NZ622087B2 - Binding molecules for bcma and cd3 - Google Patents

Binding molecules for bcma and cd3 Download PDF

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Publication number
NZ622087B2
NZ622087B2 NZ622087A NZ62208712A NZ622087B2 NZ 622087 B2 NZ622087 B2 NZ 622087B2 NZ 622087 A NZ622087 A NZ 622087A NZ 62208712 A NZ62208712 A NZ 62208712A NZ 622087 B2 NZ622087 B2 NZ 622087B2
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New Zealand
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seq
depicted
cdr
region
bcma
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NZ622087A
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NZ622087A (en
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Paul Adam
Eric Borges
Barbara Hebeis
Susanne Hipp
Patrick Hoffmann
Roman Kischel
Peter Kufer
Ralf Lutterbuese
Doris Rau
Tobias Raum
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Amgen Inc
Amgen Research (Munich) Gmbh
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Priority claimed from PCT/EP2012/072699 external-priority patent/WO2013072406A1/en
Publication of NZ622087A publication Critical patent/NZ622087A/en
Publication of NZ622087B2 publication Critical patent/NZ622087B2/en

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61K39/00Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/57Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by the type of response, e.g. Th1, Th2
    • A61K2039/575Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by the type of response, e.g. Th1, Th2 humoral response
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/435Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • C07K14/705Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants
    • C07K14/70578NGF-receptor/TNF-receptor superfamily, e.g. CD27, CD30, CD40, CD95
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    • C07K16/00Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
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    • C07K16/28Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
    • C07K16/2803Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily
    • C07K16/2809Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily against the T-cell receptor (TcR)-CD3 complex
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    • C07K16/28Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
    • C07K16/2875Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the NGF/TNF superfamily, e.g. CD70, CD95L, CD153, CD154
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    • C07K16/28Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
    • C07K16/2878Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the NGF-receptor/TNF-receptor superfamily, e.g. CD27, CD30, CD40, CD95
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    • C07K2317/31Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by aspects of specificity or valency multispecific
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    • C07K2317/00Immunoglobulins specific features
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    • C07K2317/56Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments variable (Fv) region, i.e. VH and/or VL
    • C07K2317/565Complementarity determining region [CDR]
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    • C07K2317/60Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by non-natural combinations of immunoglobulin fragments
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    • C07K2319/43Fusion polypeptide containing a tag for immunodetection, or an epitope for immunisation containing a FLAG-tag

Abstract

Disclosed is a binding molecule which is at least bispecific comprising a first and a second binding domain, wherein: (a) the first binding domain binds to epitope cluster 3 of BCMA (CQLRCSSNTPPLTCQRYC); and (b) the second binding domain binds to the T cell CD3 receptor complex; and wherein epitope cluster 3 of BCMA corresponds to amino acid residues 24 to 41 of the sequence as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 1002. itope cluster 3 of BCMA corresponds to amino acid residues 24 to 41 of the sequence as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 1002.

Description

Binding molecules for BCMA and CD3 The present invention relates to a binding molecule which is at least bispecific comprising a first and a second binding , n the first binding domain is capable of binding to epitope cluster3 of BCMA, and the second binding domain is capable of binding to the Tcell CD3 receptor x. Moreover, the invention provides a nucleic acid sequence ng the binding molecule, a vector sing said c acid sequence and a host cell transformed or transfected with said . Furthermore, the invention provides a process for the production of the binding molecule of the invention, a medical use of said binding molecule and a kit comprising said binding le.
BCMA (B-cell maturation antigen, TNFRSF17, CD269) is a transmembrane protein belonging to the TNF receptor super family. BCMA is originally reported as an integral membrane protein in the Golgi apparatus of human mature B lymphocytes, i.e., as an intracellular protein (Gras et al., (1995) International Immunol 093-1105) showing that BCMA seems to have an important role during B-cell development and homeostasis. The finding of Gras et al. might be associated with the fact that the BCMA protein that was described in Gras et al. is, because of a chromosomal translocation, a fusion n between BCMA and lL-2. Meanwhile BCMA is, r, established to be a B-cell marker that is essential for B-cell development and homeostasis (Schliemann et al., (2001) Science 293 (5537):2111-2114) due to its presumably essential interaction with its ligands BAFF (B cell activating factor), also designated as TALL-1 or TNFSF13B, and APRIL (A proliferation-inducing ligand).
BCMA expression is restricted to the B-cell lineage and mainly present on plasma cells and plasmablasts and to some extent on memory B-cells, but lly absent on peripheral and 3O naive B-cells. BCMA is also sed on multiple myeloma (MM) cells. Together with its family members transmembrane activator and cyclophylin ligand interactor (TACI) and B cell activation factor of TNF family receptor (BAFF-R), BCMA regulates different aspects of humoral immunity, B-cell development and tasis. Expression of BCMA appears rather late in B-cell differentiation and contributes to the long term survival of plasmablasts and plasma cells in the bone marrow. Targeted deletion of the BCMA gene in mice does not affect the generation of mature B-cells, the quality and magnitude of humoral immune responses, formation of germinal center and the generation of short-lived plasma cells. However, such mice have significantly d numbers of long-lived plasma cells in the bone marrow, indicating the importance of BCMA for their survival (O’Connor et al., 2004).
In line with this finding, BCMA also supports growth and survival of multiple myeloma (MM) cells. Novak et al found that MM cell lines and freshly isolated MM cells express BCMA and TACI protein on their cell surfaces and have variable expression of BAFF-R protein on their cell e (Novak et al., (2004) Blood 103(2):689—694).
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy and constitutes 2% of all cancer deaths. MM is a genous disease and caused by mostly by chromosome translocations inter alia t(11;14),t(4;14),t(8;14),del(13),del(17) (Drach et al., (1998) Blood 92(3):802-809; Gertz et al., (2005) Blood 106(8):2837-2840; Facon et al., (2001) Blood 97(6):1566-1571). MM-affected patients may experience a variety of disease-related symptoms due to, bone marrow infiltration, bone destruction, renal failure, immunodeficiency, and the psychosocial burden of a cancer diagnosis. As of 2006, the 5-year relative survival rate for MM was approximately 34% highlighting that MM is a difficult-to-treat disease where there are currently no curative options.
Exciting new therapies such as chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation approaches are becoming available and have improved al rates but often bring unwanted side effects, and thus MM remains still incurable (Lee et al., (2004) J Natl Compr Canc Netw 8 (4): 379-383). To date, the two most ntly used treatment options for patients with multiple myeloma are ations of steroids, thalidomide, lenalidomide, bortezomib or various cytotoxic agents, and for younger patients high dose chemotherapy concepts with autologous stem cell transplantation.
Most lants are of the gous type, i.e. using the patient’s own cells. Such transplants, although not curative, have been shown to prolong life in selected ts. They can be performed as initial therapy in newly diagnosed patients or at the time of relapse. Sometimes, in ed patients, more than one lant may be recommended to adequately l the disease.
Chemotherapeutic agents used for treating the disease are Cyclophosphamid, Doxorubicin, Vincristin and Melphalan, combination ies with immunomodulating agents such as thalidomide mid®), lenalidomide (Revlimid®), bortezomib (Velcade®) and corticosteroids (e.g. Dexamethasone) have emerged as important options for the treatment of myeloma, both in newly diagnosed patients and in patients with advanced disease in whom chemotherapy or transplantation have .
The currently used therapies are usually not curative. Stem cell transplantation may not be an option for many patients e of advanced age, presence of other serious illness, or other al limitations. Chemotherapy only partially controls multiple myeloma, it rarely leads to complete remission. Thus, there is an urgent need for new, innovative treatments. ci et al. (Blood, 2005; 105(10) identified pecific antibodies in le myeloma patients after they had ed donor lymphocyte ons (DLI). Serum of these patients was capable of mediating BCMA-specific cell lysis by ADCC and CDC and was solely detected in patients with anti-tumor responses (4/9), but not in non-responding patients (0/6). The authors speculate that induction of BCMA-specific antibodies contributes to elimination of myeloma cells and long-term remission of patients.
Ryan et al. (Mol. Cancer Ther. 2007; 6(11) reported the generation of an antagonistic BCMA- specific antibody that prevents NF-KB activation which is associated with a potent pro-survival signaling pathway in normal and malignant s. In addition, the antibody conferred potent antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) to multiple myeloma cell lines in vitro which was significantly enhanced by Fc-engineering.
Other approaches in fighting blood-borne tumors or autoimmune disorders focus on the interaction between BAFF and APRIL, i.e., ligands of the TNF ligand super family, and their receptors TACI, BAFF-R and BCMA which are activated by BAFF and/or APRIL. For example, by fusing the Fc-domain of human immunoglobulin to TACI, Zymogenetics, Inc. has generated Atacicept (TACI-lg) to neutralize both these ligands and prevent receptor activation. Atacicept is currently in clinical trials for the treatment of Systemic Lupus matosus (SLE, phase III), multiple sclerosis (MS, phase II) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA, phase II), as well as in phase I clinical trials for the treatment of the B-cell malignancies chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), non-Hodgkins lymphoma (NHL) and MM. ln preclinical s atacicept reduces growth and survival of primary MM cells and MM cell lines in vitro (Moreaux et al, Blood, 2004, 103) and in vivo by et al, Leukemia, 2008, 22, ), demonstrating the relevance of TACI ligands for MM cells. Since most MM cells and derived cell lines express BCMA and TACI, both receptors might contribute to ligand-mediated growth and survival. These data suggest that antagonizing both BCMA and TACI might be beneficial in the treatment of plasma cell disorders.
In addition, BCMA-specific antibodies that cross react with TACI have been described (WO 02/066516).
Human Genome Sciences and GlaxoSmithKline have developed an dy targeting BAFF which is called Belimumab. Belimumab blocks the binding of soluble BAFF to its receptors BAFF-R, BCMA and TACI on B cells. Belimumab does not bind B cells directly, but by binding BAFF, belimumab inhibits the survival of B cells, including autoreactive B cells, and reduces the differentiation of B cells into immunoglobulin-producing plasma cells.
Nevertheless, despite the fact that BCMA; BAFF-R and TACI, i.e., B cell receptors belonging to the TNF receptor super family, and their ligands BAFF and APRIL are subject to therapies in fighting against cancer and/or autoimmune disorders, there is still a need for having available further options for the treatment of such medical ions.
Accordingly, there is provided herewith means and methods for the solution of this m in the form of a binding molecule which is at least bispecific with one g domain to cytotoxic cells, i.e., cytotoxic T cells, and with a second g domain to BCMA.
Thus, in a first aspect the t ion provides a binding molecule which is at least bispecific comprising a first and a second binding domain, wherein (a) the first binding domain is capable of binding to epitope cluster 3 of BCMA (CQLRCSSNTPPLTCQRYC) (SEQ ID NO:1016); and (b) the second binding domain is capable of binding to the T cell CD3 receptor complex; and wherein epitope cluster 3 of BCMA corresponds to amino acid residues 24 to 41 of the sequence as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 1002.
In another aspect the present invention provides a binding molecule which is at least bispecific comprising a first and a second binding domain, wherein (a) the first binding domain binds to epitope cluster 3 of BCMA SSNTPPLTCQRYC); and (b) the second binding domain binds to the T cell CD3 or complex; wherein epitope cluster 3 of BCMA corresponds to amino acid residues 24 to 41 of the sequence as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 1002.
It must be noted that as used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the”, include plural references unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to “a reagent” includes one or more of such different reagents and reference to “the method” includes reference to equivalent steps and methods known to those of ordinary skill in the art that could be modified or tuted for the methods described herein.
Unless otherwise indicated, the term "at least" preceding a series of elements is to be understood to refer to every element in the . Those skilled in the art will recognize, or be able to ascertain using no more than routine mentation, many lents to the specific [Text continued on page 5] embodiments of the invention described herein. Such equivalents are intended to be encompassed by the present ion.
The term "and/or" wherever used herein es the meaning of "and", "or" and "all or any other combination of the elements ted by said term".
The term "about" or "approximately" as used herein means within i20%, preferably within 145%, more preferably within i10%, and most preferably within i5% of a given value or range.
Throughout this specification and the claims which follow, unless the context requires othenNise, the word “comprise”, and variations such as ises” and “comprising”, will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated integer or step or group of integers or steps but not the exclusion of any other integer or step or group of integer or step. When used herein the term “comprising” can be substituted with the term “containing” or “including” or sometimes when used herein with the term “having”.
When used herein “consisting of' excludes any element, step, or ingredient not specified in the claim element. When used herein, "consisting essentially of" does not exclude materials or steps that do not materially affect the basic and novel teristics of the claim.
In each ce herein any of the terms "comprising", "consisting essentially of" and "consisting of' may be replaced with either of the other two terms.
Epitope cluster 3 is comprised by the extracellular domain of BCMA. The "BCMA extracellular domain" or "BCMA ECD" refers to a form of BCMA which is essentially free of embrane and asmic domains of BCMA. It will be understood by the skilled artisan that the transmembrane domain identified for the BCMA polypeptide of the present invention is identified pursuant to criteria routinely employed in the art for identifying that type of hobic .
The exact boundaries of a transmembrane domain may vary but most likely by no more than about 5 amino acids at either end of the domain specifically mentioned herein. A preferred BCMA ECD is shown in SEQ ID NO: 1007.
The T cell CD3 receptor complex is a protein complex and is composed of four distinct chains.
In mammals, the complex contains a CD3v chain, a CD36 chain, and two CD35 (epsilon) chains. These chains associate with a molecule known as the T cell receptor (TCR) and the C chain to generate an activation signal in T lymphocytes.
The redirected lysis of target cells via the tment of T cells by bispecific molecules es cytolytic synapse formation and delivery of perforin and mes. The engaged T cells are capable of serial target cell lysis, and are not affected by immune escape mechanisms interfering with peptide antigen processing and presentation, or clonal T cell differentiation; see, for example, .
The term “binding molecule” in the sense of the t sure indicates any molecule capable of (specifically) binding to, interacting with or izing the target molecules BCMA and CD3. According to the present invention, binding molecules are preferably polypeptides.
Such polypeptides may include proteinaceous parts and non-proteinaceous parts (e.g. chemical linkers or chemical cross-linking agents such as glutaraldehyde).
A binding molecule, so to say, provides the scaffold for said one or more binding domains so that said binding domains can bind/interact with the target molecules BCMA and CD3. For example, such a scaffold could be provided by protein A, in particular, the Z-domain thereof (affibodies), lmmE7 (immunity proteins), BPTl/APPI (Kunitz domains), Ras-binding protein AF-6 (PDZ-domains), charybdotoxin (Scorpion toxin), , Min-23 (knottins), lipocalins (anticalins), neokarzinostatin, a fibronectin domain, an ankyrin consensus repeat domain or thioredoxin (Skerra, Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 18, 295-304 (2005); Hosse et al., Protein Sci. 15, 14-27 ; Nicaise et al., Protein Sci. 13, 1882-1891 (2004) ; Nygren and Uhlen, Curr. Opin.
Struc. Biol. 7, 463-469 (1997)). A preferred binding molecule is an dy.
It is envisaged that the binding molecule is ed by (or obtainable by) phage-display or library screening s rather than by grafting CDR sequences from a pre-existing (monoclonal) antibody into a scaffold, for example, a scaffold as sed herein.
