NZ628429B2 - Method of employing enhanced penetration of wood preservatives to protect wood and a related solution - Google Patents
Method of employing enhanced penetration of wood preservatives to protect wood and a related solution Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NZ628429B2 NZ628429B2 NZ628429A NZ62842912A NZ628429B2 NZ 628429 B2 NZ628429 B2 NZ 628429B2 NZ 628429 A NZ628429 A NZ 628429A NZ 62842912 A NZ62842912 A NZ 62842912A NZ 628429 B2 NZ628429 B2 NZ 628429B2
- Authority
- NZ
- New Zealand
- Prior art keywords
- solution
- wood
- amine oxide
- buffering agent
- employing
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 230000002335 preservative Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M buffer Substances [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000003171 wood protecting agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000006172 buffering agent Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000010338 boric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000397 disodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000019800 disodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000855 fungicidal Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000749 insecticidal Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- QEEAPRPFLLJWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-K Potassium citrate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O QEEAPRPFLLJWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000417 fungicide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000015861 monopotassium citrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002444 monopotassium citrate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- PXAJQJMDEXJWFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone oxime Chemical compound CC(C)=NO PXAJQJMDEXJWFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940072107 Ascorbate Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- WYVVKGNFXHOCQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate Chemical compound CCCCNC(=O)OCC#CI WYVVKGNFXHOCQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- TYQCGQRIZGCHNB-JLAZNSOCSA-N L-ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(O)=C(O)C1=O TYQCGQRIZGCHNB-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium bicarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N disodium Chemical compound [Na][Na] QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940094025 potassium bicarbonate Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RKJRWTFHSA-M sodium ascorbate Substances [Na+].OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1[O-] PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RKJRWTFHSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000010378 sodium ascorbate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019187 sodium-L-ascorbate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 7
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- XOILGBPDXMVFIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(diiodomethylsulfonyl)-4-methylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)C(I)I)C=C1 XOILGBPDXMVFIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 alkyl dimethyl amine Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011008 sodium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019797 dipotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000396 dipotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RXSVEWSESA-M sodium-L-ascorbate Chemical compound [Na+].OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1[O-] PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RXSVEWSESA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 2qpq Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940027983 antiseptics and disinfectants Quaternary ammonium compounds Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- SYELZBGXAIXKHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lauryldimethylamine oxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)[O-] SYELZBGXAIXKHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ONHFWHCMZAJCFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Myristamine oxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)[O-] ONHFWHCMZAJCFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YWWNNLPSZSEZNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-dimethyldecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCN(C)C YWWNNLPSZSEZNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NHLUVTZJQOJKCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN(C)C NHLUVTZJQOJKCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NAPSCFZYZVSQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-dimethyloctadecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN(C)C NAPSCFZYZVSQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RSVIRMFSJVHWJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-dimethyloctan-1-amine oxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)[O-] RSVIRMFSJVHWJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Natural products OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229950010007 dimantine Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000996 additive Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 claims 2
- ONLRKTIYOMZEJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylmethanamine oxide Chemical compound C[NH+](C)[O-] ONLRKTIYOMZEJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002195 synergetic Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002708 enhancing Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 44
- 230000003139 buffering Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 6
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000002378 acidificating Effects 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000003385 sodium Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trisodium borate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002025 wood fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- UDSAIICHUKSCKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromophenol blue Chemical compound C1=C(Br)C(O)=C(Br)C=C1C1(C=2C=C(Br)C(O)=C(Br)C=2)C2=CC=CC=C2S(=O)(=O)O1 UDSAIICHUKSCKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000805 composite resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- RLLPVAHGXHCWKJ-HKUYNNGSSA-N (3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl (1R,3R)-3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CC1(C)[C@@H](C=C(Cl)Cl)[C@H]1C(=O)OCC1=CC=CC(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 RLLPVAHGXHCWKJ-HKUYNNGSSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TUBQDCKAWGHZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanylmethyl thiocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(SCSC#N)=NC2=C1 TUBQDCKAWGHZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005906 Imidacloprid Substances 0.000 description 2
- YWTYJOPNNQFBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Imidacloprid Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)\N=C1/NCCN1CC1=CC=C(Cl)N=C1 YWTYJOPNNQFBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IZUPBVBPLAPZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentachlorophenol Chemical compound OC1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1Cl IZUPBVBPLAPZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960000490 Permethrin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000005822 Propiconazole Substances 0.000 description 2
- STJLVHWMYQXCPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propiconazole Chemical compound O1C(CCC)COC1(C=1C(=CC(Cl)=CC=1)Cl)CN1N=CN=C1 STJLVHWMYQXCPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005839 Tebuconazole Substances 0.000 description 2
- PXMNMQRDXWABCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tebuconazole Chemical compound C1=NC=NN1CC(O)(C(C)(C)C)CCC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 PXMNMQRDXWABCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WAURUVYPBKAYTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K [Na+].[K+].[K+].OC(CC([O-])=O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O Chemical compound [Na+].[K+].[K+].OC(CC([O-])=O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O WAURUVYPBKAYTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 2
- BWKOZPVPARTQIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanium;hydron;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC([O-])=O BWKOZPVPARTQIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940056881 imidacloprid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001264 neutralization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- KPTYMLNTUAKIEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;carbonic acid;dihydrogen borate Chemical compound [Na+].OB(O)[O-].OC(O)=O KPTYMLNTUAKIEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010875 treated wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000406 trisodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019801 trisodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- YASYEJJMZJALEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid;hydrate Chemical compound O.OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O YASYEJJMZJALEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NAVWVHRQSDHCHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O NAVWVHRQSDHCHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CAQZHWGBHJFEGM-UHFFFAOYSA-L C(CC(O)(C(=O)O)CC(=O)O)(=O)[O-].[K+].[OH-].[K+] Chemical compound C(CC(O)(C(=O)O)CC(=O)O)(=O)[O-].[K+].[OH-].[K+] CAQZHWGBHJFEGM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- GHCLTVABZQAKDD-UHFFFAOYSA-M C(O)([O-])=O.[K+].C(O)(O)=O.C(O)(O)=O Chemical compound C(O)([O-])=O.[K+].C(O)(O)=O.C(O)(O)=O GHCLTVABZQAKDD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000005747 Chlorothalonil Substances 0.000 description 1
- CRQQGFGUEAVUIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorothalonil Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(C#N)=C(Cl)C(C#N)=C1Cl CRQQGFGUEAVUIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004643 Cupric oxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000014466 Douglas bleu Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HWPKGOGLCKPRLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Monosodium citrate Chemical compound [Na+].OC(=O)CC(O)(C([O-])=O)CC(O)=O HWPKGOGLCKPRLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000008577 Pinus radiata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000218621 Pinus radiata Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000183024 Populus tremula Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000001416 Pseudotsuga menziesii Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005386 Pseudotsuga menziesii var menziesii Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000016976 Quercus macrolepis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000305267 Quercus macrolepis Species 0.000 description 1
- 229940001496 Tribasic Sodium Phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- APQHKWPGGHMYKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tributyltin oxide Chemical compound CCCC[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC APQHKWPGGHMYKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GJAAYKDHKIDENS-UHFFFAOYSA-K [K+].[K+].[K+].OC(O)=O.OC([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].OC(O)=O.OC([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O GJAAYKDHKIDENS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- WJNPBQYRHYAZIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Na+].[Na+].OB([O-])[O-].OC(O)=O Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OB([O-])[O-].OC(O)=O WJNPBQYRHYAZIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PFMBRNMAXCVTIV-UHFFFAOYSA-K [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].OC([O-])=O.OC([O-])=O.OC([O-])=O Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].OC([O-])=O.OC([O-])=O.OC([O-])=O PFMBRNMAXCVTIV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- TVSNLKBHWRUVHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [OH-].C(CC(O)(C(=O)O)CC(=O)[O-])(=O)O.[NH4+].[NH4+] Chemical compound [OH-].C(CC(O)(C(=O)O)CC(=O)[O-])(=O)O.[NH4+].[NH4+] TVSNLKBHWRUVHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- DPUCRHZKMVCHLV-UHFFFAOYSA-M azanium;potassium;3-carboxy-3-hydroxypentanedioate Chemical compound [NH4+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(C(=O)O)CC([O-])=O DPUCRHZKMVCHLV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000003851 azoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001045 blue dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atoms Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- BWZAMCHSRYAIBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O.OC(O)=O.OC(O)=O BWZAMCHSRYAIBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940116318 copper carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940120693 copper naphthenate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GEZOTWYUIKXWOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;carbonate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]C([O-])=O GEZOTWYUIKXWOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 101710003427 cut-4 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- UZLGHNUASUZUOR-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium;3-carboxy-3-hydroxypentanedioate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OC(=O)CC(O)(C([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O UZLGHNUASUZUOR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XGZRAKBCYZIBKP-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Na+].[Na+] XGZRAKBCYZIBKP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011094 fiberboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatoms Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004680 hydrogen peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxyl anion Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000001034 iron oxide pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- QDHHCQZDFGDHMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N monochloramine Chemical compound ClN QDHHCQZDFGDHMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000018342 monosodium citrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002524 monosodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000643 oven drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008048 phenylpyrazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011120 plywood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001184 potassium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SDRZXZKXVBHREH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;dihydrogen phosphate;phosphoric acid Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)(O)=O.OP(O)([O-])=O SDRZXZKXVBHREH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YBBJKCMMCRQZMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrithione Chemical compound ON1C=CC=CC1=S YBBJKCMMCRQZMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002026 pyrithione Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001044 red dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DFIWJEVKLWMZBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;dihydrogen phosphate;phosphoric acid Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)(O)=O.OP(O)([O-])=O DFIWJEVKLWMZBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XYNOIUSAGKNPHO-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;hydrogen carbonate;phosphoric acid Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O.OP(O)(O)=O XYNOIUSAGKNPHO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000488 structural defect Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JWZXKXIUSSIAMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiocyanatomethyl thiocyanate Chemical compound N#CSCSC#N JWZXKXIUSSIAMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YWYZEGXAUVWDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N triammonium citrate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O YWYZEGXAUVWDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Abstract
method of enhancing penetration of wood preservatives includes providing a solution including (a) at least one amine oxide, (b) at least one amine oxide wood preservative and (c) a dual buffer, the solution being free of any borates, boric acid or borax. The solution preferably has a pH of about 7 to 10. to 10.
