NZ623861B2 - Prodrugs of secondary amine compounds - Google Patents
Prodrugs of secondary amine compounds Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NZ623861B2 NZ623861B2 NZ623861A NZ62386112A NZ623861B2 NZ 623861 B2 NZ623861 B2 NZ 623861B2 NZ 623861 A NZ623861 A NZ 623861A NZ 62386112 A NZ62386112 A NZ 62386112A NZ 623861 B2 NZ623861 B2 NZ 623861B2
- Authority
- NZ
- New Zealand
- Prior art keywords
- substituted
- compound
- alkyl
- use according
- alkenyl
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000651 prodrug Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 112
- 229940002612 prodrugs Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 112
- -1 secondary amine compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 155
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 137
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 120
- 229940079593 drugs Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 116
- 238000007918 intramuscular administration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 230000002459 sustained Effects 0.000 claims description 41
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 36
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- KVWDHTXUZHCGIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Olanzapine Chemical compound C1CN(C)CCN1C1=NC2=CC=CC=C2NC2=C1C=C(C)S2 KVWDHTXUZHCGIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 17
- 229960005017 olanzapine Drugs 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 241000700159 Rattus Species 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- NDAUXUAQIAJITI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Salbutamol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)NCC(O)C1=CC=C(O)C(CO)=C1 NDAUXUAQIAJITI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- DUGOZIWVEXMGBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Adhd patch Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C(=O)OC)C1CCCCN1 DUGOZIWVEXMGBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229960002052 salbutamol Drugs 0.000 claims description 12
- 229960001344 Methylphenidate Drugs 0.000 claims description 11
- JAUOIFJMECXRGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Neoclaritin Chemical compound C=1C(Cl)=CC=C2C=1CCC1=CC=CN=C1C2=C1CCNCC1 JAUOIFJMECXRGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004433 nitrogen atoms Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 10
- 229960004751 varenicline Drugs 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 229960000245 rasagiline Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- QZUDBNBUXVUHMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Clozapine Chemical compound C1CN(C)CCN1C1=NC2=CC(Cl)=CC=C2NC2=CC=CC=C12 QZUDBNBUXVUHMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- ZEUITGRIYCTCEM-KRWDZBQOSA-N Duloxetine Chemical compound C1([C@@H](OC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=2)CCNC)=CC=CS1 ZEUITGRIYCTCEM-KRWDZBQOSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- IMYZQPCYWPFTAG-IQJOONFLSA-N Mecamylamine Chemical compound C1C[C@@H]2C(C)(C)[C@@](NC)(C)[C@H]1C2 IMYZQPCYWPFTAG-IQJOONFLSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 208000002193 Pain Diseases 0.000 claims description 8
- RUOKEQAAGRXIBM-GFCCVEGCSA-N Rasagiline Chemical compound C1=CC=C2[C@H](NCC#C)CCC2=C1 RUOKEQAAGRXIBM-GFCCVEGCSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- JQSHBVHOMNKWFT-DTORHVGOSA-N Varenicline Chemical compound C12=CC3=NC=CN=C3C=C2[C@H]2C[C@@H]1CNC2 JQSHBVHOMNKWFT-DTORHVGOSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 229960004170 clozapine Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 229960002525 mecamylamine Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- SYOKIDBDQMKNDQ-HHUWHTLVSA-N (2S)-1-[2-[[(5S,7R)-3-hydroxy-1-adamantyl]amino]acetyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile Chemical compound C([C@@H]1C[C@H](C2)CC(C1)(C1)O)C21NCC(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C#N SYOKIDBDQMKNDQ-HHUWHTLVSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- VHGCDTVCOLNTBX-QGZVFWFLSA-N Atomoxetine Chemical compound O([C@H](CCNC)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1C VHGCDTVCOLNTBX-QGZVFWFLSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 206010003736 Attention deficit/hyperactivity disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 210000004369 Blood Anatomy 0.000 claims description 7
- 229960002464 Fluoxetine Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- IUBSYMUCCVWXPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Metoprolol Chemical compound COCCC1=CC=C(OCC(O)CNC(C)C)C=C1 IUBSYMUCCVWXPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229960002237 Metoprolol Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- RTHCYVBBDHJXIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(CCNC)OC1=CC=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1 RTHCYVBBDHJXIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- DRHKJLXJIQTDTD-OAHLLOKOSA-N Tamsulosine Chemical compound CCOC1=CC=CC=C1OCCN[C@H](C)CC1=CC=C(OC)C(S(N)(=O)=O)=C1 DRHKJLXJIQTDTD-OAHLLOKOSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000003282 alkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 229960002430 atomoxetine Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 201000006287 attention deficit hyperactivity disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229960001271 desloratadine Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- DCOPUUMXTXDBNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N diclofenac Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1NC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl DCOPUUMXTXDBNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229960002866 duloxetine Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 229960002613 tamsulosin Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 229960001254 vildagliptin Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- METKIMKYRPQLGS-GFCCVEGCSA-N (R)-atenolol Chemical compound CC(C)NC[C@@H](O)COC1=CC=C(CC(N)=O)C=C1 METKIMKYRPQLGS-GFCCVEGCSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229960002274 Atenolol Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- AVAACINZEOAHHE-VFZPANTDSA-N Doripenem Chemical compound C=1([C@H](C)[C@@H]2[C@H](C(N2C=1C(O)=O)=O)[C@H](O)C)S[C@@H]1CN[C@H](CNS(N)(=O)=O)C1 AVAACINZEOAHHE-VFZPANTDSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- GBXSMTUPTTWBMN-XIRDDKMYSA-N Enalapril Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)OCC)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 GBXSMTUPTTWBMN-XIRDDKMYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229960000873 Enalapril Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 108010061435 Enalapril Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- JUZNIMUFDBIJCM-ANEDZVCMSA-N Invanz Chemical compound O=C([C@H]1NC[C@H](C1)SC=1[C@H](C)[C@@H]2[C@H](C(N2C=1C(O)=O)=O)[C@H](O)C)NC1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 JUZNIMUFDBIJCM-ANEDZVCMSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- DMJNNHOOLUXYBV-PQTSNVLCSA-N Meropenem Chemical compound C=1([C@H](C)[C@@H]2[C@H](C(N2C=1C(O)=O)=O)[C@H](O)C)S[C@@H]1CN[C@H](C(=O)N(C)C)C1 DMJNNHOOLUXYBV-PQTSNVLCSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000005418 aryl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 229960001259 diclofenac Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 229960000895 doripenem Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 229960002770 ertapenem Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229960002260 meropenem Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- HCYAFALTSJYZDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Desimpramine Chemical compound C1CC2=CC=CC=C2N(CCCNC)C2=CC=CC=C21 HCYAFALTSJYZDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 206010020772 Hypertension Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960003914 desipramine Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000036407 pain Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940023808 Albuterol Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 206010002383 Angina pectoris Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- AHOUBRCZNHFOSL-YOEHRIQHSA-N Casbol Chemical compound C1=CC(F)=CC=C1[C@H]1[C@H](COC=2C=C3OCOC3=CC=2)CNCC1 AHOUBRCZNHFOSL-YOEHRIQHSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940119122 Clarinex Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003192 dTMP group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960002296 paroxetine Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000006273 (C1-C3) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010003119 Arrhythmia Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000006673 Asthma Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010007521 Cardiac arrhythmias Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010037211 Psychomotor hyperactivity Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003917 carbamoyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C(*)=O 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 3
- KOHIRBRYDXPAMZ-YHBROIRLSA-N (1R,1'R)-2,2'-iminobis{1-[(2R,2'S)-6-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-yl]ethanol} Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(F)=CC=C2O[C@H]1[C@H](O)CNC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC2=CC=C(F)C=C2CC1 KOHIRBRYDXPAMZ-YHBROIRLSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BPZSYCZIITTYBL-ORAYPTAESA-N (S,S)-formoterol Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C[C@H](C)NC[C@@H](O)C1=CC=C(O)C(NC=O)=C1 BPZSYCZIITTYBL-ORAYPTAESA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CDHVRXOLGDSJGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dimethyl-7-[2-(pyridin-3-ylmethylamino)ethyl]purine-2,6-dione Chemical compound C1=2C(=O)N(C)C(=O)N(C)C=2N=CN1CCNCC1=CC=CN=C1 CDHVRXOLGDSJGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SSMSBSWKLKKXGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(propan-2-ylamino)ethanol Chemical compound CC(C)NCC(O)C1=CC=CC=C1Cl SSMSBSWKLKKXGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BQXQGZPYHWWCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(9H-carbazol-4-yloxy)-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol Chemical compound N1C2=CC=CC=C2C2=C1C=CC=C2OCC(O)CNC(C)C BQXQGZPYHWWCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RLHGFJMGWQXPBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxy-3-(1H-imidazol-5-ylmethyl)benzamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=CC(CC=2NC=NC=2)=C1O RLHGFJMGWQXPBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SADQVAVFGNTEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-piperidin-4-ylethyl)-1H-indole Chemical compound C=1NC2=CC=CC=C2C=1CCC1CCNCC1 SADQVAVFGNTEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SBEOBYJLAQKTQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4-diphenyl-N-propan-2-ylcyclohexan-1-amine Chemical compound C1CC(NC(C)C)CCC1(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 SBEOBYJLAQKTQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RFIXURDMUINBMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[1-hydroxy-2-(4-phenylbutan-2-ylamino)propyl]-2,6-diiodophenol Chemical compound C=1C(I)=C(O)C(I)=CC=1C(O)C(C)NC(C)CCC1=CC=CC=C1 RFIXURDMUINBMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960002122 Acebutolol Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- GOEMGAFJFRBGGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acebutolol Chemical compound CCCC(=O)NC1=CC=C(OCC(O)CNC(C)C)C(C(C)=O)=C1 GOEMGAFJFRBGGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229950000762 Amfetaminil Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- ZHOWHMXTJFZXRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Amidephrine Chemical compound CNCC(O)C1=CC=CC(NS(C)(=O)=O)=C1 ZHOWHMXTJFZXRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ONNOFKFOZAJDHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Amineptine Chemical compound C1CC2=CC=CC=C2C(NCCCCCCC(=O)O)C2=CC=CC=C21 ONNOFKFOZAJDHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229950010351 Amosulalol Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- LVEXHFZHOIWIIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Amosulalol Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1OCCNCC(O)C1=CC=C(C)C(S(N)(=O)=O)=C1 LVEXHFZHOIWIIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NFHVTCJKAHYEQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Amphetaminil Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C#N)NC(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 NFHVTCJKAHYEQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QTGIAADRBBLJGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Articaine Chemical compound CCCNC(C)C(=O)NC=1C(C)=CSC=1C(=O)OC QTGIAADRBBLJGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960004536 BETAHISTINE Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- MGQLHRYJBWGORO-LLVKDONJSA-N Balofloxacin Chemical compound C1[C@H](NC)CCCN1C1=C(F)C=C2C(=O)C(C(O)=O)=CN(C3CC3)C2=C1OC MGQLHRYJBWGORO-LLVKDONJSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229950000805 Balofloxacin Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- UUQMNUMQCIQDMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Betahistine Chemical compound CNCCC1=CC=CC=N1 UUQMNUMQCIQDMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NWIUTZDMDHAVTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Betaxolol Chemical compound C1=CC(OCC(O)CNC(C)C)=CC=C1CCOCC1CC1 NWIUTZDMDHAVTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QSQQPMHPCBLLGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bifemelane Chemical compound CNCCCCOC1=CC=CC=C1CC1=CC=CC=C1 QSQQPMHPCBLLGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960002781 Bisoprolol Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- VHYCDWMUTMEGQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bisoprolol Chemical compound CC(C)NCC(O)COC1=CC=C(COCCOC(C)C)C=C1 VHYCDWMUTMEGQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229950003250 Bufeniode Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- PTGXAUBQBSGPKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Buphenine Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(O)C(C)NC(C)CCC1=CC=CC=C1 PTGXAUBQBSGPKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960003455 Buphenine Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- RYOOHIUJEJZCFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Camylofin Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCNC(C(=O)OCCC(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 RYOOHIUJEJZCFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DTGZHCFJNDAHEN-YSFUMNCJSA-N Cephaeline Natural products O(C)c1c(OC)cc2c([C@H]3N(C[C@@H](CC)[C@@H](C[C@H]4NCCc5c4cc(OC)c(O)c5)C3)CC2)c1 DTGZHCFJNDAHEN-YSFUMNCJSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940059344 Chantix Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- MYSWGUAQZAJSOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ciprofloxacin Chemical compound C12=CC(N3CCNCC3)=C(F)C=C2C(=O)C(C(=O)O)=CN1C1CC1 MYSWGUAQZAJSOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229950011462 Clorprenaline Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960005227 DELAPRIL Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- WOUOLAUOZXOLJQ-MBSDFSHPSA-N Delapril Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)OCC)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N(CC(O)=O)C1CC2=CC=CC=C2C1)CC1=CC=CC=C1 WOUOLAUOZXOLJQ-MBSDFSHPSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SEDQWOMFMIJKCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Demexiptiline Chemical compound C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2C(=NOCCNC)C2=CC=CC=C21 SEDQWOMFMIJKCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229950010189 Demexiptiline Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- VHSBBVZJABQOSG-MRXNPFEDSA-N Denopamine Chemical compound C1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=C1CCNC[C@@H](O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VHSBBVZJABQOSG-MRXNPFEDSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229950007304 Denopamine Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010012601 Diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- ZKGDBJAHIIXDDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimetofrine Chemical compound CNCC(O)C1=CC(OC)=C(O)C(OC)=C1 ZKGDBJAHIIXDDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JRWZLRBJNMZMFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dobutamine hydrobromide Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C(O)=CC=1CCNC(C)CCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 JRWZLRBJNMZMFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RYBJORHCUPVNMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dopexamine Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(O)=CC=C1CCNCCCCCCNCCC1=CC=CC=C1 RYBJORHCUPVNMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BMIJYAZXNZEMLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Draft:Piridocaine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCC1NCCCC1 BMIJYAZXNZEMLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960002549 ENOXACIN Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- IDYZIJYBMGIQMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Enoxacin Chemical compound N1=C2N(CC)C=C(C(O)=O)C(=O)C2=CC(F)=C1N1CCNCC1 IDYZIJYBMGIQMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UCTWMZQNUQWSLP-VIFPVBQESA-N Epinephrine Chemical compound CNC[C@H](O)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 UCTWMZQNUQWSLP-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229950006349 Esaprazole Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- INOYCBNLWYEPSB-XHSDSOJGSA-N Etoxadrol Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@H]2CO[C@](O2)(CC)C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCCN1 INOYCBNLWYEPSB-XHSDSOJGSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229950011255 Etoxadrol Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- NGOGFTYYXHNFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fasudil Chemical compound C=1C=CC2=CN=CC=C2C=1S(=O)(=O)N1CCCNCC1 NGOGFTYYXHNFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NMKSAYKQLCHXDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fendiline Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C)NCCC(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NMKSAYKQLCHXDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NMCHYWGKBADVMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fenethylline Chemical compound C1=NC=2N(C)C(=O)N(C)C(=O)C=2N1CCNC(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 NMCHYWGKBADVMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960001582 Fenfluramine Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- TVURRHSHRRELCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fenoldopam Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1C2=CC(O)=C(O)C(Cl)=C2CCNC1 TVURRHSHRRELCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LSLYOANBFKQKPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fenoterol Chemical compound C=1C(O)=CC(O)=CC=1C(O)CNC(C)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 LSLYOANBFKQKPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SIBNYOSJIXCDRI-SECBINFHSA-N Frovatriptan Chemical compound C1=C(C(N)=O)[CH]C2=C(C[C@H](NC)CC3)C3=NC2=C1 SIBNYOSJIXCDRI-SECBINFHSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229950004346 Gaboxadol Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- ZXRVKCBLGJOCEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gaboxadol Chemical compound C1NCCC2=C1ONC2=O ZXRVKCBLGJOCEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NJDRXTDGYFKORP-LLVKDONJSA-N Garenoxacin Chemical compound N([C@@H](C1=CC=2)C)CC1=CC=2C(C=1OC(F)F)=CC=C(C(C(C(O)=O)=C2)=O)C=1N2C1CC1 NJDRXTDGYFKORP-LLVKDONJSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XUBOMFCQGDBHNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gatifloxacin Chemical compound FC1=CC(C(C(C(O)=O)=CN2C3CC3)=O)=C2C(OC)=C1N1CCNC(C)C1 XUBOMFCQGDBHNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AIJTTZAVMXIJGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Grepafloxacin Chemical compound C1CNC(C)CN1C(C(=C1C)F)=CC2=C1C(=O)C(C(O)=O)=CN2C1CC1 AIJTTZAVMXIJGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OXLZNBCNGJWPRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hexoprenaline Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C(O)=CC=1C(O)CNCCCCCCNCC(O)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 OXLZNBCNGJWPRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001187 sodium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008223 sterile water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003206 sterilizing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003637 steroidlike Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000021 stimulant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005017 substituted alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004426 substituted alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960001663 sulfanilamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003765 sweetening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007916 tablet composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004213 tert-butoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(O*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001712 tetrahydronaphthyl group Chemical group C1(CCCC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003831 tetrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001113 thiadiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001984 thiazolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000335 thiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 231100000886 tinnitus Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 210000001519 tissues Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000019505 tobacco product Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000699 topical Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011778 trisodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002221 trityl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C([*])(C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1[H])[H])[H])[H])[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229960001341 troxipide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000003774 valeryl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229960003353 viquidil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
- A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
- A61K47/54—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic compound
- A61K47/542—Carboxylic acids, e.g. a fatty acid or an amino acid
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- A61P1/04—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for ulcers, gastritis or reflux esophagitis, e.g. antacids, inhibitors of acid secretion, mucosal protectants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D495/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D495/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D495/04—Ortho-condensed systems
Abstract
The disclosure relates to a compound of formula I, wherein R2 and R3 form a secondary amine-containing parent drug to form a prodrug. The prodrugs are formulated for intramuscular depot administration.
