells in the output composition se high expression of CD69 and/or TGF-beta-II.
113. The method of claim 112, wherein said at least 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, or 80 % of the T cells in the composition se no surface expression of CD62L and/or comprise high expression of CD25, ICAM, GM-CSF, IL-8 and/or IL-2.
Priority Applications (2)
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NZ769595A NZ769595A (en) | 2014-11-05 | 2015-11-04 | Methods for transduction and cell processing |
NZ769598A NZ769598A (en) | 2014-11-05 | 2015-11-04 | Methods for transduction and cell processing |
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US201462075801P | 2014-11-05 | 2014-11-05 | |
US62/075,801 | 2014-11-05 | ||
US201562129023P | 2015-03-05 | 2015-03-05 | |
US62/129,023 | 2015-03-05 | ||
PCT/US2015/059030 WO2016073602A2 (en) | 2014-11-05 | 2015-11-04 | Methods for transduction and cell processing |
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NZ732130B2 true NZ732130B2 (en) | 2022-03-01 |
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