NZ719723B2 - Soda-lime glass from 100% recycled glass-forming materials - Google Patents
Soda-lime glass from 100% recycled glass-forming materials Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NZ719723B2 NZ719723B2 NZ719723A NZ71972314A NZ719723B2 NZ 719723 B2 NZ719723 B2 NZ 719723B2 NZ 719723 A NZ719723 A NZ 719723A NZ 71972314 A NZ71972314 A NZ 71972314A NZ 719723 B2 NZ719723 B2 NZ 719723B2
- Authority
- NZ
- New Zealand
- Prior art keywords
- glass
- soda
- lime glass
- lime
- cullet
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000005361 soda-lime glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 116
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000007496 glass forming Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000006063 cullet Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 95
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000000996 additive Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium monoxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- -1 oxidizers Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000015450 Tilia cordata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002892 amber Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000006025 fining agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003712 decolorant Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003638 reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000005356 container glass Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005308 flint glass Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Inorganic materials [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011022 opal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium(III) oxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur trioxide Chemical compound O=S(=O)=O AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000006066 glass batch Substances 0.000 description 6
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N TiO Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000460 iron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L na2so4 Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052803 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N AI2O3 Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cobalt(II) oxide Chemical class [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LBFUKZWYPLNNJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cobalt(II,III) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O.O=[Co]O[Co]=O LBFUKZWYPLNNJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000156 glass melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006011 modification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006060 molten glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001929 titanium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- OFJATJUUUCAKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cerium(IV) oxide Chemical compound [O-2]=[Ce+4]=[O-2] OFJATJUUUCAKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001237160 Kallima inachus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000155258 Plebejus glandon Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006040 Prunus persica var persica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000006413 Prunus persica var. persica Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003667 anti-reflective Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Inorganic materials [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013405 beer Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- UOUJSJZBMCDAEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Cr+3].[Cr+3] UOUJSJZBMCDAEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000424 chromium(II) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007511 glassblowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron-sulfur Chemical compound [Fe]=S MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052683 pyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- IATRAKWUXMZMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[Sr+2] IATRAKWUXMZMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D1/00—Containers having bodies formed in one piece, e.g. by casting metallic material, by moulding plastics, by blowing vitreous material, by throwing ceramic material, by moulding pulped fibrous material, by deep-drawing operations performed on sheet material
- B65D1/02—Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents
- B65D1/0207—Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents characterised by material, e.g. composition, physical features
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D1/00—Containers having bodies formed in one piece, e.g. by casting metallic material, by moulding plastics, by blowing vitreous material, by throwing ceramic material, by moulding pulped fibrous material, by deep-drawing operations performed on sheet material
- B65D1/02—Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents
- B65D1/0223—Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents characterised by shape
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D1/00—Containers having bodies formed in one piece, e.g. by casting metallic material, by moulding plastics, by blowing vitreous material, by throwing ceramic material, by moulding pulped fibrous material, by deep-drawing operations performed on sheet material
- B65D1/02—Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents
- B65D1/0223—Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents characterised by shape
- B65D1/023—Neck construction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2565/00—Wrappers or flexible covers; Packaging materials of special type or form
- B65D2565/38—Packaging materials of special type or form
- B65D2565/381—Details of packaging materials of special type or form
- B65D2565/384—Details of packaging materials of special type or form made of recycled material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B25/00—Annealing glass products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B9/00—Blowing glass; Production of hollow glass articles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C1/00—Ingredients generally applicable to manufacture of glasses, glazes, or vitreous enamels
- C03C1/002—Use of waste materials, e.g. slags
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2204/00—Glasses, glazes or enamels with special properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/083—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound
- C03C3/085—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal
- C03C3/087—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal containing calcium oxide, e.g. common sheet or container glass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C4/00—Compositions for glass with special properties
- C03C4/02—Compositions for glass with special properties for coloured glass
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/80—Packaging reuse or recycling, e.g. of multilayer packaging
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
- Y10T428/131—Glass, ceramic, or sintered, fused, fired, or calcined metal oxide or metal carbide containing [e.g., porcelain, brick, cement, etc.]