The term “bispecific” as used herein refers to a binding molecule which comprises at least a first and a second g domain, wherein the first binding domain is capable of binding to one 3O antigen or , and the second g domain is capable of binding to another antigen or target. The ng molecule” of the invention also comprises multispecific binding molecules such as e.g. cific binding molecules, the latter ones including three binding domains.
It is also envisaged that the binding molecule of the invention has, in addition to its function to bind to the target molecules BCMA and CD3, a further function. In this format, the binding molecule is a tri-or multifunctional binding molecule by targeting plasma cells through binding to BCMA, mediating cytotoxic T cell activity through CD3 g and ing a further function such as a fully functional Fc constant domain ing antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity through recruitment of effector cells like NK cells, a label (fluorescent etc.), a therapeutic agent such as, e.g. a toxin or radionuclide, and/or means to enhance serum half-life, etc.
The term "binding domain" characterizes in connection with the present invention a domain which is capable of specifically binding to/interacting with a given target epitope or a given target site on the target molecules BCMA and CD3.
Binding domains can be derived from a binding domain donor such as for e an antibody, protein A, lmmE7 (immunity proteins), PPI (Kunitz domains), Ras-binding protein AF-6 (PDZ-domains), charybdotoxin (Scorpion toxin), CTLA-4, Min-23 (knottins), lipocalins (anticalins), neokarzinostatin, a fibronectin domain, an ankyrin consensus repeat domain or thioredoxin (Skerra, Curr. Opin. hnol. 18, 295-304 (2005); Hosse et al., Protein Sci. 15, 14-27 (2006); Nicaise et al., Protein Sci. 13, 1882-1891 (2004) ; Nygren and Uhlen, Curr. Opin.
Struc. Biol. 7, 463-469 (1997)). A preferred binding domain is d from an antibody. It is ged that a binding domain of the present invention comprises at least said part of any of the aforementioned binding domains that is required for binding to/interacting with a given target epitope or a given target site on the target molecules BCMA and CD3.
It is envisaged that the binding domain of the entioned binding domain donors is characterized by that part of these donors that is responsible for binding the respective target, i.e. when that part is removed from the binding domain donor, said donor loses its binding capability. “Loses” means a reduction of at least 50% of the binding lity when compared with the g donor. Methods to map these binding sites are well known in the art — it is ore within the standard dge of the skilled person to locate/map the binding site of a binding domain donor and, thereby, to “derive” said binding domain from the respective binding domain . 3O The term "epitope" refers to a site on an antigen to which a binding domain, such as an antibody or immunoglobulin or derivative or fragment of an antibody or of an immunoglobulin, specifically binds. An “epitope” is antigenic and thus the term epitope is sometimes also referred to herein as “antigenic structure” or “antigenic determinant”. Thus, the binding domain is an "antigen- interaction-site". Said g/interaction is also understood to define a "specific recognition". In one example, said g domain which (specifically) binds to / interacts with a given target epitope or a given target site on the target molecules BCMA and CD3 is an antibody or immunoglobulin, and said binding domain is a VH and/or VL region of an antibody or of an immunoglobulin.
“Epitopes” can be formed both by contiguous amino acids or non-contiguous amino acids juxtaposed by tertiary folding of a protein. A "linear e" is an epitope where an amino acid primary ce comprises the recognized epitope. A linear epitope lly includes at least 3 or at least 4, and more usually, at least 5 or at least 6 or at least 7, for example, about 8 to about 10 amino acids in a unique sequence.
A "conformational epitope", in contrast to a linear epitope, is an epitope wherein the primary ce of the amino acids comprising the epitope is not the sole defining component of the epitope recognized (e.g., an epitope wherein the primary sequence of amino acids is not necessarily recognized by the binding ). Typically a conformational epitope comprises an increased number of amino acids ve to a linear epitope. With regard to recognition of conformational epitopes, the binding domain recognizes a three-dimensional structure of the antigen, preferably a e or protein or fragment thereof (in the context of the present invention, the antigen for one of the binding s is comprised within the BCMA protein).
For example, when a protein molecule folds to form a dimensional structure, certain amino acids and/or the ptide backbone g the conformational e become juxtaposed enabling the antibody to recognize the epitope. Methods of determining the conformation of epitopes include, but are not limited to, x-ray crystallography, two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-NMR) spectroscopy and site-directed spin ing and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Moreover, the provided examples describe a further method to test whether a given binding domain binds to one or more epitope cluster(s) of a given protein, in ular BCMA.
In one aspect, the first binding domain of the present invention is capable of binding to epitope cluster 3 of human BCMA, preferably human BCMA ECD. Accordingly, when the respective epitope cluster in the human BCMA protein is exchanged with the respective epitope cluster of a murine BCMA antigen (resulting in a construct comprising human BCMA, wherein human 3O epitope cluster 3 is replaced with murine epitope cluster 3; see SEQ ID NO: 1011), a decrease in the binding of the binding domain will occur. Said decrease is preferably at least 10%, 20%, %, 40%, 50%; more preferably at least 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% or even 100% in comparison to the respective epitope cluster in the human BCMA protein, whereby binding to the respective epitope cluster in the human BCMA protein is set to be 100%. It is envisaged that the aforementioned human BCMA/murine BCMA as are expressed in CHO cells. It is also ged that the human BCMA/murine BCMA chimeras are fused with a transmembrane domain and/or cytoplasmic domain of a ent membrane-bound protein such as EpCAM; see Figure 2a.
A method to test this loss of binding due to exchange with the tive epitope cluster of a non-human (e.g. ) BCMA antigen is described in the appended Examples, in particular in Examples 1-3. A further method to ine the contribution of a specific residue of a target n to the recognition by a given binding le or binding domain is alanine scanning (see e.g. Morrison KL & Weiss GA. Cur Opin Chem Biol. 2001 Jun;5(3):302—7), where each residue to be analyzed is ed by alanine, e.g. via site-directed mutagenesis. Alanine is used because of its non-bulky, chemically inert, methyl functional group that nevertheless mimics the secondary structure references that many of the other amino acids possess.
Sometimes bulky amino acids such as valine or leucine can be used in cases where conservation of the size of mutated residues is desired. Alanine scanning is a mature technology which has been used for a long period of time.
As used herein, the term “epitope cluster” denotes the entirety of epitopes lying in a defined uous stretch of an antigen. An epitope cluster can se one, two or more epitopes.
The epitope clusters that were defined — in the context of the t invention — in the ellular domain of BCMA are described above and depicted in Figure 1.
The terms “(capable of) binding to”, "specifically recognizing", “directed to” and “reacting with” mean in accordance with this invention that a binding domain is capable of specifically interacting with one or more, preferably at least two, more preferably at least three and most preferably at least four amino acids of an epitope.
As used herein, the terms "specifically interacting", “specifically binding” or “specifically bind(s)” mean that a binding domain exhibits appreciable affinity for a particular protein or antigen and, generally, does not exhibit significant reactivity with proteins or antigens other than BCMA or CD3. “Appreciable affinity” includes binding with an affinity of about 10'6M (KD) or stronger.
Preferably, g is ered specific when binding affinity is about 10'12 to 10'8 M, 10'12 to 3O 10'9 M, 10'12 to 104° M, 10'11 to 10'8 M, preferably of about 10'11 to 10'9 M. Whether a binding domain specifically reacts with or binds to a target can be tested y by, inter alia, comparing the reaction of said binding domain with a target protein or antigen with the reaction of said binding domain with proteins or antigens other than BCMA or CD3. Preferably, a binding domain of the invention does not essentially bind or is not capable of binding to proteins or antigens other than BCMA or CD3 (i.e. the first binding domain is not capable of binding to proteins other than BCMA and the second g domain is not capable of binding to ns other than CD3).
The term “does not essentially bind”, or “is not capable of binding” means that a binding domain of the present invention does not bind another protein or antigen other than BCMA or CD3, i.e., does not show reactivity of more than 30%, preferably not more than 20%, more preferably not more than 10%, particularly preferably not more than 9%, 8%, 7%, 6% or 5% with proteins or antigens other than BCMA or CD3, whereby binding to BCMA or CD3, respectively, is set to be 100%.
Specific binding is believed to be effected by specific motifs in the amino acid ce of the binding domain and the n. Thus, binding is achieved as a result of their primary, secondary and/or tertiary structure as well as the result of secondary modifications of said structures. The specific interaction of the antigen-interaction-site with its specific antigen may result in a simple binding of said site to the antigen. Moreover, the specific interaction of the antigen-interaction-site with its specific antigen may alternatively or additionally result in the initiation of a signal, e.g. due to the induction of a change of the conformation of the antigen, an oligomerization of the antigen, etc.
In one aspect, the first binding domain of the present invention binds to epitope cluster 3 of human BCMA and is further capable of binding to epitope cluster 3 of macaque BCMA such as BCMA from Macaca a (SEQ ID NO:1017) or Macaca fascicularis (SEQ ID NO:1017). It is envisaged that the first g domain does or does not bind to murine BCMA.
Accordingly, in one embodiment, a binding domain which binds to human BCMA, in particular to e cluster 3 of the extracellular protein domain of BCMA formed by amino acid residues 24 to 41 of the human sequence as ed in SEQ ID NO: 1002, also binds to macaque BCMA, in particular to epitope cluster 3 of the ellular n domain of BCMA formed by amino acid residues 24 to 41 of the macaque BCMA sequence as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 1006. 3O In one ment, a first binding domain of a binding molecule is capable of binding to e cluster 3 of BCMA, wherein epitope cluster 3 of BCMA corresponds to amino acid residues 24 to 41 of the sequence as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 1002 (human BCMA full-length polypeptide) or SEQ ID NO: 1007 (human BCMA extracellular domain: amino acids 1-54 of SEQ ID NO: 1002).
In one aspect of the present invention, the first g domain of the binding molecule is additionally or alternatively capable of binding to epitope cluster 3 of Cal/ithrix jacchus, Saguinus oedipus and/or Saimiri sciureus BCMA.
Proteins (including fragments thereof, preferably biologically active fragments, and peptides, usually having less than 30 amino acids) comprise one or more amino acids coupled to each other via a nt peptide bond (resulting in a chain of amino acids). The term "polypeptide" as used herein describes a group of les, which t of more than 30 amino acids.
Polypeptides may further form multimers such as dimers, trimers and higher oligomers, i.e. consisting of more than one polypeptide molecule. Polypeptide molecules forming such , trimers etc. may be identical or non-identical. The corresponding higher order ures of such multimers are, consequently, termed homo- or heterodimers, homo- or heterotrimers etc. An e for a romultimer is an antibody molecule, which, in its naturally occurring form, consists of two identical light polypeptide chains and two identical heavy polypeptide chains.
The terms "polypeptide" and "protein" also refer to naturally modified polypeptides/proteins wherein the modification is effected e.g. by post-translational modifications like glycosylation, acetylation, phosphorylation and the like. A “polypeptide” when referred to herein may also be chemically modified such as pegylated. Such modifications are well known in the art.
In another aspect of the invention, the second binding domain is capable of binding to CD3 epsilon. In still another aspect of the invention, the second binding domain is capable of binding to human CD3 and to macaque CD3, ably to human CD3 epsilon and to e CD3 epsilon. Additionally or alternatively, the second binding domain is capable of binding to hrix jacchus, Saguinus oedipus and/or Saimiri sciureus CD3 epsilon. According to these embodiments, one or both binding domains of the binding molecule of the invention are preferably species specific for members of the mammalian order of primates. Cross- species specific CD3 binding domains are, for example, described in .
It is particularly preferred for the binding molecule of the present invention that the second binding domain capable of binding to the T cell CD3 receptor complex comprises a VL region sing CDR-L‘l, CDR-L2 and CDR-L3 selected from: (a) CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 27 of WO 19567, CDR-L2 as depicted in SEQID NO: 28 of and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQID NO: 29 of WC 2008/1 1 9567; (b) CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 117 of WO 19567, CDR-L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 118 of and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 119 of WO 19567; and (c) CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 153 of , CDR-L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 154 of WO 19567 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 155 of In an alternatively preferred embodiment of the binding molecule of the present invention, the second binding domain capable of binding to the T cell CD3 receptor complex comprises a VH region comprising CDR-H 1, CDR-H2 and CDR-H3 selected from: (a) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 12 of , CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 13 of and CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 14 of (b) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 30 of , CDR-H2 as ed in SEQID NO: 31 of and CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQID NO: 32 of (C) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 48 of , CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQID NO: 49 of WO 19567 and CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQID NO: 50 of (d) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 66 of , CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQID NO: 67 of and CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQID NO: 68 of (e) CDR-H1 as ed in SEQ ID NO: 84 of , CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQID NO: 85 of and CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQID NO: 86 of ; (f) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 102 of , CDR-H2 as ed in SEQ ID NO: 103 of and CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 104 of (g) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 120 of , CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 121 of and CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 122 of (h) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 138 of , CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 139 of and CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 140 of (i) CDR-H1 as ed in SEQ ID NO: 156 of , CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 157 of and CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 158 of ; and (j) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 174 of WO 19567, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 175 of and CDR-H3 as ed in SEQ ID NO: 176 of It is further preferred for the binding molecule of the present invention that the second g domain capable of binding to the T cell CD3 receptor x comprises a VL region selected from the group consisting of a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 35, 39, 125, 129, 161 or 165 of .
It is alternatively red that the second binding domain e of binding to the T cell CD3 receptor complex comprises a VH region selected from the group consisting of a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 15, 19, 33, 37, 51, 55, 69, 73, 87, 91, 105, 109, 123, 127, 141, 145, 159, 163, 177 or 181 of .
More preferably, the binding molecule of the present ion is characterized by the second binding domain capable of binding to the T cell CD3 receptor complex comprising a VL region and a VH region selected from the group consisting of: (a) a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 17 or 21 of and a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 15 or 19 of ; (b) a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 35 or 39 of and a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 33 or 37 of ; (c) a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 53 or 57 of and a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 51 or 55 of ; (d) a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 71 or 75 of and a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 69 or 73 of ; (e) a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 89 or 93 of and a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 87 or 91 of ; (f) a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 107 or 111 of and a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 105 or 109 of ; (g) a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 125 or 129 of and a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 123 or 127 of ; (h) a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 143 or 147 of and a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 141 or 145 of ; (i) a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 161 or 165 of and a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 159 or 163 of WO 19567; and (j) a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 179 or 183 of and a VH region as ed in SEQ ID NO: 177 or 181 of . ing to a preferred embodiment of the binding molecule of the t invention, in particular the second binding domain capable of binding to the T cell CD3 receptor complex, the pairs of VH-regions and VL-regions are in the format of a single chain antibody . The VH and VL regions are arranged in the order VH-VL or VL-VH. It is preferred that the VH-region is oned N-terminally to a linker sequence. The VL-region is positioned C-terminally of the anersequence.
A preferred embodiment of the above described binding molecule of the present invention is characterized by the second binding domain capable of binding to the Tcell CD3 receptor complex comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 23, 25, 41, 43, 59, 61, 77, 79, 95, 97, 113, 115, 131, 133, 149, 151, 167, 169, 185 or 187 of .
The affinity of the first binding domain for human BCMA is preferably 515 nM, more preferably s10nM, even more preferably 55 nM, even more preferably 51 nM, even more preferably $0.5 nM, even more preferably $0.1 nM, and most preferably $0.05 nM. The affinity of the first binding domain for macaque BCMA is preferably 515 nM, more preferably 510 nM, even more preferably 55 nM, even more preferably 51 nM, even more preferably $0.5 nM, even more preferably $0.1nM, and most preferably $0.05 nM or even $0.01 nM. The ty can be measured for example in a Biacore assay or in a Scatchard assay, e.g. as described in the Examples. The affinity gap for g to macaque BCMA versus human BCMA is preferably [1:10—1:5] or [5:1-10:1], more preferably [1:5-5:1], and most preferably [1:2-3:1] or even [1:1- 3O 3:1]. Other s of determining the affinity are well-known to the skilled person.