Description
/002992
PRODRUGS OF SECONDARY AMINE COMPOUNDS
RELATED APPLICATION
This application claims the benefit ofUS. Provisional Application No. 61/576,244,
filed on December 15, 2011.
The entire teachings of the above ation is incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE ION
(i) Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to gs of secondary amine compounds.
(ii) ound of the Invention
Drug delivery systems are often critical for the safe effective administration of a
biologically active agent. Perhaps the importance of these systems is best realized when
patient compliance and consistent dosing are taken into eration. For instance,
reducing the dosing requirement for a drug from four-times-a-day to a single dose per day
would have significant value in terms of ng patient compliance and optimizing
Optimization of a drug's bioavailability has many potential benefits. For patient
convenience and enhanced compliance it is generally recognized that less frequent dosing
is desirable. By extending the period through which the drug is released, a longer duration
of action per dose is ed. This will then lead to an overall improvement of dosing
parameters such as taking a drug once a day where it has previously required four times a
day dosing or once a week or even less frequently when daily dosing was previously
required. Many drugs are presently given at a once a day dosing frequency. Yet, not all of
these drugs have pharmacokinetic properties that are suitable for dosing intervals of exactly
twenty-four hours. Extending the period through which these drugs are released would also
be beneficial.
One of the fiandamental considerations in drug therapy involves the relationship
between blood levels and therapeutic activity. For most drugs, it is of primary importance
that serum levels remain between a minimally effective concentration and a potentially
toxic level. In pharmacokinetic terms, the peaks and troughs of a drug's blood levels ideally
fit well within the therapeutic window of serum concentrations. For certain therapeutic
, this window is so narrow that dosage formulation s critical.
In an attempt to address the need for improved bioavailability, several drug release
tion technologies have been developed. Enteric coatings have been used as a
protector of ceuticals in the stomach and ncapsulating active agents using
protenoid microspheres, liposomes or polysaccharides has been effective in abating
enzyme ation of the active agent. Enzyme inhibiting adjuvants have also been used
to prevent enzymatic degradation.
A wide range of pharmaceutical formulations provide sustained release through
microencapsulation of the active agent in amides of dicarboxylic acids, modified amino
acids or thermally condensed amino acids. Slow release rendering additives can also be
intermixed with a large array of active agents in tablet formulations.
While microencapsulation and enteric coating technologies impart enhanced
stability and time-release properties to active agent substances these technologies suffer
from several shortcomings. oration of the active agent is often dependent on
diffusion into the microencapsulating matrix, which may not be quantitative and may
complicate dosage reproducibility. In addition, ulated drugs rely on diffiJsion out of
the matrix or degradation of the matrix, or both, which is highly dependent on the chemical
properties and water solubility of the active agent. Conversely, water-soluble microspheres
swell by an infinite degree and, unfortunately, may release the active agent in bursts with
limited active agent available for sustained release. Furthermore, in some technologies,
control of the degradation process required for active agent release is unreliable. For
e, an enterically coated active agent depends on pH to release the active agent and,
due to variability in pH and residence time, it is ult to control the rate of release.
Several table drug delivery systems have utilized polypeptide attachment to
drugs. onally, other large polymeric carriers incorporating drugs into their matrices
are used as implants for the gradual release of drug. Yet another technology combines the
advantages of covalent drug attachment with liposome formation where the active
ingredient is attached to highly ordered lipid films.
Thus, there is a need for an active agent delivery system that poses a reduced
potential risk to the patient, is able to deliver certain active agents that have been heretofore
not ated (or are difficult to formulate in a sustained release formulation) for e
over a sustained period of time, and which is ient for patient dosing.
There is a generally recognized need for sustained delivery of drugs that can reduce
the dosing requirement and allows for controlled and sustained release of the parent drug,
and also avoids irregularities of release and cumbersome formulations encountered with
typical dissolution controlled sustained release methods.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention es an alternative approach to prodrugs for secondary
amine and related compounds which results in reduced risks to the patient. The invention
also s the period during which a ary amine parent drug, or related compound,
is released and absorbed after stration to the patient and provides a longer duration
of action per dose than is currently expected. In one embodiment, the compounds suitable
for use in the methods of the invention are labile prodrugs of secondary amine parent drugs
that are derivatized through carbamate-linked g moieties that reduce the solubility
and polarity of the prodrug compound as compared to the parent drug. The carbamate
linked esters are expected to get cleaved by esterases in viva, releasing the chemically
unstable intermediate which then releases the aldehyde linker and carbon dioxide.
In one embodiment, the invention es compounds represented by Formula 1:
\N—R1
R3/
Formula I,
wherein:
R1 is -C(0)0C(R4)(Rs)-OC(0)(G12)mR6;
wherein each R4 and R5 is ndently selected from hydrogen, C1-C3 alkyl, aryl
or substituted aryl; preferably, hydrogen or methyl;
G12 is selected from absent, NH, CH2, -S- or -O-;
m is 0 or 1;
R6 is ed from C13-C26-alkyl, substituted C13-C26-alkyl, C13-C26-alkenyl,
substituted C13-C26-alkenyl, C13-C26-alkynyl, substituted C13-C26-alkynyl, C13-C26-
cycloalkyl, and tuted 6-cycloalkyl, aryl- C13-C26-alkyl, substituted aryl-
C13-C26-alkyl, C1-C10-aryl, tuted C1-C10-aryl, heteroaryl- 6-alkyl,
substituted heteroaryl- C13-C26-alkyl; optionally substituted C13-C26-alkylaryl,
optionally substituted 6-alkenylaryl and optionally substituted C13-C26-
alkynylaryl;
R2 and R3, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a secondary
amine-containing parent drug, or a substituted secondary amine-containing parent drug.
In a preferred embodiment, the invention relates to a g of Formula I wherein
upon stration to the patient, release of the parent drug from the prodrug is sustained
release.
In another embodiment, the invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions
comprising a compound of Formula I, a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, and methods
of using a compound of Formula I in therapy.
In a further embodiment, the prodrug compounds of the invention are formulated
with a biocompatible sustained release delivery system for delivery of the prodrug wherein
the system is preferably capable of minimizing accelerated hydrolytic cleavage of the
prodrug by minimizing exposure of the prodrug to water. Preferred delivery systems
include biocompatible ric matrix delivery systems capable of minimizing the
diffilsion of water into the matrix having the g dispersed therein.
In another ment, the invention provides a method of sustained delivery of a
secondary containing parent drug comprising administering to a t an effective
amount of a prodrug compound produced by substituting a labile, hydrophobic carbamate-
linked prodrug moiety sented by —R1) on the secondary amine nitrogen atom of the
parent drug. Preferably the prodrug compound has decreased solubility under
physiological conditions and sustained activity upon dosing compared to the parent drug
compound.
In one embodiment, the secondary amine-containing parent drug is represented by
Formula II:
Formula II,
wherein R2 and R3 are as previously defined. In this embodiment the prodrug is
represented by Formula 1:
Formula I,
wherein R1, R2 and R3 are as previously defined.
The invention also provides a method of administering a secondary amine-
containing parent drug comprising administering to a subject an effective amount of a
prodrug nd (Formula I) ed by substituting a labile, hydrophobic ate-
linked prodrug moiety (-R1) on the ary amine nitrogen atom. The method
substantially eliminates undesirable side effects seen upon stration of the parent
drug itself by ng the maximum plasma concentration of the parent drug while
maintaining sustained therapeutic levels. In certain embodiments, the side effect of the
parent drug is sedation. In a preferred embodiment, the prodrug compound is a compound
of Formula I and the parent drug is a compound of Formula II.
In another embodiment, the invention provides a method of producing a g of
a parent secondary amine-containing drug compound, wherein the prodrug has decreased
solubility under physiological conditions and sustained activity upon dosing compared to
the parent drug compound. The method comprises ing the parent drug by
substituting a labile, hydrophobic prodrug moiety on the secondary amine nitrogen atom.
Preferably, the parent drug compound is represented by Formula II, the labile moiety is
represented by R1, where R1 is as defined above, and the prodrug is represented by
Formula I.
The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions sing a compound
of Formula I and methods of using a compound of Formula I in therapy.
FIGURES
Mean plasma olanzapine concentration after intramuscular injection of
Compound-56, 111, and 112 to rats.
Expanded view of mean plasma olanzapine tration after intramuscular
injection of nd-56, 111, and 112 to rats.
Plasma concentrations of pine and Compound-112 after
intramuscular administration of Compound-112.
Plasma concentrations of pine and Compound-111 after
intramuscular administration of nd-111.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The prodrug compounds of the present invention having the general structure of
Formula I provide sustained or extended release to the parent drug, where the parent drug
is produced by the enzymatic or hydrolytic cleavage of the labile R1 group:
\N—R1
R3/
Formula I,
wherein:
R1 is -C(0)0C(R4)(Rs)-OC(0)(G12)mR6;
wherein each R4 and R5 is independently selected from hydrogen, C1-C3 alkyl, aryl
or substituted aryl; preferably, hydrogen or methyl;
G12 is selected from absent, NH, CH2, -S- or -O-;
m is 0 or 1;
R6 is selected from C13-C26-alkyl, substituted C13-C26-alkyl, C13-C26-alkenyl,
substituted C13-C26-alkenyl, C13-C26-alkynyl, substituted 6-alkynyl, C13-C26-
cycloalkyl, and substituted C13-C26-cycloalkyl, aryl-C13-C26-alkyl, tuted aryl-
C13-C26-alkyl, C1-C10-aryl, substituted C1-C10-aryl, heteroaryl-C13-C26-alkyl,
substituted heteroaryl-C13-C26-alkyl; optionally substituted C13-C26-alkylaryl,
ally substituted C13-C26-alkenylaryl and optionally substituted C13-C26-
alkynylaryl;
R2 and R3, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a secondary
amine-containing parent drug or a substituted secondary containing parent drug.
In a preferred embodiment, the invention relates to a prodrug of Formula I wherein
upon administration to the t, release of the parent drug from the prodrug is sustained
release.
In one embodiment, the secondary amine-containing parent drug is represented by
Formula II:
Formula II,
n R2 and R3 are as previously defined. In this embodiment the prodrug is
represented by a 1:
\N—R
R3/ 1
Formula I,
wherein R1, R2 and R3 are as preViously .
In one embodiment, R6 is an optionally substituted C13-C26 -aliphatic, C13-C26 -
aromatic, or C13-C26 -alkoxy (carbonate) group that reduces the lity of the prodrug
under physiological conditions compared to the parent drug.
