NZ624393B - Composition and method for treating wood - Google Patents
Composition and method for treating woodInfo
- Publication number
- NZ624393B NZ624393B NZ624393A NZ62439314A NZ624393B NZ 624393 B NZ624393 B NZ 624393B NZ 624393 A NZ624393 A NZ 624393A NZ 62439314 A NZ62439314 A NZ 62439314A NZ 624393 B NZ624393 B NZ 624393B
- Authority
- NZ
- New Zealand
- Prior art keywords
- wood
- composition
- preservative
- emulsion
- pressure
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 146
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 128
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 230000002209 hydrophobic Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- GHNRTXCRBJQVGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-dodecan-6-ylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC(CCCCC)C1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 GHNRTXCRBJQVGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000000855 fungicidal Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000417 fungicide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000000749 insecticidal Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- LNJMWUUEDOPKTJ-MDZDMXLPSA-N 2-[2-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl-[(E)-octadec-9-enyl]amino]ethoxy]ethanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C\CCCCCCCCN(CCOCCO)CCOCCO LNJMWUUEDOPKTJ-MDZDMXLPSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000012454 non-polar solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 64
- 230000002335 preservative Effects 0.000 abstract description 62
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 60
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 9
- YRIUSKIDOIARQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 YRIUSKIDOIARQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229940071161 dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 abstract description 6
- RUPBZQFQVRMKDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M Didecyldimethylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CCCCCCCCCC RUPBZQFQVRMKDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 2
- 229960004670 didecyldimethylammonium chloride Drugs 0.000 abstract 2
- SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzenesulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 1
- 229940077388 benzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 67
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 58
- -1 cypermethryn Chemical compound 0.000 description 39
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 36
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 17
- 235000015096 spirit Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 14
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 12
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000011068 load Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000002522 swelling Effects 0.000 description 9
- QGLWBTPVKHMVHM-KTKRTIGZSA-N (Z)-octadec-9-en-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCN QGLWBTPVKHMVHM-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 8
- YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexanol Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 235000011334 Pinus elliottii Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 241000142776 Pinus elliottii Species 0.000 description 8
- 230000001965 increased Effects 0.000 description 8
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 7
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 6
- 241000256602 Isoptera Species 0.000 description 6
- 230000001680 brushing Effects 0.000 description 6
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 6
- 239000003171 wood protecting agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- RLLPVAHGXHCWKJ-HKUYNNGSSA-N (3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl (1R,3R)-3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CC1(C)[C@@H](C=C(Cl)Cl)[C@H]1C(=O)OCC1=CC=CC(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 RLLPVAHGXHCWKJ-HKUYNNGSSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 240000008997 Araucaria cunninghamii Species 0.000 description 5
- 229960000490 Permethrin Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000005874 Bifenthrin Substances 0.000 description 4
- STJLVHWMYQXCPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propiconazole Chemical compound O1C(CCC)COC1(C=1C(=CC(Cl)=CC=1)Cl)CN1N=CN=C1 STJLVHWMYQXCPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229940120693 copper naphthenate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000002538 fungal Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002706 hydrostatic Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002829 reduced Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 239000010875 treated wood Substances 0.000 description 4
- OMFRMAHOUUJSGP-IRHGGOMRSA-N κ-bifenthrin Chemical compound C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C(C)=C1COC(=O)[C@@H]1[C@H](\C=C(/Cl)C(F)(F)F)C1(C)C OMFRMAHOUUJSGP-IRHGGOMRSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IEXQFYPEUSYMHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl-octadecylamino]ethoxy]ethanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN(CCOCCO)CCOCCO IEXQFYPEUSYMHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000008577 Pinus radiata Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241000218621 Pinus radiata Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000001580 bacterial Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001627 detrimental Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002708 enhancing Effects 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002424 termiticide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940099451 3-iodo-2-propynylbutylcarbamate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000005749 Copper compound Substances 0.000 description 2
- YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC=CC2=C1 YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYVVKGNFXHOCQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate Chemical compound CCCCNC(=O)OCC#CI WYVVKGNFXHOCQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YXLXNENXOJSQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-L Oxine-copper Chemical compound [Cu+2].C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1 YXLXNENXOJSQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Valeric acid Natural products CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010692 aromatic oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003849 aromatic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000003225 biodiesel Substances 0.000 description 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atoms Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001880 copper compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M iodide Chemical compound [I-] XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008268 mayonnaise Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010746 mayonnaise Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002728 pyrethroid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011122 softwood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 2
- MDNZBOUVZKGKJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(pyridin-2-yldiazenyl)-2H-naphthalen-1-ol Chemical compound C1C=CC2=CC=CC=C2C1(O)N=NC1=CC=CC=N1 MDNZBOUVZKGKJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBEVSMZJMIQVBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(hydroxymethyl)guanidine Chemical compound NC(N)=NCO MBEVSMZJMIQVBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CC(C)(C)O SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWXICGTUELOLSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 4-dodecylbenzenesulfonate Chemical group CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 KWXICGTUELOLSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000019737 Animal fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000002804 Calluna vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007575 Calluna vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002126 Creosote Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000005892 Deltamethrin Substances 0.000 description 1
- OWZREIFADZCYQD-NSHGMRRFSA-N Deltamethrin Chemical compound CC1(C)[C@@H](C=C(Br)Br)[C@H]1C(=O)O[C@H](C#N)C1=CC=CC(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 OWZREIFADZCYQD-NSHGMRRFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HECLRDQVFMWTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dicyclopentadiene Chemical compound C1C2C3CC=CC3C1C=C2 HECLRDQVFMWTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JGFDZZLUDWMUQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Didecyl-Dimethyl-Ammonium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CCCCCCCCCC JGFDZZLUDWMUQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWKXNDCHNDYVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecylbenzene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 KWKXNDCHNDYVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004150 EU approved colour Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940013317 Fish Oils Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 206010017533 Fungal infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N Gluconic acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000000996 L-ascorbic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 240000007588 Larrea tridentata Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006173 Larrea tridentata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SYELZBGXAIXKHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lauryldimethylamine oxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)[O-] SYELZBGXAIXKHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JXSJBGJIGXNWCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malathion Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(SP(=S)(OC)OC)C(=O)OCC JXSJBGJIGXNWCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ONHFWHCMZAJCFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Myristamine oxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)[O-] ONHFWHCMZAJCFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YWWNNLPSZSEZNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-dimethyldecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCN(C)C YWWNNLPSZSEZNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NHLUVTZJQOJKCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN(C)C NHLUVTZJQOJKCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UTTVXKGNTWZECK-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-dimethyloctadecan-1-amine oxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)[O-] UTTVXKGNTWZECK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSVIRMFSJVHWJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-dimethyloctan-1-amine oxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)[O-] RSVIRMFSJVHWJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ONLRKTIYOMZEJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylmethanamine oxide Chemical compound C[NH+](C)[O-] ONLRKTIYOMZEJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940061319 Ovide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000005662 Paraffin oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- IZUPBVBPLAPZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentachlorophenol Chemical compound OC1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1Cl IZUPBVBPLAPZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001236219 Pinus echinata Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008582 Pinus sylvestris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000218626 Pinus sylvestris Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005822 Propiconazole Substances 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulphite Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 241000779819 Syncarpia glomulifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000240 adjuvant Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003619 algicide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003868 ammonium compounds Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940027983 antiseptics and disinfectants Quaternary ammonium compounds Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008365 aqueous carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003851 azoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid group Chemical group C(C1=CC=CC=C1)(=O)O WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001045 blue dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940116318 copper carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RCYPBTYYGICSND-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;2,3,4,5,6-pentachlorophenolate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]C1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1Cl.[O-]C1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1Cl RCYPBTYYGICSND-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- GEZOTWYUIKXWOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;carbonate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]C([O-])=O GEZOTWYUIKXWOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VNZQQAVATKSIBR-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;octanoate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCC([O-])=O VNZQQAVATKSIBR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002483 decamethrin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000004059 degradation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229940078672 didecyldimethylammonium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003292 diminished Effects 0.000 description 1
- PGQAXGHQYGXVDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl(dimethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CCCCCCCCCCCCN(C)C PGQAXGHQYGXVDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009408 flooring Methods 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011121 hardwood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008079 hexane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940051250 hexylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UWYVPFMHMJIBHE-OWOJBTEDSA-N hydroxymaleic acid group Chemical group O/C(/C(=O)O)=C/C(=O)O UWYVPFMHMJIBHE-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iso-propanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005644 linolenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006224 matting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007764 o/w emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid group Chemical group C(CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)(=O)O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001117 oleyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])/C([H])=C([H])\C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229940006093 opthalmologic coloring agents Diagnostic Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005429 oxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N palmitic acid group Chemical group C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)(=O)O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002958 pentadecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000001839 pinus sylvestris Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011120 plywood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- REYJJPSVUYRZGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N stearylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN REYJJPSVUYRZGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000851 termiticidal Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003866 tertiary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003606 tin compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005270 trialkylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000009489 vacuum treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007762 w/o emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003752 zinc compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940100888 zinc compounds Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DPQXAUXLLDWUMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;naphthalene-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Zn+2].C1=CC=CC2=CC(C(=O)[O-])=CC=C21.C1=CC=CC2=CC(C(=O)[O-])=CC=C21 DPQXAUXLLDWUMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- CHJMFFKHPHCQIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;octanoate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCC([O-])=O CHJMFFKHPHCQIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
- A01N25/04—Dispersions, emulsions, suspoemulsions, suspension concentrates or gels
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/30—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests characterised by the surfactants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
- A01N33/02—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds
- A01N33/12—Quaternary ammonium compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/16—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/16—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
- A01N59/20—Copper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
- B27K3/0278—Processes; Apparatus involving an additional treatment during or after impregnation
- B27K3/0285—Processes; Apparatus involving an additional treatment during or after impregnation for improving the penetration of the impregnating fluid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
- B27K3/08—Impregnating by pressure, e.g. vacuum impregnation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/34—Organic impregnating agents
- B27K3/50—Mixtures of different organic impregnating agents
Abstract
The disclosure relates to a composition for treating wood comprising a carrier and at least one wood preserving compound. The carrier is an emulsion comprising a hydrophobic phase, a hydrophilic phase and a surfactant system comprising a non-ionic polyethoxylated alkyl amine and an anionic C10-C14 alkyl benzene sulfonate. The preservative is selected from a fungicide, a bactericide, an insecticide and mixtures thereof. The composition may further comprise a quaternary ammonium salt. The non-ionic polyethoxylated alkyl amine may be ethoxylated oleylamine and the anionic C10-C14 alkyl benzene sulfonate may be linear dodecylbenzene sulfonate. The quaternary ammonium salt may be benzylalkonium chloride or didecyldimethylammonium chloride. The disclosure also relates to a method of treating wood using the composition, which may include a vacuum pressure process. The vacuum pressure process may be a Bethell process, a single pressure cycle Lowry process, a multiple pressure cycle Lowry process, a Reuping process or a Vac-Vac process. lkyl benzene sulfonate. The preservative is selected from a fungicide, a bactericide, an insecticide and mixtures thereof. The composition may further comprise a quaternary ammonium salt. The non-ionic polyethoxylated alkyl amine may be ethoxylated oleylamine and the anionic C10-C14 alkyl benzene sulfonate may be linear dodecylbenzene sulfonate. The quaternary ammonium salt may be benzylalkonium chloride or didecyldimethylammonium chloride. The disclosure also relates to a method of treating wood using the composition, which may include a vacuum pressure process. The vacuum pressure process may be a Bethell process, a single pressure cycle Lowry process, a multiple pressure cycle Lowry process, a Reuping process or a Vac-Vac process.
Description
H:\K YG\In terwoven\N RPortbl\D CC\K YG\ 7841298_1. doc-2/07/2015
COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR TREATING WOOD
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a composition for treating wood comprising a wood
preserving compound and a carrier, wherein the carrier is an emulsion comprising a
hydrophobic phase, a hydrophilic phase and a surfactant system. In particular, the
surfactant system comprises a non-ionic polyethoxylated alkyl amine and an anionic C -
C alkylbenzene sulfonate. Methods of using the composition to treat wood, especially
timber, are also described.
Background of the Invention
Wood is a common commodity used in home building (f rames and trusses), for exterior
above ground construction (f encing, gazebos, trellising), i ndoor use (f urniture, floors), and
for in ground use (farm fencing, vineyard trellising, utility poles).W ood is also utilised in
marine environments (pi ling) . A part from naturally durable woods, all these applications
require chemical protection of the wood from fungal, bacterial and insect attack.
Standards for wood protection have been developed either on a country or regional basis.
These standards are subdivided into hazard classes or on a commodity basis. In the case of
the commodity standards (A merican wood Preservers Association) t he standards refer back
to the biological hazards involved.
Hazard class standards are divided into either 5 or 6 classes. The difference being the way
the in ground hazard class is dealt with to allow for the higher hazard associated with
utility poles.
Hazard Class 1: Insect Attack; wood in internal situation protected from weather.
Hazard Class 2: Termite Attack; wood in internal situation protected from weather.
Hazard Class 3: Fungal, insect and termite attack; wood in external situation above
ground but subject to wetting.
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Hazard Class 4/5: Fungal, bacterial, insect and termite attack; wood in ground, subject
to wetting.
Hazard Class 5/6: Marine organisms, fungal, bacterial, insect and termite attack in a
fresh water or marine environment.
For each Hazard Class, the standards define penetration of the wood commodity required
by preservative treatment. For example, Hazard Class 3 and above will normally require at
least full sapwood penetration of the preservative chemical, whereas envelope treatments
are acceptable for insect and termite protection in Hazard Classes 1 and 2.
Preservatives appropriate for each hazard class are also defined in various country
standards, for example, the Australian and New Zealand standards are AS1604 and
NZS3640 respectively.
The wood preservative may be included in a composition containing a carrier. Carriers
range from water, through emulsions to non-aqueous carriers such as solvents or oils.
Treatment methods include dipping, spraying and brushing for superficial and envelope
treatments or vacuum pressure treatment where deeper penetration of the wood
preservative is required.
Wood treated with aqueous preservative compositions increase the water content of the
wood and cause swelling. A typical water-borne treatment has an uptake of 300 to 600
L/m . These treatments are often referred to as providing "wet after" wood. Wet after
wood will dry in service down to provide an equilibrium moisture content. In Australia
and New Zealand, typical equilibrium moisture content is 15-18%. The drying of the wet
after wood will subject the wood to shrinkage and checking which can affect the
appearance of the timber. Furthermore, swelling or shrinkage in a wall frame or truss can
lead to both structural and cosmetic defects in a building.
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Non-aqueous formulations, such as Light Organic Solvent Preservatives (LOSP) , pr ovide
timber that can be supplied at a moisture content equivalent to the equilibrium moisture
content and are often referred to as providing "dry after" wood. A typical LOSP treatment
has an uptake ranging from 30 to 50 L/m . Unlike aqueous formulations, non-aqueous
formulations do not swell the wood. However, non-aqueous formulations often contain
high levels of volatile organic chemicals (V OCs) that can result in release of "greenhouse
gasses" and odour being associated with the treated timber. Some non-aqueous
formulations although initially assisting in penetration of the preserving agent into the
wood can subsequently cause the preserving agent to bleed to the surface of the wood
where it is then lost. Non-aqueous treatments, although not swelling the treated wood, are
significantly more expensive than aqueous treatments.
"Dry after" wood can also be achieved by redrying wood that has been water-borne treated
but this is expensive and can result in timber degradation due to splitting and dimensional
movement.
Some aqueous/glycol formulations can be used to form envelopes and for deeper sapwood
penetration of the wood preservative. However, these compositions are fundamentally
polar and result in swelling of the wood. Glycol formulations may cause permanent
swelling of the wood as these formulations are hydroscopic and therefore attract water into
the wood.
Emulsions have been used to deliver preservative compounds into wood. However,
emulsions tend to be unstable and may separate into hydrophobic phase and hydrophilic
phase before or during use in treating wood.
