NZ703894B2 - Substituted Aliphanes and Metallocenes Useful for Treating HCV Infections - Google Patents
Substituted Aliphanes and Metallocenes Useful for Treating HCV Infections Download PDFInfo
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- NZ703894B2 NZ703894B2 NZ703894A NZ70389412A NZ703894B2 NZ 703894 B2 NZ703894 B2 NZ 703894B2 NZ 703894 A NZ703894 A NZ 703894A NZ 70389412 A NZ70389412 A NZ 70389412A NZ 703894 B2 NZ703894 B2 NZ 703894B2
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- halogen
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- 239000012457 nonaqueous media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002674 ointment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002997 ophthalmic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007935 oral tablet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- UAUIUKWPKRJZJV-MDJGTQRPSA-N paritaprevir Chemical compound C1=NC(C)=CN=C1C(=O)N[C@@H]1C(=O)N2C[C@H](OC=3C4=CC=CC=C4C4=CC=CC=C4N=3)C[C@H]2C(=O)N[C@]2(C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C3CC3)C[C@@H]2\C=C/CCCCC1 UAUIUKWPKRJZJV-MDJGTQRPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003930 peginterferon alfa-2a Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000006340 pentafluoro ethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000825 pharmaceutical preparation Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004193 piperazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003386 piperidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000036470 plasma concentration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108091008117 polyclonal antibodies Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000010486 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RYXIBQLRUHDYEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;5-(cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-[(4-methoxycyclohexyl)-(4-methylcyclohexanecarbonyl)amino]thiophene-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [K+].C1CC(OC)CCC1N(C1=C(SC(=C1)C=1CCCCC=1)C([O-])=O)C(=O)C1CCC(C)CC1 RYXIBQLRUHDYEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N precursor Substances N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005205 prednisolone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004618 prednisone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002335 preservative Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002568 propynyl group Chemical group [*]C#CC([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000012268 protein inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940121649 protein inhibitors Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004309 pyranyl group Chemical group O1C(C=CC=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003226 pyrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- UBQKCCHYAOITMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridin-2-ol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=N1 UBQKCCHYAOITMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000719 pyrrolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002294 quinazolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(N=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 101710004466 rgy Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710030364 rgy1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710030359 rgy2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960004641 rituximab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002987 rna-interference Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003548 sec-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011649 selenium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017700 silymarin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960004245 silymarin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003003 spiro group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000130 stem cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000005346 substituted cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000475 sulfinyl group Chemical group [*:2]S([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229950006081 taribavirin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AGAMRMHTEMMIQU-ZLIFDBKOSA-N tert-butyl (2S,3aS,7aS)-2-[(2-amino-4-bromophenyl)carbamoyl]-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,7a-octahydroindole-1-carboxylate Chemical compound O=C([C@@H]1C[C@@H]2CCCC[C@@H]2N1C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)NC1=CC=C(Br)C=C1N AGAMRMHTEMMIQU-ZLIFDBKOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BHJUHARCQLERRN-ZLIFDBKOSA-N tert-butyl (2S,3aS,7aS)-2-[(2-amino-5-bromophenyl)carbamoyl]-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,7a-octahydroindole-1-carboxylate Chemical compound O=C([C@@H]1C[C@@H]2CCCC[C@@H]2N1C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)NC1=CC(Br)=CC=C1N BHJUHARCQLERRN-ZLIFDBKOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IRXHYHLMGVLMHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl N-[2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl]carbamate Chemical compound C1=C(NC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)C(NC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)=CC=C1B1OC(C)(C)C(C)(C)O1 IRXHYHLMGVLMHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHRNULOCNSKMGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran THF Chemical compound C1CCOC1.C1CCOC1 WHRNULOCNSKMGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003718 tetrahydrofuranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001412 tetrahydropyranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003831 tetrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- AYEKOFBPNLCAJY-UHFFFAOYSA-O thiamine pyrophosphate Chemical compound CC1=C(CCOP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O)SC=[N+]1CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N AYEKOFBPNLCAJY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 235000008170 thiamine pyrophosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004809 thin layer chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960004231 thymalfasin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000724 thymus hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000002689 toll-like receptors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108020000411 toll-like receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000000699 topical Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000035897 transcription Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960005294 triamcinolone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000004306 triazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052722 tritium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N tritium Chemical compound [3H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003744 tubulin modulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010087967 type I signal peptidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000001862 viral hepatitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003700 vitamin C derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003712 vitamin E derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000523 zalcitabine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N β-Carotene Chemical compound CC=1CCCC(C)(C)C=1\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The disclosure relates to substituted aliphanes and metallocenes, of the formula shown in the abstract figure useful as antiviral agents. Certain substituted aliphanes and metallocenes disclosed herein are potent and/ or selective inhibitors of viral replication, particularly Hepatitis C virus replication. Pharmaceutical compositions/ and combinations containing one or more substituted aliphanes and metallocenes and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier are also provided by this disclosure. Their use for treating viral infections, including Hepatitis C viral infections are provided by the disclosure. cation. Pharmaceutical compositions/ and combinations containing one or more substituted aliphanes and metallocenes and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier are also provided by this disclosure. Their use for treating viral infections, including Hepatitis C viral infections are provided by the disclosure.
Description
SUBSTITUTED ALIPHANES AND METALLOCENES USEFUL FOR TREATING HCV
INFECTIONS
PRIORITY INFORMATION
This application is a divisional application of New Zealand Application No. 617102,
filed 29 May 2012, and is related to International Patent Application No. ,
filed 29 May 2012 and claims priority from US ional Application Nos. 61/490,881 filed
27 May 2011, 61/504,905, filed 6 July 2011, and 61/567,216, filed 6 December 2011 each of
which are hereby orated by reference in their entirety.
FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
The present disclosure provides substituted aliphanes, cyclophanes,
phanes, heterophanes, hetero-heteraphanes and metallocenes, useful as antiviral agents.
Certain substituted aliphanes, hanes, heteraphanes, heterophanes, -heteraphanes
and metallocenes disclosed herein are potent and/or ive inhibitors of viral replication,
particularly Hepatitis C virus replication. ceutical compositions and combinations
containing one or more substituted aliphanes, cyclophanes, heteraphanes, heterophanes, heteroheteraphanes
and ocenes and a pharmaceutically acceptable r are also provided by
this sure. Methods for treating viral infections, including Hepatitis C viral infections are
provided by the disclosure.
BACKGROUND
An estimated 3% of the world’s tion is infected with the hepatitis C virus.
Of those exposed to HCV, 80% to 85% become chronically infected, at least 30% develop
cirrhosis of the liver and 1-4% develop hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is
one of the most prevalent causes of chronic liver disease in the United States, reportedly
accounting for about 15 percent of acute viral hepatitis, 60 to 70 percent of chronic hepatitis,
and up to 50 percent of cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease, and liver cancer. Chronic HCV
infection is the most common cause of liver transplantation in the U.S., Australia, and most of
Europe. Hepatitis C causes an estimated 10,000 to 12,000 deaths annually in the United States.
While the acute phase of HCV infection is usually ated with mild symptoms, some
evidence suggests that only about 15% to 20% of infected people will spontaneously clear
HCV.
HCV is an enveloped, single—stranded RNA virus that contains a positive—
stranded genome of about 9.6 kb. HCV is classified as a member of the virus genus of
the family Flaviviridae. At least 4 strains of HCV, GT—l — GT—4, have been characterized.
The HCV lifecycle includes entry into host cells; translation of the HCV
genome, polyprotein sing, and replicase complex assembly; RNA replication, and
virion assembly and release. Translation of the HCV RNA genome yields a more than 3000
amino acid long polyprotein that is processed by at least two cellular and two viral proteases.
The HCV polyprotein is:
NH2-C-E1-E2-p7-NSZ—NS3—NS4A—NS4B—N85A—NS5B—COOH.
The ar signal peptidase and signal e peptidase have been reported
to be responsible for cleavage of the N—terminal third of the polyprotein (C—El—E2—p7) from
the nonstructural proteins (NSZ—NS3—NS4A—NS4B—NS5A—NS5B). The NSZ—NS3 protease
es a first cis cleavage at the NSZ—NS3 site. The NS3—NS4A protease then mediates a
second cis—cleavage at the 4A junction. The NS3—NS4A complex then cleaves at
three downstream sites to separate the remaining nonstructural proteins. Accurate processing
of the polyprotein is asserted to be essential for forming an active HCV replicase x.
Once the polyprotein has been cleaved, the replicase complex comprising at
least the NS3—NS5B nonstructural proteins assembles. The replicase complex is cytoplasmic
and membrane—associated. Major enzymatic activities in the replicase complex e serine
protease activity and NTPase helicase ty in N83, and RNA—dependent RNA polymerase
activity of NS5B. In the RNA replication process, a complementary negative strand copy of
the genomic RNA is produced. The ve strand copy is used as a te to synthesize
additional positive strand c RNAs that may participate in translation, replication,
packaging, or any combination thereof to produce progeny virus. Assembly of a onal
ase complex has been described as a component of the HCV replication mechanism.
US Provisional Application No. 60/669,872 “Pharmaceutical Compositions and Methods of
Inhibiting HCV Replication” filed April 11, 2005, is hereby incorporated by reference in its
entirety for its disclosure related to ly of the replicase complex.
Current treatment of hepatitis C infection typically includes administration of
an interferon, such as pegylated interferon (IFN), in combination with ribavirin. The success
of current therapies as measured by ned virologic response (SVR) depends on the strain
of HCV with which the patient is infected and the patient’s adherence to the treatment
regimen. Only 50% of patients infected with HCV strain GT—l exhibit a sustained virological
response. Direct acting antiviral agents such as ACH—l625, evir, EMS—790052, and
EMS—650032 are in clinical pment for treatment of chronic HCV. Due to lack of
effective ies for treatment for certain HCV strains and the high mutation rate of HCV,
new therapies are needed. The present sure fulfills this need and provides additional
advantages, which are described herein.
SUMMARY
Substituted aliphanes, cyclophanes, heteraphanes, heterophanes, hetero—
heteraphanes and metallocenes of Formula I are provided . The compounds of Formula
I provided in this disclosure posses antiviral activity.
The disclosure provides compounds of Formula I that are potent and/ or
selective inhibitors of Hepatitis C virus replication. Without being bound to any particular
theory it is believed the present compounds are potent and selective inhibitors of HCV NSSa.
Pharmaceutical itions containing one or more compounds of a I, or a salt of
such compounds, and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers are also provided
herein. Pharmaceutical combinations containing one or more compounds of Formula I, or a
salt of such compounds, at least one additional active agent, and one or more
pharmaceutically acceptable carriers are also ed .
Also disclosed are methods of treating ts suffering from certain viral
infections, particularly HCV infections, by providing to such patients an amount of a
compound of Formula I effective to reduce signs or symptoms of the viral infection.
Methods of treatment include ing a compound of Formula I as a single active agent or
providing a compound of Formula I in combination with one or more other therapeutic active
agents.
In a first aspect the disclosure includes compounds of Formula I
D—M—D (Formula I)
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt f.
Within Formula I, the variables D and M carry the following definitions.
D is T—R— where M is covalently bound to R.
M is -P-A-P-.
P is —J—W— where J is covalently bound to R and W is covalently bound to A,
P is —J— where J is ntly bound to R and A.
J is independently chosen at each occurrence and is J where i is an integer
from 1 to 2.
T is independently chosen at each occurrence and is Tk where k is an integer
from 1 to 2; T1 is —Y—Z, where Y is covalently bound to R and Y is a bond, C1—C4alkylene
optionally substituted with oxo; and Z is a 5 or 6—membered heterocyclic group, each of
which T1 is substituted with (i) at least one substituent selected from —(C=O)OH, —
(C=O)NH2, —(C=O)H, alkoxy, C2—C4alkanoyl, C1—C4alkylester, C1—C4alkenylester,
mono— or di—Cl—C4alkylcarboxamide and (ii) optionally substituted with one or more
tuents independently chosen from halogen, hydroxyl, C1—C2alkyl, and C1—C2alkoxy; and
T2 is independently chosen at each occurrence from C2—C6alkanoyl, C1—C6alkylester, C1—
C6alkenylester, C1—C6alkylsulfonamide, C1—C6alkylsulfonyl, C2—C6alkanoyl substituted with
mono— or C6hydrocarbylcarbamate, C2—C6alkanoyl substituted with urea or mono— or di—
C1—C6alkylurea, and lkanoyl substituted with mono— or di—C1—C6alkylcarboxamide,
each of which T is optionally substituted with l or more substituents ndently chosen
from amino, cyano, hydroxyl, halogen, (C1—C4alkoxy)C0—C4alkyl, (mono— and di— C1—
C4alkylamino)C0—C4alkyl, C1—C6alkyl, (C1—C4thioalkyl)C0—C4alkyl, C3—C7cycloalkyl, phenyl,
C1—C4haloalkyl, and aloalkoxy;
R is independently chosen at each occurrence from
(a) 4— to 6—membered rings containing one or two nitrogen atoms with remaining ring
atoms being carbon, which R is saturated or contains 1 unsaturated bond and is optionally
bridged with an methylene or ethylene bridge, fused to a phenyl or 5— to 6—membered
heteroaryl ring; and
(b) 6— to 10—membered fused or spiro bicyclic ring systems containing one or two nitrogen
atoms with remaining ring atoms being carbon, which 6— to 10—membered bicyclic
ring is ted or contains 1 unsaturated bond; each R is optionally substituted with
one or more substituents ndently chosen from cyano, hydroxyl, halogen, C1—
Czalkyl, C1—C2alkoxy, C1—C2haloalkyl, C1—C2haloalkyl, C1—C2haloalkylene, and C1—
Czalkylsulfonyl.
J1 is phenyl or a 5— to 6—membered heteroaryl group ning 1 to 3
heteroatoms independently chosen from N, O, and S, where each J1 is optionally substituted
with one or more substituents independently chosen from amino, cyano, hydroxyl, halogen,
lkyl, C1—C4alkoxy, mono— and di— C1—C4alkylamino, C1—C2haloalkyl, and C1—
Cghaloalkoxy.
J is an 8— to 10—membered heteroaryl group ning 1 to 4 heteroatoms
independently chosen from N, O, and S, wherein J is optionally substituted with one or more
substituents independently chosen from amino, cyano, hydroxyl, halogen, C1—C4alkyl, C1—
C4alkoxy, mono— and di— C1—C4alkylamino, C1—C2haloalkyl, and C1—C2haloalkoxy.
W is independently chosen at each occurrence and is a phenyl, pyridyl or
alkynyl group, optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently chosen
from amino, cyano, hydroxyl, halogen, C1—C4alkyl, C1—C4alkoxy, mono— and di— C1—
C4alkylamino, C1—C2haloalkyl, and C1—C2haloalkoxy.
