NZ731370A - Gusset plate and column assembly for moment resisting bi-axial beam-to-column joint connections - Google Patents
Gusset plate and column assembly for moment resisting bi-axial beam-to-column joint connectionsInfo
- Publication number
- NZ731370A NZ731370A NZ731370A NZ73137017A NZ731370A NZ 731370 A NZ731370 A NZ 731370A NZ 731370 A NZ731370 A NZ 731370A NZ 73137017 A NZ73137017 A NZ 73137017A NZ 731370 A NZ731370 A NZ 731370A
- Authority
- NZ
- New Zealand
- Prior art keywords
- gusset plate
- gusset
- column
- plates
- open slot
- Prior art date
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- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 92
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Abstract
gusset plate assembly for use in connecting at least two beams to a hollow tubular column in a building. The gusset plate assembly can receive said at least two beams in a biaxial orientation of said beams. The gusset plate assembly comprises gusset plates sized for transferring the weights of said at least two beams and their reaction forces and bending moments from the application of severe load conditions acting on the building to the hollow tubular column. At least one of the gusset plates receives a portion of a second of the gusset plates. A joint penetration groove weld joining the first and second gusset plates together allows the gusset plate assembly to be free of welds on its internal corners. A method of assembling a gusset plate assembly is also disclosed. aid at least two beams and their reaction forces and bending moments from the application of severe load conditions acting on the building to the hollow tubular column. At least one of the gusset plates receives a portion of a second of the gusset plates. A joint penetration groove weld joining the first and second gusset plates together allows the gusset plate assembly to be free of welds on its internal corners. A method of assembling a gusset plate assembly is also disclosed.
Description
GUSSET PLATE AND COLUMN ASSEMBLY FOR MOMENT RESISTING BI-AXIAL
BEAM-TO-COLUMN JOINT CONNECTIONS
This application claims priority from United States patent application
/284,107, filed 3 October 2016, and United States patent application 15/284,142,
filed 3 October 2016, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention generally relates to moment resisting, bi-axial
beam-to-column joint connections, and more particularly to a gusset plate assembly
used with a hollow tubular column for a bi-axial beam-to-column moment-resisting
joint connection.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
It has been found in a moment-resisting building having a structural
steel framework, that most of the energy of an earthquake, or other extreme loading
condition, is absorbed and dissipated, in or near the beam-to-column moment
resisting joints of the building.
It is desirable to achieve greater strength, ductility and joint rotational
capacity in beam-to-column moment resisting connections in order to make buildings
less vulnerable to disastrous events. Greater connection strength, ductility and joint
rotational capacity are particularly desirable in resisting sizeable moments in both the
lateral and the vertical plane. That is, the beam-to-column moment-resisting
connections in a steel frame building can be subjected to large rotational demands in
the vertical plane due to interstory lateral building drift. Engineering analysis, design
and full-scale specimen testing have determined that prior steel frame connection
techniques can be substantially improved by strengthening the beam-to-column
connection in a way which better resists and withstands the sizeable beam-to-
column, joint rotations which are placed upon the beam and the column. That is, the
beam-to-column connection must be a strong and ductile, moment-resisting
connection.
Hollow tubular columns are structurally efficient members to use in a
variety of building design applications (both structural and architectural), including
moment frames. Hollow tubular columns include, but are not limited to, Hollow
Structural Section (HSS) columns and built-up box columns. However traditional
moment connections types that connect a wide flange (‘H’ section) beam to a hollow
tubular column involve significantly different design considerations than does
connecting a wide flange beam to a wide flange column. During loading conditions,
the moments in the wide flange beams are resolved into concentrated forces at the
beam flanges that must be transferred into the column. The main difference between
a hollow tubular column and a wide flange column is how the forces from the beam
flanges are transferred into the column webs to be resisted as shear. In a wide
flange column, the web is located at the center of the column flange. In a hollow
tubular column, the forces from the beam flanges applied to the column face must be
transferred to the sidewalls of the column, which act as the webs of the column. For
traditional moment connection types that connect a wide flange beam to a hollow
tubular column, the side walls of the hollow tubular column facing the beams ("flange
walls") must structurally span between the other sidewalls ("webs") of the column to
transfer out-of-plane forces from the beam flanges to the column webs. Accordingly,
for such traditional moment connection types, the thickness of the flange walls of the
hollow tubular column becomes a critical consideration for the out of plane strength
and stiffness of the flange walls.
Conventional methods of connecting a hollow tubular column to a
wide flange beam must rely on technically uncertain and costly means to transfer
significant moment forces to the webs of hollow tubular columns. These current
methods are typically used in uniaxial moment frame applications. One such method
is directly welding flanges of the wide flange beams to the flange wall faces of a
hollow tubular column. This method is self-limiting when the applied moment
approaches the full flexural strength of the beam because of the inherent out of
plane flexibility of the flange wall thickness of the hollow tubular column. Therefore,
the direct welding technique has limited capacity to transfer applied moment forces
through out-of-plane bending and shear to the connecting webs of the hollow tubular
column.
Another conventional method is through-plate connections wherein
the hollow tubular column is cut in two places at each floor level to allow through-
plates attached to the top and bottom flanges of the wide flange beam to pass
through the column. These through-plates are welded along the full perimeter of the
cut sections of the hollow tubular column on both top and bottom faces of each
through-plate. These type of connections have proven to be both costly to fabricate
and uncertain in their performance when subjected to violent earthquakes. For
example, the connection may be inherently susceptible to out-of-plane punching
shear failures in the through-plate due to cyclic tensile forces in the column.
Exterior diaphragm plate connections (also known as cut-out plates)
are similar to the through-plate connections in that they use flange plates attached to
the top and bottom flanges of the beam to transfer the moments. However, in the
exterior diaphragm plate connection the hollow tubular column remains continuous
and the top and bottom flange plates are made wider than the width of the hollow
tubular column to allow for cut openings having a perimeter that surrounds and is
attached to the full perimeter of the hollow tubular column. This connection is
inherently difficult to fabricate and erect.
Interior diaphragm plate connections consist of shop welded plates
that are cut to fit along the inside perimeter of the hollow tubular column, thereby
stiffening the flange walls of the hollow tubular column and thus providing a
strengthening means to transfer beam flange forces to the sidewall webs of the
hollow tubular column. Top and bottom flanges of wide flange beam are directly
welded to the flange wall faces of the column. The fabrication of this connection type
is difficult because of precise fit up issues and difficulty in access for welding of
interior diaphragm plates to inside faces of the hollow tubular column. The
performance of this connection type is correspondingly uncertain.
SUMMARY
In one aspect of the present invention, a gusset plate assembly for
use in connecting at least two beams to a hollow tubular column in a building is
configured to receive said at least two beams in a biaxial orientation of said beams.
The gusset plate assembly generally comprises gusset plates sized for transferring
the weights of said at least two beams and their reaction forces and bending
moments from the application of severe load conditions acting on the building to the
hollow tubular column. At least a first of the gusset plates is configured to receive a
portion of a second of the gusset plates therein. A joint penetration groove weld
joins the first and second gusset plates together.
In another aspect of the present invention a method of constructing a
gusset plate assembly for use with a column assembly including a hollow tubular
column and connected gusset plates configured to form bi-axial moment connections
with beams in a building framework is described. The method comprises mating a
first of the gusset plates with a second of the gusset plates so that a portion of at
least one of the first and second gusset plates is received in an open slot of the other
of the first and second gusset plates whereby inner surfaces of the mated gusset
plates define an interior corner and outer surfaces of the mated gusset plates define
plural exterior corners. A joint penetration groove weld is formed on at least one of
the exterior corners of the mated first and second gusset plates.
Other objects and features of the present invention will be in part
apparent and in part pointed out hereinafter.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
is a diagrammatic fragmentary perspective of a building
framework;
is a fragmentary perspective showing a full-length beam
assembly being lowered into connection with adjacent column assemblies in the
framework;
is a fragmentary perspective of a four-sided bi-axial beam-to-
column joint connection structure including a column assembly;
is a fragmentary perspective of the column assembly;
is a front elevation of a first gusset plate of a gusset plate
assembly;
is a front elevation of a second gusset plate of the gusset plate
assembly;
is a fragmentary top plan view of a column having the first
gusset plate laid on top of the column that is placed in a horizontal position in a first
horizontal assembly position for initiating construction of a gusset plate assembly on
the column;
is the top plan view of Fig. 6 showing first and second fillet
welds made to connect the first gusset plate to the column;
is an end elevation of the column and first gusset plate of Fig.
is a fragmentary perspective of the column and first gusset
plate of Fig. 7, illustrating mating second and third gusset plates with the first gusset
plate;
is a top and right side fragmentary perspective similar to Fig.
9 and illustrating mating the third gusset plate with the first gusset plate;
is the fragmentary perspective of Fig. 9 showing the third
gusset plate mated with the first gusset plate;
is an end elevation of the column and first, second and third
gusset plates, illustrating additional welds formed to connect the second and third
gusset plates to the first gusset plate and to the column;
A is an enlarged fragment of the end elevation of Fig. 10
showing welds in the upper right hand corner of the column and attached gusset
plates;
B is a fragmentary perspective of the subassembly shown in
Fig. 10 showing completed welds between the first and third gusset plates;
is an elevation as seen from the opposite end of the column
from that shown in Fig. 10;
is the end elevation of Fig. 10 rotated counterclockwise 90° to
a second assembly position;
is the end elevation of Fig. 12 illustrating the connection of a
fourth gusset plate to the second and third gusset plates and welds connecting the
fourth gusset plate to the third gusset plate;
is an enlarged fragment of the end elevation of Fig. 13
showing welds in the upper left hand corner of the column and attached gusset
plates;
is an elevation as seen from the opposite end of the column
from that shown in Fig. 13;
is the end elevation of Fig. 13 rotated counterclockwise 90° to
a third assembly position;
is the end elevation of Fig. 16 illustrating welds connecting
the fourth gusset plate to the second and third gusset plates;
is an elevation as seen from the opposite end of the column
of Fig. 17;
is the end elevation of Fig. 17 rotated counterclockwise 90° to
a fourth assembly position;
is the end elevation of Fig. 19 illustrating welds connecting
the second gusset plate to the first and fourth gusset plates;
is an elevation as seen from the opposite end of the column
of Fig. 20
is a front, fragmentary perspective of a column assembly
configured for receiving three beams;
is a rear, fragmentary perspective of the column assembly of
Fig. 22;
is a top plan view of the column assembly of Fig. 22;
is an enlarged, fragmentary view of the lower left hand corner
of the column assembly as shown in Fig. 24;
is a front elevation of a first gusset plate of the column
assembly of Fig. 22;
is a front elevation of a second gusset plate thereof;
is a front elevation of a third gusset plate thereof;
is a front elevation of a fifth gusset plate thereof;
is an end elevation of a column of the column assembly of
Fig. 22 having a (fourth) gusset plate laid on top of the column that is placed in a
horizontal position in a first assembly position and welded to the column for initiating
construction of a gusset plate assembly on the column;
is the end elevation of Fig. 30 rotated 180° and showing
additional welds connecting the fourth gusset plate to the column;
is the end elevation of Fig. 31 showing welding of first and
third gusset plates to the column;
is the end elevation of Fig. 32 showing second and fifth
gusset plates welded to the first and third gusset plates;
is an elevation as seen from the opposite end of the column
from that shown in Fig. 33;
is the end elevation of Fig. 33 rotated counterclockwise 90°
and showing additional welds connecting the second gusset plate to the column and
to the first gusset plate;
is an end elevation as seen from the opposite end of the
column from that shown in Fig. 35;
is the end elevation of Fig. 35 rotated 180° and showing
additional welds connecting the fifth gusset plate to the column and to the third
gusset plate;
is an end elevation as seen from the opposite end of the
column from that shown in fig. 37;
is a fragmentary perspective of a column assembly including
a gusset plate assembly having four distinct interconnected pairs of plates attached
to a column;
is a front elevation of a first and a fourth gusset plate of the
column assembly of Fig. 39;
is a front elevation of a second and seventh gusset plate of
the column assembly of Fig. 39;
is a front elevation of a third and sixth gusset plate of the
column assembly of Fig. 39;
is a front elevation of a fifth and eighth gusset plate of the
column assembly of Fig. 39;
is an end elevation of a column of the column assembly of
Fig. 39 having first and third gusset plates laid on top of the column that is placed in
a horizontal position in a first assembly position for initiating construction of a gusset
plate assembly on the column;
is the end elevation of Fig. 44 illustrating mating and
connection of the third and fifth gusset plates to the column and to each other and
additional connections;
is an elevation as seen from the opposite end of the column
from that shown in Fig. 45;
is the end elevation of Fig. 45 rotated counterclockwise 90° to
a second assembly position illustrating mating and connection of the sixth and eighth
gusset plates to the column and to each other and additional connections;
is an elevation as seen from the opposite end of the column
from that shown in Fig. 47;
is the end elevation of Fig. 47 rotated counterclockwise 90° to
a third assembly position illustrating mating and connection of the fourth and seventh
gusset plates to the column and to each other and additional connections;
is an elevation as seen from the opposite end of the column
from that shown in Fig. 49;
is the end elevation of Fig. 49 rotated counterclockwise 90° to
a third assembly position illustrating final connection of the fourth and seventh and
third and fifth gusset plates to the column and to each other;
is an elevation as seen from the opposite end of the column
from that shown in Fig. 51;
is a perspective of a gusset plate assembly formed with joint
penetration groove welds;
is a top plan view of the gusset plate assembly of Fig. 53;
is a bottom plan view of the gusset plate assembly of Fig. 53.
Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding parts
throughout the drawings.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Referring to Figs. 1-3, a bi-axial beam-to-column moment-resisting
joint connection structure including a column assembly is generally indicated at 11.
The joint connection structure may be used in the construction of a building
framework 1 (see, Fig. 1). In the illustrated embodiment, the joint connection
structure joins a column assembly 13 including a column 15 to a plurality of full-
length beam assemblies 17 each including a full-length beam 19. A full-length beam
is a beam that has a length sufficient to extend substantially the full-length between
adjacent columns in a structure. Thus, a stub and link beam assembly as shown in
Figs. 5 and 16 of U.S. Patent No. 6,138,427, herein incorporated by reference, is not
a full-length beam. However, it will be understood that the present invention may be
used with stub and link beams and other beams that are not full-length beams. It will
be understood that the beams 19 in Fig. 2 have been broken away, but are full-
length beams. The beams 19 may have any suitable configuration, such as an I-
beam, H-beam configuration, or hollow rectangular shape (built-up box member or
HSS tube section).
In the illustrated embodiment of Fig. 2, the joint connection structure
has a 4-sided/4-beam configuration whereby four full-length beam assemblies 17 are
configured to be attached to the column assembly 13. However, as may be seen in
Fig. 1, other joint connections 11', 11" using column assemblies 13', 13' involving
three beams and two beams are also employed in the framework 1. The
construction of the beam assembly 13', 13" may be closely similar to what is
described for column assembly 13. It will be understood that some of the column
assemblies 13, 13', 13" in the framework may have a construction different than that
described for column assembly 13 herein. In the illustrated embodiment, column 15
is an HSS tube section structure having a rectangular (broadly, "polygonal") cross
section defined by four column faces 20A, 20B, 20C and 20D. However, the column
may have other configurations, such as a built-up box member, and in general will
be referred to as a hollow tubular column. As illustrated herein, the column 15
comprises an enclosed rectangular wall including opposing planar wall members.
The global moment-resisting frame design configuration of the
building framework 1 can, as needed, provide a distributed moment-resisting space
frame wherein all or most beam-to-column connections are moment-resisting in each
principal direction of the building. This bi-axial beam-to-column moment resisting
framework 1 is in contrast to conventional building frameworks which may use fewer
discretely located uniaxial moment frames throughout a building foot print in each
principal direction of the building. The global frame structure that is framework 1 is a
beam-to-column framing system that maximizes structural redundancy in the lateral
load resisting system of a multi-story building to increase resistance to progressive
collapse scenarios when subjected to, for example, terrorist bomb blast and other
catastrophic load environments. Other configurations are possible. For example,
another cost-effective framework (not shown) constructed according to the principles
of this invention can include fewer but discretely located biaxial moment resisting
joint connections. Such a framework can achieve similar performance objectives
while minimizing the number of required moment-resisting beam-to-column joints to
be constructed, which in turn reduces construction costs.
Referring to Fig. 3, the column assembly 13 includes a collar like
gusset plate assembly 21 for attaching the column assembly to the beam assemblies
17, similar to what is shown in co-assigned U.S. Patent Application Serial No.
/144,414, filed May 2, 2016. A unique method of fabricating the column assembly
13 using the column 15 as a jig for building up the gusset plate assembly 21 in an
ordered sequence, one gusset plate at a time, will be described in more detail
hereinafter. The gusset plate assembly 21 comprises a plurality of gusset plates
23A, 23B, 23C and 23D connected to the column 15 and extending laterally outward
from the column. The gusset plates 23A-23D extend within planes generally parallel
to a longitudinal axis of the column 15, and include bolt holes 26A for receiving bolts
26 to connect the full-length beam assemblies 17 to the column assembly 13 (Fig.
2). A first pair of spaced apart parallel, vertically and horizontally extending gusset
plates 23A, 23D sandwich the column 15 and co-axially extending beams 19. The
first pair of gusset plates 23A, 23D extends laterally outward from the column 15 in
opposite directions along a first column axis and defines spaces for receiving end
portions of beams 19 for mounting respective beam assemblies 17 to the column
assembly 13 via the gusset plate assembly 21. A second pair of spaced apart
parallel, vertically and horizontally extending gusset plates 23B, 23C sandwich the
column 15 and co-axially extending beams 19. The second pair of gusset plates
23B, 23C extends laterally outward from the column 15 in opposite directions along a
second column axis extending orthogonally to the first axis. The second pair of
gusset plates 23B, 23C defines spaces for receiving end portions of beams 19 for
mounting respective beam assemblies 17 to the column assembly 13 via the gusset
plate assembly 21. The first and second pairs of gusset plates each intersect a
single plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the column 15. In the illustrated
embodiment, the gusset plate assembly 21 is constructed and arranged so that four,
co-planar beams 19 are connected to the column 15.
The gusset plates 23A, 23D have the same construction in the
illustrated embodiment. Figure 4 shows one gusset plate, but is designated by both
23A and 23D to indicate that the construction is the same for both. As illustrated in
Fig. 4, the first gusset plate 23A is shown as it would appear when looking toward a
face 20A of the column 15, and fourth gusset plate 23D is shown as it would appear
when looking toward the face 20C of the column. The gusset plate 23A, 23D is
shown to include a closed interior aperture 41 (broadly, "elongate opening") having
an edge defining a closed loop encompassing the aperture. The gusset plate 23A,
23D also has a pair of open slots 43 flanking the interior aperture 41. The open slots
43 extend from a top of the gusset plate 23A, 23D, where they open upwardly from
the gusset plates, to an interior of the gusset plates. One edge margin of the gusset
plate 23A, 23D defining an edge of the open slot 43 forms a bevel 44 that facilitates
welding as will be described hereinafter. In the illustrated embodiment the open
slots 43 extend about half the depth of the gusset plate 23A, 23D. The gusset plates
23B, 23C have the same construction as each other but differ from gusset plates
23A, 23D on account of the different orientation these plates will assume in the
gusset plate assembly 21. Figure 5 shows one gusset plate, but is designated by
both 23B and 23C to indicate that the construction is the same. As shown in Fig. 5,
second gusset plate 23B is seen as it would appear looking toward the face 20D of
the column, and third gusset plate 23C is seen as it would appear looking toward the
face 20B of the column. The gusset plate 23B, 23C includes a closed interior
aperture 45 (broadly, "elongate opening") of substantially the same construction as
the aperture 41, and a pair of open slots 47 flanking the interior aperture. The open
slots 47 extend from a bottom of the gusset plates 23B, 23C, where they open
downwardly from the gusset plates, to an interior of the gusset plates. One edge
margin of each open slot 47 defining an edge of the slot forms a bevel 48 that
facilitates welding between mated gusset plates as will be described more fully. The
open slots 43, 47 of the gusset plates 23A, 23D and 23B, 23C allow the gusset
plates to be assembled with each other and onto the column 15 in an ordered
sequential manner, gusset plate by gusset plate, as will be described hereinafter.
Referring to Figs. 1, 1A and 2, horizontal cover plates 27 are
disposed on top of and attached to an end of the beams 19. The cover plates 27
have a width that is greater than a width of the respective beam 19 and a horizontal
spacing between the associated gusset plate pair 23A, 23D and between associated
gusset plate pair 23B, 23C. As shown in Fig. 1A, the configuration of the cover
plates 27 allows the full-length beams 19 to be lowered between the gusset plates
23B, 23C of respective column assemblies 13 so that each end of the full-length
beam assembly 17 is initially supported in bearing between the cover plate 27 and
the top edge of the horizontal extension of the gusset plates 23 of the column
assembly 13. In other words, the beams 19 are self-shoring. In the illustrated
embodiment, the cover plates 27 may rest on a top face of a projecting horizontal leg
of upper angle irons 35 attached in a suitable manner such as by welding to the
exterior faces of gusset plates 23A-23D. The cover plates 27 extend along the
length of their respective beams 19 and terminate at or just beyond the ends of the
gusset plates 23A-23D. The cover plates 27 each have an oblong radiused slot
opening 30 extending along the length of the cover plate and opening at one edge of
the cover plate. U-shaped fillet welds 31 in the slot openings 30 connect the cover
plates 27 to the upper flanges of the beams 19. It will be understood that the cover
plates 27 may have other widths, configurations and slot-type oblong openings. For
example, a cover plate (not shown) may have no slot opening 30 or a fully enclosed
slot opening. Vertical shear plates 32 (only two of which are shown) are attached in
a suitable manner such as by fillet welds 33 to the web of the beam 19 on both sides
of the web.
The beam assembly 17 is attached by bolts 26 to the column
assembly 13 (Fig. 2). More particularly, bolts 26 are received through holes 26A in
the cover plates 27 and aligned bolt holes 26A in the upper angle irons 35. Lower
angle irons 34 welded to the lower flange of the beam 19 receive bolts 26 that also
pass through holes 26a in the gusset plates 23A-23D. In addition, bolts 26 are
received through holes 26A in the gusset plates 23A-23D and through holes 26A in
the vertical shear plate element 32 for transferring beam shear to the resisting
gusset plate 23A-23D. The vertical shear plate element 32 has a suitable
configuration, such as that of a vertically oriented angle iron. Other configurations
(not shown) for connection of a beam assembly to a column assembly including
gusset plates may be used within the scope of the present invention. For example
and without limitation, a beam assembly could be formed with the locations of the
cover plate 27 and angle irons 34 reversed in vertical position from what is shown in
Fig. 1A. With the cover plate on the bottom of the beam, the beam assembly can be
field erected by raising it so that ends of the beam assemblies are received between
corresponding pairs of gusset plates. This is the opposite of what is illustrated in Fig.
1A, where the beam assembly 17 is lowered into place between the gusset plates
23A, 23B of the column assemblies 13. An advantage of this embodiment is that it
allows non-structural building systems, such as electrical conduit, mechanical
ductwork, piping and sprinkler systems that typically run perpendicular to the beam
19 to be attached to the bottom flanges of beams.
The joint connection structure 11 outlined above is a bi-axial beam-to-
column moment resisting type structure. The structure 11 provides for a full-length
beam assembly connection along four sides of hollow tubular column 15. Each of
the components of the joint connection structure 11, as well as the beam 19 and
column 15, are preferably made of structural steel. Some of the components of the
joint connection structure 11 are united by welding and some by bolting. All of the
welding may be performed at a fabrication shop. The bolting may all be performed
at the construction site, which is the preferred option in many regions of the world.
However, it will be understood that the beam assembly 17 can be connected to the
column assembly 13 in other suitable ways such as by field welding, or in an all-
bearing beam-to-column moment resisting connection, as shown in Fig. 140 of
coassigned U.S. Patent Application No. 14/729,957, the disclosure of which is
incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.
Referring to Figs. 6-21, the column assembly 13 may be fabricated at
a fabrication shop and later transported to the construction site. Formation of the
gusset plate assembly 21 can be efficiently carried out using the column 15 as a jig,
and with all welds made in the horizontal welding position. The horizontal welding
position is the preferred welding position over other possible welding positions such
as vertical and overhead welding positions, because of its ease of weld metal
deposition, and because of its inherent high level of weld quality and certainty.
However, some or all of the welding could be done in lesser preferred welding
positions within the scope of this invention. In some instances welding in a flat
welding position may be employed. This desirable welding position could present
certain challenges in handling the column and jigging the gusset plates, but could be
used. The column is first oriented in a horizontal assembly position and the first
gusset plate 23A is placed on top of the upwardly facing column surface 20A, as
shown in the top plan view of Fig. 6. In this first horizontal assembly position, tack
welds (not shown) could be used as needed to temporarily secure the gusset plate
23A on the face 20A of the column 15. Referring to Figs. 7 and 8, the gusset plate
23A is permanently attached to the surface 20A of the column 15. A fillet weld 51 is
formed around the entire perimeter of the interior aperture 41, and linear fillet welds
53A, 53B are made along opposite edges of the gusset plate 23A that are spaced
apart along the longitudinal axis of the column 15. Welds 51, 53A, 53B are all made
in the horizontal welding position. The fillet welds 53A, 53B are transverse to the
longitudinal axis of the column 15. The first gusset plate 23A is disposed in a
horizontal position on the column 15 when it is welded to the column.
As illustrated in Fig. 9, gusset plates 23B, 23C are supported
(shored) on the gusset plate 23A by inserting an upper one of the open slots 47 in
each of the gusset plates 23B, 23C into a respective one of the open slots 43 in the
gusset plate 23A. Figure 9A shows the insertion of a gusset plate 23C along its
open slot 47 into a respective open slot 43 of the gusset plate 23A on a larger scale
and from a different vantage than Fig. 9. As fully mated, each of the open slots 43 in
the gusset plate 23A receives a portion of a respective one of the gusset plates 23B,
23C (see, Fig. 9B, showing the mated portions of gusset plate 23C with gusset plate
23A), which provides temporary shoring of gusset plates 23B, 23C by gusset plate
23A prior to fixedly connecting the gusset plates 23B, 23C to the gusset plate 23A.