Furthermore, emulsions are currently used in wood preservation where one or more of the
active compounds is not water soluble. These active compounds are solubilised in non-
aqueous solvent which is mixed with an aqueous solvent to form an emulsion. In these
cases, the ratio of non-aqueous to aqueous phase is very low. The non-aqueous phase is
generally present in an amount of less than 5% of the emulsion composition.
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Another difficulty with emulsion compositions is that a "mayonnaise" type formulation
may form which, although reducing uptake of moisture content, prevents or reduces
penetration of the preservative compound and therefore results in very low uptakes of
preservative which may not meet required standards.
Although emulsions can be used to deliver preservative compounds into wood, high water
content in emulsions can result in high water uptake and therefore "wet after" wood and
high water content can also reduce the uptake and penetration of the preservative
compound. Penetration of the preservative compound is usually increased with increasing
the proportion of hydrophobic phase.
There is a need for new wood preserving formulations that have the required stability and
allow the desired level of penetration of the preservative compound, while reducing the use
of organic solvents or oils in the formulation to provide an economic and environmentally
friendly treatment.
Summary of the Invention
The present invention is predicated in part on the discovery that stable emulsions useful as
carriers for preservative compounds, can be formed in the presence of a surfactant system
comprising a non-ionic polyethoxylated alkyl amine and an anionic C -C alkyl benzene
16
sulfonate. Stability of the emulsion and penetration of the preservative compound into the
wood to be treated may be further improved by the addition of a tertiary or quaternary
ammonium salt to the surfactant system.
In a first aspect of the invention there is provided a composition for treating wood
comprising a carrier and at least one wood preserving compound; wherein the wood
preserving compound is selected from a fungicide, bactericide, insecticide and mixtures
thereof; said carrier being an emulsion comprising:
( i ) a hydrophobic phase comprising one or more oils and/or non-polar solvents;
(i i) a hydrophilic phase comprising one or more polar and/or hydrophilic
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solvents; and
(i ii) a surfactant system comprising:
( a ) a non-ionic polyethoxylated alkyl amine and
(b ) an anionic C -C alkyl benzene sulfonate.
16
In some embodiments, the composition further comprises a quaternary ammonium salt,
such as benzylalkonium chloride or dodecyldimethyl ammonium chloride.
In another aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of treating wood
comprising the steps of:
( i ) providing wood for treatment; and
(i i) contacting the wood with a composition of the invention.
In some embodiments, the wood is contacted with the composition by dipping, spraying or
brushing to provide a superficial or envelope treatment. In other embodiments, the wood
is contacted with the composition using a vacuum pressure process, especially a Lowry or
Reuping process, to provide full sapwood penetration at the lowest possible uptake (L/m )
of composition.
Description of the Invention
The present invention seeks to reduce the cost and environmental impact of a carrier used
in the treatment of wood by reducing the amount of non-polar solvent used, while
maintaining the effectiveness of the treatment, including emulsion stability, penetration of
the wood preservative and minimising the swelling or wetness of the wood after treatment.
The present invention provides an alternative wood preserving composition and methods
compared to those currently available.
The articles "a" and "an" are used herein to refer to one or to more than one (i .e. to at least
one) of the grammatical object of the article. By way of example, an element m eans one
element or more than one element.
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As used herein, the term "about" refers to a quantity, level, value, dimension, size, or
amount that varies by as much as 30%, 25%, 20%, 15% or 10% to a reference quantity,
level, value, dimension, size, or amount.
Throughout this specification, unless the context requires otherwise, the words "comprise",
"comprises" and "comprising" will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated step or
element or group of steps or elements but not the exclusion of any other step or element or
group of steps or elements.
In a first aspect of the invention there is provided a composition for treating wood
comprising a carrier and at least one wood preserving compound; said carrier being an
emulsion comprising:
(i ) a hydrophobic phase;
(i i) a hydrophilic phase; and
(i ii) a surfactant system comprising:
a. a non-ionic polyethoxylated alkyl amine and
b. an anionic C -C alkyl benzene sulfonate.
16
A wide variety of wood preserving compounds may be included in the composition of the
invention. Oil soluble preservative compounds are contained in the hydrophobic or non-
polar phase of the emulsion carrier and water soluble preservatives are contained in the
hydrophilic or polar phase of the emulsion carrier. The preservative compound may be
any compound that may be used to protect wood from biological organisms. For example,
the preservative may be a fungicide, bactericide or insecticide such as a termiticide.
Suitable insecticides and termiticides include synthetic pyrethroids such as permethrin,
cypermethryn, deltamethrin, and bifenthrin and neonicotinoids such as imidichloprid and
thiochloprid. Suitable fungicides and mouldicides include creosote, pentachlorophenol
( P CP), a zoles such as tebcuconazole, propiconazole, cyperconazole and the like; organic
copper compounds such as copper 8-quinolinolate, copper naphthenate, copper octanoate
and bis-(N -cyclohexyldiazeniumdioxy) copper (C u-HDO), o rganic zinc compounds such as
zinc naphthenate¸ organic tin compounds such as tributyl-tin naphthenate (TBTN); silver
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compounds, iodopropynyl-butylcarbamate (IPBC) , 3-benzothienyl-5,6,dihydro-1,4,2-
oxathiazineoxide (B ethoguard®), qua ternary ammonium compounds, tertiary
ammonium compounds and isothiazalones and boron compounds. The preservatives may
also be a micronised or dispersed active such as copper carbonate, copper oxide, or oxine
copper. These water based copper compounds are generally used in combination with at
least one other co-biocide, for example, azoles with or without an insecticide such as a
synthetic pyrethroid.
In some embodiments, the composition may comprise a mixture of preservatives. For
example, fungicides such as propiconizole and tebuconizole may be used together
especially in a 1:1 ratio. Suitable amounts of these compounds may achieve a timber
loading of 0.03 % mass/mass for each compound. In other embodiments, the composition
may contain fungicides and insecticides such as termiticides. For example, a combination
of propiconizole and tebuconizole may be combined with a pyrethroid such as bifenthrin or
permethrin. Suitable ratios would be 1 (pr opiconizole) : 1 (t ebuconizole) : 0.67
(pe rmethrin) o r 0.16 (bi fenthrin). A suitable combination would be propiconizole and
permethrin or bifenthrin. A person skilled in the art could determine suitable amounts of
fungicides or insecticides to use in a mixture to achieve a desired % mass/mass loading in
the timber product.
In some embodiments, the wood preserving compound is solubilised in the hydrophobic
phase or hydrophilic phase. In other embodiments, the wood preserving compound may be
encapsulated and solubilised or suspended in the hydrophobic or hydrophilic phase.
Encapsulation may be particularly useful if the preservative is toxic to humans, heat
unstable and/or chemically unstable in water or oil or if a slow release of the preservative
is required. Microencapsulation of the preservative may be achieved by methods known in
the art, such as pan coating, air-suspension coating, centrifugal extrusion, vibration nozzle
encapsulation, spray drying, interfacial polymerization, in-situ polymerisation and matrix
polymerisation.
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The amount of preservative present in the composition is dependent on the type of
preservative used and the loading required. A person skilled in the art could readily
determine a suitable amount of preservative. In general, the preservative will be included
in an amount of below 10% of the composition, especially below 5% of the composition,
more especially below 2% of the composition.
The hydrophobic phase of the emulsion may also be referred to as the non-polar phase
herein. The hydrophobic phase may be any liquid that is immiscible with the hydrophilic
phase of the emulsion. The term "immiscible" as used in relation to the hydrophobic phase
refers to the hydrophobic phase has no more than 30% solubility in the hydrophilic phase,
especially no more than 20%, solubility and more especially no more than 10% solubility
in the hydrophilic phase. In particular embodiments, the hydrophobic phase has less than
% or 5% solubility in the hydrophilic phase. Suitable hydrophobic phases include oils
and non-polar solvents and may be considered a flammable oil or solvent or a combustible
oil or solvent.