A is [j.k]—cyclophane, [j.k]—hetera—phane, [j.k]—hetero—phane, [j.k]—hetero—
hetera—phane, or [j.k]—aliphane; where j is an integer from 1 to 4, k is an integer from 0 to 4,
the difference between j and k is not more than 2, and each j and k linker optionally contains
a heteroatom ed from N, O, and S, and is optionally substituted with l oxo group, and
one or more substituents independently chosen from n, hydroxy, amino, C1—C2alkyl,
and C1—C2alkoxy; or
A is a [j.k.j’.k’]—cyclophane, where j, j’, k, and k’ are integers from 1 to 4, the
difference between j and k or k’ is not more than 2, the difference between j’ and k or k’ is
not more than 2, and each j, j’, k, and k’ linker ally contains a heteroatom selected from
N, O, and S, and is optionally tuted with l oxo group, and one or more substituents
ndently chosen from halogen, hydroxy, amino, C1—C2alkyl, and C1—C2alkoxy;
; or
©g ©‘i
('3 Q
A is a group of the formula 2—@ or i—@ wherein Q is a
neutral or cationic metal, each of which A is ally substituted with one or more
substituents independently chosen from halogen, C1—C2alkyl, and C1—C2alkoxy. In certain
ments Q is chosen from Fe, Co, Cr, Ni, V, Li, Rb, and K; or
A is a group of the formula £63: which A is optionally substituted
with one or more substituents ndently chosen from halogen, C1—C2alkyl, and C1—
Czalkoxy.
Pharmaceutical compositions and combinations containing a compound of
Formula I, together with a ceutically able r are provided by the disclosure.
The compositions and combinations provided by this disclosure may e a compound of
Formula I as the only active agent or may include one ore more additional active agents. In
certain embodiments the additional active agent is an NS3a protease inhibitor. This
disclosure also includes a method of treating hepatitis C infection in a patient, comprising
providing a therapeutically effective amount of one or more compounds of Formula I to the
t. The compound of Formula I may be provided as the only active agent or may be
provided together with one or more additional active agents such as an NS3a protease
inhibitor.
Certain compounds of a I disclosed herein exhibit good activity in an
HCV replication assay, such as the HCV replicon assay set forth in Example 9, which
follows. Preferred compounds of Formula I exhibit an EC50 of about 10 micromolar or less,
or more preferably an EC50 of about 1 micromolar or less; or still more preferably an EC50 of
about 100 nanomolar or less in an HCV replicon replication assay.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
CHEMICAL DESCRIPTION AND TERMINOLOGY
Prior to setting forth the invention in detail, it may be helpful to e
definitions of certain terms to be used in this sure. Compounds are described using
standard nomenclature. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used
herein have the same meaning as is commonly understood by one of skill in the art to which
this invention belongs. Unless clearly contraindicated by the context each compound name
includes the free acid or free base form of the compound as well as all pharmaceutically
able salts of the compound.
The term “compounds of a I” encompasses all compounds that satisfy
Formula I, including any enantiomers, racemates and stereoisomers, as well as all
ceutically acceptable salts of such compounds. The phrase “a compound of Formula
I” includes all subgeneric groups of a I, and also includes pharmaceutically acceptable
salts of a compound of Formula I, unless clearly contraindicated by the context in which this
phrase is used.
“Formula II” encompasses all compounds that y Formula II, including
any enantiomers, racemates and stereoisomers, as well as all pharmaceutically acceptable
salts of such compounds. The phrase “a compound of Formula II” includes all eric
groups of Formula II, and also includes pharmaceutically acceptable salts of a compound of
Formula II, unless clearly contraindicated by the context in which this phrase is used.
The terms “a” and “an” do not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather
denote the presence of at least one of the referenced item. The term “or” means “and/or”.
The nded transitional phrase “comprising” encompasses the intermediate transitional
phrase “consisting essentially of” and the close—ended phrase “consisting of.” Claims reciting
one of these three transitional phrases, or with an alternate transitional phrase such as
ining” or “including” can be written with any other transitional phrase unless clearly
precluded by the context or art. Recitation of ranges of values are merely intended to serve as
a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range,
unless otherwise indicated herein, and each separate value is incorporated into the
specification as if it were individually recited herein. The endpoints of all ranges are
included within the range and independently combinable. All methods described herein can
be performed in a suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly
contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such
as”), is intended merely to better illustrate the invention and does not pose a limitation on the
scope of the ion unless otherwise claimed. No language in the ication should be
construed as indicating any non—claimed element as essential to the practice of the invention
as used herein. Unless defined ise, technical and scientific terms used herein have the
same meaning as is commonly understood by one of skill in the art to which this invention
belongs.
An “active agent” means a compound ding a compound disclosed
herein), element, or mixture that when administered to a patient, alone or in combination with
another compound, element, or mixture, confers, directly or ctly, a physiological effect
on the patient. The indirect physiological effect may occur via a metabolite or other ct
mechanism.
A dash ("—") that is not between two letters or symbols is used to indicate a
point of attachment for a substituent. For example, —(C=O)NH2 is attached h carbon of
the keto (C20) group.
An “aliphane” as used herein is a group composed of one or two cycloalkyl
rings, with at least one aliphatic bridge between two non—adjacent ons of the single
cycloalkyl ring or between the two cycloalkyl rings. The aliphatic bridges contain between 1
and 4 carbon atoms. The aliphatic bridges are optionally substituted with an oxo group.
“Alkanoyl” is an alkyl group as defined herein, covalently bound to the group
it substitutes by a keto (—(C=O)—) bridge. Alkanoyl groups have the indicated number of
carbon atoms, with the carbon of the keto group being ed in the ed carbon
atoms. For example a Cgalkanoyl group is an acetyl group having the formula CH3(C=O)—.
“Alkyl” is a branched or straight chain saturated tic hydrocarbon group,
having the ied number of carbon atoms, generally from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms.
The term C1—C6alkyl as used herein indicates an alkyl group having from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6
carbon atoms. Other embodiments include alkyl groups having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, 1
to 4 carbon atoms or 1 or 2 carbon atoms, e.g. C1—Cgalkyl, C1—C4alkyl, and C1—C2alkyl. When
Co—Cn alkyl is used herein in conjunction with another group, for example, (C1—C4alkoxy)C0—
C4 alkyl, the indicated group, in this case alkoxy, is either directly bound by a single covalent
bond (Coalkyl), or attached by an alkyl chain having the specified number of carbon atoms, in
this case 1, 2, 3, or 4 carbon atoms. Examples of alkyl include, but are not limited to, ,
ethyl, n—propyl, isopropyl, n—butyl, 3—methylbutyl, t—butyl, n—pentyl, and sec—pentyl.
“Alkynyl” is a branched or straight chain aliphatic hydrocarbon group having
one or more triple carbon—carbon bonds that may occur at any stable point along the chain,
having the specified number of carbon atoms. Examples of alkynyl e, but are not
limited to, ethynyl and propynyl.
“Alkoxy” is an alkyl group as d above with the indicated number of
carbon atoms covalently bound to the group it substitutes by an oxygen bridge (—O—).
Examples of alkoxy include, but are not limited to, methoxy, ethoxy, n—propoxy, i—propoxy,
n—butoxy, 2—butoxy, t—butoxy, n—pentoxy, oxy, 3— pentoxy, isopentoxy, neopentoxy, n—
, 2—hexoxy, 3—hexoxy, and 3— methylpentoxy.
The term “alkylester” indicates an alkyl group as d herein covalently
bound to the group it substitutes by an ester linkage. The ester linkage may be in either
orientation, e. g., a group of the formula —O(C=O)alkyl or a group of the formula —
(C=O)Oalkyl.
sulfonyl” is a group of the formula —SOZalkyl, where the alkyl group
carries the definition set forth herein.
“Cycloalkyl” is a saturated hydrocarbon ring group, having the specified
number of carbon atoms. Monocyclic cycloalkyl groups typically have from 3 to about 8
carbon ring atoms or from 3 to 7 (3, 4, 5, 6, or 7) carbon ring atoms. lkyl substituents
may be pendant from a substituted nitrogen or carbon atom, or a substituted carbon atom that
may have two substituents may have a cycloalkyl group, which is attached as a spiro group.
Examples of lkyl groups include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, and cyclohexyl.
A “cyclophane” as used herein is a group composed of one or two aromatic
rings, usually benzene rings, with at least one aliphatic bridge between two non—adjacent
positions of the single aromatic ring or between the two aromatic rings. The aliphatic bridges
are in the meta or para or meta, para (meta on one ic ring and para on the other)
orientation and contain between 1 and 4 carbon atoms. The aliphatic bridges are ally
substituted with an oxo group.
“Haloalkyl” indicates both branched and straight—chain alkyl groups having
the specified number of carbon atoms, substituted with l or more halogen atoms, up to the
maximum allowable number of halogen atoms. es of haloalkyl include, but are not
limited to, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, 2—fluoroethyl, and penta—fluoroethyl.
“Haloalkoxy” indicates a haloalkyl group as defined herein attached through
an oxygen bridge (oxygen of an alcohol radical).
“Halo” or “halogen” indicates any of fluoro, chloro, bromo, and iodo.
“Heteroaryl” indicates a stable clic aromatic ring haVing the indicated
number of ring atoms which contains from 1 to 3, or in some embodiments from 1 to 2,
atoms chosen from N, O, and S, with ing ring atoms being carbon, or a stable
bicyclic or tricyclic system ning at least one 5— to ered aromatic ring which
contains from 1 to 3, or in some embodiments from 1 to 2, heteroatoms chosen from N, O,
and S, with remaining ring atoms being carbon. clic heteroaryl groups typically have
from 5 to 7 ring atoms. In some embodiments bicyclic heteroaryl groups are 9— to 10—
membered heteroaryl groups, that is, groups containing 9 or 10 ring atoms in which one 5— to
7—member ic ring is fused to a second aromatic or non—aromatic ring. When the total
number of S and O atoms in the heteroaryl group exceeds 1, these heteroatoms are not
nt to one another. It is preferred that the total number of S and O atoms in the
heteroaryl group is not more than 2. It is particularly preferred that the total number of S and
O atoms in the aromatic heterocycle is not more than 1. Examples of heteroaryl groups
e, but are not limited to, oxazolyl, pyranyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazolopyrimidinyl, pyrazolyl,
pyridizinyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrrolyl, quinolinyl, tetrazolyl, thiazolyl, thienylpyrazolyl,
thiophenyl, triazolyl, benzo[d]oxazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiazolyl, benzothiophenyl,
benzoxadiazolyl, dihydrobenzodioxynyl, furanyl, imidazolyl, indolyl, and isoxazolyl.
“Heteroaryloxy” is a heteroaryl group as bed bound to the group it substituted Via an
oxygen bridge.
A “hetera—phane” as used herein is a group composed of one or two aromatic
rings, usually benzene rings, with at least one aliphatic bridge between two non—adjacent
positions of the single aromatic ring or between the two aromatic rings that contains a
heteroatom. The aliphatic bridges are in the meta or para or meta, para (meta on one
aromatic ring and para on the other) orientation and contain between 1 and 4 atoms, at least
one of which is a heteroatom with the remaining atoms being carbon atoms. The aliphatic
bridges are optionally substituted with an oxo group.
A “hetero—phane” as used herein is a group composed of one or two aromatic
rings, wherein at least one aromatic ring is heteroaryl, with at least one aliphatic bridge
between two non—adjacent positions of the single aromatic ring or between the two ic
rings. The aliphatic bridges are in the meta or para or meta, para (meta on one aromatic ring
and para on the other) orientation and contain between 1 and 4 carbon atoms. The aliphatic
bridges are optionally substituted with an oxo group.
A “hetero—hetera—phane” as used herein is a group composed of one or two
aromatic rings, wherein at least one ic ring is heteroaryl, with at least one aliphatic
bridge between two non—adjacent positions of the single aromatic ring or n the two
aromatic rings that ns a hetero atom chosen from N, O, or S, and one aliphatic bridge
between two non—adjacent positions of the single ic ring or between the two ic
rings that does not contain a heteroatom. The tic bridges are in the meta or para or
meta, para (meta on one aromatic ring and para on the other) orientation and contain between
1 and 4 atoms, at least one of which is a heteroatom with the remaining atoms being carbon
atoms. The aliphatic bridges are optionally substituted with an oxo group.
“Hydrocarbyl” is a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic group containing the
indicated number of carbon atoms. “Hydrocarbyl may be used in ction with other
, such as carbamate, as in “mono— or di— hydrocarbylcarbamate.” Mono— or di—
hydrocarbylcarbamate include groups of the formula (alkyll)NH(C=O)O— and
(alkyll)N(alkylz)(C=O)O— as well as groups in which one or both of the alkyl groups are
replaced by an hydrocarbon group containing unsaturated carbon—carbon bonds.
A “metallocene” is a compound consisting of two 5— or 6—membered ic
carbocyclic groups bound to a metal center, where the metal is neutral or cationic. An
example of metallocene includes, but is not limited to, ferrocene.
The term “mono— and/ or ylamino” indicates secondary or tertiary alkyl
amino groups, wherein the alkyl groups are independently chosen alkyl groups, as defined
herein, haVing the indicated number of carbon atoms. The point of attachment of the
alkylamino group is on the nitrogen. Examples of mono— and di—alkylamino groups include
ethylamino, dimethylamino, and methyl—propyl—amino.
“Mono— and/or di—alkylcarbamate” includes lkylcarbamate groups of
formula (alkyll)O(C=O)NH— or a dialkylcarboxamide groups of the formula
(alkyll)O(C=O)N(alkylz)— in which the point of attachment of the mono— or
dialkylcarboxamide substituent to the molecule it substitutes is on the en of the
carbamate amino. The term “mono and/ or di—alkylcarbamate” also includes groups of the
formula (alkyll)NH(C=O)O— and (alkyll)N(alkylz)(C=O)O— in which the carbamate is
covalently bound to the group it substitutes by its non—keto oxygen atom. The groups alkyll
and alkylg are independently chosen alkyl groups, ng the alkyl definition set forth in
this sure and having the indicated number of carbon atoms.