By using the column 15 as an alignment jig, all three of the gusset plates 23A, 23B,
23C are substantially axially aligned on the column 15.
After the gusset plates 23B, 23C are supported on the gusset plate
23A in this manner, and plumbness and orthogonal alignment have been achieved,
the gusset plates 23B, 23C are temporarily attached by tack welds 55 to respective
faces 20D, 20B of the column 15, as shown in Fig. 10. A fillet weld 57 made in the
horizontal welding position extends the full depth of the gusset plates to join gusset
plate 23B to gusset plate 23A as shown in Figs. 10 and 11. Likewise, fillet weld 59 is
made in the horizontal welding position and extends the full depth of the gusset
plates to join gusset plate 23C to gusset plate 23A. A weld 61 located between the
gusset plates 23B, 23C and adjacent to face 20A connects the gusset plate 23B to
the gusset plate 23A, and another weld 63 between the gusset plates 23B, 23C
connects the gusset plate 23C to the gusset plate 23A. The welds 61, 63 are made
in the horizontal welding position and extend the full depths of the gusset plates 23A,
23B, 23C to permanently join gusset plate 23B to gusset plate 23A and also join
gusset plate 23C to gusset plate 23A. Referring to Figs. 10, 10A and 11, each of the
welds 61, 63 includes two types of welds along their lengths. Where the welds 61,
63 extend along the bevels 44 of the open slots 43 in the gusset plate 23A, they
each comprise a partial joint penetration (PJP) groove weld with reinforcing fillet
weld, designated 61A, 63A, respectively, as shown in Fig. 10. In the illustrated
embodiment, each of the joint penetration groove welds is a single bevel partial joint
penetration (PJP) groove weld in a T-joint configuration with a reinforcing fillet weld,
as may be seen in Figs. 10A and 10B.Figure 10A is an enlarged fragment of the
upper right hand corner of the column 15 showing in greater detail bevel 44 and the
profile of the single-bevel partial joint penetration groove weld 63A. Away from the
bevels 44, the welds 61, 63 are simply fillet welds 61B, 63B, as may be seen in Fig.
11 illustrating the column 15 from the opposite end from that shown in Fig. 10.
There may be a slight break in the continuities of the welds 61, 63 between the types
of welds 61A, 61B and 63A, 63B. However, the welds 61, 63 may be continuous.
Following formation of the welds 57, 59, 61, 63, the column 15 still in
its horizontal position is rotated 90° in a counterclockwise direction from its position
shown in Fig. 10, to a second horizontal assembly position shown in Fig. 12. In the
second assembly position, gusset plate 23C is now oriented on the top side of the
column 15, flush against the face 20B. The final gusset plate 23D of the gusset plate
assembly 21 can be slid onto the gusset plates 23B, 23C in the same way gusset
plates 23B, 23C were mated with gusset plate 23A (see, Fig. 13). The open slots 43
on the gusset plate 23D receive and are received by respective open slots 47 on the
gusset plates 23B, 23C. Gusset plates 23B, 23C provide temporary shoring of
gusset plate 23D. Again, the column 15 is used as a jig to that, as fully seated in the
open slots 47 of gusset plates 23B, 23C, the gusset plate 23D is substantially axially
aligned along the column with all of the other gusset plates 23A-23C. Tack welds 55
are used to temporarily secure gusset plate 23D to the face 20C of the column 15.
Fillet welds 67A, 67B are made in the horizontal welding position along axially
opposite edges of the gusset plate 23C to the face 20B of the column 15 in
directions transverse to the longitudinal axis of the column (see Figs. 13 and 15). A
fillet weld 68 (Fig. 3) is also made in the horizontal welding position around the
perimeter of interior aperture 45 of gusset plate 23C, similar to the weld 51 for the
gusset plate 23A shown in Fig. 7. The third gusset plate 23C has a horizontal
position on the column 15 when it is welded to the column. Fillet weld 69 is made in
the horizontal welding position, extends the full depths of the gusset plates 23C, 23D
and joins these two gusset plates together. Welds 71 and 73 located between the
gusset plates 23A, 23D adjacent to the face 20B also extend the full depths of the
gusset plates 23A, 23C, 23D and join respective pairs of the gusset plates together.
The welds 71, 73 are made in the horizontal welding position and each includes two
different forms of welds along its length. Where the weld 71 extends along the bevel
44 in the open slot 47 of the gusset plate 23C it comprises a partial joint penetration
(PJP) groove weld with reinforcing fillet weld, designated 71A (Fig. 15). Away from
the bevel 48, the weld 71 is a standard fillet weld 71B (Fig. 13). Similarly, where the
weld 73 extends along the bevel 48 in the gusset plate 23C it is a partial joint
penetration (PJP) groove weld with reinforcing fillet weld, designated 73A (Fig. 15).
Away from the bevel 48, the weld 73 comprises a standard fillet weld 73B (Fig. 13).
Figure 14 enlarges the upper left hand corner of the column 15 and intersecting
gusset plates 23A, 23C to show the partial joint penetration (PJP) groove weld with
reinforcing fillet weld 63A in greater detail. The weld 63A is the same as all the other
partial joint penetration (PJP) groove welds with reinforcing fillet welds used in the
construction of the column assembly 13.
After completion of the welds 69, 71 and 73 connecting gusset plate
23C to gusset plates 23A and 23D, the column 15 is rotated counterclockwise 90°
from its position in Fig. 13 to a third (horizontal) assembly position shown in Fig. 16.
Referring to Figs. 17 and 18, fillet welds 75A, 75B are then made in the horizontal
welding position along axially opposite edges of the gusset plate 23D to the face 20C
of the column 15, in directions transverse to the longitudinal axis of the column. A
fillet weld (not shown) is also made in the horizontal welding position around the
perimeter of interior aperture 41 of gusset plate 23D, similar to the weld 51 for the
gusset plate 23A shown in Fig. 7. The fourth gusset plate 23D has a horizontal
position on the column 15 when it is welded to the column. Fillet weld 77 extends
the full depths of the gusset plates 23B, 23D and joins these gusset plates together.
Between the gusset plates 23B, 23C, welds 79 and 81 also extend the full depths of
the gusset plates 23B, 23C, 23D and join them together. Welds 77, 79, 81 are all
welded in the horizontal welding position. The welds 79, 81 each include two
different forms of welds along its length. Where the weld 79 extends along the bevel
44 in the open slot 43 of the gusset plate 23D it comprises a partial joint penetration
(PJP) groove weld with reinforcing fillet weld, designated 79A (Fig. 17). Away from
the bevel 44, the weld 79 is a standard fillet weld 79B (Fig. 18). Similarly, where the
weld 81 extends along the bevel 44 in the gusset plate 23D is a partial joint
penetration (PJP) groove weld with reinforcing fillet weld, designated 81A (Fig. 17).
Away from the bevel 44, the weld 81 comprises a standard fillet weld 81B (Fig. 18).
The column 15 is rotated 90° counterclockwise from its orientation
shown in Fig. 17 to a fourth horizontal assembly position shown in Fig. 19 after
completion of the welds 77, 79 and 81. Referring to Figs. 20 and 21, fillet welds 83A,
83B are then made in the horizontal welding position along opposite edges of the
gusset plate 23B to the face 20D of the column 15, in directions transverse to the
longitudinal axis of the column. A fillet weld (not shown) is also made in the
horizontal welding position around the perimeter of interior aperture 45 of gusset
plate 23B, similar to the weld 51 for the gusset plate 23A shown in Fig. 7. The
second gusset plate 23B has a horizontal position on the column 15 when it is
welded to the column. Welds 85 and 87 located between the gusset plates 23A,
23D adjacent to the face 20D of the column 15 also extend the full depths of the
gusset plates 23A, 23B, 23D and join respective pairs of these gusset plates
together. The welds 85, 87 are both made in the horizontal welding position and
each includes two different forms of welds along its length. Where the weld 85
extends along the bevel 48 in the open slot 47 of the gusset plate 23B it comprises a
partial joint penetration (PJP) groove weld with reinforcing fillet weld, designated 85A
(Fig. 21). Away from the bevel 48, the weld 85 is a standard fillet weld 85B (Fig. 20).
Similarly, where the weld 87 extends along the bevel 48 of the open slot 47 in the
gusset plate 23B, it is a partial joint penetration (PJP) groove weld with reinforcing
fillet weld, designated 87A (Fig. 21). Away from the bevel 48, the weld 87 comprises
a standard fillet weld 87B (Fig. 20).
The column assembly 13 is complete after formation of the welds
83A, 83B, 85, 87 and the weld (not shown) in the interior aperture 45 of the gusset
plate 23B. As will be understood, the construction of the column assembly is carried
out in an ordered, gusset plate by gusset plate sequence using the column 15 as an
alignment jig to form the gusset plate assembly 21. The column assembly 13 is
formed using both the column 13 and gusset plates 23A-23D as alignment jigs to
facilitate flush and plumb fit-up between faces 20A-20D of column 15 and respective
adjacent interior faces of interlocked gusset plates 23A-23D, resulting in gusset plate
orthogonal alignment accuracy and efficient construction. In the illustrated
embodiment, all of the welds are desirably made in the horizontal welding position,
simplifying the welding and improving the opportunity that all of the welds will be
formed without defect. The welds 57, 59, 61, 63, 69, 71, 73, 77, 79, 81, 85 and 87
rigidly interconnect the gusset plates 23A, 23B, 23C, 23D forming the rigid gusset
plate assembly 21 capable of transmitting biaxial force and bending moments
generated from reaction forces and bending moments from beams 19 to the column
. The welds 57, 59, 61, 63, 69, 71, 73, 77, 79, 81, 85 and 87 rigidly connect the
gusset plates 23A-23D to each other separately from their connections to the column
. Welds 53A, 53B, 67A, 67B, 75A, 75B, 83A, 83B, and all four closed loop welds
51, 68 that are placed around the full perimeter of the interior apertures 41, 45 of
gusset plates 23A-23D rigidly and collectively connect gusset plates 23A-23D to the
column 15. It will be understood that the column assembly 13 can be formed in
other ways within the scope of the present invention. For example, instead of
making three 90° turns about the longitudinal axis of the column 15 a fewer number
of turns could be made. In one embodiment, the column can be turned 180° from its
position shown in Fig. 10 to its position shown in Fig. 17. The gusset plate 23D
would then be slid onto the gusset plates 23B, 23C in a horizontal orientation in that
embodiment. This variation on the illustrated method would require making some
welds in the vertical welding position, which is not as preferred as the horizontal
welding position.
The partial joint penetration groove welds with reinforcing fillet welds
61, 63, 71, 73, 79, 81, 85, 87 provide for a strong connection between the connected
pairs of the gusset plates 23A-23D. The joint penetration groove weld connection
allows the gusset plates 23A-23D to be connected without any welds on the interior
corners of the gusset plate assembly 21. Referring to the enlarged view of Fig. 14, it
may be seen that the partial joint penetration groove welds with reinforcing fillet
welds 63 and 71 are made at two exterior corners formed by the intersection of
gusset plate 23A and gusset plate 23C. The fillet weld 59 is formed at a third
exterior corner between the two exterior corners where welds 63 and 71 are made.
At each of these exterior corners, the intersecting gusset plates 23A, 23C define
edges along which the particular welds are made. It may also be seen that the
intersection of the gusset plates 23A, 23C defines an interior corner adjacent to the
column 15 and directly opposite the fillet weld 59. This allows the corner of the
column 15 to be closely fit up into the interior corner of the gusset plate assembly 21
without any interference from a weld on the gusset plate assembly. The benefit may
be even greater when built up box columns are used (see, Fig. 39 below), which
have angular rather than rounded corners like the HSS section column 15 shown in
Fig. 14. It will be understood that one function of using joint penetration groove
welds and in particular partial joint penetration groove welds with reinforcing fillet
welds to provide strength without an interior corner weld applies to all embodiments
described herein where ever joint penetration groove welds are employed. However,
the use of a weld on any interior corner of a gusset plate assembly (not shown) is
within the scope of the present invention.
The partial joint penetration groove weld with reinforcing fillet welds
61A, 63A, 71A, 73A, 79A, 81A, 85A, 87A illustrated provide benefits because of their
overall economy in making. However, it is to be understood that other joint
penetration groove weld types and associated T-joints configurations (with or without
beveled gusset plate edges, and with or without a reinforcing fillet weld) may also be
used. For example and without limitation, these welds include a single-bevel
complete joint penetration (CJP) groove weld, a single J-groove weld and a square-
groove weld which might be employed in electro-slag welding applications. The
configuration of the groove weld used in a given application may depend upon
regional code design requirements. Some regional codes may require the use of a
backer bar at the toe (or root) of the groove weld profile, followed by a subsequent
removal of the backer bar after placing the weld metal. That may be followed by a
back gouge of the root pass of the completed groove weld (with associated non-
destructive testing and inspection), and finally the placement of a reinforcing fillet
weld to fill the cavity left by back gouging the root pass of the groove weld.
The finished column assembly 13 can be transported to the worksite
where it can be erected as part of the building framework 1 (Fig. 1). In the illustrated
embodiment, the joint connection structure 11 formed using the column assembly 13
connects four beams. However, other column assemblies may be formed that may
interconnect a greater or lesser number of incoming beams. For example, joint
connection structures 11', 11" in Fig. 1 are constructed for receiving three beams
and two beams, respectively. Column assemblies 13', 13" of these joint connection
structures 11', 11" may be formed using the method of the present invention.