In one embodiment, both R4 and R5 are hydrogen. In another embodiment, R5 is
hydrogen and R4 is methyl. In yet a third embodiment, both R4 and R5 are methyl.
2012/002992
In one embodiment, the invention provides compounds of Formula I in which R1 is
selected from -C(O)OCH(R4)-OC(O)R6, -C(O)OCH(R4)-OC(O)OR6, -C(O)OCH(R4)-
OC(O)N(R6)R7, and -C(O)OCH(R4)-OC(O)NHR6, Where R4, R5, and R6, are as previously
defined; R7 is ed from hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl,
tic and tuted aliphatic.
In one embodiment, R6 or R7 is optionally substituted C13-C26-alkyl, C13-C26-alkenyl,
or C13-C26-alkynyl. In a preferred embodiment, R6 is optionally substituted C15-C24-alkyl,
C15-C24-alkenyl, or C15-C24-alkynyl. In a more preferred embodiment, R6 or R7 is
optionally substituted C17-C22-alkyl, C17-C22-alkenyl, or C17-C22-alkynyl. In a more
preferred embodiment, R6 is optionally substituted C19-alkyl, C19-alkenyl, or kynyl.
In a more preferred embodiment, R6 is optionally substituted C17-alkyl, C17-alkenyl, or C17-
alkynyl.
In one embodiment, R6 or R7 is a C13-C26- or C13-C26-alkyl, -alkenyl or —alkynyl
group, ponding to one of formulas (i)-(v) below.
(EH3
CH CH r-CH— Hsc—(CH2)s-<|:—§
(CH2)V
CH3 |
\ H3C_(CH2)W'C|3_§
WW;CH3 2 U
H (111) CH3 (iv)
(\3H3
ECH2)y
H20\ _
| /C 3
(CH2)Z (v) .
In these groups, r is an r selected from 11 to 24, and s is an integer selected
from 11 to 24. Each of t and u is independently an integer selected from 1 to 24, provided
that the sum of t and u is from 12 to 34. Each of V, W and x is independently an r
selected from 1 to 24, provided that the sum of V, w and x is from 13 to 44. z is an integer
selected from 1 to 10 and y is an integer selected from 11 to 24. Preferably, r is an integer
selected from 15 to 17; s is an integer selected from 15 to 17; the sum of t and u is selected
from 16 to 26; the sum of V, w and x is selected from 17 to 35; and the sum of y and z is
selected from 16 to 23. R6 can also be an alkenyl or alkynyl group derived from one of the
alkyl groups of formulas (i) to (v), by replacement of one or more carbon-carbon single
bonds with a carbon-carbon double bond or a carbon-carbon triple bond.
In another embodiment, R6 or R7 is an ally substituted B-branched C13-C26-
alkyl, C13-C26-alkenyl or C13-C26-alkynyl, preferably optionally substituted B-branched C17-
sz-alkyl, 2-alkenyl or C17-C22-alkynyl. Suitable examples of ched alkyl
groups include 2-methyl-C13-C26-alkyl and 2,2-dimethyl-C13-C26-alkyl, including 2-
methylpropyl; 2,2-dimethylpropyl; 2-methylbutyl; 2,2-dimethylbutyl; ylpentyl; 2,2-
dimethylpentyl; and lmethylbutyl.
The secondary amine-containing parent drug can be any secondary amine-
containing parent drug that induces a desired local or systemic effect. Such parent drugs
include broad classes of compounds. Several examples include: respiratory drugs,
including antiasthmatic agents; analgesic agents; antidepressants; antianginal agents;
antiarrhythmic agents; antihypertensive agents; abetic agents; antihistamines; anti-
infective agents such as antibiotics; antiinflammatory agents; antiparkinsonism drugs;
antipsychotics; antipyretic ; antiulcer agents; attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD) drugs; l nervous system stimulants; cough and cold preparations, including
decongestants; and psychostimulants.
Examples of secondary-amine containing parent drugs from which prodrugs of the
invention may be derived include: alprenolol, acebutolol, amidephrine, amineptine,
amosulalol, ine, amphetaminil, atenolol, atomoxetine, balofloxacin, bamethan,
befunolol, benazepril, benfluorex, tamine, betahistine, betaxolol, olol,
bifemelane, bisoprolol, lamide, bufeniode, amine, camylofine, carazolol,
carticaine, carvedilol, cephaeline, ciprofloxacin, clozapine, clobenzorex, clorprenaline,
entamine, delapril, demexiptiline, denopamine, desipramine, desloratadine
(clarinex), diclofenac, dimetofrine, rol, dobutamine, dopexamine, doripenem,
dorzolamide, droprenilamine, duloxetine, azine, enalapril, enoxacin, epinephrine,
ertapenem, esaprazole, esmolol, etoxadrol, fasudil, fendiline, fenethylline, fenfluramine,
fenoldopam, fenoterol, porex, ide, fluoxetine, formoterol, frovatriptan,
gaboxadol, garenoxacin, gatifloxacin, grepafloxacin, hexoprenaline, imidapril, indalpine,
indecainide,indeloxazine hydrochloride, isoxsuprine, ispronicline, labetalol, landiolol,
lapatinib, levophacetoperane, lisinopril, lomefloxacin, lotraf1ban, maprotiline,
mecamylamine, mefloquine, mepindolol, meropenem, amine, metaproterenol,
methoxyphenamine,dtmp (dextrorotary methylphenidate), methylphenidate, metipranolol,
metoprolol, mitoxantrone, mivazerol, moexipril, moprolol, moxifloxacin, nebivolol,
nifenalol, nipradilol, norfloxacin, nortriptyline, nylidrin, olanzapine, oxamniquine,
oxprenolol, oxyfedrine, paroxetine, perhexiline, phenmetrazine, phenylephrine,
phenylpropylmethylamine, pholedrine, picilorex, pimefylline, ol, pipemidic acid,
piridocaine, practolol, pradofloxacin, pramipexole, pramiverin, prenalterol, prenylamine,
prilocaine, procaterol, pronethalol, propafenone, propranolol, propylhexedrine, protokylol,
protriptyline, pseudoephedrine, reboxetine, rasagiline, sagiline, repinotan, reproterol,
rimiterol, ritodrine, saf1namide, salbutamol/albuterol, salmeterol, tan, line,
sin, sotalol, soterenol, sparfloxacin, spirapril, sulf1nalol, synephrine, tamsulosin,
tebanicline, tine, tirof1ban, tretoquinol, azidine, troxipide, varenicline
(champix), vildagliptin, zine, viquidil and xamoterol.
Preferred secondary amine-containing parent drugs from which prodrugs of the
invention are derived include atenolol, atomoxetine, clozapine, desipramine, desloratadine
(clarinex), enac, nem, tine, enalapril, ertapenem, fluoxetine, metoprolol,
mecamylamine, meropenem, phenidate, dtmp (dextrorotary methylphenidate),
olanzapine, paroxetine, pramipexole, rasagiline, sagiline, salbutamol/albuterol,
tamsulosin, cline (chantix), and vildagliptin. In a more preferred embodiment, the
secondary amine-containing parent drug is selected from clozapine, duloxetine,
mecamylamine, pramipexole, rasagiline, (r)-rasagiline, and olanzapine.
In a preferred embodiment, a compound of the invention provides sustained delivery
of the parent drug over hours, days, weeks or months when administered parenterally to a
subject. For example, the compounds can provide sustained delivery of the parent drug for
up to 7, 15, 30, 60, 75 or 90 days or longer. Without being bound by theory, it is believed
that the compounds of the invention form an insoluble depot upon parenteral
administration, for example subcutaneous, uscular or intraperitoneal injection.
The present invention is intended to encompass any parent drug compound or any
substituted parent drug compound which contains a secondary amine group and which is
biologically active and can be derivatized ing to the t invention to afford the
corresponding compounds of formula 1. While the ary containing parent
drugs from which the gs of the invention may be derived are numerous, many of the
chemical structures of the prodrugs of the invention can be characterized by certain general
structure types. One type includes those wherein the secondary amine nitrogen is part of a
cyclic ding bicyclic or tricyclic) aliphatic group such as piperidine, piperazine,
morpholine, pyrrolidine, azapine, and diazapine. Another type includes those n the
secondary amine nitrogen is a linear amine within an tic chain, or as a diaryl amine
or an aromatic amine. Examples of secondary containing parent drugs, and the
functional secondary amine group which provides the site of attachment of the carbamate-
linked prodrug moiety, are provided in the section below. Unless otherwise stated, the
structural formula of a compound herein is intend to represent all enantiomers, racemates
and diastereomers of that compound.
Prodrugs of atenolol
Atenolol is a known beta adrenergic blocker that is used in the treatment of
hypertension, angina, and arrhythmia. Its chemical name is 2-(4- {2—hydroxy[(propan
yl)amino]propoxy}phenyl)acetamide. In one embodiment, the invention relates to a
prodrug of atenolol having the following structure:
wherein R1 is as defined above; preferably R1 is selected from the ures of Tables 1-3.
Prodrugs of atomoxetine
Atomoxetine is used in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD). Its chemical name is {’)~f\7w1“fletllj¢'ln}’"(Zuniethylphenoxyfisenzenepropanamine,
In one embodiment, the invention s to a prodrug of atomoxetine having the following
structure :
IIIIIIIIO
wherein R1 is as defined above; preferably R1 is selected from the structures of Tables 1-3.
2012/002992
Prodrugs of amine
Desipramine is used in the treatment of depression. Its chemical name is 3-(lO,l l-dihydro-
5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepin-S-yl)—N—methylpropan-l-amine. In one embodiment, the invention
relates to a prodrug of desipramine having the following structure:
wherein R1 is as defined above; preferably R1 is ed from the structures of Tables 1-3.
Prodrugs of diclofenac
lO Diclofenac is a non-steroidal nflammatory agent (NSAID with antipyretic and
analgesic actions. Its chemical name is 2- {2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino]phenyl}acetic
acid. In one embodiment, the invention relates to a prodrug of diclofenac having the
following structure:
wherein R1 is as defined above; preferably R1 is selected from the structures of Tables 1-3.
WO 88255
gs of duloxetine
Duloxetine is a known selective serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake tor
(selective SNRI) that is used in the treatment of depression and anxiety. Its chemical name
is methyl[(3S)—3-(naphthalen-l-yloxy)(thiophenyl)propyl]amine. In one
embodiment, the invention relates to a prodrug of duloxetine having the following
structure :
wherein R1 is as defined above; preferably R1 is selected from the structures of Tables 1-3.
Prodrugs of ril
Enalapril is a known angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that is used in
the treatment of hypertension. Its chemical name is (ZS)- l -[(ZS){[(ZS)- l -ethoxy0X0-
4-phenylbutanyl]amino}propanoyl]pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid. In one embodiment,
the invention relates to a prodrugKof enalapril having the following structure:
coin;
wherein R1 is as defined above; preferably R1 is selected from the structures of Tables 1-3.
2012/002992
Prodrugs of fluoxetine
Fluoxetine is a known highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the
treatment of depression. Its chemical name is ({3-phenyl[4-
oromethyl)phenoxy]propyl})amine. In one embodiment, the invention relates to a
prodrug of fluoxetine having the following structure:.
wherein R1 is as defined above; preferably R1 is selected from the structures of Tables 1-3.
Prodrugs of metoprolol
Metoprolol is a known cardioselective Bl-adrenergic blocking agent used in the
treatment of acute myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure, angina pectoris and mild to
te hypertension. Its chemical name is {2-hydroxy[4-(2-
methoxyethyl)phenoxy]propyl}(propanyl)amine. In one embodiment, the invention
relates to a prodrug of metoprolol having the following structure:
N 0
R1 HO
wherein R1 is as defined above; preferably R1 is selected from the structures of Tables 1-3.
Prodrugs of mecamylamine
Mecamylamine is a known nicotinic antagonist used in the treatment of smoking
addiction and depression. Its chemical name is N,2,3,3-tetramethylbicyclo[2.2. l]heptan
amine. In one embodiment, the invention relates to a g of mecamylamine having the
following structure:
wherein R1 is as defined above; preferably R1 is selected from the structures of Tables 1-3.
2012/002992
Prodrugs of pramipexole
Pramipexole is a known goline dopamine agonist used in the treatment of
Parkinson’s disease and restless legs syndrome (RLS). Its chemical name is (6R)N—
propyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-l,3-benzothiazole-2,6-diamine. In one embodiment, the
invention relates to a g of pramipexole having the following structure:
x CCTM
/\/”
n R1 is as defined above; preferably R1 is selected from the structures of Tables 1-3.
Prodrugs of rasagiline
Rasagiline is a known irreversible tor of monoamine oxidase used in the
treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Its chemical name is (lR)-N-(propyn-l-yl)-2,3-
dihydro-lH-inden-l-amine. In one embodiment, the invention relates to a prodrug of
rasagiline having the following structure:
wherein R1 is as defined above; preferably R1 is selected from the structures of Tables 1-3.
WO 88255
g R z-Rasagiline
(R)-Rasagiline is a known rsible inhibitor of ine oxidase used in the
treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Its chemical name is —(propyn-l-yl)-2,3-
dihydro-lH-inden-l-amine. In one embodiment, the ion relates to a prodrug of (R)-
rasagiline having the following structure:
wherein R1 is as defined above; preferably R1 is selected from the structures of Tables 1-3.
Prodrugs of salbutamol
Salbutamol is a known short-acting, selective beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist
used in the treatment of asthma and Chronic {)bstructive Pulmonary Ifiisease (COPD). The
chemical name of salbutamol is 4-[2-(tert-butylamino)-l-hydroxyethyl]—2-
(hydroxymethyl)phenol. In one embodiment, the invention relates to a prodrug of
salbutamol having the following structure:
OH R1
HO \’<
wherein R1 is as defined above; preferably R1 is selected from the structures of Tables 1-3.
Prodrugs of tamsulosin
Tamsulosin is a known selective antagonist of 1A and alpha-lB-
adrenoceptors that is used in the treatment of hypertrophy of the prostate. Its chemical
name is )—2- {[2-(2-ethoxyphenoxy)ethyl]amino}propyl]methoxybenzene- l -
sulfonamide. In one embodiment, the invention relates to a prodrug of tamsulosin having
the ing structure:
s K
H2N/ \\
wherein R1 is as defined above; preferably R1 is selected from the structures of Tables 1-3.