“Mono— and/ or di—alkylcarboxamide” indicates a mono—alkylcarboxamide
group of formula (alkyll)—NH—(C=O)— or a dialkylcarboxamide group of the formula
(alkyll)(alky12)—N—(C=O)— in which the point of attachment of the mono— or
dialkylcarboxamide tuent to the molecule it substitutes is on the carbon of the carbonyl
group. The term “mono and/ or di—alkylcarboxamide” also includes groups of the formula
(alkyll)(C=O)NH— and (alkyll)(C=O) (alky12)N— in which the point of attachment is the
nitrogen atom. The groups alkyll and alkylg are independently chosen alkyl groups having the
indicated number of carbon atoms. Likewise “mono— and/or di—alkyl sulfonamide” is any of a
mono—alkylsulfonamide group of formula (alkyll)—NH—(SOZ)—, a mono—alkylsulfonamide
group of formula (alkyll)—(SOZ)—NH—, a dialkylsulfonamide group of the a
(alkyll)(alkylg)—N—(SOZ)—, and a group of the formula (alkyll)—(SOz)—(alkylg)N—.
“Thioalkyl” is an alkyl group as defined above with the indicated number of
carbon atoms covalent bound to the group it substitutes by an sulfur bridge (—S—).
The term “substituted”, as used herein, means that any one or more hydrogens
on the designated atom or group is ed with a selection from the indicated group,
provided that the designated atom's normal valence is not exceeded. When the substituent is
oxo (i.e., =0) then 2 hydrogens on the atom are replaced. When an oxo group substitutes
ic moieties, the ponding partially rated ring replaces the aromatic ring.
For example a pyridyl group substituted by oxo is a pyridone. Combinations of substituents
and/or les are permissible only if such combinations result in stable compounds or
useful tic intermediates. A stable compound or stable structure is meant to imply a
compound that is sufficiently robust to survive isolation from a reaction mixture, and
subsequent formulation into an ive therapeutic agent. Unless otherwise specified
substituents are named into the core structure. For example, it is to be understood that when
aminoalkyl is listed as a possible substituent the point of attachment of this substituent to the
core structure is in the alkyl portion.
Suitable groups that may be present on a “substituted” position include, but
are not limited to, e.g., halogen; cyano; hydroxyl; nitro; azido; alkanoyl (such as a C2—C6
alkanoyl group); carboxamide; alkyl groups (including lkyl groups) having 1 to about 8
carbon atoms, or 1 to about 6 carbon atoms; alkenyl and alkynyl groups including groups
having one or more unsaturated linkages and from 2 to about 8, or 2 to about 6 carbon atoms;
alkoxy groups having one or more oxygen linkages and from 1 to about 8, or from 1 to about
6 carbon atoms; aryloxy such as phenoxy; alkylthio groups including those having one or
more thioether linkages and from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, or from 1 to about 6 carbon
atoms; alkylsulfinyl groups ing those having one or more sulfinyl linkages and from 1
to about 8 carbon atoms, or from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms; alkylsulfonyl groups including
those having one or more sulfonyl linkages and from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, or from 1 to
about 6 carbon atoms; lkyl groups including groups having one or more N atoms and
from 1 to about 8, or from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms; aryl having 6 or more s and one
or more rings, (e.g., phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl, or the like, each ring either tuted or
unsubstituted aromatic); arylalkyl having 1 to 3 separate or fused rings and from 6 to about
18 ring carbon atoms, with benzyl being an exemplary arylalkyl group; arylalkoxy having 1
to 3 separate or fused rings and from 6 to about 18 ring carbon atoms, with benzyloxy being
an exemplary arylalkoxy group; or a saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic heterocyclic group
having 1 to 3 te or fused rings with 3 to about 8 members per ring and one or more N,
O or S atoms, e.g. coumarinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinazolinyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl,
pyrimidinyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl, thienyl, thiazolyl, triazinyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, imidazolyl,
indolyl, benzofuranyl, hiazolyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, piperidinyl,
morpholinyl, piperazinyl, and pyrrolidinyl. Such heterocyclic groups may be further
substituted, e.g. with hydroxy, alkyl, alkoxy, halogen and amino.
A “dosage form” means a unit of administration of an active agent. Examples
of dosage forms include tablets, capsules, injections, suspensions, s, emulsions, creams,
ointments, suppositories, inhalable forms, transdermal forms, and the like.
“Pharmaceutical itions” are compositions comprising at least one
active agent, such as a compound or salt of Formula I, and at least one other substance, such
as a carrier. Pharmaceutical compositions optional contain one or more additional ative
agents. When specified, pharmaceutical compositions meet the U.S. FDA’s GMP (good
manufacturing practice) standards for human or non—human drugs. “Pharmaceutical
combinations” are combinations of at least two active agents which may be combined in a
single dosage form or provided together in separate dosage forms with instructions that the
active agents are to be used together to treat a disorder, such as hepatitis C.
“Pharmaceutically acceptable salts” includes derivatives of the disclosed
compounds in which the parent compound is ed by making nic and c, non—
toxic, acid or base addition salts thereof. The salts of the t compounds can be
synthesized from a parent compound that contains a basic or acidic moiety by conventional
chemical methods. Generally, such salts can be prepared by reacting free acid forms of these
compounds with a stoichiometric amount of the appropriate base (such as Na, Ca, Mg, or K
hydroxide, carbonate, bicarbonate, or the like), or by reacting free base forms of these
compounds with a stoichiometric amount of the appropriate acid. Such reactions are typically
carried out in water or in an organic solvent, or in a e of the two. Generally, non—
aqueous media like ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol, or acetonitrile are preferred,
where practicable. Salts of the present compounds further include solvates of the compounds
and of the compound salts.
es of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to,
mineral or organic acid salts of basic residues such as amines; alkali or organic salts of acidic
residues such as carboxylic acids; and the like. The pharmaceutically acceptable salts e
the conventional non—toxic salts and the quaternary ammonium salts of the parent compound
formed, for example, from xic inorganic or organic acids. For example, conventional
non—toxic acid salts include those derived from inorganic acids such as hydrochloric,
romic, sulfuric, sulfamic, phosphoric, nitric and the like; and the salts ed from
organic acids such as acetic, propionic, ic, glycolic, stearic, lactic, malic, ic, citric,
ascorbic, pamoic, maleic, hydroxymaleic, phenylacetic, glutamic, benzoic, salicylic, mesylic,
esylic, c, ilic, 2—acetoxybenzoic, fumaric, esulfonic, esulfonic,
ethane disulfonic, oxalic, isethionic, HOOC—(CH2)n—COOH where n is 0—4, and the like. Lists
of additional suitable salts may be found, e.g., in ton '5 Pharmaceutical Sciences, 17th
ed., Mack Publishing Company, Easton, Pa., p. 1418 (1985).
The term “carrier” applied to pharmaceutical compositions/ combinations of
the invention refers to a diluent, excipient, or vehicle with which an active compound is
provided.
A “pharmaceutically acceptable excipient” means an excipient that is useful in
preparing a pharmaceutical composition/ combination that is generally safe, non—toxic and
neither biologically nor otherwise undesirable, and includes an excipient that is acceptable for
veterinary use as well as human ceutical use. A “pharmaceutically acceptable
excipient” as used in the present application includes both one and more than one such
excipient.
A “patient” is a human or non—human animal in need of medical treatment.
Medical ent can include treatment of an existing condition, such as a disease or
disorder, prophylactic or preventative treatment, or diagnostic treatment. In some
embodiments the patient is a human patient.
ding” means giving, administering, selling, distributing, transferring
(for profit or not), manufacturing, compounding, or dispensing.
“Providing a compound of Formula I with at least one additional active agent”
means the compound of Formula I and the additional active agent(s) are provided
simultaneously in a single dosage form, provided concomitantly in separate dosage forms, or
ed in separate dosage forms for administration separated by some amount of time that
is within the time in which both the compound of Formula I and the at least one additional
active agent are within the blood stream of a patient. In certain embodiments the nd
of Formula I and the additional active agent need not be prescribed for a t by the same
medical care worker. In certain embodiments the additional active agent or agents need not
require a prescription. stration of the compound of Formula I or the at least one
additional active agent can occur via any appropriate route, for example, oral tablets, oral
capsules, oral liquids, tion, injection, suppositories or topical t.
“Treatment,” as used herein es providing a compound of Formula I,
either as the only active agent or together with at least one additional active agent sufficient
to: (a) prevent a disease or a symptom of a disease from occurring in a patient who may be
predisposed to the e but has not yet been diagnosed as having it (e.g. including diseases
that may be associated with or caused by a primary disease (as in liver fibrosis that can result
in the context of chronic HCV infection); (b) inhibiting the disease, i.e. arresting its
development; and (c) relieving the disease, i.e., causing regression of the disease. ing”
and “treatment” also means providing a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of
Formula I, as the only active agent or together with at least one additional active agent to a
patient having or susceptible to a hepatitis C infection.
A “therapeutically effective amount” of a pharmaceutical composition/
combination of this ion means an amount effective, when administered to a t, to
provide a therapeutic benefit such as an amelioration of symptoms, e.g., an amount effective
to decrease the symptoms of a hepatitis C infection. For example a patient infected with a
hepatitis C virus may present elevated levels of certain liver enzymes, including AST and
ALT. Normal levels of AST are from 5 to 40 units per liter of serum (the liquid part of the
blood) and normal levels of ALT are from 7 to 56 units per liter of serum. A therapeutically
effect amount is thus an amount ient to e a significant reduction in ed AST
and ALT levels or an amount sufficient to provide a return of AST and ALT levels to the
normal range. A therapeutically effective amount is also an amount sufficient to prevent a
significant increase or significantly reduce the detectable level of virus or viral antibodies in
the patient’s blood, serum, or tissues. One method of determining treatment efficacy includes
measuring HCV RNA levels by a conventional method for ining viral RNA levels
such as the Roche TaqMan assay. In certain preferred embodiments treatment reduces HCV
RNA levels below the limit of quantitation (30 IU/mL, as measured by the Roche TaqMan(R)
assay) or more preferably below the limit of detection (10 IU/mL, Roche TaqMan).
A significant increase or ion in the detectable level of virus or viral
antibodies is any detectable change that is statistically significant in a standard parametric test
of statistical significance such as Student’s T—test, where p < 0.05.
CHEMICAL DESCRIPTION
Formula I and a II (shown below) include all subformulae thereof. In
certain situations, the compounds of a I or Formula II may contain one or more
asymmetric elements such as stereogenic centers, stereogenic axes and the like, e.g.
asymmetric carbon atoms, so that the compounds can exist in ent stereoisomeric forms.
These compounds can be, for example, racemates or optically active forms. For compounds
with two or more asymmetric elements, these compounds can additionally be mixtures of
diastereomers. For compounds having asymmetric centers, it should be understood that all of
the l s and mixtures thereof are encompassed. In addition, compounds with
carbon—carbon double bonds may occur in Z— and s, with all isomeric forms of the
compounds being included in the present invention. In these situations, single enantiomers,
i.e., optically active forms, can be obtained by asymmetric synthesis, synthesis from optically
pure precursors, or by resolution of the racemates. Resolution of the racemates can also be
lished, for example, by conventional methods such as crystallization in the presence
of a ing agent, or chromatography, using, for example using a chiral HPLC column.
Where a compound exists in s tautomeric forms, the invention is not
limited to any one of the specific tautomers, but rather includes all tautomeric forms.
The t invention is ed to include all isotopes of atoms occurring in
the present compounds. Isotopes include those atoms having the same atomic number but
different mass numbers. By way of general example, and without limitation, isotopes of
hydrogen include tritium and deuterium and isotopes of carbon include 11C, 13C, and 14C.
Certain compounds are described herein using a l formula that includes
les, e.g. D, M, A, P, J, and W. Unless otherwise specified, each variable within such a
formula is defined independently of other variables. Thus, if a group is said to be tuted,
e. g. with 0—2 R*, then the group may be substituted with up to two R”< groups and R”< at each
occurrence is selected independently from the definition of R*. Also, combinations of
substituents and/or variables are permissible only if such combinations result in stable
compounds.
In addition the compounds and salts of Formula I discussed in the
SUMMARY section, the disclosure includes compounds and salt of Formula I, and
ceutical itions/ combinations of such compounds in which the variables meet
any of the following conditions.
(i) D—M—D is any of
T—R—Jl—W—A—W—Jl—R—T;
T—R—Jl—A—Jl—R—T;
T—R—Jz—A—Jz—R—T;
T—R—Jl—W—A—Jl—R—T;
T—R—Jl—W—A—JZ—R—T; and
T—R—Jl—A—Jz—R—T.
(ii) A is
(iii) A is
(iv) A is ‘§§
(v) A is
(Vi) Ais
00E/
(Vii) Ais
(Viii) Ais
(iX) Ais
(X) Ais§
(Xi) Ais
(Xii) Ais
(xiii) A is
(xiV) A is '3‘@7
(xv) At least one P is J1—W; and W is phenyl, optionally substituted with one
or more substituents independently chosen from halogen, C1—C2alkyl, and C1—C2alkoxy.
(xvi) P is J—W or J, wherein at least one J is J1 and J1 is
(xvii) At least one P is J1 and J1 is “N02-
2 2
(xviii) At least one P is J and J is a benzimidazole group, optionally
substituted with one or more substituents ndently chosen from halogen, C1—C2alkyl,
and lkoxy.
(xix) R is independently chosen from
:1 4} Q} o 2' 9‘
fiz— 5‘2— <L“>2— §2— 62-
v'm 3:3‘ ’ .'
[N152 EN)? $0” 2' ‘2‘
each of which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently chosen
from halogen, C1—C4alkyl, and C1—C4alkoxy.
(xx) R is independently chosen from
£1154 <<Nis~i Q15;
(XXi) T is independently chosen C2—C6alkanoyl tuted with mono— and di—
C1—C6alkylcarbamate, each of which T is optionally substituted with (C1—C4thioalkyl)C0—
C4alkyl.
(XXii) Also included are compounds and salts of the formula T—R—Jz—A—Jz—R—T.
A, in the formula T—R—Jz—A—Jz—R—T, is a group of the a
J is an 8— to 10—membered heteroaryl group containing lor 2 heteroatoms
ndently chosen from N, O, and S, wherein J is optionally substituted with one or more
substituents independently chosen from amino, cyano, hydroxyl, halogen, C1—C4alkyl, C1—
C4alkoxy, mono— and di— C1—C4alkylamino, C1—C2haloalkyl, and C1—C2haloalkoxy.
Each R is an ndently chosen 8— to bered bicyclic ring systems
containing one or two nitrogen atoms with remaining ring atoms being carbon, which 8— to
—membered bicyclic ring is saturated or contains 1 unsaturated bond; and R is optionally
tuted with one or more substituents independently chosen from cyano, hydroxyl,
halogen, C1—C2alkyl, C1—C2alkoxy, C1—C2haloalkyl, C1—C2haloalkyl, C1—C2haloalkylene, and
C1—C2alkylsulfonyl.