The column assembly 13 beneficially distributes the resistance to
moments applied by the beams 19 to the column 15 to all four faces 20A-20D of the
column, making it well-suited to resist bi-axial loads applied by the beams to the
column, particularly in severe load events. This is made possible by the use of
welded interlocked orthogonal gusset plates forming the rigid gusset plate assembly
21 that hugs the sidewalls and snugly encloses the corners of the column 15. It will
be understood that a moment applied by any one or any combination of the four
beams will be transmitted by the rigid gusset plate assembly 21 to locations all
around the column 15. For example, when a moment is applied on one axis (e.g., as
from one beam 19 connected to gusset plates 23A, 23D), it is resisted through
connections of the gusset plates 23A, 23D to the faces 20A, 20C of the column 15
parallel to the axis of the beam in a manner similar to gusset plate connections
described in U.S. Patent Nos. 6,138,427, 7,178,296, 8,146,322, and 9,091,065. The
connection to the parallel faces 20A, 20C of the column 15 provides a force couple
(principally acting in shear along the length of the welds) formed by the top and
bottom horizontal welds 53A, 53B, 75A, 75B (comprising a horizontal weld group)
connecting the gusset plates 23A, 23D to their respective faces 20A, 20C of column
to resist applied moment. In addition, top and bottom horizontal welds 83A, 83B
of the gusset plate 23B facing the end of the beam 19 comprise another horizontal
weld group forming a resisting tension/compression force couple acting
perpendicular to the face 20A of the column 15 to resist applied moment. The rigid
gusset plate assembly 21 also transmits the moment to the opposite face 20B of the
column 15 through its connection to the gusset plate 23C, by providing a redundant
resisting tension/compression force couple (acting perpendicular to the opposite face
20C) formed by the top and bottom horizontal welds 67A, 67B (comprising yet
another horizontal weld group) connecting the far gusset plate 23C to the opposite
face 20B to resist the applied moment.
In addition to the foregoing moment resisting features of the column
assembly 13, the column assembly is configured to provide further moment
resistance unique to bi-axial moments. It can be understood that if moments are
being applied to the joint column assembly 13 from beams 19 which are orthogonally
arranged with respect to each other, the resolved moment vector would not lie in a
vertical plane including the longitudinal axis of either beam. Instead, the moment
vector would lie in a vertical plane somewhere in between orthogonal beams 19, and
would therefore urge the gusset plate assembly 21 to tilt on the column along a
diagonal between the longitudinal axes of said orthogonal beams 19. In this case,
adjacent, near orthogonal faces 20A, 20D of the column 15 provide cooperative
moment resistance. More specifically, the welds (e.g., welds 51, 68) in the vertical
apertures 41, 45 in the gusset plates 23A-23D, which are centered at the mid-depth
of the column 15 on the adjacent faces 20A, 20D orthogonal to each other, provide
additional moment-resisting capacity by coupling the same vertical slot welds located
in their respective apertures 41, 45, which act together orthogonally as a vertical
weld group to provide a force couple to resist the applied bi-axial moment. The rigid
gusset plate assembly 21 also transfers the bi-axial moments to the far orthogonal
faces 20B, 23C of the column 15, which comprises another vertical weld group to
provide additional cooperative moment resistance. Both the near orthogonal faces
20A, 20D and far orthogonal faces 20B, 20C act in concert with the moment
resistance force couples described in the preceding paragraph to make the column
assemblies 13 and joint connection structures 11 formed using the column
assemblies remarkably robust and redundant.
Concurrently, load transfer redundancy can also be provided under
severe load conditions by a ‘push/pull’ effect of opposite gusset plates 23 (facing
perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the beam) bearing against the same
opposite faces 20 of the column 15 under the applied moment. Thus, opposing
faces 20 of the column 15 cooperate to resist moment (under extreme load
conditions) from one beam 19, in addition to resistance provided by the welded
connection of the gusset plates 23 to the orthogonal side faces 20 of the column 15,
thereby providing redundancy in resisting applied moment. It will be understood that
the column assembly 13 is configured to resist applied moment in the way just
described for moment applied for only one beam 19, for as many as all the four
beams 19 in the joint connection structure 11 made possible by bi-axial interaction of
all aforementioned load transfer mechanisms.
Further, the unique geometry and stiffness of this all shop fillet-
welded and all field-bolted, bi-axial, beam-to-column moment-resisting joint
connection structure 11 maximizes its performance and the broadness of its design
applications, including both extreme wind and moderate-to-severe seismic
conditions. In particular, the all field-bolted joint connection structure 11 preserves
the physical separation (or gap) between the end of a full-length beam 19 and the
face of the column 15 made possible by the use of vertically and horizontally
extended parallel gusset plates 23A, 23D or 23B, 23C that sandwich the column and
the beam similar to prior designs which feature an all field fillet-welded joint
connection structure; thus reducing the uncertainty of bending moment load transfer
between a rigidly attached steel moment frame beam and column used in the past.
Further, by including the vertically and horizontally extending parallel
gusset plates 23A, 23D or 23B, 23C that sandwich both the columns 15 and the
beams 19, this current bi-axial application of an all field-bolted joint connection
structure 11 preserves the advantage of increased beam-to-column joint stiffness.
There is also a corresponding increase in overall steel moment frame stiffness,
which allows smaller beam sizes when the building design is controlled by lateral
story drift (not member strength), and hence reduced material costs. When the
building design is controlled by member strength (not lateral story drift), this bi-axial
all field-bolted joint connection structure 11 also reduces the beam size and the
column size, and hence material quantities and cost, because its connection
geometry has no net section reduction in either the beam 19 or the column 15 (i.e.,
no bolt holes through either the beam or sidewalls of the column), thereby
maintaining the full strength of the beam and column.
In one aspect of the present disclosure, full-length beams are
connected to gusset plates by bolts so that the full-length beam and gusset plates
are substantially free of welded connection. It will be understood that field welding
the full-length beam assemblies 17 to the column assembly 13 is within the scope of
that aspect of the disclosure, as is providing an all-bearing moment resisting joint
connection between full-length beam assemblies 17 and the column assembly 13
(corresponding to the joint connection shown in Fig. 140 of co-assigned U.S.
application No. 14/729,937).
Referring now to Figs. 22-25, a joint connection structure includes a
column assembly 113 configured for connecting three beam assemblies to a column
115 in a manner to resist bending moments, as with the column assembly 13
described above. In this embodiment, the joint connection structure has a 3-sided/3-
beam configuration in which three full-length beam assemblies (not shown) can be
attached to the column assembly 113. The construction of the column and beam
assemblies 113, 117 may be as described above for the column assembly 13 and
beam assemblies 17, including the described variants. In one embodiment, the
column assembly 113 can be identical to the column assembly 13' of the joint
connection 11' of the framework 1 shown in Fig. 1. The connection of the beams to
the column 115 may be as shown in Figs. 1A and 2 or in another suitable manner.
The gusset plate assembly 121 includes gusset plates 123A-123E which are not all
directly connected to each other, as will be described. More particularly, the gusset
plate assembly 121 of the column assembly 113 includes a first gusset plate 123A, a
second gusset plate 123B, a third gusset plate 123C, a fourth gusset plate 123D and
a fifth gusset plate 123E. The first gusset plate 123A and second gusset plate 123B
are connected to each other and also to respective faces 120B, 120C of the column
115. The third gusset plate 123C and fifth gusset plate 123E are connected to each
other and also to respective faces 120B, 120D of the column 115. The fourth gusset
plate 123D is attached to the face 120A of the column 115 and projects outwardly
from two, opposite faces 120C, 120D of the column. The gusset plates 123A-123E
extend within planes generally parallel to the longitudinal axis of the column 115 and
project laterally outward from the column, and include bolt holes 126A. The
projecting left (as oriented in Fig. 22) portion of the fourth gusset plate 123D and a
projecting portion of the first gusset plate 123A define a space for receiving an end of
one of the beams. The second gusset plate 123B and fifth gusset plate 123E define
a space for receiving an end of a second of the beams. The third gusset plate 123C
and the projecting right portion of the fourth gusset plate 123D define a space for
receiving a third of the beams. As mounted on the column 115, the gusset plates
123A-123E all intersect a single plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the
column.
The construction of the gusset plates 123A, 123B, 123C and 123E is
shown in Figs. 26-29. Gusset plate 123A and gusset plate 123C are illustrated in
Figs. 26 and 28, respectively, as each would appear looking toward the face 120B of
the column 115. Gusset plate 123B is shown as it would appear looking toward the
face 120C of the column 115, and gusset plate 123E is shown as it would appear
looking toward the face 120D of the column. The gusset plates 123A, 123C each
have a single open slot 143 extending from approximately the middle of the gusset
plate and opening downwardly at lower edge of the plate. One edge margin of each
of the slots 143 in gusset plates 123A, 123C defining an edge of the open slot 143
forms a bevel 144 that facilitates welding as will be described hereinafter. As
illustrated, the gusset plates 123A, 123C are mirror images of each other. The
gusset plates 123B, 123E each have a single open slot 147 extending from the top
of the gusset plate, where they open upwardly from the gusset plate, to an interior of
the plate. One edge margin of each of the open slots 147 in gusset plates 123B,
123E defining an edge of the open slot 147 forms a bevel 148 that facilitates welding
as will be described more fully. The respective orientation of open slots 143
(opening downwardly), and open slots 147 (opening upwardly) of the gusset plates
123A, 123B, 123C, 123E allow the gusset plates 123A, 123B and gusset plates
123C, 123E to be assembled to each other and to the column 115 as will be
described hereinafter.
The column assembly 113 of Figs. 22-25, when connected with
beams of a building framework, creates a bi-axial beam-to-column moment resisting
type joint connection structure. The joint connection structure provides for a full-
length beam assembly connection along three sides of hollow tubular column 15.
Most preferably, each of the components of the joint connection structure, as well as
the beam and column 115, are made of structural steel. Some of the components of
the joint connection structure are united by welding and some by bolting. All of the
welding may be performed at a fabrication shop. The bolting may all be performed
at the construction site, which is the preferred option in many regions of the world.
However, it will be understood that the beam assembly can be connected to the
column assembly 113 in other suitable ways such as by field welding, or in an all-
bearing beam-to-column moment resisting connection, as shown in Fig. 140 of
coassigned U.S. Patent Application No. 14/729,957.
Similar to the embodiment of Fig. 6-21, the column assembly 113
may be fabricated at a fabrication shop and later transported to the construction site.
The gusset plate assembly 121 can be efficiently carried out using the column 115
as an alignment jig, and with all welds being made exclusively in the horizontal
welding position, which is preferred for the reasons set forth above. However, it also
remains the case that some or all of the welding could be done in lesser preferred
welding positions within the scope of the present invention. The gusset plate
assembly 121 is completed at the same time that the column assembly 113 is
completed.
Referring to Figs. 30-38, the gusset plates 123A-123E can be
assembled with each other and with the column 115 in an ordered, sequential
manner, gusset plate by gusset plate. The column 115 is first oriented in a
horizontal position with the face 120A directed upward. The fourth gusset plate
123D is placed on the face 120A of the column 115 as shown in Fig. 30. The fourth
gusset plate 123D is oriented horizontally and aligned on the column 115 as needed
to form the gusset plate assembly 121. Tack welds (not shown) could be used as
needed to temporarily secure the gusset plate 123D in place on the face 120A of the
column. In this illustrated embodiment, instead the gusset plate 123D is
permanently attached to the column. Linear fillet welds 153A, 153B are made along
opposite edges of the gusset plate 123D that are spaced apart from each other
along the longitudinal axis of the column 115. The fillet welds 153A, 153B are both
made in the horizontal welding position, and extend transverse to the longitudinal
axis of the column 115.
The subassembly of the gusset plate 123D and the column 115 is
then rotated about the longitudinal axis of the column 180° to the second assembly
position shown in Fig. 31. In this position, the second face 120B of the column 115
faces upward. The gusset plate 123D is welded to corners of the column 115 by
flare bevel welds 154A, 154B, each extending substantially the full height of the
gusset plate. The welds 154A, 154B are made in the horizontal welding position
after the gusset plate 123D and column 115 are turned to the second assembly
position. As shown in Fig. 32, gusset plates 123A and 123C are then mounted on
the second face 120B of the column 115 while still in the second assembly position.
More particularly, the first gusset plate 123A is aligned on the second face 120B and
then fixed to the face by fillet welds 152A, 152B made on opposite edges of the
gusset plate 123A spaced apart along the longitudinal axis of the column 115. In
addition, a weld 156 along the longitudinal axis of the column 115 attaches an edge
of the gusset plate 123A to the second face 120B of the column. The weld 156
extends substantially the full depth of the gusset plate 123A. The third gusset plate
123C is in the same way aligned on the second face 120B and then fixed to the
second face by fillet welds 157A, 157B made on opposite edges of the gusset plate
123C spaced apart along the longitudinal axis of the column 115. In addition, a weld
158 along the longitudinal axis of the column 115 attaches an edge of the gusset
plate 123C to the second face 120B of the column. The weld 158 extends
substantially the full depth of the gusset plate 123C. It will be appreciated that the
order of connection of the first gusset plate 123A and third gusset plate 123C to the
column as well as the order of the formation of the welds 152A, 152B, 156, 157A,
157B, 158 may be varied within the scope of the present invention. All of the welds
152A, 152B, 156, 157A, 157B and 158 are made in the horizontal welding position.