Description
METHOD OF EMPLOYING ENHANCED PENETRATION OF WOOD
PRESERVATIVES TO PROTECT WOOD AND A RELATED SOLUTION
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an improved method of effecting enhanced penetration
of wood preservatives into wood and, more specifically, it relates to such a method which
employs a buffered compound which facilitates enhanced penetration of wood preservatives into
the wood.
2. Description of the Prior Art
It has been known for many years to treat wood with materials which will protect the
wood from deterioration. Among such approaches have been surface painting or the use of
materials which will penetrate into the wood as by pressure impregnation or vacuum application.
Among the materials used are fungicides, insecticides, decay-resisting materials, stain-resisting
materials, weather proofing materials and others. See, for example, United States Patent
Nos. 4,879,083; 4,950,685; 5,468,284; 5,763,338; 5,833,741; 5,855,817; 5,972,266; 6,416,789
and 6,582,732.
In pressure and vacuum methods, the wood is treated with water or solvents that carry
preservatives. The pressure or vacuum methods cause the wood to pick up large amounts of these
carriers and, as a result, require kiln drying or oven drying or long-term air drying to allow the
wood to be useful. Such drying of pressure or vacuum-treated wood using water as a carrier can
cause structural defects such as warping, cracking and checking.
It has been known to suggest the use of amine oxides in combination with other
materials in wood preservatives. See, for example, United States Patent Nos. 6,274,199;
6,375,727; 6,448,279 and 6,527,981.
It has also been known to introduce into woods materials for fire-retardant properties.
United States Patent No. 6,811,731 discloses fire retardant protection achieved by treating green
wood with a phosphate/borate.
It has also been known to suggest the combination of an amine oxide with a boron
compound with the boron compound employed in a large enough amount to function as a
preservative in wood. See United States Patent No. 5,846,305; United States Published Patent
Application No. 2002/0065206, now United States Patent No. 6,508,869.
In the use of known prior art systems which required pressure impregnation or vacuum,
capital investment for the equipment needed to achieve the desired pressure relationship
influenced the economics of introduction of wood-preservative materials. Also, some prior art
systems employed volatile solvents which presented environmentally undesirable conditions. In
addition, such solvents added to the cost of such procedures. An example of such undesirable
materials is petroleum distillates.
United States Patent No. 7,655,281 discloses a method of protecting wood through
enhanced penetration of wood preservatives by providing a solution which includes at least one
amine oxide, at least one organic wood preservative, and a buffering agent. The buffering agent
is selected from the group consisting of borates, boric acids, and combinations thereof.
There remains, therefore, a need for alternate means for effectively achieving the
desired level of penetration of wood preservatives while having favorable economic aspects and
avoiding risks to human health and environmentally-undesirable conditions.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention has met the hereinbefore-described needs.
The method of the present invention permits enhanced penetration of wood
preservatives through the use of solutions having a buffered pH above the pH of the wood
achieved through the use of a combination of an amine oxide and a non-borate buffering agent.
In a preferred practice of the method, a solution is created with at least one amine oxide
along with the wood preservative which is to be applied to the wood and a buffering agent. This
solution has a pH of about 5 to 12.4 and preferably about 7 to 10 and most preferably about 7 to
8.5. It is applied to the surface of the wood. With or without intervening storage, activation
results in the amine oxide and the buffering agent in the solution combining to enhance
penetration into the wood of one or more wood preservatives. It is preferred that the application
be at a solution temperature of about 30°C to 75°C and that the activation be at a higher
temperature in a high relative humidity environment. The wood may also be heated before
and/or after application of the solution to enhance penetration.
When a plurality of wood preservatives are employed, the depth of penetration of each
may be to a different level, but, in general, would be enhanced as compared with introduction of
the wood preservatives without the combination of the buffering agent and amine oxide present.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved method for enhancing
depth of penetration into wood of wood preservatives.
It is another object of the present invention to provide such a method which does not
require the use of pressure impregnation, vacuum systems or undesirable, volatile materials.
It is another object of the present invention to eliminate the redrying step required in
prior art pressure and vacuum methods wherein water or a solvent carried the preservatives.
It is yet another object of the invention to provide such a method which can be
employed on “green” lumber, i.e., lumber which contains undried sap or other green wood-based
products in order to enhance penetration.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide such a method wherein the
wood to which the solution of the present invention has been applied may be stored for a
significant period of time prior to a further activation stage.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a solution for use in the method
of the invention or a concentrate containing some or all of the desired compounds which can be
diluted to create the desired solution with or without the addition of other compounds
employable in the method.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide such a method which effects
rapid penetration of the wood preservatives into the wood.
It is another object of the invention to provide such a method which may involve
heating at least one of (a) the wood prior to treatment, (b) the solution, and (c) the treated wood.
It is another object of the present invention to provide such a method which is usable
on a wide variety of types of wood and resists undesired grain raising.
It is yet another object of the present invention to employ a non-borate based buffering
agent in an amount effective for the desired buffering, but preferably not in the higher amount
needed for the buffering agent to function as a preservative.