T2 is independently chosen at each occurrence from C2—C6alkanoyl, C1—
C6alkylester, C1—C6alkenylester, C1—C6alkylsulfonamide, C1—C6alkylsulfonyl, C2—C6alkanoyl
tuted with mono— or C6hydrocarbylcarbamate, C2—C6alkanoyl substituted with
urea or mono— or di— C1—C6alkylurea, and C2—C6alkanoyl substituted with mono— or di—C1—
C6alkylcarboxamide, each of which T2 is optionally substituted with 1 or more substituents
independently chosen from amino, cyano, hydroxyl, halogen, (C1—C4alkoxy)C0—C4alkyl,
(mono— and di— C1—C4alkylamino)C0—C4alkyl, C1—C6alkyl, (C1—C4thioalkyl)C0—C4alkyl, C3—
C7cycloalkyl, , C1—C2haloalkyl, and C1—C2haloalkoxy.
In certain embodiments of XXii, it is preferred that —J2—R— is a group of the
formula
2,11%
or more particularly112%
—J2—R— may be unsubstituted or tuted with one or more substituents
independently chosen from amino, cyano, hydroxyl, halogen, C1—C4alkyl, C1—C4alkoxy,
mono— and di— C1—C4alkylamino, C1—C2haloalkyl, and C1—C2haloalkoxy.
In certain embodiments of XXii, it is also red that T2 is C2—C6alkanoyl
substituted with mono— or di—C1—C6hydrocarbylcarbamate, which T2 is optionally substituted
with 1 or more substituents independently chosen from amino, cyano, hydroxyl, halogen, (C1—
C4alkoxy)C0—C4alkyl, (mono— and di— C1—C4alkylamino)C0—C4alkyl, C1—C6alkyl, (C1—
C4thioalkyl)C0—C4alkyl, C3—C7cycloalkyl, phenyl, C1—C2haloalkyl, and C1—C2haloalkoxy.
Any of the ing ions for compounds of Formula I may be used
together to define a subgeneric a of Formula I so long as a stable compound results.
All such subgeneric formulas are included in this disclosure.
In addition the compounds and salts of Formula I discussed in the
SUMMARY section, the disclosure includes compositions and combinations of a I
and Formula II, n Formula II is:
a II
Within Formula II the variables Rl’, RZ’, R3’, R4’, R6’, R7’, Rg’, R16, and T’
carry the tions set forth below.
R1, and R2, are joined to form a 5— to 7— membered heterocycloalkyl ring
containing 1 or 2 heteroatoms independently chosen from N, O, and S which ring is
optionally fused to a phenyl or 5— or 6— membered heteroaryl to form a bicyclic ring system,
each of which 5— to 7— membered heterocycloalkyl ring or bicyclic ring system is optionally
substituted.
For the variables R3’ — Rg’ one of the following conditions is met.
R3,, R4,, R5,, and R6, are independently hydrogen, C1—C4alkyl, or (C3—C7cycloalkyl)C0—
C4alkyl; and R7, and R8, are joined to form an optionally substituted 3— to 7— membered
cycloalkyl ring.
R3,, R4,, and R6, are independently hydrogen, lkyl, or (C3—
C7cycloalkyl)C0—C4alkyl; and R8’ is hydrogen or C1—C4alkyl; and R5, is joined to R7, by a C6—
C10 saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon chain.
R3,, R4,, and R6, are independently hydrogen, C1—C4alkyl, or (C3—
C7cycloalkyl)C0—C4alkyl; and R7, and R8, are joined to form an ally substituted 3— to 7—
membered cycloalkyl ring; and R5, is joined to the 3— to 7— membered optionally substituted
cycloalkyl ring formed by R7 and R8 by a C6—C10 saturated, partially unsaturated or
unsaturated hydrocarbon chain.
T, is a group of the formula:
[2%,
R9 is hydroxyl, amino, —COOH, —NR10R11, —OR12, —SR12, —NR10(S=O)R11, or
—NR10802R11. R10, R11, and R12 are independently at each occurrence hydrogen, or C1—
C6alkyl, C2—C6alkenyl, (aryl)C0—C2alkyl, (C3—C7cycloalkyl)C0—C2alkyl, (heterocycloalkyl)C0—
Cgalkyl, or (5— to bered heteroaryl)C0—C2alkyl, each of which is optionally substituted
with 1 to 3 substituents independently chosen from n, hydroxyl, oxo, C1—C2alkyl, C1—
Czalkoxy, trifluoromethyl, and trifluoromethoxy:
Z’ is
Where X1, X2, X3, X4, and X5 are ndently N or CH and no more than two of X1—
X5 are N.
R21 represents from 0 to 3 groups independently chosen from halogen,
hydroxyl, amino, cyano, —CONH2, —COOH, C1—C4alkyl, C2—C4alkanoyl, lkoxy, C1—
C4alkylthio, mono— and di—Cl—C4alkylamino, C1—C2haloalkyl, and C1—C2haloalkoxy.
R22 is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, amino, cyano, —CONH2, —COOH, C1—
C4alkyl, lkanoyl, C1—C4alkoxy, C1—C4alkylthio, mono— and di—C1—C4alkylamino, C1—
C4alkylester, C1—C2haloalkyl, and C1—C2haloalkoxy; or R22 is (C3—C7cycloalkyl)C0—C2alkyl,
(phenyl)C0—C2alkyl, l)C0—C2alkoxy, (5— or 6—membered heteroaryl)C0—C2alkyl, (5— or 6—
membered heteroaryl)C0—C2alkoxy, naphthyl, indanyl, (5— or 6—membered
heterocycloalkyl)C0—C2alkyl, or 9— or 10 membered bicyclic heteroaryl, each of which is
substituted with 0, l, or 2 substituents independently chosen from
(i) halogen, hydroxyl, amino, cyano, nitro, —COOH, —CONH2, CH3(C=O)NH—, C1—
C4alkyl, C1—C4alkoxy, C1—C4hydroxyalkyl, mono— and di—C1—C4alkylamino, -NR8802R11,
—C(O)OR11, —NR8COR11, —NR8C(O)OR11, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, and
(ii) phenyl and 5— or 6—membered heteroaryl, each of which is substituted with 0 or 1
or more of halogen, hydroxyl, C1—C4alkyl, and C1—C2alkoxy; wherein R8 is is hydrogen, C1—
C4alkyl, or C3C6cycloalkyl, and R11 is as defined above.
R16 ents 0 to 4 substituents is independently chosen at from halogen, C1—
Czalkyl, and C1—C2alkoxy.
Any of the preceding conditions for compounds of Formula I may be used
together to define a eric formula of Formula I so long as a stable compound results and
all such subgeneric formulas are included in this disclosure.
This disclosure also es pharmaceutical compositions and combinations
comprising a compound of a I and a compound of Formula II. As well as methods of
treatment comprising administering such compositions/ combinations to a patient ed
with hepatitis C.
For example the disclosure es compositions and combinations in which
the compound of Formula II is
/OCI N O\/
CNNHN_ O
This disclosure also includes pharmaceutical compositions and combinations
comprising a compound of Formula I and a compound of Formula 11. As well as methods of
treatment comprising administering such compositions/ combinations to a patient ed
with hepatitis C.
For example the disclosure includes compositions and combinations in which
the compound of Formula II is
NS3a protease inhibitors of Formula II, useful in the pharmaceutical
compositions and combinations described here have been disclosed previously. US Pat. No.
7,906,619, issued March 15, 2011, is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety for its
teachings regarding 4—amino—4—oxobutanoyl peptides. The ‘619 patent is particularly
incorporated by nce at the Examples section beginning in column 50 and extending to
column 85 which discloses nds useful in compositions/ combination with Compounds
of a I described here.
Published US Pat. Appl. No. 2010-0216725, published August 26, 2010, is
hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety for its teachings ing o—4—
oxobutanoyl peptides. The ‘725 application is particularly incorporated by reference at the
es section beginning at page 22 and extending to page 100 which discloses
compounds useful in compositions/ combination with Compounds of Formula I described
here.
Published US Pat. Appl. No. 2010-0152103, published June 17, 2010, is
hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety for its teachings regarding 4—amino—4—
oxobutanoyl peptide cyclic analogues. The ‘103 application is particularly incorporated by
reference at the Examples section beginning at page 19 and extending to page 60 which
discloses compounds useful in itions/ combination with Compounds of Formula I
described here.
PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS
Compounds sed herein can be administered as the neat chemical, but are
preferably administered as a pharmaceutical composition. Accordingly, the disclosure
provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound or pharmaceutically
able salt of Formula I, together with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
The pharmaceutical composition/ ation may contain a compound or salt of Formula I
as the only active agent, but is preferably contains at least one additional active agent. In
certain ments it is preferred that the onal active agent is an NS3a protease
inhibitor, such as a compound of salt of Formula II. In certain embodiments the
pharmaceutical composition is in a dosage form that contains from about 0.1 mg to about
2000 mg, from about 10 mg to about 1000 mg, from about 100 mg to about 800 mg, or from
about 200 mg to about 600 mg of a compound of Formula I and optionally from about 0.1 mg
to about 2000 mg, from about 10 mg to about 1000 mg, from about 100 mg to about 800 mg,
or from about 200 mg to about 600 mg of an additional active agent in a unit dosage form.
The pharmaceutical composition may also include a molar ratio of a compound of Formula I
and an onal active agent. For example the pharmaceutical composition may contain a
molar ratio of about 0.5 :1, about 1:1, about 2:1, about 3:1 or from about 1.5 :1 to about 4:1 of
an NS3a protease inhibitor of Formula II to NSSa inhibitor of Formula I.
Compounds disclosed herein may be stered orally, topically,
parenterally, by tion or spray, sublingually, ermally, via buccal stration,
rectally, as an ophthalmic on, or by other means, in dosage unit formulations containing
conventional pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. The pharmaceutical composition may be
formulated as any pharmaceutically useful form, e.g., as an aerosol, a cream, a gel, a pill, a
capsule, a tablet, a syrup, a transdermal patch, or an ophthalmic solution. Some dosage
forms, such as tablets and capsules, are subdivided into suitably sized unit doses containing
appropriate quantities of the active components, e.g., an effective amount to achieve the
d purpose.
Carriers include excipients and diluents and must be of iently high purity
and sufficiently low toxicity to render them suitable for administration to the patient being
treated. The carrier can be inert or it can possess pharmaceutical ts of its own. The
amount of carrier employed in ction with the compound is sufficient to provide a
practical quantity of material for administration per unit dose of the compound.
Classes of carriers include, but are not limited to binders, buffering agents,
coloring agents, diluents, disintegrants, fiers, flavorants, glidents, lubricants,
preservatives, stabilizers, surfactants, tableting agents, and wetting agents. Some rs
may be listed in more than one class, for e ble oil may be used as a lubricant in
some ations and a diluent in others. Exemplary pharmaceutically able carriers
include sugars, starches, celluloses, powdered anth, malt, gelatin; talc, and vegetable
oils. Optional active agents may be included in a pharmaceutical composition, which do not
substantially interfere with the activity of the compound of the present invention.
The pharmaceutical compositions/ combinations can be formulated for oral
administration. These compositions contain between 0.1 and 99 weight % (wt.%) of a
compound of Formula I and usually at least about 5 wt.% of a compound of Formula. Some
embodiments contain from about 25 wt.% to about 50 wt. % or from about 5 wt.% to about
75 wt.% of the compound of Formula.
METHODS OF TREATMENT
The pharmaceutical compositions/ combinations disclosed herein are useful
for treating hepatitis C infections in patients.
This disclosure provides methods of treating viral ions, including
hepatitis C infections, by providing an effective amount of a compound or pharmaceutically
able salt of Formula I to patient infected with a hepatitis C virus. A nd or salt
of Formula I may be provided as the only active agent or may be provided together with one
or more additional active agents. In certain embodiments the compound or salt of a I
is administered together with a compound or salt of Formula II or other NS3a protease
inhibitor. In certain embodiment the pharmaceutical composition contains a compound of
Formula I together with an NSSb inhibitor, and optionally an additional active agent.
An effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition/ combination of the
invention may be an amount sufficient to (a) t the progression of hepatitis C; (b) cause a
regression of the hepatitis C infection; or (c) cause a cure of a hepatitis C infection such that
HCV virus or HCV dies can no longer be detected in a previously infected patient’s
blood or plasma. An amount of a pharmaceutical composition/ ation effective to
inhibit the ss or cause a regression of hepatitis C includes an amount effective to stop
the worsening of symptoms of hepatitis C or reduce the ms experienced by a patient
infected with the hepatitis C virus. Alternatively a halt in progression or regression of
hepatitis C may be indicated by any of several markers for the e. For example, a lack
of se or reduction in the hepatitis C viral load or a lack of increase or reduction in the
number of circulating HCV antibodies in a patient’s blood are markers of a halt in
progression or regression of hepatitis C infection. Other hepatitis C e markers include
aminotransferase levels, particularly levels of the liver enzymes AST and ALT. Normal
levels of AST are from 5 to 40 units per liter of serum (the liquid part of the blood) and
normal levels of ALT are from 7 to 56 units per liter of serum. These levels will typically be
elevated in a HCV infected patient. Disease regression is usually marked by the return of
AST and ALT levels to the normal range.
Symptoms of tis C that may be affected by an effective amount of a
pharmaceutical composition/ combination of the invention include decreased liver function,
fatigue, flu—like symptoms: fever, chills, muscle aches, joint pain, and headaches, ,
aversion to certain foods, unexplained weight loss, psychological disorders including
depression, tenderness in the abdomen, and jaundice.
“Liver function” refers to a normal function of the liver, including, but not
limited to, a synthetic function ing synthesis of proteins such as serum proteins (e.g.,
albumin, clotting factors, alkaline phosphatase, aminotransferases (e.g., alanine transaminase,
ate transaminase), 5'—nucleosidase, y glutaminyltranspeptidase, etc.), synthesis of
bilirubin, synthesis of cholesterol, and synthesis of bile acids; a liver metabolic on,
including carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid and ammonia metabolism, hormone
metabolism, and lipid metabolism; detoxification of exogenous drugs; and a hemodynamic
function, including hnic and portal hemodynamics.
An effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition/ combination described
herein will also provide a sufficient concentration of the active agents in the concentration
when administered to a patient. A sufficient concentration of an active agent is a
concentration of the agent in the patient’ s body necessary to prevent or combat the infection.
Such an amount may be ascertained experimentally, for example by assaying blood
concentration of the agent, or theoretically, by ating bioavailability. The amount of an
active agent sufficient to inhibit viral infection in vitro may be determined with a
conventional assay for viral infectivity such as a replicon based assay, which has been
described in the literature.