Referring now to Figs. 33 and 34, the second gusset plate 123B and
fifth gusset plate 123E are then attached to the first gusset plate 123A and the third
gusset plate 123C, respectively, and to the column 115. The second gusset plate
123B is self-shored by the first gusset plate 123A by inserting the open slot 147 in
the gusset plate 123B into the open slot 143 in the gusset plate 123A. As fully
mated, the open slot 143 in the gusset plate 123A receives a portion of the gusset
plate 123B and the open slot 147 of the gusset plate 123B receives a portion of the
gusset plate 123A. The reception of each gusset plate 123A, 123B by the other
provides temporary shoring of gusset plate 123B by gusset plate 123A prior to
fixedly connecting the gusset plate 123B to the gusset plate 123A. Using the column
115 as an alignment jig, the gusset plate 123B is substantially axially aligned on the
column 115. After the gusset plate 123B is supported on the gusset plate 123A in
this manner, and plumbness and orthogonal alignment have been achieved, the
gusset plate 123B is temporarily attached by tack welds 155 to the third face 120C of
the column 115. A fillet weld 159 made in the horizontal welding position extends
the full depth of the gusset plates to join gusset plate 123A to gusset plate 123B. A
weld 161 connects the gusset plate 123B to the gusset plate 123A. The weld 161 is
made in the horizontal welding position and extends the full depths of the gusset
plates 123A, 123B to further permanently join the gusset plates together. The weld
161 includes two types of welds along its length. Where the weld 161 extends along
the bevel 144 of the open slot 143 in the gusset plate 123A, it comprises a partial
joint penetration (PJP) groove weld with reinforcing fillet weld, designated 161A, as
shown in Fig. 34. Away from the bevel 144 of the open slot 143 in gusset plate
123A, the weld 161 comprises a fillet weld 161B (Fig. 33).
The fifth gusset plate 123E is supported (self-shored) on the third
gusset plate 123C by inserting the open slot 147 in the gusset plate 123E into the
open slot 143 in the gusset plate 123C. As fully mated, the open slot 143 in the
gusset plate 123C receives a portion of the gusset plate 123E and the open slot 147
of the gusset plate 123E receives a portion of the gusset plate 123C. The reception
of each gusset plate 123C, 123E by the other provides temporary shoring of gusset
plate 123E by gusset plate 123C prior to fixedly connecting the gusset plate 123E to
the gusset plate 123C. Using the column 115 as an alignment jig, the gusset plate
123E is substantially axially aligned on the column 115. After the gusset plate 123E
is supported on the gusset plate 123C in this manner, and plumbness and
orthogonal alignment have been achieved, the gusset plate 123E is temporarily
attached by tack welds 155 to the fourth face 120D of the column 115. A fillet weld
162 made in the horizontal welding position extends the full depth of the gusset
plates to join gusset plate 123E to gusset plate 123C. A weld 163 connects the
gusset plate 123E to the gusset plate 123C. The weld 163 is made in the horizontal
welding position and extends the full depths of the gusset plates 123C, 123E to
further permanently join the gusset plates together. The weld 163 includes two types
of welds along its length. Where the weld 163 extends along the bevel 144 of the
open slot 143 in the gusset plate 123C, it comprises a partial joint penetration (PJP)
groove weld with reinforcing fillet weld, designated 163A, as shown in Fig. 34. Away
from the bevel 144 of the open slot 143 in gusset plate 123C, the weld 161
comprises a fillet weld 163B (Fig. 33).
The column 115, still in its horizontal position, is rotated 90° in a
counterclockwise direction to a third assembly position shown in Figs. 35 and 36. In
this position, the third face 120C of the column 115 is directed upward and four
additional welds are made in the horizontal welding position connecting the second
gusset plate 123B to the column and to the first gusset plate 123A. The second
gusset plate 123B is attached to the face 120C by fillet welds 165A, 165B made on
opposite edges of the gusset plate 123B spaced apart along the longitudinal axis of
the column 115. In addition, a weld 167 along the longitudinal axis of the column
115 attaches an edge of the gusset plate 123B to the third face 120C of the column.
A weld 169 connects the gusset plate 123B to the gusset plate 123A. The weld 169
is made in the horizontal welding position and extends the full depths of the gusset
plates 123A, 123B to further permanently join the gusset plates together. The weld
169 includes two types of welds along its length. Where the weld 169 extends along
the bevel 148 of the open slot 147 in the gusset plate 123B, it comprises a partial
joint penetration (PJP) groove weld with reinforcing fillet weld, designated 169A, as
shown in Fig. 35. Away from the bevel 148 of the open slot 147 in gusset plate
123B, the weld 169 comprises a fillet weld 169B (Fig. 36).
The column 115 is rotated 180° to a fourth and final assembly
position shown in Figs. 37 and 38. In this position, the fourth face 120D of the
column 115 is directed upward and four further welds are made in the horizontal
welding position connecting the fifth gusset plate 123E to the column and to the third
gusset plate 123C. The fifth gusset plate 123E is attached to the face 120D by fillet
welds 171A, 171B made on opposite edges of the gusset plate 123E spaced apart
along the longitudinal axis of the column 115. In addition, a weld 173 along the
longitudinal axis of the column 115 attaches an edge of the gusset plate 123E to the
fourth face 120D of the column. A weld 175 connects the gusset plate 123E to the
gusset plate 123C. The weld 175 is made in the horizontal welding position and
extends the full depths of the gusset plates 123C, 123E to further permanently join
the gusset plates together. The weld 175 includes two types of welds along its
length. Where the weld 175 extends along the bevel 148 of the open slot 147 in the
gusset plate 123E, it comprises a partial joint penetration (PJP) groove weld with
reinforcing fillet weld, designated 175A, as shown in Fig. 37. Away from the bevel
148 of the open slot 147 in gusset plate 123E, the weld 175 comprises a fillet weld
175B (Fig. 38). Upon completion of the four welds 171A, 171B, 173, 175, the
column assembly 113 and the gusset plate assembly 121 are completed.
In the illustrated embodiment of Figs. 22-38, each of the joint
penetration groove welds is a single bevel partial joint penetration (PJP) groove weld
in a T-joint configuration with a reinforcing fillet weld, as described above for welds
161A, 163A, 169A and 175A. The partial joint penetration groove welds with
reinforcing fillet welds 161A, 163A, 169A, 175A illustrated provide benefits because
of their overall economy in making. However, it is to be understood that other joint
penetration groove weld types and associated T-joints configurations (with or without
beveled gusset plate edges, and with or without a reinforcing fillet weld) may also be
used. For example and without limitation, these welds include a single-bevel
complete joint penetration (CJP) groove weld, a single J-groove weld and a square-
groove weld which might be employed in electro-slag welding applications. The
configuration of the groove weld used in a given application may depend upon
regional code design requirements. Some regional codes may require the use of a
backer bar at the toe (or root) of the groove weld profile, followed by a subsequent
removal of the backer bar after placing the weld metal. That may be followed by a
back gouge of the root pass of the completed groove weld (with associated non-
destructive testing an inspection), and finally the placement of a reinforcing fillet weld
to fill the cavity left by back gouging the root pass of the groove weld.
Referring to Fig. 39, a joint connection structure includes a column
assembly 213 configured for connecting four beam assemblies (not shown) to a
column 215 in a manner to resist bending moments, as with the column assemblies
13, 113 described above. In this embodiment, the joint connection structure has a
4-sided/4-beam configuration in which four full-length beam assemblies (not shown)
can be attached to the column assembly 213. The construction of the column 213 is
shown as a built-up box column, rather than an HSS column as shown for columns
13 and 113. It will be understood that the column 213 could be an HSS column or
have another construction within the scope of the present invention. The columns
13, 113, 213 may have any suitable construction within the scope of the present
invention. The beam assemblies (not shown) mounted by the column assembly 213
may be as described above for the beam assemblies 17, including the described
variants. The connection of the beam assemblies to the column assembly 213 may
be as shown in Figs. 1A and 2 or in another suitable manner. The gusset plate
assembly 221 includes gusset plates 223A-223H. Not all of the gusset pates 223A-
223H are directly connected to each other. More particularly, the gusset plate
assembly 221 of the column assembly 213 includes a first gusset plate 223A, a
second gusset plate 223B, a third gusset plate 223C, a fourth gusset plate 223D, a
fifth gusset plate 223E, a sixth gusset plate 223F, a seventh gusset plate 223G and
an eighth gusset plate 223H. The first gusset plate 223A and second gusset plate
223B are connected to each other and also to respective faces 220A, 220B of the
column 215. The third gusset plate 223C and fifth gusset plate 223E are connected
to each other and also to respective faces 220A, 220D of the column 215. The
fourth gusset plate 223D and seventh gusset plate 223G are connected to each
other and also to respective faces 220C, 220D of the column 215. The sixth gusset
plate 223F and eighth gusset plate 223H are connected to each other and also to
respective faces 220C, 220B of the column 215. The gusset plates 223A-223H
extend within planes generally parallel to the longitudinal axis of the column 215 and
project laterally outward from the column, and include bolt holes 226A. The gusset
plate pairs 223A, 223F and 223B, 223E and 223C, 223D and 223G and 223H each
define a space for receiving an end of one of the beam assemblies. As mounted on
the column 215, the gusset plates 223A-223H all intersect a single plane
perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the column.
The construction of the gusset plates 223A-223H is shown in Figs.
40-43. Gusset plate 223A and gusset plate 223D have the same construction and
are shown in Fig. 40 as each would appear looking toward the faces 220A and 220C
of the column 215, respectively. The gusset plates 223A, 223D each have a single
open slot 243A extending from approximately the middle of each gusset plate and
opening downwardly at lower, right edge of the plate as oriented in Fig. 40. One
edge margin of each of the slots 243A in gusset plates 223A, 223C defining an edge
of the open slot forms a bevel 244A that facilitates welding as will be described
hereinafter. Gusset plate 223B and gusset plate 223G have the same construction
and are shown in Fig. 41 as each would appear looking toward the faces 220B and
220D of the column 215, respectively. The gusset plates 223B, 223G each have a
single open slot 247A extending from approximately the middle of each gusset plate
and opening upwardly at an upper, left edge of the plates as oriented in Fig. 41. One
edge margin of each of the slots 247A in gusset plates 223B, 223G defining an edge
of the open slot 247A forms a bevel 248A that facilitates welding. Gusset plates
223C and 223F have the same construction and are illustrated in Fig. 42 as each
would appear looking toward the faces 220A and 220C of the column 215,
respectively. The gusset plates 223C, 223F each have a single open slot 243B
extending from approximately the middle of each gusset plate and opening
downwardly at a lower, left edge of the plate as oriented in Fig. 42. One edge
margin of each of the slots 243B in gusset plates 223C, 223F defining an edge of the
open slot 243B forms a bevel 244B that facilitates welding. Gusset plate 223E and
223H have the same construction and are illustrated in Fig. 43 as each would appear
looking toward the faces 220D and 220B of the column 215, respectively. The gusset
plates 223E, 223H each have a single open slot 247B extending from approximately
the middle of each gusset plate and opening downwardly at an upper, right edge of
the plate as oriented in Fig. 43. One edge margin of each of the slots 247B in gusset
plates 223E, 223H defining an edge of the open slot 247B forms a bevel 248B that
facilitates welding. The open slots 243A, 243B, 247A, 247B of the gusset plates
223A-223H allow the gusset plates to be assembled with each other and with the
column 215 as will be described hereinafter.
Referring now to Figs. 44-52, the column assembly 213 can be put
together using an ordered sequence not unlike that used for putting together the
column assembly 13, in that the column 215 can be placed in a horizontal position
and then turned counterclockwise in 90° increments to four distinct horizontal
assembly positions for forming the gusset plate assembly 221. However, similar to
the column assembly 113, the gusset plate assembly 221 and column plate
assembly 213 are completed at the same time. The construction of the column
assembly 213 can be carried out at a fabrication shop using the column 215 as a jig,
and later transported to the construction site. The welds made at the fabrication
shop can be made exclusively in the horizontal welding position, having the benefits
previously described. However, some or all of the welding could be done in other
welding positions without departing from the scope of the present invention. As
shown in Fig. 44, the column 215 is first oriented in a horizontal position. The first
gusset plate 223A is placed in a horizontal position on the column 215 and aligned
as needed with respect to the column. A fillet weld 251 is made in the horizontal
welding position and extends along the longitudinal axis of the column 215 to
connect an edge of the gusset plate 223A extending parallel to the longitudinal axis
of the column the face 220A of the column. Linear fillet welds 253A, 253B are made
along opposite edges of the gusset plate 223A that are spaced apart along the
longitudinal axis of the column 215. The fillet welds 253A, 253B are made in the
horizontal welding position and extend transverse to the longitudinal axis of the
column 215. The third gusset plate 223C is placed in a horizontal position on the
column 215 and aligned as needed with respect to the column. A fillet weld 252 is
made in the horizontal welding position and extends along the longitudinal axis of the
column 215 to connect an edge of the gusset plate 223C extending parallel to the
longitudinal axis of the column the face 220A of the column. Linear fillet welds 254A,
254B are made along opposite edges of the gusset plate 223C that are spaced apart
along the longitudinal axis of the column 215. The fillet welds 254A, 254B are made
in the horizontal welding position and extend transverse to the longitudinal axis of the
column 215.