These and other objects of the invention will be more fully understood from the
following description of the invention on reference to the illustration appended hereto.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The Figure is a schematic illustration of a cross-section of a portion of a wood sample.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
As employed herein, the terms “buffering agent” and “non-borate based buffering
agent” mean buffers which have a combination of a weak acid, with a strong base or a strong
base with a weak acid, or a weak acid and weak base and contains no substantial amount of
borates, boric acid, or borax and shall expressly include, but not be limited to, buffers selected
from the group consisting of citric acid/monopotassium citrate, ammonium/ammonia, potassium
phosphate monobasic/potassium phosphate dibasic, monopotassium citrate/dipotassium citrate,
monosodium ascorbate/disodium ascorbate, sodium bicarbonate/sodium carbonate,
acetoxime/water, mononegative lysine/dinegative lysine, sodium phosphate monobasic/sodium
phosphate dibasic, sodium phosphate dibasic/sodium phosphate tribasic, and potassium
bicarbonate/potassium carbonate.
As employed herein, the term “wood-” means wood, wood-based materials, wood fiber
materials, forest products, timber, lumber, engineered wood, millwork, joinery, wood laminates,
laminated veneer lumber, plywood, laminated strand lumber, wood fiber composites, medium
density fiberboard, particle board, hard board, oriented strand board, wood fiber resin
composites, wood strand resin composites, wood particle resin composites and other wood and
wood fiber-based materials and fabricated and semi-fabricated items made therefrom.
As employed herein, the term "wood preservatives" means organic compounds, halo-
organic compounds, metalo-organic compounds, metallic salts and organo-salts,
organophosphates and non-organoboron compounds having fungicidal, insecticidal, water-
resistant, termite-resisting, decay-resisting, stain-resisting or other wood-protective properties.
As used herein, the term "amine oxide" or "amine oxide compound" refers to those
compounds which are formed as reaction products in the reaction of tertiary amines and
hydrogen peroxides and are represented by the general formula:
where R , R , and R are independent and can be a linear, branched, cyclic, aromatic or any
1 2 3
combination thereof of saturated or unsaturated C to C group and any C -C carbon atom can
1 20 2 20
be replaced with a hetero-atom selected from the group consisting of O, S and N.
Preferred amine oxides are alkyl dimethyl amine oxides such as decyl dimethyl amine
oxide, lauryl dimethyl amine oxide, isoalkyl dimethyl amine oxide, myristyl dimethyl amine
oxide, cetyl dimethyl amine oxide, stearyl dimethyl amine oxide and octyl dimethyl amine oxide.
Most preferred is N-alkyl (C -C )-N,N-dimethylamine oxide (ADO).
12 16
A buffering agent can be defined as an aqueous solution consisting of a mixture of a
weak acid and its conjugate base or its weak base and conjugate acid. It has a property that the
pH of the solution changes very little when a small amount of strong acid or strong base is
added. Buffer solutions are used as a means of keeping pH at a nearly constant value in a wide
range of chemical operations. In the present invention, the buffer helps to maintain a neutral-to-
basic pH in the presence of the acids naturally present in the wood. As the pH of wood is
typically around 5.4, the preferred buffering capacity should be above a pH of 5.4 in order to
achieve maximum penetration. It will generally be about 5 to 12.4 and preferably about 7 to 10
and most preferably about 7 to 8.5, thereby putting it in the range to offset the inherent acidity in
the wood. A dual buffering system generally consists of two different buffering agents, each
with their own weak acid/conjugate base or weak base/conjugate acid or weak acid/weak base
pairs, which combine to provide the desired pH.
In a preferred method of the present invention, a solution contains one or more amine
oxides along with a buffering agent and at least one wood preservative with the solution having a
pH of about 5 to 12.4 and preferably about 7 to 10 and most preferably about 7 to 8.5.
Below a pH of 7, the maximum penetration effectiveness is not achieved and above a
pH of 10, the wood properties may be damaged. Natural woods have a pH in the acid range. For
example, oak, Douglas fir, aspen and pine have pH's in the range of about 4.0 to 5.5.
A wide variety of amine oxides in the context of wood preservation have been known.
See, for example, United States Patent Nos. 6,343,084; 6,375,727; 6,416,789; 5,833,741;
6,527,981; 6,572,788; 6,508,869 and United States Patent Application Serial No. 10/351,021,
which became United States Published Patent Application Serial No. 20040248973, now United
States Patent No. 7,056,919, the disclosures of which are expressly incorporated herein by
reference.
If desired, the materials may be provided in concentrate form in a solution of a suitable
solvent, such as water, with the final solution to be applied being created by adding additional
solvent and mixing the same in order to minimize shipping and storing of the solvent volume
required to make up the difference between the concentrate solvent volume and the final solution
solvent volume.
The solution preferably contains about 0.11 to 70 weight percent of one or more amine
oxides and most preferably about 1 to 20 weight percent. The buffering agent is present in about
3 to 80 weight percent and preferably about 3 to 30 weight percent, all based on weight of total
solution. The wood preservative is present in about 3 ppm to 50 weight percent based on weight
of total solution and preferably about 20 ppm to 5,000 ppm. The solution is in water or another
suitable solvent such as ethanol or ethylene glycol, for example.
The materials may be provided in the form of a concentrate which will be diluted prior
to application to achieve the foregoing relationships.