Pharmaceutical compositions/ combinations and methods of treatment in
which a compound or salt of Formula I is provided er with one or more additional
active agents are included herein. In preferred ments a compound of Formula I is
provided together with an NS3a protease tor, either in a single pharmaceutical
composition or a in separate dosage forms with instructions to the patient to use the
compound of Formula I and additional active agent together. Compounds of Formula II and
compounds disclosed in US Pat. No. 7,906,619, US Pat. Appl. No. 2010—0216725, and US
Pat. Appl. No. 2010—0152103, most of which are within the scope of Formula II, are suitable
NS3a protease inhibitors for use in combination with compounds and salts of Formula I. In
certain embodiments the active agent (or agents) is an HCV protease inhibitor or HCV
polymerase tor. For example the protease inhibitor may be telaprevir (VX—950) and the
polymerase inhibitor may be valopicitabine, or NM 107, the active agent which
valopicitabine is converted into in vivo. In n embodiments the at least one additional
active agent is rin, interferon, or Peg—interferon alpha conjugate. In n
embodiments the at least one additional active agent is ACH—1625 or 84.
According to the methods of the invention, the compound or ceutically
acceptable salt of Formula I and at least one additional active agent may be: (1) co—
formulated and administered or delivered simultaneously in a combined formulation; (2)
delivered by alternation or in parallel as separate formulations; or (3) by any other
combination therapy n known in the art. When delivered in alternation therapy, the
s of the invention may comprise administering or delivering the compound or salt of
Formula I and an additional active agent sequentially, e.g., in separate solution, emulsion,
suspension, tablets, pills or capsules, or by different injections in separate syringes. In
general, during ation therapy, an effective dosage of each active ingredient is
administered tially, i.e., serially, whereas in simultaneous therapy, effective dosages of
two or more active ingredients are administered together. s sequences of intermittent
combination therapy may also be used.
Methods of treatment and pharmaceutical combinations including compounds
or pharmaceutically acceptable salts of a I described herein together with any one or
ation of the following compounds and substances as an additional active agent are
provided by the disclosure:
Anti—fibrotics: IP—501 (InterMune)
Caspase Inhibitors: IDN—6556 (Idun Pharmaceuticals) and 0 d)
hilin Inhibitors: for example, NIM811 (Novartis), SCY—635 (Scynexis), and
DEBIO—025 (Debiopharm);
C v‘tochrome P450 mom‘soxvoenase inhibitors: ritonavir, ketoconazole,
troleandomycin, 4—methyl pyrazole, cyclosporin, clomethiazole, cimetidine, itraconazole,
fluconazole, miconazole, fluvoxamine, fluoxetine, nefazodone, sertraline, indinavir,
nelfinavir, avir, fosamprenavir, saquinavir, lopinavir, delavirdine, erythromycin, VX—
944, and VX—497 (Merimebodib). Preferred CYP inhibitors e ritonavir, ketoconazole,
troleandomycin, 4—methyl pyrazole, cyclosporin, and clomethiazole;
Glucocorticoids: hydrocortisone, cortisone, prednisone, prednisolone,
methylprednisolone, triamcinolone, thasone, thasone, and dexamethasone.
HCV Protease tors: for example ACH—1625 and ACH—2684. US patent number
7,906,619 is hereby incorporated for its teachings regarding anti—HCV compounds. US
patent application nos. 12/635,270 at pages 52—167 and 12/635,049 at pages 43—92 are hereby
incorporated by reference for their teachings regarding anti—HCV compounds, ACH 1625 and
ACH 2684 (Achillion), ABT-450 (Abbott), ACL-181 and 2 (Avila), BI—335
(Boehringer Ingelheim), BMS—032 (Bristol Meyers Squibb), boceprevir (Merck), TMC—435,
MK-7152 (Merck), GS-9256 (Gilead), GS-9451 (Gilead), R7227 (Intermune), VX-500
(Vertex), VX—950 (telaprevir, Vertex), VX—985 (Vertex), TMC—435 (Tibotec), 908
(prodrug of Amprenavir, Glaxo/ ), indinavir (CRIXIVAN, , ITMN—191
(Intermune/ Array Biopharma), BILN 2061 (Boehringer—Ingelheim), TMC435350
(Tibotec/Medivir), BI 201335 (Boehringer Ingelheim), PHX—1766 mix), MK—7009
(Merck), narlaprevir (SCH900518, ng)
Hematopoietins: hematopoietin—1 and hematopoietin—2. Other members of the
hematopoietin superfamily such as the various colony stimulating factors (e.g. (e.g. G—CSF,
GM—CSF, M—CSF), Epo, and SCF (stem cell factor)
athic Therapies: Milk Thistle, silymarin, ginseng, glycyrrhizin, licorice root,
schisandra, vitamin C, vitamin E, beta carotene, and selenium
Immunomodulatory compounds: thalidomide, IL—2, hematopoietins, IMPDH
inhibitors, for example Merimepodib (Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc.), interferon, ing
natural interferon (such as OMNIFERON, n and SUMIFERON, Sumitomo, a blend of
natural interferons), natural interferon alpha (ALFERON, Hemispherx Biopharma, Inc.),
interferon alpha nl from lymphblastoid cells ERON, Glaxo Wellcome), oral alpha
eron, Peg—interferon, Peg—interferon alfa 2a (PEGASYS, Roche), recombinant interferon
alfa 2a (ROFERON, Roche), inhaled interferon alpha 2b (AERX, Aradigm), Peg—interferon
alpha 2b (ALBUFERON, Human Genome Sciences/ Novartis, PEGINTRON, Schering),
recombinant interferon alfa 2b (INTRON A, Schering), ted interferon alfa 2b (PEG—
INTRON, Schering, VIRAFERONPEG, Schering) ,interferon beta—la (REBIF, Ares—Serono,
Inc. and Pfizer), consensus interferon alpha GEN, Intermune), eron gamma—lb
(ACTIMMUNE, Intermune, Inc.), un—pegylated interferon alpha, alpha interferon, and its
analogs, and synthetic in alpha 1 (ZADAXIN, SciClone Pharmaceuticals Inc.), and
lamdba eron (BMS)
Immunosupressants: sirolimus (RAPAMUNE, Wyeth)
Interleukins: (IL-1, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-11, IL-12), LIF, TGF-beta, TNF-
alpha) and other low molecular weight s (e.g. AcSDKP, pEEDCK, thymic hormones,
and minicytokines)
Interferon Enhancers: EMZ702 (Transition Therapeutics)
IRES inhibitors: VGX—410C (VGX Pharma)
Monoclonal and Polyclonal antibodies: XTL—6865 (HEPX—C, XTL), HuMax—HepC
(Genmab), Hepatitis C Immune Globin (human) (CIVACIR, Nabi rmceuticals), XTL—
002 (XTL), Rituximab (RITUXAN, Genentech/ IDEC)
Nucleoside analogues: 4 (Idenix), PSI—7977 and PSI—938 (Pharmasset), INX—
189 (Inhibitex), R7128 (Roche), R7348 (Roche), GS-6620 (Gilead), TMC—649 (Tibotec),
Lamivudine (EPIVIR, 3TC, GlaxoSmithKline), MK—0608 (Merck), zalcitabine ,
Roche US Pharmaceuticals), rin (including COPEGUS (Roche), REBETOL (Schering),
VILONA (ICN Pharmaceuticals, and LE (ICN Pharmaceuticals), isatoribine
(Anadys Pharmaceuticals), ANA971(Anadys Pharmaceuticals), ANA245 (Anadys
Pharmaceuticals), and Viramidine (ICN), an amidine prodrug of ribaVirin. Combinations of
nucleoside analogues may also be employed.
Non—nucleoside inhibitors: PSI—6130 (Roche/ Pharmasset), 3 and ABT—072
(Abbott), ridine (RESCRIPTOR, Pfizer), PF-868554 (Pfizer), 2
(GlaxoSmithKline), IDX—325 x), ANA—598 (Anadys), VX—222 and VX—759 (Vertex),
MK—328l (Merck), BI—127 (Boehringer Ingelheim), EMS—325 (Bristol Meyers), and HCV—
796 (Viropharm)
NS4a inhibitors: for example ACH—1095. US patent application no.
US2007/0004711 is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety for its ngs
regarding HCV inhibitors and US patent application no. 12/125,554 at pages 45—90 is hereby
incorporated by reference for its teachings regarding HCV inhibitors.
NS4b inhibitors: clemizole (Arrow Therapeutics)
NS5a inhibitors: A—382 (Arrow Therapeutics), BMS—790052 (BMS)
NS5b inhibitors: INX-181, IDX-375, MK-3281, PSI-7977, PSI-7851, PSI-938, RG—
9190, VX—222 (Vertex), and BMS—791325 (Bristol Meyers Squibb).
P7 protein inhibitor: amantadine (SYMMETREL, Endo Pharmaceuticals, Inc.)
Polmerase inhibitors: Filibuvir (PF—00868554, Pfizer), NM283 (valopicitabine)
(IdeniX), JTK 003 (AKROS Pharma), HCV—796 (ViroPharma/ Wyeth), IDX184
(IdeniX),VCH-916 (VertX), R7128 (PSI6130, Roche), R1626 (Roche), MK-3281 (Merck),
51 asset), ANA598 s), BI207127 (Boehringer—Ingelheim), GS 9190
RNA interference: SIRNA—034 RNAi (Sirna Therapeutics) and 181 14803 (Isis
Pharmaceutical/ Elan)
eutic Vaccines: IC41 (Intercell), IMN—0101 (Imnogenetics), GI 5005
(Globeimmune), Chronvac—C (Tripep/ ), ED—002 (Imnogenetics), HepavaXX C (ViReX
Medical)
TNF ts: adalimumab (HUMIRA, Abbott), entanercept (ENBREL, Amgen and
Wyeth), infliXimab (REMICADE, Centocor, Inc.)
Tubulin inhibitors: Colchicine
Sphingosine—l—phosphate or modulators: FTY720 (Novartis)
TLR agonists: ANA—975 (Anadys Pharmaceuticals), TLR7 agonist (Anadys
Pharmaceuticals), CPG10101(Coley), andTLR9 agonists including CPG 7909 (Coley).
Vaccines: HCV/MF59 (Chiron), IC41 (Intercell), E—1 (Innogenetics)
Patients receiving hepatitis C medications are typically given eron
together with another active agent. Thus methods of treatment and pharmaceutical
combinations in which a nd of The invention is provided together with an interferon,
such as pegylated interferon alfa 2a, as the additional active agents are included as
embodiments. Similarly methods and pharmaceutical ations in which ribavirin is an
additional active agent are provided herein.
Methods of inhibiting HCV replication in vivo comprising ing a
compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of Formula I to a patient infected with HCV, a
concentration of the nd or salt of Formula I sufficient to t HCV replicon
replication in vitro are included herein. In this instance the concentration includes an in vivo
concentration, such as a blood or plasma concentration. The concentration of compound
sufficient to inhibit HCV replicon ation in vitro may be determined from an assay of
replicon ation such as the assay provided in Example 9, herein.
Methods of treatment include providing certain dosage amounts of a
compound or pharmaceutically able salt of Formula I to a patient. Dosage levels of
each active agent of from about 0.1 mg to about 140 mg per kilogram of body weight per day
are useful in the treatment of the above—indicated conditions (about 0.5 mg to about 7 g per
patient per day). The amount of active ingredient that may be combined with the carrier
als to e a single unit dosage form will vary depending upon the patient treated
and the particular mode of administration. In certain embodiments about 0.1 mg to about
2000 mg, from about 10 mg to about 1500 mg, from about 100 mg to about 1000 mg, from
about 200 mg to about 800 mg, or from about 300 to about 600 mg of a compound of
Formula I and optionally from about 0.1 mg to about 2000 mg, from about 10 mg to about
1500 mg, from about 100mg to about 1000 mg, from about 200 mg to about 800 mg, or from
about 300 to about 600 mg of a compound of an onal active agent, for example an NS3a
protease inhibitor such as a compound of Formula II are provided daily to a patient. It is
preferred that each unit dosage form contains less than 1200 mg of active agent in total.
Frequency of dosage may also vary depending on the compound used and the particular
disease treated. However, for treatment of most infectious disorders, a dosage regimen of 4
times daily or less is preferred and a dosage regimen of 1 or 2 times daily is particularly
preferred.
It will be understood, however, that the specific dose level for any particular
t will depend upon a variety of factors including the activity of the specific compound
employed, the age, body weight, l , sex, diet, time of administration, route of
administration, and rate of excretion, drug combination and the severity of the particular
e in the patient undergoing therapy.
PACKAGED FORMULATIONS
Methods comprising providing a nd or salt of Formula I in a container
together with instructions for using the compound to treat a patient suffering from Hepatitis C
infection are included herein.
Packaged ceutical compositions/ combinations are also included
herein. Such packaged combinations include a compound of Formula I in a container
together with instructions for using the ation to treat or prevent a viral infection, such
as a hepatitis C infection, in a t.
The packaged pharmaceutical composition/ combination may include one or
more additional active agents. In certain embodiments the additional active agent is an NS3a
protease inhibitor, such as a compound of Formula II.
The packaged pharmaceutical combination may include a nd or
pharmaceutically acceptable salt of Formula I and the additional active agent provided
simultaneously in a single dosage form, concomitantly in te dosage forms, or provided
in separate dosage forms for stration ted by some amount of time that is within
the time in which both the compound of Formula I and the additional active agent are within
the bloodstream of the patient.
The packaged pharmaceutical combination may include a compound or
pharmaceutically acceptable salt of Formula I provided in a container with an additional
active agent provided in the same or separate container, with instructions for using the
combination to treat an HCV infection in a patient.
EXAMPLES
ABBREVIATIONS
The following abbreviations are used in the reaction schemes and tic
examples, which follow. This list in not meant to be an all—inclusive list of abbreviations
used in the application as additional standard abbreviations, which are readily tood by
those skilled in the art of organic synthesis, may also be used in the synthetic schemes and
examples.