As shown in Figs. 45 and 46, the gusset plate 223B is supported
(shored) on the gusset plate 223A by inserting the open slot 247A in the gusset plate
223B into the corresponding slot 243A in the gusset plate 223A. As fully mated, the
open slot 243A in the gusset plate 223A receives a portion of a the gusset plate
223B, and the open slot 247A in the gusset plate 223B receives a portion of the
gusset plate 223A, which provides temporary shoring of the gusset plate 223B on
the gusset plate 223A prior to fixedly connecting the two plates together. Using the
column 215 as an alignment jig, the gusset plate 223B is aligned on the column.
After the gusset plate 223B is supported on the gusset plate 223A in this manner,
and plumbness and orthogonal alignment have been achieved, the gusset plate
223B is temporarily attached to face 220B of the column 215 by tack welds 255. A
fillet weld 256 is made in the horizontal welding position and extends on the right
side of the gusset plate 223B (as oriented in Fig. 45) the full depth of the gusset
plates 223A, 223B to join the gusset plates together. A weld 257 located on the left
side of the gusset plates 223B (as oriented in Fig. 45) also connects the gusset
plates 223A, 223B together. The gusset plate 223E is supported (shored) on the
gusset plate 223C by inserting the open slot 247B in the gusset plate 223E into the
corresponding slot 243B in the gusset plate 223C. As fully mated, the open slot
243B in the gusset plate 223C receives a portion of a the gusset plate 223E, and the
open slot 247B in the gusset plate 223E receives a portion of the gusset plate 223C,
which provides temporary shoring of the gusset plate 223E on the gusset plate 223C
prior to fixedly connecting the two plates together. Using the column 215 as an
alignment jig, the gusset plate 223E is aligned on the column. After the gusset plate
223E is supported on the gusset plate 223C in this manner, and plumbness and
orthogonal alignment have been achieved, the gusset plate 223E is temporarily
attached to face 220D of the column 215 by tack welds 255. A fillet weld 258 is
made in the horizontal welding position and extends on the left side of the gusset
plate 223E (as oriented in Fig. 45) the full depth of the gusset plates 223C, 223E to
join the gusset plates together. A weld 259 located on the right side of the gusset
plates 223E (as oriented in Fig. 45) also connects the gusset plates 223C, 223E
together. Each of the welds 257, 259 includes two types of welds along its length.
Where the welds 257, 259 extend along the bevels 244A, 244B of the slots 243A,
243B of the gusset plates 223A, 223C, they each comprise a partial joint penetration
(PJP) groove weld with reinforcing fillet weld, designated 257A, 259A, respectively
as shown in Fig. 46. Away from the bevels 244A, 244B, the welds 257, 259 are fillet
welds 257B, 259B, as may be seen in Fig. 45.
The column subassembly is then rotated counterclockwise about the
longitudinal axis of the column 215, still in a horizontal position, 90° from the first
assembly position shown in Figs. 44 and 45 to a second assembly position shown in
Fig. 47. A fillet weld 260 is made in the horizontal welding position and extends
along the longitudinal axis of the column 215 to connect an edge of the gusset plate
223B extending parallel to the longitudinal axis of the column to the face 220B of the
column. Referring to Figs. 47 and 48, linear fillet welds 261A, 261B are made along
opposite edges of the gusset plate 223B that are spaced apart along the longitudinal
axis of the column 215. The fillet welds 261A, 261B are made in the horizontal
welding position and extend transverse to the longitudinal axis of the column 215. A
weld 263 located on the right side of the gusset plate 223A (as oriented in Fig. 47)
further connects the gusset plates 223B, 223A together. The weld 263 includes two
types of welds along its length. Where the weld 263 extends along the bevel 248A
of the slot 247A of the gusset plate 223B, it comprises a partial joint penetration
(PJP) groove weld with reinforcing fillet weld, designated 263A, as shown in Fig. 47.
Away from the bevel 248A, the weld 263 is a fillet weld 263B, as may be seen in Fig.
The eighth gusset plate 223H is placed in a horizontal position on the
face 220B of the column 215 and aligned as needed with respect to the column. A
fillet weld 264 is made in the horizontal welding position and extends along the
longitudinal axis of the column 215 to connect an edge of the gusset plate 223H
extending parallel to the longitudinal axis of the column to the face 220B of the
column. Linear fillet welds 265A, 265B are made along opposite edges of the gusset
plate 223H that are spaced apart along the longitudinal axis of the column 215. The
fillet welds 265A, 265B are made in the horizontal welding position and extend
transverse to the longitudinal axis of the column 215. The gusset plate 223F is then
mated with and initially shored on the gusset plate 223H by inserting the open slot
243B in the gusset plate 223F into the corresponding slot 247B in the gusset plate
223H. As fully mated, the open slot 247B in the gusset plate 223H receives a
portion of a the gusset plate 223F, and the open slot 243B in the gusset plate 223F
receives a portion of the gusset plate 223H, which provides temporary shoring of the
gusset plate 223F on the gusset plate 223H prior to fixedly connecting the two plates
together. Using the column 215 as an alignment jig, the gusset plate 223F is aligned
on the column. After the gusset plate 223F is mated with the gusset plate 223H in
this manner, and plumbness and orthogonal alignment have been achieved, the
gusset plate 223F is temporarily attached to face 220C of the column 215 by tack
welds 255. A fillet weld 266 is made in the horizontal welding position and extends
on the right side of the gusset plates 223F (as oriented in Fig. 47) the full depth of
the gusset plates 223H, 223F to join the gusset plates together. A weld 267 located
on the left side of the gusset plate 223F (as oriented in Fig. 47) also connects the
gusset plates 223H, 223F together. The weld 267 includes two types of welds along
its length. Where the weld 267 extends along the bevel 248B of the slots 247B of
the gusset plate 223H, it comprises a partial joint penetration (PJP) groove weld with
reinforcing fillet weld, designated 267A, as shown in Fig. 47. Away from the bevel
244B, the weld 267 is a fillet weld 267B, as may be seen in Fig. 48.
The column subassembly is then placed in a third assembly position
by rotating the column counterclockwise 90° about its longitudinal axis from the
second assembly position shown in Fig. 47 to the position shown in Fig. 49. A fillet
weld 268 is made in the horizontal welding position and extends along the
longitudinal axis of the column 215 to connect an edge of the gusset plate 223F
extending parallel to the longitudinal axis of the column to the face 220C of the
column. Referring to Figs. 49 and 50, linear fillet welds 269A, 269B are made along
opposite edges of the gusset plate 223F that are spaced apart along the longitudinal
axis of the column 215. The fillet welds 269A, 269B are made in the horizontal
welding position and extend transverse to the longitudinal axis of the column 215. A
weld 270 located on the right side of the gusset plate 223H (as oriented in Fig. 49)
further connects the gusset plates 223F, 223H together. The weld 270 includes two
types of welds along its length. Where the weld 270 extends along the bevel 244B
of the slot 243B of the gusset plate 223F, it comprises a partial joint penetration
(PJP) groove weld with reinforcing fillet weld, designated 270A, as shown in Fig. 50.
Away from the bevel 244B, the weld 270 is a fillet weld 270B, as may be seen in Fig.
The fourth gusset plate 223D is placed in a horizontal position on the
face 220C of the column 215 and aligned as needed with respect to the column. A
fillet weld 271 is made in the horizontal welding position and extends along the
longitudinal axis of the column 215 to connect an edge of the gusset plate 223D
extending parallel to the longitudinal axis of the column the face 220C of the column.
Linear fillet welds 272A, 272B are made along opposite edges of the gusset plate
223D that are spaced apart along the longitudinal axis of the column 215. The fillet
welds 272A, 272B are made in the horizontal welding position and extend transverse
to the longitudinal axis of the column 215. The seventh gusset plate 223G is then
mated with and initially shored on the gusset plate 223D by inserting the open slot
248A in the gusset plate 223G into the corresponding slot 243A in the gusset plate
223D. As fully mated, the open slot 243A in the gusset plate 223D receives a
portion of a the gusset plate 223G, and the open slot 248A in the gusset plate 223G
receives a portion of the gusset plate 223D, which provides temporary shoring of the
gusset plate 223G on the gusset plate 223D prior to fixedly connecting the two plates
together. Using the column 215 as an alignment jig, the gusset plate 223G is
aligned on the column. After the gusset plate 223G is mated with the gusset plate
223D in this manner, and plumbness and orthogonal alignment have been achieved,
the gusset plate 223G is temporarily attached to face 220D of the column 215 by
tack welds 255. A fillet weld 273 is made in the horizontal welding position and
extends on the right side of the gusset plates 223G (as oriented in Fig. 49) the full
depth of the gusset plates 223D, 223G to join the gusset plates together. A weld
274 located on the left side of the gusset plate 223G (as oriented in Fig. 49) also
connects the gusset plates 223D, 223G together. The weld 274 includes two types
of welds along its length. Where the weld 274 extends along the bevel 244A of the
slot 243A of the gusset plate 223D, it comprises a partial joint penetration (PJP)
groove weld with reinforcing fillet weld, designated 274A, as shown in Fig. 50. Away
from the bevel 244A, the weld 274 is a fillet weld 274B, as may be seen in Fig. 49.
All of the gusset plates 223A-223H have been connected to the
column 215 after the steps described in relation to Figs. 49 and 50 have been carried
out. In order to make the final welds to complete the column assembly 213 in the
horizontal welding position, the column 215 is rotated from the third assembly
position shown in Fig. 49 to a fourth assembly position shown in Fig. 51. As before,
this is accomplished by rotating the column counterclockwise 90° about its
longitudinal axis, while remaining in a horizontal position to locate the face 220D of
the column in an upwardly directed orientation. A fillet weld 275 is made in the
horizontal welding position and extends along the longitudinal axis of the column 215
to connect an edge of the gusset plate 223E extending parallel to the longitudinal
axis of the column the face 220D of the column. Referring now also to Fig. 52, linear
fillet welds 276A, 276B are made along opposite edges of the gusset plate 223E that
are spaced apart along the longitudinal axis of the column 215. The fillet welds
276A, 276B are made in the horizontal welding position and extend transverse to the
longitudinal axis of the column 215. A fillet weld 277 is made in the horizontal
welding position and extends along the longitudinal axis of the column 215 to
connect an edge of the gusset plate 223G extending parallel to the longitudinal axis
of the column the face 220D of the column. Linear fillet welds 278A, 278B are made
along opposite edges of the gusset plate 223G that are spaced apart along the
longitudinal axis of the column 215. The fillet welds 278A, 278B are made in the
horizontal welding position and extend transverse to the longitudinal axis of the
column 215. A weld 279 located on the left side of the gusset plate 223C (as
oriented in Fig. 51) also connects the gusset plates 223C, 223E together. A weld
280 located on the right side of the gusset plate 223D (as oriented in Fig. 51)
connects the gusset plates 223D, 223G together. Each of the welds 279, 280
includes two types of welds along their lengths. Where the welds 279, 280 extend
along the bevels 248B, 248A of the slots 247B, 247A of the gusset plates 223E,
223G, they each comprise a partial joint penetration (PJP) groove weld with
reinforcing fillet weld, designated 279A, 280A, respectively as shown in Fig. 51.
Away from the bevels 248B, 248A, the welds 279, 280 are fillet welds 279B, 280B,
as may be seen in Fig. 52. These final welds complete the formation of the gusset
plate assembly 221 and of the column assembly 213.
The completed column assembly 213 can be transported from a
fabrication shop where it was constructed to a worksite to become part of a building
framework, like the building framework 1 shown in Fig. 1. It will be understood that
the precise order of construction can be varied from that described for column
assembly 213 without departing from the scope of the present invention. For
example, the precise order in which the welds are made in each assembly position
could be changed while retaining the advantage of all of the welds being made in the
horizontal welding position. Moreover, the partial joint penetration groove weld with
reinforcing fillet welds described in the construction of the column assembly 213
provide benefits because of their overall economy in making. However, it is to be
understood that other joint penetration groove weld types and associated T-joints
configurations can also be used (with or without beveled gusset plate edges, and
with or without a reinforcing fillet weld). For example and without limitation, these
welds include a single-bevel complete joint penetration (CJP) groove weld, a double
bevel groove weld, a single J-groove weld, a double J-groove weld and a square-
groove weld which might be employed in electro-slag welding applications.
Aspects of the construction of gusset plate assemblies 21, 121, 221
assembled using the columns 15, 115, 215 as part of the column assemblies 13,
113, 213 described previously herein also provide benefit in the construction of a
gusset plate assembly 321 shown in Figs. 53-55 that is formed independently of any
column. It will be appreciated that the configuration of the gusset plate assembly
321 is substantially identical to the gusset plate assembly 21 of column assembly 13,
but the gusset plate assembly 321 is formed separately from any column and then
later mated with and welded to a column. Gusset plate assemblies of this type are
described in coassigned U.S. Patent Application No. 14/729,957.