Abstract
method (20) of making soda-lime glass using 100 wt.% cullet pre-sorted by colour as the glass forming materials is disclosed. Also disclosed is a soda-lime glass container (10) made according to this method.
Description
FOR
SODA-LIME GLASS FROM 100% RECYCLED GLASS-FORMING MATERIALS
The present disclosure relates to a process for making soda-lime glass. The
disclosed process uses recycled glass as the glass-forming materials. Soda-lime glass containers
made by the disclosed process are also described.
Background and Summary of the Disclosure
Soda-lime glass, also called soda-lime-silica glass, is prevalent in the manufacture
of glass containers and other articles. Such glass is comprised of three main oxide constituents:
silica (SiO ), soda (Na O), and lime (CaO) that are provided by the glass forming materials.
Other oxides may also be present in smaller amounts. These additional oxides may include one
or more of alumina (Al O ), magnesia (MgO), potash (K O), iron oxide (Fe O ), titanium oxide
2 3 2 2 3
(TiO ), sulfur trioxide (SO ), and oxides of selenium, cobalt, chromium, manganese, and lead. A
typical soda-lime glass composition may include, for example, about 60 wt.% to about 75 wt.%
silica, about 10 wt.% to about 18 wt.% soda, about 5 wt.% to about 15 wt.% lime, and optionally
about 0–2 wt.% alumina (Al O ), about 0–4 wt.% magnesia (MgO), about 0–1.5 wt.% potash
(K O), about 0–1wt. % iron oxide (Fe O ), about 0–0.5wt. % titanium oxide (TiO ), and about
2 2 3 2
0–0.5 wt.% sulfur trioxide (SO ).
Soda-lime glass may be made by melting a batch of primary or glass-forming
materials, and optional secondary or additive materials, and then cooling the resultant melt. The
glass-forming materials are the materials from which the soda-lime glass derives its main oxide
content—namely, the silica, soda, and lime content—and thus its amorphous physical state.
There are generally two types of glass-formers or glass-forming materials: (1) virgin raw
materials (sand, soda ash, and limestone), and (2) recycled glass or “cullet” as it is termed in the
industry. Traditionally, the batch of primary or glass-forming materials used to make soda-lime
glass could include some cullet—usually 10–40 wt.%, and up to 80 wt.%—with the rest being
virgin raw materials. The use of greater amounts of cullet and lesser amounts of virgin raw
materials has proven difficult to implement for many reasons, including limited color options,
unstable melt temperatures in the melt furnace, and difficulties in achieving a uniform mix of
cullet and virgin raw materials in the melt furnace.
If used, the secondary, additive materials provide the soda-lime glass with more
stable quality. For example, additive materials may enable better aesthetic properties, such as
color, and/or other physical qualities, such as seed (i.e., bubble) prevention and “redox” number
adjustment. They do not include main oxide constituent glass forming materials of the soda-lime
glass. Some notable secondary, additive materials include colorants, decolorants, fining agents,
oxidizers, and reducers. The colorants and decolorants can be used to provide the soda-lime
glass with a variety of colors including flint (colorless), amber, green, and blue. The fining
agents can be used to prevent the incorporation of bubbles in the soda-lime glass. These agents
work by removing insoluble gas bubbles—typically oxygen—from the soda-lime glass melt
before it cools and hardens. The oxidizers and reducers can be used to manage the “redox
number” of the soda-lime glass melt as desired.
The prior art has recognized that the use of cullet in place of traditional virgin raw
materials in a soda-lime glass batch has the potential to save energy and reduce carbon
emissions. In the article "Recycling of cullet and filter dust in the German glass industry,"
Glastech. Ber. Glass Sci. Technol. 69 (1996) No. 4, Schaeffer notes that cullet has become a
major raw material component in glass batches for green container glass. Schaeffer also notes,
however, that many challenges still exist in using cullet including the presence of impurities,
color assortment, SO release and foam formation, and the effects on glass melting.
Additionally, in the article "Glass Recycling, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, 1995,
Dalmijn et al. describe various processes for automatically sorting cullet both by color and to
remove foreign materials such as stones, metals, bottle caps, paper, and plastics. But neither
Schaeffer nor Dalmijn disclose or appreciate that cullet can be pre-sorted by color in a way that
permits the pre-sorted cullet to provide 100% of the glass-forming materials in a soda-lime glass
batch.