Prodrugs of vildagliptin
Vildagliptin is a known anti-hyperglycemic agent (anti-diabetic drug) of the
dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor class of drugs that is used to inhibit the
inactivation of glucagon-like e-l (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic
polypeptide (GIP) by DPP-4. Its chemical name is - {2-[(3-hydroxyadamantan-lyl
)amino]acetyl}pyrrolidinecarbonitrile. In one embodiment, the invention relates to a
prodrug of vildagliptin having the following structure:
O N
\N N
wherein R1 is as defined above; preferably R1 is selected from the ures of Tables 1-3.
Prodrug Chemistm via ary Nitrogen of Azep_ine Moiety
Prodrugs of varenicline
Varenicline is a known partial agonist of the alpha4/beta2 subtype of the nicotinic
acetylcholine receptor that is used in the treatment of smoking addiction. Its chemical name
is 7,8,9,lO-tetrahydro- 6,lO-methano- azino (2,3-h)(3) epine. In one
embodiment, the invention relates to a prodrug of varenicline having the following
structure :
N—R1
wherein R1 is as defined above; preferably R1 is selected from the structures of Tables 1-3.
WO 88255
Prodrug Chemistry via Secondary Nitrogen of Diazepine Moiety
Clozapine
ine is a known atypical antipsychotic agent that used in the treatment of
neurodisorders. Its chemical name is 8-chloro-l 1-(4-methylpiperazinyl)-5H—
dibenzo[b,e][l,4]diazepine. In one embodiment, the ion relates to a prodrug of
clozapine having the following structure:
R1 C)
wherein R1 is as defined above; preferably R1 is selected from the structures of Tables 1-3.
In one embodiment, the invention relates to a prodrug of clozapine having the
following structure:
wherein R1 is as defined above; preferably R1 is selected from the structures of Tables 1-3.
WO 88255
Olanzapine
pine is a known atypical antipsychotic that is used in the treatment of
schizophrenia and bipolar disorder as well as other neurodisorders. Its chemical name is 2-
methyl(4-methyl- l -piperazinyl)- l eno [2,3 -b] [ l ,5 ]benzodiazepine. In one
embodiment, the invention relates to a prodrug of olanzapine having the following
structure :
wherein R1 is as defined above; preferably R1 is selected from the structures of Tables 1-3.
In one embodiment, the invention relates to a prodrug of olanzapine having the
following structure:
wherein R1 is as defined above; preferably R1 is selected from the structures of Tables 1-3.
Prodru Chemist via Seconda Nitro en of Pi eridine Moiet
Desloratadine
Desloratadine is a known Hl-antagonist and is used as a non-sedating
antihistamine. Its al name is 8-chloro-6,l l-dihydro-l l-(4-piperdinylidene)- 5H-
benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[l,2-b]pyridine. In one embodiment, the ion relates to a
prodrug of desloratadine having the following structure:
wherein R1 is as defined above; preferably R1 is selected from the structures of Tables 1-3.
Prodrugs of methylphenidate
Methylphenidate is a known psychostimulant that is used in the treatment of
attention deficit disorders and epsy. Its chemical name is methyl yl
(piperidinyl)acetate. In one embodiment, the invention relates to a prodrug of
methylphenidate having the ing structure:
wherein R1 is as defined above; preferably R1 is ed from the structures of Tables 1-3.
Prodrugs of dexmethylphenidate
Dexmethylphenidate is the dextrorotary form of methylphenidate. It is a
norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI) and a psychostimulant, and is used for
the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Its chemical name is
methyl (2R)phenyl[(2R)-piperidinyl]acetate. In one embodiment, the invention
relates to a prodrug of dexmethylphenidate having the following structure:
wherein R1 is as defined above; preferably R1 is selected from the structures of Tables 1-3.
Prodrugs of p_aroxetine
Paroxetine is a known serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of
depression. Its chemical name is )[(2H-l,3-benzodioxolyloxy)methyl](4-
fluorophenyl)piperidine. In one ment, the invention relates to a prodrug of
peroxetine having the following structure:
wherein R1 is as defined above; preferably R1 is selected from the structures of Tables 1-3.
g Chemistg via Secondag Nitrogen of Pyrrolidine Moietv_
Doripenem
Doripenem is a known broad spectrum otic that is used in the treatment of
bacterial infections. Its chemical name is (4R,5S,6S)(l-hydroxyethyl)methyloxo
[(3S,5S)—5 - [(sulfamoylamino)methyl]pyrrolidin-3 -yl]sulfanyl- l -azabicyclo [3 .2.0]hept
enecarboxylic acid. In one embodiment, the invention relates to a prodrug of doripenem
having the ing structure:
0 O
N \S/
N/ \NH2
N /
O OH
wherein R1 is as defined above; preferably R1 is selected from the structures of Tables 1-3.
Prodrugs of ertapenem
Ertapenem is a known broad spectrum antibiotic that is used in the treatment of
bacterial infections. Its chemical name is (4R,SS,6S) { [(3 8,5 S)—5-[(3-
yphenyl)carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-3 -yl] sulfanyl} [( l R)- l -hydroxyethyl] methyl
oxo-l-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptenecarboxylic acid. In one embodiment, the invention
relates to a prodrug of nem having the following structure:
R1 0
N / OH
O OH
wherein R1 is as defined above; preferably R1 is selected from the structures of Tables 1-3.
Prodrugs ofmeropenem
Meropenem is a known broad spectrum antibiotic that is used in the ent of
bacterial infections. Its chemical name is (4R,SS,6S){[(2S,SS)
(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidinyl]sulfanyl} [( l R)- l -hydroxyethyl]methyloxo- l -
azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptenecarboxylic acid. In one embodiment, the invention relates to
a prodrug of meropenem having the following structure:
HO \
N / N\R1
wherein R1 is as defined above; preferably R1 is selected from the structures of Tables 1-3.
In preferred ments, R1 in a I is selected from Tables 1-3.
Table 1
14 DVD 16 DVD
W >3, 2'
O 1: ”i: I
X‘flfi/OVO\n/E :<J\"N
O 0 O
O O
_< 02g; 4%a02$
O 0:; i0% ,N" 4< :<
O O
O +002:”
+0oi +002:”
E if O <00 M
O O (3
0 O
W12 OWE «3 W13 0v“
0 O
VEWOVOYZ \n/E. Yo OVO
O O
WO 88255
0003
WqTr
wherein
eachj is independently 0,1, 2, 3, 4,5, 6, 7, 8,9,10,11,12,l3,14,15,16,l7,18,19,20,
21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, or 27; and
each k is independently 1, 2, 3, 4,5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10.
In a further embodiment, the g compounds of the invention are formulated
with a biocompatible sustained release delivery system for delivery of the prodrug wherein
the system is preferably capable ofminimizing accelerated hydrolytic cleavage of the
prodrug by minimizing exposure of the prodrug to water. Preferred delivery s
include biocompatible polymeric matrix delivery systems capable of minimizing the
diffilsion of water into the matrix having the prodrug sed therein.
In another embodiment, the invention provides a method of ned delivery of a
ary amine-containing parent drug comprising administering to a subject an effective
amount of a prodrug nd produced by substituting a labile, hydrophobic carbamate-
linked prodrug moiety (represented by —R1) on the secondary amine nitrogen atom of the
parent drug. Preferably the prodrug compound has decreased solubility under
physiological ions and sustained activity upon dosing ed to the parent drug
compound.
Sustained release drug formulations often contain higher s of drugs than
immediate release formulations. Functionality and safety of a sustained release formulation
are based on a reliable and controlled rate of drug release from the formulation over an
ed period of time after administration. The drug release profile of a formulation
often depends on the chemical environment of the sustained e formulation, for
example, on pH, ionic strength and presence of solvents such as ethanol.
The relatively high amount of drug that is present in a sustained release formulation
can, in some instances, harm a patient if the formulation releases the drug at a rate that is
faster than the intended controlled release rate. If the formulation releases the drug at a rate
that is slower than the intended controlled release rate, the therapeutic efficacy of the drug
can be reduced.
In most cases, partial or total failure of a ned release formulation results in a
rapid release of the drug into the bloodstream. This rapid release is generally faster than the
ed sustained release of the drug from the formulation, and is sometimes referred to as
"dose dumping."
Dose dumping can create severe consequences for a patient, including permanent
harm and even death. Examples of drugs that can be fatal if the therapeutically beneficial
dose is exceeded, e. g., by dose dumping, include pain medications such as opioids, as well
as other agents active in the central nervous system. In those situations where dose
dumping may not be fatal, dose dumping may at least be responsible for the side effect of
sedation or coma in the t.
In a red ment, a compound of the invention provides ned
delivery of the parent drug over hours, days, weeks or months when administered, for
example, orally or parenterally, to a subject. For example, the compounds can provide
sustained delivery of the parent drug for up to 7, 15, 30, 60, 75 or 90 days or longer.
Without being bound by theory, it is believed that the compounds of the invention form an
insoluble depot upon parenteral administration, for example subcutaneous, intramuscular
or intraperitoneal injection.
The term “labile” as used herein refers to the capacity of the prodrug of the
invention to undergo enzymatic and/or chemical cleavage in viva thereby forming the
parent drug. As used herein the term “prodrug” means a nds as disclosed herein
which is a labile derivative compound of a parent drug which when administered to a
patient in viva becomes cleaved by chemical and/or enzymatic hydrolysis thereby forming
the parent drug such that a sufficient amount of the compound ed to be delivered to
the t is available for its intended therapeutic use in a sustained e manner.
The terms “sustained release”, ined delivery” and “extended release” are used
interchangeably herein to indicate that the prodrugs of the ion provide release of the
parent drug by any mechanism including slow first-order kinetics of absorption or zero-
order kinetics of absorption, such that the parent drug which is released from the prodrug
provides a longer duration of action than the duration of action of the parent drug when
administered alone (i.e. not as a prodrug of the invention). In ance with the
invention, “sustained release” of the gs of the invention may include other
pharmacokinetic indices such as a lower maximum concentration (Cmax) of parent drug in
the blood and/or an extended period of time for the parent drug to reach maximum
concentration in the blood (Tmax) as compared to the Cmax and Tmax when the parent
drug is administered alone. Sustained release may also decrease concentration tions
in the body, as indicated by plasma concentration-time profiles.
It is understood that any of the parent prodrugs of the invention may be further
substituted as that term is defined herein, so long as the substituted parent drug or parent
prodrug, which when administered to a t in viva, becomes cleaved by chemical
and/or enzymatic hydrolysis thereby releasing the parent drug moiety such that a sufficient
amount of the compound intended to be delivered to the patient is available for its intended
therapeutic use in a sustained e manner. A parent drug or parent prodrug may be
further substituted for any purpose including, but not limited to, stabilization of the parent
during synthesis of the prodrug and stabilization of the prodrug for administration to the
patient.
In one embodiment, the present ion provides a method of treating a
neurological or psychiatric disorder or disease in a t in need thereof, by conjugating a
labile moiety to a parent drug useful for ng a neurological or psychiatric disorder or
disease. The method comprises administering to the subject a therapeutically effective
amount of a compound of the invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
The term “neurological or psychiatric disorder”, as this term is used herein, is a
e or disorder of the central nervous system that is manifested in mood and/or
behavioral abnormalities. Examples of neurological or psychiatric disorders include, but
are not limited to, disorders such as cerebral def1cit subsequent to cardiac bypass surgery
and ng, stroke, cerebral ischemia, spinal cord trauma, head trauma, perinatal hypoxia,
cardiac arrest, ycemic neuronal , dementia (including nduced
ia), Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's Chorea, amyotrophic lateral sis, ocular
damage, retinopathy, cognitive disorders, idiopathic and drug-induced Parkinson's disease,
Parkinsonism, muscular spasms and disorders associated with muscular spasticity
including tremors, epilepsy, convulsions, cerebral def1cits secondary to ged status
epilepticus, migraine (including migraine headache), urinary incontinence, substance
tolerance, substance withdrawal (including, substances such as opiates, nicotine, tobacco
products, alcohol, benzodiazepines, cocaine, sedatives, hypnotics, etc.), psychosis,
schizophrenia, anxiety (including generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social
, ive compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)),
attention deficit disorder (ADD), attention deficit hyperactivity er (ADHD), mood
disorders (including depression, mania, bipolar disorders), circadian rhythm ers
(including jet lag and shift work), trigeminal neuralgia, g loss, tinnitus, macular
degeneration of the eye, emesis, brain edema, pain ding acute and chronic pain states,
severe pain, intractable pain, neuropathic pain, atory pain, and post-traumatic
pain), tardive dyskinesia, sleep disorders (including narcolepsy), attention
/hyperactivity disorder, and conduct disorder.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of treating cardiac
and cardiovascular disorders such as angina, arrhythmia, and hypertension, in a patient in
need thereof. The method comprises administering to the subject a therapeutically
effective amount of a compound of the invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof.
The invention fiarther relates to the treatment of fever, diabetes, allergy, asthma,
infection, inflammation, and ulcers in a patient in need f, comprising administering
to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
The invention fiarther relates to the treatment of sleep modulation comprising
administration of a nd of Formula I. Sleep modulation includes decreasing the
time to sleep onset, sing the e sleep bout length, and increasing the maximum
sleep bout length.
The term "treatment" refers to any process, action, application, therapy, or the like,
wherein a mammal, including a human being, is subject to medical aid with the object of
improving the 's condition, directly or indirectly.
Pharmaceutical Compositions
The pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention comprise a
therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present invention ated
together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable rs or excipients.