Cytotoxicity mediated by BCMA/CD3 bispecific binding molecules can be measured in various ways. or cells can be e.g. stimulated ed (human) CD8 positive Tcells or unstimulated (human) peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). If the target cells are of macaque origin or express or are transfected with macaque BCMA, the effector cells should 2012/072699 also be of macaque origin such as a macaque Tcell line, e.g. 4119Lan. The target cells should express (at least the extracellular domain of) BCMA, e.g. human or macaque BCMA.
Target cells can be a cell line (such as CHO) which is stably or transiently transfected with BCMA, e.g. human or macaque BCMA. atively, the target cells can be a BCMA positive natural expresser cell line, such as the human multiple myeloma cell line L363 or NCl-H929.
Usually EC50-values are ed to be lower with target cell lines expressing higher levels of BCMA on the cell surface. The effector to target cell (E:T) ratio is usually about 10:1, but can also vary. Cytotoxic activity of BCMA/CD3 bispecific binding molecules can be measured in an 51-chromium release assay (incubation time of about 18 hours) or in a in a FACS-based cytotoxicity assay ation time of about 48 hours). Modifications of the assay incubation time (cytotoxic reaction) are also possible. Other methods of measuring cytotoxicity are well- known to the skilled person and comprise MTT or MTS assays, sed assays including bioluminescent assays, the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay, WST assay, clonogenic assay and the ECIS technology.
The cytotoxic activity mediated by BCMA/CD3 bispecific g molecules of the present invention is preferably measured in a cell-based cytotoxicity assay. It is represented by the EC50 value, which corresponds to the half maximal effective concentration (concentration of the binding molecule which induces a cytotoxic response halfway between the baseline and maximum). Preferably, the EC50 value of the BCMA/CD3 bispecific binding molecules is 520.000 pg/ml, more preferably S5000 pg/ml, even more preferably $1000 pg/ml, even more preferably S500 pg/ml, even more preferably S350 pg/ml, even more preferably S320 pg/ml, even more ably 5250 pg/ml, even more ably 5100 pg/ml, even more preferably 550 pg/ml, even more preferably 510 pg/ml, and most preferably 55 pg/ml.
Any of the above given EC50 values can be combined with any one of the indicated scenarios of a cell-based xicity assay. For example, when (human) CD8 positive T cells or a macaque Tcell line are used as effector cells, the EC50 value of the BCMA/CD3 bispecific binding molecule is preferably $1000 pg/ml, more preferably S500 pg/ml, even more preferably 3O 5250 pg/ml, even more preferably 5100 pg/ml, even more preferably 550 pg/ml, even more preferably 510 pg/ml, and most ably 55 pg/ml. If in this assay the target cells are (human or macaque) BCMA transfected cells such as CHO cells, the EC50 value of the BCMA/CD3 bispecific binding le is ably 5150 pg/ml, more preferably 5100 pg/ml, even more preferably 550 pg/ml, even more preferably 530 pg/ml, even more ably 510 pg/ml, and most preferably 55 pg/ml.
If the target cells are a BCMA positive natural expresser cell line, then the EC50 value is preferably S350 pg/ml, more ably S320 pg/ml, even more preferably 5250 pg/ml, even more preferably 5200 pg/ml, even more preferably S100 pg/ml, even more preferably 5150 pg/ml, even more preferably S100 pg/ml, and most preferably 550 pg/ml, or lower.
When (human) PBMCs are used as effector cells, the EC50 value of the BCMA/CD3 bispecific binding molecule is preferably S1000 pg/ml, more preferably S750 pg/ml, more ably 5500 pg/ml, even more preferably S350 pg/ml, even more ably S320 pg/ml, even more preferably 5250 pg/ml, even more preferably S100 pg/ml, and most preferably 550 pg/ml, or lower.
In a particularly preferred ment, the D3 bispecific g molecules of the present ion are characterized by an EC50 of S350 pg/ml or less, more preferably 5320 pg/ml or less. In that embodiment the target cells are L363 cells and the effector cells are unstimulated human PBMCs. The skilled person knows how to measure the EC50 value without further ado. Moreover, the specification teaches a specific instruction how to measure the EC50 value; see, for example, Example 8.3, below.A suitable protocol is as follows: a) e human peripheral blood clear cells (PBMC) by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation from enriched lymphocyte ations (buffy coats) b) Optionally wash with Dulbecco’s PBS (Gibco) c) Remove remaining erythrocytes from PBMC via incubation with erythrocyte lysis buffer (155 mM NH4CI, 10 mM KHC03, 100 uM EDTA) c) Remove platelets via the supernatant upon centrifugation of PBMC at 100 x g d) Deplete CD14+ cells and NK cells e) lsolate CD14/CD56 negative cells using, e.g. LS Columns nyi Biotec, #130—042— 401) f) Culture PBMC w/o CD14+/CD56+ cells, e.g. in RPMI complete medium i.e. RPM|1640 (Biochrom AG, #FG1215) supplemented with 10% FBS (Biochrom AG, #80115), 1xnon- essential amino acids (Biochrom AG, #K0293), 10 mM Hepes buffer (Biochrom AG, #L1613), 1 mM sodium pyruvate (Biochrom AG, #L0473) and 100 U/mL penicillin/streptomycin (Biochrom AG, #A2213) at 37°C in an incubator until needed. g) Label target cells h) Mix effector and target cells, preferably at equal volumes, so as to have an E:T cell ratio of 10:1 i) Add the binding molecule, preferably in a serial dilution j) Proceed for 48 hours in a 7% COZ humidified incubator k) Monitor target cell membrane integrity, e.g., by adding propidium iodide (PI) at a final concentration of 1 ug/mL, for example, by flow cytometry l) Calculate EC50, e.g., according to the following formula: Cytotoxicity [%] :M x 100 target cells n = number of events Using GraphPad Prism 5 software (Graph Pad Software, San Diego), the percentage of cytotoxicity was plotted against the corresponding bispecific antibody trations. Dose response curves can be analyzed with the four tric logistic regression models for evaluation of sigmoid dose response curves with fixed hill slope and EC50 values were ated.
In view of the above, it is preferred that the binding molecule of the t ion is characterized by an EC50 (pg/ml) of 350 or less, preferably 320 or less.
The present ion also relates to binding molecules described herein which are characterized by an EC50 (pg/ml) which equates to the EC50 (pg/ml) of any one of the BCMA/CD3 bispecific binding molecules BCMA-83 x CD3, BCMA-62 x CD3, BCMA-5 x CD3, BCMA-98 x CD3, BCMA-71 x CD3, BCMA-34 x CD3, BCMA-74 x CD3, BCMA-20 x CD3. In order to determine as to whether the EC50 of a binding molecule as bed herein equates to the EC50 of any one of BCMA-83 x CD3, BCMA-62 x CD3, BCMA-5 x CD3, BCMA- 98 x CD3, 1 x CD3, BCMA-34 x CD3, BCMA-74 x CD3, BCMA-20 x CD3, it is envisaged that for the determination of the EC50 value the same assay is applied. The term “equates to” includes thereby a deviation of +/- 10%, ably +/- 7.5%, more preferably +/- %, even more preferably +/- 2.5% of the respective EC50 value.
The BCMA/CD3 bispecific binding molecules BCMA-83 x CD3, BCMA-62 x CD3, BCMA- x CD3, BCMA-98 x CD3, BCMA-71 x CD3, BCMA-34 x CD3, BCMA-74 x CD3, BCMA- 20xCD3 that serve as “reference” g molecules in the above described assay are preferably produced in CHO cells.
The difference in cytotoxic activity between the monomeric and the dimeric isoform of individual BCMA/CD3 bispecific binding molecules (such as antibodies) is referred to as “potency gap”.
This potency gap can e.g. be calculated as ratio n EC50 values of the molecule’s monomeric and dimeric form. Potency gaps of the BCMA/CD3 bispecific binding molecules of the present invention are preferably 55, more preferably 54, even more preferably 53, even more preferably 52 and most ably 51.
Preferably, the BCMA/CD3 bispecific binding molecules of the present invention do not bind to, interact with, ize or cross-react with human BAFF-R and/or human TACI. Methods to detect cross-reactivity with human BAFF-R and/or human TACI are disclosed in Example 9.
It is also preferred that the BCMA/CD3 bispecific binding molecules of the present invention present with very low dimer conversion after a number of freeze/thaw cycles. Preferably the dimer percentages are 55%, more ably 54%, even more ably 53%, even more preferably 52.5%, even more preferably 52%, even more preferably 51.5%, and most preferably 51%, for example after three /thaw cycles. A freeze-thaw cycle and the determination of the dimer percentage can be carried out in accordance with Example 16.
The BCMA/CD3 bispecific g molecules (such as dies) of the present invention preferably show a favorable stability with g temperatures above 60°C.
To determine potential interaction of BCMA/CD3 bispecific binding molecules (such as antibodies) with human plasma proteins, a plasma interference test can be carried out (see e.g.
Example 18). In a red embodiment, there is no significant reduction of target binding of the BCMA/CD3 bispecific binding molecules mediated by plasma proteins. The relative plasma interference value is preferably 52.
It is furthermore envisaged that the BCMA/CD3 bispecific binding molecules of the t invention are capable of exhibiting therapeutic efficacy or anti-tumor activity. This can be assessed e.g. in a study as disclosed in Example 19 (advanced stage human tumor xenograft model). The skilled person knows how to modify or adapt certain parameters of this study, such as the number of injected tumor cells, the site of injection, the number of transplanted human T cells, the amount of BCMA/CD3 ific binding molecules to be administered, and the timelines, while still arriving at a meaningful and reproducible result. Preferably, the tumor growth inhibition T/C [%] is 70 or 60 or lower, more preferably 50 or 40 or lower, even more preferably at least 30 or 20 or lower and most preferably 10 or lower, 5 or lower or even 2.5 or lower.
Preferably, the BCMA/CD3 ific binding les of the present invention do not induce / mediate lysis or do not ially induce / mediate lysis of BCMA ve cells such as HL60, MES-SA, and SNU-16. The term “do not induce lysis”, “do not essentially induce lysis”, “do not mediate lysis” or “do not essentially mediate lysis” means that a binding molecule of the present invention does not induce or mediate lysis of more than 30%, preferably not more than 20%, more preferably not more than 10%, particularly ably not more than 9%, 8%, 7%, 6% or % of BCMA negative cells, whereby lysis of a BCMA positive cell line such as NCl-H929, L- 363 or OPM-2 is set to be 100%. This applies for concentrations of the binding molecule of at least up to 500 nM. The skilled person knows how to measure cell lysis without further ado.
Moreover, the specification teaches a specific instruction how to measure cell lysis; see e.g.
Example 20 below.
In one embodiment, the first or the second g domain is or is derived from an antibody. In another embodiment, both binding domains are or are derived from an antibody.
The definition of the term “antibody” includes embodiments such as monoclonal, chimeric, single chain, humanized and human antibodies. In addition to full-length antibodies, the definition also includes antibody derivatives and antibody fragments, like, inter alia, Fab fragments. Antibody fragments or derivatives further comprise F(ab')2, Fv, scFv fragments or single domain antibodies such as domain antibodies or nanobodies, single variable domain antibodies or globulin single variable domain comprising merely one variable domain, which might be VHH, VH or VL, that specifically bind an antigen or epitope independently of other V regions or domains; see, for example, Harlow and Lane (1988) and , loc. cit.; Kontermann and DUbel, Antibody Engineering, Springer, 2nd ed. 2010 and Little, Recombinant Antibodies for lmmunotherapy, Cambridge University Press 2009. Said term also includes diabodies or Dual-Affinity Re-Targeting (DART) antibodies. Further envisaged are (bispecific) single chain diabodies, tandem diabodies (Tandab’s), ,,minibodies“ exemplified by a structure which is as follows: (VH-VL-CH3)2, (scFv-CH3)2 or (scFv-CH3-scFv)2, ,,Fc DART“ antibodies and ,,lgG DART“ antibodies, and multibodies such as triabodies. lmmunoglobulin single le 3O domains ass not only an isolated antibody single variable domain ptide, but also larger ptides that comprise one or more monomers of an antibody single variable domain ptide sequence.
Various procedures are known in the art and may be used for the tion of such antibodies and/or fragments. Thus, (antibody) derivatives can be produced by peptidomimetics. Further, techniques described for the production of single chain antibodies (see, inter alia, US Patent 4,946,778, Kontermann and Diibel (2010), loc. cit. and Little (2009), loc. cit.) can be adapted to produce single chain antibodies specific for elected polypeptide(s). Also, transgenic animals may be used to express humanized dies specific for polypeptides and fusion proteins of this invention. For the preparation of monoclonal antibodies, any technique, providing antibodies produced by continuous cell line cultures can be used. Examples for such techniques include the hybridoma technique r and Milstein Nature 256 (1975), 495-497), the trioma technique, the human B cell hybridoma technique (Kozbor, Immunology Today 4 (1983), 72) and the EBV hybridoma technique to produce human monoclonal antibodies (Cole et al., Monoclonal Antibodies and Cancer Therapy, Alan R. Liss, Inc. (1985), . Surface plasmon resonance as employed in the BlAcore system can be used to increase the efficiency of phage antibodies which bind to an epitope of a target polypeptide, such as CD3 epsilon (Schier, Human Antibodies Hybridomas 7 (1996), 97-105; rg, J. lmmunol. Methods 183 (1995), 7-13). It is also envisaged in the t of this ion that the term “antibody” comprises antibody constructs, which may be expressed in a host as described herein below, e.g. antibody constructs which may be transfected and/or transduced via, inter alia, viruses or plasmid vectors.
Furthermore, the term "antibody" as employed herein also relates to derivatives or variants of the antibodies described herein which display the same specificity as the described antibodies.
Examples of ody variants" include humanized variants of non-human antibodies, "affinity matured" antibodies (see, e.g. Hawkins et al. J. Mol. Biol. 254, 889-896 (1992) and Lowman et al., Biochemistry 30, 10832- 10837 (1991)) and antibody mutants with altered effector on(s) (see, e.g., US Patent 5, 648, 260, Kontermann and DUbel (2010), loc. cit. and (2009), loc. cit.).
The terms "antigen-binding ", "antigen-binding fragment" and ody binding region” when used herein refer to a part of an antibody molecule that comprises amino acids responsible for the specific binding between antibody and n. The part of the antigen that 3O is specifically recognized and bound by the antibody is referred to as the "epitope" as described herein above. As ned above, an antigen-binding domain may typically comprise an antibody light chain variable region (VL) and an antibody heavy chain variable region (VH); however, it does not have to comprise both. Fd nts, for example, have two VH regions and often retain some antigen-binding function of the intact antigen-binding domain. Examples of antigen-binding nts of an dy include (1) a Fab fragment, a monovalent fragment having the VL, VH, CL and CH1 s; (2) a F(ab')2 fragment, a bivalent fragment having two Fab fragments linked by a disulfide bridge at the hinge region; (3) an Fd nt having the two VH and CH1 domains; (4) an Fv fragment having the VL and VH s of a single arm of an antibody, (5) a dAb fragment (Ward et al., (1989) Nature 341 :544-546), which has a VH domain; (6) an isolated complementarity determining region (CDR), and (7) a single chain Fv (scFv), the latter being preferred (for example, derived from a scFV-library). Although the two domains of the Fv fragment, VL and VH are coded for by separate genes, they can be joined, using recombinant methods, by a synthetic linker that enables them to be made as a single protein chain in which the VL and VH regions pair to form lent molecules (known as single chain Fv (scFv); see e.g., Huston et al. (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA 85:5879-5883).