The solution is applied to the wood by any desired means such as spraying, rolling on
or dipping, for example. If desired, amounts of pressure or vacuum without totally filling the
wood with liquid could be employed. The wood so treated may be stored for a period of time
before activation or may be activated promptly thereafter by treatment at an elevated temperature
in a high relative humidity environment. Application may be achieved at any temperature
between ambient and boiling temperature, but in the preferred approach to the invention, the
application will be achieved at a temperature of about 30 C to 75 C and preferably at a
temperature of about 50 C to 60°C. Activation is preferably achieved over a period of at least 8
hours at ambient temperature to steam temperature and preferably at about 70 C to 95°C and at a
relative humidity of about 60 to 100% and preferably about 80 to 100%. It is preferred to
preheat the wood to about 8°C to 230°C and most preferably at about 12°C to 100°C.
It will be appreciated that more than one buffering agent, amine oxide or wood
preservative may be employed and the ranges set forth herein refer to each category with a single
compound or a combination of compounds.
The balance of the solution may be a suitable solvent such as water, ethanol or ethylene
glycol, for example, or any desired additives such as water repellants, waxes, such as paraffin
wax, for example, polymers, silicones and combinations thereof. A suitable wax-polymer
emulsion is that sold under the trademark WRS-3 by Kop-Coat, Inc.
If desired, a suitable coloring agent such as an iron oxide pigment dispersion, red dye
or phantom blue dye as offered under the trade designation Day Glo or others may be employed.
If desired, glycols and other additives which help solubilize materials such as the
buffering agent, amine oxides, wood preservatives, water repellants and the like may be
employed.
Also, additives such as glycols and alcohols which serve as solvents and may be
employed in quantities of about 5 to 40 weight percent based on total solution. Among the
suitable glycols are ethylene glycol, propylene glycol or polyethylene glycol.
The process of the present invention has been found to provide deeper and more rapid
penetration than processes which do not employ such a solution. Enhanced performance may be
achieved by applying heat to the wood before or after application or to the solution or by
combinations thereof. The solution also may be applied without requiring prior art pressure
impregnation or the use of vacuum conditions or undesirable, potentially health-hazardous and
environmentally undesirable volatile solvents such as petroleum distillates.
Among the wood preservatives usable in the present invention are 3-iodopropynyl
butyl carbamate (IPBC), diiodomethyl-p-tolylsulfone (DIMPTS), halogenated organics, azoles,
quaternary ammonium compounds, isothiazalones, metallic organics, borates, copper
naphthenate, copper oxide, copper carbonate, tributyltin oxide, zinc omadine, salts of organics
and metallorganics. The amount of these wood preservatives to be employed will be well known
to those skilled in the art with the two additional compounds of the present invention expediting
the rate of penetration into the wood. Within this group, insecticides such as synthetic
pyrethroids, nicotinimides, organophosphates, phenylpyrazoles and others, for example, may be
employed. Among the suitable insecticides are at least one material selected from the group
consisting of nicotinimides, synthetic pyrethroids, borates and combinations thereof. Those
skilled in the art will know the conventional quantities of the insecticides which may be
employed.
Fungicides such as chlorothalonil, 2-(thiocyanomethylthio)benzothiazole (TCMTB),
methylene bisthiocyanate, bethoxazins, DIMPTS (diiodomethyl-p-tolylsulfone), IPBC (3-iodo
propynyl butyl carbamate), triazoles, borates, isothiazalones, phenols, quaternary ammonium
compounds and combinations thereof and others, for example, may be employed. Those skilled
in the art will know well the conventional quantities of fungicides to be introduced into the
wood.
It will be appreciated that when a plurality of wood preservatives are employed in the
process of the present invention, different preservatives may penetrate to different depths of the
wood than others. Also, depending upon the wood and its inherent wood pH and other
characteristics of a specific wood and target penetration, it may be desirable within the range to
modify the pH of the solution.
In another approach to the invention, the wood to which the solution has been applied
may be stacked and penetration attained by wrapping the warm, freshly coated substrate stacks in
an air-impervious material such as a suitable resinous plastic sheet and allowing it to stand at
ambient temperature for 8 hours to three days. Additional penetration may be achieved thereafter
through the activation process.
Another benefit of the present invention is that the wood surface appears to be clean
and dry with no substantial undesirable grain raising.
The method of the present invention may be practiced in an in-line manner to process
the wood efficiently while avoiding undesired forces such as would exist in pressurized
treatment which may cause a straight board to depart from its desired straight configuration.
The wood may also be engineered wood or laminated wood having a glued layer or
substantial amount of glue or resin therein with the method effecting penetration of the wood
preservative through the glue or resin.
The method may be performed on wood with any amount of moisture content
including green (wet) wood and on wood which has moisture at a level which does not exceed
the fiber saturation point of the wood and on dry wood.
EXAMPLES
Various buffering systems were prepared by dissolving the appropriate reagents into
one liter of deionized water. All buffering solutions were formulated to be between 0.5 molar
and 1.0 molar in their final concentrations. Table 1 recites the composition of the buffering
systems used in this study. A treating concentrate was prepared as outlined in Table 2. The
buffering systems were then combined with the treating concentrate and deionized water to make
2 liters of treatment solution. The composition of each treatment solution is given in Table 3.