A general object of the present disclosure is to provide a process for making
soda-lime glass in which 100 wt.% of the glass-forming materials is cullet.
The present disclosure embodies a number of aspects that can be implemented
separately from or in combination with each other.
In accordance with a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a
process of making a soda-lime glass container, which process includes the steps of:
(a) preparing a soda-lime glass batch that includes cullet, the cullet being pre-
sorted by color to have 40–50 wt.% green glass, 40–50 wt.% flint glass, 5–15 wt.% amber glass,
0–2 wt.% blue glass and other colored glass, and less than 250 grams/ton of non-soda lime
container glass, and wherein the cullet constitutes 100 wt.% percent of the glass-forming
materials that are present in the soda-lime glass;
(b) melting the soda-lime glass batch into a soda-lime glass melt; and
(c) forming a soda-lime glass container from the soda-lime glass melt.
In accordance with a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a
glass container comprising:
a soda-lime glass wall that provides the container with a body, a
circumferentially-closed base at one end of the body, and a mouth at another end of the body
opposite the circumferentially-closed base, the soda-lime glass wall having a glass composition
that includes a main oxide content of about 60–75 wt.% SiO , about 10–18 wt.% Na O, and
about 5–15 wt.% CaO, and wherein the main oxide content of the glass composition of the soda-
lime glass wall is derived only from cullet, wherein the main oxide content of the glass
composition of the soda-lime glass wall is derived from pre-sorted cullet that comprises 40–50
wt.% green glass, 40–50 wt.% flint glass, 5–15 wt.% amber glass, 0–2 wt.% blue glass and other
colored glass, and less than 250 grams/ton of non-soda lime container glass.
In accordance with one aspect of the present disclosure, a glass food and beverage container is
constructed of 100 wt.% recycled content selected from the group consisting of post-industrial
cullet, post-consumer cullet, and a combination thereof.
A process for making a soda-lime glass container, in accordance with another
aspect of the present disclosure, includes the step of preparing a soda-lime glass batch that
includes cullet. The cullet is pre-sorted by color. The cullet, moreover, constitutes 100 weight
percent of the glass-forming materials that are present in the soda-lime glass batch. The process
for making the soda-lime glass container also includes the steps of melting the soda-lime glass
batch into a soda-lime glass melt, and forming a hollow glass container from the soda-lime glass
melt.
A process for making soda-lime glass, in accordance with yet another aspect of
the present disclosure, includes the step of preparing a soda-lime glass batch that includes cullet.
The cullet is pre-sorted by color. The cullet, moreover, constitutes 100 weight percent of the
glass-forming materials that are present in the soda-lime glass batch. The process for making the
soda-lime glass also includes the steps of melting the soda-lime glass batch into a soda-lime
glass melt, forming soda-lime glass from the soda-lime glass melt, annealing the soda-lime glass,
and cooling the soda-lime glass.
In accordance with still another aspect of the present disclosure, a glass container
includes a soda-lime glass wall that provides the container with a body, a
circumferentially-closed base at one end of the body, and a mouth at another end of the body
opposite the circumferentially-closed base. The soda-lime glass wall has a glass composition
that includes a main oxide content of about 60–75 wt. % SiO , about 10–18 wt. % Na O, and
about 5–15 wt. % CaO. This main oxide content of the soda-lime glass wall glass composition is
derived only from cullet.
Brief Description of the Drawings
The disclosure, together with additional objects, features, advantages and aspects
thereof, will best be understood from the following description, the appended claims and the
accompanying drawings, in which:
illustrates an illustrative embodiment of a glass container 10 that may be
produced in accordance with an illustrative embodiment of a presently disclosed manufacturing
process; and
is a flow diagram that illustrates an illustrative process for making the
glass container 10 shown in as well many other kinds of glass containers.
Detailed Description of Preferred Embodiments
illustrates an illustrative embodiment of a soda-lime glass container 10
(hereafter “glass container” or “container”) that may be produced by the process described
below. The glass container 10 includes a soda-lime glass wall 12 that has a glass composition.