Ac acetyl
ACN acetonitrile
aq. aqueous
BOC xycarbonyl
DCM dichloromethane
DIEA N,N-diisopropylethylamine
DlPEA N,N—diisopropylethylamine
DME 1,2—dimethoxyethane
DMF N,N—dimethylformamide
dppf 1,1 ’ —bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene
EDCI N-(3 -Dimethylaminopropyl)-N’-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride
Et ethyl
EtZO diethyl ether
FCC flash column chromatography
HATU 0—(7—azabenzotriazol—1—yl)—N,N,N',N'—tetramethyluronium
hexafluorophosphate
MTBE methyl tert—butyl ether
PTLC preparative thin layer chromatography
rt room temperature
TEA triethylamine
TFA trifluoroacetic acid
THF tetrahydrofuran
TPP triphenylphosphine
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
All nonaqueous reactions were performed under an atmosphere of dry argon
gas using ried glassware and anhydrous solvents. The progress of reactions and the
purity of target compounds were determined using one of the following two HPLC methods:
(1) Waters AQUITY UPLC BEH C18 1.7 pm 2.1 X 50 mm column with an isocratic elution
of 0.24 min at 90:10 water:acetonitrile ning 0.05% formic acid followed by a 4.26—min
linear gradient n from 90:10 to 10:90 at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min with UV (PDA),
ELS, and MS (SQ in APCI mode) detection (method 1); and (2) Waters AQUITY UPLC
BEH C18 1.7 pm 2.1 X 50 mm column with an isocratic n of 0.31 min at 95:5
water:acetonitrile containing 0.05% formic acid followed by a 17.47—min linear gradient
elution from 95:5 to 5:95 at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min with UV (PDA), ELS, and MS (SQ in
APCI mode) detection (method 2).
Target compounds were purified via preparative reverse—phase HPLC using a
YMC Pack Pro C18 5 pm 150 x 20 mm column with an isocratic elution of 0.35 min at 95:5
water:acetonitrile containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid followed by a 23.3—min linear gradient
elution from 95:5 to 5:95 at a flow rate of 18.9 mL/min with UV and ased fraction
collection.
L SYNTHETIC SCHEME
,Boc
HO N
DIPEA toluene, A
“W“ P06 , BQ—CNH
HATU, DIPEA
i, 0‘ ’0
3—3 8
HN I \
0 o :0 oi
Br / NH
N N
KOAc, cat. PdClzdppf.CH2C|2
dioxane, A
0’ 0Br
iqB 3* O
/ NH ‘3;ng
K3PO4, cat. PdClzdppf.CH2C|2
dioxa ne/wate r, A
’0 11
EXAMPLE 1. SYNTHESIS OF COMPOUND 10
Compound 10 was prepared Via bromination of [2.2]paracyclophane as
ed previously , H. J .; Cram, D. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 3527-3533;
Reich, H. J.; Cram, D. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 9], 543). Compounds 1, 2, 6, 8, and
can be obtained from cial sources. Compounds 3—7 and 9 were prepared using
general synthetic methods known in the art.
EXAMPLE 2. SYNTHESIS OF COMPOUND 11
A deoxygenated (argon) mixture of 9 (284.2 mg), 10 (52.3 mg), K3PO4 (248.1
mg), and PdClzdppf-CH2C12 (7.4 mg) in e/water (5.5. mL/0.55 mL) was irradiated in a
microwave for 2 h at 80 OC. The resulting mixture was evaporated under reduced pressure
and the remaining solid was extracted with DCM. This crude material was purified by PTLC
(20 cm x 20 cm x 2000 um glass plates; eluted with 5 v/v/v DCMzEtOAczMeOH, Rf
0.28) to give 75.3 mg of 11. The purity of 11 was determined via analytical reverse—phase
HPLC using a 35—min gradient elution of increasing concentrations of ACN in water (10—
90%) containing 0.05% formic acid with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min on a Waters AQUITY
UPLC BEH C18 1.7 pm 2.1 x 50 mm column with UV (PDA), ELS, and MS (SQ in APCI
mode) detection. HPLC: IR 1.57 min (98% purity). MS m/z calculated for C56H64N806
([M]+), 945; found, 946 ([M + 1]+).
EXAMPLE 3. SIS OF DIMETHYL 5)—((25,2'S,3AS,3A'S,7AS,7A'S)—2,2'—(5,5'—
(TRICYCLo[8.2.2.24’7]HEXADECA—4,6,10,12,13,15—HEXAENE—5,11—D1YL)BIS(1H—
BENZO[D]IMIDAZOLE—S,2—DIYL))BIS(OCTAHYDRO— 1H—1NDOLE—2, 1 —DIYL))BIS(3—METHYL— 1 —
OXOBUTANE—Z,1—DIYL))DICARBAMATE (20)
8312
1‘. 0 rice 0
12 13
To a stirred solution of (2R,3aS,7aS)—octahydro—1H—indole—2—carboxylic acid
(250 g, 1.0 equiv) (12) in THF (3 L) and water (1.5 L) at 00 C, was added dropwise a cooled
aq solution of 2.5 M NaOH (1 L). The reaction mixture was stirred for 15 min at the same
temperature. Then di—tert—butyl dicarbonate (1.3 equiv) was added dropwise, maintaining the
temperature at 0 OC. The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 12 h. The reaction
mixture was waShed with MTBE (3 times). The aq phase was acidified with 1 M aq citric
acid and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 times). The combined organic layers were dried over
sodium sulphate and concentrated to dryness to give (2R,3aS,7aS)—1—(tert—
butoxycarbonyl)octahydro—1H—indole—2—carboxylic acid (368 g) (13).
Step2
JCENH 03*“+ —>
Br NHZ O WW1“! )\Br .
Boc 0
13 14 +Is0mer
To a stirred solution of 4—bromo—1,2—diaminobenzene (23.1 g, 1.2 equiv),
(2R,3aS,7aS)—1—(tert—butoxycarbonyl)octahydro—1H—indole—2—carboxylic acid (26.9 g, 1.0
equiv) 13, and EDCI (23.6g, 1.2 equiv) in ACN (600 mL) at 0 0C was added DIEA (21.5 mL,
1.3 equiv) dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred for additional 1 h after completion of
addition. Water (1.2 L) was added and the on mixture was stirred overnight. The solid
powder (14) was collected, washed with water, and dried for use in the next step without
further cation (39.1 g).
Step 3
H2N H
H N
N I)
N Br N
\ Br
\ O Boc
14 + Isomer
An isomeric mixture (14) of (2S,3aS,7aS)—tert—butyl 2—((2—amino—4—
bromophenyl)carbamoyl)octahydro—1H—indole—1—carboxylate and (2S,3aS,7aS)—tert—butyl 2—
((2—amino—5—bromophenyl)carbamoyl)octahydro—1H—indole—1—carboxylate (160 g, 0.36 mol)
was dissolved in acetic acid (480 mL) and the reaction mixture was stirred at 65 0C until the
starting materials were consumed (as judged by LC—MS is). The reaction was cooled
to rt and the solvent was removed under vacuum. The ing residue was dissolved in
ethyl acetate (500 mL) and aq ammonia (100 mL) was added carefully. Additional water
(100 mL) was added and the c layer was separated and collected. The aq phase was
extracted with ethyl acetate (2 X 300 mL). The combined organic phase was washed with
water (200 mL), followed by brine (200 mL), and dried over MgSO4. The on was
concentrated and the remaining residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography
(hexanes/ethyl acetate) to afford (2S,3aS,7aS)—tert—butyl romo—1H—benzo[d]imidazol—2—
yl)octahydro—1H—indole—1—carboxylate (15) (140 g).
Step 4
H H
(1%I:N N
N CENHI:N
‘Boc Br ‘Boc T’00%
16
Under an here of argon, a mixture of (2S,3aS,7aS)—tert—butyl 2—(6—
bromo—1H—benzo[d]imidazol—2—yl)octahydro—1H—indole—1—carboxylate (15) (30 g, 1.0 equiv),
bis(pinacolato)diborane (27.2 g, 1.5 equiv), ium acetate (21 g, 3.0 equiv), and
Pd(dppf)Clz (5.7 g, 0.098 equiv) in ous 1,4—dioxane (300 mL) was heated at 80—90 0C
for ~4 h (until the reaction was complete as judged by LC—MS). The cooled (rt) reaction
mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (300 mL), stirred with activated carbon (60 g) for 1 h,
and filtered through a pad of Celite. The filtrate was concentrated under reduce pressure and
the resulting brown foam was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexanes/ethyl
acetate, 5:1 —> 1:2 v/v) to give (2S,3aS,7aS)—tert—butyl 2—(6—(4,4,5,5—tetramethyl—1,3,2—
dioxaborolan—2—yl)—1H—benzo[d]imidazol—2—yl)octahydro—1H—indole—1—carboxylate as an off—
white solid ) (16).
Step5
0 O —» O 0
A mixture of B12 (82.8 g) and iron powder (4.6 g) in DCM (1.6 L) was stirred
at rt for 1 h. To this mixture was added, in one portion, a slurry of aracyclophane (200
g, 1.0 equiv) in DCM. The resulting mixture was heated to reflux, and to it was added slowly
a solution of B12 (228 g) in DCM (400 mL) over a 3—h period. After this addition was
complete, the reaction e continued to reflux for 3 h, was allowed to cool to rt with
stirring overnight, was washed with 5% w/v aq Na28203 (2 L) and water (2 L), dried
(MgSO4), and evaporated to dryness. The ed crude solid was dissolved in hot toluene
(1.2 L, ~100 OC), allowed to cool slowly overnight to rt with stirring, and further cooled to 5
0C for 3 h. The resulting solid was collected and washed with cold toluene (~100 mL) to
afford 4,16—dibromo[2.2]paracyclophane (17) (83 g). 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3, rt): 5
.00 (m, 4H), 3.10—3.21 (m, 2H), 3.44—3.54 (m, 2H), 6.44 (d, J: 8.0 Hz, 2H), 6.51 (d,
J = 2.0 Hz, 2H), 7.14 (dd, J = 8.0 Hz, 2.0 Hz, 2H).
Step 6
NBoc
Under an atmosphere of argon, a mixture of 4,16—dibromo[2.2]paracyclophane
(17) (20 g, 1.0 equiv), (2S,3aS,7aS)—tert—butyl 2—(6—(4,4,5,5—tetramethyl—1,3,2—dioxaborolan—2—
yl)—1H—benzo[d]imidazol—2—yl)octahydro—1H—indole—1—carboxylate (64 g, 2.5 equiv), Cs2C03
(16) (44.5 g, 2.5equiv), Pd(PPh3)4 (3.16 g, 0.05 equiv), DMF (500 mL), and water (25 mL)
was heated at 130 0C for ~2—3 h (until the reaction was complete as judged by LC—MS). The
reaction mixture was d to cool to rt and filtered through a pad of silica gel (30 g)
layered with Celite. This pad was washed with DMF (2 X 50 mL) and the combined filtrates
were added to d water (2.5 L) to give a pale yellow precipitate. This solid was collected
by filtration, washed with water (1 L) and ACN (500 mL), and dissolved in a e of
DCM (250 mL) and MeOH (25 mL). To this solution was added ACN (250 mL) to generate
a fine slurry, which was then concentrated under reduce pressure at 30—35 0C to remove ~150
mL of solvent. Another portion of ACN (500 mL) was added and additional t (~100
mL) was removed under reduce pressure at 40—45 0C. The solid was collected by filtration
and dried under vacuum to give (2S,2'S,3aS,3a'S,7aS,7a'S)—di—tert—butyl 2,2'-(5,5'—
(tricyclo[8.2.2.24’7]hexadeca—4,6,10,12,13,15—hexaene—5,11—diyl)bis(1H—benzo[d]imidazole—
,2—diyl))bis(octahydro—1H—indole—1—carboxylate) as a pale yellow powder (33.8 g).
To a cooled (0 °C) solution of (2S,2'S,3aS,3a'S,7aS,7a'S)—di—tert—butyl 2,2'—
(5,5'—(tricyclo[8.2.2.24’7]hexadeca—4,6,10,12,13,15—hexaene—5,11—diyl)bis(1H—
benzo[d]imidazole—S,2—diyl))bis(octahydro—1H—indole—1—carboxylate) (18) (20.33 g, 1.0
equiv) in DCM/MeOH (4/1 v/v, 200 mL) was added a 4 N oxane solution (100 mL).
The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 30 min and concentrated under reduce pressure to
give a pale yellow powder (19) (21.7 g). The solid obtained was dried under vacuum until
residual MeOH was undetectable by 1H NMR spectroscopic analysis. This thoroughly dried
material was used directly in the next step.
Step 8
To a mixture of (S)—2—((methoxycarbonyl)amino)—3—methylbutanoic acid (10 g,
2.3 equiv), HOBt monohydrate (8.8 g, 2.3 equiv), and ACN (50 mL) at rt was added EDCI
(11.14 g, 2.3 equiv). After stirring 5 min, this activated acid mixture was added to a solution
of the hydrochloride salt (19) from above (21.7 g) and DIEA (32 mL, 7.2 equiv) in DMF (250
mL). The reaction mixture was d at rt until the reaction was judged as complete by LC—
MS is (~4 h) and then poured into water (1.2 L) with stirring. The precipitate was
collected by filtration, stirred in ACN/water (4:1 v/v, 500 mL) overnight, collected again by
tion, and dried in vacuo to give dimethyl ((2S,2'S)—((2S,2'S,3aS,3a'S,7aS,7a'S)-2,2'—(5,5'—
(tricyclo[8.2.2.24’7]hexadeca—4,6,10,12,13,15—hexaene—5,11—diyl)bis(1H—benzo[d]imidazole—
,2—diyl))bis(octahydro— 1H—indole—2, 1 —diyl))bis(3 —methyl—1—oxobutane—2,1—diyl))dicarbamate
(20) (22.62 g).
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO—d6, 120 °C): 50.87 (d, J: 6.5 Hz, 6H), 0.92 (d, J
= 6.5 Hz, 6H), 1.20—1.60 (m, 6H), .10 (m, 12H), 2.31 (m, 2H), 2.38—2.52 (m, 2H),
2.54—2.76 (m, 4H), 2.85 (m, 2H), 3.07 (m, 2H), 3.45 (m, 2H), 3.57 (br s, 6H), 4.07 (t, J: 8.0
Hz, 2H), 4.34 (m, 2H), 5.28 (t, J: 8.5 Hz, 2H), 6.51 (br, 2H), 6.57 (d, J: 8.0 Hz, 2H), 6.73
(s, 2H), 6.76 (d, J: 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.33 (d, J: 8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.64 (d, J: 8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.72 (s,
2H).
EXAMPLE 4. SIS OF DIMETHYL ((25,2'5,3R,3'R)—((25,2'5,3AS,3A'S,7AS,7A'S)—2,2'—(5 ,5 '—
(TRICYCLO[8.2.2.24’7]HEXADECA—4,6,10,12,13,15—HEXAENE—5,1l—DIYL)BIS(1H—
BENZO[D]IMIDAZOLE—S,2—DIYL))BIS(OCTAHYDRO— 1H—1NDOLE—2, 1 —DIYL))BIS(3—METHOXY— 1 —
OXOBUTANE—Z,l—DIYL))DICARBAMATE (22)
Step 1
H2N,, o
I N,
OH _> / T 1,
'I/O/ 0
O—Methyl—L—threonine (25 g, 0.19 mol) was dissolved in 1,4—dioxane (125
mL) and cooled to 0 0C. An aq 2 M NaOH (22.5 g, 0.56 mol, 3 equiv) solution was then
added to the reaction mixture followed by methyl chloroformate (17.4 mL, 0.22 mol, 1.2
equiv) at the same temperature. The reaction mixture was warmed to rt and stirred for 16 h.