Flammable oils or solvents have a flash point 61°C . Suitable flammable oils and
solvents include white spirits (i ncluding low odour/low aromatic white spirits), m ineral
spirits, Stoddards solvent ( h ydrocarbons, typically greater than 65% C or higher
hydrocarbons), ke rosene, turpentines, jet fuel, low flash point hydrocarbons including
those treated to remove or reduce aromatic hydrocarbons such as Exxsol D30 and
Exxsol D40, low flash point bio-solvents and the like. White spirits are typically a
mixture of aliphatic and alicyclic C C hydrocarbons with a minimum content of about
7 12
% of C C aromatic hydrocarbons. Mineral spirits typically is a mixture of
7 12
hydrocarbons with 65% or greater C hydrocarbons, hexane and a maximum benzene
content of 1% v/v.
Combustible oils or solvents have a flash point of > 61°C. Suitable combustible oils and
solvents include mineral oils, vegetable oils, fish oils, biodiesel, aromatic solvents, low
aromatic hydrocarbon solvents, diesel, aromatic oil and mixtures thereof. The biodiesel
may be sourced from edible or non-edible sources including vegetable oils, animal fat or
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alcohol. Suitable aromatic solvents include naphthalene and indene and aromatic oil is a
mixture of naphthalene, 3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methanoindene and optionally indene.
Suitable low aromatic hydrocarbon solvents include those such as Exxsol D60, Exxsol
D80, Exxsol D100, Exxsol D120 and Exxsol D140. Other suitable combustible oils
or solvents include paraffin oil, isoparaffin oil, such as Isopar L, M or V, narrow cut
kerosene and high flash kerosene.
The hydrophilic phase of the emulsion may also be referred to as the polar phase herein.
The hydrophilic phase may be any liquid that is immiscible with the hydrophobic phase of
the emulsion. The term "immiscible" as used in relation to the hydrophilic phase refers to
the hydrophilic phase has no more than 30% solubility in the hydrophobic phase,
especially no more than 20%, solubility and more especially no more than 10% solubility
in the hydrophobic phase. In particular embodiments, the hydrophilic phase has less than
% or 5% solubility in the hydrophobic phase. Suitable hydrophilic phases include water,
monoethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, hexylene glycol, glycerine, acetone and
alcohols (bot h flammable and combustible) such as methanol, ethanol and isopropanol, or
mixtures of such hydrophilic solvents.
The hydrophobic phase and hydrophilic phase content is provided as a ratio of
hydrophobic phase and hydrophilic phase in the emulsion. The hydrophilic phase is
present in an amount greater than 10% up to 95% v/v of the mixture of hydrophobic phase
and hydrophilic phase. The oil is present in an amount from 5% to less than 90% v/v of
the mixture of hydrophobic phase and hydrophilic phase. In some embodiments, the ratio
of water is 20% up to 80% v/v or 30 to 70% v/v. In these embodiments, the ratio of
hydrophobic phase in the emulsion is 20% to 80% or 30 to 70% v/v. In some
embodiments, the ratio of hydrophobic phase to hydrophilic phase is selected from 80:20,
70:30, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60, 30:70 and 20:80. The emulsion may be an oil-in-water
emulsion or a water-in-oil emulsion depending on the ratio of hydrophilic and hydrophobic
phases.
The emulsion composition also includes a surfactant system comprising a non-ionic
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polyethoxylated alkyl amine and an anionic C -C alkylbenzene sulfonate.
16
A polyethoxylated alkyl amine is a compound having the structure:
wherein R is a C to C linear or branched alkyl group or a C to C linear or branched
20 10 20
alkenyl group and x and y are independently selected from 1 to 15.
In some embodiments, R is a linear alkyl group selected from C -alkyl (l auryl), C -alkyl
12 14
(m yristyl), C alkyl (pa lmityl) and C alkyl ( st eryl) or a linear alkenyl group selected
16 18
from C alkenyl (p almitolyl) or C alkenyl (ol eyl, linolyl, linolenyl) . In particular
16 18
embodiments, R is a C alkenyl group, especially a monounsaturated C alkenyl group,
18 18
more especially oleyl.
In some embodiments, x and y are independently selected from 1 to 10, especially 2 to 9, 2
to 8, 2 to 7, 2 to 6 or 2 to 5. In some embodiments, x + y is an integer from 2 to 30,
especially 2, 5, 8, 10, 15 or 30.
The polyethoxylated alkyl amine may comprise more than one compound where there are
variations in the length of the carbon chain in the R group or the number of ethoxylate
groups in the ethoxyl chain.
In some embodiments, the polyethoxylated alkyl amine is a compound where R is n-
octadecenyl and x and y are both 1 (ethoxylated oleyl amine, E2), R is n-octadec
enyl and x + y is 5 (e thoxylated oleyl amine, E5), R is n-octadecenyl and x + y = 8
( e thoxylated oleyl amine, E8), R is n-octadecenyl and x + y = 10 (e thoxylated oleyl
amine, E10), R is n-octadecenyl and x + y = 15 (e thoxylated oleyl amine, E15)
R is n-octadecyl and x and y are both 1 (ethoxylated stearyl amine, E2), R is n-
octadecyl and x + y is 5 (ethoxylated stearyl amine, E5), R is n-octadecyl and x + y = 8
(e thoxylated stearyl amine, E8), R is n-octadecyl and x + y = 10 (e thoxylated stearyl
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amine, E10), R is n-octadecyl and x + y = 15 (ethoxylated stearyl amine, E15) or
mixtures thereof. Suitable polyethoxylated amines are sold under the trade name Teric
16M2 and Ethomeen O/12LC.
The anionic C -C alkylbenzene sulfonate may be a compound having the formula:
16
wherein R is a C C linear or branched alkyl group. The R group may be attached to
1 10 16 1
the 2, 3 or 4 position of the benzene ring, especially the 4-position. Suitable C to C
16
alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl,
pentadecyl, hexadecyl, 2-methylnonyl, 3-methylnonyl, 4-methylnonyl, 2-ethyloctyl, 3-
ethyloctyl, 2-methylundecyl, 3-methylundecyl, 4-methylundecyl, 5-methylundecyl, 2-
ethyldecyl, 3-ethyldecyl, 4-ethyldecyl, 5-ethyldecyl, 2-propylnonyl, 3-propylnonyl, 4-
propylnonyl, 2-butyloctyl, 3-butyloctyl, 4-butyloctyl, 2-pentylheptyl, 3-pentylheptyl, 4-
pentylheptyl, and the like. The R group may be attached to the benzene ring at any carbon
along the chain of the alkyl group. In some embodiments, R is a dodecyl group,
especially a dodecyl group attached in the 4-position of the benzene ring. The dodecyl
group may be attached to the benzene ring at the alkyl C1, C2, C3, C4, C5 or C6 carbon
atom, especially the C1 carbon atom. In some embodiments, the The anionic C -C
16
alkylbenzene sulfonate is 4-n-dodecylbenzene sulfonate.
In some embodiments, the anionic C -C alkylbenzene sulfonate is in a composition
16
containing a carrier, such as an alcohol carrier. In a particular embodiment, the anionic
C -C alkylbenzene sulfonate may be in a composition with an 2-ethylhexanol carrier. A
16
particularly suitable composition for use in the invention is Nansa EVM 70/2E which is
57% C -C alkylbenzene sulfonate in 2-ethylhexanol.
14
The surfactant system may comprise each component in a ratio of 20:1 to 1:20 nonionic to
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anionic surfactant, especially 10:1 to 1 to 10 or 5:1 to 1:5. In some embodiments, the
nonionic surfactant is present in an amount greater than the anionic surfactant, for
example, a ratio of 2:1 to 10:1 nonionic to anionic surfactant, especially 2:1 to 6:1, more
especially 3:1 to 5:1, such as 4:1.
The surfactant system may be present in the emulsion composition in the range of 0.01%
v/v to 5% v/v, especially 0.01% to 2% or 0.05% to 1%, more especially 0.05 to 0.5% v/v.
In some embodiments, the composition comprises a further surfactant which is quaternary
ammonium salt, especially a dimethyl quaternary ammonium salt having the formula:
HC CH
wherein R and R are independently selected from C -C alkyl, C -C alkenyl, phenyl or
2 3 8 18 8 18
benzyl and Z is a counterion.