Referring to Fig. 53, the gusset plate assembly 321 includes four
gusset plates 323A-323D having the same construction as the gusset plates 23A-
23D shown in Figs. 4 and 5. Interior apertures 341 and 345 used for connecting the
gusset plate assembly to a column (not shown) may be seen in Fig. 53. Instead of
using a column as a jig, other suitable jigging (not shown) may be used to assembly
the gusset plates 323A-323D independently of the column. The slots (not shown in
Fig. 53) of the gusset plates 323A-323D allow the plates to be mated prior to any
fixed connection between the plates. It will be understood that all four plates may be
mated together before any weld or other fixing connection is made, or that welds
may be made at the time each new gusset plate is mated with the gusset plates
previously mated with each other. For convenience, the welds will be described so
as to correspond to the welds described for interconnecting the gusset plates 23A-
23D. However, the order of making the welds for the gusset plate assembly 321 can
be the same as or different from that described for making the gusset plate assembly
21. Referring to Figs. 54 and 55, it may be seen that the gusset plate 323A is
attached to the gusset plate 323B using a fillet weld 357 extending the full depths of
the gusset plates. The gusset plate 323B is further fixedly joined with gusset plate
323A using welds 361 and 387. As illustrated, these welds include two different
types of welds. Where the weld 361 extends along a portion of the slot in the gusset
plate 323A having a beveled edge, it is a partial joint penetration (PJP) groove weld
with reinforcing fillet weld 361A (Fig. 54). Away from the bevel associated with the
slot in the gusset plate 323A, the weld 361 is a fillet weld 361B (Fig. 55). Similarly,
where the weld 387 extends along a portion of the slot in the gusset plate 323B
having a beveled edge, it is a partial joint penetration (PJP) groove weld with
reinforcing fillet weld 387A (Fig. 55). Away from the bevel associated with the slot in
the gusset plates 323B, the weld 387 is a fillet weld 387B (Fig. 54).
The gusset plate 323A is attached to the gusset plate 323C using a
fillet weld 359 extending the full depths of the gusset plates. The gusset plate 323C
is further fixedly joined with gusset plate 323A using welds 363 and 371. As
illustrated, these welds include two different types of welds. Where the weld 363
extends along a portion of the slot in the gusset plate 323A having a bevel, it is a
partial joint penetration (PJP) groove weld with reinforcing fillet weld 363A (Fig. 54).
Away from the bevel associated with the slot in the gusset plate 323A, the weld 363
is a fillet weld 363B (Fig. 55). Similarly, where the weld 371 extends along a portion
of the slot in the gusset plate 323C having a bevel, it is a partial joint penetration
(PJP) groove weld with reinforcing fillet weld 371A (Fig. 55). Away from the bevel
associated with the slot in the gusset plates 323C, the weld 371 is a fillet weld 371B
(Fig. 54). Gusset plate 323C is fixedly connected to gusset plate 323D with a fillet
weld 369 extending the full depths of the gusset plates. The gusset plate 323D is
further fixedly joined with gusset plate 323C using welds 373 and 379. As illustrated,
these welds include two different types of welds. Where the weld 373 extends along
a portion of the slot in the gusset plate 323C having a beveled edge, it is a partial
joint penetration (PJP) groove weld with reinforcing fillet weld 373A (Fig. 55). Away
from the bevel associated with the slot in the gusset plate 323C, the weld 373 is a
fillet weld 373B (Fig. 54). Similarly, where the weld 379 extends along a portion of
the slot in the gusset plate 323D having a beveled edge, it is a partial joint
penetration (PJP) groove weld with reinforcing fillet weld 379A (Fig. 54). Away from
the bevel associated with the slot in the gusset plates 323D, the weld 379 is a fillet
weld 379B (Fig. 55).
Proceeding around the gusset plate assembly 321, the gusset plate
323B is fixedly connected to the gusset plate 323D with a fillet weld 377 extending
the full depths of the gusset plates. The gusset plate 323D is further fixedly joined
with gusset plate 323B using welds 381 and 385. As illustrated, these welds include
two different types of welds. Where the weld 381 extends along a portion of the slot
in the gusset plate 323D having a beveled edge, it is a partial joint penetration (PJP)
groove weld with reinforcing fillet weld 381A (Fig. 54). Away from the bevel
associated with the slot in the gusset plate 323D, the weld 381 is a fillet weld 381B
(Fig. 55). The portion of weld 385 extending along a portion of the slot in the gusset
plate 323B having a beveled edge is a partial joint penetration groove weld with
reinforcing fillet weld 385A (Fig. 55). Away from the bevel associated with the slot in
the gusset plate 323B, the weld 385 is a fillet weld 385B (Fig. 54).
The gusset plate assembly 321 configured in this manner with groove
welds as described, has the strength needed to function in a moment-resisting joint
connection structure in building framework without requiring any welds to be made
on interior corners of the gusset plate assembly. In particular, the joint penetration
groove welds formed on exterior corners of intersecting gusset plates provides the
necessary strength for the gusset plate assembly in the absence of any welds on the
interior corners of the gusset plate assembly. As a result, the gusset plate assembly
321 can be fit up snugly to the column without physical interference with the corner
of the column that might be present if a weld was located on an interior corner of the
gusset plate assembly. Particularly when built-up box columns are used, the sharp
right angle corners do not permit room for internal welds of a gusset plate assembly.
It will be understood that welds on the internal corners of a gusset plate assembly
may be used within the scope of the present invention. The partial joint penetration
groove welds with reinforcing fillet welds illustrated provide benefits because of their
overall economy in making. However, it is to be understood that other joint
penetration groove weld types and associated T-joints configurations can also be
used (with or without beveled gusset plate edges, and with or without a reinforcing
fillet weld may be used. For example and without limitation, these welds include a
single-bevel complete joint penetration (CJP) groove weld, a double bevel groove
weld, a single J-groove weld, a double J-groove weld and a square-groove weld
which might be employed in electro-slag welding applications.
OTHER STATEMENTS OF INVENTION
A. A method of fabricating a column assembly including a hollow
tubular column and connected gusset plates configured to form bi-axial moment
connections with beams in a building framework, the method comprising using the
column as a jig to locate gusset plates for assembling a gusset plate assembly of the
gusset plates, connecting at least some of gusset plates located by the column to the
column, connecting at least some of the gusset plates to each other to form the
gusset plate assembly, the connection of the gusset plates to each other being
separate from the connection of the gusset plates to the column.
B. The method as set forth in claim A further comprising using a
first of the gusset plates connected to the column as a jig for positioning a second of
the gusset plates on the column prior to the second gusset plate being connected to
the column.
C. The method as set forth in claim B wherein using the first of the
gusset plates as a jig comprises mating the second gusset plate with the first gusset
plate.
D. The method as set forth in claim C wherein mating the second
gusset plate with the first gusset plate comprises receiving a portion of at least one
of a first and second gusset plates in an open slot in another of the first and second
gusset plates.
E. The method as set forth in claim C wherein mating the second
gusset plate with the first gusset plate comprises receiving a portion of the second
gusset plate in an open slot in the first gusset plate and receiving a portion of the first
gusset plate in an open slot in the second gusset plate.
F. The method as set forth in claim B further comprising using the
first gusset plate connected to the column as a jig for positioning a third of the gusset
plates on the column prior to the third gusset plate being connected to the column.
G. The method as set forth in claim F further comprising using the
second and third gusset plates as a jig for positioning a fourth of the gusset plates on
the column prior to the fourth gusset plate being connected to the column.
H. The method as set forth in claim G wherein mating the fourth
gusset plate with the second and third gusset plates comprises receiving a portion of
the fourth gusset plate in an open slot in the second gusset plate and receiving
another portion of the fourth gusset plate in an open slot in the third gusset plate.
I. The method as set forth in claim G further comprising the steps
of welding the second gusset plate to the first gusset plate, welding the third gusset
plate to the first gusset plate, and welding the fourth gusset plate to the second and
third gusset plates to form the gusset plate assembly surrounding the column.
J. The method as set forth in claim I wherein welding the second
gusset plate to the first gusset plate, welding the third gusset plate to the first gusset
plate and welding the fourth gusset plate to the second and third gusset plates each
includes forming a joint penetration groove weld.
K. The method as set forth in claim J wherein forming a joint
penetration groove weld comprises forming a partial joint penetration groove weld
with reinforcing fillet weld.
L. The method as set forth in claim I further comprising welding the
first, second, third and fourth gusset plates to the column.
M. The method as set forth in claim L wherein welding the first,
second, third and fourth gusset plates to the column comprises for each of the
gusset plates forming first and second welds extending transverse to the longitudinal
axis along opposite edges of each of the gusset plates, and forming a weld to the
column through an interior aperture of the gusset plate.
N. The method as set forth in claim I wherein the welding of the
first, second, third and fourth gusset plates to each other and welding the first,
second third and fourth gusset plates to the column is accomplished entirely by
welding in the horizontal welding position.
O. The method as set forth in claim A wherein connection of the
gusset plates to each other comprises forming a joint penetration groove weld on an
exterior corner formed by an intersection of the gusset plates.
P. The method as set forth in claim O further comprising leaving an
interior corner formed by the intersection of the gusset plates free of any weld in the
finished column assembly.
Q. The method as set forth in claim A wherein the step of using the
column as a jig comprises orienting the column in a horizontal position, connecting a
first of the gusset plates to the column with the first gusset plate in a horizontal
position, rotating the column about its longitudinal axis and connecting a second of
the gusset plates to the column with the second gusset plate in a horizontal position.
R. The method as set forth in claim Q further comprising rotating
the column about its longitudinal axis and connecting a third of the gusset plates to
the column with the third gusset plate in a horizontal position.
S. The method as set forth in claim R further comprising rotating
the column about its longitudinal axis and connecting a fourth of the gusset plates to
the column with the fourth gusset plate in a horizontal position.
T. The method as set forth in claim B further comprising connecting
a third and a fourth gusset plate to the column.
U. The method as set forth in claim T further comprising using the
third gusset plate connected to the column as a jig to position a fifth gusset plate on
the column prior to the fifth gusset plate being connected to the column.
V. The method as set forth in claim U wherein connecting the
fourth gusset plate to the column comprises welding the fourth gusset plate to a first
face of the column in a position where opposite end margins of the plate project
outward from opposite side walls of the column.
W. The method as set forth in claim V wherein using the column as
a jig comprises placing the column in a horizontal position with the first face of the
column directed upward, the step of connecting the fourth gusset plate to the first
face comprising locating the fourth gusset plate on the first face of the column so that
the fourth gusset plate is supported in a generally horizontal position on the column
and welding the fourth gusset plate to the first face of the column in a horizontal
welding position.
X. The method as set forth in claim W wherein the step of
connecting the fourth gusset plate to the column is carried out prior to connection of
any other gusset plate of the gusset plate assembly to the column.
Y. The method as set forth in claim W further comprising rotating
the column 180° about a longitudinal axis of the column so that a second face of the
column is directed upward.
Z. The method as set forth in claim Y wherein connecting the fourth
gusset plate to the column comprises welding the fourth gusset plate to corners of
the column adjacent the fourth gusset plate in a horizontal welding position when the
column is in the position where the second face of the column is directed upward
and prior to connecting the first and third gusset plates to the column.
A1. The method as set forth in claim Y wherein connecting the first
gusset plate to the column comprises welding the first gusset plate to the second
face of the column in a horizontal welding position, and connecting the third gusset
plate to the column comprises welding the third gusset plate to the second face of
the column in a horizontal welding position.
A2. The method as set forth in claim A1 wherein welding the first
gusset plate to the second face of the column comprises making welds connecting
the first gusset plate to the second face of the column along opposite edges of the
first gusset plate, the welds extending transverse to the longitudinal axis of the
column, and making a weld connecting the first gusset plate to the second face of
the column extending parallel to the longitudinal axis of the column, and wherein
welding the third gusset plate to the second face of the column comprises making
welds connecting the third gusset plate to the second face of the column along
opposite edges of the third gusset plate, the welds extending transverse to the
longitudinal axis of the column, and making a weld connecting the third gusset plate
to the second face of the column extending parallel to the longitudinal axis of the
column.
A3. The method as set forth in claim Y further comprising welding
the second gusset plate to the first gusset plate and welding the fifth gusset plate to
the third gusset plate in a horizontal welding position, each of welding the second
gusset plate to the first gusset plate and welding the fifth gusset plate to the third
gusset plate comprising forming a joint penetration groove weld.
A4. The method as set forth in claim A3 wherein forming a joint
penetration groove weld comprises forming a partial joint penetration groove weld
with reinforcing fillet weld.
A5. The method as set forth in claim Y further comprising rotating
the column 90° about the longitudinal axis of the column so that a third face of the
column is directed upward and welding the second gusset plate to the third face of
the column in a horizontal welding position.
A6. The method as set forth in claim A5 wherein welding the second
gusset plate to the third face of the column comprises making welds connecting the
second gusset plate to the third face of the column along opposite edges of the
second gusset plate, the welds extending transverse to the longitudinal axis of the
column, and making a weld connecting the second gusset plate to the third face of
the column extending parallel to the longitudinal axis of the column.
A7. The method as set forth in claim A5 further comprising welding
the second gusset plate to the first gusset plate on an upward face of the second
gusset plate along an edge of an interior face of the first gusset plate intersecting the
upward face of the second gusset plate in a horizontal welding position using a joint
penetration groove weld.