TABLE 1
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF BUFFER SYSTEMS
ACIDIC COMPONENTS BASIC COMPONENTS
BUFFER SYSTEM
AMOUNT NAME AMOUNT NAME
Potassium Citric Acid/Monopotassium
1.0 Mole Citric Acid 0.5 Mole
Hydroxide Citrate
Ammonium Ammonium
1.0 Mole 1.0 Mole Ammonium/Ammonia
Chloride Hydroxide
Potassium Potassium
Potassium Phosphate Monobasic/
1.0 Mole Phosphate 1.0 Mole Phosphate
Potassium Phosphate Dibasic
Monobasic Dibasic
Potassium Monopotassium Citrate/
1.0 Mole Citric Acid 1.5 Mole
Hydroxide Dipotassium Citrate
Ascorbic Sodium Monosodium Ascorbate/
1.0 Mole 1.5 Mole
Acid Hydroxide Disodium Ascorbate
Sodium Sodium Sodium Bicarbonate/Sodium
1.0 Mole 1.0 Mole
Bicarbonate Carbonate Carbonate
3.7 Mole Boric Acid 0.7 Mole Borax Standard Tru-Core
1.0 Mole Acetoxime Excess Water Acetoxime/Water
Sodium Mononegative Lysine/
1.0 Mole Lysine 1.5 Mole
Hydroxide Dinegative Lysine
Sodium Sodium
Sodium Phosphate Monobasic/
1.0 Mole Phosphate 1.0 Mole Phosphate
Sodium Phosphate Dibasic
Monobasic Dibasic
Potassium Potassium Potassium Bicarbonate/
1.0 Mole 1.0 Mole
Bicarbonate Carbonate Potassium Carbonate
(Dual Buffer)
1.0 Mole Ammonium 1.0 Mole Citrate Ammonium/Ammonia
Citrate/Monosodium Citrate
Finger-jointed, edge-glued, end-sealed Radiate pine boards (12” x 5.4” x 0.76”) were
treated with each treatment solution listed in Table 3 by dipping into the hot (60-65°C) solution
for one second. Boards were then wrapped under plastic for a 24-hour activation period.
The ingredients and molar relationships of each of the buffering systems are shown in
Table 1. This buffering system is to be combined with the treating concentrate as set forth in
Table 2. It will be noted that, in Table 2, the wood preservative and amine oxide are both
provided. In this example, an amine oxide, which was coco-dimethylamine oxide, available
under the trademark DELTA 2000, was present in the amount of 48.5%. The alkane diol is a
glycol and functions as a “solvent.” The TIMBERTREAT N-98 is a trademark for imidacloprid,
which is an insecticide. TIMBERTREAT T is a trademark for tebuconazole, which is a
fungicide. D-282 is an ultraviolet, optical brightener, which is a dye. TIMBERTREAT D is a
trademark for an IPBC which functions as a fungicide. TIMBERTREAT ICP-5 is a trademark
for permethrin, which functions as an insecticide. WOODTREAT 10 is a trademark for
propiconazole, which functions as a fungicide.
TABLE 2
TREATING CONCENTRATE
INGREDIENT PERCENT BY WEIGHT
Alkane diol 39.4
Timbertreat N-98 (imidacloprid) 0.5
Timbertreat T (tebuconazole) 0.4
D-282 (UV optical brightener) 0.1
Timbertreat D (IPBC) 6.2
Timbertreat ICP-5 (permethrin) 0.8
Woodtreat 10 (propiconazole) 4.1
Delta 2000 (coco-dimethylamine oxide) 48.5
TOTAL 100.0
Table 3 shows the composition of the treating solution with the buffer system identified
in the left-hand column followed by the weight percent buffer (Table 1), the weight percent
treating concentrate (Table 2), and the weight percent water.
TABLE 3
COMPOSITION OF TREATING SOLUTIONS
WEIGHT PERCENT WEIGHT PERCENT WEIGHT
BUFFER SYSTEM
BUFFER TREATING CONCENTRATE PERCENT WATER
Citric Acid /
50 17 33
Monopotassium Citrate
Ammonium/Ammonia 50 17 33
Potassium Phosphate
Monobasic/Potassium 50 17 33
Phosphate Dibasic
Monopotassium Citrate/
50 17 33
Dipotassium Citrate
Monosodium Ascorbate/
50 17 33
Disodium Ascorbate
Sodium Bicarbonate/
50 17 33
Sodium Carbonate
Sodium Borate/Boric Acid
50 17 33
(Standard System)
No Buffer (Control System) 0 17 83
Acetoxime/Water 50 17 33
Mononegative Lysine/
50 17 33
Dinegative Lysine
Sodium Phosphate
Monobasic/Sodium 50 17 33
Phosphate Dibasic
Potassium Bicarbonate/
50 17 33
Potassium Carbonate
(Dual Buffer)
50 17 33
Ammonium Citrate
After the activation period, 1” thick cross sections were cut 4” from the sealed end of
each board for measurement of penetration of active ingredients. Each cross section was then
heated in an oven at 175°C for ten minutes. After removal from the oven, a bromophenol blue
indicator solution (0.4%) was applied to each cross sectional face.
The bromophenol blue indicator changes color from light green to dark blue in the
presence of the amine oxides present in the treating solution. As a result, the degree of
penetration of the amine oxides can be monitored by noting the depth of the dark blue color
present in each cross sectional face.
