NZ623296B2 - Pesticidal compositions and processes related thereto - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed herein are compounds of formula I where the substituents are as defined herein, and compositions comprising such compounds. Also disclosed are processes of using the compounds and compositions for the treatment of pests. Particular examples of the compounds of formula I include tert-butyl(2-methyl-4-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)(prop-2-yn-1-yl)carbamate. 2-methyl-4-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)(prop-2-yn-1-yl)carbamate.

Description

wo 2013/062980 2012/061507 PESTICIDAL ITIONS AND PROCESSES RELATED THERETO CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This ation claims the benefit of and priority from U.S. provisional application 611551,575 which was filed on October 26, 2011 the entire content of which is hereby incorporated by reference into this Application.

FIELD OF THIS DISCLOSURE This disclosure is related to the field of processes to produce molecules that are useful as pesticides (e.g., acaricides, insecticides, molluscicides, and nematicides), such molecules, and processes of using such molecules to l pests.

BACKGROUND Pests cause millions of human deaths around the world each year. Furthermore, there are more than ten thousand species of pests that cause losses in agriculture. The world-wide agricultural losses amount to billions of U.S. dollars each year.

Termites cause damage to all kinds of e and public structures. The world-wide termite damage losses amount to billions of U.S. s each year.

Stored food pests eat and adulterate stored food. The world-wide stored food losses amount to billions of U.S. dollars each year, but more importantly, deprive people of needed food.

There is an acute need for new pesticides. Certain pests are developing resistance to pesticides in current use. Hundreds of pest species are ant to one or more pesticides. The development of resistance to some of the older pesticides, such as DDT, the carbamates, and the organophosphates, is well known. But resistance has even developed to some of the newer pesticides.

Therefore, for many reasons, including the above reasons, a need exists for new pesticides.

DEFINITIONS The examples given in the definitions are generally non-exhaustive and must not be construed as ng the ion disclosed in this document. It is understood that a wo 2013/062980 substituent should comply with chemical bonding rules and steric ibility constraints in relation to the particular molecule to which it is attached.

"Alkenyl" means an acyclic, unsaturated (at least one carbon-carbon double bond), ed or unbranched, substituent consisting of carbon and hydrogen, for example, vinyl, allyl, butenyl, pentenyl, and hexenyl.

"Alkenyloxy" means an alkenyl further consisting of a carbon-oxygen single bond, for example, allyloxy, butenyloxy, pentenyloxy, hexenyloxy. y" means an alkyl r consisting of a -oxygen single bond, for example, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, , isobutoxy, and tert-butoxy.

"Alkyl" means an acyclic, saturated, branched or unbranched, substituent consisting of carbon and hydrogen, for example, methyl, ethyl, (C3)alkyl which represents n-propyl and isopropyl), kyl which represents n-butyl, tyl, isobutyl, and tert-butyl.

"Alkynyl" means an acyclic, unsaturated (at least one carbon-carbon triple bond), branched or unbranched, substituent consisting of carbon and hydrogen, for example, ethynyl, propargyl, butynyl, and pentynyl.

"Alkynyloxy" means an alkynyl further consisting of a -oxygen single bond, for example, pentynyloxy, hexynyloxy, heptynyloxy, and octynyloxy.

"Aryl" means a cyclic, ic substituent consisting of hydrogen and carbon, for example, phenyl, naphthyl, and biphenyl.

"(Cx-Cy)" where the subscripts "x" and "y" are integers such as 1, 2, or 3, means the range of carbon atoms for a substituent- for example, (C1-C4)alkyl means methyl, ethyl, n- , isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, and tert-butyl, each individually.

"Cycloalkenyl" means a monocyclic or polycyclic, unsaturated (at least one carbon- carbon double bond) substituent ting of carbon and en, for example, cyclobutenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, norbornenyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octenyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, hexahydronaphthyl, and octahydronaphthyl.

"Cycloalkenyloxy" means a cycloalkenyl further consisting of a carbon-oxygen single bond, for example, cyclobutenyloxy, cyclopentenyloxy, norbornenyloxy, and o[2.2.2]octenyloxy.

"Cycloalkyl" means a clic or polycyclic, saturated substituent consisting of carbon and hydrogen, for example, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, norbornyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl, and decahydronaphthyl. wo 2013/062980 2012/061507 alkoxy" means a cycloalkyl further consisting of a carbon-oxygen single bond, for example, cyclopropyloxy, cyclobutyloxy, cyclopentyloxy, norbornyloxy, and bicyclo[2.2.2]octyloxy.

"Halo" means fluoro, chloro, bromo, and iodo.

"Haloalkoxy" means an alkoxy further ting of, from one to the maximum possible number of identical or different, halos, for example, fluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, 2,2-difluoropropoxy, chloromethoxy, trichloromethoxy, 1,1,2,2- luoroethoxy, and pentafluoroethoxy.

"Haloalkyl" means an alkyl further consisting of, from one to the maximum possible number of, identical or different, halos, for example, fluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, 2,2- difluoropropyl, chloromethyl, trichloromethyl, and 1,1 etrafluoroethyl.

"Heterocyclyl" means a cyclic tuent that may be fully saturated, lly unsaturated, or fully unsaturated, where the cyclic structure contains at least one carbon and at least one heteroatom, where said heteroatom is nitrogen, sulfur, or oxygen. In the case of sulfur, that atom can be in other ion states such as a sulfoxide and sulfone. Examples of aromatic heterocyclyls include, but are not limited to, benzofuranyl, benzoisothiazolyl, benzoisoxazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothienyl, benzothiazolyl, cinnolinyl, furanyl, imidazolyl, indazolyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, isoquinolinyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, zolyl, oxazolinyl, oxazolyl, phthalazinyl, pyrazinyl, linyl, pyrazolyl, zinyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrrolyl, quinazolinyl, quinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, tetrazolyl, thiazolinyl, thiazolyl, thienyl, triazinyl, and triazolyl. Examples of fully saturated heterocyclyls include, but are not limited to, piperazinyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, idinyl, oxetanyl, ydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyl and tetrahydropyranyl. Examples of partially unsaturated heterocyclyls include, but are not limited to, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolinyl, 4,5-dihydro-oxazolyl, 4,5- dihydro-1H-pyrazolyl, 4,5-dihydro-isoxazolyl, and 2,3-dihydro-[1,3,4]-oxadiazolyL Additional examples include the following thietanyl thietanyl-dioxide. wo 2013/062980 2012/061507 DETAILED DESCRIPTION This document discloses molecules having the following formula ("Formula One"): a One wherein (a) X is N or CR8; (b) Rl isH, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, N02, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C6 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C6 alkenyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 lkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C20 aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 heterocyclyl, OR9, C(=X1)R9, C(=X1)0R9, C(=X1)N(R9h, N(R9h, N(R9)C(=X1)R9, SR9, R9, or R9S(O)nR9, wherein each said R1, which is substituted, has one or more substituents selected from F, Cl, Br, I, CN, N02, C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 l, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C2-C6 haloalkenyl, C1-C6 haloalkyloxy, C2-C6 haloalkenyloxy, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C3-C10 cycloalkenyl, C3-C10 halocycloalkyl, C3-C10 halocycloalkenyl, OR9, S(O)n0R9, C6-C2o aryl, or C1-C20 heterocyclyl, (each of which that can be substituted, may optionally be substituted with R9); (c) R2 isH, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, N02, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, tuted or unsubstituted C2-C6 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C6 alkenyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C20 aryl, tuted or unsubstituted C1-C20 heterocyclyl, OR9, C(=X1)R9, C(=X1)0R9, C(=X1)N(R9)2, N(R9h, N(R9)C(=X1)R9, SR9, S(O)n0R9, or R9S(O)nR9, wo 2013/062980 wherein each said R2, which is substituted, has one or more substituents selected from F, Cl, Br, I, CN, N02, C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C2-C6 haloalkenyl, C1-C6 haloalkyloxy, C2-C6 haloalkenyloxy, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C3-C10 cycloalkenyl, C3-C10 halocycloalkyl, C3-C10 halocycloalkenyl, OR9, S(O)n0R9, C6-C2o aryl, or C1-C20 heterocyclyl, (each of which that can be tuted, may optionally be substituted with R9); (d) R3 isH, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, N02, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, substituted or tituted C2-C6 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C6 loxy, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C20 aryl, tuted or unsubstituted C1-C20 cyclyl, OR9, C(=Xl)R9, C(=Xl)OR9, C(=Xl)N(R9)2, N(R9h, N(R9)C(=Xl)R9, SR9, S(O)n0R9, or R9S(O)nR9, wherein each said R3, which is substituted, has one or more substituents selected from F, Cl, Br, I, CN, N02, C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C1-C6 kyl, C2-C6 haloalkenyl, C1-C6 haloalkyloxy, C2-C6 haloalkenyloxy, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C3-C10 cycloalkenyl, C3-C10 cloalkyl, C3-C10 halocycloalkenyl, OR9, R9, C6-C2o aryl, or C1-C20 heterocyclyl, (each of which that can be substituted, may optionally be substituted with R9); (e) R4 isH, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, N02, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, substituted or tituted C2-C6 l, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C6 alkenyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C20 aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 heterocyclyl, OR9, C(=Xl)R9, C(=Xl)OR9, C(=Xl)N(R9)2, N(R9h, N(R9)C(=Xl)R9, SR9, S(O)n0R9, or R9S(O)nR9, n each said R4, which is substituted, has one or more substituents selected from F, Cl, Br, I, CN, N02, C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C2-C6 haloalkenyl, C1-C6 haloalkyloxy, C2-C6 haloalkenyloxy, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C3-C10 cycloalkenyl, C3-C10 halocycloalkyl, C3-C10 halocycloalkenyl, OR9, S(O)n0R9, C6-C2o aryl, or C1-C20 heterocyclyl, (each of which that can be substituted, may optionally be substituted with R9); wo 2013/062980 2012/061507 (f) R5 is Rll, H, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C6 alkenyl, substituted or tituted C1-C6 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C6 alkenyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C20 aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 heterocyclyl, OR9, C(=Xl)R9, C(=Xl)OR9, C(=Xl)N(R9)2, , N(R9)C(=Xl)R9, SR9, S(O)n0R9, R9S(O)nR9, C1-C6 alkyl C6-C2o aryl (wherein the alkyl and aryl can independently be substituted or unsubstituted), R9, C(=Xl)X2R9, =Xl)R9, R9X2R9, C(=O)(CI-C6 alkyl)S(O)n(C1-C6 alkyl), C(=O)(CI-C6 alkyl)C(=O)O(CI-C6 alkyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)OC(=O)(C6-C2o aryl), (C1-C6 alkyl)OC(=O)(CI-C6 alkyl), C1-C6 alkyl-(C3-C10 cyclohaloalkyl), or (C1-C6 alkenyl)C(=O)O(CI-C6 alkyl), or =Xl)X2R9; wherein each said R5 (except Rll), which is substituted, has one or more substituents selected from F, Cl, Br, I, CN, N02, C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C2-C6 haloalkenyl, C1-C6 haloalkyloxy, C2-C6 haloalkenyloxy, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C3-C10 cycloalkenyl, C3-C10 halocycloalkyl, C3-C10 cloalkenyl, OR9, S(O)n0R9, C6-C2o aryl, or C1-C20 heterocyclyl, R9 aryl (each of which that can be substituted, may optionally be substituted with R9) optionally R5 (except Rll) and R7 can be ted in a cyclic arrangement, where optionally such arrangement can have one or more heteroatoms ed from 0, S, or, N, in the cyclic structure connecting R5 and R7; (g) R6 is 0, S, NR9, or NOR9; (h) R7 is substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2- C6 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C6 alkenyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3- C10 cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C20 aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 heterocyclyl, OR9, OR9S(O)nR9, C(=Xl)R9, C(=Xl)OR9, l)OR9, R9X2C(=Xl)R9X2R9, C(=Xl)N(R9)2, N(R9h, N(R9)(R9S(O)nR9), N(R9)C(=Xl)R9, SR9, S(O)n0R9, R9S(O)nR9, CI-C6alkyl0C(=O)CI-C6alkyl, OC1-C6 alkyl C1-C2o cyclyl, C1- lC1-C2o heterocyclyl, C1-C6, alkylS(=N-CN)(CI-C6alkyl), Cl-C6alkylS(O)(=N-CN)(CIC6alkyl ), C1-C6alkylS(O)n(C1-C6alkylC1-C2oheterocyclyl), C1-C6alkylS(O)(=N-CN)(C1-C6 alkyl-C1-C2oheterocyclyl), C1-C6alkylNH(C(=O)OC1-C6 alkyl), C1-C6 alkylC(=O)OC1-C6 wo 2013/062980 alkyl, CI-C6alkyl(C6-C2oaryl)NH(C(=O)OCI-C6alkyl), C1-C6alkyl(S-C1-C6 alkyl)NH(C(=O)OC1-C6alkyl), CI-C6alkyl(S-CI-C6alkyl-C6-C2oaryl)NH(C(=O)OCI-C6alkyl), C1-C6 NHC(=O)OC1-C6alkylC6-C2o aryl)NH(C(=O)OC1-C6alkyl), CI-C6alkyl(OCIC6alkylC6-C2oaryl )NH(C(=O)OCI-C6alkyl), Cl-C6alkylN(CI-C6alkyl)(C(=O)OCI-C6alkyl), Cl-C6alkylNH(CI-C6alkyl), C6-C2oarylSC1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6alkyl-N(C1-C6 alkyl)(C(=O)CIC6alkylC6-C2oaryl ), Cl-C6alkylN(CI-C6alkyl)(CI-C6alkyl), C1-C6alkylN(C1-C6 alkyl)(S(O)nCI-C6 alkyl), C1-C6 alkylN(C1-C6 alkyl)(S(O)nCI-C6 alkenylC6-C2o aryl), C1-C6 alkylN(C1-C6 alkyl)(C(=0)C1-C20 heterocyclyl), C1-C6alkylN(C1-C6alkyl)(C(=0)0C1-C6 alkylC6-C2oaryl), NH(C1-C6 alkylS(O)nCI-C6alkyl), NH(C1-C6 alkylS(O)nC6-C2o aryl), Cl- IO C6alkyl(S(O)nCI-C6 (C(=O)CI-C6alkylS(O)n(CI-C6 alkyl), or R9S(O)n(NZ)R9, wherein each said R7, which is substituted, has one or more substituents selected from F, Cl, Br, I, CN, N02, C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C2-C6 haloalkenyl, C1-C6 haloalkyloxy, C2-C6 haloalkenyloxy, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C3-C10 cycloalkenyl, CrC10 halocycloalkyl, CrC10 halocycloalkenyl, OR9, S(0)0 0R9, C6-C20 aryl, or C1-C20 heterocyclyl, (each of which that can be substituted, may optionally be substituted with R9), C(=Xl)R9, C(=Xl)OR9, C(=Xl)N(R9h, =X2, N(R9)2, nR9, R9S(O)nR9, S(O)nN(R9)2; (i) R8 isH, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, N02, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, substituted or tituted C2-C6 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkoxy, substituted or tituted C2-C6 alkenyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl, tuted or unsubstituted C6-C20 aryl, substituted or unsubstituted CrC20 heterocyclyl, OR9, C(=Xl)R9, C(=Xl)OR9, C(=Xl)N(R9)2, N(R9h, N(R9)C(=Xl)R9, SR9, S(O)nR9, S(O)n0R9, or R9S(O)nR9, wherein each said R8, which is substituted, has one or more substituents selected from F, Cl, Br, I, CN, N02, CrC6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, CrC6 haloalkyl, C2-C6 haloalkenyl, C1-C6 haloalkyloxy, C2-C6 haloalkenyloxy, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C3-C10 cycloalkenyl, C3-C10 halocycloalkyl, C3-C10 halocycloalkenyl, OR9, S(O)n0R9, C6-C2o aryl, or CrC20 heterocyclyl, (each of which that can be tuted, may optionally be substituted with R9); wo 2013/062980 (j) R9 (each independently) isH, CN, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C6 alkenyl, substituted or tituted C1-C6 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C6 alkenyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C20 aryl, substituted or tituted C1-C2oheterocyclyl, S(O)nCI-C6 alkyl,, N(C1-C6alkyl)2, wherein each said R9, which is substituted, has one or more substituents selected from F, Cl, Br, I, CN, N02, C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C2-C6 haloalkenyl, C1-C6 haloalkyloxy, C2-C6 haloalkenyloxy, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C3-C10 cycloalkenyl, C3-C10 halocycloalkyl, C3-C10 halocycloalkenyl, OC1-C6 alkyl, OC1-C6 haloalkyl, S(O)nCI-C6alkyl, S(0)0 0C1-C6 alkyl, C6-C2o aryl, or C1-C2oheterocyclyl; (k) RlO isH, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, N02, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C6 l, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C6 alkenyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl, tuted or unsubstituted C3-C10 lkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C20 aryl, OR9, C(=X1)R9, C(=X1)0R9, C(=X1)N(R9h, , N(R9)C(=X1)R9, SR9, S(O)n0R9, or R9S(O)nR9, wherein each said RlO, which is substituted, has one or more substituents ed from F, Cl, Br, I, CN, N02, C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C1-C6 kyl, C2-C6 haloalkenyl, C1-C6 haloalkyloxy, C2-C6 haloalkenyloxy, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C3-C10 cycloalkenyl, C3-C10 halocycloalkyl, C3-C10 halocycloalkenyl, OR9, S(O)n0R9, or C6-C2o aryl, (each of which that can be substituted, may optionally be substituted with R9); (I) n is (each independently) 0, 1, or 2; (m) X1 is (each independently) 0 or S; (n) X2 is (each independently) 0, S, =NR9, or =NOR9; (o) Rll is Q1(C::C)R12, n Q1is a bond, substituted or unsubstituted C1- C6alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C6 alkenyl, substituted or tituted C2-C6 alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C10 cycloalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted CrC6 alkylOR9, substituted or unsubstituted CrC6 wo 2013/062980 alkylS(O)nR9, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkylS(O)n(=NR9), tuted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkylN(R9) (where (C::C) is attached directly to theN by a bond), substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkylN(R9)2, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C6 loxy, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C0- lC(=R6)C0-C6 alkylR9, substituted or unsubstituted C0-C6 alkylC(=R6)0R9, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl0Co-C6 alkylC(=R6)R9, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkylN(R9)(C(=R6)R9), substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkylN(R9)(C(=R6)0R9), substituted or unsubstituted lkyl C(=R6)C0-C6 alkylN(R9) (where (C::C) is attached directly to theN by a bond), substituted or unsubstituted Co-C6alkylC(=R6)Co-C6 alkylN(R9h, OR9, S(O)nR9, N(R9)R9, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C20 aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 heterocyclyl, wherein each said Q1, which is substituted, has one or more substituents selected from F, Cl, Br, I, CN, N02, C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 l, C2-C6 alkynyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C2-C6 kenyl, CrC6 haloalkyloxy, C2-C6 haloalkenyloxy, CrC10 cycloalkyl, C3-C10 cycloalkenyl, C3-C10 halocycloalkyl, C3-C10 halocycloalkenyl, OR9, SR9, S(O)nR9, S(O)n0R9, C6-C2o aryl, or C1-C2oheterocyclyl, R9aryl, CI-C6alkylOR9, CI-C6alkylS(O)nR9, (each of which that can be substituted, may optionally be substituted with R9) ally Q1and R7 can be connected in a cyclic arrangement, where optionally such arrangement can have one or more heteroatoms selected from 0, S, or N, in the cyclic structure connecting Q1 and R7; (p) R12 is Q1(except where Q1is a bond), F, Cl, Br, I, 3 (where each R9 is independently selected), or R9; and (q) Z is CN, N02, C1-C6 alkyl(R9), C(=Xl)N(R9)2.