As used herein, the term "pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipien " means a
non-toxic, inert solid, semi-solid or liquid filler, diluent, encapsulating al or
formulation auxiliary of any type. Some examples of materials which can serve as
pharmaceutically acceptable carriers are sugars such as lactose, glucose and sucrose;
extrins such as alpha- (or), beta- ([3) and gamma- (y) cyclodextrins; starches such as
corn starch and potato starch; cellulose and its derivatives such as sodium
ymethylcellulose, ethyl cellulose and cellulose acetate; powdered tragacanth; malt;
gelatin; talc; excipients such as cocoa butter and suppository waxes; oils such as peanut oil,
cottonseed oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, olive oil, corn oil and soybean oil; glycols such as
propylene glycol; esters such as ethyl oleate and ethyl laurate; agar; buffering agents such
as magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide; alginic acid; pyrogen-free water;
isotonic saline; Ringer's solution; ethyl alcohol, and phosphate buffer solutions, as well as
other xic compatible ants such as sodium lauryl sulfate and magnesium
stearate, as well as coloring agents, releasing , coating agents, sweetening, flavoring
and ing agents, preservatives and antioxidants can also be present in the
composition, according to the judgment of the ator.
The pharmaceutical compositions of this invention may be administered orally,
parenterally, by inhalation spray, topically, rectally, nasally, buccally, vaginally or via an
0.56 W0
implanted reservoir. In a preferred embodiment, administration is parenteral
administration by injection.
The pharmaceutical compositions of this invention may contain any conventional
non-toxic pharmaceutically-acceptable carriers, adjuvants or vehicles. In some cases, the
pH of the formulation may be adjusted with pharmaceutically acceptable acids, bases or
buffers to enhance the stability of the formulated compound or its delivery form. The term
parenteral as used herein includes subcutaneous, intracutaneous, intravenous,
intramuscular, intraarticular, intraarterial, intrasynovial, intrastemal, hecal,
intralesional and intracranial injection or infusion techniques.
Liquid dosage forms for oral administration include pharmaceutically acceptable
emulsions, mulsions, solutions, suspensions, syrups and elixirs. In addition to the
active compounds, the liquid dosage forms may contain inert diluents commonly used in
the art such as, for example, water or other solvents, solubilizing agents and fiers
such as ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, benzyl alcohol,
benzyl benzoate, propylene glycol, l,3-butylene , dimethylformamide, acetamide,
oils (in particular, seed, groundnut, corn, germ, olive, castor, and sesame oils),
glycerol, tetrahydrofiarfuryl l, hylene glycols and fatty acid esters of sorbitan,
and mixtures thereof. Besides inert diluents, the oral compositions can also include
adjuvants such as wetting agents, emulsifying and suspending agents, sweetening,
flavoring, and perfuming agents.
Inj ectable preparations, for example, sterile inj ectable aqueous or oleaginous
suspensions, may be formulated according to the known art using suitable sing or
wetting agents and suspending agents. The sterile injectable preparation may also be a
sterile inj ectable solution, suspension or emulsion in a nontoxic parenterally acceptable
t or solvent, for example, as a on in l,3-butanediol. INTRALIPID® is an
intravenous fat emulsion containing 10-30% soybean oil, 1-10% egg yolk phospholipids,
l-lO% glycerin and water. N® is also an intravenous fat emlusion containing 2-
% safflower oil, 2-15% soybean oil, 0.5-5% egg phosphatides l-lO% glycerin and
water. OMEGAVEN® is an emulsion for infusion containing about 5-25% fish oil, 0.5-
10% egg atides, l-lO% glycerin and water. Among the acceptable vehicles and
solvents that may be employed are water, Ringer's on, U.S.P. and ic sodium
chloride solution. In addition, e, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent
{//__ GENERAL ——//4165/3056WO/00082145/v1} Page 34 of 84
2012/002992
or suspending medium. For this purpose any bland fixed oil can be employed including
synthetic mono- or diglycerides. In addition, fatty acids such as oleic acid are used in the
preparation of inj ectables.
The inj ectable formulations can be sterilized, for example, by filtration through a
bacterial-retaining filter, or by incorporating sterilizing agents in the form of sterile solid
compositions which can be dissolved or dispersed in sterile water or other sterile inj e
medium prior to use.
Additional sustained release in accordance with the invention may be accomplished
by the use of a liquid suspension of crystalline or amorphous material with poor water
solubility. The rate of absorption of the drug then depends upon its rate of dissolution,
which, in turn, may depend upon crystal size and crystalline form. Alternatively, delayed
absorption of a parenterally stered drug form is accomplished by dissolving or
ding the drug in an oil vehicle. Injectable depot forms are made by forming
microencapsule matrices of the drug in biodegradable polymers such as polylactide-
polyglycolide. Depending upon the ratio of drug to polymer and the nature of the
particular polymer employed, the rate of drug release can be controlled. Examples of other
biodegradable polymers e poly(orthoesters) and poly(anhydrides). Depot injectable
ations are also prepared by entrapping the drug in liposomes or microemulsions that
are compatible with body tissues.
In one preferred embodiment, the formulation provides a sustained release delivery
system that is capable of minimizing the exposure of the prodrug to water. This can be
accomplished by formulating the prodrug with a sustained release delivery system that is a
polymeric matrix capable of minimizing the diffusion of water into the matrix. Suitable
polymers comprising the matrix include poly(lactide) (PLA) polymers and the
lactide/(glycolide) (PLGA) copolymers as described earlier.
Alternatively, the sustained release delivery system may se poly-anionic
les or resins that are suitable for injection or oral delivery. Suitable polyanionic
molecules e cyclodextrins and polysulfonates formulated to form a poorly e
mass that minimizes exposure of the prodrug to water and from which the prodrug slowly
leaves.
itions for rectal or vaginal administration are preferably suppositories
which can be prepared by mixing the compounds of this invention with suitable non-
irritating excipients or carriers such as cocoa butter, polyethylene glycol or a suppository
wax which are solid at ambient temperature but liquid at body temperature and therefore
melt in the rectum or vaginal cavity and release the active compound.
Solid dosage forms for oral stration include capsules, tablets, pills, powders,
and granules. In such solid dosage forms, the active compound is mixed with at least one
inert, pharmaceutically able excipient or carrier such as sodium citrate or dicalcium
phosphate and/or: a) fillers or extenders such as starches, e, sucrose, glucose,
mannitol, and silicic acid, b) binders such as, for example, ymethylcellulose,
alginates, n, polyvinylpyrrolidinone, sucrose, and acacia, c) ants such as
glycerol, d) disintegrating agents such as agar-agar, calcium carbonate, potato or tapioca
starch, alginic acid, certain silicates, and sodium carbonate, e) solution retarding agents
such as paraffin, f) absorption accelerators such as quaternary ammonium compounds, g)
wetting agents such as, for example, cetyl alcohol and glycerol monostearate, h) absorbents
such as kaolin and bentonite clay, and i) ants such as talc, calcium stearate,
magnesium stearate, solid hylene glycols, sodium lauryl sulfate, and mixtures
thereof. In the case of capsules, tablets and pills, the dosage form may also comprise
buffering agents.
Solid compositions of a similar type may also be employed as s in soft and
hard-filled gelatin es using such excipients as lactose or milk sugar as well as high
lar weight polyethylene glycols and the like.
The solid dosage forms of tablets, dragees, capsules, pills, and granules can be
ed with gs and shells such as enteric coatings and other coatings well known in
the pharmaceutical formulating art. They may optionally contain opacifying agents and
can also be of a composition that they release the active ingredient(s) only, or
preferentially, in a certain part of the intestinal tract, optionally, in a delayed manner.
Examples of embedding compositions that can be used include polymeric substances and
waxes.
Dosage forms for topical or transdermal administration of a compound of this
invention include ointments, pastes, creams, lotions, gels, powders, solutions, sprays,
inhalants or patches. The active component is admixed under sterile conditions with a
ceutically acceptable carrier and any needed vatives or buffers as may be
required. Ophthalmic formulation, ear drops, eye ointments, powders and solutions are
also contemplated as being within the scope of this ion.
The ointments, pastes, creams and gels may contain, in addition to an active
compound of this invention, excipients such as animal and ble fats, oils, waxes,
paraffins, starch, tragacanth, cellulose derivatives, polyethylene glycols, silicones,
ites, silicic acid, talc and zinc oxide, or es thereof.
Powders and sprays can contain, in addition to the compounds of this invention,
excipients such as lactose, talc, silicic acid, um hydroxide, m silicates and
ide powder, or mixtures of these substances. Sprays can additionally contain
customary propellants such as chlorofluorohydrocarbons.
Transdermal patches have the added advantage of providing controlled delivery of
a compound to the body. Such dosage forms can be made by ving or dispensing the
compound in the proper medium. Absorption ers can also be used to increase the
flux of the compound across the skin. The rate can be controlled by either providing a rate
controlling membrane or by dispersing the nd in a polymer matrix or gel.
For pulmonary delivery, a therapeutic composition of the invention is formulated
and administered to the patient in solid or liquid particulate form by direct administration
e.g., inhalation into the respiratory system. Solid or liquid particulate forms of the active
compound prepared for practicing the present invention include particles of respirable size:
that is, particles of a size sufficiently small to pass through the mouth and larynx upon
inhalation and into the bronchi and alveoli of the lungs. Delivery of aerosolized
therapeutics, particularly aerosolized antibiotics, is known in the art (see, for example US.
Pat. No. 5,767,068 to VanDevanter et al., US. Pat. No. 5,508,269 to Smith et al., and WO
98/43650 by Montgomery, all of which are orated herein by reference). A
discussion of pulmonary delivery of antibiotics is also found in US. Pat. No. 6,014,969,
incorporated herein by nce.
In preferred embodiments, the compounds of the invention, or ceutical
compositions comprising one or more compounds of the invention, are administered
parenterally, for example, by intramuscular, subcutaneous or intraperitoneal injection.
Without being bound by theory, it is believed that upon injection, compounds of the
ion form an insoluble or sparingly soluble depot from which prodrug molecules are
released over time.
By a "therapeutically effective amount" of a compound of the ion is meant an
amount of the compound which confers a therapeutic effect on the treated subject, at a
reasonable /risk ratio applicable to any medical treatment. The eutic effect
may be objective (i.e., measurable by some test or marker) or subjective (i.e., subject gives
an indication of or feels an effect). An ive amount of the compound described above
may range from about 0.1 mg/Kg to about 500 mg/Kg, preferably from about 1 to about 50
mg/Kg. Effective doses will also vary depending on route of administration, the possibility
of co-usage with other agents and the duration of release of the parent drug. It will be
understood, however, that the total daily usage of the compounds and compositions of the
present invention will be decided by the attending physician within the scope of sound
medical judgment. The specific therapeutically effective dose level for any particular
patient will depend upon a y of factors including the disorder being treated and the
severity of the disorder; the activity of the c compound employed; the c
composition ed; the age, body weight, general health, sex and diet of the patient;
the time of administration, route of administration, and rate of excretion of the specific
compound employed; the duration of the treatment; drugs used in combination or
contemporaneously with the specific compound employed; and like factors well known in
the medical arts.
The compounds of this invention can be stered to a human or other animal in
single or in divided doses, and can be in amounts for example between 0.1 to about 2,000
mg. Single dose compositions may contain such amounts or submultiples thereof to make
up the daily, weekly, biweekly, triweekly or monthly dose. In general, treatment regimens
according to the present invention comprise administration to a patient in need of such
treatment from about 5 mg to about 1000 mg of the nd(s) of this ion on a
daily, weekly, biweekly, triweekly or monthly singly dose.
The compounds of the invention can, for example, be administered by injection,
intravenously, rterially, subdermally, eritoneally, intramuscularly, or
subcutaneously; or orally, buccally, nasally, transmucosally, topically, in an ophthalmic
preparation, or by inhalation.
In a preferred ment, the administration of the compounds of the invention
s in sustained or controlled release. The compounds of the invention can be
administered with a dosage ranging from about 0.1 to about 2000 mg, Alternatively
dosages can be between about 1 mg and about 1000 mg/dose, or between about 5 and
about 800 every day, every week, every two weeks, every three weeks or every month, or
according to the requirements of the particular drug. Lower or higher doses than those
d above may be required. Specific dosage and treatment regimens for any particular
patient will depend upon a variety of factors, including the activity of the specific
compound employed, the age, body weight, general health status, sex, diet, time of
administration, rate of excretion, drug combination, the severity and course of the disease,
condition or ms, the patient’s disposition to the disease, condition or symptoms, and
the judgment of the treating physician.
Upon ement of a patient’s condition, a maintenance dose of a compound,
composition or combination of this invention may be administered, if necessary.
uently, the dosage or frequency of administration, or both, may be reduced, as a
on of the symptoms, to a level at which the improved condition is retained when the
symptoms have been alleviated to the desired level. Patients may, however, require
intermittent treatment on a long-term basis upon any recurrence of disease symptoms.
Preferred compounds of the invention exhibit sustained activity following dosing
ed to dosing with the parent drug. For example, when administered by the same
route in the same amount (as measured by equivalents of parent drug), the compounds of
the invention provide sustained therapeutic serum levels of parent drug for a significantly
longer time than the parent drug. Such stration can be oral, with sustained delivery
over hours, or parenteral, with sustained ry over days, weeks or .
Representative compounds of the invention include the compounds set forth in
Table 4 below.
Table 4
nd # Structure
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o 130. o
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Definitions
Listed below are definitions of various terms used to describe this invention. These
definitions apply to the terms as they are used throughout this specification and claims,
unless otherwise limited in specific instances, either individually or as part of a larger
group.
The term atic group” or “aliphatic” refers to a non-aromatic moiety that may
be saturated (e.g. single bond) or contain one or more units ofunsaturation, e.g., double
and/or triple bonds. An aliphatic group may be ht chained, branched or cyclic, contain
carbon, hydrogen or, optionally, one or more heteroatoms and may be substituted or
unsubstituted. In addition to aliphatic arbon groups, tic groups include, for
example, polyalkoxyalkyls, such as polyalkylene glycols, ines, and polyimines, for
example. Such tic groups may be further substituted. It is understood that aliphatic
groups may include alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl,
substituted alkynyl, and substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl groups as described herein.