These antibody nts are obtained using tional techniques known to those with skill in the art, and the fragments are evaluated for function in the same manner as are intact antibodies.
The term "monoclonal antibody" as used herein refers to an antibody obtained from a population of substantially homogeneous dies, i.e., the individual antibodies comprising the population are identical except for le lly occurring ons and/or post- translation modifications (e.g., isomerizations, amidations) that may be present in minor amounts.
Monoclonal antibodies are highly specific, being directed against a single nic site.
Furthermore, in contrast to conventional (polyclonal) antibody preparations which typically include different antibodies directed against different determinants (epitopes), each monoclonal antibody is directed against a single determinant on the antigen. In addition to their specificity, the monoclonal antibodies are advantageous in that they are synthesized by the hybridoma culture, uncontaminated by other immunoglobulins. The er "monoclonal" indicates the character of the antibody as being obtained from a substantially homogeneous population of antibodies, and is not to be construed as requiring production of the antibody by any particular method. For example, the monoclonal antibodies to be used in accordance with the present invention may be made by the hybridoma method first described by Kohler et al., Nature, 256: 495 (1975), or may be made by recombinant DNA methods (see, e.g., U. 8. Patent 3O No. 4,816,567). The "monoclonal antibodies" may also be ed from phage antibody libraries using the ques described in Clackson et al., Nature, 352: 624-628 (1991) and Marks et al., J. Mol. Biol., 222: 581-597 (1991), for example.
The monoclonal antibodies of the present invention specifically include "chimeric" antibodies oglobulins) in which a portion of the heavy and/or light chain is identical with or homologous to corresponding sequences in antibodies derived from a particular species or belonging to a particular antibody class or subclass, while the remainder of the chain (s) is (are) identical with or homologous to corresponding sequences in antibodies derived from another species or belonging to r antibody class or subclass, as well as fragments of such antibodies, so long as they exhibit the desired biological activity (U. 8. Patent No. 4,816, 567; Morrison et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 81: 855 (1984)). Chimeric antibodies of interest herein include tized" antibodies comprising variable domain antigen-binding sequences derived from a non-human primate (e.g., Old World Monkey, Ape etc.) and human constant region sequences.
"Humanized" forms of non-human (e.g., murine) antibodies are chimeric immunoglobulins, immunoglobulin chains or fragments thereof (such as Fv, Fab, Fab', F(ab')2 or other antigen- binding subsequences of antibodies) of mostly human sequences, which contain minimal sequence derived from non-human immunoglobulin. For the most part, humanized antibodies are human immunoglobulins (recipient antibody) in which residues from a hypervariable region (also CDR) of the recipient are replaced by residues from a ariable region of a non- human species (donor dy) such as mouse, rat or rabbit having the desired specificity, affinity, and capacity. In some instances, Fv framework region (FR) residues of the human immunoglobulin are replaced by corresponding non-human residues. Furthermore, "humanized antibodies" as used herein may also comprise residues which are found neither in the recipient antibody nor the donor antibody. These modifications are made to further refine and optimize antibody performance. The humanized antibody optimally also will comprise at least a portion of an globulin constant region (Fc), typically that of a human immunoglobulin. For further details, see Jones et al., , 321: 522-525 (1986); Reichmann et al., , 332: 323-329 (1988); and , Curr. Op. Struct. Biol., 2: 593-596 (1992).
The term "human antibody" includes antibodies having variable and constant regions corresponding ntially to human germline immunoglobulin sequences known in the art, including, for example, those described by Kabat et al. (See Kabat et al. (1991) loc. cit.). The 3O human antibodies of the invention may include amino acid es not encoded by human ne immunoglobulin sequences (e.g., mutations introduced by random or pecific mutagenesis in vitro or by somatic on in vivo), for e in the CDRs, and in particular, CDR3. The human antibody can have at least one, two, three, four, five, or more ons replaced with an amino acid residue that is not encoded by the human germline immunoglobulin sequence.
As used , "in vitro generated antibody" refers to an antibody where all or part of the variable region (e.g., at least one CDR) is ted in a non-immune cell selection (e.g., an in vitro phage display, protein chip or any other method in which candidate sequences can be tested for their ability to bind to an antigen). This term thus preferably excludes sequences generated by genomic rearrangement in an immune cell.
A "bispecific" or "bifunctional” antibody or immunoglobulin is an artificial hybrid antibody or globulin having two different heavy/light chain pairs and two different binding sites.
Bispecific antibodies can be produced by a variety of methods including fusion of hybridomas or linking of Fab' fragments. See, e.g., Songsivilai & Lachmann, Clin. Exp. lmmunol. 79:315-321 (1990). Numerous methods known to those skilled in the art are available for obtaining antibodies or n-binding fragments thereof. For example, dies can be produced using recombinant DNA methods (US. Patent No. 4,816,567). Monoclonal antibodies may also be ed by generation of hybridomas (see e.g., Kohler and Milstein (1975) Nature, 256: 9) in accordance with known methods. Hybridomas formed in this manner are then screened using standard methods, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and e plasmon resonance (BIACORETM) analysis, to fy one or more hybridomas that produce an antibody that specifically binds with a specified n. Any form of the ied antigen may be used as the immunogen, e.g., recombinant antigen, lly occurring forms, any variants or fragments thereof, as well as antigenic peptide thereof.” One exemplary method of making antibodies includes screening protein expression libraries, e.g., phage or ribosome display libraries. Phage display is described, for example, in Ladner et al., US. Patent No. 5,223,409; Smith (1985) Science 228:1315-1317; Clackson et al. (1991) Nature, 352: 8.
In addition to the use of display libraries, the specified antigen can be used to immunize a non- human animal, e.g., a rodent, e.g., a mouse, hamster, or rat. In one embodiment, the non- human animal includes at least a part of a human immunoglobulin gene. For example, it is 3O le to engineer mouse strains deficient in mouse antibody production with large fragments of the human lg loci. Using the hybridoma technology, antigen-specific monoclonal antibodies derived from the genes with the desired specificity may be produced and selected. See, e.g., XENOMOUSETM, Green et al. (1994) Nature Genetics 7:13-21, US 2003- 0070185, WO 96/34096, and WO96/33735.
A onal antibody can be obtained from a non-human animal, and then modified, e.g., humanized, deimmunized, chimeric, may be produced using recombinant DNA ques known in the art. A variety of approaches for making chimeric antibodies have been bed.
See e.g., Morrison et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. ScL U.S.A. 81:6851 , 1985; Takeda et al., Nature 314:452, 1985, y et al., US. Patent No. 4,816,567; Boss et al., US. Patent No. 397; Tanaguchi et al., EP 0171496; EP 0173494, GB 2177096. Humanized antibodies may also be produced, for example, using transgenic mice that express human heavy and light chain genes, but are incapable of expressing the endogenous mouse immunoglobulin heavy and light chain genes. Winter describes an exemplary afting method that may be used to prepare the humanized antibodies described herein (US. Patent No. 5,225,539). All of the CDRs of a particular human antibody may be replaced with at least a n of a man CDR, or only some of the CDRs may be replaced with non-human CDRs. It is only necessary to replace the number of CDRs required for binding of the humanized antibody to a predetermined antigen.
Humanized dies or fragments thereof can be generated by replacing sequences of the Fv variable domain that are not directly involved in antigen binding with equivalent sequences from human Fv variable domains. Exemplary methods for ting humanized antibodies or fragments thereof are provided by Morrison (1985) Science 229:1202-1207; by Oi et al. (1986) hniques 4:214; and by US 5,585,089; US 5,693,761; US 5,693,762; US 5,859,205; and US 6,407,213. Those methods include isolating, manipulating, and expressing the nucleic acid sequences that encode all or part of immunoglobulin Fv variable domains from at least one of a heavy or light chain. Such nucleic acids may be obtained from a hybridoma producing an antibody against a predetermined target, as described above, as well as from other sources.
The recombinant DNA encoding the humanized dy molecule can then be cloned into an appropriate expression vector.
A humanized antibody can be optimized by the uction of conservative substitutions, consensus sequence substitutions, germline substitutions and/or back mutations. Such altered immunoglobulin les can be made by any of several techniques known in the art, (e.g., 3O Teng et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 80: 7308-7312, 1983; Kozbor et al., Immunology Today, 4: 7279, 1983; Olsson et al., Meth. Enzymol., 92: 3-16, 1982), and may be made according to the teachings of EP 239 400.
An antibody or fragment thereof may also be modified by specific deletion of human T cell epitopes or unization" by the methods disclosed in WO 98/52976 and WO 00/34317.
Briefly, the heavy and light chain variable domains of an antibody can be analyzed for peptides that bind to MHC class II; these peptides represent potential Tcell epitopes (as defined in WO 98/52976 and WO 17). For detection of potential Tcell epitopes, a computer modeling approach termed "peptide threading" can be applied, and in addition a database of human MHC class II binding es can be searched for motifs present in the VH and VL sequences, as described in WO 98/52976 and WO 00/34317. These motifs bind to any of the 18 major MHC class II DR allotypes, and thus constitute potential T cell epitopes. Potential T- cell epitopes detected can be eliminated by substituting small numbers of amino acid residues in the variable domains, or preferably, by single amino acid substitutions. Typically, conservative substitutions are made. Often, but not exclusively, an amino acid common to a on in human germline antibody sequences may be used. Human germline sequences, e.g., are disclosed in son, et al. (1992) J. Mol. Biol. 227:776-798; Cook, G.P. et al. (1995) lmmunol. Today Vol. 16 (5): 237-242; and Tomlinson et al. (1995) EMBO J. 14: 14:4628—4638.
The V BASE directory es a comprehensive directory of human immunoglobulin variable region sequences (compiled by son, LA. et al. MRC Centre for Protein Engineering, Cambridge, UK). These sequences can be used as a source of human sequence, e.g., for framework regions and CDRs. Consensus human framework regions can also be used, e.g., as described in US Patent No. 6,300,064.
The pairing of a VH and VL together forms a single antigen-binding site. The CH domain most proximal to VH is ated as CH1. Each L chain is linked to an H chain by one covalent disulfide bond, while the two H chains are linked to each other by one or more disulfide bonds depending on the H chain isotype. The VH and VL domains consist of four regions of relatively conserved sequences called framework regions (FR1, FR2, FR3, and FR4), which form a scaffold for three regions of hypervariable sequences (complementarity determining s, CDRs). The CDRs contain most of the residues responsible for specific interactions of the antibody with the antigen. CDRs are referred to as CDR 1, CDR2, and CDR3. Accordingly, CDR constituents on the heavy chain are referred to as H1, H2, and H3, while CDR constituents on the light chain are referred to as L1, L2, and L3.
The term "variable" refers to the portions of the immunoglobulin domains that exhibit ility 3O in their sequence and that are involved in ining the specificity and binding affinity of a particular antibody (i.e., the ble domain(s)"). ility is not evenly distributed throughout the variable domains of antibodies; it is concentrated in sub-domains of each of the heavy and light chain variable regions. These sub-domains are called "hypervariable" regions or "complementarity determining s" (CDRs). The more conserved (i.e., non-hypervariable) portions of the le domains are called the work" regions (FRM). The variable domains of naturally occurring heavy and light chains each comprise four FRM regions, largely adopting a B-sheet configuration, connected by three hypervariable regions, which form loops connecting, and in some cases forming part of, the B-sheet structure. The hypervariable regions in each chain are held together in close proximity by the FRM and, with the hypervariable s from the other chain, contribute to the formation of the antigen-binding site (see Kabat et al., loc. cit.). The constant domains are not directly involved in antigen binding, but t various effector functions, such as, for example, dy-dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement tion.
It is also preferred for the binding le of the invention that first and the second domain form a molecule that is selected from the group of 2, e domain mAb)2, scFv-single domain mAb, diabody or oligomeres thereof.
The terms "CDR", and its plural "CDRs", refer to a complementarity determining region (CDR) of which three make up the binding character of a light chain variable region (CDRL1, CDRL2 and CDRL3) and three make up the binding character of a heavy chain variable region (CDRH1, CDRH2 and CDRH3). CDRs contribute to the functional activity of an antibody molecule and are separated by amino acid sequences that comprise scaffolding or framework regions. The exact definitional CDR boundaries and lengths are subject to different classification and numbering systems. CDRs may therefore be referred to by Kabat, Chothia, contact or any other boundary definitions, including the numbering system described herein. Despite differing boundaries, each of these systems has some degree of p in what constitutes the so called "hypervariable s" within the variable sequences. CDR definitions according to these systems may therefore differ in length and boundary areas with respect to the adjacent framework region. See for example Kabat, Chothia, and/or MacCallum (Kabat et al., loc. cit.; Chothia eta/., J. Mol. Biol, 1987, 196: 901; and MacCallum eta/., J. Mol. Biol, 1996, 262: 732).
However, the numbering in accordance with the so-called Kabat system is preferred.
The term "amino acid" or "amino acid residue" typically refers to an amino acid having its art 3O recognized definition such as an amino acid selected from the group consisting of: e (Ala or A); arginine (Arg or R); asparagine (Asn or N); aspartic acid (Asp or D); cysteine (Cys or C); ine (Gln or Q); glutamic acid (Glu or E); e (Gly or G); histidine (His or H); isoleucine (He or I): e (Leu or L); lysine (Lys or K); methionine (Met or M); alanine (Phe or F); pro line (Pro or P); serine (Ser or S); threonine (Thr or T); tryptophan (Trp or W); tyrosine (Tyr or Y); and valine (Val or V), gh modified, synthetic, or rare amino acids may be used as desired. Generally, amino acids can be grouped as having a nonpolar side chain (e.g., Ala, Cys, He, Leu, Met, Phe, Pro, Val); a negatively charged side chain (e.g., Asp, Glu); a positively d sidechain (e.g., Arg, His, Lys); or an uncharged polar side chain (e.g., Asn, Cys, Gln, Gly, His, Met, Phe, Ser, Thr, Trp, and Tyr).
The term "hypervariable region" (also known as "complementarity determining s" or CDRs) when used herein refers to the amino acid residues of an antibody which are (usually three or four short regions of e sequence variability) within the V-region domain of an immunoglobulin which form the antigen-binding site and are the main determinants of antigen specificity. There are at least two methods for identifying the CDR es: (1) An approach based on cross-species sequence variability (i. e., Kabat et al., loc. cit.); and (2) An approach based on crystallographic studies of antigen-antibody complexes (Chothia, C. et al., J. Mol. Biol. 196: 901-917 (1987)). r, to the extent that two residue identification techniques define regions of pping, but not identical regions, they can be combined to define a hybrid CDR.
However, in general, the CDR residues are preferably identified in accordance with the so- called Kabat ring) system.