Formula One and its subparts (a) through (o) are hereafter referred to as "Embodiment Al".

In another embodiment of this le X is CR8.

In another embodiment of this le Rl is H.

In another embodiment of this molecule R2 is H.

In another embodiment of this molecule R3 is H.

In another ment of this molecule R4 is halo or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl. wo 2013/062980 In another ment of this molecule R4 is F, Cl, or unsubstituted C1-C2 alkyl.

In another embodiment of this molecule R4 is Cl, or CH3.

In another embodiment of this molecule R5 isH, tuted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl.

In another ment of this molecule R5 is a substituted C1-C6 alkyl that is substituted with a C3-C10 cycloalkyl.

In another embodiment of this molecule R5 is H, CH3, CH2-cyclopropyl, or CH2CH3.

In another embodiment of this le R6 is 0.

In another embodiment of this molecule R7 is substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, OR9, or R9S(O)nR9.

In another embodiment of this molecule R7 is a substituted CrC6 alkyl wherein said substituent is one or more halos.

In another embodiment of this molecule R7 is a tuted C1-C6 alkyl wherein said substituent is one or more F or Cl or a combination thereof.

In another embodiment of this molecule R7 is a substituted C1-C6 alkyl wherein said tuent is one or more F.

In another embodiment of this molecule R7 is CH2CF3.

In another embodiment of this molecule R7 is an unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl.

In another embodiment of this molecule R7 is CH(CH3h, CH3, C(CH3)3, or CH2CH2CH2CH3.

In r embodiment of this molecule R7 is OR9.

In another embodiment of this molecule R7 is O(unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl).

In another embodiment of this molecule R7 is OC(CH3)3.

In another embodiment of this molecule R7 is nR9.

In another embodiment of this molecule R7 is (unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl)S(unsubstituted CrC6 alkyl).

In another embodiment of this molecule R7 is CH3)SCH3, CH2CH2SCH3, CH(CH3)2SCH3, or CH(CH3)CH2SCH3.

In another ment of this molecule R8 is H or halo.

In another embodiment of this molecule R8 is H, F, or Cl.

In another embodiment of this molecule R8 is H or F.

In another embodiment of this molecule R9 is an unsubstituted CrC6 alkyl.

In another embodiment of this le RlO isH or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl. wo 2013/062980 In another embodiment of this molecule R10 is H or CH3.

In another embodiment of this molecule n is 0.

In another embodiment of this ion R11 is substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkylC::CR12.

In another embodiment of this invention R11 is CH2C::CH.

The molecules of a One will generally have a molecular mass of about 100 Daltons to about 1200 Daltons. However, it is generally preferred if the molecular mass is from about 120 Daltons to about 900 Daltons, and it is even more generally preferred if the molecular mass is from about 140 s to about 600 Daltons.

The following scheme illustrates an approach to generating 2-methyl imidazolylamines. In step a of Scheme I, treatment of nds of Formula III with ethyl acetimidate hydrochlorides of Formula IV wherein R5 is as defined in Embodiment A1 and R4 is methyl affords the corresponding acetamidines of Formula V. In step b of Scheme I, abromoketones of Formula II, wherein R1, R2, R3, R10, and X are as defined in Embodiment A1, can be treated with acetamidines of Formula V in the presence of an organic base, such as triethylamine, in a polar protic solvent such as ethyl alcohol to furnish N-Bocaminoimidazoles of Formula Ia. When R5 =H, carbamates of Formula Ia, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R10 and X are as defined in ment A1, can be ted in the presence of a base such as sodium hydride and an alkyl halide such as iodomethane in an aprotic polar solvent such as N,N-dimethylformamide to yield compounds of Formula Ib, as shown in step e of Scheme I. Deprotection of carbamic acid tert-butyl esters of Formula Ia can be performed as in step c of Scheme I with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in a polar c solvent such as dichloromethane (DCM) to yield the aminoimidazoles of Formula VIa, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R10, R5 and X are as defined in Embodiment Al. In step d of Scheme I, compounds of the Formula VIa can be treated with an acid chloride of Formula VII, wherein R7 is as defined in Embodiment A1, in the ce of both an organic base, such as N,N- ylaminopyridine (DMAP), and an inorganic base, such as potassium carbonate, in a polar aprotic solvent such as 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) to afford compounds of FormulaIc. wo 2013/062980 Scheme I III N II v I a Ib VIa VII Ic Another approach to generating imidazolylamines is illustrated in Scheme II. Diones of Formula VIII, wherein Rl, R2, R3, RlO and X are as d in Embodiment Al, can be treated with an aldehyde, such as dehyde, a source of ammonia, such as ammonium acetate and a catalyst, such as indium(III)chloride, in a protic solvent, such as methanol to give compounds of Formula IX. Compounds of Formula IX, wherein Rl, R2, R3, R4, RlO wo 2013/062980 2012/061507 and X are as d in Embodiment Al, can be treated with a base such as sodium hydride in a solvent such as THF and addition of oxaziridines of Formula Xa to afford compounds of Formula Id, wherein R5 is H. ------a ------b VIII IX Xa Another approach to generating imidazolylamines is illustrated in Scheme III.

Substituted oimidazoles of Formula XI were prepared according to the general procedure found in Li and co-workers, J. Med. Chern., 2010, 53, 2409. Treatment of compounds of Formula XI, wherein Rl, R2, R3, RlO, and X are as d in Embodiment Al, under Sandmeyer ions leads to the formation of compounds of Formula XII, wherein R4 is halogen, as shown in step a of Scheme III. Hydrazones of Formula XII can be transformed to the corresponding amines of Formula Vlb, wherein R5 is H when treated with hydrazine in a polar protic solvent such as 2-methoxyethanol, as shown in step b. wo 2013/062980 Scheme III a b XI XII r approach to generating imidazolylamines is illustrated in Scheme IV.

Imidazoles of Formula XIII, wherein R4 and RIO are as defined in Embodiment AI and Q is halogen (for example, bromine), can be treated with a base such as sodium hydride in a polar, c solvent such as ydrofuran and an aminating t such as oxaziridine of Formula Xb to afford compounds of Formula XIVa, as shown in step a of Scheme IV.

Carbamates of Formula XIVa, can be alkylated in the presence of a base such as sodium IO hydride and an alkyl halide such as iodoethane in a polar aprotic solvent such as N,N- dimethylformamide to yield compounds of Formula XIVb, wherein R5 is alkyl, as shown in step b. Compounds of Formula XIVb, wherein R4, R5 and RIO are as defined in Embodiment AI, can be allowed to react under Suzuki coupling conditions with a boronic acid of Formula XV, wherein X, R1, R2 and R3 are as defined in Embodiment A1, to provide the heterocycle- IS coupled imidazole of Formula Ie, as shown in step c. When R4 =H, compounds of Formula Ie can be halogenated in the presence of a base such as llithium in a polar aprotic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran and an electrophilic source of halogen such as hexachloroethane to yield 2-haloimidazoles of Formula If, wherein R4 is halogen and Rl, R2, R3, R5, RIO and X are as d in Embodiment AI, as shown in step d. wo 2013/062980 2012/061507 Scheme IV R4 R4 0 Y- N-;:;( NC~ O N-:1 }-o Q~NH + ~I Jl.)( a N 0 Q~N-NH Rto 0 Rto XIII Xb XNa R4 0 X R2 OH b N=:::\ Jl-o x~8-oH AyN'N c + _)l/.

Q Rs R 1 N R3 XIVb XV R4 0 X R4 0 X Y1N-NR2 N=:::\ >'-o R2 N=:::\ >'-o . d X~N-N.

X Rs I Rs R~NI R R3 R _)lN/. R Rto 1 3 Ie If In Step a of the Scheme V, treatment of the compounds of Formula Ig, where R7 is tert-butoxy with a reagent such as propargyl bromide in the presence of a base such as sodium hydride and in a polar aprotic solvent such as DMF yields compounds of Formula Ih, wherein R5 =Rll.

Scheme V Ig Ih wo 2013/062980 EXAMPLES The examples are for illustration purposes and are not to be construed as limiting the invention disclosed in this document to only the embodiments sed in these examples.

Starting materials, reagents, and solvents that were obtained from commercial sources were used without further purification. ous solvents were purchased as Sure/Seal™ from Aldrich and were used as received. Melting points were ed on a Thomas Hoover Unimelt capillary melting point apparatus or an OptiMelt Automated Melting Point System from Stanford ch Systems and are uncorrected. Molecules are given their known names, named according to naming programs within ISIS Draw, ChemDraw or ACD Name Pro. If such programs are unable to name a molecule, the molecule is named using tional naming rules. All NMR are in ppm (o) and were recorded at 300, 400, or 600 MHz unless otherwise stated.

Example 1, Step 1: Preparation ofN'-(1-imino-ethyl)-N-methyl-hydrazinecarboxylic acid utyl ester A solution of tert-butyl1-methylhydrazinecarboxylate (10.0 g, 68.4 mmol), ethyl acetimidate hydrochloride (42.1 g, 342 mmol), and potassium carbonate (K2C03; 94.4 g, 684 mmol) in methylformamide (DMF; 150 mL) was heated at 105 °C for 5 hours (h). The contents were cooled to 0 °C before the precipitated material was collected by vacuum filtration and resuspended in H20 (100 mL). After 30 minutes (min) of vigorous stirring, the remaining precipitate was collected and dried in a 45 °C vacuum oven overnight to yield the title compound as a white solid (7.56 g, 59.0%): mp 187-189°C; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) o6.28 (br s, 1H), 2.77 (s, 3H), 1.64 (s, 3H), 1.36 (s, 9H).

Example 1, Step 2: Preparation of methyl-(2-methylpyridinyl-imidazolyl)- carbamic acid utyl ester (Compound 3) wo 2013/062980 To a solution ofN'-(1-imino-ethyl)-N-methyl-hydrazinecaroboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (5.00 g, 26.7 mmol) and triethylamine (TEA; 9.30 mL, 66.8 mmol) in ethanol (EtOH; 100 mL) was added opyridinyl-ethanone hydrobromide (8.99 g, 32.0 mmol), portionwise. The contents were heated at 80 °C for 3 hours before the solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was purified via silica gel chromatography (dichloromethane (DCM): methanol (MeOH), 10:1) to afford the title compound as an orange oil (1.55 g, 20.1 %): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCb) o8.92 (d, J =2.4 Hz, lH), 8.43 (dd, J = 4.9, 1.4 Hz, lH), 8.03 (dt, J =8.3, 1.6 Hz, lH), 7.28 (dd, J =7.7, 4.8 Hz, lH), 7.21 (s, lH), 3.38 (s, 3H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 1.43 (s, 9H); ESIMS m/z 289 ([M+Ht). e 1, Step 3: Preparation of methyl-(2-methylpyridinyl-imidazoleyl)- amine Method A: A solution of methyl-(2-methylpyridinyl-imidazolyl)carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (1.50 g, 5.20 mmol) and oroacetic acid (0.40 mL, 5.20 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was stirred under ambient conditions for 3 h. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was resuspended in DCM (10 mL) before the addition of TEA (1.45 mL, 10.4 mmol). After stirring for 10 min the solvent was removed and the residue was ed via silica gel chromatography (DCM:MeOH, 10:1) to afford an inseparable e of the title compound and triethylammonium salts (822 mg). The mixture was used without further purification in the subsequent reactions. wo 2013/062980 MethodE: A solution of tert-butyl methyl(2-methyl(pyridinyl)-1H-imidazol-l-yl) carbamate (2.7 g, 9.4 mmol) in DCM (50 mL) was treated with hydrogen chloride (HCl) in dioxane (4 molar (M), 20 mL). The mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. The precipitate was filtered off to give the title compound as a brown solid (1.15 g, 54.5%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, 6) o9.41-9.32 (m, lH), 8.82-8.56 (m, 3H), 7.97-7.89 (m, lH), 2.85 (s, 3H), 2.67 (d, J =3.0 Hz, 3H); ESIMS m/z 189 ([M+Ht). 2-Methyl-N-(propynyl)(pyridinyl)-1H-imidazolamine was prepared in accordance with the procedures disclosed in Example 1, Step 3, Method A: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCb) o8.90 (s, 1H), 8.41 (d, J = 3.9 Hz, 1H), 8.02 (dt, J = 7.9, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (s, 1H), 7.26 (dd, J =7.9, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 5.86 (t, J = 5.2 Hz, 1H), 3.84 (dd, J = 5.2, 2.4 Hz, 2H), 2.44 (s, 3H), 2.41 (t, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCb) o147.51, 146.48, 146.28, 134.99, , , 123.48, 115.28, 79.47, 74.21, 42.18, 12.28; ESIMS m/z 213 ([M+Ht).

N-Ethylmethyl(pyridinyl)-1H-imidazolamine was prepared in accordance with the procedures disclosed in Example 1, Step 3, Method B: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) o9.32 (s, 1H), 8.76-8.69 (m, 2H), .46 (m, 1H), 7.81 (s, 1H), 3.12-3.03 (m, 2H), 2.63 (s, 3H), 1.06 (t, 3H, J =7.2 Hz); ESIMS m/z 203 ([M+Ht).

N-(Cyclopropylmethyl)methyl(pyridinyl)-1H-imidazolamine was prepared in accordance with the procedures disclosed in e 1, Step 3, Method B: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) o9.26 (s, 1H), 8.74-8.72 (m, 1H), 8.67-8.59 (m, 1H), 8.51-8.46 (m, 1H), 7.81 (s, 1H), 2.95 (d, 2H, J =7.2 Hz), 2.66 (s, 3H), 0.93-0.86 (m, 1H), 0.46-0.43 (m, 2H), 0.07-0.06 (m, 2H); ESIMS m/z 229 ([M+Ht). 4-(5-Fluoropyridinyl)-N,2-dimethyl-1H-imidazolamine was prepared in accordance with the procedures disclosed in Example 1, Step 3, Method B: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CD30D) o9.05 (s, 1H), 8.84 (s, 1H), .44 (m, 2H), 2.97 (s, 3H), 2.74 (s, 3H); ESIMS m/z 207 ([M+Ht). wo 2013/062980 N-Ethyl(5-fluoropyridinyl)methyl-lH-imidazolamine was prepared in accordance with the procedures sed in Example 1, Step 3, Method B: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CD30D) o8.99 (s, lH), 8.80 (s, lH), 8.41-8.35 (m, 2H), 3.26 (q, J =7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.74 (s, 3H), 1.19 (t, 3H, J =7.2 Hz); ESIMS m/z 221 ([M+Ht).

N-(Cyclopropylmethyl)(5-fluoropyridinyl)methyl-lH-imidazolamine was prepared in accordance with the procedures disclosed in Example 1, Step 3, Method B: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CD30D) o8.965 (s, lH), 8.746 (s, lH), 8.39-8.30 (m, 2H), 3.08-3.05 (m, 2H), 2.77 (s, 3H), 1.08-0.95 (m, lH), 0.56-0.56 (m, 2H), .15 (m, 2H); ESIMS m/z 247 ([M+Ht).

Example 1, Step 4: Preparation ofN-methyl-N-(2-methylpyridinyl-imidazolyl)- 3-methylsulfanylbutyramide (Compound 2) A solution ofmethyl-(2-methylpyridinyl-imidazoleyl)-amine (400 mg, 2.13 mmol), 3-methylsulfanylbutyryl chloride (649 mg, 4.25 mmol), 4-dimethylamino pyridine (DMAP; (260 mg, 2.13 mmol), and K 2C03 (881 mg, 6.38 mmol) in chloroethane (DCE; 5 mL) was heated at 80 °C for 6 h. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was purified via reverse phase chromatography (0 to 100% acetonitrile/water) to furnish the title compound as a brown oil (290 mg, 44.8%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCb) o8.94 (br s, 1H), 8.47 (dd, J =5.0, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 8.04 (dt, J = 8.2, 1.5 Hz, 1H), .27 (m, 2H), 3.39 (s, 3H), .18 (m, 1H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 2.27-2.19 (m, 2H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.24 (d, J = 6.2 Hz, 3H); ESIMS m/z 304 ([M+Ht).