The soda-lime glass wall 12 provides the container 10 with a longitudinal axis A, a base 10a at
one axial end of the container 10 that is closed in an axial direction, a body 10b extending in an
axial direction from the axially closed base 10a, and a mouth 10c at another axial end of the
container 10 opposite of the base 10a. Accordingly, the soda-lime glass container 10 is hollow.
In the illustrated embodiment, the soda-lime glass wall also provides the container 10 a neck 10d
that may extend axially from the body 10b, may be generally conical in shape, and may
terminate in the mouth 10c. The container 10, however, need not include the neck 10d. The
body 10b may terminate at the mouth 10c such as, for instance, in a soda-lime glass jar
embodiment. The body 10b may be of any suitable shape in cross-section transverse to the axis
A as long as the body 10b is circumferentially closed.
The glass container 10, and many others like it, may be formed from primary,
glass-forming materials, and optional secondary, additive materials, as indicated above. The
term “cullet” is used broadly in the present disclosure to mean previously-made glass as well as
any contaminants that may be present as a result of the prior use, storage, and/or processing of
the glass. For example, some contaminants that may be found include dirt, residual adhesive,
container content stains, etc. The glass-forming materials do not include any of the virgin raw
minerals that have conventionally been used to make soda-lime glass, such as sand, soda ash and
limestone. The use of 100 wt.% cullet as the glass-forming materials has several ecological
implications including lower energy consumption per manufactured container 10, a reduction in
raw mineral use as compared to previous glass forming methods, and a reduction in greenhouse
gas emissions per manufactured container 10. In the presently disclosed process, the glass-
forming materials used constitute 100 wt.% cullet. In other words, the primary, glass-forming
materials include cullet and substantially no virgin raw materials. As used herein, the
terminology “substantially no virgin raw materials” does not exclude accidental carryover of
some trace amounts of virgin raw materials or some de minimus use thereof to circumvent literal
infringement.
Referring now to the process 20 for making the glass container 10 may
include preparing a soda-lime glass batch (step 22), melting the soda-lime glass batch into a
soda-lime glass melt (step 24), and forming the glass wall 12 that defines the shape of container
from the soda-lime glass melt (step 26). This process 20 can be used to make the glass
container 10 in a wide variety of sizes and shapes. For example, the process can be used to make
beverage bottles—including beer and liquor bottles—as well as jars and other glass containers
that are designed to hold some content in their interiors.
The soda-lime glass batch may be prepared (step 22) by gathering the cullet
which provides the primary, glass-forming materials and, optionally, adding secondary, additive
materials to the glass batch. Most of the cullet may be provided in broken glass chunks, shards,
pieces, or the like, whose largest dimension may be approximately 70 mm to 90 mm in diameter,
with the majority of the cullet particle sizes ranging from 10 mm to 70 mm in diameter, whereas
virgin glass batch particles are typically less than 2 mm in diameter. To provide more thorough
distribution within the batch, the additive materials may be premixed with smaller grain size
cullet and then that mixture can be added to larger cullet upstream of the melt furnace. More
specifically, some portion of the cullet can be provided in a powdered or other small form, for
example, closer in particle size to the secondary additive materials.
The glass-forming materials are comprised of 100 wt.% cullet. The secondary,
additive materials may include colorants, decolorants, fining agents, oxidizers, reducers, or any
other additive that does not contribute to the main oxide content of the soda-lime glass. If
secondary, additive materials are used, the soda-lime glass batch may be comprised of at least 98
weight percent (wt.%)—preferably at least 99 wt.%—cullet with the remainder being the
secondary, additive materials. At least some of the additive materials may be recycled materials.
For example, at least some carbon content may be from recycled carbon. In another example,
sodium sulfate and/or selenium may be from materials recycled from filter dust from the glass
manufacturing facility, for example, from an electrostatic precipitator downstream of a dry
scrubber. In a further example, at least some iron or aluminum content may be from recycled
furnace slag. In such cases, the recycled content of the glass batch may exceed 99%.