The term "framework region" refers to the art-recognized portions of an antibody variable region that exist between the more divergent (i.e., hypervariable) CDRs. Such framework regions are typically ed to as frameworks1 through 4 (FR1, FR2, FR3, and FR4) and provide a scaffold for the presentation of the six CDRs (three from the heavy chain and three from the light chain) in three dimensional space, to form an antigen-binding surface.
Typically, CDRs form a loop structure that can be classified as a canonical structure. The term "canonical structure" refers to the main chain conformation that is adopted by the antigen binding (CDR) loops. From comparative structural studies, it has been found that five of the six n binding loops have only a limited oire of available mations. Each canonical structure can be characterized by the n angles of the polypeptide backbone.
Correspondent loops between antibodies may, ore, have very similar three dimensional 3O structures, despite high amino acid sequence variability in most parts of the loops (Chothia and Lesk, J. Mol. Biol., 1987, 196: 901; Chothia et al., Nature, 1989, 342: 877; Martin and Thornton, J. Mol. Biol, 1996, 263: 800, each of which is incorporated by nce in its entirety).
Furthermore, there is a relationship between the adopted loop structure and the amino acid sequences surrounding it. The conformation of a particular canonical class is determined by the length of the loop and the amino acid residues residing at key positions within the loop, as well as within the conserved framework (i.e., outside of the loop). Assignment to a particular canonical class can therefore be made based on the presence of these key amino acid residues. The term ical structure" may also include considerations as to the linear sequence of the antibody, for example, as catalogued by Kabat (Kabat et al., loc. cit.). The Kabat numbering scheme (system) is a widely d rd for numbering the amino acid residues of an antibody variable domain in a consistent manner and is the preferred scheme applied in the present invention as also mentioned elsewhere herein. Additional structural considerations can also be used to determine the canonical structure of an antibody. For example, those differences not fully reflected by Kabat numbering can be described by the numbering system of Chothia et al and/or revealed by other techniques, for example, llography and two or three-dimensional computational ng. Accordingly, a given antibody sequence may be placed into a canonical class which allows for, among other things, identifying riate chassis sequences (e.g., based on a desire to include a variety of canonical structures in a y). Kabat numbering of antibody amino acid sequences and structural considerations as described by Chothia et al., loc. cit. and their implications for construing canonical s of antibody structure, are described in the literature.
CDR3 is typically the greatest source of molecular ity within the antibody-binding site. H3, for example, can be as short as two amino acid residues or greater than 26 amino acids. The subunit ures and three-dimensional configurations of different s of immunoglobulins are well known in the art. For a review of the antibody structure, see Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, eds. Harlow et al., 1988. One of skill in the art will recognize that each subunit structure, e.g., a CH, VH, CL, VL, CDR, FR structure, comprises active fragments, e.g., the portion of the VH, VL, or CDR subunit the binds to the antigen, i.e., the n-binding fragment, or, e.g., the portion of the CH subunit that binds to and/or activates, e.g., an Fc receptor and/or complement. The CDRs typically refer to the Kabat CDRs, as bed in Sequences of Proteins of immunological lnterest, US Department of Health and Human Services , eds. Kabat et al. Another standard for characterizing the antigen binding site is to refer to the hypervariable loops as described by Chothia. See, e.g., Chothia, et al. (1987; J. Mol. Biol. 227:799-817); and Tomlinson et al. (1995) EMBO J. 14: 4628-4638. Still another rd is the AbM definition used by Oxford Molecular's AbM antibody modeling software. See, generally, e.g., Protein Sequence and Structure Analysis of Antibody Variable Domains. ln: Antibody Engineering Lab Manual (Ed.: Duebel, S. and Kontermann, R., Springer- Verlag, Heidelberg). Embodiments described with respect to Kabat CDRs can alternatively be 2012/072699 ented using similar described relationships with respect to Chothia hypervariable loops or to the AbM-defined loops.
The sequence of antibody genes after assembly and somatic mutation is highly varied, and these varied genes are estimated to encode 1010 different antibody molecules (lmmunoglobulin Genes, 2nd ed., eds. Jonio et al., ic Press, San Diego, CA, 1995). Accordingly, the immune system provides a repertoire of immunoglobulins. The term "repertoire" refers to at least one nucleotide sequence derived wholly or partially from at least one ce encoding at least one immunoglobulin. The sequence(s) may be generated by rearrangement in vivo of the V, D, and J segments of heavy chains, and the V and J segments of light chains.
Alternatively, the sequence(s) can be generated from a cell in response to which ngement occurs, e.g., in vitro stimulation. Alternatively, part or all of the sequence(s) may be obtained by DNA splicing, nucleotide synthesis, mutagenesis, and other methods, see, e.g., US. Patent ,565,332. A repertoire may e only one sequence or may include a plurality of ces, including ones in a genetically diverse collection.
In one embodiment, the first binding domain of the binding molecule of the invention comprises a VH region comprising , CDR-H2 and CDR-H3 and a VL region comprising CDR-L1, CDR-L2 and CDR-L3 selected from the group consisting of: (1) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 1, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 2, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 3, CDR-L1 as ed in SEQ ID NO: 4, CDR-L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 5 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 6; (2) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 11, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 12, CDR- H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 13, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 14, CDR-L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 15 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 16; (3) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 21, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 22, CDR- H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 23, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 24, CDR-L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 25 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 26; (4) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 31, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 32, CDR- H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 33, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 34, CDR-L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 35 and CDR-L3 as ed in SEQ ID NO: 36; (5) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 41, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 42, CDR- H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 43, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 44, CDR-L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 45 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 46; (6) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 51, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 52, CDR- H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 53, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 54, CDR-L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 55 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 56; (7) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 61, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 62, CDR- H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 63, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 64, CDR-L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 65 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 66; (8) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 71, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 72, CDR- H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 73, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 74, CDR-L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 75 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 76; (9) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 161, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 162, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 163, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 164, CDR- L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 165 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 166; (10) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 171, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 172, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 173, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 174, CDR- L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 175 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 176; (11) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 181, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 182, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 183, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 184, CDR- L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 185 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 186; (12) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 191, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 192, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 193, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 194, CDR- L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 195 and CDR-L3 as ed in SEQ ID NO: 196; (13) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 201, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 202, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 203, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 204, CDR- L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 205 and CDR-L3 as ed in SEQ ID NO: 206; (14) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 211, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 212, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 213, CDR-L1 as ed in SEQ ID NO:214 CDR- L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 215 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 216; (15) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 221, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 222, CDR-H3 as ed in SEQ ID NO: 223, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 224, CDR- L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 225 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 226; (16) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 311, CDR-H2 as ed in SEQ ID NO: 312, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 313, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 314, CDR- L2 as ed in SEQ ID NO: 315 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 316; 2012/072699 (17) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 321, CDR-H2 as ed in SEQ ID NO: 322, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 323, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 324, CDR- L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 325 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 326; (18) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 331, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 332, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 333, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 334, CDR- L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 335 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 336; (19) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 341, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 342, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 343, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 344, CDR- L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 345 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 346; (20) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 351, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 352, CDR-H3 as ed in SEQ ID NO: 353, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 354, CDR- L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 355 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 356; (21) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 361, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 362, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 363, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 364, CDR- L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 365 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 366; (22) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 371, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 372, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 373, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 374, CDR- L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 375 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 376; (23) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 381, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 382, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 383, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 384, CDR- L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 385 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 386; (24) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 581, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 582, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 583, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 584, CDR- L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 585 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 586; (25) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 591, CDR-H2 as ed in SEQ ID NO: 592, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 593, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 594, CDR- L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 595 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 596; (26) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 601, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 602, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 603, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 604, CDR- L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 605 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 606; (27) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 611, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 612, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 613, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 614, CDR- L2 as ed in SEQ ID NO: 615 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 616; (28) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 621, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 622, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 623, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 624, CDR- L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 625 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 626; (29) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 631, CDR-H2 as ed in SEQ ID NO: 632, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 633, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 634, CDR- L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 635 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 636; (30) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 641, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 642, CDR-H3 as ed in SEQ ID NO: 643, CDR-L1 as ed in SEQ ID NO: 644, CDR- L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 645 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 646; (31) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 651, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 652, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 653, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 654, CDR- L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 655 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 656; (32) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 661, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 662, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 663, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 664, CDR- L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 665 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 666; (33) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 671, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 672, CDR-H3 as ed in SEQ ID NO: 673, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 674, CDR- L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 675 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 676; (34) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 681, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 682, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 683, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 684, CDR- L2 as ed in SEQ ID NO: 685 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 686; (35) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 691, CDR-H2 as ed in SEQ ID NO: 692, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 693, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 694, CDR- L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 695 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 696; (33) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 701, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 702, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 703, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 704, CDR- L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 705 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 706; (37) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 711, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 712, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 713, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 714, CDR-L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 715 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 716; (38) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 721, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 722, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 723, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 724, CDR- L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 725 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 726; (39) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 731, CDR-H2 as ed in SEQ ID NO: 732, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 733, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 734, CDR- L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 735 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 736; (40) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 741, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 742, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 743, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 744, CDR- L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 745 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 746; (41) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 751, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 752, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 753, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 754, CDR- L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 755 and CDR-L3 as ed in SEQ ID NO: 756; (42) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 761, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 762, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 763, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 764, CDR- L2 as ed in SEQ ID NO: 765 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 766; (43) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 771, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 772, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 773, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 774, CDR- L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 775 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 776; (44) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 781, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 782, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 783, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 784, CDR- L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 785 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 786; (45) CDR-H1 as ed in SEQ ID NO: 791, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 792, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 793, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 794, CDR- L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 795 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 796; (46) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 801, CDR-H2 as ed in SEQ ID NO: 802, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 803, CDR-L1 as ed in SEQ ID NO: 804, CDR- L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 805 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 806; (47) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 811, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 812, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 813, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 814, CDR- L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 815 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 816; (48) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 821, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 822, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 823, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 824, CDR- L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 825 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 826; (49) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 831, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 832, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 833, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 834, CDR- L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 835 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 836; (50) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 961, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 962, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 963, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 964, CDR- L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 965 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 966; (51) CDR-H1 as ed in SEQ ID NO: 971, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 972, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 973, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 974, CDR- L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 975 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 976; (52) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 981, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 982, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 983, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 984, CDR- L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 985 and CDR-L3 as ed in SEQ ID NO: 986; and (53) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 991, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 992, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 993, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 994, CDR- L2 as ed in SEQ ID NO: 995 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 996.
In yet another embodiment, the first binding domain of the binding molecule comprises a VH region selected from the group ting of a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 37, SEQ ID NO: 47, SEQ ID NO: 57, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 77, SEQ ID NO: 167, SEQ ID NO: 177, SEQ ID NO: 187, SEQ ID NO: 197, SEQID NO: 207, SEQID NO: 217, SEQID NO: 227, SEQID NO: 317, SEQID NO: 327, SEQ ID NO: 337, SEQ ID NO: 347, SEQ ID NO: 357, SEQ ID NO: 367, SEQ ID NO: 377, SEQ ID NO: 387, SEQ ID NO: 587, SEQ ID NO: 597, SEQ ID NO: 607, SEQ ID NO: 617, SEQID NO: 627, SEQID NO: 637, SEQID NO: 647, SEQID NO: 657, SEQID NO: 667, SEQID NO: 677, SEQID NO: 687, SEQID NO: 697, SEQID NO: 707, SEQID NO: 717, SEQ ID NO: 727, SEQ ID NO: 737, SEQ ID NO: 747, SEQ ID NO: 757, SEQ ID NO: 767, SEQ ID NO: 777, SEQ ID NO: 787, SEQ ID NO: 797, SEQ ID NO: 807, SEQ ID NO: 817, SEQ ID NO: 827, SEQ ID NO: 837, SEQ ID NO: 967, SEQ ID NO: 977, SEQ ID NO: 987, and SEQ ID NO: 997.
In another embodiment, the first binding domain of the binding molecule comprises a VL region selected from the group consisting of a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID in SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 38, SEQ ID NO: 48, SEQ ID NO: 58, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 78, SEQ ID NO: 168, SEQ ID NO: 178, SEQ ID NO: 188, SEQ ID NO: 198, SEQID NO: 208, SEQID NO:218, SEQID NO: 228, SEQID NO: 318, SEQID NO: 328, SEQ ID NO: 338, SEQ ID NO: 348, SEQ ID NO: 358, SEQ ID NO: 368, SEQ ID NO: 378, SEQ ID NO: 388, SEQ ID NO: 588, SEQ ID NO: 598, SEQ ID NO: 608, SEQ ID NO: 618, SEQID NO: 628, SEQID NO: 638, SEQID NO: 648, SEQID NO: 658, SEQID NO: 668, SEQ ID NO: 678, SEQ ID NO: 688, SEQ ID NO: 698, SEQ ID NO: 708, SEQ ID NO: 718, SEQ ID NO: 728, SEQ ID NO: 738, SEQ ID NO: 748, SEQ ID NO: 758, SEQ ID NO: 768, SEQ ID NO: 778, SEQ ID NO: 788, SEQ ID NO: 798, SEQ ID NO: 808, SEQ ID NO: 818, SEQ ID NO: 828, SEQ ID NO: 838, SEQ ID NO: 968, SEQ ID NO: 978, SEQ ID NO: 988, and SEQ ID NO: 998.
In one embodiment, the first binding domain of the binding molecule comprises a VH region and a VL region selected from the group consisting of: (1) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 7, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 8; (2) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 17, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 18; (3) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 27, and a VL region as ed in SEQ ID NO: 28; (4) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 37, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 38; (5) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 47, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 48; (6) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 57, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 58; (7) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 67, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 68; (8) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 77, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 78; (9) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 167, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 168; (10) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 177, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 178; (11) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 187, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 188; (12) a VH region as ed in SEQ ID NO: 197, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 198; (13) a VH region as ed in SEQ ID NO: 207, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 208; (14) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 217, and VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 218; (15) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 227, and VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 228; (16) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 317, and VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 318; (17) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 327, and VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 328; (18) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 337, and VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 338; (19) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 347, and VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 348; (20) a VH region as ed in SEQ ID NO: 357, and VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 358; (21) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 367, and VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 368; (22) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 377, and VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 378; (23) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 387, and VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 388; (24) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 587, and VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 588; (25) a VH region as ed in SEQ ID NO: 597, and VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 598; (26) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 607, and VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 608; (27) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 617, and VL region as ed in SEQ ID NO: 618; (28) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 627, and VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 628; (29) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 637, and VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 638; (30) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 647, and VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 648; (31) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 657, and VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 658; (32) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 667, and VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 668; (33) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 677, and VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 678; (34) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 687, and VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 688; (35) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 697, and VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 698; (33) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 707, and VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 708; (37) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 717, and VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 718; (38) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 727, and VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 728; (39) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 737, and VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 738; (40) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 747, and VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 748; (41) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 757, and VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 758; (42) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 767, and VL region as ed in SEQ ID NO: 768; (43) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 777, and VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 778; (44) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 787, and VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 788; (45) a VH region as ed in SEQ ID NO: 797, and VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 798; (43) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 807, and VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 808; (47) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 817, and VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 818; (48) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 827, and VL region as ed in SEQ ID NO: 828; (49) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 837, and VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 838; (50) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 967, and VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 968; (51) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 977, and VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 978; (52) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 987, and VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 988; and (53) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 997, and VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 998.