After the bromophenol blue indicator had been present on the face of each cross
sectional sample for five minutes, a marker was used to trace the depth of penetration of the
amine oxide toward the center of each sample. A calibrated micrometer was then used to
measure the distance between the edge of the sample and the marker space. The distances are
indicated by zone numbers with zone 1 being the outermost zone, zone 2 being the next
innermost zone, and zone 3 being the innermost zone. Penetration to the line between the two
zone 3 regions would be regarded as 100% penetration. Two measurements (in inches) were
made per side by determining the two deepest penetration points. Two separate measurements
were used to assure that no one maximum would skew the results on a given sample of wood.
Five samples of wood were measured for each treatment, and the results were then averaged.
Since all samples had a cross-sectional thickness of 0.755 inch, full penetration to the center of
the piece would be 0.378 inch.
TABLE 4
INITIAL BUFFER STUDY
BUFFERED PH AVERAGE PENETRATION
BUFFER SYSTEM
(TREATING SOLUTION) IN. (PERCENT)
Citric Acid/Monopotassium Citrate 3.3 0.199 (53%)
Ammonium/Ammonia 8.3 0.227 (60%)
Potassium Phosphate Monobasic/
7.0 0.218 (58%)
Potassium Phosphate Dibasic
Monopotassium Citrate/
4.9 0.195 (52%)
Dipotassium Citrate
Monosodium Ascorbate/Disodium
.5 0.226 (60%)
Ascorbate
Sodium Bicarbonate/Sodium
9.7 0.301 (80%)
Carbonate
Sodium Borate/
7.6 0.330 (87%)
Boric Acid (Standard System)
No Buffer (Control System) N/A 0.210 (56%)
The results of the initial buffer study are presented in Table 4. Treating solutions
having pH ranges of 3.3 (strongly acidic) to 10.5 (strongly basic) were evaluated. As expected,
those systems having pH values of 7.0 and above (neutral to basic) achieved deeper penetration
of the amine oxides compared to the control system (no buffer). Those buffer systems with pH
values below 7.0 (acidic) failed to achieve penetration of the amine oxide compared to the
control system (no buffer). It is noted that there is a significant correlation between the pH and
choice of buffer with the average penetration expressed in inches and in percentages. For
example, the citric acid/monopotassium citrate had a 3.3 pH, which is strongly acidic, penetrated
0.199 inch. The sample without buffer penetrated 0.210 inch. Considering as a standard system
the sodium borate/boric acid at a pH of 7.6, which is slightly basic, the penetration was 0.330
inch or 87%. The sodium bicarbonate/sodium carbonate had a pH of 9.7, penetrated 80% or
0.301 inch, and the monosodium ascorbate/disodium ascorbate had a pH of 10.5 and penetrated
60% or 0.226 inch .
The results of a second series of tests are shown in Table 5. These tests employed the
method described above and used only buffering systems which produced buffered treating
solutions in the neutral to basic range. In this test, the sample without a buffer penetrated 44% or
0.167 inch, while the sodium borate/boric acid standard system had a pH of 7.7 and penetrated
0.288 inch or 76%. The acetoxime/water buffer had a pH of 7.7 and penetrated 65% or 0.247
inch, and the mononegative lysine/dinegative lysine had a pH of 10.5 and penetrated 60% or
0.227 inch. Potassium bicarbonate / potassium carbonate had a pH of 10.1 and penetrated 0.241
inch or 64%. These tests show that all of the buffering systems having a pH above 7.7 achieved
better penetration into the wood than the control system which contains no buffer.
TABLE 5
SECOND BUFFER STUDY
BUFFERED PH AVERAGE PENETRATION
BUFFER SYSTEM
(TREATING SOLUTION) IN. (PERCENT)
Acetoxime/Water 7.7 0.247 (65%)
Mononegative Lysine/Dinegative
.5 0.227 (60%)
Lysine
Sodium Phosphate Monobasic/
6.8 0.197 (52%)
Sodium Phosphate Dibasic
Potassium Bicarbonate/Potassium
.1 0.241 (64%)
Carbonate
Sodium Borate/Boric Acid
7.7 0.288 (76%)
(Standard System)
No Buffer (Control System) N/A 0.167 (44%)
A third series of tests were conducted employing the same methods as discussed above.
The purpose of the third study was twofold – to expand the buffering systems in the basic pH
range and to demonstrate the ability of some of the systems to achieve 100% penetration of the
substrate. Basic buffering systems were prepared using the method described above. The dual
buffer system, although not basic, was included in the study to evaluate its effectiveness. These
were then combined with water and the treating concentrate in the ratios described in Table 3 and
used to treat the Radiata Pine boards as described in the experimental method. In this third
series, the main difference was that the activation period was increased from 24 hours to 120
hours. The results are shown in Table 6. It is noted that the sodium borate / boric acid standard
system had a pH of 7.5 and a penetration of 94% or .0356 inch, while the no buffer control
system had a penetration of 53% or 0.201 inch. The potassium bicarbonate/potassium carbonate
had a pH of 10.3 and increased from 64% in penetration Table 5 to 69% of penetration in Table 6
suggesting that the increased activation period was beneficial to the result. Sodium phosphate
dibasic/sodium phosphate tribasic had a pH of 10.0 and 80% penetration. Sodium phosphate
monobasic monobasic/sodium phosphate dibasic had a pH of 8.1 and 93% penetration.