The reaction mixture was washed with ethyl acetate (500 mL). The aq layer was acidified
with 3 N HCl (up to pH 2) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 X 250mL). The combined
c layers were dried over Na2$O4 and concentrated to afford the crude product (23 g).
Ethyl acetate (46 mL) was added to the crude product and heated at 80 0C to obtain a clear
solution. This solution was then cooled to 0 OC. The solid ed was filtered and dried to
afford the desired pure product (21) (18.75 g).
Step 2
0 o H
H + o.
N\ N
19 QN .0/
H 21
4HCl
H \
03—6“ 3~NH
N \N O O §8\.¢O\
—> O
oflun. o
N N
/ N
22 H
DIEA (32.8 mL, 0.192 mol) was added dropwise to a mixture of the
hydrochloride salt from above (32.0 g, 0.0384 mol), methyl—L—threonine (18.3 g,
0.0960 mol), and HATU (36.5 g, 0.09604 mol) in DMF (160 mL) at 0 OC. The reaction
mixture was allowed to warm to rt, stirred for 16 h, and poured into water (1.6 L). The
resulting solid was collected by filtration and dissolved in DCM (500 mL). This solution was
washed with water (100 mL), washed with brine (50 mL), dried over sodium sulphate, and
concentrated under reduced re. The residue was purified by silica gel column
chromatography to give dimethyl ((2S,2'S,3R,3'R)—((2S,2'S,3aS,3a'S,7aS,7a'S)—2,2'—(5 ,5 '—
(tricyclo[8.2.2.24’7]hexadeca—4,6,10,12,13,15—hexaene—5,11—diyl)bis(1H—benzo[d]imidazole—
,2—diyl))bis(octahydro— 1H—indole—2, 1 —diyl))bis(3—methoxy— 1 —oxobutane—2, 1 —
diyl))dicarbamate (22) (30 g). 1H NMR (400 MHz, 6, rt): 50.91—1.04 (m, 6H),
1.21—1.59 (m, 6H), 1.64—1.88 (m, 6H), 1.90—2.07 (m, 4H), .49 (m, 6H), 2.62 (m, 2H),
2.85 (m, 2H), 3.08 (m, 2H), 3.19 (s, 3H), 3.20 (s, 3H), 3.42 (m, 2H), 3.57 (s, 6H), 4.15
(apparent t, J: 8.0 Hz, 2H), 4.47 (m, 2H), 5.16 (apparent t, J: 8.5 Hz, 2H), 6.52 (apparent t,
J: 8.5 Hz, 2H), 6.75 (s, 2H), 6.82 (m, 2H), 7.41 (m, 2H), 7.71 (apparent t, J: 6.0 Hz, 2H),
.79 (m, 4H).
EXAMPLE 5. SYNTHESIS OF DIMETHYL((25,219,3R,3'R)—((252'S,3AS,3A'S,7AS,7A'S)—2,2'—
(5 ,5'—(TRICYCLO[8.2.2.24’7]HEXADECA—4,6,10,12,13,15—HEXAENE—5 ,1 l—DIYL)BIS(1H—
BENZO[D]IMIDAZOLE—S,2—DIYL))BIS(OCTAHYDRO— 1H—1NDOLE—2, 1 —DIYL))BIS(3—METHOXY— 1 —
OXOBUTANE—Z,l—DIYL))DICARBAMATE (23)
CFH” \O
/ )‘NH
N 0 $04
HN Q
or“?H . 0
/0 ”OH oW
Dimethyl 'S,3R,3'R)—((2S,2'S,3aS,3a'S,7aS,7a'S)—2,2'—(5,5'—
(tricyclo[8.2.2.24’7]hexadeca—4,6,10,12,13,15—hexaene—5,11—diyl)bis(1H—benzo[d]imidazole—
,2—diyl))bis(octahydro— 1H—indole—2, 1 —diyl))bis(3 —hydroxy—1—oxobutane—2, 1—
diyl))dicarbamate was prepared in a manner analogous to that described above for the
synthesis of dimethyl ((2S,2'S,3R,3'R)—((2S,2'S,3aS,3a'S,7aS,7a'S)—2,2'—(5,5'—
(tricyclo[8.2.2.24’7]hexadeca—4,6,10,12,13,15—hexaene—5,11—diyl)bis(1H—benzo[d]imidazole—
,2—diyl))bis(octahydro— 1H—indole—2, 1 )bis(3—methoxy— 1 —oxobutane—2, 1 —
diyl))dicarbamate. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO—d6, rt): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO—d6, rt): 6
0.95—1.04 (m, 6H), 1.20—1.56 (m, 6H), 1.64—1.85 (m, 6H), 1.90—2.09 (m, 4H), 2.25 (m, 2H),
2.32—2.49 (m, 4H), 2.63 (m, 2H), 2.83 (m, 2H), 3.06 (m, 2H), 3.39 (m, 2H), 3.57 (s, 6H),
3.69 (m, 2H), 4.06 (apparent t, J: 7.5 Hz, 2H), 4.46 (m, 2H), 4.72 (m, 2H), 5.13 (m, 2H),
6.44—6.57 (m, 2H), 6.68—6.87 (m, 4H), 7.23—7.35 (m, 4H), 7.53—7.78 (m, 4H).
E 6. SYNTHESIS OF COMPOUND 29 VIA THE TETRAAMINE SYNTHETIC ROUTE
Step 1
: :NHZ —>
Br : :NHBoc
Br NH2 NHBoc
1,2—Diamino—4—bromobenzene (10 g, 0.053 mol) was ved in DCM (150
mL) and cooled to 0 0C. A solution of NaOH (50 mL, 2.5 mol) was added dropwise at the
same temperature. After 15 min, di—tert—butyl dicarbonate (58 g, 0.26 mol) was added
dropwise at the same temperature. Then the reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room
ature, stirred for 16 h, diluted with DCM (100 mL), and washed with water (100 mL).
The organic layer was ted, dried over Na2804, and concentrated. The crude material
was purified by silica gel column chromatography (petroleum ether/ethyl acetate, 1:1 V/V) to
afford the desired product (18 g).
NHBoc
/©:NHBoc —>
)§<|13 0, /©:
NHB°°
Br NHBoc
Under an atmosphere of argon, a mixture of di—tert—butyl (4—bromo—1,2—
ene)dicarbamate (24) (18 g, 0.046 mol), bis(pinacolato)diboron (17.7 g, 0.070 mol),
potassium acetate (13.66 g, 0.14 mol), and Pd(dppf)Clz (3.8 g, 0.0046 mol) in 1,4—dioxane
(360 mL) was heated at 85 0C for 16 h. The reaction mixture was then diluted with ethyl
acetate (200 mL) and filtered through a bed of Celite. The filtrate was concentrated under
reduced pressure and the ing material was purified by silica gel column
chromatography (petroleum ether/ethyl acetate, 80:20 V/V) to afford the desired product (25)
(16.0 g).
Step 3
BocHN
NHBoc BocHN O
+ C)‘B NHBat: NHBoc
Br I
NHBoc
17 25 26
Under an atmosphere of argon, a mixture of 4,16—dibromo[2.2]paracyclophane
(17) (6 g, 0.014 mol), di—tert—butyl (4—(4,4,5,5—tetramethyl—1,3,2—dioxaborolan—2—yl)—1,2—
phenylene)dicarbamate (17.78 g, 0.032 mol), aq Cs2C03 solution (15.98 g, 0.049mol, in 66
mL water), and Pd(PPh3)4 (1.33 g, 0.0016 mol) was heated in a sealed tube at 80 0C for 16 h.
The on mixture was poured into water (250 mL) and the resulting itate was
collected by filtration and washed with water. This crude material was purified by column
tography (petroleum ether/ethyl acetate, 6:4 V/V) to afford the desired product (26)
(5.0 g).
Step 4
BocHN HZN O
BocHN O HZN
ONHBoc O””2
NHBoc NH2
26 4TFA
The tetra Boc—protected product from above (26) (10 g) was added to TFA
(100 mL) at 0—5 0C. After completion of the addition, the reaction mixture was warmed to rt
and stirred for 3 h. The reaction e was then concentrated and co—evaporated with DCM
(3 X 50 mL). The crude material (27) was used directly in the next step.
Step 5
DIEA (1 mL, 0.0125 mol) was added dropwise to a cooled (0 OC) mixture of
(S)—5—(tert—butoxycarbonyl)—5—azaspiro[2.4]heptane—6—carboxylic acid (0.5 g, 0.00057 mol),
HOBt (0.35 g, 0.0026 mol), EDCI (0.5 g, 0.0026 mol), and the TFA salt (27) from above
(0.343 g, 0.0014 mol) in DMF (5 mL) at 0 0C. After the addition was complete, the reaction
mixture was allowed to warm to rt and d for 16 h. The reaction mixture was poured into
water and the precipitate (28) was collected by tion and purified by silica gel column
chromatography to give the desired product (0.32 g).
Step 6
o . H
Acetic acid (5 mL) was added to the diamide t from above (28) (0.32g,
0.00035 mol) and heated at 45 0C for 4 h. The reaction mixture was evaporated and the
residue was d with ethyl acetate (95 mL), then washed with aq NaHCO3 (2 X 25 mL)
and water (2 X 30 mL). The organic layer was separated, dried over NaZSO4, and evaporated
under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by column chromatography to give
the desired product (29) (0.2 g).
AWN” 0“maxAM: 0$1ij
4HCl
The boc—protected product from above (0.09 g) was dissolved in DCM (0.9
mL) and cooled at 0 OC. Then 4 N HCl/dioxane (0.9 mL) was added dropwise. The reaction
e was warmed to rt and stirred for 3 h. Then the volatiles were removed under vacuum
and co—evaporated with DCM (3 X 50 mL). The remaining crude material (30) was used
directly in the next step without r purification.
Step 8
u H/N O WO :3qu
i /
4H(,l
The hydrochloride salt (30) from above (0.011 g, 0.0000141 mol, 1.0 equiv)
was dissolved in DMF (1 mL) and cooled to 0 0C. To this cooled solution were added (S)—2—
((methoxycarbonyl)amino)—3—methylbutanoic acid (0.0062 g, 0.000033 mol, 2.5 equiv),
HOBt (0.0044 g, 0.000033 mol, 2.5 equiv) and EDCI (0.0063 g, 0.000033 mol, 2.5 equiv).
DIEA (0.02 mL, 0.00013 mol, 10 equiv) was then added se at the same temperature.
The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to rt and stirred for 16 h. The reaction mixture
was then poured into water (25 mL) and the precipitated solid was collected by filtration,
dried, and purified by silica gel column chromatography to give the desired product (31) (3
mg). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, rt): 104 (m, 6H), 1.21—1.59 (m, 6H), 1.64—1.88
(m, 6H), 1.90—2.07 (m, 4H), 2.23—2.49 (m, 6H), 2.62 (m, 2H), 2.85 (m, 2H), 3.08 (m, 2H),
3.19 (s, 3H), 3.20 (s, 3H), 3.42 (m, 2H), 3.57 (s, 6H), 4.15 (apparent t, J: 8.0 Hz, 2H), 4.47
(m, 2H), 5.16 ent t, J: 8.5 Hz, 2H), 6.52 (apparent t, J: 8.5 Hz, 2H), 6.75 (s, 2H),
6.82 (m, 2H), 7.41 (m, 2H), 7.71 (apparent t, J = 6.0 Hz, 2H), 7.64—7.79 (m, 4H).
EXAMPLE 7. SYNTHESIS OF FERROCENE NSSA INHIBITORS (32)
HN’£
: O
M @3427 doFe / N
0 O
/0 32
Ferrocene compounds are prepared by the method discussed in Butler, 1. R., et
al., “A Convenient Preparation of Iodoferrocenes,” Polyhedron (1993) 12: 1.To a
stirred solution of 1,1’—diiodoferrocene (220 mg, 0.5 mmol) in 1,4—dioxane (10 mL) was
added methyl ((S)—3—methyl—1—oxo—1—((2S,3aS,7aS)—2—(5 —(4,4,5 ,5—tetramethyl—1,3,2—
dioxaborolan—2—yl)— 1H—benzo [d]imidazol—2—yl)octahydro—1H—indol— 1 —yl)butan—2—yl)carbamate
(1.1 g, 4 equiv), K3PO4 (853 mg, 2 M aq solution, 8 , and PdClzdppf (49 mg, 12 mol
%) under an atmosphere of argon. The resulting mixture was subjected to microwave
irradiation (CEM Discover ) at 80 0C for 1 h. The reaction mixture was allowed to
cool to room temperature, filtered, and trated in vacuo. The remaining residue was
purified by ative HPLC to give the desired product as the trifluoroacetate salt (43 mg).
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, 27 °C): 50.63 (d, J: 6.5 Hz, 6H), 0.78 (d, J: 6.5 Hz, 6H),
1.13—1.49 (m, 6H), 1.55—1.87 (m, 10H), 1.95 (m, 2H), 2.26 (m, 2H), 2.35 (m, 2H), 2.42 (m,
2H), 3.48 (s, 6H), 3.83 (t, J: 8.0 Hz, 2H), 4.18 (m, 4H), 4.37 (m, 2H), 4.67 (m, 4H), 5.10
(dd, J: 10.0 Hz, 7.5 Hz, 2H), 7.39 (d, J: 9.0 Hz, 2H), 7.42 (d, J: 9.0 Hz, 2H), 7.45 (d, J:
8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.53 (s, 2H).
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EXAMPLE 9. ASSAY FOR IDENTIFYING NDS WHICH INHIBIT HCV REPLICATION
Compounds claimed herein are tested for the ability to t viral replication of
the Hepatitis C replicon in cultured cells in which the HCV replicon construct has been
incorporated. The HCV replicon system was described by Bartenschlager, et. al (Science, 285,
pp. 110—1 13 (1999)). The replicon system is tive of in vivo anti—HCV activity; compounds
that are active in humans uniformly evidence activity in the replicon assay.
In this assay HCV replicon containing cells are treated with different
concentrations of the test compound to ascertain the ability of the test compound to suppress
replication of the HCV on. As a positive control, HCV replicon—containing cells are treated
with different concentrations of interferon alpha, a known inhibitor of HCV replication. The
replicon assay system includes Neomycin Phosphotransferase (NPT) as a component of the
on itself in order to detect the transcription of replicon gene products in the host cell. Cells
in which the HCV replicon is actively replicating have high levels of NPT; the level of NPT is
proportional to HCV replication. Cells in which the HCV replicon is not replicating also have
low levels of NPT and thus do not e when treated with Neomycin. The NPT level of each
sample is measured using a captured ELISA.