In one example, the first binding domain ses an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 39, SEQ ID NO: 49, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 69, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 169, SEQ ID NO: 179, SEQ ID NO: 189, SEQ ID NO: 199, SEQ ID NO: 209, SEQ ID NO: 219, SEQ ID NO: 229, SEQ ID NO: 319, SEQ ID NO: 329, SEQ ID NO: 339, SEQ ID NO: 349, SEQ ID NO: 359, SEQ ID NO: 369, SEQ ID NO: 379, SEQ ID NO: 389, SEQ ID NO: 589, SEQ ID NO: 599, SEQ ID NO: 609, SEQ ID NO: 619, SEQ ID NO: 629, SEQ ID NO: 639, SEQ ID NO: 649, SEQ ID NO: 659, SEQ ID NO: 669, SEQ ID NO: 679, SEQ ID NO: 689, SEQ ID NO: 699, SEQ ID NO: 709, SEQ ID NO: 719, SEQ ID NO: 729, SEQ ID NO: 739, SEQ ID NO: 749, SEQ ID NO: 759, SEQ ID NO: 769, SEQ ID NO: 779, SEQ ID NO: 789, SEQ ID NO: 799, SEQ ID NO: 809, SEQ ID NO: 819, SEQ ID NO: 829, SEQ ID NO: 839, SEQ ID NO: 969, SEQ ID NO: 979, SEQ ID NO: 989, and SEQ ID NO: 999.
It is preferred that a binding molecule of the present invention has a CDR-H3 region of 12 amino acids in length, wherein a tyrosine (Y) residue is present at position 3, 4 and 12. A preferred CDR-H3 is shown in SEQ ID NOs: 43, 193, 333, 613, 703, 733, 823, or 973. Accordingly, a 3O binding molecule of the present invention has in a red ment a CDR-H3 shown in of SEQ ID NOs: 43, 193, 333,613, 703, 733, 823, or 973.
Preferred is a binding molecule having the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 340.
Also preferred is a binding molecule having the amino acid sequence shown in or SEQ ID NO: 980.
The binding molecule of the present invention is ably an “isolated” binding molecule.
"Isolated" when used to describe the binding molecule disclosed herein, means a binding le that has been identified, separated and/or red from a component of its production environment. Preferably, the isolated binding molecule is free of association with all other components from its tion environment. inant components of its tion environment, such as that resulting from recombinant transfected cells, are materials that would typically ere with diagnostic or eutic uses for the polypeptide, and may include enzymes, es, and other proteinaceous or oteinaceous solutes. In preferred embodiments, the binding molecule will be purified (1) to a degree sufficient to obtain at least 15 residues of N-terminal or internal amino acid sequence by use of a spinning cup sequenator, or (2) to homogeneity by SDS-PAGE under non-reducing or reducing conditions using Coomassie blue or, preferably, silver stain. Ordinarily, however, an isolated antibody will be prepared by at least one purification step.
Amino acid sequence modifications of the binding molecules described herein are contemplated. For example, it may be desirable to improve the binding affinity and/or other biological properties of the antibody. Amino acid sequence variants of the binding molecules are prepared by introducing appropriate nucleotide changes into the binding molecules nucleic acid, or by peptide synthesis.
Such modifications e, for example, deletions from, and/or insertions into, and/or tutions of, residues within the amino acid sequences of the binding molecules. Any combination of deletion, insertion, and substitution is made to arrive at the final construct, provided that the final construct possesses the desired characteristics. The amino acid changes also may alter post-translational processes of the binding molecules, such as changing the number or position of glycosylation sites. Preferably, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acids may be substituted in a CDR, while 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, , or 25 amino acids may be substituted in the framework s (FRs). The substitutions are preferably conservative substitutions as described herein. Additionally or atively, 1, 2, 3, 4, 3O 5, or 6 amino acids may be inserted or deleted in each of the CDRs (of course, dependent on their length), while 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, or 25 amino acids may be inserted or deleted in each of the FRs.
A useful method for identification of certain residues or regions of the binding les that are preferred locations for nesis is called "alanine scanning mutagenesis" as described by gham and Wells in Science, 244: 1081-1085 (1989). Here, a residue or group of target residues within the binding molecule is/are fied (e.g. charged es such as arg, asp, his, lys, and glu) and replaced by a neutral or negatively charged amino acid (most preferably alanine or polyalanine) to affect the interaction of the amino acids with the epitope.
Those amino acid locations demonstrating functional sensitivity to the substitutions then are refined by introducing further or other variants at, or for, the sites of substitution. Thus, while the site for introducing an amino acid sequence variation is predetermined, the nature of the mutation per se needs not to be predetermined. For example, to analyze the mance of a mutation at a given site, ala scanning or random mutagenesis is conducted at a target codon or region and the expressed binding molecule variants are screened for the desired activity.
Preferably, amino acid sequence insertions include amino- and/or carboxyl-terminal fusions ranging in length from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 residues to polypeptides containing a hundred or more residues, as well as intrasequence insertions of single or multiple amino acid residues. An insertional variant of the binding le includes the fusion to the N-or C- terminus of the dy to an enzyme or a fusion to a polypeptide which increases the serum half-life of the antibody.
Another type of variant is an amino acid substitution variant. These variants have preferably at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 amino acid residues in the binding le replaced by a different e. The sites of greatest interest for substitutional mutagenesis include the CDRs of the heavy and/or light chain, in particular the hypervariable s, but FR alterations in the heavy and/or light chain are also contemplated.
For example, if a CDR sequence encompasses 6 amino acids, it is ged that one, two or three of these amino acids are substituted. Similarly, if a CDR sequence encompasses 15 amino acids it is envisaged that one, two, three, four, five or six of these amino acids are substituted.
Generally, if amino acids are substituted in one or more or all of the CDRs of the heavy and/or light chain, it is preferred that the then-obtained “substituted” sequence is at least 60%, more preferably 65%, even more preferably 70%, ularly ably 75%, more particularly preferably 80% cal to the “original” CDR sequence. This means that it is dependent of the length of the CDR to which degree it is identical to the “substituted” sequence. For example, a CDR having 5 amino acids is preferably 80% identical to its substituted sequence in order to have at least one amino acid substituted. Accordingly, the CDRs of the g le may have different degrees of identity to their substituted sequences, e.g., CDRL1 may have 80%, while CDRL3 may have 90%.
Preferred substitutions (or replacements) are conservative substitutions. However, any substitution (including non-conservative substitution or one or more from the “exemplary substitutions” listed in Table 1, below) is envisaged as long as the binding le retains its capability to bind to BCMA via the first binding domain and to CD3 epsilon via the second binding domain and/or its CDRs have an identity to the then substituted sequence (at least 60%, more preferably 65%, even more ably 70%, particularly preferably 75%, more particularly preferably 80% identical to the “original” CDR sequence).
Conservative substitutions are shown in Table 1under the g of "preferred substitutions". If such substitutions result in a change in biological activity, then more substantial changes, denominated "exemplary substitutions" in Table 1, or as further described below in nce to amino acid classes, may be introduced and the products screened for a d characteristic.
Table 1: Amino Acid Substitutions tyr, phe tyr trp, phe, thr, ser phe Val (V) ile, leu, met, phe, ala leu Substantial modifications in the biological properties of the binding molecule of the present invention are accomplished by selecting tutions that differ significantly in their effect on maintaining (a) the structure of the polypeptide backbone in the area of the substitution, for example, as a sheet or helical conformation, (b) the charge or hydrophobicity of the molecule at the target site, or (c) the bulk of the side chain. Naturally occurring residues are divided into groups based on common side-chain ties: (1) hydrophobic: norleucine, met, ala, val, leu, lie; (2) neutral hydrophilic: cys, ser, thr; (3) acidic: asp, glu; (4) basic: asn, gin, his, lys, arg; (5) residues that influence chain orientation: gly, pro; and (6) aromatic : trp, tyr, phe.
Non-conservative tutions will entail exchanging a member of one of these classes for another class. Any cysteine residue not involved in maintaining the proper conformation of the binding molecule may be substituted, generally with serine, to e the oxidative stability of the le and prevent nt inking. Conversely, ne bond(s) may be added to the antibody to improve its stability (particularly where the antibody is an antibody fragment such as an Fv fragment).
A particularly preferred type of substitutional variant involves substituting one or more hypervariable region residues of a parent antibody (e. g. a humanized or human antibody).
Generally, the resulting variant(s) ed for r development will have improved biological ties relative to the parent antibody from which they are generated. A convenient way for generating such substitutional variants involves affinity maturation using phage display. Briefly, several hypervariable region sites (e. g. 6-7 sites) are mutated to generate all possible amino acid substitutions at each site. The antibody variants thus generated are displayed in a monovalent fashion from filamentous phage particles as fusions to the gene lll product of M13 packaged within each particle. The phage-displayed variants are then screened for their biological activity (e. g. binding ty) as herein disclosed. In order to identify candidate hypervariable region sites for modification, alanine scanning mutagenesis can be performed to identify hypervariable region residues contributing icantly to antigen binding. Alternatively, or additionally, it may be beneficial to analyze a crystal structure of the antigen-antibody complex to identify contact points between the binding domain and, e.g., human BCMA. Such contact residues and neighbouring residues are candidates for tution according to the techniques elaborated herein. Once such variants are generated, the panel of variants is subjected to screening as described herein and antibodies with or ties in one or more relevant assays may be selected for further development.
Other modifications of the g molecule are contemplated herein. For example, the binding molecule may be linked to one of a variety of non-proteinaceous polymers, e.g., polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyoxyalkylenes, or copolymers of hylene glycol and polypropylene glycol. The binding molecule may also be entrapped in microcapsules prepared, for example, by coacervation ques or by interfacial polymerization (for example, hydroxymethylcellulose or gelatine-microcapsules and poly (methylmethacylate) microcapsules, respectively), in colloidal drug ry systems (for example, liposomes, albumin microspheres, microemulsions, nanoparticles and nanocapsules), or in macroemulsions. Such techniques are disclosed in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 16th edition, Oslo, A., Ed., (1980).
The binding molecules disclosed herein may also be formulated as immuno-liposomes. A "liposome" is a small vesicle composed of various types of lipids, phospholipids and/or surfactant which is useful for delivery of a drug to a . The ents of the liposome are commonly ed in a bilayer formation, similar to the lipid arrangement of ical membranes. Liposomes containing the antibody are prepared by methods known in the art, such as described in Epstein et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 82: 3688 (1985); Hwang et al.
Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 77: 4030 (1980); US Pat. Nos. 045 and 4,544,545; and W0 97/38731 published October 23, 1997. Liposomes with enhanced circulation time are disclosed in US Patent No. 5,013, 556. Particularly useful liposomes can be generated by the reverse phase evaporation method with a lipid composition comprising phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol and PEG-derivatized phosphatidylethanolamine (PEG-PE). mes are extruded 3O through s of defined pore size to yield liposomes with the desired diameter. Fab' fragments of the antibody of the present invention can be conjugated to the liposomes as described in Martin et al. J. Biol. Chem. 257: 286-288 (1982) via a disulfide hange reaction. A chemotherapeutic agent is optionally contained within the liposome. See Gabizon et al. J.
National Cancer Inst. 81 (19) 1484 (1989).
When using recombinant techniques, the binding molecule can be produced intracellularly, in the periplasmic space, or directly secreted into the medium. If the binding molecule is produced intracellularly, as a first step, the particulate debris, either host cells or lysed fragments, are removed, for example, by centrifugation or ultrafiltration. Carter et a/., Bio/Technology 10: 163- 167 (1992) describe a procedure for isolating antibodies which are secreted to the periplasmic space of E. coli.
The binding molecule composition prepared from the cells can be purified using, for example, hydroxylapatite chromatography, gel electrophoresis, dialysis, and affinity chromatography, with affinity chromatography being the preferred purification technique.
In a further aspect, the t ion relates to a nucleic acid sequence encoding a binding molecule of the invention. The term “nucleic acid” is well known to the skilled person and encompasses DNA (such as cDNA) and RNA (such as mRNA). The nucleic acid can be double stranded and single stranded, linear and circular. Said nucleic acid le is preferably comprised in a vector which is preferably comprised in a host cell. Said host cell is, e.g. after transformation or ection with the nucleic acid ce of the invention, e of expressing the binding molecule. For that purpose the nucleic acid molecule is operatively linked with control sequences.
A vector is a nucleic acid molecule used as a vehicle to er (foreign) genetic al into a cell. The term r” encompasses — but is not restricted to — plasmids, viruses, cosmids and artificial chromosomes. In general, engineered vectors comprise an origin of replication, a multicloning site and a selectable marker. The vector itself is generally a tide sequence, commonly a DNA sequence, that comprises an insert (transgene) and a larger ce that serves as the "backbone" of the vector. Modern vectors may encompass additional features besides the transgene insert and a backbone: er, genetic marker, antibiotic resistance, reporter gene, targeting sequence, protein purification tag. Vectors called expression vectors (expression constructs) specifically are for the expression of the ene in the target cell, and generally have control sequences such as a promoter sequence that drives expression of the transgene. Insertion of a vector into the target cell is usually called “transformation” for ial cells, “transfection” for eukaryotic cells, gh insertion of a viral vector is also called “transduction”.
As used herein, the term "host cell" is ed to refer to a cell into which a c acid encoding the binding molecule of the invention is uced by way of transformation, ection and the like. It should be understood that such terms refer not only to the particular subject cell but to the progeny or potential y of such a cell. Because certain modifications may occur in succeeding generations due to either mutation or environmental influences, such progeny may not, in fact, be identical to the parent cell, but are still included within the scope of the term as used herein.
As used herein, the term "expression" includes any step involved in the production of a binding molecule of the invention including, but not limited to, transcription, post-transcriptional modification, translation, post-translational modification, and secretion.
The term "control sequences" refers to DNA ces necessary for the expression of an operably linked coding sequence in a particular host organism. The control sequences that are suitable for prokaryotes, for example, e a promoter, optionally an operator sequence, and a ribosome binding site. Eukaryotic cells are known to utilize promoters, polyadenylation signals, and ers.
A nucleic acid is "operably linked" when it is placed into a functional relationship with another nucleic acid sequence. For example, DNA for a presequence or secretory leader is operably linked to DNA for a polypeptide if it is expressed as a preprotein that participates in the secretion of the polypeptide; a promoter or enhancer is operably linked to a coding sequence if it affects the ription of the sequence; or a me binding site is operably linked to a coding sequence if it is positioned so as to facilitate translation. Generally, "operably linked" means that the DNA sequences being linked are contiguous, and, in the case of a secretory leader, contiguous and in reading phase. However, ers do not have to be contiguous.
Linking is accomplished by ligation at convenient ction sites. If such sites do not exist, the synthetic oligonucleotide rs or linkers are used in accordance with conventional practice. 3O The terms "host cell," "target cell" or "recipient cell" are intended to include any individual cell or cell culture that can be or has/have been recipients for vectors or the incorporation of exogenous c acid molecules, polynucleotides and/or ns. It also is intended to include progeny of a single cell, and the progeny may not necessarily be completely cal (in morphology or in genomic or total DNA complement) to the original parent cell due to natural, accidental, or deliberate mutation. The cells may be prokaryotic or eukaryotic, and include but are not limited to bacterial cells, yeast cells, animal cells, and mammalian cells, e.g., , rat, macaque or human. le host cells include prokaryotes and eukaryotic host cells including yeasts, fungi, insect cells and mammalian cells.
The binding molecule of the invention can be produced in bacteria. After sion, the binding molecule of the invention, preferably the binding molecule is ed from the E. coli cell paste in a soluble fraction and can be purified through, e.g., affinity chromatography and/or size exclusion. Final purification can be carried out similar to the process for purifying antibody expressed e. g, in CHO cells.