In some embodiments, R and R are independently selected from octyl, decyl, dodecyl,
tetradecyl, hexadecyl and octadecyl. In other embodiments, R is selected from phenyl or
benzyl and R is selected from octyl, decyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl and octadecyl.
Suitable counterions include chloride, bromide, iodide, fluoride or salts of organic acids
such as acetic, propionic, butyric, tartaric, maleic, hydroxymaleic, fumaric, maleic, citric,
lactic, mucic, gluconic, benzoic, succinic, oxalic, phenylacetic, methanesulphonic,
toluenesulphonic, benezenesulphonic, salicyclic, sulphanilic, aspartic, glutamic, edetic,
stearic, palmitic, oleic, lauric, pantothenic, tannic, ascorbic and valeric acids, especially
chloride, bromide or iodide, more especially chloride.
In particular embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt is octyl, decyl, dodecyl,
tetradecyl, hexadecyl or octadecyl benzylalkonium chloride or didecyldimethylammonium
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chloride (D DAC).
The quaternary ammonium salt may be present in the emulsion composition in an amount
of 0.1 % v/v to 5% v/v, especially 0.1% v/v to 3% v/v or 0.5% v/v to 2% v/v of the
emulsion composition.
The emulsion composition may also include other optional components such as corrosion
inhibitors, colouring agents such as dyes or pigments, for example, a blue dye to indicate
that the wood has been treated, water repellents such as waxes, resins, fire retardants, UV
stabilisers, adjuvants, algicides or mixtures thereof. The emulsion composition may also
include penetration enhancers that enhance the penetration of the preservative into the
wood. Suitable penetration enhancers include low foaming ethoxylate surfactants such as
Tanemul® WT 100, or amine oxides such as trialkylamine oxides, alkylcyclicamine
oxides, dialkylpiperazine-di-N-amine oxides, alkyl di(e thoxylated oxyalkyl)a mine oxides,
dialkylbenzylamine oxides, fatty acyl dimethylaminopropylamine oxides, diamine oxides,
triamine oxides or mixtures thereof. Examples of such amine oxides include decyl
dimethyl amine oxide, lauryl dimethyl amine oxide, isoalkyl dimethylamine oxide,
myristyl dimethyl amine oxide, cetyl dimethyl amine oxide, stearyl dimethylamine oxide,
octyl dimethyl amine oxide and N-alkyl(C 12-C16)- N, N-dimethylamine oxide.
Furthermore, the emulsion composition may also include one or more uptake inhibitors.
Uptake inhibitors may be particularly useful in the composition if the wood being treated is
infected with a fungal infection such as sapstain, which results in uncontrolled and
excessive uptake of the preservative composition. Suitable uptake inhibitors include
thixotropes, matting agents, pigment particles and other particulates having an average
particle size of between 0.8 and 100 µm..
The compositions of the invention may be prepared by conventional means for preparing
emulsions. Typically, the wood preserving compound is added to the liquid phase in
which it is soluble. For example, the water soluble wood preservative compounds are
solubilised in the hydrophilic phase and oil soluble wood preservative compounds are
solubilised in the hydrophobic phase.
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The surfactant system comprising the non-ionic polyethoxylated alkyl amine and the
anionic C -C alkyl benzene sulfonate is prepared by mixing the two surfactants together
16
in the required ratio. The surfactant system is then added to the hydrophobic phase.
The hydrophobic and hydrophilic phases are then mixed together using high shear mixing
for the required time. The high shear mixing may be any high shear mixing that is known
in the art. High shear mixing may be continued for a time suitable to form an emulsion,
for example, 10 seconds to 10 minutes, especially 10 seconds to 5 minutes, 10 seconds to 2
minutes, 10 seconds to 1 minute, 10 seconds to 50 seconds, 10 seconds to 40 seconds, 10
seconds to 30 seconds or 10 seconds to 20 seconds. Care should be taken that mixing does
not result in the composition forming a "mayonnaise" type emulsion.
The resulting emulsion composition is then used in methods of treating wood.
In another aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of treating wood
comprising the steps of:
(i ) providing wood for treatment; and
(i i) contacting the wood with a composition of the invention.
As used herein "wood" refers to natural wood and timber produced from that wood, for
example by milling. The term "wood" also encompasses engineered wood products. In
particular embodiments, the wood to be treated is timber. Suitable timber for treating with
the methods of the present invention include frames and trusses used in buildings, fencing,
trellises, gazebos, outdoor furniture, flooring timber, utility poles and the like. In some
embodiments, the wood is sapwood. In other embodiments, the wood is heartwood. The
wood to be treated include softwoods and hardwoods. Softwoods such as Araucaria
cunninghamii, Pinus radiata, Southern yellow pine species, Pinus elliottii and Pinus
sylvestris, are typically used in house frames and trusses. Engineered wood products
include wood composite materials made of wood fibres, wood particles, wood veneer,
wood strands or mixtures thereof. Example of engineered wood products are plywood,
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laminated veneer lumber, oriented strand board, particle board and medium density fibre
board.
The wood may be contacted with the composition of the invention by any means suitable
to allow uptake and penetration of the composition into the wood being treated. For
example in some embodiments, the wood is contacted with the composition by dipping
(i ndividual piece or strapped packs), sp raying, rolling, misting or brushing. In other
embodiments, the wood is contacted with the composition in a vacuum pressure process.
For example, the wood may be typically contacted with the composition by dipping
(i ndividual piece or strapped packs), sp raying, rolling, misting or brushing for at least
about 15 to 90 seconds, for example 20 to 60 seconds. Some timber species may require a
longer dip time to achieve adequate penetration and retention of the preservative
compound. The contact is then followed by draining of any excess preservative from the
wood for 5 to 20 minutes, especially about 10 minutes. For spraying, rolling, misting or
brushing a specific uptake of composition should be targeted, such as 5 to 20 L/m or 10 to
L/m to achieve similar penetration and retention as found with dipping.
In one embodiment, the wood is contacted with the composition by dipping. Dipping can
be of individual pieces of wood or strapped packs of wood. This method may be
particularly advantageous with strapped packs where acceptable coverage of the wood
pieces in the internal part of the pack is difficult to achieve by other methods such as
spraying. Dipping of strapped packs can achieve full coverage of the wood pieces in the
pack, even the internal wood pieces, if the strapped pack is dipped deep enough in the
immersion or dipping bath such that a hydrostatic head pressure of at least 5 kPa is exerted
at the top of the pack. The required hydrostatic head pressure will depend on the strap
tension of the pack. The higher the strap tension, the higher the hydrostatic head pressure
required to obtain full coverage of the internal wood pieces in the strapped pack. The
hydrostatic head pressure may be between 5 and 20 kPa, for example, 6 kPa, 7.5 kPa, 10
kPa, 12 kPa, 15 kPa or 20 kPa, especially at least 10 kPa.
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The uptake of the composition is important to achieve a level of preservative required to
achieve the results required, for example, protection against termite attack. The loading of
the preservative in the timber is referred to in % mass/mass which is a percentage
indicating mass of preservative in a given mass of wood. In one embodiment where the
preservative is bifenthrin, the toxic threshold for termiticidal activity is 0.0004 to 0.02%
mass/mass and for permethrin the uptake must provide at least 0.02% mass/mass
permethrin to meet Australian Standards (A S1604).
The timber may be treated as individual pieces or in a timber pack (full pack) w here a
number of timber pieces are tightly strapped together ready for transport.
In embodiments where the wood is contacted with the composition by dipping (i ndividual
piece or strapped packs), spraying, rolling, misting or brushing, the method is suitable for
obtaining superficial or envelope treatment of the wood.
As used herein the term "envelope" refers to where treated wood has absorbed the
composition radially, tangentially and/or longitudinally to a depth from the surface of the
wood. Controlled envelope formation refers to where the composition is absorbed into the
wood substantially evenly in the radial and tangential direction. In some embodiments, the
depth of the envelope may be predicted from the ratio of oil and water in the emulsion. In
some embodiments, the composition may be absorbed rapidly on a radially cut face and
less rapidly on a tangentially cut face resulting in an envelope of uneven depth. The depth
of the envelope achieved may also be affected by the quality and/or type of wood being
treated.