TABLE 6
THIRD BUFFER STUDY
BUFFERED PH AVERAGE PENETRATION
BUFFER SYSTEM
(TREATING SOLUTION) IN. (PERCENT)
Monosodium Ascorbate/Disodium
11.5 0.156 (41%)
Ascorbate
Potassium Bicarbonate/Potassium
.3 0.259 (69%)
Carbonate
Sodium Phosphate Dibasic/Sodium
.0 0.302 (80%)
Phosphate Tribasic
Sodium Phosphate Monobasic/
8.1 0.352 (93%)
Sodium Phosphate Dibasic
Sodium Borate/
7.5 0.356 (94%)
Boric Acid (Standard System)
(Dual Buffer) Ammonium Citrate 5.5 0.257 (68%)
No Buffer (Control System) N/A 0.201 (53%)
100% penetration was attained in 1 of 4 samples.
100% penetration was attained in 3 of 4 samples.
It will be appreciated from the foregoing that the non-borate buffer systems of the
present invention can be employed to achieve penetrations in excess of 60% and as high as
100%.
Whereas particular embodiments of the invention have been described herein, for
purposes of illustration, it will be evident to those skilled in the art that numerous variations of
the details may be made without departing from the invention as defined in the appended claims.
In the
Claims (23)
1. A wood preservative solution comprising at least one amine oxide and at least one wood preservative and a non-borate dual buffering agent with the balance being at least one suitable solvent, and selecting said buffering agent from the group consisting of (a) a mixture of a weak acid with its conjugate base and (b) a mixture of a weak base and its conjugate acid and contains no substantial amount of borates, boric acid or borax, whereby the interaction of the amine oxide with the non-borate dual buffering agent will have a synergistic effect to effect a greater depth of penetration.
2. The solution of Claim 1 including said non-borate dual buffering agent selected from the group consisting of citric acid/monopotassium citrate, ammonium/ammonia, potassium phosphate monobasic/potassium phosphate dibasic, monopotassium citrate/dipotassium citrate, monosodium ascorbate/disodium ascorbate, sodium bicarbonate/sodium carbonate, acetoxime/water, mononegative lysine/dinegative lysine, sodium phosphate monobisic/sodium phosphate dibasic, and potassium bicarbonate/potassium carbonate, and, employing water as said solvent.
3. The solution of Claim 1 including said amine oxide being selected from the group of alkyl dimethyl amine oxides, decyl dimethyl amine oxide, lauryl dimethyl amine oxide, isoalkyl dimethyl amine oxide, myristyl dimethyl amine oxide, cetyl dimethyl amine oxide, stearyl dimethyl amine oxide, octyl dimethyl amine oxide and N-alkyl(C -C )-N,N- 12 16 dimethylamine oxide (ADO) and combinations thereof.
4. The solution of Claim 1 including said solution having a pH of about 5 to 12.4.
5. The solution of Claim 1 including employing said buffering agent in an amount of about 3 to 80 weight percent based on total solution weight.
6. The solution of Claim 1 including employing said amine oxide in an amount of about 0.11 to 70 weight percent based on total solution weight.
7. The solution of Claim 1 including employing said wood preservative in an amount of about 3 ppm to 50 weight percent based on total solution weight.
8. The solution of Claim 1 including employing said buffering agent in a weight percent of about 3 to 30 percent based on total solution weight.
9. The solution of Claim 1 including employing said amine oxide in a weight percent of about 1 to 20 percent based on total solution weight.
10. The solution of Claim 1 including employing as said solution a solution having a pH of about 7 to 10.
11. The solution of Claim 1 including employing at least one solvent additive in said solution.
12. The solution of Claim 1 including said wood preservative being present in amount of about 20 ppm to 5000 ppm.
13. The solution of Claim 11 including said solvent additive selected from the group consisting of glycols, alcohols and combinations thereof.
14. The solution of Claim 1 including said wood being a wood selected from the group consisting of engineered wood and laminated wood having a glued layer or substantial amount of glue therein.
15. The solution of Claim 1 including said wood preservative including at least one fungicide.
16. The solution of Claim 15 including said fungicide selected from the group consisting of 3-iodopropynyl butyl carbamate, diiodomethyl-p-tolylsulfone, triazoles, isothiazalones, phenols, quaternary ammonium compounds and combinations thereof.
17. The solution of Claim 1 including said wood preservatives including at least one insecticide.
18. The solution of Claim 17 including said insecticide including at least one material selected from the group consisting of nicotinimides, pyrethroids and combinations thereof.
19. The solution of Claim 1 including a water repellent.
20. The solution of Claim 19 including said water repellent including a wax- polymer emulsion.
21. The solution of Claim 1 including said buffering agent being present in a sufficiently small amount that it does not provide a substantial wood preservation effect.
22. The solution of Claim 1 including said solution having a pH of about 7 to 8.5.
23. A wood preservative solution comprising at least one amine oxide and at least one wood preservative and a non-borate buffering agent with the balance being at least one suitable solvent, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to any one or more of the Examples.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/079,905 | 2011-04-05 | ||
US13/079,905 US9125398B2 (en) | 2011-04-05 | 2011-04-05 | Method of employing enhanced penetration of wood preservatives to protect wood and a related solution |
NZ609284A NZ609284B2 (en) | 2011-04-05 | 2012-03-19 | Method of employing enhanced penetration of wood preservatives to protect wood and a related solution |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NZ628429A NZ628429A (en) | 2014-10-31 |
NZ628429B2 true NZ628429B2 (en) | 2015-02-03 |
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