Compounds 1 and 5 - 38 were made in accordance with the procedures disclosed in Example wo 2013/062980 2012/061507 Example 2, Step 1: Preparation of 3-(2,5-dimethyl-1H-imidazolyl)pyridine The compound was prepared ing the general procedure found in: Sharma, S.D.; ka, P.; Konwar, D. Tetrahedron Lett. 2008,49, 2216. 1-Pyridinyl-propane-1,2-dione (prepared as described in Knaus, E.E.; Avasthi, K.; Redda, K.; Benderly, A. Can. J. Chern. 1980, 58(2), 130; 0.50 g, 3.35 mmol), ammonium acetate (NH40Ac; 0.517 g, 6.71 mmol) and indium (III) chloride (0.074 g, 0.033 mmol) were weighed into a 50 mL round bottomed flask. Methanol (MeOH; 7 mL) and acetaldehyde (0.148 g, 0.190 mL, 3.35 mmol) were added via syringe and the cloudy mixture was stirred vigorously overnight. Analysis by thin layer chromatography (TLC; CH2Ch (DCM):MeOH I 10:1 indicated that some starting material ed. Additional ammonium acetate (0.517 g, 6.71 mmol), indium (III) chloride (0.074 g, 0.033 mmol) and acetaldehyde (0.148 g, 0.190 mL, 3.35 mmol) were added and again d to stir ght. The mixture was filtered through paper rinsing with MeOH to remove sediment and then concentrated to low volume. The residue was purified via flash silica gel chromatography, DCM:MeOH I 10:1 to afford a low Rf nd. The material was dissolved in a minimum amount of DCM and treated with sat. aq sodium bicarbonate (NaHC03). The resulting precipitate was collected by filtration and washed with water and DCM and dried to give 0.105 g of a light yellow powder. The layers of the filtrate were separated and the aqueous phase was ted repeatedly with DCM and ethyl acetate (EtOAc). The combined extracts were dried over Na2S04, filtered and concentrated to give an additional 0.06 g of the title compound as a yellow orange solid (0.165 g, 28%): mp 179- 181 oc; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCb) o8.85 (bs, 1H), 8.46 (d, J = 4.1 Hz, 1H), 7.99 (bs, 1H), 7.31 (dd, 1= 7.7, 4.7 Hz, 1H), 2.44 (s, 6H); ESIMS m/z 174 ([M+Ht).and 172 ([M-HD. wo 2013/062980 2012/061507 Example 2, Step 2: Preparation of (2,5-dimethylpyridinyl-imidazolyl)carbamic acid utyl ester und 4) 3-(2,5-Dimethyl-1H-imidazolyl)pyridine (0.035 g, 0.220 mmol) was weighed into an oven dried, nitrogen swept 10 mL round ed flask. Tetrahydrofuran (THF, 1 mL) was added via syringe and the resulting slurry cooled on an ice bath under nitrogen and treated with sodium hydride (0.0097 g, 0.242 mmol. 60% dispersion in oil) with stirring. After 10 minutes, 3-(4-cyano-phenyl)oxaziridinecarboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (0.052 g, 0.212 mmol) was added as a solid and the thick yellow slurry allowed to warm to room temperature and stir for 2 hours. The crude reaction mixture was loaded directly onto a flash silica gel column and eluted with DCM:MeOH (10:1) giving (2,5-dimethylpyridinyl-imidazol yl)carbamic acid tert-butyl ester as a light yellow oil as a 5:1 mixture with its regioisomer (0.027 g, 46%): IR (thin film) 3389, 2978, 2930, 1730, 1478, 1275, 1252, 1156, 1017, 951, 711, 573 cm-1; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO, Major isomer) o10.41 (s, 1H), 8.81 (s, 1H), 8.39 (s, 1H), 7.95 (d, J =8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.44-7.28 (m, 1H), 2.21 (s, 3H), 2.18 (s, 3H), 1.46 (s, 9H); ESIMS m/z 289 ([M+Ht).and 287 ([M-HD. e 3: Preparation oftert-butyl (2-methyl(pyridinyl)-1H-imidazolyl)- carbamate To a mixture of ethyl acetimidate hydrochloride (2.0 g, 16.20 mmol) and TEA (3.28 g, 32.4 mmol) in EtOH (40 mL) was added a solution of tert-butyl hydrazinecarboxylate (2.14 g, 16.20 mmol) in EtOH (10 mL) at room temperature. The resulting mixture was stirred at wo 2013/062980 room temperature overnight. To the resulting mixture was added a solution of 2-bromo (pyridinyl)ethanone hydrobromide (5.0 g, 17.9 mmol) and TEA (4.9 g, 48.6 mmol) in EtOH (20 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at room ature for 5 h then heated to reflux and stirred overnight. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was purified via silica gel chromatography (DCM:MeOH, 10:1) to give the title nd as an orange oil (0.76 g, 17.3%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCb) o8.87 (s, lH), 8.45 (d, lH, J = 6.3 Hz), 8.43 (s, lH), 8.05 (d, lH, J = 6.3 Hz), 7.33-7.25 (m, 2H), 2.37 (s, 3H), 1.51 (s, 9H); ESIMS m/z 275 ([M+Ht).

Example 4: Preparation oftert-butyl methyl(2-methyl(pyridinyl)-1H-imidazolyl) carbamate (Compound 3) (another way of making Compound 3) To a solution of tert-butyl2-methyl(pyridinyl)-1H-imidazolylcarbamate (2.0 g, 7.3 mmol) in dry DMF (15 mL) at 0 °C was added sodium hydride (NaH; 0.35 g, 8.7 mmol, 60% sion in oil). The reaction was stirred at 0 °C for 30 min and then methyl iodide (1.55 g, .9 mmol) was added portionwise. The on mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 3 h before it was warmed to ambient temperature. The reaction was extracted with EtOAc (15 mL x 2).

The combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate (Na2S04), filtered and concentrated to give the title compound (1.18 g, 56.2%) as an orange oil, which was used in the next step without r cation: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCb): o8.96 (s, 1H), 8.49 (s, 1H), 8.16-8.13 (m, 1H), 7.38-7.36 (m, 2H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 2.35 (s, 3H), 1.44 (s, 9H); ESIMS m/z 289 ([M+Ht). tert-Butyl ethyl(2-methyl(pyridinyl)-1H-imidazolyl)carbamate was prepared in accordance with the procedures disclosed in Example 4: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCb) o8.94 (s, 1H), .46 (m, 1H), 8.09-8.05 (m, 1H), 7.31-7.29 (m, 1H), 7.20 (s, 1H), 3.86-3.67 (m, 2H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 1.44 (s, 9H), 1.21 (t, J =7.2 Hz, 3H); ESIMS m/z 303 ([M+Ht). wo 2013/062980 tert-Butyl (cyclopropylmethyl)(2-methyl(pyridinyl)-1H-imidazol-l-yl)carbamate was prepared in accordance with the procedures disclosed in e 4: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCb) o8.94 (s, lH), 8.48-8.46 (m, lH), .06 (m, lH), 7.31-7.28 (m, lH), 7.25 (s, lH), 3.59-3.54 (m, 2H), 2.37 (s, 3H), 1.44 (s, 9H), 1.05-0.93 (m, 1H), 0.56-0.53 (m, 2H), 0.20-0.15 (m, 2H); ESIMS m/z 329 ([M+Ht). tert-Butyl (4-(5-fluoropyridinyl)methyl-lH-imidazolyl)(methyl)carbamate was prepared in accordance with the procedures disclosed in Example 4: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCb) o8.72 (s, lH), 8.31 (d, J = 2.7 Hz, lH), 7.83-7.78 (m, lH), 7.27 (s, lH), 3.36 (s, 3H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 1.44 (s, 9H); ESIMS m/z 307 ([M+Ht). tert-Butyl ethyl(4-(5-fluoropyridinyl)methyl-lH-imidazolyl)carbamate was prepared in accordance with the procedures disclosed in Example 4: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCb) o 8.73 (s, lH), 8.32-8.31 (m, lH), 7.84-7.80 (m, lH), 7.23 (s, 1H), 3.87-3.70 (m, 2H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 1.45 (s, 9H), 1.21 (t, J =7.2 Hz, 3H); ESIMS m/z 321 ([M+Ht). tert-Butyl (cyclopropylmethyl)(4-(5-fluoropyridinyl)methyl-lH-imidazol yl)carbamate was prepared in accordance with the procedures disclosed in Example 4: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCb) o8.7s (s, lH), 8.30-8.29 (m, lH), 7.85-7.80 (m, lH), 7.27 (s, lH), 3.57-3.54 (m, 2H), 2.37 (s, 3H), 1.44 (s, 9H), 1.02-0.93 (m, 1H), 0.55-0.53 (m, 2H), 0.21-0.17 (m, 2H); ESIMS m/z 347 ([M+Ht).

Example 5, Step 1: ation ofEchloro-N-(4-chlorobenzylidene)(pyridinyl)- 1H-imidazolamine To a on of (E)-N1-(4-chlorobenzylidene)(pyridinyl)-1H-imidazole-1,2-diamine (5.3 g, 18 mmol) and CuCl (1.79 g, 18 mmol) in acetonitrile (100 mL) was added isopentyl nitrite (3.15 g, 27 mmol) at 0 °C. The reaction e was stirred for 1 h at room wo 2013/062980 temperature, and then heated to 70 °C for 3 h. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was ed by column chromatography (petroleum ether:EtOAc, 2:1) to give the title compound (258 mg, 4%) as a white solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCb) o 8.99 (s, lH), 8.55-8.54 (m, lH), 8.42 (s, lH), 8.17-8.13 (m, 1H), 7.86-7.83 (m, 3H), 7.50 (d, J =8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.36-7.31 (m, lH); ESIMS m/z 317 ([M+Ht).

Example 5, Step 2: Preparation of 2-chloro(pyridinyl)-1H-imidazolamine To a solution of Echloro-N-(4-chlorobenzylidene)(pyridinyl)-1H-imidazolamine (210 mg, 0.66 mmol) in 2-methoxyethanol (5 mL) was added 80% hydrazine hydrate (0.5 mL). The on mixture was heated to 130 °C for 1 hand then the reaction mixture was concentrated. The residue was purified by column chromatography leum ether:EtOAc, 1:1) to give the title compound (100 mg, 78%) as a yellow solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCb) o8.91 (s, 1H), 8.50-8.49 (m, 1H), 8.06-8.03 (m, 1H), 7.43 (s, 1H), 7.34-7.30 (m, 1H), 4.87 (br, 2H); ESIMS m/z 195 ([M+Ht).

Example 5, Step 3: Preparation of N-(2-chloro(pyridinyl)-1H-imidazol tamide (Compound 39) To a solution of 2-chloro(pyridinyl)-1H-imidazolamine (30 mg, 0.15 mmol) and TEA (15 mg, 0.15 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was added acetyl chloride (12 mg, 0.15 mmol) at 0 0 C. The on mixture was stirred for 30 min at 0 °C. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by preparative thin layer chromatography wo 2013/062980 2012/061507 (prep-TLC; petroleum ether:EtOAc, 1:2) to give the title compound (10 mg, 27%) as a yellow solid: mp 129-131 oc; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCb) o10.69 (br, lH), 8.81-8.80 (m, lH), 8.44-8.43 (m, lH), 8.02-8.00 (m, lH), 7.33 (br s, 2H), 2.20 (s, 3H); ESIMS m/z 237 ([M+Ht).

Example 6, Step 1: Preparation oftert-butyl (4-bromo-1H-imidazolyl)carbamate o-1H-imidazole(3.2 g, 21.8 mmol) was weighed into a 500 mLround bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stir bar under a nitrogen atmosphere. Anhydrous DMF, (12 mL) was added and the mixture was placed on ice. After 10 min the mixture was treated with NaH (0.840 g, 21.0 mmol. 60% dispersion in oil). After 5 min, the ice bath was removed and the reaction was warmed to room temperature. After 15 min of vigorous stirring the ice bath was replaced and 3-(4-cyanophenyl)oxaziridinecarboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (1.92 g, 7.80 mmol) was added. The reaction was vigorously stirred for 5 min and the ice bath was d. After 5 min the mixture was diluted with saturated NaHC03 and extracted with EtOAc. The organics were washed with dilute sodium carbonate, dried over Na2S04, ed, and concentrated. The e was purified using silica gel chromatography (0-5% MeOH I DCM) to afford the title compound (1.16 g, 4.43 mmol, 57%) as a yellow oil: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCb) o9.22 (s, 1H), 7.36 (d, J = 1.5 Hz, 1H), 6.97 (d, J = 1.5 Hz, 1H), 1.48 (s, 9H); ESIMS m/z 262 ([Mt), 260 ([M-2D.

Example 6, Step 2: Preparation of tert-butyl (4-bromo-1H-imidazol yl)(ethyl)carbamate wo 2013/062980 tert-Butyl (4-bromo-lH-imidazolyl)carbamate (1.16 g, 4.43 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (12 mL) and treated with NaH (0.310 g, 7.75 mmol, 60% dispersion in oil). After 45 min, the mixture was cooled on an ice bath and was treated with iodoethane (0.828 g, 5.31 mmol). The ice bath was removed after five min of stirring and the reaction was stirred for an additional 90 min. The on mixture was diluted with aqueous K2C03 (50 mL, 5% wlw) and the product was extracted with EtOAc. The organics were washed with 5% aqueous K 2C03 and brine and dried over Na2S04 and filtered. The organic layer was concentrated and the residue was purified using silica gel chromatography (0-10% MeOH I DCM) to afford the title compound (1.023 g, 3.53 mmol, 80%) as a yellow oil: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCb) o7.37 (d, J = 1.5 Hz, lH), 6.93 (d, J = 1.5 Hz, lH), 3.71 (q, J =7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.44 (s, 9H), 1.16 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H); ESIMS m/z 290 ([M+Ht).

Example 6, Step 3: Preparation oftert-butyl 4-(pyridinyl)-1H-imidazol yl)carbamate (Compound 40) tert-Butyl (4-bromo-1H-imidazolyl)(ethyl)carbamate (253.7 mg, 0.874 mmol), pyridin ylboronic acid (113 mg, 0.918 mmol), K2C03 (329 mg, 2.39 mmol), water (0.870 mL), absolute EtOH (1.74 mL), and toluene (3.50 mL) were placed into a 10 mL round bottomed flask equipped with condenser and magnetic stir bar. The atmosphere was d with nitrogen and tetrakis triphenylphosphine palladium (30.0 mg, 0.026 mmol) was added. The mixture was heated to 110 oc and stirred for 16 h. The reaction was cooled, the c layer set aside, and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc. All of the organics were combined, dried over Na2S04, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified using silica gel chromatography (0-25% MeOH I DCM) to afford the title nd (81 mg, 0.28 mmol, 32%) as a yellow oil: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3CN) o9.00 (d, J = 2.5 Hz, 1H), 8.46 (d, J =4.8 Hz, 1H), 8.11 (m, 1H), 7.67 (d, J = 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.61 (d, J = 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (m, 1H), 3.76 (q, J =7.1 Hz, 2H), 1.45 (s, 9H), 1.17 (t, J =7.2 Hz, 3H); ESIMS m/z 289 ([M+Ht). wo 2013/062980 Example 6, Step 4: ation oftert-butyl (2-chloro(pyridinyl)-1H-imidazol yl)(ethyl)carbamate (Compound 41) Cl 0 \/ N:::( 'Y--o,Y-- N A vacuum dried 25 mL round bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stir bar and containing tert-butyl ethyl(4-(pyridinyl)-1H-imidazolyl)carbamate (77 mg, 0.267 mmol) was charged with anhydrous THF (3 mL) and cooled to -78 °C. n-Butyllithium (0.25 mL 0.675 mmol, 2.5 Min hexanes) was added and the mixture was stirred for 15 min.

Hexachloroethane ( 189 mg, 0.80 mmol), dissolved in anhydrous THF (1 mL), was added dropwise to the reaction mixture while maintaining a temperature of- 78 °C. After stirring for 1 h, the reaction was allowed to warm to room ature. The on mixture was loaded directly on a silica gel column and the THF was removed in a vacuum oven. The crude product was purified using silica gel chromatography (0-25% MeOH I DCM) to afford the title compound (3 mg, 0.009 mmol, 3.5%) as a yellow oil:. 1H NMR (600 MHz, CDCb) o 8.92 (d, J = 1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.50 (dd, J = 4.8, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 8.06 (dt, J =7.9, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.33- 7.27 (m, 2H), 3.89 (dq, J = 14.5, 7.3 Hz, 1H), 3.68 (dq, J = 14.3, 7.2 Hz, 1H), 1.44 (s, 9H), 1.22 (t, J =7.2 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (151 MHz, CDCb) o152.90, 148.47, 146.02, 136.07, 134.08, 131.81, , 123.36, 117.66, 83.23, 45.32, 28.04, 13.03; ESIMS m/z 323 ([M+Ht).

Example 7, Step 1: Preparation of tert-Butyl hyl(pyridinyl)-1H-imidazol yl)(propynyl)carbamate (Compound 43) wo 2013/062980 To a solution of tert-butyl (2-methyl(pyridinyl)-IH-imidazolyl)carbamate (Prepared as bed in US 20120110701 AI; Garizi et. al.; 0.5 g, 1.823 mmol) in DMF (6.08 ml) at 0 oc was added sodium hydride (0.102 g, 2.55 mmol). The reaction e was stirred at 0 oc for 30 minutes before propargyl bromide (0.325 g, 2.187 mmol, 80 wt. % in toluene) was added. The flask was allowed to warm to ambient temperature and the reaction mixture was stirred for 1 hour. To the reaction mixture was added saturated ammonium chloride and the organic layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (3x). The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified using silica gel chromatography (0-20% methanol/dichloromethane) to afford the title compound as an orange oil (265 mg, 0.848 mmol, 46 % yield): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCb) o8.93 (s, IH), 8.46 (s, IH), 8.06 (dt, J = 7.9, 1.9 Hz, IH), 7.33 (s, IH), 7.31-7.26 (m, IH), 4.62-4.46 (m, IH), 4.46- 4.27 (m, IH), 2.38 (s, 3H), 2.37-2.36 (m, IH), 1.45 (s, 9H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCb) o159.88, 152.57, 147.96, 146.54, 146.48, 135.68, , 129.75, 123.51, 123.48, 114.96, 83.90, 74.38, 27.99, 12.17; ESIMS m/z 313 ([M+Ht). e 7, Step 2: Preparation of 2-methyl-N-(propynyl)(pyridinyl)-1H- imidazolamine To a on of tert-butyl hyl(pyridinyl)-1H-imidazolyl)(propyn yl)carbamate (0.25 g, 0.800 mmol) in dichloromethane (1 ml) was added 2,2,2-trifluoroacetic acid (0.981 ml, 12.81 mmol). The reaction e was d at ambient temperature for 3 hours. The reaction was quenched by adding saturated sodium bicarbonate and the organic layer was extracted with dichloromethane (2x). The combined organic layers were dried over sodium e, filtered and concentrated to give the title compound as a brown oil (168 mg, 0.792 mmol, 99% crude yield). The crude compound was used without further purification in subsequent reactions: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCb) o8.90 (s, 1H), 8.41 (d, J = 3.9 Hz, 1H), 8.02 (dt, J =7.9, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (s, 1H), 7.26 (dd, J =7.9, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 5.86 (t, J = 5.2 Hz, 1H), 3.84 (dd, J =5.2, 2.4 Hz, 2H), 2.44 (s, 3H), 2.41 (t, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, wo 2013/062980 CDCb) o147.51, 146.48, 146.28, 134.99, , 130.41, 123.48, 115.28, 79.47, 74.21, 42.18, 12.28; ESIMS m/z 213 ).

Example 7, Step 3: Preparation ofN-(2-methyl(pyridinyl)-1H-imidazolyl) (methylthio)-N-(propynyl)butanamide (Compound 42) To a solution of 2-methyl-N-(propynyl)(pyridinyl)-1H-imidazolamine (0.168 g, 0.792 mmol) in romethane (3.17 ml) was added N-ethyl-N-isopropylpropanamine (0.164 ml, 0.950 mmol) followed by 3-(methylthio)propanoyl chloride (0.132 g, 0.950 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 hours. The on mixture was concentrated and purified via silica gel chromatography (0-100% ethyl acetate/hexane) to afford the title compound as a yellow oil (30 mg, 0.095 mmol, 12% yield): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCb) o8.94 (s, 1H), 8.50 (d, J = 3.8 Hz, 1H), 8.07 (dt, J = 7.9, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (s, 1H), 7.31 (dd, J = 7.6, 4.6 Hz, 1H), 4.75 - 4.66 (m, 1H), 4.55 - 4.45 (m, 1H), 2.77 (t, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.44 (s, 3H), 2.37 (s, 1H), 2.34 (br s, 2H), 2.04 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCb) o171.76, 148.51, 146.53, , 137.00, 132.07, 123.59, 115.25, 76.09, 74.72, 38.76, 31.89, 28.87, 28.06, 15.96, 12.31; ESIMS m/z 315 ([M+Ht).

Example A: BIOASSAYS ON GREEN PEACH APHID ) (Myzus persicae) (MYZUPE).