The term "acyl" refers to a carbonyl substituted with hydrogen, alkyl, partially
ted or fully saturated lkyl, partially saturated or fully saturated heterocycle,
aryl, or heteroaryl. For example, acyl includes groups such as (C1-C6) alkanoyl (e. g.,
formyl, acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, valeryl, caproyl, t-butylacetyl, etc.), (C3-
C6)cycloalkylcarbonyl (e. g., cyclopropylcarbonyl, cyclobutylcarbonyl,
cyclopentylcarbonyl, cyclohexylcarbonyl, etc.), heterocyclic carbonyl (e.g.,
pyrrolidinylcarbonyl, pyrrolidonecarbonyl, piperidinylcarbonyl, piperazinylcarbonyl,
tetrahydrofilranylcarbonyl, etc.), aroyl (e.g., benzoyl) and heteroaroyl (e. g., enyl
carbonyl, thiophenylcarbonyl, furanylcarbonyl, fiJranylcarbonyl, lH-pyrroyl
carbonyl, lH-pyrroylcarbonyl, benzo[b]thiophenylcarbonyl, etc.). In addition, the
alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycle, aryl and heteroaryl portion of the acyl group may be any one
of the groups described in the respective def1nitions. When indicated as being "optionally
substituted", the acyl group may be unsubstituted or optionally substituted with one or
more substituents (typically, one to three tuents) independently selected from the
group of tuents listed below in the definition for ituted" or the alkyl,
cycloalkyl, heterocycle, aryl and heteroaryl portion of the acyl group may be substituted as
described above in the red and more red list of substituents, respectively.
The term "alkyl” is intended to include both branched and straight chain,
substituted or unsubstituted, saturated tic hydrocarbon radicals/groups having the
specified number of carbons. Preferred alkyl groups comprise about 1 to about 24 carbon
atoms (“Cl-€24”) preferably about 7 to about 24 carbon atoms (“C7-C24”), preferably about
8 to about 24 carbon atoms (“Cg-C24”), preferably about 9 to about 24 carbon atoms (“C9-
C24”). Other preferred alkyl groups comprise at about 1 to about 8 carbon atoms (“C1-C8”)
such as about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms (“C1-C6”), or such as about 1 to about 3 carbon
atoms (“C1-C3”). Examples of C1-C6 alkyl radicals include, but are not limited to, ,
ethyl, propyl, pyl, n-butyl, tert—butyl, n-pentyl, neopentyl and n-hexyl radicals.
The term "alkenyl" refers to linear or branched radicals having at least one carbon-
carbon double bond. Such radicals ably contain from about two to about twenty-four
carbon atoms (“CZ-CM”) preferably about 7 to about 24 carbon atoms (“C7-C24”),
preferably about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms (“Cg-C24”), and preferably about 9 to about 24
carbon atoms (“Cg-C24”). Other preferred alkenyl radicals are "lower alkenyl" radicals
having two to about ten carbon atoms (“Cg-Clo”) such as ethenyl, allyl, propenyl, butenyl
and 4-methylbutenyl. red lower alkenyl radicals include 2 to about 6 carbon atoms
(“C2-C6”). The terms "alkenyl", and "lower alkenyl", embrace radicals having "cis" and
"trans" orientations, or alternatively, "E" and "Z" orientations.
2012/002992
The term "alkynyl" refers to linear or branched radicals having at least one carbon-
carbon triple bond. Such radicals preferably contain from about two to about twenty-four
carbon atoms 24”) ably about 7 to about 24 carbon atoms (“C7-C24”),
preferably about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms (“Cg-C24”), and preferably about 9 to about 24
carbon atoms (“Cg-C24”). Other preferred alkynyl radicals are "lower alkynyl" radicals
having two to about ten carbon atoms such as propargyl, ynyl, 2-propynyl, l-butyne,
2-butynyl and l-pentynyl. Preferred lower l radicals include 2 to about 6 carbon
atoms (“C2-C6”).
The term alkyl" refers to saturated yclic radicals having three to about
twelve carbon atoms (“Cg-C12”). The term "cycloalkyl" embraces saturated carbocyclic
radicals having three to about twelve carbon atoms. Examples of such radicals include
cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.
The term "cycloalkenyl" refers to partially unsaturated carbocyclic radicals having
three to twelve carbon atoms. lkenyl radicals that are partially unsaturated
carbocyclic radicals that contain two double bonds (that may or may not be conjugated)
can be called "cycloalkyldienyl". More preferred cycloalkenyl radicals are "lower
cycloalkenyl" radicals having four to about eight carbon atoms. es of such radicals
include cyclobutenyl, cyclopentenyl and cyclohexenyl.
The term ene,” as used herein, refers to a divalent group derived from a
straight chain or branched saturated hydrocarbon chain having the specified number of
carbons atoms. Examples of alkylene groups include, but are not limited to, ethylene,
propylene, butylene, 3-methyl-pentylene, and 5-ethyl-hexylene.
The term “alkenylene,” as used herein, denotes a divalent group derived from a
straight chain or branched hydrocarbon moiety containing the specified number of carbon
atoms having at least one -carbon double bond. Alkenylene groups include, but are
not limited to, for example, ethenylene, 2-propenylene, 2-butenylene, l-methylbuten-l-
ylene, and the like.
The term “alkynylene,” as used herein, denotes a divalent group derived from a
straight chain or branched hydrocarbon moiety containing the specified number of carbon
atoms having at least one carbon-carbon triple bond. Representative alkynylene groups
include, but are not limited to, for e, propynylene, l-butynylene, 2-methyl
hexynylene, and the like.
The term "alkoxy" refers to linear or branched oxy-containing radicals each having
alkyl portions of one to about twenty-four carbon atoms or, preferably, one to about twelve
carbon atoms. More preferred alkoxy radicals are "lower alkoxy" radicals having one to
about ten carbon atoms and more preferably having one to about eight carbon atoms.
Examples of such radicals include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy and tert-butoxy.
The term yalkyl" refers to alkyl radicals having one or more alkoxy radicals
attached to the alkyl radical, that is, to form monoalkoxyalkyl and dialkoxyalkyl ls.
The term "aryl", alone or in combination, means a carbocyclic aromatic system
containing one, two or three rings wherein such rings may be attached together in a
pendent manner or may be fiased. The term "aryl" embraces aromatic radicals such as
phenyl, naphthyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, indane and biphenyl.
The terms "heterocyclyl", “heterocycle” “heterocyclic” or ocyclo” refer to
saturated, partially unsaturated and unsaturated heteroatom-containing ring-shaped
radicals, which can also be called "heterocyclyl", "heterocycloalkenyl" and "heteroaryl"
correspondingly, where the heteroatoms may be selected from nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen.
Examples of saturated heterocyclyl radicals include saturated 3 to 6-membered
heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms (e. g. pyrrolidinyl, imidazolidinyl,
piperidino, piperazinyl, etc.); saturated 3 to 6-membered heteromonocyclic group
ning 1 to 2 oxygen atoms and l to 3 nitrogen atoms (e. g. linyl, etc.); saturated
3 to 6-membered heteromonocyclic group ning 1 to 2 sulfur atoms and l to 3
nitrogen atoms (e.g., thiazolidinyl, etc.). es of partially unsaturated heterocyclyl
radicals include dihydrothiophene, dihydropyran, dihydrofuran and dihydrothiazole.
cyclyl radicals may include a pentavalent nitrogen, such as in tetrazolium and
pyridinium radicals. The term "heterocycle" also embraces radicals where heterocyclyl
radicals are fiJsed with aryl or cycloalkyl radicals. Examples of such filsed bicyclic radicals
include benzofuran, benzothiophene, and the like.
The term "heteroaryl" refers to rated aromatic cyclyl radicals.
Examples of heteroaryl radicals include unsaturated 3 to 6 membered heteromonocyclic
group containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms, for e, pyrrolyl, inyl, olyl,
pyrazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazolyl (e. g., ,4-triazolyl, lH-
l,2,3-triazolyl, 2H-l,2,3-triazolyl, etc.) tetrazolyl (e.g. lH-tetrazolyl, 2H-tetrazolyl, etc.),
etc.; unsaturated condensed cyclyl group containing 1 to 5 nitrogen atoms, for
example, indolyl, isoindolyl, indolizinyl, benzimidazolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, indazolyl,
benzotriazolyl, tetrazolopyridazinyl (e.g., tetrazolo[l ,5-b]pyridazinyl, etc.), etc.;
unsaturated 3 to 6-membered heteromonocyclic group containing an oxygen atom, for
example, pyranyl, furyl, etc.; unsaturated 3 to 6-membered heteromonocyclic group
containing a sulfur atom, for example, thienyl, etc.; rated 3- to 6-membered
heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 2 oxygen atoms and l to 3 nitrogen atoms, for
example, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl (e.g., l,2,4-oxadiazolyl, l,3,4-oxadiazolyl,
l,2,5-oxadiazolyl, etc.) etc.; unsaturated condensed heterocyclyl group containing 1 to 2
oxygen atoms and l to 3 nitrogen atoms (e.g. benzoxazolyl, benzoxadiazolyl, etc.);
unsaturated 3 to ered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 2 sulfur atoms and 1
to 3 nitrogen atoms, for example, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl (e.g., l,2,4- thiadiazolyl, l,3,4-
thiadiazolyl, l,2,5-thiadiazolyl, etc.) etc.; unsaturated condensed cyclyl group
ning 1 to 2 sulfur atoms and l to 3 nitrogen atoms (e. g., benzothiazolyl,
benzothiadiazolyl, etc.) and the like.
The term "heterocycloalkyl" refers to heterocyclo-substituted alkyl radicals. More
preferred heterocycloalkyl radicals are "lower heterocycloalkyl" radicals haVing one to six
carbon atoms in the heterocyclo radical.
The term "alkylthio" refers to radicals containing a linear or branched alkyl radical,
of one to about ten carbon atoms attached to a divalent sulfur atom. Preferred alkylthio
radicals have alkyl radicals of one to about twenty-four carbon atoms or, preferably, one to
about twelve carbon atoms. More preferred alkylthio radicals have alkyl radicals which are
"lower hio" radicals haVing one to about ten carbon atoms. Most preferred are
hio radicals haVing lower alkyl ls of one to about eight carbon atoms. es
of such lower hio radicals include methylthio, ethylthio, propylthio, butylthio and
hexylthio.
The terms "aralkyl" or “arylalkyl” refer to aryl-substituted alkyl radicals such as
benzyl, ylmethyl, triphenylmethyl, ethyl, and diphenylethyl.
The term "aryloxy" refers to aryl ls attached through an oxygen atom to other
radicals.
The terms "aralkoxy" or “arylalkoxy” refer to aralkyl radicals attached through an
oxygen atom to other radicals.
The term "aminoalkyl" refers to alkyl ls substituted with amino ls.
Preferred aminoalkyl radicals have alkyl radicals having about one to about -four
carbon atoms or, preferably, one to about twelve carbon atoms. More preferred aminoalkyl
radicals are "lower aminoalkyl" that have alkyl radicals having one to about ten carbon
atoms. Most preferred are aminoalkyl radicals having lower alkyl radicals having one to
eight carbon atoms. Examples of such radicals include aminomethyl, aminoethyl, and the
like.
The term "alkylamino" denotes amino groups which are substituted with one or two
alkyl radicals. Preferred alkylamino ls have alkyl radicals having about one to about
twenty carbon atoms or, preferably, one to about twelve carbon atoms. More preferred
alkylamino radicals are "lower alkylamino" that have alkyl radicals having one to about ten
carbon atoms. Most preferred are alkylamino ls having lower alkyl radicals having
one to about eight carbon atoms. Suitable lower alkylamino may be monosubstituted N-
alkylamino or disubstituted N,N—alkylamino, such as N-methylamino, N—ethylamino, N,N—
dimethylamino, N,N-diethylamino or the like.
The term "substituted” refers to the ement of one or more hydrogen radicals
in a given structure with the radical of a specified substituent including, but not limited to:
halo, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, thiol, alkylthio, arylthio, alkylthioalkyl,
arylthioalkyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonylalkyl, arylsulfonylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy,
aralkoxy, aminocarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, arylaminocarbonyl, carbonyl,
aryloxycarbonyl, haloalkyl, amino, trifluoromethyl, cyano, nitro, alkylamino, arylamino,
minoalkyl, arylaminoalkyl, aminoalkylamino, hydroxy, alkoxyalkyl, carboxyalkyl,
alkoxycarbonylalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, acyl, aralkoxycarbonyl, carboxylic acid,
sulfonic acid, sulfonyl, phosphonic acid, aryl, heteroaryl, cyclic, and aliphatic. It is
understood that the substituent may be further tuted.
For simplicity, chemical moieties that are defined and referred to throughout can be
univalent chemical moieties (e. g., alkyl, aryl, etc.) or multivalent moieties under the
appropriate structural circumstances clear to those skilled in the art. For example, an
"alkyl" moiety can be referred to a monovalent radical (e.g. CH3-CH2-), or in other
instances, a bivalent g moiety can be "alkyl," in which case those d in the art
will understand the alkyl to be a divalent radical (e. g., -CH2-CH2-), which is equivalent to
the term "alkylene." Similarly, in circumstances in which divalent es are required
and are stated as being “alkoxy3, CC EC H
, alkylamino3) , aryloxy”, “alkylthio3, , aryl",
“heteroaryl”, “heterocyclic”, “alkyl” “alkenyl”, “alkynyl”, CEaliphatic”, or “cycloalkyl”,
those skilled in the art will tand that the terms alkoxy3, CC EC
, alkylamino3) , y”,
“alkylthio”, , “heteroaryl”, “heterocyclic3, CC CC
, alkyl”, “alkenyl”, “alkynyl”, aliphatic”,
or “cycloalkyl” refer to the corresponding divalent moiety.
The terms "halogen" or “halo” as used herein, refers to an atom selected from
fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
The terms “compound”, , and ug” as used herein all include the
compounds, drugs and prodrugs having the formulas sed herein. The compounds of
the invention can occur in forms including pharmaceutically able salts, solvates,
hydrates, crystalline forms, amorphous forms, polymorphs, enantiomers, diastereoisomers,
racemates and the like.
As used herein, the term “effective amount of the subject compounds,” with respect
to the subject method of treatment, refers to an amount of the subject compound which,
when delivered as part of desired dose regimen, brings about management of the disease or
disorder to clinically acceptable standards.
