NZ728027B2 - Reduction of infections in healthcare settings using photocatalytic compositions - Google Patents
Reduction of infections in healthcare settings using photocatalytic compositionsInfo
- Publication number
- NZ728027B2 NZ728027B2 NZ728027A NZ72802715A NZ728027B2 NZ 728027 B2 NZ728027 B2 NZ 728027B2 NZ 728027 A NZ728027 A NZ 728027A NZ 72802715 A NZ72802715 A NZ 72802715A NZ 728027 B2 NZ728027 B2 NZ 728027B2
- Authority
- NZ
- New Zealand
- Prior art keywords
- infection
- inanimate
- infections
- facility
- ppm
- Prior art date
Links
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract 8
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 title claims abstract 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract 18
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 14
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract 10
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 8
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 5
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 5
- 206010011409 Cross infection Diseases 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 239000012678 infectious agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 claims 6
- 241000191967 Staphylococcus aureus Species 0.000 claims 4
- 108010059993 Vancomycin Proteins 0.000 claims 4
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims 4
- MYPYJXKWCTUITO-LYRMYLQWSA-N vancomycin Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1OC1=C2C=C3C=C1OC1=CC=C(C=C1Cl)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C(N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@H]3C(=O)N[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@H](C(N[C@@H](C3=CC(O)=CC(O)=C3C=3C(O)=CC=C1C=3)C(O)=O)=O)[C@H](O)C1=CC=C(C(=C1)Cl)O2)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC(C)C)NC)[C@H]1C[C@](C)(N)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)O1 MYPYJXKWCTUITO-LYRMYLQWSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- 229960003165 vancomycin Drugs 0.000 claims 4
- MYPYJXKWCTUITO-UHFFFAOYSA-N vancomycin Natural products O1C(C(=C2)Cl)=CC=C2C(O)C(C(NC(C2=CC(O)=CC(O)=C2C=2C(O)=CC=C3C=2)C(O)=O)=O)NC(=O)C3NC(=O)C2NC(=O)C(CC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC)C(O)C(C=C3Cl)=CC=C3OC3=CC2=CC1=C3OC1OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C1OC1CC(C)(N)C(O)C(C)O1 MYPYJXKWCTUITO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- 241000589291 Acinetobacter Species 0.000 claims 2
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 claims 2
- 241000588807 Bordetella Species 0.000 claims 2
- 241000589562 Brucella Species 0.000 claims 2
- 241001453380 Burkholderia Species 0.000 claims 2
- 201000006082 Chickenpox Diseases 0.000 claims 2
- 241000193403 Clostridium Species 0.000 claims 2
- 241000194033 Enterococcus Species 0.000 claims 2
- 241000709661 Enterovirus Species 0.000 claims 2
- 241000991587 Enterovirus C Species 0.000 claims 2
- 241000588722 Escherichia Species 0.000 claims 2
- 208000007514 Herpes zoster Diseases 0.000 claims 2
- XQFRJNBWHJMXHO-RRKCRQDMSA-N IDUR Chemical compound C1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1N1C(=O)NC(=O)C(I)=C1 XQFRJNBWHJMXHO-RRKCRQDMSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 241000588748 Klebsiella Species 0.000 claims 2
- 241000186781 Listeria Species 0.000 claims 2
- 241000712079 Measles morbillivirus Species 0.000 claims 2
- RJQXTJLFIWVMTO-TYNCELHUSA-N Methicillin Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(OC)=C1C(=O)N[C@@H]1C(=O)N2[C@@H](C(O)=O)C(C)(C)S[C@@H]21 RJQXTJLFIWVMTO-TYNCELHUSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 208000025370 Middle East respiratory syndrome Diseases 0.000 claims 2
- 241000711386 Mumps virus Species 0.000 claims 2
- 241000186359 Mycobacterium Species 0.000 claims 2
- 208000002606 Paramyxoviridae Infections Diseases 0.000 claims 2
- 241001135549 Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus Species 0.000 claims 2
- 241000125945 Protoparvovirus Species 0.000 claims 2
- 241000589516 Pseudomonas Species 0.000 claims 2
- 206010057190 Respiratory tract infections Diseases 0.000 claims 2
- 241000607142 Salmonella Species 0.000 claims 2
- 206010040047 Sepsis Diseases 0.000 claims 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 206010041925 Staphylococcal infections Diseases 0.000 claims 2
- 241000191940 Staphylococcus Species 0.000 claims 2
- 241000194017 Streptococcus Species 0.000 claims 2
- 206010046980 Varicella Diseases 0.000 claims 2
- 241000607598 Vibrio Species 0.000 claims 2
- 208000037815 bloodstream infection Diseases 0.000 claims 2
- 208000006454 hepatitis Diseases 0.000 claims 2
- 231100000283 hepatitis Toxicity 0.000 claims 2
- 206010022000 influenza Diseases 0.000 claims 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 208000015688 methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infectious disease Diseases 0.000 claims 2
- 229960003085 meticillin Drugs 0.000 claims 2
- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 201000005404 rubella Diseases 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims 2
- 241000701161 unidentified adenovirus Species 0.000 claims 2
- 206010060968 Arthritis infective Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 208000014912 Central Nervous System Infections Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 241000711573 Coronaviridae Species 0.000 claims 1
- 206010017964 Gastrointestinal infection Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 241000589248 Legionella Species 0.000 claims 1
- 208000007764 Legionnaires' Disease Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 241000588653 Neisseria Species 0.000 claims 1
- 241001263478 Norovirus Species 0.000 claims 1
- 206010031252 Osteomyelitis Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 208000005141 Otitis Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 201000007100 Pharyngitis Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 206010035664 Pneumonia Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 208000007313 Reproductive Tract Infections Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 241000702670 Rotavirus Species 0.000 claims 1