GPA is the most significant aphid pest of peach trees, causing decreased growth, shriveling of the leaves, and the death of various tissues. It is also hazardous because it acts as a vector for the transport of plant viruses, such as potato virus Y and potato leafroll virus to members of the nightshade/potato family ceae, and various mosaic viruses to many other food crops. GPA attacks such plants as broccoli, k, cabbage, carrot, cauliflower, daikon, eggplant, green beans, lettuce, macadamia, papaya, peppers, sweet potatoes, tomatoes, ress, and zucchini, among other plants. GPA also attacks many ornamental crops such as carnation, chrysanthemum, flowering white cabbage, poinsettia, and roses. GPA has developed resistance to many pesticides. wo 2013/062980 Certain molecules disclosed in this document were tested against GPA using procedures bed in the following example. In the reporting of the results, the "Table 3: GPA (MYZUPE) and sweetpotato whitefly-crawler (BEMITA) Rating Table" was used (See Table Section).

Cabbage ngs grown in 3-inch pots, with 2-3 small (3-5 em) true leaves, were used as test substrate. The seedlings were infested with 20-50 GPA (wingless adult and nymph stages) one day prior to chemical ation. Four pots with individual seedlings were used for each treatment. Test compounds (2 mg) were dissolved in 2 mL of acetone/methanol (1:1) solvent, forming stock solutions of 1000 ppm test compound. The stock solutions were diluted 5X with 0.025% Tween 20 in H20 to obtain the solution at 200 ppm test compound. A hand-held aspirator-type sprayer was used for spraying a solution to both sides of cabbage leaves until runoff. Reference plants (solvent check) were sprayed with the diluent only containing 20% by volume of e/methanol (1: 1) solvent. d plants were held in a holding room for three days at approximately 25 oc and ambient relative humidity (RH) prior to grading. tion was conducted by counting the number of live aphids per plant under a microscope. Percent Control was measured by using Abbott's correction formula (W.S. Abbott, "A Method of ing the Effectiveness of an Insecticide" J. Econ. Entomol. 18 , pp.265-267) as follows.

Corrected % l = 100 * (X - Y) I X where X= No. of live aphids on solvent check plants and Y =No. of live aphids on treated plants The results are indicated in the table entitled "Table 4. Biological Data for GPA (MYZUPE) and sweetpotato ly-crawler (BEMITA)" (See Table Section).

Example B: Insecticidal test for sweetpotato whitefly-crawler (Bemisia tabaci) (BEMITA) in foliar spray assay Cotton plants grown in 3-inch pots, with 1 small (3-5 em) true leaf, were used as test substrate. The plants were placed in a room with whitefly adults. Adults were allowed to deposit eggs for 2-3 days. After a 2-3 day egg-laying period, plants were taken from the adult whitefly room. Adults were blown off leaves using a hand-held Devilbiss sprayer (23 psi).

Plants with egg infestation (100-300 eggs per plant) were placed in a holding room for 5-6 days at 82 oF and 50% RH for egg hatch and r stage to develop. Four cotton plants wo 2013/062980 were used for each ent. Compounds (2 mg) were dissolved in 1 mL of acetone solvent, forming stock solutions of 2000 ppm. The stock solutions were diluted lOX with 0.025% Tween 20 in H20 to obtain a test solution at 200 ppm. A hand-held Devilbiss sprayer was used for spraying a solution to both sides of cotton leaf until runoff. nce plants nt check) were sprayed with the diluent only. d plants were held in a holding room for 8-9 days at approximately 82°F and 50% RH prior to grading. tion was conducted by counting the number of live nymphs per plant under a microscope. Insecticidal activity was measured by using Abbott's correction formula and presented in "Table 4. Biological Data for GPA (MYZUPE) and sweetpotato whitefly-crawler (BEMITA)" (see column "BEMITA"): Corrected % Control = 100 * (X - Y) I X where X = No. of live nymphs on solvent check plants Y = No. of live nymphs on treated plants PESTICIDALLY ACCEPTABLE ACID ADDITION SALTS, SALT DERIVATIVES, SOLVATES, ESTER DERIVATIVES, POLYMORPHS, ISOTOPES AND RADIONUCLIDES Molecules of Formula One may be formulated into pesticidally acceptable acid addition salts. By way of a miting example, an amine function can form salts with hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, phosphoric, acetic, benzoic, citric, malonic, salicylic, malic, fumaric, oxalic, succinic, tartaric, lactic, gluconic, ascorbic, maleic, aspartic, benzenesulfonic, methanesulfonic, ethanesulfonic, hydroxymethanesulfonic, and hydroxyethanesulfonic acids. Additionally, by way of a miting example, an acid function can form salts including those derived from alkali or alkaline earth metals and those d from ammonia and amines. Examples of preferred cations include sodium, potassium, and magnesium.

Molecules of Formula One may be formulated into salt derivatives. By way of a nonlimiting example, a salt tive can be prepared by contacting a free base with a sufficient amount of the desired acid to produce a salt. A free base may be rated by treating the salt with a suitable dilute aqueous base solution such as dilute aqueous sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium ate, ammonia, and sodium bicarbonate. As an example, in many cases, a ide, such as 2,4-D, is made more water-soluble by converting it to its dimethylamine salt.. wo 2013/062980 Molecules of Formula One may be formulated into stable complexes with a solvent, such that the complex remains intact after the non-complexed solvent is removed. These complexes are often referred to as "solvates." However, it is particularly desirable to form stable es with water as the solvent.

Molecules of Formula One may be made into ester derivatives. These ester derivatives can then be applied in the same manner as the invention sed in this nt is applied. les of Formula One may be made as various crystal polymorphs.

Polymorphism is important in the development of agrochemicals since different crystal polymorphs or structures of the same molecule can have vastly different physical properties and biological performances.

Molecules of Formula One may be made with different es. Of particular importance are molecules having 2H (also known as deuterium) in place of 1H.

Molecules of Formula One may be made with different uclides. Of particular importance are molecules having 14C.

STEREOISOMERS Molecules of Formula One may exist as one or more stereoisomers. Thus, certain molecules can be produced as racemic mixtures. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that one stereoisomer may be more active than the other stereoisomers. Individual stereoisomers may be obtained by known ive synthetic procedures, by conventional synthetic procedures using resolved starting materials, or by conventional tion procedures. Certain molecules disclosed in this document can exist as two or more isomers.

The various isomers include geometric isomers, diastereomers, and enantiomers. Thus, the molecules sed in this document include geometric isomers, racemic mixtures, individual stereoisomers, and optically active mixtures. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that one isomer may be more active than the others. The structures disclosed in the present disclosure are drawn in only one geometric form for clarity, but are intended to represent all ric forms of the molecule.

COMBINATIONS Molecules of Formula One may also be used in combination (such as, in a itional e, or a aneous or sequential application) with one or more compounds having acaricidal, algicidal, avicidal, bactericidal, fungicidal, herbicidal, wo 2013/062980 icidal, molluscicidal, nematicidal, rodenticidal, or dal properties. Additionally, the molecules of Formula One may also be used in ation (such as, in a itional mixture, or a aneous or sequential application) with compounds that are antifeedants, bird repellents, chemosterilants, herbicide safeners, insect attractants, insect repellents, mammal repellents, mating disrupters, plant activators, plant growth regulators, or synergists.