The cullet may be post-consumer or post-industrial recycled glass. The term
“post-consumer” recycled glass includes glass from municipal or commercial recycling efforts
including, for example, glass from bottles, glassware, windows, and solar panels. The term
“post-industrial” recycled glass includes production glass such as internal waste glass from the
same glass-producing factory that is manufacturing the glass container 10, external waste glass
from another glass-producing factory, or glass from some other industrial setting. Most of the
cullet may be provided in broken glass chunks or shards whose largest dimension may be
approximately 70 mm to 90 mm in diameter. In a preferred embodiment, at least some of the
cullet is provided as a powder.
The cullet is preferably pre-sorted, based on color, so that a level of contaminants
does not exceed a certain amount. An embodiment of permissible pre-sorted cullet includes: 40–
50 wt.% green glass, 40–50 wt.% flint glass, 5–15 wt.% amber glass, 0–2 wt.% blue glass and
other colored glass, and less than 100 grams/ton of non-soda lime container glass. Additionally,
the pre-sorted cullet of this embodiment preferably includes less than 1000 grams/ton of organics
including soluble organics, like sugars, as well as visible free organics, like pieces of plastics.
More particularly, the pre-sorted cullet preferably includes less than 500 grams/ton of visible free
organics.
The color of glass cullet is generally a function of its redox number and the
presence and identity/amount of certain compounds (oxide) in the glass, as is well understood in
the art. The redox number of a particular glass is basically a measure of its oxidation/reduction
state when in melt form. One accepted technique for quantifying the redox number is described
in Simpson and Myers, “The Redox Number Concept and Its Use by the Glass Technologist,”
Glass Technology, Vol. 19, No. 4, Aug. 4, 1978, pages 82–85. In general, molten glass having a
redox number of zero and above is considered “oxidized,” and a molten glass having a negative
redox number is considered “reduced.” Table 1 below describes some examples of prevalent
glass colors that are routinely encountered in the glass manufacturing industry, including some
specific shades thereof.
TABLE 1
Color affecting Redox
Glass Color
Compound(s) Number
GREEN
Emerald Green Chromium oxide -10 to +1
Georgia Green Chromium oxide
Dead Leaf Green Chromium oxide
Champagne Green Chromium oxide
French Green Chromium oxide
Antique Green Chromium oxide
FLINT Iron oxide, Selenium +2 to +20
Iron, sulfur, excess
AMBER -40 to -20
carbon
BLUE & OTHERS
Arctic Blue Cobalt oxide +2 to +20
Cobalt Blue Cobalt oxide -20 to +10
The pre-sorted cullet provides the glass composition of the soda-lime glass wall
12 with its main oxide content of SiO , Na O, and CaO, and its amorphous physical properties.
The glass composition of the soda-lime glass wall 12 includes about 60–75 wt. % SiO , about
10–18 wt. % Na O, and about 5–15 wt. % CaO. Also included in the cullet may be a small
amount of other oxides or impurities, which are typical in the glass manufacturing industry, that
become incorporated into the glass composition of the manufactured soda-lime glass wall 12.
These materials may be present in the soda-lime glass wall 12 composition, via the cullet, in
amounts up to about 2.0 wt. %. Some common additional materials that may be present include
Al O , MgO, K O, Fe O , TiO , BaO, SrO, SO , and oxides of selenium, cobalt, chromium,
2 3 2 2 3 2 3
manganese, and lead. Other materials besides those just mentioned may also be present.
The secondary, additive materials, if used, are mixed with the glass-forming
materials to influence the aesthetic and other physical qualities of the soda-lime glass wall 12.
The term “physical qualities” as used here refers to qualities of the soda-lime glass wall 12 that
can be achieved without altering the main oxide content of its glass composition in a substantial
way. For example, certain secondary, additive materials can be added to the soda-lime glass
batch to affect the color and fining of the manufactured soda-lime glass wall 12 without
changing the main oxide content of its glass composition. The secondary, additive materials are
preferably provided in powder form to facilitate easy mixing with the cullet.
Colorants and decolorants are secondary, additive materials that will affect the
color of the soda-lime glass wall 12. Colorants are compounds that produce a color in the
soda-lime glass wall 12 other than flint, and decolorants are compounds that mask colors.