- 208000031650 Surgical Wound Infection Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 206010046306 Upper respiratory tract infection Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 230000036772 blood pressure Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 210000000748 cardiovascular system Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 208000019836 digestive system infectious disease Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 208000019258 ear infection Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 229940096118 ella Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 210000004209 hair Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002103 nanocoating Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 208000020029 respiratory tract infectious disease Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 210000004872 soft tissue Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims 1
- OOLLAFOLCSJHRE-ZHAKMVSLSA-N ulipristal acetate Chemical compound C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1[C@@H]1C2=C3CCC(=O)C=C3CC[C@H]2[C@H](CC[C@]2(OC(C)=O)C(C)=O)[C@]2(C)C1 OOLLAFOLCSJHRE-ZHAKMVSLSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 208000019206 urinary tract infection Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- -1 zoster (chickenpox) Chemical compound 0.000 claims 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 abstract 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
- A61L2/08—Radiation
- A61L2/088—Radiation using a photocatalyst or photosensitiser
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2202/00—Aspects relating to methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects
- A61L2202/20—Targets to be treated
- A61L2202/25—Rooms in buildings, passenger compartments
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
- A61L9/16—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using physical phenomena
- A61L9/18—Radiation
- A61L9/20—Ultraviolet radiation
- A61L9/205—Ultraviolet radiation using a photocatalyst or photosensitiser
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/063—Titanium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/08—Silica
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/06—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of zinc, cadmium or mercury
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/20—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their non-solid state
- B01J35/23—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their non-solid state in a colloidal state
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/39—Photocatalytic properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/40—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by dimensions, e.g. grain size
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/02—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
- B05D1/04—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying involving the use of an electrostatic field
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
Abstract
Methods of reducing the incidence of healthcare-associated infections in various healthcare settings are provided. Methods for preventing or reducing the number of infections in a human or animal population are also provided. Such methods involve the application of a photocatalytic composition comprising TiO2 doped with zinc and Si or SiO2 to a surface. The methods as provided herein reduce the presence of various infectious agents that are commonly acquired or transmitted and are present on both animate and inanimate surfaces, including those infectious agents commonly found in healthcare settings. By reducing the presence of such infectious agents, the incidence of various types of infection or disease is thereby reduced.
Claims (14)
1. A method of reducing the incidence of healthcare-associated infections in a facility by ation to at least one inanimate surface of the facility structure, or at least one inanimate object therein, or a combination thereof, a atalytic composition which is applied at a rate of from about 46.5 m2 per liter to about 139.3 m2 per liter comprising: (a) 5000 to 10000 ppm of titanium dioxide (TiO2); (b) 50 to 150 ppm of zinc; and, (c) 300 to 1000 ppm of n dioxide (SiO2); wherein the care-associated infection is selected from the group consisting of bone infection, joint infection, bloodstream infection, central nervous system infection, cardiovascular system infection, pneumonia, reproductive tract infection, surgical site infection, gastrointestinal infection, lower respiratory infection, upper respiratory infection, skin or soft tissue ion, bloodstream infection, eye ion, ear infection, nose infection, throat infection, mouth infection, and urinary tract infection; wherein the incidence of healthcare-associated infections is d by at least 20% over a twelve month period after one treatment of the inanimate surfaces of the facility structure, at least one object therein, or a combination thereof.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the photocatalytic composition is applied by spraying, atomizing, coating, immersion, or dipping.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the nce of healthcare-associated infections is reduced by at least 30% over a twelve month period after one treatment of the inanimate surfaces of the structure, or at least one object therein, or a ation thereof.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of treating inanimate surfaces of the structure, or at least one inanimate object therein, or a ation thereof, prevents and reduces the presence at least one infectious agent selected from the group consisting of species of Acinetobacter, adenovirus, Bacillus, Burkholderia, Bordetella, Brucella, caliciviruses, herpes including zoster (chickenpox), Clostridium, corona viruses ing SARS, MERS, and PEDV, Enterococcus, Escherichia, Hemophilus, hepatitis viruses A and B, influenza and parainfluenza viruses, Klebsiella, Listeria, ella, measles virus, mumps virus, Mycobacterium, Neisseria, norovirus, Pseudomonas, parvovirus, poliovirus, rhinovirus, respiratory syncyticia virus, rus, rubella, Salmonella, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Vibrio, MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, VISA (vancomycin intermediate Staphylococcus aureus), MRE (multiply resistant enterococci), and VRE (vancomycin-resistant enterococci)).