Examples of such compounds in the above groups that may be used with the Molecules of Formula One are- (3-ethoxypropyl)mercury bromide, 1,2-dichloropropane, 1,3- dichloropropene, 1-methylcyclopropene, !-naphthol, 2-(octylthio)ethanol, 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid, 2,3,6-TBA, 2,3,6-TBA-dimethylammonium, 2,3,6-TBA-lithium, 2,3,6- TEA-potassium, 2,3,6-TEA-sodium, 2,4,5-T, 2,4,5-Tbutoxypropyl, Tethylhexyl, 2,4,5-Tbutoxypropyl, 2,4,5-TB, T-butometyl, 2,4,5-T-butotyl, 2,4,5-T-butyl, 2,4,5-T- isobutyl, 2,4,5-T-isoctyl, 2,4,5-T-isopropyl, 2,4,5-T-methyl, 2,4,5-T-pentyl, 2,4,5-T-sodium, T-triethylammonium, 2,4,5-T-trolamine, 2,4-D, 2,4-Dbutoxypropyl, 2,4-D ethylhexyl, 2,4-Dbutoxypropyl, 2,4-D-ammonium, 2,4-DB, 2,4-DB-butyl, 2,4-DB- dimethylammonium, 2,4-DB-isoctyl, 2,4-DB-potassium, 2,4-DB-sodium, 2,4-D-butotyl, 2,4- D-butyl, 2,4-D-diethylammonium, 2,4-D-dimethylammonium, 2,4-D-diolamine, 2,4-D- dodecylammonium, 2,4-DEB, 2,4-DEP, 2,4-D-ethyl, 2,4-D-heptylammonium, 2,4-D-isobutyl, 2,4-D-isoctyl, isopropyl, 2,4-D-isopropylammonium, 2,4-D-lithium, 2,4-D-meptyl, 2,4- D-methyl, octyl, 2,4-D-pentyl, 2,4-D-potassium, 2,4-D-propyl, 2,4-D-sodium, 2,4-D- tefuryl, 2,4-D-tetradecylammonium, 2,4-D-triethylammonium, 2,4-D-tris(2- hydroxypropyl)ammonium, 2,4-D-trolamine, 2iP, 2-methoxyethylmercury chloride, 2- phenylphenol, 3,4-DA, 3,4-DB, , 4-aminopyridine, 4-CPA, 4-CPA-potassium, 4-CPA- sodium, 4-CPB, 4-CPP, 4-hydroxyphenethyl alcohol, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate, 8- phenylmercurioxyquinoline, abamectin, abscisic acid, ACC, acephate, acequinocyl, acetamiprid, acethion, acetochlor, acetophos, acetoprole, acibenzolar, acibenzolar-S-methyl, acifluorfen, orfen-methyl, acifluorfen-sodium, aclonifen, acrep, acrinathrin, acrolein, nitrile, acypetacs, acypetacs-copper, acypetacs-zinc, alachlor, alanycarb, albendazole, aldicarb, aldimorph, carb, aldrin, allethrin, allicin, allidochlor, allosamidin, dim, alloxydim-sodium, allyl alcohol, allyxycarb, alorac, alpha-cypermethrin, alpha-endosulfan, ametoctradin, ametridione, ametryn, amibuzin, amicarbazone, amicarthiazol, amidithion, amidoflumet, amidosulfuron, aminocarb, yclopyrachlor, aminocyclopyrachlor-methyl, aminocyclopyrachlor-potassium, aminopyralid, aminopyralid-potassium, aminopyralid-tris(2- hydroxypropyl)ammonium, amiprofos-methyl, amiprophos, amisulbrom, amiton, amiton wo 2013/062980 oxalate, amitraz, amitrole, um sulfamate, ammonium a-naphthaleneacetate, amobam, ampropylfos, anabasine, ancymidol, anilazine, os, anisuron, anthraquinone, antu, apholate, aramite, arsenous oxide, asomate, aspirin, asulam, asulam-potassium, asulamsodium , thion, atraton, atrazine, aureofungin, aviglycine, aviglycine hydrochloride, azaconazole, azadirachtin, azafenidin, azamethiphos, azimsulfuron, azinphos-ethyl, osmethyl , aziprotryne, azithiram, azobenzene, azocyclotin, azothoate, trobin, bachmedesh, barban, barium hexafluorosilicate, barium polysulfide, barthrin, BCPC, beflubutamid, benalaxyl, benalaxyl-M, benazolin, benazolin-dimethylammonium, benazolinethyl , benazolin-potassium, bencarbazone, benclothiaz, bendiocarb, benfluralin, benfuracarb, benfuresate, benodanil, benomyl, cor, fos, benquinox, bensulfuron, bensulfuron-methyl, bensulide, bensultap, bentaluron, bentazone, bentazone-sodium, benthiavalicarb, avalicarb-isopropyl, benthiazole, bentranil, benzadox, oxammonium , benzalkonium chloride, benzamacril, benzamacril-isobutyl, benzamorf, benzfendizone, benzipram, benzobicyclon, benzofenap, benzofluor, benzohydroxamic acid, benzoximate, benzoylprop, benzoylprop-ethyl, benzthiazuron, benzyl benzoate, benzyladenine, berberine, berberine chloride, beta-cyfluthrin, beta-cypermethrin, bethoxazin, bicyclopyrone, zate, bifenox, bifenthrin, bifujunzhi, bilanafos, bilanafos-sodium, binapacryl, bingqingxiao, bioallethrin, bioethanomethrin, biopermethrin, bioresmethrin, biphenyl, bisazir, bismerthiazol, ibac, ibac-sodium, bistrifluron, bitertanol, bithionol, n, blasticidin-S, borax, Bordeaux mixture, boric acid, id, brassinolide, brassinolide-ethyl, brevicomin, brodifacoum, brofenvalerate, brofluthrinate, bromacil, bromacil-lithium, bromacil-sodium, iolone, bromethalin, bromethrin, bromfenvinfos, bromoacetamide, bromobonil, bromobutide, bromocyclen, bromo-DDT, bromofenoxim, bromophos, bromophos-ethyl, bromopropylate, bromothalonil, bromoxynil, bromoxynil butyrate, bromoxynil heptanoate, bromoxynil octanoate, bromoxynil-potassium, brompyrazon, bromuconazole, bronopol, olate, bufencarb, buminafos, bupirimate, buprofezin, Burgundy mixture, busulfan, butacarb, butachlor, butafenacil, butamifos, butathiofos, butenachlor, butethrin, azole, buthiobate, buthiuron, butocarboxim, butonate, butopyronoxyl, butoxycarboxim, butralin, butroxydim, buturon, butylamine, butylate, cacodylic acid, cadusafos, cafenstrole, calcium arsenate, calcium chlorate, calcium ide, calcium polysulfide, phos, cambendichlor, camphechlor, camphor, captafol, captan, carbamorph, olate, carbaryl, carbasulam, carbendazim, carbendazim benzenesulfonate, carbendazim e, carbetamide, carbofuran, carbon disulfide, carbon wo 2013/062980 tetrachloride, carbophenothion, carbosulfan, carboxazole, carboxide, in, carfentrazone, carfentrazone-ethyl, carpropamid, cartap, cartap hydrochloride, carvacrol, carvone, CDEA, cellocidin, CEPC, ceralure, Cheshunt mixture, chinomethionat, chitosan, chlobenthiazone, chlomethoxyfen, chloralose, chloramben, chloramben-ammonium, chloramben-diolamine, chloramben-methyl, mben-methylammonium, chloramben-sodium, chloramine phosphorus, chloramphenicol, niformethan, chloranil, chloranocryl, chlorantraniliprole, chlorazifop, chlorazifop-propargyl, chlorazine, chlorbenside, enzuron, chlorbicyclen, chlorbromuron, chlorbufam, chlordane, chlordecone, chlordimeform, chlordimeform hydrochloride, chlorempenthrin, chlorethoxyfos, chloreturon, chlorfenac, enac- ammonium, chlorfenac-sodium, chlorfenapyr, chlorfenazole, chlorfenethol, chlorfenprop, chlorfenson, chlorfensulphide, chlorfenvinphos, chlorfluazuron, chlorflurazole, chlorfluren, chlorfluren-methyl, chlorflurenol, chlorflurenol-methyl, chloridazon, chlorimuron, chlorimuron-ethyl, chlormephos, chlormequat, chlormequat chloride, chlornidine, itrofen, chlorobenzilate, dinitronaphthalenes, chloroform, chloromebuform, chloromethiuron, chloroneb, chlorophacinone, chlorophacinone-sodium, chloropicrin, chloropon, propylate, thalonil, chlorotoluron, chloroxuron, chloroxynil, chlorphonium, chlorphonium chloride, chlorphoxim, chlorprazophos, chlorprocarb, chlorpropham, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, chlorquinox, chlorsulfuron, chlorthal, chlorthal-dimethyl, chlorthal-monomethyl, chlorthiamid, chlorthiophos, linate, choline chloride, chromafenozide, n I, cinerin II, cinerins, cinidon-ethyl, cinmethylin, cinosulfuron, ciobutide, cisanilide, cismethrin, clethodim, climbazole, cliodinate, clodinafop, clodinafop-propargyl, cloethocarb, clofencet, clofencet-potassium, tezine, clofibric acid, , clofop-isobutyl, clomazone, rop, cloprop, cloproxydim, clopyralid, clopyralid-methyl, clopyralid-olamine, clopyralid-potassium, clopyralid-tris(2- hydroxypropyl)ammonium, ntocet, cloquintocet-mexyl, cloransulam, cloransulammethyl , closantel, clothianidin, clotrimazole, cloxyfonac, cloxyfonac-sodium, CMA, codlelure, colophonate, copper acetate, copper acetoarsenite, copper arsenate, copper carbonate, basic, copper hydroxide, copper naphthenate, copper oleate, copper oxychloride, copper silicate, copper sulfate, copper zinc chromate, coumachlor, coumafuryl, coumaphos, coumatetralyl, coumithoate, coumoxystrobin, CPMC, CPMF, CPPC, credazine, , crimidine, crotamiton, crotoxyphos, crufomate, cryolite, cue-lure, cufraneb, cumyluron, cuprobam, cuprous oxide, curcumenol, cyanamide, cyanatryn, cyanazine, enphos, cyanophos, cyanthoate, cyantraniliprole, amid, cybutryne, uramid, cyclanilide, wo 2013/062980 cyclethrin, cycloate, cycloheximide, cycloprate, rothrin, cyclosulfamuron, ydim, cycluron, cyenopyrafen, cyflufenamid, cyflumetofen, cyfluthrin, cyhalofop, cyhalofop-butyl, cyhalothrin, cyhexatin, ole, cymiazole hydrochloride, cymoxanil, cyometrinil, cypendazole, cypermethrin, cyperquat, cyperquat chloride, cyphenothrin, cyprazine, cyprazole, cyproconazole, cyprodinil, cyprofuram, cypromid, ulfamide, cyromazine, cythioate, daimuron, dalapon, dalapon-calcium, dalapon-magnesium, dalapon-sodium, daminozide, dayoutong, dazomet, dazomet-sodium, DBCP, d-camphor, DCIP, DCPTA, DDT, debacarb, decafentin, decarbofuran, dehydroacetic acid, delachlor, deltamethrin, demephion, demephion-0, demephion-S, demeton, demeton-methyl, demeton-0, demeton , n-S, demeton-S-methyl, demeton-S-methylsulphon, desmedipham, desmetryn, d-fanshiluquebingjuzhi, diafenthiuron, dialifos, di-allate, diamidafos, diatomaceous earth, diazinon, dibutyl phthalate, dibutyl succinate, dicamba, dicamba-diglycolamine, dicambadimethylammonium , dicamba-diolamine, dicamba-isopropylammonium, a-methyl, dicamba-olamine, dicamba-potassium, dicamba-sodium, dicamba-trolamine, dicapthon, benil, dichlofenthion, dichlofluanid, dichlone, dichloralurea, dichlorbenzuron, dichlorflurenol, dichlorflurenol-methyl, dichlormate, dichlormid, dichlorophen, dichlorprop, dichlorpropethylhexyl, dichlorprop-butotyl, dichlorprop-dimethylammonium, dichlorpropethylammonium , dichlorprop-isoctyl, dichlorprop-methyl, dichlorprop-P, dichlorprop-P ethylhexyl, dichlorprop-P-dimethylammonium, dichlorprop-potassium, dichlorprop-sodium, dichlorvos, dichlozoline, utrazol, diclocymet, diclofop, diclofop-methyl, diclomezine, ezine-sodium, dicloran, diclosulam, l, dicoumarol, dicresyl, dicrotophos, dicyclanil, dicyclonon, dieldrin, dienochlor, diethamquat, diethamquat ride, diethatyl, diethatyl-ethyl, diethofencarb, dietholate, diethyl pyrocarbonate, diethyltoluamide, difenacoum, conazole, difenopenten, difenopenten-ethyl, xuron, oquat, difenzoquat metilsulfate, difethialone, diflovidazin, enzuron, diflufenican, diflufenzopyr, diflufenzopyr-sodium, diflumetorim, dikegulac, dikegulac-sodium, dilor, dimatif, dimefluthrin, dimefox, dimefuron, dimepiperate, dimetachlone, dimetan, dimethacarb, dimethachlor, dimethametryn, dimethenamid, dimethenamid-P, dimethipin, dimethirimol, dimethoate, dimethomorph, dimethrin, dimethyl carbate, dimethyl phthalate, dimethylvinphos, dimetilan, no, dimidazon, dimoxystrobin, dinex, dinex-diclexine, dingjunezuo, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, dinitramine, ton, dinocap, dinocap-4, p-6, dinocton, dinofenate, dinopenton, dinoprop, dinosam, dinoseb, dinoseb acetate, dinoseb-ammonium, dinoseb-diolamine, dinoseb-sodium, dinoseb-trolamine, dinosulfon, wo 2013/062980 dinotefuran, dinoterb, dinoterb acetate, dinoterbon, diofenolan, dioxabenzofos, dioxacarb, dioxathion, diphacinone, diphacinone-sodium, diphenamid, diphenyl sulfone, diphenylamine, dipropalin, dipropetryn, dipyrithione, diquat, diquat ide, disparlure, disul, disulfiram, oton, disul-sodium, ditalimfos, dithianon, dithicrofos, dithioether, dithiopyr, diuron, d- limonene, DMPA, DNOC, DNOC-ammonium, DNOC-potassium, DNOC-sodium, dodemorph, dodemorph acetate, dodemorph benzoate, dodicin, dodicin hydrochloride, dodicin-sodium, dodine, dofenapyn, dominicalure, doramectin, drazoxolon, DSMA, n, EBEP, EBP, ecdysterone, edifenphos, eglinazine, eglinazine-ethyl, emamectin, emamectin benzoate, EMPC, empenthrin, endosulfan, endothal, endothal-diammonium, endothal- dipotassium, endothal-disodium, endothion, endrin, enestroburin, EPN, epocholeone, epofenonane, epoxiconazole, eprinomectin, epronaz, EPTC, erbon, ergocalciferol, erlujixiancaoan, esdepallethrine, esfenvalerate, esprocarb, etacelasil, etaconazole, etaphos, etem, xam, lor, ethalfluralin, ethametsulfuron, ethametsulfuron-methyl, ochlor, on, ethidimuron, ethiofencarb, ate, ethion, ethiozin, ethiprole, ethirimol, ethoate-methyl, ethofumesate, ethohexadiol, ethoprophos, ethoxyfen, ethoxyfenethyl , ethoxyquin, ethoxysulfuron, ethychlozate, ethyl formate, ethyl a-naphthaleneacetate, ethyl-DDD, ethylene, ethylene dibromide, ethylene dichloride, ethylene oxide, ethylicin, ethylmercury 2,3-dihydroxypropyl mercaptide, ethylmercury acetate, ethylmercury bromide, ethylmercury chloride, ethylmercury phosphate, etinofen, etnipromid, etobenzanid, etofenprox, etoxazole, etridiazole, etrimfos, eugenol, EXD, famoxadone, famphur, fenamidone, fenaminosulf, fenamiphos, fenapanil, fenarimol, fenasulam, fenazaflor, fenazaquin, fenbuconazole, fenbutatin oxide, fenchlorazole, orazole-ethyl, fenchlorphos, fenclorim, fenethacarb, fenfluthrin, fenfuram, amid, fenitropan, fenitrothion, fenjuntong, carb, fenoprop, fenopropbutoxypropyl, op- butometyl, fenoprop-butotyl, fenoprop-butyl, fenoprop-isoctyl, op-methyl, fenoproppotassium , fenothiocarb, fenoxacrim, fenoxanil, fenoxaprop, fenoxaprop-ethyl, fenoxaprop-P, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, sulfone, fenoxycarb, fenpiclonil, fenpirithrin, pathrin, fenpropidin, fenpropimorph, fenpyrazamine, fenpyroximate, fenridazon, fenridazonpotassium , fenridazon-propyl, fenson, fensulfothion, fenteracol, fenthiaprop, fenthiaprop- ethyl, on, fenthion-ethyl, fentin, fentin acetate, fentin chloride, fentin hydroxide, fentrazamide, fentrifanil, fenuron, fenuron TCA, fenvalerate, ferbam, ferimzone, ferrous e, il, op, flamprop-isopropyl, flamprop-M, flamprop-methyl, flamprop-M- isopropyl, flamprop-M-methyl, flazasulfuron, flocoumafen, flometoquin, flonicamid, wo 2013/062980 florasulam, fluacrypyrim, fluazifop, fluazifop-butyl, fluazifop-methyl, fluazifop-P, fop- P-butyl, fluazinam, fluazolate, ron, flubendiamide, flubenzimine, flucarbazone, flucarbazone-sodium, flucetosulfuron, fluchloralin, uron, flucycloxuron, flucythrinate, fludioxonil, fluenetil, fluensulfone, flufenacet, flufenerim, flufenican, flufenoxuron, flufenprox, flufenpyr, flufenpyr-ethyl, flufiprole, hrin, flumetover, flumetralin, flumetsulam, flumezin, flumiclorac, flumiclorac-pentyl, flumioxazin, flumipropyn, flumorph, fluometuron, fluopicolide, fluopyram, fluorbenside, fluoridamid, fluoroacetamide, fluorodifen, fluoroglycofen, fluoroglycofen-ethyl, fluoroimide, fluoromidine, fluoronitrofen, iuron, fluotrimazole, fluoxastrobin, flupoxam, flupropacil, flupropadine, flupropanate, flupropanate-sodium, flupyradifurone, flupyrsulfuron, flupyrsulfuron-methyl, flupyrsulfuronmethyl-sodium , fluquinconazole, ole, flurenol, flurenol-butyl, flurenol-methyl, fluridone, flurochloridone, fluroxypyr, fluroxypyr-butometyl, fluroxypyr-meptyl, flurprimidol, flursulamid, flurtamone, flusilazole, flusulfamide, fluthiacet, acet-methyl, flutianil, flutolanil, flutriafol, fluvalinate, fluxapyroxad, fluxofenim, folpet, fomesafen, fomesafen- sodium, fonofos, foramsulfuron, forchlorfenuron, formaldehyde, formetanate, formetanate hydrochloride, formothion, ranate, ranate hydrochloride, fosamine, neammonium , fosetyl, fosetyl-aluminium, fosmethilan, fospirate, fosthiazate, fosthietan, frontalin, fuberidazole, fucaojing, fucaomi, funaihecaoling, fuphenthiourea, ne, furalaxyl, furamethrin, furametpyr, iocarb, banil, furconazole, furconazole-cis, furethrin, furfural, furilazole, furmecyclox, furophanate, furyloxyfen, gamma-cyhalothrin, gamma-HCH, genit, gibberellic acid, gibberellins, gliftor, glufosinate, glufosinateammonium , glufosinate-P, glufosinate-P-ammonium, glufosinate-P-sodium, glyodin, glyoxime, glyphosate, glyphosate-diammonium, sate-dimethylammonium, glyphosateisopropylammonium , glyphosate-monoammonium, glyphosate-potassium, glyphosate- sesquisodium, glyphosate-trimesium, glyphosine, gossyplure, grandlure, griseofulvin, guazatine, guazatine acetates, inate, halfenprox, halofenozide, halosafen, halosulfuron, halosulfuron-methyl, dine, haloxyfop, haloxyfop-etotyl, fop-methyl, haloxyfop- P, haloxyfop-P-etotyl, haloxyfop-P-methyl, haloxyfop-sodium, HCH, hemel, hempa, HEOD, heptachlor, heptenophos, heptopargil, heterophos, hexachloroacetone, hexachlorobenzene, lorobutadiene, hexachlorophene, hexaconazole, hexaflumuron, urate, hexalure, hexamide, hexazinone, hexylthiofos, hexythiazox, HHDN, holosulf, huancaiwo, huangcaoling, huanjunzuo, hydramethylnon, hydrargaphen, hydrated lime, hydrogen cyanide, hydroprene, hymexazol, hyquincarb, IAA, IBA, icaridin, il, imazalil nitrate, imazalil wo 2013/062980 sulfate, ethabenz, imazamethabenz-methyl, imazamox, imazamox-ammonium, imazapic, imazapic-ammonium, imazapyr, imazapyr-isopropylammonium, imazaquin, uin-ammonium, imazaquin-methyl, imazaquin-sodium, hapyr, imazethapyrammonium , imazosulfuron, imibenconazole, imicyafos, imidacloprid, imidaclothiz, iminoctadine, iminoctadine triacetate, iminoctadine trialbesilate, imiprothrin, inabenfide, indanofan, flam, indoxacarb, inezin, iodobonil, iodocarb, iodomethane, iodosulfuron, iodosulfuron-methyl, iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium, iofensulfuron, iofensulfuron-sodium, ioxynil, ioxynil octanoate, ioxynil-lithium, ioxynil-sodium, ipazine, ipconazole, ipfencarbazone, nfos, iprodione, licarb, iprymidam, ipsdienol, ipsenol, IPSP, isamidofos, isazofos, isobenzan, isocarbamid, isocarbophos, isocil, isodrin, isofenphos, isofenphos-methyl, isolan, hiozin, isonoruron, isopolinate, isoprocarb, isopropalin, isoprothiolane, isoproturon, isopyrazam, isopyrimol, isothioate, isotianil, isouron, isovaledione, isoxaben, hlortole, isoxadifen, isoxadifen-ethyl, isoxaflutole, yrifop, isoxathion, ivermectin, izopamfos, japonilure, japothrins, jasmolin I, jasmolin II, jasmonic acid, jiahuangchongzong, jiajizengxiaolin, jiaxiangjunzhi, jiecaowan, jiecaoxi, jodfenphos, juvenile hormone I, juvenile hormone II, juvenile hormone III, kadethrin, karbutilate, karetazan, karetazan-potassium, kasugamycin, kasugamycin hloride, kejunlin, kelevan, iradox, ketospiradox-potassium, kinetin, kinoprene, kresoximmethyl , kuicaoxi, lactofen, lambda-cyhalothrin, latilure, lead arsenate, lenacil, ctin, leptophos, lindane, lineatin, linuron, lirimfos, litlure, looplure, lufenuron, lvdingjunzhi, lvxiancaolin, lythidathion, MAA, malathion, maleic hydrazide, malonoben, maltodextrin, MAMA, mancopper, mancozeb, mandipropamid, maneb, e, mazidox, MCPA, MCPA- 2-ethylhexyl, MCPA-butotyl, MCPA-butyl, MCPA-dimethylammonium, MCPA-diolamine, MCPA-ethyl, MCPA-isobutyl, MCPA-isoctyl, MCPA-isopropyl, MCPA-methyl, MCPA- olamine, MCPA-potassium, MCPA-sodium, MCPA-thioethyl, MCPA-trolamine, MCPB, MCPB-ethyl, MCPB-methyl, MCPB-sodium, mebenil, mecarbam, mecarbinzid, mecarphon, mecoprop, opethylhexyl, op-dimethylammonium, mecoprop-diolamine, mecoprop-ethadyl, mecoprop-isoctyl, mecoprop-methyl, mecoprop-P, op-P ethylhexyl, op-P-dimethylammonium, mecoprop-P-isobutyl, mecoprop-potassium, op-P-potassium, mecoprop-sodium, mecoprop-trolamine, medimeform, medinoterb, medinoterb acetate, e, mefenacet, mefenpyr, mefenpyr-diethyl, mefluidide, mefluididediolamine , mefluidide-potassium, megatomoic acid, menazon, mepanipyrim, meperfluthrin, mephenate, mephosfolan, mepiquat, mepiquat chloride, mepiquat pentaborate, mepronil, wo 2013/062980 meptyldinocap, mercuric chloride, mercuric oxide, ous chloride, merphos, mesoprazine, mesosulfuron, mesosulfuron-methyl, mesotrione, mesulfen, mesulfenfos, metaflumizone, metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M, metaldehyde, metam, metam-ammonium, fop, metamitron, metam-potassium, metam-sodium, chlor, metazosulfuron, metazoxolon, azole, metepa, metflurazon, methabenzthiazuron, methacrifos, methalpropalin, methamidophos, methasulfocarb, ole, methfuroxam, methidathion, methiobencarb, methiocarb, methiopyrisulfuron, methiotepa, methiozolin, methiuron, methocrotophos, methometon, yl, methoprene, methoprotryne, methoquin-butyl, methothrin, methoxychlor, methoxyfenozide, methoxyphenone, methyl apholate, methyl bromide, methyl eugenol, methyl iodide, methyl isothiocyanate, methylacetophos, methylchloroform, methyldymron, methylene chloride, methylmercury benzoate, mercury dicyandiamide, methylmercury hlorophenoxide, methylneodecanamide, metiram, metobenzuron, metobromuron, metofluthrin, metolachlor, metolcarb, metominostrobin, metosulam, metoxadiazone, metoxuron, metrafenone, metribuzin, metsulfovax, metsulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, mevinphos, mexacarbate, mieshuan, milbemectin, milbemycin oxime, milneb, mipafox, mirex, MNAF, moguchun, molinate, molosultap, monalide, monisouron, monochloroacetic acid, monocrotophos, monolinuron, monosulfuron, monosulfuron-ester, monuron, monuron TCA, morfamquat, morfamquat dichloride, moroxydine, moroxydine hydrochloride, morphothion, morzid, moxidectin, MSMA, muscalure, myclobutanil, myclozolin, N-(ethylmercury)-p-toluenesulphonanilide, nabam, naftalofos, naled, naphthalene, naphthaleneacetamide, naphthalic anhydride, naphthoxyacetic acids, naproanilide, napropamide, naptalam, naptalam-sodium, natamycin, neburon, amide, niclosamide-olamine, nicosulfuron, ne, nifluridide, clofen, nitenpyram, zine, nitralin, nitrapyrin, nitrilacarb, nitrofen, nitrofluorfen, tyrene, nitrothal-isopropyl, norbormide, norflurazon, nornicotine, noruron, novaluron, noviflumuron, nuarimol, OCH, lorodipropyl ether, octhilinone, ofurace, omethoate, orbencarb, orfralure, ortho-dichlorobenzene, orthosulfamuron, oryctalure, orysastrobin, oryzalin, osthol, ostramone, oxabetrinil, oxadiargyl, zon, yl, oxamate, , oxapyrazon, oxapyrazon-dimolamine, oxapyrazon-sodium, oxasulfuron, oxaziclomefone, oxine-copper, ic acid, oxpoconazole, oxpoconazole fumarate, oxycarboxin, oxydemeton-methyl, oxydeprofos, oxydisulfoton, oxyfluorfen, oxymatrine, oxytetracycline, oxytetracycline hydrochloride, paclobutrazol, paichongding, para-dichlorobenzene, uron, paraquat, paraquat dichloride, paraquat dimetilsulfate, parathion, parathion-methyl, parinol, pebulate, wo 2013/062980 zoate, pelargonic acid, penconazole, pencycuron, pendimethalin, penflufen, penfluron, penoxsulam, pentachlorophenol, pentanochlor, penthiopyrad, pentmethrin, pentoxazone, perfluidone, permethrin, pethoxamid, phenamacril, phenazine oxide, opham, phenkapton, phenmedipham, phenmedipham-ethyl, phenobenzuron, phenothrin, phenproxide, phenthoate, phenylmercuriurea, phenylmercury acetate, phenylmercury chloride, phenylmercury derivative of pyrocatechol, phenylmercury nitrate, phenylmercury salicylate, phorate, phosacetim, phosalone, phosdiphen, phosfolan, phosfolan-methyl, phosglycin, phosmet, phosnichlor, phosphamidon, phosphine, phosphocarb, phosphorus, phostin, phoxim, phoxim-methyl, phthalide, picloram, picloramethylhexyl, picloram-isoctyl, picloram- methyl, picloram-olamine, picloram-potassium, picloram-triethylammonium, picloram-tris(2- hydroxypropyl)ammonium, picolinafen, picoxystrobin, pindone, pindone-sodium, den, piperalin, piperonyl butoxide, piperonyl cyclonene, piperophos, piproctanyl, piproctanyl bromide, piprotal, pirimetaphos, pirimicarb, pirimioxyphos, pirimiphos-ethyl, pirimiphosmethyl , plifenate, polycarbamate, polyoxins, orim, polyoxorim-zinc, polythialan, potassium arsenite, potassium azide, potassium cyanate, potassium ellate, potassium naphthenate, potassium polysulfide, potassium thiocyanate, potassium a-naphthaleneacetate, pp'-DDT, prallethrin, precocene I, precocene II, precocene III, pretilachlor, primidophos, ulfuron, primisulfuron-methyl, probenazole, prochloraz, prochloraz-manganese, proclonol, procyazine, procymidone, prodiamine, ofos, profluazol, profluralin, thrin, profoxydim, proglinazine, proglinazine-ethyl, prohexadione, prohexadionecalcium , rojasmon, promacyl, promecarb, on, prometryn, promurit, propachlor, propamidine, propamidine dihydrochloride, ocarb, propamocarb hydrochloride, il, propaphos, propaquizafop, propargite, thrin, propazine, propetamphos, propham, propiconazole, propineb, propisochlor, ur, propoxycarbazone, propoxycarbazone-sodium, propyl isome, propyrisulfuron, propyzamide, proquinazid, prosuler, prosulfalin, prosulfocarb, prosulfuron, prothidathion, prothiocarb, prothiocarb hydrochloride, prothioconazole, prothiofos, prothoate, protrifenbute, proxan, proxan-sodium, prynachlor, pydanon, pymetrozine, pyracarbolid, pyraclofos, pyraclonil, pyraclostrobin, ufen, pyraflufen-ethyl, pyrafluprole, pyramat, pyrametostrobin, pyraoxystrobin, pyrasulfotole, pyrazolynate, pyrazophos, pyrazosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, pyrazothion, xyfen, ethrin, pyrethrin I, pyrethrin II, rins, mbenz-isopropyl, pyribambenz-propyl, pyribencarb, pyribenzoxim, pyributicarb, pyriclor, ben, pyridafol, pyridalyl, pyridaphenthion, pyridate, pyridinitril, pyrifenox, pyrifluquinazon, pyriftalid, wo 2013/062980 pyrimethanil, pyrimidifen, pyriminobac, pyriminobac-methyl, pyrimisulfan, pyrimitate, pyrinuron, pyriofenone, pyriprole, pyripropanol, pyriproxyfen, pyrithiobac, pyrithiobacsodium , pyrolan, pyroquilon, pyroxasulfone, pyroxsulam, pyroxychlor, pyroxyfur, a, quinacetol, quinacetol sulfate, quinalphos, quinalphos-methyl, quinazamid, quinclorac, quinconazole, quinmerac, lamine, amid, quinothion, quinoxyfen, quintiofos, quintozene, quizalofop, quizalofop-ethyl, quizalofop-P, quizalofop-P-ethyl, quizalofop-P- tefuryl, quwenzhi, quyingding, rabenzazole, nide, de, resmethrin, rhodethanil, rhodojaponin-III, ribavirin, rimsulfuron, ne, ryania, saflufenacil, saijunmao, saisentong, salicylanilide, sanguinarine, santonin, schradan, scilliroside, sebuthylazine, secbumeton, sedaxane, selamectin, semiamitraz, semiamitraz chloride, sesamex, sesamolin, sethoxydim, shuangjiaancaolin, siduron, e, silafluofen, ane, silica gel, silthiofam, simazine, simeconazole, simeton, simetryn, sintofen, SMA, S-metolachlor, sodium arsenite, sodium azide, sodium chlorate, sodium fluoride, sodium fluoroacetate, sodium hexafluorosilicate, sodium naphthenate, sodium orthophenylphenoxide, sodium pentachlorophenoxide, sodium polysulfide, sodium thiocyanate, sodium a-naphthaleneacetate, sophamide, spinetoram, spinosad, spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, spirotetramat, spiroxamine, omycin, streptomycin sesquisulfate, strychnine, sulcatol, sulcofuron, sulcofuron-sodium, rione, sulfallate, sulfentrazone, sulfiram, sulfluramid, eturon, sulfometuron-methyl, sulfosulfuron, sulfotep, aflor, sulfoxide, sulfoxime, sulfur, sulfuric acid, sulfuryl fluoride, sulglycapin, sulprofos, sultropen, swep, tau-fluvalinate, tavron, tazimcarb, TCA, TCA-ammonium, TCA- calcium, TCA-ethadyl, TCA-magnesium, TCA-sodium, TDE, tebuconazole, tebufenozide, npyrad, tebufloquin, tebupirimfos, tebutam, tebuthiuron, tecloftalam, tecnazene, tecoram, teflubenzuron, tefluthrin, tefuryltrione, tembotrione, temephos, tepa, TEPP, tepraloxydim, terallethrin, terbacil, terbucarb, terbuchlor, terbufos, terbumeton, terbuthylazine, ryn, tetcyclacis, tetrachloroethane, tetrachlorvinphos, tetraconazole, tetradifon, tetrafluron, tetramethrin, tetramethylfluthrin, tetramine, tetranactin, tetrasul, thallium e, thenylchlor, theta-cypermethrin, ndazole, thiacloprid, thiadifluor, thiamethoxam, thiapronil, thiazafluron, thiazopyr, thicrofos, thicyofen, thidiazimin, thidiazuron, thiencarbazone, thiencarbazone-methyl, thifensulfuron, thifensulfuron-methyl, thifluzamide, thiobencarb, rboxime, thiochlorfenphim, thiocyclam, thiocyclam hydrochloride, thiocyclam oxalate, thiodiazole-copper, thiodicarb, thiofanox, thiofluoximate, thiohempa, thiomersal, thiometon, zin, thiophanate, thiophanate-methyl, thioquinox, thiosemicarbazide, ltap, thiosultap-diammonium, thiosultap-disodium, thiosultap- wo 2013/062980 monosodium, pa, thiram, thuringiensin, tiadinil, tiaojiean, tiocarbazil, tioclorim, tioxymid, tirpate, tolclofos-methyl, tolfenpyrad, tolylfluanid, ercury acetate, topramezone, tralkoxydim, tralocythrin, tralomethrin, tralopyril, transfluthrin, transpermethrin, tretamine, triacontanol, triadimefon, triadimenol, triafamone, tri-allate, triamiphos, triapenthenol, triarathene, triarimol, triasulfuron, mate, triazbutil, triaziflam, triazophos, triazoxide, tribenuron, tribenuron-methyl, tribufos, tributyltin oxide, tricamba, trichlamide, trichlorfon, trichlormetaphos-3, trichloronat, triclopyr, triclopyr-butotyl, triclopyr-ethyl, pyr-triethylammonium, tricyclazole, tridemorph, tridiphane, trietazine, trifenmorph, trifenofos, trifloxystrobin, trifloxysulfuron, trifloxysulfuron-sodium, triflumizole, triflumuron, trifluralin, triflusulfuron, triflusulfuron-methyl, trifop, trifopmethyl , sime, triforine, trihydroxytriazine, trimedlure, trimethacarb, trimeturon, trinexapac, trinexapac-ethyl, triprene, tripropindan, triptolide, tritac, triticonazole, tritosulfuron, trunc-call, uniconazole, uniconazole-P, urbacide, uredepa, valerate, validamycin, valifenalate, valone, vamidothion, vangard, vaniliprole, vernolate, vinclozolin, warfarin, warfarin-potassium, warfarin-sodium, xiaochongliulin, xinjunan, nan, XMC, xylachlor, xylenols, xylylcarb, yishijing, zarilamid, zeatin, zengxiaoan, zeta-cypermethrin, zinc naphthenate, zinc phosphide, zinc thiazole, zineb, ziram, zolaprofos, zoxamide, zuomihuanglong, rohydrin, a-ecdysone, a-multistriatin, and a-naphthaleneacetic acid.