"Treatment" or “treating” refers to an approach for obtaining beneficial or desired
clinical results in a patient. For purposes of this invention, beneficial or d clinical
results e, but are not limited to, one or more of the following: alleviation of
symptoms, diminishment of extent of a disease, stabilization (i.e., not worsening) of a state
of disease, preventing spread (i.e., asis) of disease, preventing occurrence or
recurrence of disease, delay or slowing of disease progression, amelioration of the disease
state, and remission (whether partial or total).
EXAMPLES
The compositions and processes of the present invention will be better understood
in connection with the following examples, which are ed as an illustration only and
not limiting of the scope of the invention. s changes and ations to the
disclosed embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art and such changes and
modifications ing, without limitation, those relating to the processes, formulations
and/or methods of the invention may be made without departing from the spirit of the
invention and the scope of the appended claims.
Synthesis of compounds
The compounds of the invention can be synthesized by the method set forth in
Schemes 1A and 1B.
Scheme 1A
pine bioreversible derivative
N1? CI 0
\lcl: YCIR ND CI )3
”MEXo R' OH ND 0
N//\N I ”NH _. N//\N I N//\N I 01R.
. o
/ \J / \J / \J “NO
\ S \ R \ S
Scheme lB
i ) CI 0 O O O
T W i ) o i )
b; O CIAO/ILN )LOH ,0s003 AOAO/ILN
flN NH
._ flN \ /N —’ l/\N \ /N
/N\J Triethylamine /N\J /N\J
\ S \ S \ S
Schemes 1A and 1B rate the synthesis of a compound of Formula I by condensation
of the parent drug compound with chloromethyl chloroformate, followed by sation
with a carboxylic acid.
Example 1 (tetradecanoyloxy)methyl 2-methyl(4-methylpiperazinyl)—5H-
benz0[b]thien0[2,3-e] [1,4]diazepine—S-carboxylate (Compound 127)
S nthesis of chlorometh h l 4-meth l i erazin-l- l-5H-
benz0|b|thien0|2,3-e||1,4|diazepinecarboxylate |A|:
To a solution of olanzapine (18.0 g, 57.7 mmol) and triethylamine (16 mL, 0.12 mol) in
dichloromethane (250 mL) was warmed to 35°C and once a clear solution , the
reaction was cooled to 5 °C. To this was added chloromethyl chloroformate (7.6 mL, 86.5
mmol) over 20 minutes. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 30 min and
2012/002992
allowed to warm to room temperature. After 15 min at room temperature the reaction
mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (100 mL), then washed with aq satd NaHC03
(75 mL) and water (350 mL). The organic phase was dried over MgSO4 and filtered. The
c phase was then concentrated under vacuum at 45 °C to a volume of . The
mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (3OmL) and ~20-3OmL further was evaporated
under vacuum. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and the resulting solid
precipitate filtered and washed with ethyl acetate. After drying under vacuum at 35 °C for
90 min chloromethyl 2-methyl(4-methylpiperazin-l-yl)-5H-benzo[b]thieno[2,3-
e][l,4]diazepinecarboxylate [A] (l7.lg, 73%) was obtained as a yellow solid.
lH-NMR (300MHz, CDC13) 5 .14 (4H, m), 6.27-6.22 (1H, m), 5.84-5.69 (1H, m),
.47—5.23 (1H, m), 3.89-3.63 (4H, m), 2.66-2.22 (10H, m).
General Procedure for the synthesis of aliphatic carboxylic acid substituted
compounds d from |A|:
To a solution of methyl 2-methyl(4-methylpiperazin-l-yl)-5H-
benzo[b]thieno[2,3-e][l,4]diazepinecarboxylate [A](l equiv) in dimethylformamide
((13 mL/g of [A])) was added cesium carbonate (1 equiv) and the appropriate aliphatic
carboxylic acid (2 equiv). The reaction mixture was heated at 60 CC for 2-6 h, until ng
material [A] had been consumed (loss of starting material determined by TLC). The
reaction mixture was cooled, diluted with saturated aqueous NaHC03 (50 mL/g of [A]) and
diethyl ether (75 mL/g of [A]). After being d for 15 min the e was filtered
through celite and the organic phase separated. This was dried over MgSO4 and
evaporated. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica eluting with
30% THF in EtOAc and the product containing on combined and evaporated. The
residue was co-evaporated from hexanes.
Using the procedure as described above gave (tetradecanoyloxy)methyl 2-methyl
(4-methylpiperazin- l -yl)-5H-benzo [b]thieno [2,3 -e] [l ,4] diazepine-5 -carboxylate,
Compound 127 (1.95g, 48%) as a yellow oil.
lH-NMR (300MHz, CDC13)8 7.63-7.54 (1H, m), 7.46-7.37 (1H, m), 7.36-7.26 (1H, m),
7.18-7.05 (1H, m), 6.28-6.19 (1H, m), 5.66-5.56 (1.5H, m), .34 (1H, m), 3.90-3.80
(2H, m), 3.69-3.54 (2H, m), 2.50—2.40 (4H, m), 2.32—2.25 (6H, m), 1.61-1.51 (2H, s), 1.32—
1.22 (14H, m), 0.87 (3H, t). [M+H]+ = 597.06.
Example 2 (palmitoyloxy)methyl 2-methyl(4-methylpiperazinyl)—5H-
benzo[b]thieno[2,3-e] [1,4]diazepine—S-carboxylate (Compound 56)
Using the procedure as described above for (octanoyloxy)methyl 2-methyl(4-
methylpiperazin- l -yl)-5H-benz0 en0 [2,3 -e] [ l ,4]diazepine-5 -carb0xylate except
heated at 60°C for 1 day gave (palmitoyloxy)methyl 2-methyl(4-methylpiperazin-l-yl)-
5H-benzo[b]thieno[2,3-e][l,4]diazepinecarboxylate Compound 56 (1.51 g, 75%) as a
yellow oil.
1H—NMR (300MHz, 8 7.62-7.55 (1H, m), 7.45—7.21 (2H, m), 7.17-7.08 (1H, m),
6.26-6.20 (1H, m), .35 (2H, m), 3.90—3.79 (2H, m), 3.68-3.54 (2H, m), 2.47—2.45
(4H, m), 2.33—2.24 (8H, m), 1.61-1.50 (2H, m), 1.35—1.15 (24H, m), 0.92-0.81 (3H, m).
Example 3 (stearoyloxy)methyl 2-methyl(4-methylpiperazinyl)—5H-
benzo[b]thieno[2,3-e] [1,4]diazepine—S-carboxylate und 1 1 1)
Using the procedure as described above for (octanoyloxy)methyl yl(4-
methylpiperazin- l -yl)-5H-benz0 [b]thien0 [2,3 -e] [ l ,4]diazepine-5 -carb0xylate gave
(stearoyloxy)methyl yl(4-methylpiperazin- l -yl)-5H-benz0 en0 [2,3 -
e][l,4]diazepinecarboxylate nd 111 (1.51 g, 75%) as a yellow oil.
1H—NMR (300MHz, CDC13)8 7.63-7.54 (1H, m), 7.46-7.37 (1H, m), 7.36-7.26 (1H, m),
7.18-7.07 (1H, m), 6.28-6.19 (1H, m), 5.67-5.56 (1.5H, m), 5.38-5.34 (1H, m), 3.91-3.78
(2H, m), 3.69-3.54 (2H, m), 2.50—2.40 (4H, m), 2.31—2.24 (6H, m), 1.61-1.50 (2H, s), 1.34—
1.20 (30H, m), 0.87 (3H, t). [M+H]+ = 653.14.
Example 4 (icosanoyloxy)methyl 2—methyl(4-methylpiperazinyl)-5H-
benzo[b]thieno[2,3-e] [1,4]diazepine—S-carboxylate (Compound 112)
Using the procedure as described above for (octanoyloxy)methyl yl(4-
methylpiperazin- l -yl)-5H-benz0 [b]thien0 [2,3 -e] [ l ,4]diazepine-5 -carb0xylate gave
(icosanoyloxy)methyl 2-methyl(4-methylpiperazin- l -yl)-5H-benz0 [b]thien0 [2,3 -
e][1,4]diazepinecarboxylate Compound 112 (1.51 g, 75%) as a yellow oil.
1H—NMR (300MHz, CDC13)8 .54 (1H, m), 7.46-7.37 (1H, m), 7.36-7.26 (1H, m),
7.18-7.07 (1H, m), 6.28-6.19 (1H, m), 5.67-5.57 (1.5H, m), 5.37—5.34 (1H, m), 3.90-3.78
(2H, m), .53 (2H, m), 2.49—2.40 (4H, m), .24 (6H, m), 1.61-1.50 (2H, s), 1.34—
1.20 (34H, m), 0.87 (3H, t). [M+H]+ = 681.19.
Example 5 1-(palmitoyloxy)ethyl 2-methyl(4-methylpiperazinyl)—5H-
benzo[b]thieno[2,3-e] [1,4]diazepine—S-carboxylate (Compound 142)
Synthesis of chloroethyl 2-methyl(4-methylpiperazin- l H-benz0[b]thien0[2,3-
e] [l ,4]diazepinecarboxylate [B].
To a solution of pine (1.70 g, 5.44 mmol) in dichloromethane (50 mL) at 0
°C was added triethylamine (1.14 mL, 8.16 mmol) followed by l-chloroethyl
chloroformate (0.70 mL, 6.53 mmol) dropwise. TLC after 3 hours indicated starting
material still remaining therefore more l-chloroethyl chloroformate (0.2 mL) was added
and stirred for a further 2 hours. The reaction was diluted with dichloromethane (20 mL)
and washed with aq satd NaHC03 (50 mL), dried ) and concentrated. The crude
product was purified by column chromatography on silica eluting with 2-5%
MeOH/dichloromethane to give roethyl 2-methyl(4-methylpiperazin- l -yl)-5H-
benzo[b]thieno[2,3-e][l,4]diazepinecarboxylate (1.33 g, 58% yield) as an orange foam.
1H-NMR (300MHz, CDC13)8 7.61-7.55 (1H, m), 7.45-7.09 (3H, m), 6.41-6.21 (2H, m),
3.88-3.82 (2H, m), 3.67-3.58 (2H, m), 2.53-2.50 (4H, m), 2.32-2.29 (6H, m), 1.63-1.46
(3H, m).
General Procedure for the synthesis of aliphatic carboxylic acid substituted nds
derived from |B |:
The appropriate aliphatic carboxylic acid (1.5 equiv) and diisopropylethylamine
(1.5 equiv) were premixed then added to l-chloroethyl yl(4-methylpiperazin
yl)-5H-benzo[b]thien0[2,3-e][l,4]diazepinecarb0xylate [B] (1 equiv). The reaction was
cooled to room temperature, diluted with diethyl ether (50 mL/g [B]), washed with aq satd
NaHC03 (50 mL/g [B]), brine (50 mL/g [B]), dried (MgSO4) and concentrated. The crude
product was purified by column chromatography on silica eluting with 1%
triethylamine/dichloromethane then further purified using column tography on
silica eluting with 2-4% MeOH/dichloromethane.
Using the procedure as described above gave 1-(palmitoyloxy)ethyl yl(4-
methylpiperazinyl)-5H-benzo[b]thieno[2,3-e][1,4]diazepinecarboxylate, Compound
142 (1.36 g, 54%) as a yellow oil.
lH-NMR (300MHz, CDC13) 5 7.60-7.54 (1H, m), 7.43—7.03 (3H, m), 6.64-6.54 (1H, m),
6.26-6.21 (1H, m), 3.93-3.80 (2H, m), .55 (2H, m), .40 (4H, m), 2.33—2.20
(8H, m), 1.64-1.50 (2H, m), 1.35-1.16 (27H, m), 0.92-0.83 (3H, m). [M+H]+ = 639.57.
e 6 General procedure for the synthesis of Compounds-7 —9
Synthesis of chloromethyl 2-methyl(4-methylpiperazinyl)-10H-
benz0[b]thien0[2,3-e] [1,4]diazepine-lfl-carboxylate [C]
To a solution of pine (5.0 g, 16 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (50 mL) at -78 CC
was added tetramethylethylenediamine (2.4 mL, 16 mmol), followed by 2M n-BuLi in
hexanes (8.0 mL, 16 mmol) over 5 min. The reaction mixture was stirred for 15 min and
then chloromethyl chloroformate (2.1 mL, 24 mmol) added and the reaction mixture stirred
a filrther 30 min. The reaction mixture was then warmed to room temperature, stirred for 1
h and quenched with water (50 mL). This mixture was diluted with brine (50 mL) and
extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL). The organic phase was dried over MgSO4, evaporated
and the residue further purified by column chromatography on silica eluting with 0.2: 1 :1
methanol/dichloromethane/ethyl acetate to give chloromethyl 2-methyl(4-
methylpiperazin-l-yl)-10H-benzo[b]thieno[2,3-e][1,4]diazepinecarboxylate [C] (5 .6 g,
~50% pure by 1H NMR and LCMS). This was used ly in the next reaction without
further purification.
lH-NMR (300MHz, CDC13)8 7.02—7.30 (4H, m), 6.45 (1H, s), 5.78-5.92 (1.5H, m), 5.52—
5.60 (0.5H, m), .70 (4H, m), 2.35—2.55 (7H, m), 2.32 (3H, s). [M+H]+ = 405.0
General Procedure for the synthesis of aliphatic carboxylic acid substituted compounds
derived from |C |:
To a solution of chloromethyl yl(4-methylpiperazin- l -yl)- 1 0H-
benzo[b]thieno[2,3-e][l,4]diazepine-lO-carboxylate (C:l equiv) in dimethylformamide (13
mL/g of [C]) was added C82C03 (1 equiv) and the appropriate tic ylic acid (2
equiv). The reaction mixture was heated at 65 CC for 2-6 h, until starting material [A] had
been consumed (loss of starting material determined by TLC). The reaction mixture was
cooled, diluted with saturated aqueous NaHC03 (50 mL/g of [C]) and ethyl acetate (75
mL/g of [C]). After being stirred for 15 min the mixture was filtered through celite and the
organic phase separated. This was dried over MgSO4 and ated. The residue was
further purified by column chromatography on silica eluting with 19 methanol/ethyl
acetate and after evaporation of the product containing fractions, the residue was co-
evaporated with hexane (2 x 10 mL/g [C]).