In other embodiments, the wood is subject to a vacuum pressure process in the presence of
the emulsion composition. Vacuum pressure treatment is known in the art and may
involve the use of a Bethell, Lowry or Reuping process or Vac-Vac process as used with
the light organic solvent preservative (LOSP) pr ocesses.
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Traditionally a vacuum pressure water borne treatment has a pressure range of -90 kPa to
+1500 kPa. For example, a Bethell process for water borne preservatives may have a
process involving:
Load wood for treatment
Initial vacuum -1 to -90 kPa
Flood with preservative whilst maintaining vacuum -1 to -90 kPa
Hydraulic pressure 10 to 1400 kPa
Release pressure and drain preservative 0 kPa
Final vacuum - 90 kPa
Final drain 0 kPa
The time of the initial vacuum treatment can vary from 1 minute to several hours. The
level of vacuum applied can vary and this can effect uptake, for example, less vacuum
lower uptake. The duration of the hydraulic pressure step can vary from 1 minute to
several hours. The level of hydraulic pressure can vary depending on the wood species
permeability. The hydraulic pressure maybe also be ramped down, for example, by 100
kPa/min to maximise removal of liquid from the wood as pressure is applied. The duration
of the final vacuum can vary from 1 min to several hours. Final vacuum tends to be
maximum achievable to maximise preservative recovery and surface dryness of the treated
wood. The duration of the various steps depends on the species being treated, how the
wood has been preconditioned, for example the drying method used to pre-dry the wood,
the initial moisture content of wood, the heartwood content and required penetration in the
heartwood and the retention of preservative required. Heartwood in much more difficult to
treat than sapwood
A typical water borne Lowry process ( si ngle pressure cycle Lowry process) includes the
following steps:
Load wood for treatment
Flood without vacuum 0 kPa
Hydraulic pressure 10 to 1400 kPa
Release Pressure and drain preservative 0 kPa
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Final vacuum -90 kPa
Final drain 0 kPa
As with Bethell process, the level of applied hydraulic pressure and duration of pressure
applied varies depending on species of wood to be treated, how the wood has been
preconditioned, for example the drying method used to pre-dry the wood, the initial
moisture content of wood, the heartwood content. The duration of the final vacuum is
again varied to maximise preservative recovery and dryness of treated wood.
A typical water borne Reuping process includes the steps of:
Load wood for treatment
Apply pneumatic pressure 1 to 500 kPa
Flood maintaining pneumatic pressure
Apply hydraulic pressure up to 1400 kPa
Release pressure and drain 0 kPa
Final vacuum -90 kPa
Final drain 0 kPa
The duration and level of initial pneumatic pressure and hydraulic pressure can be varied
depending on the species of wood to be treated. The hydraulic pressure applied must
exceed the initially applied pneumatic pressure.
A variation on the water borne Lowry process uses pulsation or alternating pressure
(m ultiple pressure cycle Lowry process). For example this process has the steps of:
Load wood for treatment
Flood the cylinder
Apply hydraulic pressure up to 1400 kPa and hold for up to 1 minute
Release pressure 0 kPa for up to 1 minute
Re-apply hydraulic pressure for of 2 to 50 cycles then drain cylinder
Final vacuum -90 kPa for 10 to 30 minutes
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The uptake of preservative reduces from Bethell process to Lowry process to Reuping
process because the level of pressure initially applied affects the amount of air removed
from the wood. In the Bethell process vacuum removes more air than in a Lowry process
where no vacuum is applied. Uptake of preservative is further reduced with a Reuping
process as the initial step is applied air pressure. However, penetration of the preservative
into the wood is not affected provided that a sufficient level of pressure is applied for
suitable time during the wood treatment.
Typical uptakes of water based preservative composition for pine species with polar (w ater
borne) pr eservatives are:
Bethell >450 L/m
Lowry 300 to 350 L/m
Reuping 200 to 250 L/m
The Bethell, Lowry and Reuping processes described above may also be used with
preservatives that are in non-polar solvents. However, the pressures used in these
processes are significantly reduced when non-polar solvents are used.
For example the Bethell process may have an initial vacuum of only -5 to 10 kPa held for 1
to 5 minutes followed by hydraulic pressure of < 100 kPa held for 1 to 5 minutes then
final vacuum of 90 kPa held for 10 to 15 minutes. Uptake of the preservative
composition is much lower, for example, less than 150 L/m .
Similarly a Lowry process using a preservative in non-polar solvent involves flooding then
hydraulic pressure as low as 10 to 20 kPa up to 150 kPa. This is followed by draining of
the solvent then vacuum of -90 kPa held for a time such as 10 to 15 minutes. Again uptake
of the preservative composition is lower than with a water borne process, for example, 30
to 80 L/m .
Low pressure Reuping processes may also be used with preservative compositions in non-
polar solvents. For example, the initial pneumatic pressure may be as low as 10 kPa
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followed by hydraulic pressure of 30 to 150 kPa. After draining the preservative
composition, a final vacuum of 90 kPa may be held for about 15 minutes. Uptake of the
preservative composition using this process is in the range of 25 to 60 L/m .
For non-polar solvents a Vac-Vac process is also sometimes used. This process involves
drawing a low initial vacuum of about -10 kPa then flooding and soaking of the wood to be
treated occurs followed by release of the vacuum. The preservative composition is then
drained and a final vacuum drawn. With this process uptake of the preservative
composition is in the range of 25 to 60 L/m .
The composition of the present invention may be used in any of the Bethell, single
pressure cycle Lowry, multiple pressure cycle Lowry, Reuping or Vac-Vac or variations of
these processes known by those skilled in the art of wood preservation where pressure
applied may be between -90 and +1500 kPa. The treatment may include loading the wood,
followed by application of initial vacuum or initial pressure or the wood may be treated
directly with no initial vacuum or pressure treatment. The wood is subsequently contacted
or flooded with the preservative composition of the invention. Once flooded with the
preservative composition, vacuum or pressure may be applied. Once the pressure or
vacuum is released, the preservative composition may be drained and a final vacuum
applied.
In some embodiments, applied pressure is in the range of 0 kPa to 300 kPa. In some
embodiments, the process used for the treatment of wood with the composition of the
invention is a low pressure Lowry process.
The methods of the present invention in which a vacuum pressure process is used, the
uptake of the preservative composition is between 20 to 300 L/m , especially 25 to 100
L/m .
Advantageously, the methods of the present invention are able to reduce the amount of
non-polar solvent (h ydrophobic phase) us ed in the process and increase the amount of
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water or hydrophilic phase used, without substantially increasing the moisture content of
the wood. By "without substantially increasing moisture content of the wood" refers to an
increase in moisture of less than 10%, especially less than 8% or 6% and especially less
than 4%.
Typically water based treatments have uptakes of greater than 100 L/m , especially greater
than 300 L/m to achieve full sapwood penetration. The moisture content increase that
occurs with this type of treatment may cause swelling of the wood which would be
unacceptable. In contrast, those processes using 100% non-polar solvent ("dry after"
treatment) t he moisture content does not increase.
With the emulsion compositions of the present invention, a proportion of the non-polar
solvent may be replaced with polar phase, without substantially increasing the moisture
content of the wood. This results in minimal swelling of the wood compared to water
borne treatments. The effect of water content in the composition of the invention on the
moisture content of the wood is shown in the following table:
% water in emulsion
OD Initial Water Uptake 20 30 40 50 60 Final moisture content after
Density Moisture in l/m3 treatment %
kg/m Content wood
% litres
500 12 60 30 6.0 9.0 12.0 15.0 18.0 13.2 18.0 14.4 15.0 15.6
500 12 60 35 7.0 10.5 14.0 17.5 21.0 13.4 13.8 14.8 15.5 16.2
500 12 60 40 8.0 12.0 16.0 20.0 24.0 13.6 14.1 15.2 16.0 16.8
500 12 60 45 9.0 13.5 18.0 22.5 27.0 13.8 14.4 15.6 16.5 17.4
500 12 60 50 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 14.0 14.7 16.0 17.0 18.0
As can be seen from the table, a maximum moisture increase was 6% for a composition
having 60% water and 20% hydrophobic phase with an uptake of 50 L/m .