For more ation consult the "COMPENDIUM OF PESTICIDE COMMON NAMES" located at htm.;LL~D.'{}Y.:f:!:.1J!!l~~'~QE!:!!f:.!LJ2f:.::t.ttS:~L~1f:.§Lj,mh~;;sJ:"!.t!I!1· Also consult "THE PESTICIDE " 14th Edition, edited by C D S Tomlin, copyright 2006 by h Crop tion Council, or its prior or more recent editions.

TICIDES Molecules of Formula One may also be used in combination (such as in a compositional mixture, or a simultaneous or sequential application) with one or more biopesticides. The term "biopesticide" is used for microbial biological pest control agents that are applied in a similar manner to chemical pesticides. Commonly these are bacterial, but there are also examples of fungal control agents, ing Trichoderma spp. and myces alis (a control agent for grape powdery mildew). Bacillus subtilis are used to control plant pathogens. Weeds and s have also been controlled with microbial agents. One well-known insecticide example is Bacillus thuringiensis, a ial disease of Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and Diptera. e it has little effect on other organisms, it is wo 2013/062980 considered more environmentally friendly than synthetic pesticides. Biological insecticides include products based on: 1. entomopathogenic fungi (e.g. Metarhizium anisopliae); 2. entomopathogenic nematodes (e.g. Steinernemafeltiae); and 3. entomopathogenic viruses (e.g. Cydia pomonella granulovirus).

Other examples of entomopathogenic organisms include, but are not d to, baculoviruses, bacteria and other yotic organisms, fungi, oa and Microsproridia.

Biologically derived insecticides include, but not limited to, rotenone, veratridine, as well as microbial toxins; insect tolerant or resistant plant varieties; and organisms modified by recombinant DNA technology to either e insecticides or to convey an insect resistant property to the cally modified organism. In one embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used with one or more biopesticides in the area of seed treatments and soil amendments. The Manual ofBiocontrol Agents gives a review of the available biological insecticide (and other biology-based control) products. Copping L.G. (ed.) (2004). The Manual ofBiocontrol Agents (formerly the Biopesticide Manual) 3rd Edition. British Crop Production Council (BCPC), m, Surrey UK.

OTHER ACTIVE COMPOUNDS Molecules of Formula One may also be used in combination (such as in a compositional mixture, or a simultaneous or tial application) with one or more of the following: 1. 3-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)hydroxyoxaazaspiro[4,5]decenone; 2. 3-(4'-chloro-2,4-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]yl)hydroxyoxaazaspiro[4,5]dec enone; 3. 4-[[(6-chloropyridinyl)methyl]methylamino]-2(5H)-furanone; 4. 4-[[(6-chloropyridinyl)methyl]cyclopropylamino]-2(5H)-furanone; . 3-chloro-N2-[(1S)methyl(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]-N1-[2-methyl[1,2,2,2- tetrafluoro(trifluoromethyl)ethy1]phenyl]-1 ,2-benzenedicarboxamide; 6. o-N-ethylfluoromethoxy-benenesulfonamide; 7. 2-cyano-N-ethylmethoxy-benzenesulfonamide; 8. 2-cyanodifluoromethoxy-N-ethylfluoro-benzenesulfonamide; 9. 2-cyanofluoromethoxy-N-ethyl-benzenesulfonamide; . 2-cyanofluoro- 3-methoxy-N,N-dimethyl-benzenesulfonamide; wo 2013/062980 11. 2-cyano-N-ethylfluoromethoxy-N-methyl-benzenesulfonamide; 12. 2-cyanodifluoromethoxy-N,N-dimethylbenzenesulfon-amide; 13. 3-(difluoromethyl)-N-[2-(3,3-dimethylbutyl)phenyl]methyl-1H-pyrazole carboxamide; 14. N-ethyl-2,2-dimethylpropionamide(2,6-dichloro-a,a,a-trifluoro-p-tolyl) hydrazone; . N-ethyl-2,2-dichloromethylcyclopropane-carboxamide(2,6-dichloro-a,a,atrifluoro-p-tolyl ) hydrazone nicotine; 16. 0-{(E-)-[2-(4-chloro-phenyl)cyano(2-trifluoromethylphenyl)-vinyl]} S-methyl rbonate; 17. (E)-N1-[(2-chloro-1,3-thiazolylmethyl)]-N2-cyano-N1-methylacetamidine; 18. 1-(6-chloropyridinylmethyl)methylnitro-1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydro-imidazo[1 ,2- a]pyridinol; 19. hlorophenyl-(2-butylidine-hydrazono)methyl)]phenyl te; and . N-Ethyl-2,2-dichloromethylcyclopropanecarboxamide(2,6-dichloro- alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoro-p-tolyl)hydrazone.

SYNERGISTIC MIXTURES Molecules of Formula One may be used with certain active compounds to form synergistic mixtures where the mode of action of such compounds compared to the mode of action of the molecules of Formula One are the same, similar, or different. Examples of modes of action include, but are not limited to: acetylcholinesterase inhibitor; sodium channel modulator; chitin biosynthesis inhibitor; GABA and glutamate-gated chloride channel antagonist; GABA and glutamate-gated de channel agonist; acetylcholine receptor agonist; acetylcholine receptor antagonist; MET I inhibitor; Mg-stimulated ATPase inhibitor; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor; Midgut membrane disrupter; oxidative phosphorylation ter, and ryanodine receptor . lly, weight ratios of the molecules of Formula One in a synergistic mixture with another compound are from about 10:1 to about 1:10, in another embodiment from about 5:1 to about 1:5, and in another embodiment from about 3: 1, and in another embodiment about 1: 1.

FORMULATIONS A pesticide is rarely suitable for application in its pure form. It is usually necessary to add other substances so that the pesticide can be used at the ed concentration and in an wo 2013/062980 appropriate form, permitting ease of application, handling, transportation, storage, and maximum pesticide activity. Thus, pesticides are formulated into, for example, baits, concentrated ons, dusts, emulsifiable concentrates, fumigants, gels, granules, microencapsulations, seed ents, suspension concentrates, suspoemulsions, tablets, water soluble liquids, water dispersible granules or dry flowables, wettable powders, and ultra low volume solutions. For further information on formulation types see "Catalogue of Pesticide Formulation Types and International Coding System" cal Monograph n°2, 5th Edition by CropLife International .

Pesticides are applied most often as s suspensions or emulsions prepared from concentrated formulations of such pesticides. Such water-soluble, water-suspendable, or emulsifiable formulations are either solids, usually known as wettable s, or water dispersible granules, or liquids usually known as emulsifiable concentrates, or aqueous suspensions. Wettable powders, which may be compacted to form water sible granules, comprise an intimate mixture of the pesticide, a carrier, and surfactants. The concentration of the pesticide is usually from about 10% to about 90% by weight. The carrier is usually selected from among the attapulgite clays, the montmorillonite clays, the diatomaceous , or the purified silicates. Effective surfactants, comprising from about 0.5% to about % of the wettable , are found among sulfonated lignins, condensed naphthalenesulfonates, naphthalenesulfonates, alkylbenzenesulfonates, alkyl sulfates, and non-ionic surfactants such as ethylene oxide adducts of alkyl phenols.

Emulsifiable concentrates of pesticides comprise a convenient concentration of a pesticide, such as from about 50 to about 500 grams per liter of liquid dissolved in a carrier that is either a water miscible solvent or a mixture of water-immiscible organic solvent and emulsifiers. Useful organic solvents include aromatics, especially xylenes and petroleum fractions, especially the high-boiling naphthalenic and olefinic portions of petroleum such as heavy aromatic naphtha. Other organic solvents may also be used, such as the ic solvents including rosin derivatives, aliphatic ketones such as cyclohexanone, and complex alcohols such as 2-ethoxyethanol. le emulsifiers for emulsifiable trates are selected from conventional c and non-ionic surfactants.

Aqueous suspensions se sions of water-insoluble pesticides dispersed in an aqueous carrier at a tration in the range from about 5% to about 50% by weight.

Suspensions are prepared by finely grinding the ide and vigorously mixing it into a carrier comprised of water and surfactants. Ingredients, such as nic salts and synthetic wo 2013/062980 or natural gums may also be added, to increase the density and viscosity of the aqueous carrier. It is often most effective to grind and mix the pesticide at the same time by preparing the aqueous mixture and homogenizing it in an implement such as a sand mill, ball mill, or piston-type homogenizer.

Pesticides may also be applied as granular compositions that are particularly useful for applications to the soil. Granular compositions usually contain from about 0.5% to about 10% by weight of the pesticide, dispersed in a carrier that comprises clay or a similar substance.

Such compositions are usually prepared by dissolving the pesticide in a suitable solvent and applying it to a granular carrier which has been pre-formed to the appropriate particle size, in the range of from about 0.5 to about 3 mm. Such compositions may also be formulated by making a dough or paste of the carrier and compound and crushing and drying to obtain the desired granular particle size.

Dusts containing a pesticide are prepared by intimately mixing the pesticide in powdered form with a suitable dusty agricultural carrier, such as kaolin clay, ground volcanic rock, and the like. Dusts can suitably contain from about 1% to about 10% of the ide.

They can be applied as a seed dressing or as a foliage application with a dust blower e.

It is equally practical to apply a ide in the form of a solution in an appropriate organic solvent, y petroleum oil, such as the spray oils, which are widely used in ltural chemistry.

Pesticides can also be applied in the form of an l composition. In such compositions the pesticide is dissolved or dispersed in a r, which is a pressuregenerating propellant mixture. The aerosol ition is packaged in a container from which the mixture is dispensed through an ing valve.

Pesticide baits are formed when the pesticide is mixed with food or an tant or both. When the pests eat the bait they also consume the pesticide. Baits may take the form of es, gels, flowable powders, liquids, or solids. They can be used in pest harborages.

Fumigants are pesticides that have a relatively high vapor pressure and hence can exist as a gas in sufficient concentrations to kill pests in soil or enclosed spaces. The toxicity of the fumigant is proportional to its concentration and the exposure time. They are characterized by a good capacity for diffusion and act by penetrating the pest'srespiratory system or being absorbed through the pest'scuticle. nts are d to control stored product pests under gas proof sheets, in gas sealed rooms or buildings or in special chambers. wo 2013/062980 ides can be microencapsulated by suspending the ide particles or droplets in plastic polymers of various types. By altering the chemistry of the polymer or by changing factors in the processing, microcapsules can be formed of s sizes, solubility, wall thicknesses, and degrees of penetrability. These factors govern the speed with which the active ingredient within is released, which in turn, affects the residual performance, speed of action, and odor of the product.

Oil solution concentrates are made by dissolving pesticide in a solvent that will hold the ide in solution. Oil solutions of a pesticide y provide faster knockdown and kill of pests than other formulations due to the solvents themselves having pesticidal action and the dissolution of the waxy covering of the integument increasing the speed of uptake of the pesticide. Other advantages of oil solutions include better storage stability, better penetration of crevices, and better adhesion to greasy surfaces.

Another embodiment is an oil-in-water emulsion, wherein the emulsion comprises oily globules which are each provided with a lamellar liquid crystal coating and are dispersed in an aqueous phase, wherein each oily globule comprises at least one compound which is agriculturally active, and is individually coated with a monolamellar or oligolamellar layer comprising: (1) at least one non-ionic lipophilic surface-active agent, (2) at least one nonionic hydrophilic surface-active agent and (3) at least one ionic surface-active agent, wherein the globules having a mean le diameter of less than 800 nanometers. r information on the embodiment is disclosed in U.S. patent publication 27034 published February 1, 2007, having Patent Application serial number 111495,228. For ease of use, this embodiment will be referred to as "OIWE".

For r information consult "Insect Pest Management" 2nd Edition by D. Dent, ght CAB International (2000). Additionally, for more detailed information consult "Handbook of Pest Control- The Behavior, Life History, and Control of Household Pests" by Arnold Mallis, 9th n, copyright 2004 by GIE Media Inc.

OTHER FORMULATION COMPONENTS Generally, when the les disclosed in Formula One are used in a formulation, such formulation can also contain other components. These components include, but are not limited to, (this is a non-exhaustive and non-mutually exclusive list) wetters, spreaders, rs, penetrants, s, sequestering , drift reduction agents, compatibility agents, wo 2013/062980 anti-foam agents, cleaning agents, and emulsifiers. A few ents are described forthwith.

A wetting agent is a substance that when added to a liquid increases the spreading or penetration power of the liquid by reducing the interfacial tension between the liquid and the surface on which it is spreading. Wetting agents are used for two main functions in agrochemical formulations: during processing and manufacture to increase the rate of wetting of powders in water to make concentrates for soluble liquids or suspension trates; and during mixing of a product with water in a spray tank to reduce the g time of wettable powders and to improve the penetration of water into water-dispersible granules. Examples of g agents used in wettable powder, suspension concentrate, and water-dispersible granule formulations are: sodium lauryl sulfate; sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate; alkyl phenol ethoxylates; and aliphatic alcohol ethoxylates.

A dispersing agent is a substance which adsorbs onto the surface of particles and helps to ve the state of dispersion of the particles and ts them from reaggregating.