A protocol for testing compounds for the ability to inhibit viral replication of the
Hepatitis C on cultured cells in which the replicon construct has been orated,
follows.
9A. HCV Replicon and Replicon Expression
The HCV genome consists of a single ORF that encodes a 3000 amino acid
polyprotein. The ORF is flanked on the 5' side by an untranslated region that serves as an
internal ribosome entry site (IRES) and at the 3' side by a highly conserved sequence necessary
for viral replication (3'—NTR). The structural proteins, necessary for viral infection, are located
near the 5' end of the ORF. The non—structural proteins, designated NS2 to NSSB comprise the
remainder of the ORF.
The HCV replicon ns, 5'—3', the HCV—IRES, the neomycin
phosphotransferase (neo) gene, the IRES of encephalomyocarditis virus, which s
translation of HCV sequences NS3 to NSSB, and the . The sequence of the HCV
on has been deposited in GenBank (Accession no. AJ242652).
The replicon is transfected into Huh—7 cells using standard methods such as
oporation.
9B. Cell Maintenance
The equipment and materials include, but are not limited to, Huh—7 HCV replicon—
containing cells, maintenance media (DMEM (Dulbecco's modified Eagle media) supplemented
with 10% FBS, L—glutamine, non—essential amino acids, penicillin (100 units/ml), streptomycin
(100 micrograms/ml), and 500 micrograms/ml of Geneticin (G418), screening media (DMEM
supplemented with 10% FBS, L—glutamine, non—essential amino acids, penicillin (100 units/ml)
and streptomycin (100 rams/ml)), 96 well tissue culture plates (flat ), 96 well
plates (U bottom for drug dilution), Interferon alpha for positive control, fixation reagent (such
as methanol: acetone), primary dy (rabbit anti—NPTII), ary antibody: Eu—N1 l, and
enhancement solution.
HCV replicon—containing cells support high levels of viral RNA replicon
replication when their density is suitable. Over—confluency causes decreased viral RNA
replication. Therefore, cells must be kept growing in log phase in the presence of 500
micrograms/ml of G418. Generally, cells should be passed twice a week at 1: 4—6 dilution. Cell
nance is conducted as follows:
HCV on—containing cells are examined under a cope to ensure that
cells growing well. Cells are rinsed once with PBS and 2 ml trypsin is added. The cell/ trypsin
mixture is incubated at 37 0C in a C02 incubator for 3—5 minutes. After incubation 10 ml of
complete media is added to stop the trypsinization reaction. Cells are blown gently, put into a 15
ml tube, and spun at 1200 rpm for 4 minutes. The trypsin/ medium solution is removed.
Medium (5 ml) is added and the cells are mixed carefully. The cells are counted.
The cells are then seeded onto 96—well plates at a density of 6000—7500 100
microliters/ well (6—7.5 x 105 cells/10 ml/plate). The plates are then incubated at 37 0C in a 5%
CO2 incubator.
Cells are examined under a microscope approximated 24 hours after seeding and
prior to adding drugs. If ng and dilution were performed correctly, cells are 60—70%
confluent and nearly all cells should attach and spread evenly in the well.
6C. Treatment of HCV—replicon containing cells with Test Compound
HCV replicon—containing cells are rinsed with once PBS once; 2 mls of trypsin
are then added. Cells are incubated at 37°C in a 5% CO2 incubator for 3—5 minutes. 10 mls of
complete medium is added to stop the reaction. Cells are blown gently, put into a 15 ml tube,
and spun at 1200 rpm for four s. The n/medium solution is d and 5 mls of
medium (500 ml DMEM (high glucose)) from BRL g #12430—054; 50 mls 10% PBS, 5%
Geneticin G418 (50 mg/ml, BRL catalog #10131—035), 5 ml MEM non—essential amino acids
(100x BRL #11140—050) and 5 ml pen—strep (BRL #15140—148) is added. The cells and media
are mixed carefully
Cells are plated with screening medium (500 ml DMEM (BRL #21063—029), 50
ml FBS (BRL #10082—147) and 5 ml MEM non—essential amino acid (BRL #11140—050) at
6000—7500 fcells/100 l of 96 well plate (6—7.5x105 cells/10 ml/plate). Plates are placed
into 37°C 5% C02 incubator overnight.
4D. Assay
The following morning, drugs (test compounds or interferon alpha) are diluted in
96 well U bottom plates with media or DMSO/media, ing on the final concentration
chosen for screening. Generally for 6 concentrations of each test compounds ranging from 10
micromolar to 0.03 micromolar are d. 100 ul of the test nd dilution is placed in
wells of the 96 well plate containing the HCV replicon cells. Media without drug is added to
some wells as a negative controls. DMSO is known to affect cell growth. Therefore, if drugs
diluted in DMSO are used, all wells, ing negative control (media only) and positive control
(interferon alpha) wells, must contain the same concentration of DMSO, for single dose
screening. The plates are incubated at 37°C in a humidified 5% CO2 environment for three days.
On day four, the NTPII assay is quantitated. The medium is poured from the
plates and the plates are washed once in 200 ul of PBS. The PBS is then decanted and the plates
tapped in a paper towel to remove any remaining PBS. Cells are fixed in situ with 100 ul/well of
oled (—20°C) methanol: acetone (1:1) and the plates are placed at —20°C for 30 minutes.
The fixing solution is poured from the plates and the plates allowed to air—dry
completely (approximately one hour). The appearance of the dried cell layer is recorded and the
density of the cells in the toxic wells is scored with the naked eye. Alternatively cell viability
may be assessed using the MTS assay described below.
The wells are blocked with 200 ul of blocking solution (10% PBS; 3% NGS in
PBS) for 30 minutes at room temperature. The blocking solution is removed and 100 ul of rabbit
anti—NPTII diluted 1:1000 in blocking solution is added to each well. The plates are then
incubated 45—60 minutes at room temperature. After incubation, wells are washed six times with
PBS—0.05% Tween—20 solution. 100 ul of 1:15 ,000 diluted Europium (EU)—conjugated goat anti—
rabbit in ng buffer is added to each well and incubated at room temperature for 30—45
minutes. The plates are washed again and 100 ul of enhancement solution (Perkin Elmer #4001—
0010) is added to each well. Each plate is shaken (approx. 30 rpm) in a plate shaker for three
minutes. 95 ul is transferred from each well to a black plate; the EU signal is quantitated in a
Perkin—Elmer VICTOR plate reader nce).
When tested in this assay Compounds 11, 16, 25, 33, 38, 39, and 40 exhibit EC50
values of about 10 micromolar or less.
EXAMPLE 10. CYTOTOXICITY ASSAYS
To insure that the decrease in replicon replication is due to compound activity
against the HCV replicon rather than nonspecific toxicity assays are used to quantitate compound
cytotoxicity.
10A. Cellular protein albumin assay for cytotoxicity
Cellular protein albumin measurements provide one marker of cytotoxicity. The
protein levels obtained from cellular n assays may also be used to provide a normalization
reference for antiviral activity of compounds. In the protein albumin assay HCV on—
containing cells are treated for three days with different concentrations of helioxanthin; a
compound that is known to be cytotoxic at high concentrations. The cells are lysed and the cell
lysate used to bind plate—bound goat anti—albumin antibody at room temperature (25 0C to 28 0C)
for 3 hours. The plate is then washed 6 times with 1X PBS. After washing away the unbound
proteins, mouse monoclonal uman serum n is applied to bind the albumin on the
plate. The complex is then ed using phosphatase—labeled anti—mouse IgG as a second
10B. MTS Assay for xicity
Cell viability may also be determined by CELLTITER 96 AQUEOUS ONE
Solution Cell Proliferation Assay (Promega, Madison WI), a colorimetric assay for determining
the number of viable cells. In this method, before fixing the cells, 10—20 ul MTS t is
added to each well according to manufacturer's instructions, plates are incubated at 37°C and
read at OD 490 nm. During the incubation period living cells covert the MTS reagent to a
formazan product which absorbs at 490 nm. Thus the 490 nm absorbance is directly proportional
to the number of living cells in culture.
A direct comparison of the Cellular Albumin and MTS methods for determining
cytotoxicity may be obtained as s: Cells are treated with different concentrations of test
compound or Helioxanthin for a three day—period. Prior to lysis for detection n as
described above, the MTS reagent is added according to manufacturer's instruction to each well
and incubate at 37 0C and read at OD 490 nm. The cellular albumin quantitation is then
performed as described above.
Claims (17)
1. A compound of the formula -W-A-W-J1-R-T; T-R-J1-A-J1-R-T; T-R-J2-A-J2-R-T; T-R-J1-W-A-J1-R-T; T-R-J1-W-A-J2-R-T; or T-R-J1-A-J2-R-T; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein T is independently chosen from T1 or T2; T1 is –Y-Z, where Y is covalently bound to R and Y is a bond or C1-C4alkylene optionally substituted with oxo; and Z is a 5 or 6-membered heterocyclic group, each of which T1 is substituted with (i) at least one tuent selected from OH, -(C=O)NH2, -(C=O)H, -C1-C4alkoxy, C2-C4alkanoyl, C1-C4alkylester, lkenylester, and mono- or di- lkylcarboxamide and (ii) optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently chosen from halogen, hydroxyl, C1-C2alkyl, and C1-C2alkoxy; T2 is independently chosen at each occurrence from C2-C6alkanoyl, C1-C6alkylester, C1- nylester, C1-C6alkylsulfonamide, C1-C6alkylsulfonyl, C2-C6alkanoyl substituted with mono- or di-C1-C6hydrocarbylcarbamate, C2-C6alkanoyl substituted with urea or mono- or di- C1-C6alkylurea, and C2-C6alkanoyl substituted with mono- or di-C1-C6alkylcarboxamide, each of which T2 is ally substituted with 1 or more substituents independently chosen from amino, cyano, hydroxyl, halogen, (C1-C4alkoxy)C0-C4alkyl, (mono- and di-C1- C4alkylamino)C0-C4alkyl, C1-C6alkyl, thioalkyl)C0-C4alkyl, C3-C7cycloalkyl, phenyl, C1- C2haloalkyl, and C1-C2haloalkoxy; R is independently chosen at each occurrence from 4- to 6-membered rings containing one or two nitrogen atoms with remaining ring atoms being carbon, which R is saturated or contains 1 unsaturated bond and is optionally bridged with an methylene or ethylene bridge, or fused to a phenyl or 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl ring; and 6- to bered fused or spiro bicyclic ring systems containing one or two nitrogen atoms with remaining ring atoms being carbon, which 6- to 10-membered bicyclic ring is saturated or contains 1 unsaturated bond; each R is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently chosen from cyano, hydroxyl, halogen, C1-C2alkyl, C1-C2alkoxy, C1-C2haloalkyl, C1-C2haloalkyl, C1- alkylene, and C1-C2alkylsulfonyl; J1 is a group, where each J1 is optionally substituted with amino, cyano, hydroxyl, halogen, C1-C4alkyl, C1-C4alkoxy, mono- and di-C1-C4alkylamino, C1-C2haloalkyl, or C1-C2haloalkoxy; J2 is a benzimidazole group, wherein J2 is optionally substituted with one or more substituents ndently chosen from amino, cyano, hydroxyl, halogen, C1-C4alkyl, C1- C4alkoxy, mono- and di-C1-C4alkylamino, C1-C2haloalkyl, and C1-C2haloalkoxy; W is independently chosen at each occurrence and is a phenyl, pyridyl or alkynyl group, optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently chosen from amino, cyano, hydroxyl, n, C1-C4alkyl, C1-C4alkoxy, mono- and di-C1-C4alkylamino, C1-C2haloalkyl, and C1-C2haloalkoxy; and A is a group of the formula or , wherein Q is a neutral or cationic metal, each of which A is optionally tuted with one or more substituents independently chosen from halogen, C1-C2alkyl, and lkoxy; or A is a group of the formula , which A is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently chosen from halogen, C1-C2alkyl, and C1-C2alkoxy.
2. A compound or salt of claim 1, wherein A is
3. A compound or salt of claim 1, wherein A is
4. A nd or salt of any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein W is phenyl, optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently chosen from halogen, C1-C2alkyl, and C1-C2alkoxy.
5. A compound or salt of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein J1 is
6. A compound or salt of any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein J2 is a benzimidazole group, optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently chosen from halogen, C1- C2alkyl, and C1-C2alkoxy.
7. A compound or salt of any one of claims 1 to 6 n each R is ndently chosen from each of which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently chosen from halogen, C1-C4alkyl, and C1-C4alkoxy.
8. A compound or salt of any one of claims 1 to 6 wherein R is independently chosen from or .
9. A compound or salt of any one of claims 1 to 8 wherein T is independently chosen from C2-C6alkanoyl substituted with mono- or di-C1-C6alkylcarbamate, each of which T is optionally tuted with (C1-C4thioalkyl)C0-C4alkyl.
10. A compound or salt of claim 1, wherein the compound is NH O N N N N Fe O HN O , O O N NH N N O O O , O O N N NH N N O O , or O O N N NH Fe N HN N O O O .
11. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound or salt of any one of claims 1 to 10 together with a pharmaceutically able carrier.
12. The pharmaceutical ition of claim 11, wherein the composition comprises at least one additional active agent.
13. Use of a compound or salt of any one of claims 1 to 10 in the manufacture of a medicament for treating hepatitis C ion.
14. A compound as defined in claim 1 and substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to one or more of the accompanying examples.
15. A pharmaceutical composition sing a compound or salt of claim 14 together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
16. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 15, n the composition comprises at least one additional active agent.
17. Use of a compound or salt of claim 14 in the manufacture of a medicament for treating hepatitis C infection. Achillion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. by the patent attorneys for the applicant CULLENS
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201161490881P | 2011-05-27 | 2011-05-27 | |
US61/490,881 | 2011-05-27 | ||
US201161504905P | 2011-07-06 | 2011-07-06 | |
US61/504,905 | 2011-07-06 | ||
US201161567216P | 2011-12-06 | 2011-12-06 | |
US61/567,216 | 2011-12-06 | ||
NZ617102A NZ617102B2 (en) | 2011-05-27 | 2012-05-29 | Substituted aliphanes, cyclophanes, heteraphanes, heterophanes and hetero-heteraphanes useful for treating hcv infections |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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NZ703894A NZ703894A (en) | 2015-03-27 |
NZ703894B2 true NZ703894B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 |
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