Examples of suitable colorants may include, for example, iron oxides (e.g., FeO and/or Fe O ),
chromium oxides (e.g., CrO or Cr O ), cobalt oxides (e.g., CoO or Co O ), nickel, copper,
2 3 2 3
selenium, manganese, titanium, and/or a combination of sulfur, iron, and carbon. Some of the
different colors that can be promoted by these colorants are listed above in Table 1. Examples of
suitable decolorants may include, for example, selenium, manganese, manganese dioxide, and
cerium oxide. Selenium and manganese can both be used at low concentrations to neutralize the
green tint often present in glass as a result of iron impurities. At higher concentrations, however,
selenium and manganese begin to promote a reddish-pink color (peach) and a purple color,
respectively.
Fining agents are secondary, additive materials that help prevent bubble or seed
formation in the soda-lime glass wall 12. One example of a fining agent includes the
combination of a metal sulfate, such as sodium sulfate (Na SO ), and carbon. When present in
the soda-lime glass melt, sodium sulfate and carbon react to produce sulfur dioxide (SO ) and
carbon dioxide (CO ). Both SO and CO are gasses that are insoluble in the glass melt. As
2 2 2
such, these gasses rise up through the molten soda-lime glass and encounter smaller insoluble
gas bubbles typically composed of oxygen (O ). The SO gas reacts with the O gas to form
2 2 2
sulfur trioxide (SO ), which is soluble in the soda-lime glass melt, while the CO gas picks up
the O gas and drags it to the surface of the glass melt where they are released.
Oxidizers and reducers are secondary, additive materials that would render the
redox number of the soda-lime glass melt more “oxidized” or “reduced,” respectively. These
additive materials can be included in the soda-lime glass batch to modify, if desired, the redox
number of the soda-lime glass melt that would result from the pre-sorting of the cullet. Some
examples of oxidizers include calcium sulfate (CaSO ), sodium nitrate (NaNO ), and potassium
nitrate (KNO ), while some examples of reducers include iron pyrite (FeS ) and graphite. Some
additive materials, moreover, can function as both a fining agent and an oxidizer/reducer. For
example, sodium sulfate and carbon, which in combination act as a fining agent, can also make
the redox number of the soda-lime glass melt more oxidized and more reduced, respectively.
The soda-lime glass batch may be melted (step 24) in one or more furnaces to
produce the soda-lime glass melt. The temperature of the furnace(s) is set to ensure proper
melting of the glass batch according to known practices. For example, to produce the soda-lime
glass melt, the glass batch may melted in the furnace(s) at a temperature about 50°C lower than
the temperature of a melt of a typical glass batch (with 30-40 wt.% cullet) which is usually
between about 1400°C and about 1500°C, at a typical residence time of about two to four hours.
After achieving its melt form, the soda-lime glass melt may flow from the furnace(s) into a
refiner, where it is conditioned, and then to one or more forehearths.
The soda-lime glass container 10 (step 26) may then be formed from the
soda-lime glass melt by a glass-blowing procedure. A feeder located at a downstream end of the
one or more forehearths, for example, may measure and deliver a gob of the soda-lime glass melt
to a glass-forming machine. The gob may then be formed into the soda-lime glass wall 12 at an
individual section machine by a press-and-blow process, a blow-and-blow process, or any other
suitable process. Once formed, the soda-lime glass wall 12 is initially cooled to preserve its
desired shape, and then annealed in one or more an annealing lehrs. The soda-lime glass wall 12
may be annealed at a hot-end portion of the annealing lehr(s) at a temperature between about
550°C and about 600°C for about 30 minutes to about 90 minutes, and then gradually cooled at a
cold-end portion to between about 65°C and about 130°C. Any of a variety of hot-end, cold-end,
antireflective, and/or glass strengthening coatings may be applied to the exterior of the soda-lime
glass wall 12 anytime after being formed.
EXAMPLE
A soda-lime glass batch was prepared that included 100 wt.% cullet as the glass-
forming materials. The cullet used was supplied as a mixture of several different types of glass.