Dispersing agents are added to agrochemical formulations to facilitate dispersion and suspension during manufacture, and to ensure the les redisperse into water in a spray tank. They are widely used in wettable powders, suspension concentrates and waterdispersible granules. tants that are used as dispersing agents have the ability to adsorb strongly onto a particle surface and provide a d or steric barrier to reaggregation of particles. The most commonly used surfactants are c, non-ionic, or mixtures of the two types. For wettable powder formulations, the most common dispersing agents are sodium lignosulfonates. For suspension concentrates, very good adsorption and stabilization are ed using ectrolytes, such as sodium naphthalene ate formaldehyde condensates. Tristyrylphenol ethoxylate phosphate esters are also used. Non-ionics such as alkylarylethylene oxide condensates and EO-PO block copolymers are sometimes combined with anionics as dispersing agents for suspension concentrates. In recent years, new types of very high molecular weight polymeric surfactants have been developed as dispersing agents.

These have very long hydrophobic ones'and a large number of ne oxide chains forming the 'teeth'of a 'comb'surfactant. These high molecular weight polymers can give very good long-term stability to suspension concentrates because the hydrophobic backbones have many anchoring points onto the particle surfaces. Examples of dispersing agents used in agrochemical formulations are: sodium lignosulfonates; sodium naphthalene sulfonate wo 2013/062980 formaldehyde condensates; tristyrylphenol ethoxylate phosphate esters; aliphatic alcohol ethoxylates; alkyl ethoxylates; EO-PO block copolymers; and graft copolymers.

An emulsifying agent is a substance which stabilizes a suspension of droplets of one liquid phase in another liquid phase. Without the emulsifying agent the two liquids would separate into two immiscible liquid . The most commonly used emulsifier blends contain alkylphenol or aliphatic alcohol with twelve or more ethylene oxide units and the oilsoluble calcium salt of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid. A range of hile-lipophile balance ("HLB") values from 8 to 18 will normally provide good stable emulsions. Emulsion stability can sometimes be improved by the addition of a small amount of an EO-PO block copolymer surfactant.

A solubilizing agent is a surfactant which will form micelles in water at concentrations above the critical micelle tration. The micelles are then able to dissolve or solubilize water-insoluble materials inside the hydrophobic part of the micelle. The types of surfactants usually used for solubilization are non-ionics, sorbitan monooleates, sorbitan monooleate ethoxylates, and methyl oleate .

Surfactants are sometimes used, either alone or with other additives such as mineral or vegetable oils as adjuvants to spray-tank mixes to improve the biological performance of the pesticide on the target. The types of surfactants used for bioenhancement depend generally on the nature and mode of action of the pesticide. r, they are often non-ionics such as: alkyl ethoxylates; linear aliphatic l ethoxylates; aliphatic amine ethoxylates.

A carrier or diluent in an agricultural formulation is a material added to the ide to give a product of the required strength. rs are y materials with high absorptive ties, while diluents are usually materials with low absorptive capacities. Carriers and diluents are used in the formulation of dusts, le powders, granules and water- sible granules.

Organic solvents are used mainly in the formulation of emulsifiable concentrates, oilin-water emulsions, mulsions, and ultra low volume formulations, and to a lesser extent, granular ations. Sometimes mixtures of solvents are used. The first main groups of solvents are aliphatic paraffinic oils such as kerosene or d paraffins. The second main group (and the most common) ses the aromatic solvents such as xylene and higher molecular weight fractions of C9 and C10 aromatic solvents. Chlorinated hydrocarbons are useful as cosolvents to prevent crystallization of pesticides when the formulation is wo 62980 emulsified into water. Alcohols are sometimes used as cosolvents to increase t power.

Other solvents may include vegetable oils, seed oils, and esters of vegetable and seed oils.

Thickeners or gelling agents are used mainly in the formulation of suspension concentrates, emulsions and suspoemulsions to modify the rheology or flow properties of the liquid and to t separation and settling of the dispersed particles or droplets. Thickening, gelling, and anti-settling agents lly fall into two categories, namely water-insoluble particulates and water-soluble polymers. It is possible to produce suspension trate formulations using clays and silicas. Examples of these types of materials, include, but are not limited to, montmorillonite, bentonite, magnesium aluminum silicate, and lgite. Water- soluble polysaccharides have been used as thickening-gelling agents for many years. The types of polysaccharides most commonly used are natural ts of seeds and seaweeds or are synthetic derivatives of cellulose. Examples of these types of materials include, but are not limited to, guar gum; locust bean gum; carrageenam; alginates; methyl cellulose; sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC); hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC). Other types of anti-settling agents are based on modified starches, polyacrylates, polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene oxide. Another good anti-settling agent is xanthan gum.

Microorganisms can cause ge of formulated products. Therefore preservation agents are used to eliminate or reduce their effect. Examples of such agents include, but are not limited to: propionic acid and its sodium salt; sorbic acid and its sodium or potassium salts; benzoic acid and its sodium salt; p-hydroxybenzoic acid sodium salt; methyl phydroxybenzoate ; and nzisothiazolinone (BIT).

The presence of surfactants often causes water-based formulations to foam during mixing operations in production and in application through a spray tank. In order to reduce the tendency to foam, oam agents are often added either during the production stage or before filling into bottles. lly, there are two types of anti-foam , namely silicones and licones. Silicones are usually aqueous emulsions of dimethyl polysiloxane, while the non-silicone anti-foam agents are water-insoluble oils, such as octanol and nonanol, or silica. In both cases, the function of the anti-foam agent is to displace the surfactant from the air-water interface. " agents (e.g., adjuvants, surfactants, ts) can reduce the overall environmental footprint of crop protection formulations. Green agents are biodegradable and generally derived from natural and/or sustainable sources, e.g. plant and animal sources. wo 2013/062980 ic examples are: vegetable oils, seed oils, and esters thereof, also alkoxylated alkyl polyglucosides.

For further information, see "Chemistry and logy of Agrochemical ations" edited by D.A. Knowles, copyright 1998 by Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Also see "Insecticides in Agriculture and Environment- Retrospects and Prospects" by A.S.

Perry, I. Yamamoto, I. Ishaaya, and R. Perry, copyright 1998 by Springer-Verlag.

PESTS In general, the molecules of Formula One may be used to control pests e.g. beetles, earwigs, cockroaches, flies. aphids, scales, whiteflies, leafhoppers, ants, wasps, termites, moths, butterflies, lice, oppers, locusts, crickets, fleas, thrips, bristletails, mites, ticks, nematodes, and symphylans.

In another embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used to control pests in the Phyla Nematoda and/or Arthropoda.

In another embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used to control pests in the Subphyla Chelicerata, Myriapoda, and/or Hexapoda.

In another embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used to control pests in the Classes of Arachnida, Symphyla, and/or Insecta.

In another embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used to control pests of the Order Anoplura. A non-exhaustive list of particular genera includes, but is not limited to, Haematopinus spp., Hoplopleura spp., Linognathus spp., Pediculus spp., and Polyp/ax spp. A haustive list of particular species includes, but is not limited to, Haematopinus asini, Haematopinus suis, athus setosus, Linognathus s, Pediculus humanus capitis, lus humanus humanus, and Pthirus pubis.

In another embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used to control pests in the Order Coleoptera. A haustive list of particular genera es, but is not limited to, Acanthoscelides spp., Agriotes spp., Anthonomus spp., Apion spp., Apogonia spp., Aulacophora spp., s spp., Cerosterna spp., Cerotoma spp., Ceutorhynchus spp., Chaetocnema spp., Colaspis spp., Ctenicera spp., Curculio spp., Cyclocephala spp., Diabrotica spp., Hypera spp., Ips spp., Lyctus spp., Megascelis spp., Meligethes spp., Otiorhynchus spp., Pantomorus spp., Phyllophaga spp., Phyllotreta spp., Rhizotrogus spp., ites spp., Rhynchophorus spp., Scolytus spp., Sphenophorus spp., Sitophilus spp., and Tribolium spp. A non-exhaustive list of particular species es, but is not limited to, wo 62980 Acanthoscelides obtectus, Agrilus planipennis, Anoplophora glabripennis, Anthonomus grandis, Ataenius spretulus, Atomaria linearis, Bothynoderes punctiventris, Bruchus pisorum, Callosobruchus maculatus, Carpophilus hemipterus, Cassida vittata, Cerotoma trifurcata, Ceutorhynchus assimilis, Ceutorhynchus napi, rus scalaris, Conoderus stigmosus, Conotrachelus nenuphar, Cotinis nitida, Crioceris asparagi, Cryptolestes ferrugineus, Cryptolestes pusillus, Cryptolestes turcicus, Cylindrocopturus adspersus, Deporaus marginatus, tes ius, Dermestes maculatus, Epilachna varivestis, Faustinus cubae, Hylobius pales, Hypera postica, Hypothenemus , Lasioderma serricorne, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Liogenys fuscus, Liogenys lis, hoptrus oryzophilus, Maecolaspis joliveti, Melanotus is, Meligethes , Melolontha melolontha, Oberea brevis, Oberea linearis, Oryctes eros, Oryzaephilus mercator, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Oulema melanopus, Oulema oryzae, Phyllophaga cuyabana, ia japonica, Prostephanus truncatus, Rhyzopertha dominica, Sitona lineatus, Sitophilus granarius, Sitophilus oryzae, Sitophilus zeamais, Stegobium paniceum, Tribolium castaneum, Tribolium confusum, Trogoderma variabile, and Zabrus ioides.

In another embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used to control pests of the Order Dermaptera.

In another embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used to l pests of the Order Blattaria. A haustive list of particular species includes, but is not limited to, lla germanica, Blatta orienta/is, Parcoblatta pennsylvanica, Periplaneta americana, Periplaneta australasiae, Periplaneta brunnea, Periplaneta nosa, Pycnoscelus mensis, and Supella longipalpa.

In another embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used to control pests of the Order Diptera. A non-exhaustive list of particular genera includes, but is not limited to, Aedes spp., Agromyza spp., Anastrepha spp., les spp., Bactrocera spp., Ceratitis spp., Chrysops spp., Cochliomyia spp., Contarinia spp., Culex spp., Dasineura spp., Delia spp., Drosophila spp., Fannia spp., Hylemyia spp., Liriomyza spp., Musca spp., Phorbia spp., Tabanus spp., and Tipula spp. A haustive list of particular species includes, but is not limited to, Agromyzafrontella, Anastrepha suspensa, Anastrepha ludens, Anastrepha obliqa, Bactrocera cucurbitae, Bactrocera dorsalis, Bactrocera invadens, Bactrocera zonata, Ceratitis capitata, Dasineura brassicae, Delia platura, Fannia canicularis, Fannia is, Gasterophilus intestinalis, Gracillia perseae, Haematobia ns, Hypoderma lineatum, Liriomyza brassicae, Melophagus ovinus, Musca autumnalis, Musca domestica, Oestrus ovis, wo 2013/062980 Oscinellafrit, Pegomya betae, Psila rosae, Rhagoletis cerasi, etis pomonella, Rhagoletis mendax, Sitodiplosis mosellana, and Stomoxys calcitrans.

In another embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used to control pests of the Order Hemiptera. A non-exhaustive list of particular genera includes, but is not limited to, Adelges spp., Aulacaspis spp., Aphrophora spp., Aphis spp., Bemisia spp., Ceroplastes spp., Chionaspis spp., Chrysomphalus spp., Coccus spp., ca spp., Lepidosaphes spp., Lagynotomus spp., Lygus spp., iphum spp., ettix spp., Nezara spp., Philaenus spp., Phytocoris spp., Piezodorus spp., Planococcus spp., Pseudococcus spp., Rhopalosiphum spp., Saissetia spp., Therioaphis spp., Toumeyella spp., Toxoptera spp., Trialeurodes spp., Triatoma spp. and Unaspis spp. A non-exhaustive list of particular species es, but is not limited to, Acrosternum hilare, Acyrthosiphon pisum, Aleyrodes proletella, Aleurodicus dispersus, Aleurothrixus floccosus, Amrasca biguttula biguttula, Aonidiella aurantii, Aphis gossypii, Aphis glycines, Aphis pomi, Aulacorthum solani, a ifolii, Bemisia tabaci, Blissus leucopterus, Brachycorynella asparagi, nia rehi, Brevicoryne brassicae, Calocoris norvegicus, Ceroplastes , Cimex hemipterus, Cimex lectularius, Dagbertusfasciatus, Dichelopsfurcatus, Diuraphis noxia, Diaphorina citri, Dysaphis plantaginea, Dysdercus suturellus, Edessa meditabunda, Eriosoma lanigerum, Eurygaster maura, Euschistus heros, Euschistus servus, Helopeltis antonii, Helopeltis ra, Icerya purchasi, Idioscopus nitidulus, Laodelphax striatellus, Leptocorisa ius, Leptocorisa varicornis, Lygus hesperus, Maconellicoccus hirsutus, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Macrosiphum granarium, Macrosiphum rosae, teles quadrilineatus, Mahanarva olata, Metopolophium dirhodum, Mictis longicornis, Myzus persicae, Nephotettix cinctipes, Neurocolpus ostris, Nezara la, Nilaparvata lugens, Parlatoria pergandii, Parlatoria ziziphi, Peregrinus maidis, Phylloxera vitifoliae, Physokermes piceae, Phytocoris californicus, Phytocoris relativus, Piezodorus guildinii, Poecilocapsus lineatus, Psallus vaccinicola, Pseudacysta perseae, Pseudococcus es, Quadraspidiotus perniciosus, Rhopalosiphum maidis, Rhopalosiphum padi, Saissetia oleae, Scaptocoris castanea, Schizaphis graminum, on avenae, Sogatellafurcifera, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Trialeurodes abutiloneus, Unaspis yanonensis, and Zulia entrerriana.

In another embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used to l pests of the Order Hymenoptera. A non-exhaustive list of particular genera includes, but is not limited to, Acromyrmex spp., Atta spp., Camponotus spp., Diprion spp., Formica spp., Monomorium spp., Neodiprion spp., Pogonomyrmex spp., Polistes spp., Solenopsis spp., wo 2013/062980 Vespula spp., and Xylocopa spp. A non-exhaustive list of particular species includes, but is not d to, Athalia rosae, Atta texana, Iridomyrmex humilis, Monomorium minimum, rium pharaonis, Solenopsis invicta, Solenopsis ta, Solenopsis molesta, Solenopsis richtery, Solenopsis xyloni, and Tapinoma sessile.

In another ment, the molecules of Formula One may be used to control pests of the Order Isoptera. A non-exhaustive list of particular genera includes, but is not limited to, Coptotermes spp., Cornitermes spp., Cryptotermes spp., Heterotermes spp., Kalotermes spp., Incisitermes spp., Macrotermes spp., Marginitermes spp., Microcerotermes spp., Procornitermes spp., Reticulitermes spp., Schedorhinotermes spp., and Zootermopsis spp. A non-exhaustive list of particular species includes, but is not d to, Coptotermes curvignathus, Coptotermes frenchi, Coptotermes formosanus, Heterotermes aureus, Microtermes obesi, Reticulitermes banyulensis, Reticulitermes i, Reticulitermes flavipes, Reticulitermes hageni, Reticulitermes hesperus, litermes santonensis, Reticulitermes speratus, Reticulitermes tibialis, and Reticulitermes virginicus.

In another embodiment, the les of Formula One may be used to control pests of the Order Lepidoptera. A non-exhaustive list of particular genera includes, but is not limited to, Adoxophyes spp., s spp., Argyrotaenia spp., Cacoecia spp., Caloptilia spp., Chilo spp., Chrysodeixis spp., Colias spp., Crambus spp., Diaphania spp., Diatraea spp., Earias spp., Ephestia spp., Epimecis spp., Feltia spp., Gortyna spp., Helicoverpa spp., Heliothis spp., Indarbela spp., Lithocolletis spp., Loxagrotis spp., Malacosoma spp., Peridroma spp., Phyllonorycter spp., Pseudaletia spp., Sesamia spp., Spodoptera spp., Synanthedon spp., and Yponomeuta spp. A non-exhaustive list of particular species includes, but is not limited to, Achaea janata, Adoxophyes orana, Agrotis ipsilon, Alabama argillacea, Amorbia a, Amyelois transitella, Anacamptodes defectaria, Anarsia ella, Anomis sabulifera, Anticarsia alis, s argyrospila, Archips , Argyrotaenia citrana, apha gamma, Bonagota des, Barbo cinnara, Bucculatrix thurberiella, Capua reticulana, Carposina niponensis, Chlumetia transversa, Choristoneura rosaceana, Cnaphalocrocis medina/is, Conopomorpha cramerella, Cossus cossus, Cydia caryana, Cydia funebrana, Cydia molesta, Cydia nigricana, Cydia pomonella, Darna diducta, Diatraea saccharalis, Diatraea grandiosella, Earias na, Earias vittella, Ecdytolopha aurantianum, Elasmopalpus lignosellus, Ephestia la, Ephestia elutella, Ephestia kuehniella, Epinotia aporema, Epiphyas postvittana, Erionota thrax, Eupoecilia ambiguella, Euxoa auxiliaris, Grapholita molesta, Hedylepta indicata, Helicoverpa armigera, wo 62980 2012/061507 Helicoverpa zea, Heliothis virescens, Hellula undalis, Keiferia lycopersicella, odes orbonalis, Leucoptera coffeella, tera malifoliella, Lobesia botrana, Loxagrotis albicosta, Lymantria dispar, Lyonetia clerkella, Mahasena corbetti, Mamestra brassicae, Maruca testulalis, Metisa plana, Mythimna unipuncta, Neoleucinodes elegantalis, Nymphula depunctalis, Operophtera brumata, Ostrinia nubilalis, Oxydia vesulia, Pandemis cerasana, Pandemis na, Papilio demodocus, Pectinophora gossypiella, Peridroma saucia, Perileucoptera coffeella, Phthorimaea operculella, Phyllocnistis citrella, Pieris rapae, Plathypena scabra, Plodia interpunctella, Plutella xylostella, Polychrosis viteana, Prays rpa, Prays oleae, Pseudaletia unipuncta, plusia includens, Rachiplusia nu, Scirpophaga incertulas, Sesamia inferens, Sesamia nonagrioides, Setora nitens, Sitotroga cerealella, Sparganothis pilleriana, Spodoptera exigua, Spodopterafrugiperda, Spodoptera eridania, Thecla basi/ides, Tineola bisselliella, Trichoplusia ni, Tuta absoluta, Zeuzera coffeae, and Zeuzera pyrina.

In r embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used to l pests of the Order Mallophaga. A non-exhaustive list of particular genera includes, but is not d to, Anaticola spp., Bovicola spp., Chelopistes spp., Goniodes spp., Menacanthus spp., and Trichodectes spp. A non-exhaustive list of particular species includes, but is not limited to, Bovicola bovis, Bovicola caprae, Bovicola ovis, istes meleagridis, Goniodes dissimilis, es gigas, Menacanthus stramineus, Menopon gallinae, and Trichodectes canis.

In another embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used to control pests of the Order Orthoptera. A haustive list of particular genera includes, but is not limited to, Melanoplus spp., and Pterophylla spp. A non-exhaustive list of particular species includes, but is not limited to, Anabrus simplex, Gryllotalpa africana, Gryllotalpa australis, Gryllotalpa ptera, Gryllotalpa hexadactyla, Locusta migratoria, Microcentrum retinerve, Schistocerca gregaria, and Scudderiafurcata.