A8. The method as set forth in claim A7 further comprising rotating
the column 180° about the longitudinal axis of the column so that a fourth face of the
column is directed upward and welding the fifth gusset plate to the fourth face of the
column in a horizontal welding position.
A9. The method as set forth in claim A8 wherein welding the fifth
gusset plate to a fourth face of the column comprises making welds connecting the
fifth gusset plate to the fourth face of the column along opposite edges of the fifth
gusset plate, the welds extending transverse to the longitudinal axis of the column,
and making a weld connecting the fifth gusset plate to the fourth face of the column
extending parallel to the longitudinal axis of the column.
A10. The method as set forth in claim A8 further comprising welding
the third gusset plate to the fifth gusset plate on the upward face of the fifth gusset
plate along an edge of the interior face of the third gusset plate intersecting the
upward face of the fifth gusset plate in a horizontal welding position, wherein welding
the third gusset plate to the fifth gusset plate comprises forming a joint penetration
groove weld.
A11. The method as set forth in claim A10 wherein forming the
penetration groove weld comprises forming a partial joint penetration groove weld
with reinforcing fillet weld.
A12. The method as set forth in claim U further comprising using the
fourth gusset plate connected to the column as a jig to position a sixth gusset plate
on the column prior to the sixth gusset plate being connected to the column.
A13. The method as set forth in claim A12 further comprising
connecting a seventh gusset plate to the column and using the seventh gusset plate
as a jig to position an eighth gusset plate on the column prior to the eighth gusset
plate being secured to the column.
A14. A method of fabricating a column assembly including a hollow
tubular column and connected gusset plates configured to form bi-axial moment
connections with beams in a building framework, the method comprising:
placing the column in a first horizontal assembly position;
positioning a first of the gusset plates on an upwardly facing portion
of the column placed in the horizontal position so that the first gusset plate is
supported in a horizontal orientation on the column in the first horizontal
assembly position of the column;
joining the first gusset plate to the column in the first horizontal
assembly position of the column;
mating a second of the gusset plates with the first gusset plate such
that the second gusset plate is supported by the first gusset plate in a vertical
orientation;
mating a third of the gusset plates with the first gusset plate such that
the third gusset plate is supported by the first gusset plate in a vertical
orientation;
rotating the column about a longitudinal axis of the column to a
second horizontal assembly position;
mating a fourth of the gusset plates with the second and third gusset
plates such that the fourth gusset plate is supported by the second and third
gusset plates; and
rigidly interconnecting the first, second, third and fourth gusset plates
with each other on the column.
A15. The method as set forth in claim A14 wherein the step of rigidly
interconnecting the first, second, third and fourth gusset plates comprises rigidly
interconnecting the first, second and third gusset plates when the column is in the
first horizontal assembly position.
A16. The method as set forth in claim A14 wherein the step of rigidly
interconnecting the first, second, third and fourth gusset plates comprises welding
the first gusset plate to the second and third gusset plates along an edge defined by
the intersection of the first and second gusset plates and along an edge defined by
the intersection of the first and third gusset plates, respectively the when the column
is in the first horizontal assembly position.
A17. The method as set forth in claim A16 wherein the step of rigidly
interconnecting the first, second, third and fourth gusset plates comprises welding
the third gusset plate to the first and fourth gusset plates along an edge defined by
the intersection of the third and first gusset plates and along an edge defined by the
intersection of the third and fourth gusset plates, respectively, when the column is in
the second horizontal assembly position.
A18. The method as set forth in claim A17 further comprising rotating
the column about its longitudinal axis to a third horizontal assembly position, and
wherein the step of rigidly interconnecting the first, second, third and fourth gusset
plates comprises welding the fourth gusset plate to the second and third gusset
plates along an edge defined by the intersection of the fourth and second gusset
plates and along an edge defined by the intersection of the fourth and third gusset
plates, respectively, when the column is in the third horizontal assembly position.
A19. The method as set forth in claim A18 further comprising rotating
the column about its longitudinal axis to a fourth horizontal assembly position, and
wherein the step of rigidly interconnecting the first, second, third and fourth gusset
plates comprises welding the second gusset plate to the first and fourth gusset
plates along an edge defined by the intersection of the second and first gusset plates
and along an edge defined by the intersection of the second and fourth gusset plates
when the column is in the fourth horizontal assembly position.
A20. The method as set forth in claim A19 further comprising
joining the third gusset plate to the column when the third gusset plate is in a
horizontal orientation and the column is in the second horizontal assembly position of
the column, joining the fourth gusset plate to the column when the fourth gusset
plate is in a horizontal orientation and the column is in the third horizontal assembly
position of the column, and joining the second gusset plate to the column when the
second gusset plate is in a horizontal orientation and the column is in the fourth
horizontal assembly position of the column.
When introducing elements of the present invention or the preferred
embodiments(s) thereof, the articles "a", "an", "the" and "said" are intended to mean
that there are one or more of the elements. The terms "comprising", "including" and
"having" are intended to be inclusive and mean that there may be additional
elements other than the listed elements. The use of numerical identifiers such as
"first," "second," "third," and so on to distinguish components and/or steps is done for
convenience in describing the embodiments. However, the particular designation of
a component or step in the Detailed Description in this way does not require the
component to be identified by the same numerical identifier in the claims.
In view of the above, it will be seen that the several objects of the
invention are achieved and other advantageous results attained.
As various changes could be made in the above constructions,
products, and methods without departing from the scope of the invention, it is
intended that all matter contained in the above description and shown in the
accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting
sense.
Bi-axial, moment resisting beam-to-column joint connection structures
and column assemblies that are constructed according to the principles of the
present invention provide numerous unique features, benefits and advantages.
Reference is made to the figures illustrating some of the embodiments to which the
advantages and benefits apply. This invention uniquely provides for a direct load
transfer of beam flange forces to the sidewalls of the hollow tubular column.
Claims (20)
1. A gusset plate assembly for use in connecting at least two beams to a hollow tubular column in a building, the gusset plate assembly configured to receive said at least two beams in a biaxial orientation of said beams, the gusset plate assembly comprising gusset plates sized for transferring the weights of said at least two beams and their reaction forces and bending moments from the application of severe load conditions acting on the building to the hollow tubular column, at least a first of the gusset plates being configured to receive a portion of a second of the gusset plates therein, and a joint penetration groove weld joining the first and second gusset plates together.
2. The gusset plate assembly as set forth in claim 1 wherein the joint penetration groove weld comprises a partial joint penetration groove weld with reinforcing fillet weld.
3. The gusset plate assembly as set forth in claim 1 wherein the first gusset plate has an open slot receiving a portion of the second gusset plate therein, the open slot having opposing edges, at least one of the edges having a bevel, the joint penetration groove weld being located at the bevel.
4. The gusset plate assembly as set forth in claim 3 wherein the second gusset plate has an open slot therein receiving a portion of the first gusset plate therein, the open slot of the second gusset plate having opposing edges, at least one of the edges having a bevel, and another joint penetration groove weld connecting the first and second gusset plates being located at the bevel of the second gusset plate open slot.
5. The gusset plate assembly as set forth in claim 4 wherein the first gusset plate includes another open slot receiving a portion of a third of the gusset plates therein, the other open slot of the first gusset plate having opposing edges, at least one of the edges having a bevel, a joint penetration groove weld connecting the first gusset plate and third gusset plate together being located at the bevel, and the third gusset plate has an open slot receiving a portion of the first gusset plate therein, the open slot of the third gusset plate having opposing edges, at least one of the edges having a bevel, and another joint penetration groove weld connecting the first and third gusset plates being located at the bevel of the third gusset plate open slot.
6. The gusset plate assembly as set forth in claim 5 wherein the second gusset plate incudes another open slot receiving a portion of a fourth of the gusset plates therein, the other open slot of the second gusset plate having opposing edges, at least one of the edges having a bevel, a joint penetration groove weld connecting the second gusset plate and fourth gusset plate together being located at the bevel, and the fourth gusset plate has an open slot receiving a portion of the second gusset plate therein, the open slot of the fourth gusset plate having opposing edges, at least one of the edges having a bevel, and another joint penetration groove weld connecting the second and fourth gusset plates being located at the bevel of the fourth gusset plate open slot.
7. The gusset plate assembly as set forth in claim 6 wherein the third gusset plate includes another open slot receiving a portion of the fourth gusset plate therein, the other open slot of the third gusset plate having opposing edges, at least one of the edges having a bevel, a joint penetration groove weld connecting the third gusset plate and fourth gusset plate together being located at the bevel, and the fourth gusset plate has another open slot receiving a portion of the third gusset plate therein, the open slot of the fourth gusset plate having opposing edges, at least one of the edges having a bevel, and another joint penetration groove weld connecting the third and fourth gusset plates being located at the bevel of the fourth gusset plate open slot.
8. The gusset plate assembly as set forth in claim 4 further comprising a third gusset plate and a fourth gusset plate, the third gusset plate has an open slot receiving a portion of the fourth gusset plate therein, the open slot having opposing edges, at least one of the edges having a bevel, and a joint penetration groove weld connecting the third and fourth gusset plates being located at the bevel.
9. The gusset plate assembly as set forth in claim 8 wherein the fourth gusset plate has an open slot therein receiving a portion of the third gusset plate therein, the open slot of the fourth gusset plate having opposing edges, at least one of the edges having a bevel, and another joint penetration groove weld connecting the third and fourth gusset plates being located at the bevel of the fourth gusset plate open slot.
10. The gusset plate assembly as set forth in claim 8 further comprising a fifth gusset plate and a sixth gusset plate, the fifth gusset plate has an open slot receiving a portion of the sixth gusset plate therein, the open slot having opposing edges, at least one of the edges having a bevel, and a joint penetration groove weld connecting the fifth and sixth gusset plates being located at the bevel.
11. The gusset plate assembly as set forth in claim 10 wherein the sixth gusset plate has an open slot therein receiving a portion of the fifth gusset plate therein, the open slot of the sixth gusset plate having opposing edges, at least one of the edges having a bevel, and another joint penetration groove weld connecting the fifth and sixth gusset plates being located at the bevel of the gusset plate open slot.
12. The gusset plate assembly as set forth in claim 10 further comprising a seventh gusset plate and an eighth gusset plate, the seventh gusset plate has an open slot receiving a portion of the eighth gusset plate therein, the open slot having opposing edges, at least one of the edges having a bevel, and a joint penetration groove weld connecting the seventh and eighth gusset plates being located at the bevel.
13. The gusset plate assembly as set forth in claim 12 wherein the eighth gusset plate has an open slot therein receiving a portion of the seventh gusset plate therein, the open slot of the eighth gusset plate having opposing edges, at least one of the edges having a bevel, and another joint penetration groove weld connecting the seventh and eighth gusset plates being located at the bevel of the gusset plate open slot.
14. The gusset plate assembly as set forth in claim 1 wherein the first and second plates define an exterior first corner extending along an intersection of the first and second gusset plates, the intersection having a length, the joint penetration groove weld extending along the exterior first corner less than the entire intersection length of the exterior first corner, the gusset plate assembly further comprising a fillet weld extending along the exterior first corner from an end of the joint penetration groove weld in a direction away from the joint penetration groove weld along the intersection of the first and second gusset plates.
15. The gusset plate assembly as set forth in claim 14 wherein the first and second plates define an exterior second corner, an exterior third corner and an interior fourth corner along the intersection of the first and second gusset plates, the gusset plate assembly further comprising welds extending along the intersection of the exterior second corner and the exterior third corner, the interior fourth corner being free of welds to accommodate a corner of the column in close fitting relationship therewith.
16. The gusset plate assembly as set forth in claim 1 in combination with the hollow tubular column, the gusset plate assembly being connected to the hollow tubular column for transferring the weights of said at least two beams and their reaction forces and bending moments from the application of severe load conditions acting on the building to the hollow tubular column.
17. A method of constructing a gusset plate assembly for use with a column assembly including a hollow tubular column and connected gusset plates configured to form bi-axial moment connections with beams in a building framework, the method comprising mating a first of the gusset plates with a second of the gusset plates so that a portion of at least one of the first and second gusset plates is received in an open slot of the other of the first and second gusset plates whereby inner surfaces of the mated gusset plates define an interior corner and outer surfaces of the mated gusset plates define plural exterior corners, forming a joint penetration groove weld on at least one of the exterior corners of the mated first and second gusset plates.
18. The method as set forth in claim 17 further comprising leaving the interior corner free of any weld.
19. The method as set forth in claim 17 wherein forming the joint penetration groove weld comprises forming a partial joint penetration groove weld with reinforcing fillet weld.
20. The method as set forth in claim 17 wherein mating the first and second gusset plates comprises aligning an open slot in the first gusset plate with an open slot in the second gusset plate and bringing the first and second gusset plates together so that a portion of the second gusset plate is received in the open slot of the first gusset plate and a portion of the first gusset plate is received in the open slot of the second gusset plate, and wherein forming the joint penetration groove weld comprises forming the joint penetration groove weld at an edge of at least one of the open slots.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US15/284,142 | 2016-10-03 | ||
US15/284,107 | 2016-10-03 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NZ731370A true NZ731370A (en) |
Family
ID=
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