Example 7 decanoyloxy)methyl 2-methyl(4-methylpiperazinyl)-10H-
benzo[b]thieno[2,3-e] [1,4]diazepine—lfl-carboxylate (Compound 6)
Using the general procedure described in Example 6 above employing
tetradecanoic acid and 2.8g of the intermediate [A], provided (tetradecanoyloxy)methyl 2-
methyl(4-methylpiperazin- l -yl)- l OH-benzo [b]thieno [2,3 -e] [ l ,4] diazepine- l 0-
carboxylate und 7) (1.60 g, 39% yield) as a pale yellow oil.
1H—NMR z, CDC13)8 7.00—7.25 (4H, m), 6.43 (1H, s), 5.62-5.90 (2H, m), 3.51—
3.65 (4H, m), 2.30-2.56 (10H, m), 1.58-1.66 (2H, m), 1.20—1.34 (22H), 0.87 (3H, t).
[M+H]+ = .
Example 8 (hexadecanoyloxy)methyl 2-methyl(4-methylpiperazinyl)—10H-
benzo[b]thieno[2,3-e] [1,4]diazepine—lfl-carboxylate (Compound 7)
Using the general ure described in Example 6 above employing palmitic acid and
1.0g of the intermediate [A], provided (hexadecanoyloxy)methyl 2-methyl—4-(4-
piperazinyl)-10H-benz0 [b]thien0 [2,3-e] [1,4] diazepine—lfl-carboxylate
(Compound 8) (1.60 g, 39% yield) as a pale yellow oil.
1H—NMR (300MHz, CDC13)8 7.00—7.25 (4H, m), 6.43 (1H, s), .90 (2H, m), 3.51—
3.66 (4H, m), 2.30-2.56 (10H, m), 1.58-1.68 (2H, m), 1.20—1.34 (26H), 0.87 (3H, t).
[M+H]+ = 625.07.
Example 9 oyloxy)methyl 2-methyl(4-methylpiperazinyl)—10H-
benzo[b]thieno[2,3-e] [1,4]diazepine—10-carboxylate (Compound 8)
Using the general procedure described in Example 6 above employing stearic acid and 2.8g
of the ediate [A], provided (stearoyloxy)methyl 2-methyl(4-methylpiperazin-lyl
)-l0H-benzo[b]thien0[2,3-e][l,4]diazepine-l0-carb0xylate (Compound-9) (1.44 g, 32%
yield) as a pale yellow oil.
1H-NMR (300MHz, CDClg) 5 6.99-7.22 (4H, m), 6.43 (1H, s), 5.62-5.88 (2H, m), 3.51-
3.66 (4H, m), 2.30-2.66 (10H, m), 1.55-1.70 (2H, m), .34 (30H), 0.87 (3H, t).
[M+H]+ = 653.21.
Example 10 Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Prodrugs in Rats
Animals
Male Sprague—Dawley rats (Charles River Laboratories, Wilmington, MA)
male Sprague—Dawley rats are obtained. Approximately 24 rats are used in each study.
Rats are approximately 0 g at time of arrival, and are housed 2 per cage With ad
libitum chow and water. nmental conditions in the housing room are 64-76 0F, 30%
to 70% relative humidity, and 12: l2-h light:dark cycle. All experiments are approved by
the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee.
Test Compounds
Prodrug compounds (Compound 56, Compound 111, and Compound 112) of the
ion and corresponding parent drugs of the prodrugs are tested.
wow wow15
N//\N \ /N \ /N
/ \2N//\N / \J
\ S \ S
MOAO N
N//\N \ /N
/ \J
nd 56 Compound 111 Compound 112
Pharmacokinetics study
Animals
Male Sprague—Dawley rats (Charles River Laboratories, Wilmington, MA)
male Sprague—Dawley rats are obtained. Approximately 24 rats are used in each study.
Rats are approximately 325-350 g at time of arrival, and are housed 2 per cage With ad
libitum chow and water. Environmental conditions in the housing room are 64-76 0F, 30%
to 70% relative humidity, and 12: 12-h dark cycle. All experiments are approved by
the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee.
Test nds
Prodrug compounds (Compound 56, Compound 111 and Compound 112) of the
invention and corresponding parent drugs of the prodrugs are tested.
2012/002992
WKOAO/(NQ0 o
N//\N \ /N
/ \J
@vongo o Meow/Q0 o
N//\N \ /N N//\N \ /N
/ \J / \J
\ S \ 8
Compound 56 Compound 111 Compound 112
Pharmacokinetics study
Rats are dosed 1M by means of a 25 gauge, 5/8 in. needle with 1 cc syringe. 0.3mL
suspension is withdrawn from the vial containing the test compound. The rat is injected in
the muscles of the hind limb after anesthesia with isoflourane. Blood samples are collected
via a lateral tail vein after brief anesthesia with Isoflurane. A 271/2G needle and 1cc e
without an anticoagulant is used for the blood collection. imately 250uL of whole
blood is collected at each sampling time point of 1 hour, 6 hours, 24 hours and 2, 3, 6, 7,
, 14 days after administration. Once collected, whole blood is ately transferred to
tubes containing an esterase inhibitor and anti-coagulant, inverted 10-15 times and
immediately placed on ice. The tubes are centrifuged for 2 minutes at >14,000 g’s (11500
RPMs using Eppendorf Centrifuge at 2-6°C to separate plasma. Plasma samples are
transferred to labeled plain tubes and stored frozen at < -70°C. The study design is shown
in Table 5 and the PK results are given in Table 6.
Table 5
§ §
. \\\
Nsaxs ms‘tsm‘.\ x M
”x pus g\\ \ 0-\ , ,
s\\‘.\$“\‘\\§3\t‘ .
y \
Data Analysis
The Olanzapine and prodrug trations in plasma s were analyzed by
liquid chromatography—tandem mass spectroscopy using appropriate parameters for each
compound. Half life, maximal concentration, and AUC are calculated using WinNonlin
software, version 5.2 (Pharsight, St. Louis, MO). (Figures l-4).
Table 6
Compound OLZ AUCINF OLZ Tmax Relative
(hr*ng/mL) (hr) exposure of
prodrugy
was _——_
Compound 56 1791mm—4
eompound m 2170 “m—
Compound 112 1293 148 6.0 >336 12%
I This tration
was extrapolated above the upper limit of quantification (100 ng/mL).
lO XThe last time point with a measured concentration above the lower limit of quantitation.
yCalculated using the formula: ([Prodrug AUClast/(Mmedmgfl / [OLZ AUCINF/(MWOLZH)
* 100
2012/002992
Conclusions:
Three of the compounds (56, 111, and 112) provided sustained release
concentrations of Olanzapine for at least 14 days, with delayed Tmax and Tlasta and lower
Cmax relative to the current commercial extended e injectable, Relprevv apine
Pamoate salt). The slow absorption of these compounds is illustrated by the delayed
pine Tmax. All of the compounds efficiently deliver Olanzapine, providing exposures
of Olanzapine that are comparable to the measured Olanzapine exposure delivered by
Relprevv. In addition, the relative exposure of the prodrugs as compared on a molar basis
to that of Olanzapine is low in all cases.
While this invention has been particularly shown and described with nces to
preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that s
changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the scope of the
invention assed by the appended claims. It should also be understood that the
embodiments described herein are not mutually exclusive and that features from the
various embodiments may be combined in whole or in part in accordance with the
invention.
Claims (26)
1. O O 57. O O O O N O O N 12 13 N N N N N N S S
2. O O 58. O O O O N O O N 15 16 N N N N N N S S
3. O O 59. O O O O N O O N 17 18 N N N N N N S S
4. O O 60. O O O O N O O N 19 20 N N N N N N S S
5. O O 61. O O O O N O O N 21 22 N N N N N N S S
6. 62. N O N O N O
7. 63. N O N O N O N O S O N O N O
8. 64. N O N O N O N O S N N O N O
9. 65. N O N O N O N O S N N O N O
10. Cl 66. Cl O O 12 O 13 O O O O O N N N N N N N N
11. Cl 67. Cl O O 14 O 15 O O O O O N N N N N N N N
12. 68. Cl Cl O O 16 O 17 O O O O O N N N N N N N N
13. 69. Cl Cl O O 18 O 19 O O O O O N N N N N N N N
14. Cl 70. Cl O O 20 O 21 O O O O O N N N N N N N N
15. Cl 71. 22 O O N O N O N N O N N O
16. 72. N O N O N O N O S O N O N O
17. 73. N O N O N O N O S O N O N O
18. 74. N O N O N O N O S O N O N O
19. 75. Cl N O N 12 O N O O N O S O
20. Cl 76. Cl O O 13 O 14 O O O O O N N N N N N N N
21. Cl 77. Cl O O 15 O 16 O O O O O N N N N N N N N
22. 78. Cl Cl O O 17 O 18 O O O O O N N N N N N N N 23. 79. Cl Cl O O 19 O 20 O O O O O N N N N N N N N 24. Cl 80. Cl O O 21 O 22 O O O O O N N N N N N N N 25. 81. 12 14 O O O O O O O O N O N O S S 26. 82. 16 18 O O O O O O O O N O N O S S 27. 83. 20 22 O O O O O O O O N O N O S S 28. 84. 12 14 O O O O O O O O N O N O S S 29. 85. 16 18 O O O O O O O O N O N O S S 30. 86. 20 22 O O O O O O O O N O N O S S 31. 87. Cl N O N O O N O N O O S N O N O 32. 88. Cl N O N O O N O N O O S N O N O 33. 89. Cl N O N O O N N O N O O S N O N O 34. 90. Cl N O N O O N O N O O S N O N O 35. 91. Cl N O N O O N O N O O S N O N O 36. 92. Cl N O N O N O N O N O O S N O N O 37. 93. N N O O O O O O O O 12 14 38. 94. N N O O O O O O O O 16 18 39. 95. N N O O O O O O O O 20 22 40. 96. N N O O O O O O O O 12 14 41. 97. N N O O O O O O O O 16 18 42. 98. N N O O O O O O O O 20 22 43. 99. S NH2 S NH2 N N O O O O O O O 12 O 14 44. 100. S NH2 S NH2 N N O O O O O 16 O 18 45. 101. NH2 S NH2 N N N N O O O O O O O O 20 22 46. 102. S NH2 S NH2 N N N N O O O O O O O O 12 14 47. 103. S NH2 S NH2 N N N N O O O O O O O 16 O 18 48. 104. S NH2 S NH2 N N N N O O O O O O O O 20 22 49. 105. O O O O N O O N O O 12 14 50. 106. O O O O N O O N O O 16 18 51. 107. O O O O N O O N O O 20 22 52. 108. O O O O N O O N O O 12 14 53. 109. O O O O N O O N O O 16 18 54. 110. O O O O N O O N O O 20 22 55. O 111. O O O O O N O O N 23 15 N N N N N N S S 56. O 112. O O O O O N O O N 13 17 N N N N N N S S 113. O O 114. O O O O N O O 13 N N N N N N N S S 115. O O 116. O O O O N O O 15 N N N N N N N S S 117. O O 118. O O O O N O O 17 N N N N N N N S S 119. O O 120. O O O O O O 19 N N N N N N N N S S 121. O O 122. O O O O N O O 20 N N N N N N N S S 123. O O 124. O O O O 21 N O O N N N N N N N S S 125. O O 126. O O O O O 22 N O N N N N N N N S S 127. O O 128. O O O O N O O 12 N N N N N N N S S 129. O O 130. O 12 O O N 14 O O N 131. O O O 132. O 16 O O N 18 O O N 133. O O 134. O 20 O O N 22 O O N 135. O 136. O O O 12 O O N 14 O O N 137. O 138. O O O 16 O O N 18 O O N 139. O 140. O O O 20 O O N 22 O O N 141. 142. 143. 144. 145. N 146. S N O N O 15. Use according to any of claims 1-12 wherein a compound of Formula I is 5 ated for administration to the t, such that release of the parent drug from the prodrug is sustained release. 16. Use according to any of claims 1-12, wherein the prodrug further comprises a biocompatible delivery system for delivering the prodrug wherein the system is 10 capable of minimizing accelerated ytic cleavage of the prodrug by minimizing exposure of the prodrug to water. 17. Use according to any of claims 1-12, wherein the parent drug is t in the blood stream of the patient for a period selected from: at least 12 hours, at least 24 hours, 15 at least 36 hours, at least 48 hours, at least 4 days, at least one week, at least one month and at least 3 months. 18. Use according to any of claims 1-12, wherein said compound is formulated for release over a period of at least one day. 19. Use according to any of claims 1-12, wherein said compound is formulated for release over a period of at least one to two days. 20. Use according to any of claims 1-12, wherein said compound is formulated for 5 release over a period of at least seven days. 21. Use according to any of claims 1-12, wherein said compound is formulated for release over a period of more than one week. 10 22. Use ing to any of claims 1-12, n said compound is formulated for release over a period of at least two weeks.
23. Use according to any of claims 1-12, wherein said compound is ated for release over a period of at least three weeks.
24. Use according to any of claims 1-12, wherein said compound is formulated for release over a period of at least four weeks.
25. Use according to any of claims 1-12 in treating asthma, pain, depression, angina, 20 arrhythmia, fever, hypertension, diabetes, allergy, infection, inflammation, Parkinsonism, son’s e, psychosis, ulcers, attention deficit disorder (ADD), attention deficit hyperactivity er (ADHD), central nervous system disorders, and congestion. 25
26. Use according to any one of claims 1-12 and 15-25, wherein the formulation is a depot injectable formulation. Mean pine Conc after IM admin to SD Rats ”0 ° L) OLZ Pamoate (nglm —— OLZ from Compound 56 MW“ OLZ from Compound 111 Concentrations -'- - OLZ from Compound 112 0 100 200 300 400 Time (hr) FK3.1 Mean Olanzapine Conc after IM admin to SD Rats ”0 ° L) OLZ Pamoate (nglm -I- OLZ from Compound 56 MW OLZ from nd 111 Concentrations NO i H“ OLZ from Compound 112 0 100 200 300 400 Time (hr) FK3.2
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