In another embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used to control pests of the Order Siphonaptera. A non-exhaustive list of particular species includes, but is not limited to, Ceratophyllus ae, Ceratophyllus niger, ephalides canis, Ctenocephalidesfelis, and Pulex irritans.

In another embodiment, the molecules of a One may be used to l pests of the Order Thysanoptera. A non-exhaustive list of particular genera includes, but is not limited to, Caliothrips spp., Frankliniella spp., Scirtothrips spp., and Thrips spp. A non- wo 2013/062980 exhaustive list of ular sp. includes, but is not limited to, Frankliniella fusca, Frankliniella occidentalis, Frankliniella schultzei, Frankliniella williamsi, Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis, Rhipiphorothrips cruentatus, Scirtothrips citri, Scirtothrips dorsalis, and thrips rhopalantennalis, Thrips hawaiiensis, Thrips nigropilosus, Thrips orienta/is, Thrips tabaci.

In another embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used to control pests of the Order Thysanura. A non-exhaustive list of particular genera includes, but is not limited to, Lepisma spp. and Thermobia spp.

In another embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used to control pests of the Order a. A haustive list of particular genera includes, but is not limited to, Acarus spp., Aculops spp., Boophilus spp., Demodex spp., entor spp., Epitrimerus spp., Eriophyes spp., Ixodes spp., Oligonychus spp., Panonychus spp., Rhizoglyphus spp., and ychus spp. A non-exhaustive list of ular species includes, but is not limited to, is woodi, Acarus siro, Aceria mangiferae, Aculops lycopersici, Aculus pelekassi, Aculus schlechtendali, Amblyomma anum, alpus obovatus, alpus phoenicis, Dermacentor variabilis, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Eotetranychus carpini, Notoedres cati, ychus coffeae, Oligonychus ilicis, Panonychus citri, Panonychus ulmi, Phyllocoptruta oleivora, Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Sarcoptes scabiei, Tegolophus perseaflorae, Tetranychus e, and Varroa destructor.

In another embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used to control pest of the Order Symphyla. A non-exhaustive list of particular sp. includes, but is not limited to, Scutigerella immaculata.

In another embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used to control pests of the Phylum Nematoda. A non-exhaustive list of particular genera includes, but is not limited to, Aphelenchoides spp., Belonolaimus spp., Criconemella spp., Ditylenchus spp., Heterodera spp., Hirschmanniella spp., Hoplolaimus spp., Meloidogyne spp., enchus spp., and Radopholus spp. A non-exhaustive list of particular sp. includes, but is not limited to, Dirofilaria immitis, Heterodera zeae, Meloidogyne incognita, ogyne javanica, Onchocerca volvulus, Radopholus similis, and Rotylenchulus reniformis.

For additional information consult "HANDBOOK OF PEST CONTROL- THE BEHAVIOR, LIFE Y, AND CONTROL OF HOUSEHOLD PESTS" by Arnold Mallis, 9th Edition, copyright 2004 by GIE Media Inc. wo 2013/062980 APPLICATIONS Molecules of Formula One are generally used in amounts from about 0.01 grams per hectare to about 5000 grams per hectare to provide l. Amounts from about 0.1 grams per hectare to about 500 grams per e are generally preferred, and s from about 1 gram per e to about 50 grams per hectare are generally more preferred.

The area to which a molecule of Formula One is applied can be any area inhabited (or maybe inhabited, or traversed by) a pest, for example: where crops, trees, fruits, s, fodder s, vines, turf and ornamental plants, are growing; where domesticated animals are ng; the interior or exterior es of buildings (such as places where grains are stored), the materials of construction used in building (such as nated wood), and the soil around buildings. Particular crop areas to use a molecule of Formula One include areas where apples, corn, sunflowers, cotton, soybeans, canola, wheat, rice, sorghum, barley, oats, potatoes, oranges, alfalfa, lettuce, strawberries, tomatoes, peppers, crucifers, pears, tobacco, almonds, sugar beets, beans and other valuable crops are growing or the seeds thereof are going to be planted. It is also advantageous to use ammonium sulfate with a molecule of Formula One when growing various plants.

Controlling pests generally means that pest populations, pest activity, or both, are reduced in an area. This can come about when: pest populations are repulsed from an area; when pests are incapacitated in or around an area; or pests are exterminated, in whole, or in part, in or around an area. Of course, a combination of these s can occur. Generally, pest populations, activity, or both are desirably d more than fifty percent, preferably more than 90 percent. Generally, the area is not in or on a human; consequently, the locus is generally a non-human area.

The molecules of Formula One may be used in mixtures, applied simultaneously or sequentially, alone or with other compounds to enhance plant vigor (e.g. to grow a better root system, to better withstand stressful growing conditions). Such other compounds are, for example, compounds that modulate plant ethylene receptors, most notably 1- methylcyclopropene (also known as 1-MCP). Furthermore, such molecules may be used during times when pest activity is low, such as before the plants that are g begin to produce valuable agricultural commodities. Such times include the early planting season when pest pressure is usually low.

The molecules of Formula One can be applied to the foliar and fruiting portions of plants to l pests. The molecules will either come in direct contact with the pest, or the wo 2013/062980 pest will consume the pesticide when eating leaf, fruit mass, or extracting sap, that contains the pesticide. The molecules of Formula One can also be applied to the soil, and when applied in this manner, root and stem feeding pests can be controlled. The roots can absorb a molecule taking it up into the foliar portions of the plant to control above ground chewing and sap feeding pests.

Generally, with baits, the baits are placed in the ground where, for e, termites can come into contact with, and/or be attracted to, the bait. Baits can also be applied to a surface of a building, (horizontal, vertical, or slant surface) where, for example, ants, termites, cockroaches, and flies, can come into contact with, and/or be attracted to, the bait. Baits can comprise a molecule of Formula One.

The molecules of Formula One can be encapsulated inside, or placed on the surface of a capsule. The size of the capsules can range from nanometer size (about 100-900 nanometers in diameter) to eter size (about 10-900 microns in diameter). e of the unique ability of the eggs of some pests to resist certain pesticides, repeated applications of the molecules of a One may be desirable to control newly d larvae.

Systemic nt of pesticides in plants may be utilized to control pests on one portion of the plant by applying (for example by spraying an area) the molecules of Formula One to a different portion of the plant. For example, control of foliar-feeding insects can be achieved by drip irrigation or furrow application, by treating the soil with for example pre- or post-planting soil drench, or by treating the seeds of a plant before planting.

Seed treatment can be applied to all types of seeds, including those from which plants genetically modified to express lized traits will germinate. Representative examples include those expressing proteins toxic to ebrate pests, such as Bacillus thuringiensis or other insecticidal toxins, those expressing herbicide resistance, such as "Roundup Ready" seed, or those with "stacked" foreign genes expressing insecticidal , ide resistance, nutrition-enhancement, drought resistance, or any other beneficial traits.

Furthermore, such seed treatments with the molecules of Formula One may further enhance the ability of a plant to better and stressful growing conditions. This results in a ier, more vigorous plant, which can lead to higher yields at harvest time. Generally, about 1 gram of the molecules of Formula One to about 500 grams per 100,000 seeds is expected to provide good ts, amounts from about 10 grams to about 100 grams per wo 2013/062980 100,000 seeds is expected to provide better benefits, and amounts from about 25 grams to about 75 grams per 100,000 seeds is expected to provide even better benefits.

It should be readily apparent that the molecules of Formula One may be used on, in, or around plants cally modified to express specialized traits, such as Bacillus thuringiensis or other insecticidal toxins, or those expressing herbicide resistance, or those with "stacked" foreign genes expressing insecticidal toxins, herbicide resistance, nutrition-enhancement, or any other beneficial traits.

The molecules of Formula One may be used for controlling endoparasites and rasites in the nary medicine sector or in the field of non-human animal g.

The molecules of a One are applied, such as by oral administration in the form of, for example, tablets, capsules, drinks, granules, by dermal application in the form of, for example, dipping, spraying, pouring on, spotting on, and dusting, and by parenteral administration in the form of, for example, an injection.

The les of Formula One may also be employed advantageously in livestock keeping, for e, cattle, sheep, pigs, chickens, and geese. They may also be employed advantageously in pets such as, horses, dogs, and cats. Particular pests to control would be fleas and ticks that are bothersome to such animals. Suitable formulations are stered orally to the animals with the drinking water or feed. The s and ations that are suitable depend on the species.

The molecules of Formula One may also be used for controlling parasitic worms, especially of the intestine, in the animals listed above.

The les of Formula One may also be employed in therapeutic methods for human health care. Such methods include, but are limited to, oral administration in the form of, for e, tablets, capsules, drinks, granules, and by dermal application.

Pests around the world have been migrating to new environments (for such pest) and thereafter becoming a new invasive species in such new environment. The molecules of Formula One may also be used on such new invasive species to control them in such new environment.

The molecules of Formula One may also be used in an area where plants, such as crops, are g (e.g. pre-planting, planting, pre-harvesting) and where there are low levels (even no actual presence) of pests that can commercially damage such plants. The use of such molecules in such area is to benefit the plants being grown in the area. Such ts, may include, but are not limited to, improving the health of a plant, improving the yield of a plant wo 2013/062980 (e.g. increased biomass and/or increased content of valuable ingredients), improving the vigor of a plant (e.g. improved plant growth and/or greener leaves), improving the y of a plant (e.g. improved content or composition of certain ingredients), and improving the tolerance to abiotic and/or biotic stress of the plant.

Before a pesticide can be used or sold commercially, such pesticide undergoes lengthy evaluation processes by various governmental ities , regional, state, national, and international). Voluminous data requirements are specified by regulatory authorities and must be addressed through data tion and submission by the product registrant or by a third party on the product registrant's behalf, often using a computer with a connection to the World Wide Web. These governmental authorities then review such data and if a determination of safety is concluded, provide the potential user or seller with product registration approval. fter, in that ty where the product registration is granted and ted, such user or seller may use or sell such pesticide.

A le according to Formula One can be tested to determine its efficacy against pests. Furthermore, mode of action studies can be conducted to determine if said le has a different mode of action than other pesticides. Thereafter, such acquired data can be disseminated, such as by the internet, to third parties.

The headings in this document are for convenience only and must not be used to interpret any portion hereof. wo 2013/062980 TABLE SECTION Table 1. Compound Number and Structure nd No. Appearance Structure N~CH3NCH, ~N-N\ CH 3 1 CH3 H1 C ~CH;y\ ~N-N\ '"' 2 CH 3 CH 3 o N~ ~0 CH 3 d~-fN\ '/-CH 3 3 Orange Oil CW;ce d1'-NN~CH3}--o CH, 4 H,o 'j--- N CH3 H 3 c CH30 N::::( ~CH 3 ~N-N~ Semi-solid wo 2013/062980 2012/061507 Structure Yellow Oil Yellow Oil yellow Solid Yellow Oil Yellow Oil Yellow Oil wo 2013/062980 2012/061507 Structure Yellow Oil /H,o N~ ~ /H1 yellow Solid tJ~N-N/H--r--.CH) ,c 3 N H 3 C yellow Solid Yellow Oil Yellow Oil Yellow Oil wo 2013/062980 Compound No. ance Structure d.,_CH CH; 5/ ~N-N 18 Yellow Oil ) H 1 C Nd...CH; ~--/--./H; ~N-N 19 Yellow Oil ) N~CH3)-(H3 Yellow Oil ~Jen, CH CH3 Nd,_ 30~s/ 21 Yellow Oil ~J N~CH;okCH; F~N-,'cH, CH 3 22 Yellow Oil CH30 /H3 N~ ~s F~N-N\ 23 Yellow Oil CH 3 wo 2013/062980 2012/061507 Compound No. Appearance Structure N~CH3)--.(H 3 F~N-,) CH3 24 Yellow Oil H3C CH CH; -===<, 3 o s/ N )---/ ~N-N White Oil F ) H 3 C N~CH, '---(H' 26 Yellow Oil 'if)CH, CH CH3 N-===<, 3 o)-/s/ . 27 White Oil 'ifJ CH CH; uL"-'?-C~ 30 8/ 28 Yellow Oil CH 3 CH CH3 ~ 30 8/ ~N-N) CH; 29 Yellow Oil H 3C wo 2013/062980 Compound No. Appearance ure N~CH-K' 3 CH; ~N-N Yellow Oil ) \H; Nd..CH )-CH ~N-N 31 Yellow Oil ) H 3C N~CHK3 3C CH; ~,_, s 32 Yellow Oil N j 'cH3 CH30 N~ ~CH3 33 White Oil ~d d,CH /H3 s F~N-N\ CH 3 34 White Oil CH 3 Nd,CHK3 ;C CH3 F~N-N I "-':: \ S\ Yellow Oil h CH ~ CH ~ wo 2013/062980 ::p:o:u:n~dN:o:.-r~~--------~-------------------- Appearance Structure 36 Yellow Oil 37 White Oil 38 Yellow Oil 39 Brown Solid 40 Yellow Oil 41 Yellow Oil wo 2013/062980 Compound No. Appearance Structure ) 0 / N )-J--s 42 Yellow Oil ~) N) )_dX:~ 43 Orange Oil ~) Table 2. ical Data Compound MP" IRb Mass 1HNMR 13CNMR 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCb) o 8.94 (s, 1H), 8.50 13C NMR (101 (d, J = 3.8 Hz, 1H), MHz, CDCb) o 8.07 (dt, J = 7.9, 1.9 171.76, 148.51, Hz, 1H), 7.36 (s, 146.53, 146.18, ESIMS 1H), 7.31 (dd, J = 137.00, 132.07, 42 mlz 315 7.6, 4.6 Hz, 1H), 123.59, 115.25, ([M+Ht) 4.75- 4.66 (m, 1H), 76.09, 74.72, 4.55 - 4.45 (m, 1H), 38.76, 31.89, 2.77 (t, J = 6.8 Hz, 28.87, 28.06, 2H), 2.44 (s, 3H), .96, 12.31. 2.37 (s, 1H), 2.34 (br s, 2H), 2.04 (s, 3H). wo 2013/062980 Compound M¥' IRb Mass 1HNMR 13CNMR 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCb) o 13C NMR (101 8.93 (s, 1H), 8.46 MHz, CDCb) o (s, 1H), 8.06 (dt, J = 159.88, 152.57, 7.9, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 147.96, 146.54, ESIMS 7.33 (s, 1H), 7.31- 146.48, 135.68, 43 m/z 313 7.26 (m, 1H), 4.62- 132.00, 129.75, ([M+Ht) 4.46 (m, 1H), 4.46 - 123.51, 123.48, 4.27 (m, 1H), 2.38 114.96, 83.90, (s, 3H), 2.37-2.36 74.38, 27.99, (m, 1H), 1.45 (s, 12.17. 9H). a (°C) b (Thin Film; cm-1) Table 3: MYZUPE and BEMITA Rating Table %Control Rating (or ity) 80-100 A More than 0 - Less than 80 B Not Tested c No activity noticed in this ay D Table 4. Biological Data for MYZUPE and BEMITA MYZUPE BEMITA Compound No.

% Ctrl @ 200 ppm % Ctrl @ 200 ppm 42 B A 43 c c 1001001516 As used herein, the term "comprise" and variations of the term, such as "comprising", "comprises" and "comprised", are not intended to e other additives, components, integers or steps.

Reference to any prior art in the specification is not, and should not be taken as, an ledgment or any form of suggestion that this prior art forms part of the common general knowledge in New Zealand or any other jurisdiction. wo 62980 WE

Claims (1)

CLAIM

1. A composition comprising a molecule according to Formula One: Formula One wherein (a) X is N or CR8; (b) Rl isH, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, N02, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, substituted or tituted C2-C6 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkoxy, 10 substituted or unsubstituted C2-C6 alkenyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl, substituted or tituted C6-C20 aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 cyclyl, OR9, C(=Xl)R9, C(=Xl)OR9, C(=Xl)N(R9h, N(R9h, N(R9)C(=Xl)R9, SR9, S(O)n0R9, or R9S(O)nR9, wherein each said Rl, which is substituted, has one or more substituents 15 selected from F, Cl, Br, I, CN, N02, C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C2-C6 haloalkenyl, C1-C6 haloalkyloxy, C2-C6 haloalkenyloxy, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C3-C10 cycloalkenyl, C3-C10 halocycloalkyl, C3-C10 halocycloalkenyl, OR9, S(O)n0R9, C6-C2o aryl, or C1-C20 heterocyclyl, (each of which that can be substituted, may optionally be substituted with R9); (c) R2 isH, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, N02, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C6 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C6 alkenyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl, substituted or tituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl, substituted or tituted C6-C20 aryl, 25 substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 cyclyl, OR9, C(=Xl)R9, C(=Xl)OR9, C(=Xl)N(R9)2, N(R9h, N(R9)C(=Xl)R9, SR9, R9, or R9S(O)nR9, wo 62980 wherein each said R2, which is substituted, has one or more substituents selected from F, Cl, Br, I, CN, N02, C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C2-C6 haloalkenyl, C1-C6 haloalkyloxy, C2-C6 kenyloxy, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C3-C10 cycloalkenyl, C3-C10 halocycloalkyl, C3-C10 halocycloalkenyl, OR9, S(O)n0R9, C6-C2o aryl, 5 or C1-C20 cyclyl, (each of which that can be substituted, may optionally be substituted with R9); (d) R3 isH, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, N02, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C6 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkoxy, 10 substituted or unsubstituted C2-C6 alkenyloxy, substituted or tituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C20 aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 heterocyclyl, OR9, R9, C(=Xl)OR9, C(=Xl)N(R9)2, N(R9h, N(R9)C(=Xl)R9, SR9, S(O)n0R9, or nR9, wherein each said R3, which is substituted, has one or more tuents 15 selected from F, Cl, Br, I, CN, N02, C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C2-C6 haloalkenyl, C1-C6 haloalkyloxy, C2-C6 haloalkenyloxy, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C3-C10 cycloalkenyl, C3-C10 halocycloalkyl, C3-C10 halocycloalkenyl, OR9, S(O)n0R9, C6-C2o aryl, or C1-C20 heterocyclyl, (each of which that can be substituted, may optionally be tuted with R9); (e) R4 isH, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, N02, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C6 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C6 alkenyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C20 aryl, 25 substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 heterocyclyl, OR9, C(=Xl)R9, C(=Xl)OR9, C(=Xl)N(R9)2, N(R9h, N(R9)C(=Xl)R9, SR9, S(O)n0R9, or R9S(O)nR9, wherein each said R4, which is tuted, has one or more substituents selected from F, Cl, Br, I, CN, N02, C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C2-C6 haloalkenyl, C1-C6 haloalkyloxy, C2-C6 haloalkenyloxy, C3-C10 lkyl, C3-C10 30 cycloalkenyl, C3-C10 halocycloalkyl, C3-C10 halocycloalkenyl, OR9, S(O)n0R9, C6-C2o aryl, or C1-C20 heterocyclyl, (each of which that can be substituted, may optionally be substituted with R9); (f) R5 is Rll; wo