In on to yotes, eukaryotic microbes such as filamentous fungi or yeast are suitable cloning or expression hosts for the binding le of the ion. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, or common baker's yeast, is the most commonly used among lower eukaryotic host rganisms. However, a number of other genera, species, and strains are commonly available and useful herein, such as Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Kluyveromyces hosts such as, e.g., K. lactis, K. fragilis (ATCC 12424), K. bulgaricus (ATCC 16045), K. wickeramii (ATCC 24178), K. wa/tii (ATCC 56500), K. drosophilarum (ATCC 36906), K. thermoto/erans, and K. marxianus; yarrowia (EP 402 226); Pichia pastoris (EP 183 070); Candida; Trichoderma reesia (EP 244 234); Neurospora crassa; Schwanniomyces such as Schwanniomyces occidental/s; and filamentous fungi such as, e.g., Neurospora, Penicillium, Tolypocladium, and Aspergillus hosts such as A. nidulans and A. niger.
Suitable host cells for the expression of glycosylated binding molecule of the invention, preferably antibody derived binding molecules are derived from multicellular organisms.
Examples of invertebrate cells include plant and insect cells. Numerous viral strains and variants and corresponding permissive insect host cells from hosts such as Spodoptera frugiperda pillar), Aedes aegypti (mosquito), Aedes ctus (mosquito), Drosophi/a melanogaster (fruit fly), and Bombyx mori have been identified. A variety of viral strains for transfection are publicly available, e. g. the L-1 variant of Autographa californica NPV and the Bm-5 strain of Bombyx mori NPV, and such viruses may be used as the virus herein ing to the present invention, particularly for transfection of Spodoptera frugiperda cells.
WO 72406 Plant cell es of cotton, corn, potato, soybean, petunia, tomato, Arabidopsis and tobacco can also be utilized as hosts. Cloning and expression vectors useful in the production of proteins in plant cell culture are known to those of skill in the art. See e.g. Hiatt et al., Nature (1989) 342: 76-78, Owen et al. (1992) Bio/Technology 10: 4, Artsaenko et al. (1995) The Plant J 8: 745-750, and Fecker etal. (1996) Plant Mol Biol 32: 979-986.
However, interest has been st in vertebrate cells, and ation of vertebrate cells in culture (tissue culture) has become a routine procedure. Examples of useful mammalian host cell lines are monkey kidney CV1 line transformed by SV40 (COS-7, ATCC CRL 1651); human embryonic kidney line (293 or 293 cells subcloned for growth in sion culture, Graham et al. J. Gen Virol. 36 : 59 (1977)); baby hamster kidney cells (BHK, ATCC CCL , 10); Chinese hamster ovary cells/-DHFR (CHO, Urlaub et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77: 4216 (1980)); mouse sertoli cells (TM4, Mather, Biol. Reprod. 23: 243-251 (1980)); monkey kidney cells (CVl ATCC CCL 70); African green monkey kidney cells (VERO-76, ATCC CRL1587) ; human cervical carcinoma cells (HELA, ATCC CCL 2); canine kidney cells (MDCK, ATCC CCL 34); o rat liver cells (BRL 3A, ATCC CRL 1442); human lung cells (W138, ATCC CCL 75); human liver cells (Hep G2,1413 8065); mouse mammary tumor (MMT 060562, ATCC CCL5 1); TRI cells (Mather et al., Annals N. Y Acad. Sci. 383 : 44-68 (1982) ) ; MRC 5 cells; F84 cells; and a human hepatoma line (Hep G2).
When using recombinant techniques, the binding molecule of the invention can be produced intracellularly, in the asmic space, or directly secreted into the medium. If the binding molecule is produced intracellularly, as a first step, the particulate debris, either host cells or lysed fragments, are removed, for example, by centrifugation or ultrafiltration. Carter et al., chnology 10: 163-167 (1992) describe a procedure for isolating antibodies which are secreted to the periplasmic space of E. coli. Briefly, cell paste is thawed in the presence of sodium acetate (pH 3.5), EDTA, and methylsulfonylfluoride (PMSF) over about 30 min.
Cell debris can be removed by centrifugation. Where the dy is secreted into the medium, supernatants from such expression systems are generally first concentrated using a commercially available protein concentration filter, for example, an Amicon or Millipore Pellicon ultrafiltration unit. A protease inhibitor such as PMSF may be included in any of the foregoing steps to inhibit proteolysis and antibiotics may be included to prevent the growth of itious contaminants.
WO 72406 The binding molecule of the invention prepared from the host cells can be purified using, for example, hydroxylapatite chromatography, gel electrophoresis, dialysis, and affinity chromatography, with ty chromatography being the preferred purification que.
The matrix to which the affinity ligand is attached is most often e, but other matrices are available. ically stable matrices such as controlled pore glass or poly (styrenedivinyl) benzene allow for faster flow rates and r processing times than can be achieved with agarose. Where the binding molecule of the ion comprises a CH3 domain, the Bakerbond ABXMresin (J. T. Baker, Phillipsburg, NJ) is useful for purification. Other techniques for protein cation such as fractionation on an ion-exchange column, ethanol precipitation, Reverse Phase HPLC, chromatography on silica, chromatography on heparin SEPHAROSETM chromatography on an anion or cation exchange resin (such as a polyaspartic acid column), chromato-focusing, SDS-PAGE, and ammonium sulfate precipitation are also available depending on the antibody to be recovered.
In another , processes are provided for producing binding molecules of the invention, said processes comprising culturing a host cell defined herein under conditions allowing the expression of the g molecule and ring the produced binding molecule from the culture.
The term "culturing" refers to the in vitro maintenance, differentiation, growth, eration and/or propagation of cells under suitable conditions in a medium.
In an alternative embodiment, compositions are provided comprising a binding molecule of the invention, or produced according to the process of the invention. Preferably, said composition is a pharmaceutical composition.
As used herein, the term “pharmaceutical composition” relates to a composition for administration to a patient, preferably a human patient. The particular preferred pharmaceutical 3O composition of this invention comprises the binding molecule of the invention. Preferably, the pharmaceutical ition comprises suitable formulations of carriers, stabilizers and/or excipients. In a red embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition comprises a composition for parenteral, transdermal, intraluminal, rterial, intrathecal and/or intranasal administration or by direct injection into tissue. It is in particular envisaged that said composition is administered to a patient via on or injection. Administration of the suitable compositions may be effected by different ways, e.g., by intravenous, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, topical or intradermal administration. In particular, the present invention provides for an uninterrupted administration of the suitable composition. As a non-limiting example, uninterrupted, i.e. continuous administration may be realized by a small pump system worn by the patient for metering the influx of therapeutic agent into the body of the patient. The pharmaceutical composition sing the binding molecule of the invention can be administered by using said pump systems. Such pump systems are generally known in the art, and commonly rely on periodic exchange of cartridges containing the therapeutic agent to be infused. When ging the cartridge in such a pump system, a temporary interruption of the othenNise uninterrupted flow of therapeutic agent into the body of the patient may ensue. In such a case, the phase of stration prior to cartridge replacement and the phase of administration following cartridge replacement would still be considered within the meaning of the pharmaceutical means and methods of the invention together make up one “uninterrupted administration” of such therapeutic agent.
The continuous or uninterrupted stration of these binding molecules of the invention may be intravenous or subcutaneous by way of a fluid delivery device or small pump system including a fluid driving ism for driving fluid out of a reservoir and an actuating mechanism for actuating the driving ism. Pump systems for subcutaneous administration may include a needle or a cannula for penetrating the skin of a patient and ring the le composition into the patient’s body. Said pump s may be directly fixed or attached to the skin of the patient independently of a vein, artery or blood vessel, thereby allowing a direct contact between the pump system and the skin of the patient. The pump system can be attached to the skin of the patient for 24 hours up to several days. The pump system may be of small size with a oir for small volumes. As a non-limiting example, the volume of the oir for the le pharmaceutical composition to be stered can be between 0.1 and 50 ml.
The continuous administration may be transdermal by way of a patch worn on the skin and 3O replaced at intervals. One of skill in the art is aware of patch systems for drug delivery suitable for this purpose. It is of note that transdermal administration is especially amenable to uninterrupted administration, as exchange of a first exhausted patch can advantageously be lished simultaneously with the placement of a new, second patch, for example on the surface of the skin immediately adjacent to the first exhausted patch and immediately prior to removal of the first exhausted patch. Issues of flow interruption or power cell failure do not arise.
The inventive compositions may r comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
Examples of suitable pharmaceutical carriers are well known in the art and e solutions, e.g. phosphate buffered saline solutions, water, emulsions, such as oil/water emulsions, various types of wetting agents, sterile solutions, liposomes, etc. Compositions comprising such carriers can be formulated by well known conventional methods. Formulations can se carbohydrates, buffer solutions, amino acids and/or tants. Carbohydrates may be non- reducing sugars, preferably trehalose, sucrose, octasulfate, sorbitol or xylitol. In general, as used herein, "pharmaceutically acceptable carrier" means any and all solvents, dispersion media, coatings, antibacterial and antifungal agents, isotonic and absorption delaying agents, ible with pharmaceutical administration. The use of such media and agents for pharmaceutically active substances is well known in the art. Acceptable carriers, excipients, or stabilizers are nontoxic to recipients at the dosages and concentrations ed and include: additional buffering agents; preservatives; vents; idants, including ascorbic acid and methionine; ing agents such as EDTA; metal complexes (e.g., Zn-protein complexes); biodegradable polymers, such as polyesters; salt-forming r-ions, such as sodium, polyhydric sugar alcohols; amino acids, such as alanine, glycine, asparagine, 2—phenylalanine, and threonine; sugars or sugar alcohols, such as trehalose, sucrose, octasulfate, sorbitol or xylitol stachyose, e, sorbose, xylose, ribose, myoinisitose, galactose, lactitol, ribitol, myoinisitol, galactitol, glycerol, cyclitols (e.g., ol), polyethylene glycol; sulfur containing reducing agents, such as glutathione, thioctic acid, sodium thioglycolate, ycerol, [alpha]- monothioglycerol, and sodium thio e; low molecular weight ns, such as human serum albumin, bovine serum n, gelatin, or other immunoglobulins; and hydrophilic polymers, such as polyvinylpyrrolidone. Such formulations may be used for continuous administrations which may be intravenuous or subcutaneous with and/or without pump systems. Amino acids may be d amino acids, preferably lysine, lysine acetate, arginine, glutamate and/or histidine. Surfactants may be detergents, preferably with a molecular weight of >1.2 KD and/or a polyether, preferably with a molecular weight of >3 KD. Non-limiting examples for preferred detergents are Tween 20, Tween 40, Tween 60, Tween 80 or Tween 85. Non-limiting es 3O for preferred polyethers are PEG 3000, PEG 3350, PEG 4000 or PEG 5000. Buffer systems used in the present invention can have a preferred pH of 5-9 and may comprise citrate, succinate, phosphate, histidine and acetate.
The compositions of the present invention can be administered to the t at a suitable dose which can be determined e.g. by dose escalating studies by administration of increasing doses of the polypeptide of the invention ting species specificity described herein to non- chimpanzee primates, for instance macaques. As set forth above, the binding molecule of the invention exhibiting cross-species specificity described herein can be ageously used in identical form in preclinical testing in non-chimpanzee primates and as drug in humans. These compositions can also be administered in combination with other proteinaceous and non- proteinaceous drugs. These drugs may be administered simultaneously with the composition comprising the polypeptide of the invention as defined herein or separately before or after administration of said polypeptide in timely defined intervals and doses. The dosage regimen will be determined by the attending ian and clinical factors. As is well known in the medical arts, dosages for any one patient depend upon many factors, including the patient's size, body surface area, age, the particular compound to be administered, sex, time and route of administration, general health, and other drugs being administered concurrently.
Preparations for parenteral administration include e aqueous or non-aqueous ons, suspensions, and emulsions. Examples of ueous solvents are propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, vegetable oils such as olive oil, and injectable organic esters such as ethyl oleate. s carriers include water, alcoholic/aqueous solutions, emulsions or suspensions, including saline and buffered media. Parenteral vehicles include sodium chloride on, Ringer's se, dextrose and sodium chloride, ed Ringer's, or fixed oils. Intravenous vehicles include fluid and nutrient replenishers, electrolyte replenishers (such as those based on Ringer's dextrose), and the like. Preservatives and other additives may also be present such as, for example, antimicrobials, anti-oxidants, chelating agents, inert gases and the like. In addition, the composition of the present invention might comprise proteinaceous carriers, like, e.g., serum albumin or immunoglobulin, preferably of human origin. It is envisaged that the composition of the invention might comprise, in addition to the polypeptide of the ion defined herein, further biologically active agents, depending on the ed use of the composition. Such agents might be drugs acting on the gastro-intestinal system, drugs acting as cytostatica, drugs preventing hyperurikemia, drugs inhibiting immunoreactions (e.g. corticosteroids), drugs ting the inflammatory response, drugs acting on the circulatory system and/or agents such as nes known in the art. It is also envisaged that the binding 3O molecule of the present invention is applied in a co-therapy, i.e., in combination with another anti-cancer medicament.
The biological activity of the pharmaceutical composition defined herein can be determined for instance by cytotoxicity assays, as described in the following es, in WO 99/54440 or by Schlereth et al. (Cancer l. ther. 20 , 1-12). “Efficacy” or “in vivo efficacy“ WO 72406 as used herein refers to the response to therapy by the pharmaceutical composition of the ion, using e.g. standardized NCI response criteria. The success or in vivo efficacy of the therapy using a pharmaceutical composition of the invention refers to the effectiveness of the composition for its intended purpose, i.e. the ability of the composition to cause its desired effect, i.e. depletion of pathologic cells, e.g. tumor cells. The in vivo efficacy may be monitored by established standard methods for the respective disease entities including, but not limited to white blood cell counts, differentials, scence ted Cell g, bone marrow aspiration. In addition, various disease specific clinical chemistry parameters and other established standard methods may be used. Furthermore, computer-aided tomography, X—ray, nuclear magnetic resonance tomography (e.g. for National Cancer Institute-criteria based se assessment [Cheson BD, Horning SJ, Coiffier B, Shipp MA, Fisher Rl, Connors JM, Lister TA, Vose J, Grillo-Lopez A, Hagenbeek A, Cabanillas F, nsten D, ann W, Castellino R, Harris NL, Armitage JO, Carter W, Hoppe R, Canellos GP. Report of an international workshop to standardize response criteria for dgkin's lymphomas. NCI Sponsored International Working Group. J Clin Oncol. 1999 Apr;17(4):1244]), positron-emission tomography ng, white blood cell counts, differentials, Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting, bone marrow aspiration, lymph node biopsies/histologies, and various lymphoma ic clinical chemistry parameters (e.g. lactate dehydrogenase) and other established rd methods may be used.
Another major challenge in the development of drugs such as the ceutical composition of the invention is the predictable modulation of pharmacokinetic properties. To this end, a pharmacokinetic profile of the drug candidate, Le. a profile of the pharmacokinetic parameters that affect the ability of a particular drug to treat a given condition, can be ished.