Specifically, the supplied cullet included the following mixture: 40–48 wt.% green glass, 42–50
wt.% flint glass, 6–14 wt.% amber glass, and 0–2 wt.% blue glass. The supplied cullet also
included less than 250 g/ton of opal glass, less than 1000 g/ton of organics, less than 100 g/ton of
plastics, less than 25 g/ton of ceramics, less than 5 g/ton of magnetic metals, and less than 5
g/ton of non-magnetic metals.
There thus has been disclosed a process for making soda-lime glass that fully
achieves all of the objects and aims previously set forth. The disclosure has been presented in
conjunction with presently preferred embodiments, and alternatives and modifications have been
discussed. Other alternatives and modifications readily will suggest themselves to persons of
ordinary skill in the art in view of the foregoing description.
Claims (6)
- Claims A process of making a soda-lime glass container, which process includes the steps 5 (a) preparing a soda-lime glass batch that includes cullet, the cullet being pre- sorted by color to have 40–50 wt.% green glass, 40–50 wt.% flint glass, 5–15 wt.% amber glass, 0–2 wt.% blue glass and other colored glass, and less than 250 grams/ton of non-soda lime container glass, and wherein the cullet constitutes 100 wt.% percent of the glass-forming materials that are present in the soda-lime glass; 10 (b) melting the soda-lime glass batch into a soda-lime glass melt; and (c) forming a soda-lime glass container from the soda-lime glass melt.
- The process set forth in claim 1, wherein the cullet comprises post-consumer 15 recycled glass.
- The process set forth in claim 1, wherein the cullet comprises post-industrial recycled glass.
- The process set forth in claim 1, wherein soda-lime glass batch further includes secondary, additive materials. 5
- 5. The process set forth in claim 4, wherein the secondary, additive materials includes at least one of colorants, decolorants, fining agents, oxidizers, reducers, or a combination thereof. 10
- 6. The process set forth in claim 4, wherein the soda-lime glass batch includes at least 98 wt.% cullet and the remainder secondary, additive materials. 15 The process set forth in claim 6, wherein the soda-lime glass batch includes at least 99 wt.% cullet. A glass container produced by the method set forth in claim 1 that includes a 20 soda-lime glass wall that provides the container with a body, a circumferentially-closed base at one end of the body, and a mouth at another end of the body opposite the circumferentially- closed base. The process set forth in claim 1, which process further includes the steps of: (d) annealing the soda-lime glass at a temperature between 550°C and 600°C for 5 30 minutes to 90 minutes; and (e) cooling the soda-lime glass from the annealing temperature. The process set forth in claim 9, wherein the cullet is pre-sorted to have less than 10 250 grams/ton of opal glass. The process set forth in claim 9, wherein step (c) comprises forming a soda-lime glass wall into a hollow soda-lime glass container shape that includes a body, a 15 circumferentially-closed base at one end of the body, and a mouth at another end of the body opposite the circumferentially-closed base. A glass container comprising: 20 a soda-lime glass wall that provides the container with a body, a circumferentially-closed base at one end of the body, and a mouth at another end of the body opposite the circumferentially-closed base, the soda-lime glass wall having a glass composition that includes a main oxide content of 60–75 wt.% SiO , 10–18 wt.% Na O, and 5–15 wt.% CaO, and wherein the main oxide content of the glass composition of the soda-lime glass wall is derived only from cullet, wherein the main oxide content of the glass composition of the soda- lime glass wall is derived from pre-sorted cullet that comprises 40–50 wt.% green glass, 40–50 5 wt.% flint glass, 5–15 wt.% amber glass, 0–2 wt.% blue glass and other colored glass, and less than 250 grams/ton of non-soda lime container glass.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US14/089,066 US9475724B2 (en) | 2013-11-25 | 2013-11-25 | Soda-lime glass from 100% recycled glass-forming materials |
US14/089,066 | 2013-11-25 | ||
PCT/US2014/061345 WO2015076959A1 (en) | 2013-11-25 | 2014-10-20 | Soda-lime glass from 100% recycled glass-forming materials |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NZ719723A NZ719723A (en) | 2020-10-30 |
NZ719723B2 true NZ719723B2 (en) | 2021-02-02 |
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