There are a number of advantages of the vacuum pressure process. In particular, replacing
the low odour solvent with the emulsion of the invention significantly reduces cost without
affecting efficacy of the treatment and with minimal effects on moisture treatment content
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and swelling of the wood. Furthermore, there are less volatile organic compounds present
and therefore less "greenhouse gas" emissions and reduced odour.
Advantageously, once the hydrophobic phase is incorporated into the emulsion, any
flammability or combustibility associated with that phase is diminished or removed.
In another aspect of the invention there is provided wood or engineered wood products
treated by the method outlined above.
In order that the nature of the present invention be more clearly understood and put into
practical effect, specific embodiments will now be described by way of the following non-
limiting examples.
EXAMPLES
Example 1: Emulsion Stability
Emulsions were prepared with varying ratios of non-polar white spirits and polar water
phases.
A surfactant system comprising two surfactants, non-ionic polyethoxylated oleylamine
( H untsman Teric 16M2) and anionic 57% linear dodecyl benzene sulfonate in 2-
ethylhexanol (N ansa EVM 70/2E) was prepared by mixing the non-ionic surfactant and
anionic surfactant in a ratio of 4:1.
The surfactant system was added to the white spirits in an amount that provides varying
concentrations, 0.1, 0.3, 0.45 and 1.0 v/v of the total emulsion composition. The required
volume of water was added to provide the required ratio of white spirit to water, 20:80,
40:60, 50:50, 60:40, 70:30 and 80:20. The composition was mixed by high shear mixing
for 15 seconds.
The emulsion stability was assessed by monitoring the time taken for the two phases to
separate. The emulsion was considered stable if there was no separation in 2 hours. If
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separation of the phases occurs within 2 hours, the emulsion was classed as unstable.
The results are shown in Table 1:
Table 1
Carrier %v/v mixed Surfactants
% White Spirits % Water 0.10 0.3 0.45
80 Stable Stable Stable Stable
40 60 Stable Stable Stable Stable
50 50 Stable Stable Stable Stable
60 40 Unstable Stable Stable Stable
70 30 Unstable Unstable Stable Stable
80 20 Unstable Unstable Unstable Stable
The emulsions were stable with increasing amounts of polar phase and/or increasing
amounts of surfactant systems.
Example 2: Emulsion stability
The method of Example 1 was repeated with the non-ionic and anionic surfactant system at
concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.35 and 0.45% v/v. After preparation of the emulsion,
benzylalkonium chloride (B AC) was added at a concentration of 1% v/v (1.5g /L of 150g/L
solution) and the composition was subject to about 1 minute further high shear mixing.
The stability of the emulsions was assessed as for Example 1. The results are shown in
Table 2:
Table 2
Carrier % surfactant system + 1% v/v BAC
% White Spirits % Water 0.10 0.2 0.35 0.45
80 Stable Stable Stable Stable
40 60 Stable Stable Stable Stable
50 50 Stable Stable Stable Stable
60 40 Unstable Stable Stable Stable
70 30 Unstable Stable Stable Stable
80 20 Unstable Unstable Unstable Stable
The inclusion of BAC improved the stability of the emulsions.
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Example 3: Emulsion Stability
The method of Example 1 was repeated using High Flash kerosene as the non-polar phase.
The stability of the emulsions was assessed and the results are shown in Table 3:
Table 3
Carrier %v/v mixed Surfactants
%High Flash Kerosene %Water 0.10 0.3 0.45 1.0
80 Stable Stable Stable Stable
40 60 Stable Stable Stable Stable
50 50 Stable Stable Stable Stable
60 40 Unstable Stable Stable Stable
70 30 Unstable Unstable Stable Stable
80 20 Unstable Unstable Unstable Stable
Example 4: Emulsion Stability
The method of Example 2 including BAC was repeated using High Flash kerosene as the
non-polar phase. The stability of the emulsions was assessed and the results are shown in
Table 4:
Table 4
Carrier % surfactant system + 1% v/v BAC
0.45
% High Flash Kerosene %Water 0.10 0.2 0.35
80 Stable Stable Stable Stable
40 60 Stable Stable Stable Stable
50 50 Stable Stable Stable Stable
60 40 Unstable Stable Stable Stable
70 30 Unstable Stable Stable Stable
80 20 Unstable Unstable Unstable Stable
Example 5: Emulsion Stability
Emulsions were prepared with water and high flash kerosene at ratios of 60:40 and 40:60.
The emulsions were prepared with a surfactant system of polyethoxylated oleylamine
( H untsman Teric 16M2) and 57% liner dodecyl benzene sulfonate in 2-ethylhexanol
(N ansa EVM 70/2E) in a ration of 4:1. The surfactant system was added to the high flash
kerosene which contained copper naphthenate at a copper concentration of 20g/L of the
high flash kerosene. The surfactant system was added to the high flash kerosene/copper
naphthenate composition in amounts to provide concentrations of surfactant system of 0.2,
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0.4 and 0.6 % v/v of the total emulsion composition. The water was added and the
composition mixed with high shear mixing for 15 seconds. The stability of the emulsions
was assessed as described in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 5:
Table 5
Carrier % Mixed Surfactants
% CuNap in HFK %Water 0.2 0.4 0.6
40 60 Unstable Unstable Stable
60 40 Unstable Unstable Stable
The addition of wood preserving active ingredient does not affect emulsion stability.
Example 6: Permeability of emulsions in wood.
A simple methodology was developed to assess permeability of the emulsions into wood.
Emulsions were prepared with varying ratios of white spirits and water, 80:20, 60:40,
50:50, 40:60, 30:70, 20:80, containing 0.1% v/v surfactant system (Te ric 16M2:Nansa
EVM 70/2E 4:1) for all emulsions except for the white spirit:water 20:80 which had 1%
surfactant system.
90 x 45 x 300 mm lengths of timber (Pinus elliottii) were used. At regular intervals along
the piece length 0.25 mL of each emulsion was dropped onto the tangential face with
penetration in the radial direction.
The time taken for 0.25 mL of the emulsion to penetrate into the timber was assessed. The
results are shown in Table 6:
Table 6
% White
% Water Spirits % Mixed Surfactant 0.25 mL applied to Surface of wood
80 20 0.10 120 sec
60 40 0.10 360 sec
50 50 0.10 135 sec
40 60 0.20 60 sec
70 0.20 40 sec
80 1 30 sec
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Increasing non-polar solvent concentrations increases the rate of permeability.
Example 7
The method of Example 6 was repeated with emulsions further comprising 1% of a 150g/L
BAC solution. The results are shown in Table 7:
Table 7
% 150 g/L 0.25 mL applied to
% White Spirits % Water %Mixed Surfactant
BAC Surface of wood
80 20 0.10 1 55 sec
60 40 0.10 1 45 sec
50 50 0.10 1 35 sec
40 60 0.20 1 30 sec
70 0.20 1 30 sec
80 1 1 30 sec
The presence of BAC dramatically reduced the time taken for the emulsion to be absorbed,
demonstrating improved permeability.
Example 8
The method of Example 6 was repeated with high flash kerosene as the non-polar phase.
The results are shown in Table 8:
Table 8
0.25 mL applied to Surface of
% HFK % Water % Mixed Surfactant
wood
80 0.10 135 sec
40 60 0.10 1140 sec
50 50 0.10 840 sec
60 40 0.20 280 sec
70 30 0.20 190 sec
80 20 0.45 60 sec
Example 9
The method of Example 7 was repeated with high flash kerosene as the non-polar phase.
The results are shown in Table 9.
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Table 9
0.25 mL applied to
% HFK % Water % Mixed Surfactant % 150 g/L BAC
Surface of wood
80 0.10 1 70
40 60 0.10 1 300
50 50 0.10 1 285
60 40 0.20 1 180
70 30 0.20 1 100
80 20 0.45 1 60
Example 10
An emulsion with a ratio of 80:20 white spirit : water containing a surfactant system of
Teric 16M2:Nansa EVM 70/2E, 4:1 at a concentration of 0.4% v/v was prepared.