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one inanimate surface includes walls, fixtures, floors, and ceilings of hallways, offices, bathrooms, elevators, stairwells, kitchens/cafeterias, common areas, nurses’ stations, and doctors’ stations.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one inanimate object is selected from the group consisting of curtains, call buttons, computers, monitors, wall computer kiosks, blood pressure cuffs, hairs, lifts, carts, and beds.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the zinc and/or silicon e ses the absorbance of light of the photocatalytic composition across the range of about 200 nm to about 500 nm.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the absorbance of light of wavelengths longer than 450 nm is less than 50% the absorbance of light of ngths shorter than 350 nm.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the titanium dioxide rticles have an average particle size of from about 2 nm to about 20 nm.
10. The method of claim 1, the photocatalytic composition having a ratio of titanium dioxide to silicon dioxide of from about 3 to about 20.
11. The method of claim 1, the photocatalytic composition having a ratio of titanium dioxide to zinc from about 5 to about 150 and a ratio of titanium dioxide to silicon dioxide from about 1 to about 500.
12. A method of preventing or reducing the number of infections in a human or animal population by application to at least one inanimate surface of a structure occupied by the population, or at least one inanimate object present therein, or a combination f, a atalytic composition comprising: (a) 5000 to 10000 ppm of titanium dioxide (TiO2); (b) 50 to 150 ppm of zinc; and, (c) 300 to 1000 ppm of silicon e (SiO2); wherein the ure occupied by the population is selected from the group consisting of an ltural facility, food-processing facility, catering facility, restaurants, hotel, motel, and childcare facility; wherein the incidence of infections is reduced by at least 20% over a twelve month period after one treatment of the inanimate surfaces of the structure, at least one object therein, or a combination f.
13. The method of claim 12, n the nce of infections is reduced by at least 30% over a twelve month period after one treatment of the ate surfaces of the structure, or at least one object therein, or a combination thereof.
14. The method of claim 12, wherein the step of treating inanimate surfaces of the structure, or at least one object therein, or a combination thereof, prevents and reduces the presence at least one ious agent selected from the group consisting of species of Acinetobacter, adenovirus, Bacillus, Burkholderia, Bordetella, Brucella, caliciviruses, herpes ing zoster (chickenpox), Clostridium, corona s including SARS, MERS, and PEDV, Enterococcus, Escherichia, Hemophilus, hepatitis viruses A and B, influenza and parainfluenza viruses, Klebsiella, Listeria, Legionella, measles virus, mumps virus, Mycobacterium, ria, rus, Pseudomonas, parvovirus, poliovirus, rhinovirus, respiratory syncyticia virus, rotavirus, rubella, Salmonella, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Vibrio, MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, VISA (vancomycin intermediate Staphylococcus aureus), MRE (multiply resistant enterococci), and VRE (vancomycin-resistant enterococci)). Well Shield LLC By the Attorneys for the Applicant SPRUSON & FERGUSON "0-- lrradiance, W.m-2.nm-1 —Undoped TIOZ —'TIOZ, low Zn — 'TIOZ, low Zn, Si02 “' TIOZ, high Zn, Si02 Wavelength, nm ————-————— W —+— No nanocoating Absorbance — - -Ti02, low Zn “5‘ - ~ - Ti02, low Zn, FIG. 2
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US201462015596P | 2014-06-23 | 2014-06-23 | |
| PCT/US2015/036877 WO2015200161A1 (en) | 2014-06-23 | 2015-06-22 | Reduction of infections in healthcare settings using photocatalytic compositions |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NZ728027A NZ728027A (en) | 2023-12-22 |
| NZ728027B2 true NZ728027B2 (en) | 2024-03-26 |
Family
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