End sealed 425 mm x 140 mm x 35 mm samples of hoop pine and slash pine sapwood
were treated using a low pressure Lowry process as set out in Table 10:
Table 10
Sequence step Pressure (kP a) Time (se c)
Flood 0 30
Pressure 80 300
Drain 0 30
Final Vac -90 360
The average uptake of emulsion composition is shown in Table 11:
Table 11
Emulsion Uptake solvent Uptake water Sapwood
Species Size
3 3 3
Uptake (L/m ) ( L/m ) (L/m ) Penetration
Hoop 140 x 35 62 49.6 12.4 100
Slash 140 x 35 48.4 38.7 9.7 100
In all cases 100% sapwood penetration was achieved.
The initial moisture content of the timber treated was 12%, and the treatment gave an
average moisture increase as shown in Table 12:
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Table 12
Species Size Uptake water (L/m ) Moisture content increase %
Hoop 140 x 35 12.4 1.8
Slash 140 x 35 9.7 1.7
The moisture increase was not enough to have a detrimental impact on wood strength.
Example 11
The method of Example 10 was repeated with slash pine samples and with a different low
pressure Lowry process as set out in Table 13:
Table 13
Sequence step Pressure (kP a) Time (se c)
Flood 0 30
Pressure 50 300
Drain 0 30
Final Vac -90 360
The average uptake of emulsion composition is shown in Table 14:
Table 14
Emulsion Uptake Uptake solvent Uptake water Sapwood
Species Size
3 3 3
(L/m ) (L/m ) ( L/m ) Penetration
Slash 140 x 35 40.1 32.1 8.0 100
In all samples 100% sapwood penetration was achieved.
The initial moisture content of the timber treated was 12%, and the treatment gave an
average moisture content increase of 1.4% as shown in Table 15:
Table 15
Species Size Uptake water (L/m ) Moisture content increase %
Slash 140 x 35 8.0 1.4
The moisture increase was not enough to have a detrimental impact on wood strength.
Example 12
An emulsion with a ratio of 60:40 white spirits : water containing a surfactant system of
H:\K YG\ In terwoven\N RPortbl\D CC\K YG\7841298_1. doc-2/07/2015
Teric 16M2:Nansa EVM70/2E ina 4:1 ratio at a concentration of 0.4% v/v was prepared.
End sealed 425 mm lengths of slash pine having dimensions:
70 x 35mm
90 x 45mm
140 x 35mm
were used in the treatment.
Treatment was carried out using a low pressure Lowry process as set out in Table 16.
Table 16
Sequence step Pressure (kP a) Time (se c)
Flood 0 30
Pressure 100 300
Drain 0 30
Final Vac -90 360
The average uptake of emulsion composition for the 70 x 35 mm samples is shown in
Table 17:
Table 17
Emulsion Uptake solvent Uptake water Sapwood
Species Size
3 3 3
Uptake (L/m ) (L/m ) (L/m ) Penetration
Slash 70 x 35 36.9 21.8 14.8 100
In all samples 100% sapwood penetration was achieved.
The initial moisture content of the timber was 12%, and the treatment gave an average
moisture content increase of 2.6% as shown in Table 18:
Table 18
Uptake water Moisture content
Species Size
(L/m ) increase %
Slash 140 x 35 14.8 2.6
The moisture increase was not enough to have a detrimental impact on wood strength.
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Example 13
The method of Example 12 was repeated with a different low pressure Lowry process as
set out in Table 19:
Table 19
Sequence step Pressure (kP a) Time (se c)
Flood 0 30
Pressure 100 420
Drain 0 30
Final Vac -90 360
The average uptake of emulsion composition is shown in Table 20:
Table 20
Emulsion Uptake Uptake solvent Uptake water Sapwood
Species Size
3 3 3
(L/m ) (L/m ) ( L/m ) Penetration
Slash 90 x 45 56.7 34.0 22.7 100
Slash 140 x 35 37.4 22.5 15.0 100
In all samples 100% sapwood penetration was achieved.
The initial moisture content of the timber treated was 12%, and the treatment gave an
average moisture content increase as shown in Table 21:
Table 21
Species Size Uptake water Moisture content
(L/m ) increase %
Slash 90 x 45 22.7 4.1
Slash 140 x 35 15.0 2.7
Example 14
An emulsion with a 60:40 ratio of white spirits to water was prepared with zinc octanoate
as a penetration marker and a surfactant system containing polyethoxylated oleylamine
(H untsman Teric 16M2) and 57% dodecyl benzene sulfonate in 2-ehtylhexanol (N ansa
EVM 70/2E) in a 4:1 ratio in an amount of 0.5% v/v of the emulsion composition.
Timber treated was sapwood of Pinus radiata with the dimensions 425 mm x 70 mm x 35
mm. The timber samples were end sealed.
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Two low pressure Lowry processes were used and the uptake and penetration of the
composition was assessed using spot testing with 1-(2 -pyridylazo)naphthol (P AN)
indicator.
The two low pressure Lowry process conditions are shown in Table 22:
Table 22
Treatment 1 Treatment 2
Sequence Step Pressure (kPa) Time (s) Pressure (kPa) Time (s)
Flood 0 5 0 5
Pressure 80 120 40 120
Drain 0 60 0 60
Vacuum -90 600 -90 600
The uptake of the emulsion composition is shown in Table 23:
Table 23
Treatment 1 Treatment 2
Radiata Pine
( L/m ) (L/m )
1 70.1 42.6
2 66.6 44.4
3 49.0 36.0
4 46.2 35.7
112.5 59.1
6 107.0 73.0
Average 75.2 48.5
StdDev 28.4 14.7
% CV 37.7 30.4
In all samples 100% penetration of the sapwood was achieved.
Example 15
An emulsion with 80:20 white spirits to water was prepared with copper naphthenate as a
penetration marker and a surfactant system containing polyethoxylated oleylamine
(H untsman Teric 16M2) and 57% dodecyl benzene sulfonate in 2-ehtylhexanol (N ansa
EVM 70/2E) i n a 4:1 ratio in an amount of 0.5% v/v of the emulsion composition.
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Two timber species, slash pine (Pinus elliottii) 400 mm x 90 mm x 45 mm and hoop pine
(Arauc aria cunninghamii) 400 mm x 190 mm x 40 mm, were end sealed and treated with
the low pressure Lowry process shown in Table 24:
Table 24
Sequence Step Pressure (kPa) Time (s)
Flood 0 5
Pressure 40 90
Drain 0 60
Vacuum -90 600
The average uptake of emulsion for the slash pine was 45.7 L/m and for the hoop pine
52.2 L/m . In all samples, spot tests for penetration showed 100% sapwood penetration.
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Claims (7)
1. A composition for treating wood comprising a carrier and at least one wood preserving compound; wherein the wood preserving compound is selected from a fungicide, bactericide, insecticide and mixtures thereof; said carrier being an emulsion comprising: a) a hydrophobic phase comprising one or more oils and/or non-polar solvents; b) a hydrophilic phase comprising one or more polar and/or hydrophilic solvents; and c) a surfactant system comprising: i) a non-ionic polyethoxylated alkyl amine and ii) an anionic C -C alkyl benzene sulfonate. 10 14
2. A composition according to claim 1 further comprising a quaternary ammonium salt.
3. A composition according to claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the ratio of non-ionic polyethoxylated alkylamine to anionic C -C alkylbenzene sulfonate is in the range of 10 14 4:0.5 to 4:1.5.
4. A composition according to claim 3 wherein the ratio of non-ionic polyethoxylated alkylamine to anionic C -C alkylbenzene sulfonate is about 4:1. 10 14
5. A composition of any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein the surfactant system is present in the carrier in an amount of 0.05% to 2% v/v.
6. A composition of any one of claims 2 to 5 wherein the quaternary ammonium salt is present in the carrier in an amount of from 0.1% to 5% v/v.
7. A composition of any one of claims 1 to 6 wherein the non-ionic polyethoxylated alkylamine is ethoxylated oleylamine. H:\K YG\In terwoven\N RPortbl\ D CC\K YG\7841298_1. doc-
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AU2013901555A AU2013901555A0 (en) | 2013-05-03 | Composition and method for treating wood |
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