Pharmacokinetic parameters of the drug influencing the ability of a drug for treating a certain disease entity include, but are not limited to: half-life, volume of distribution, hepatic pass metabolism and the degree of blood serum binding. The efficacy of a given drug agent can be influenced by each of the parameters mentioned above. 3O “Half-life" means the time where 50% of an administered drug are eliminated through biological processes, e.g. metabolism, excretion, etc.
By "hepatic first-pass metabolism" is meant the propensity of a drug to be metabolized upon first contact with the liver, i.e. during its first pass through the liver.
“Volume of distribution" means the degree of retention of a drug hout the various compartments of the body, like e.g. intracellular and extracellular spaces, tissues and organs, etc. and the distribution of the drug within these compartments.
“Degree of blood serum binding" means the propensity of a drug to interact with and bind to blood serum proteins, such as albumin, leading to a ion or loss of biological activity of the drug.
Pharmacokinetic parameters also include bioavailability, lag time (Tlag), Tmax, absorption rates, more onset and/or Cmax for a given amount of drug administered. “Bioavailability” means the amount of a drug in the blood compartment. “Lag time" means the time delay between the administration of the drug and its ion and measurability in blood or .
“Tmax” is the time after which maximal blood tration of the drug is reached, and “Cmax” is the blood concentration maximally obtained with a given drug. The time to reach a blood or tissue concentration of the drug which is required for its biological effect is influenced by all parameters. Pharmacokinetic parameters of bispecific single chain antibodies exhibiting cross- species specificity, which may be determined in preclinical animal g in non-chimpanzee primates as ed above, are also set forth e.g. in the publication by Schlereth et al. (Cancer lmmunol. lmmunother. 20 (2005), 1-12).
The term “toxicity” as used herein refers to the toxic effects of a drug sted in adverse events or severe adverse . These side events might refer to a lack of tolerability of the drug in general and/or a lack of local tolerance after administration. Toxicity could also include teratogenic or carcinogenic effects caused by the drug.
The term “safety” uin vivo safety” or “tolerability” as used herein defines the administration of a drug without inducing severe e events directly after administration (local tolerance) and during a longer period of application of the drug. y”, “in vivo safety” or “tolerability” can be 3O evaluated e.g. at regular intervals during the treatment and follow-up period. Measurements include clinical evaluation, e.g. organ manifestations, and screening of laboratory abnormalities.
Clinical evaluation may be carried out and ions to normal findings recorded/coded according to NCl-CTC and/or MedDRA standards. Organ manifestations may include criteria such as allergy/immunology, blood/bone marrow, cardiac arrhythmia, coagulation and the like, as set forth e.g. in the Common Terminology Criteria for adverse events v3.0 (CTCAE).
Laboratory parameters which may be tested include for instance hematology, clinical chemistry, coagulation profile and urine analysis and examination of other body fluids such as serum, plasma, lymphoid or spinal fluid, liquor and the like. Safety can thus be assessed e.g. by physical examination, imaging techniques (i.e. ultrasound, x-ray, CT scans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), other measures with technical devices (i.e. electrocardiogram), vital signs, by measuring tory parameters and recording adverse events. For e, adverse events in non-chimpanzee primates in the uses and methods according to the invention may be examined by histopathological and/or histochemical s.
The term "effective dose" or "effective dosage" is defined as an amount sufficient to achieve or at least lly achieve the desired effect. The term "therapeutically effective dose" is defined as an amount sufficient to cure or at least partially arrest the disease and its complications in a patient already suffering from the disease. Amounts effective for this use will depend upon the severity of the infection and the general state of the subject's own immune . The term "patient" includes human and other mammalian subjects that receive either lactic or therapeutic treatment.
The term “effective and non-toxic dose” as used herein refers to a tolerable dose of an inventive binding molecule which is high enough to cause ion of ogic cells, tumor elimination, tumor shrinkage or stabilization of disease t or essentially without major toxic effects.
Such effective and non-toxic doses may be determined e.g. by dose escalation studies described in the art and should be below the dose inducing severe adverse side events (dose limiting ty, DLT).
The above terms are also ed to e.g. in the Preclinical safety evaluation of biotechnology- derived pharmaceuticals 86; ICH Harmonised Tripartite ine; ICH Steering Committee meeting on July 16, 1997.
The appropriate dosage, or therapeutically effective amount, of the binding molecule of the 3O invention will depend on the condition to be treated, the ty of the condition, prior therapy, and the patients clinical history and response to the therapeutic agent. The proper dose can be adjusted according to the judgment of the attending physician such that it can be administered to the t one time or over a series of administrations. The pharmaceutical composition can be stered as a sole therapeutic or in combination with additional therapies such as anti- cancer therapies as needed.
The pharmaceutical compositions of this invention are particularly useful for parenteral stration, i.e., subcutaneously, intramuscularly, enously, intra-articular and/or intra- synovial. Parenteral administration can be by bolus injection or continuous infusion.
If the pharmaceutical composition has been lyophilized, the lyophilized material is first reconstituted in an appropriate liquid prior to administration. The lyophilized material may be reconstituted in, e.g., iostatic water for ion (BWFI), physiological saline, phosphate buffered saline (PBS), or the same ation the protein had been in prior to lyophilization.
Preferably, the binding molecule of the invention or produced by a process of the invention is used in the prevention, treatment or amelioration of a disease selected from a proliferative disease, a tumorous disease, or an immunological disorder.
An alternative embodiment of the invention provides a method for the prevention, treatment or amelioration of a disease selected from a proliferative disease, a tumorous disease, or an immunological disorder comprising the step of administering to a patient in the need f the binding molecule of the invention or produced by a process of the invention.
The formulations described herein are useful as pharmaceutical compositions in the treatment, amelioration and/or prevention of the pathological medical condition as bed herein in a patient in need f. The term "treatment" refers to both therapeutic treatment and prophylactic or tative measures. Treatment includes the application or administration of the formulation to the body, an isolated tissue, or cell from a t who has a disease/disorder, a symptom of a disease/disorder, or a predisposition toward a disease/disorder, with the e to cure, heal, alleviate, relieve, alter, remedy, ameliorate, improve, or affect the disease, the symptom of the disease, or the predisposition toward the disease.
Those "in need of treatment" include those already with the disorder, as well as those in which the disorder is to be prevented. The term "disease" is any condition that would benefit from treatment with the protein formulation described herein. This includes chronic and acute disorders or diseases including those pathological conditions that predispose the mammal to the disease in question. Non-limiting examples of diseases/disorders to be treated herein include proliferative e, a tumorous e, or an immunological disorder.
Preferably, the binding molecule of the invention is for use in the prevention, treatment or amelioration of B cell disorders that correlate with BCMA (over)expression such as plasma cell disorders, and/or autoimmune diseases. The mune disease is, for e, systemic lupus erythematodes or rheumatoid arthritis.
Also provided by the t invention is a method for the ent or ration of B cell disorders that correlate with BCMA (over)expression such as plasma cell disorders, and/or autoimmune diseases, comprising the step of administering to a subject in need thereof the binding molecule of the ion. The autoimmune disease is, for example, systemic lupus erythematodes or rheumatoid arthritis. ln plasma cell disorders, one clone of plasma cells multiplies uncontrollably. As a result, this clone produces vast amounts of a single (monoclonal) antibody known as the M-protein. In some cases, such as with monoclonal gammopathies, the antibody produced is incomplete, consisting of only light chains or heavy chains. These abnormal plasma cells and the antibodies they produce are usually limited to one type. Preferably, the plasma cell disorder is ed from the group consisting of multiple myeloma, plasmacytoma, plasma cell leukemia, macroglobulinemia, dosis, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, solitary bone plasmacytoma, extramedullary plasmacytoma, osteosclerotic myeloma, heavy chain diseases, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, and smoldering multiple myeloma.
In another aspect, kits are provided comprising a binding molecule of the invention, a nucleic acid molecule of the invention, a vector of the invention, or a host cell of the invention. The kit may comprise one or more vials containing the binding le and instructions for use. The kit may also contain means for administering the binding molecule of the present invention such as a syringe, pump, infuser or the like, means for reconstituting the binding molecule of the invention and/or means for diluting the binding molecule of the invention.
Furthermore, the present invention relates to the use of epitope cluster 3 of BCMA, preferably human BCMA, for the generation of a g molecule, preferably an dy, which is capable of binding to BCMA, preferably human BCMA. The epitope r3 of BCMA preferably corresponds to amino acid residues 24 to 41 of the sequence as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 1002.
In addition, the t invention es a method for the generation of an antibody, preferably a bispecific binding molecule, which is capable of binding to BCMA, preferably human BCMA, comprising (a) zing an animal with a polypeptide comprising epitope cluster 3 of BCMA, preferably human BCMA, wherein epitope cluster 3 of BCMA corresponds to amino acid residues 24 to 41 of the sequence as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 1002, (b) obtaining said antibody, and (c) ally converting said dy into a bispecific g molecule which is e of binding to human BCMA and preferably to the T cell CD3 receptor complex. ably, step (b) includes that the obtained antibody is tested as follows: when the respective epitope cluster in the human BCMA protein is exchanged with the respective epitope cluster of a murine BCMA antigen (resulting in a construct comprising human BCMA, wherein human epitope r 3 is replaced with murine epitope cluster 3; see SEQ ID NO: 1011), a decrease in the binding of the antibody will occur. Said decrease is preferably at least 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%; more preferably at least 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% or even 100% in comparison to the respective epitope cluster in the human BCMA protein, whereby g to the respective epitope cluster in the human BCMA protein is set to be 100%. It is ged that the aforementioned human BCMA/murine BCMA chimeras are expressed in CHO cells. It is also envisaged that the human BCMA/murine BCMA chimeras are fused with a transmembrane domain and/or cytoplasmic domain of a different membrane-bound protein such as EpCAM; see Figure 2a.
A method to test this loss of binding due to exchange with the respective epitope cluster of a non-human (e.g. murine) BCMA antigen is described in the appended Examples, in particular in Examples 1-3.
The method may further include testing as to whether the antibody binds to epitope cluster 3 of human BCMA and is further capable of binding to epitope cluster 3 of macaque BCMA such as BCMA from Macaca mulatta (SEQ ID 7) or Macaca fascicularis (SEQ ID NO:1017).
The present invention also provides binding molecules comprising any one of the amino acid sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs: 1-1000 and 1022-1093.
Preferably, a binding molecule comprises three VH CDR sequences (named “VH CDR1”, “VH CDR2”, “VH CDR3”, see 4th column of the appended Sequence Table) from a binding molecule termed “BCMA-(X)”, wherein X is 1-100 (see 2nd column of the ed Sequence Table) and/or three VL CDR sequences (named “VL CDR1”, “VH CDR2”, “VH CDR3”, see 4th column of the appended Sequence Table) from a binding molecule term BCMA-X, wherein X is 1-100 (see 2nd column of the appended Sequence Table).
Preferably, a binding molecule comprises a VH and/or VL sequence as is given in the appended Sequence Table (see 4‘“ column of the appended Sequence Table: “VH” and “VL”).
Preferably, a binding molecule comprises a scFV sequence as is given in the appended Sequence Table (see 4‘“ column of the appended Sequence Table: “scFv”).
Preferably, a binding molecule comprises a bispecific molecule sequence as is given in the appended ce Table (see 4‘“ column of the ed ce Table: “bispecific molecule”).
The present invention also relates to a bispecific binding agent comprising at least two binding domains, comprising a first binding domain and a second binding domain, wherein said first binding domain binds to the B cell tion antigen BCMA and wherein said second binding domain binds to CD3 (item 1) also including the following items: Item 2. The bispecific binding agent of item 1, wherein said first binding domain binds to the extracellular domain of BCMA and said second binding domain binds to the 8 chain of CD3.
Item 3. A bispecific binding agent of item 1 or 2 which is in the format of a full-length antibody or an antibody nt.
Item 4. A bispecific binding agent of item 3 in the format of a ength antibody, wherein said first inding domain is derived from mouse said and wherein said second CD3- binding domain is derived from rat.
Item 5. A bispecific g agent of item 3, which is in the format of an dy fragment in the form of a diabody that comprises a heavy chain le domain connected to a light chain variable domain on the same polypeptide chain such that the two domains do not pair.
Item 6. A bispecific binding agent of item 1 or 2 which is in the format of a bispecific single chain antibody that consists of two scFv molecules connected via a linker peptide or by a human serum albumin molecule.
Item 7. The ific binding agent of item 6, heavy chain regions (VH) and the corresponding variable light chain regions (VL) are arranged, from N-terminus to inus, in the order VH(BCMA)-VL(BCMA) -VH(CD3)-VL(CD3), VH(CD3)-VL(CD3) -VH(BCMA)-VL(BCMA) or VH L(CD3)-VL(BCMA)-VH(BCMA).
Item 8. A bispecific binding agent of item 1 or 2, which is in the format of a single domain immunogIobuIin domain selected from VHHs or VHs.
Item 9. The bispecific binding agent of item 1 or 2, which is in the format of an Fv molecule that has four antibody variable domains with at least two binding domains, wherein at least one binding domain is specific to human BCMA and at least one g domain is specific to human CD3.
Item 10. A ific binding agent of item 1 or 2, which is in the format of a single-chain binding molecule consisting of a first binding domain specific for BCMA, a constant sub- region that is located C-terminal to said first binding domain, a scorpion linker located C- al to the nt sub-region, and a second g domain specific for CD3, which is located C-terminal to said constant sub-region.
Item 11. The bispecific binding agent of item 1 or 2, which is in the format of an antibody- Iike molecule that binds to BCMA via the two heavy chain/light chain Fv of an antibody or an antibody fragment and which binds to CD3 via a binding domain that has been engineered into non-CDR loops of the heavy chain or the light chain of said antibody or antibody fragment.
Item 12. A bispecific binding agent of item 1 which is in the format of a bispecific ankyrin repeat molecule.
Item 13. A bispecific binding agent of item 1, wherein said first binding domain has a format selected from the formats defined in any one of items 3 to 12 and wherein said second binding domain has a different format selected from the formats defined in any one of items 3 to 12.
Item 14. A bispecific binding agent of item 1 which is a bicyclic peptide.
Item 15. A pharmaceutical composition containing at least one bispecific binding agent of any one of items 1 to 14.
Item 16. A bispecific binding agent of any one of items 1 to 14 or a pharmaceutical composition of item 14 for the treatment of plasma cell disorders or other B cell disorders that correlate with BCMA expression and for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
Item 17. A bispecific binding agent of any one of items 1 to 14 or a pharmaceutical composition of item 15 for the treatment of plasma cell disorders selected from plasmacytoma, plasma cell leukemia, multiple myeloma, macroglobulinemia, amyloidosis, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia solitary bone , plasmacytoma, extramedullary plasmacytoma, osteosclerotic myeloma, heavy chain diseases, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, smoldering multiple a.
Variations of the above items are derivable from EP 10 191 418.2 which are also ed herein.
It should be understood that the inventions herein are not limited to particular methodology, protocols, or reagents, as such can vary. The discussion and examples provided herein are ted for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, which is defined solely by the claims.
All publications and patents cited throughout the text of this specification (including all patents, patent applications, scientific publications, cturer’s specifications, instructions, etc.), r supra or infra, are hereby incorporated by nce in their entirety. Nothing herein is to be construed as an admission that the invention is not ed to antedate such sure by virtue of prior invention. To the extent the material incorporated by reference dicts or is inconsistent with this specification, the specification will supersede any such material.
The Figures show: Figure 1: Sequence alignment of the extracellular domain (ECD) of human BCMA (amino acid residues 1- 54 of the ength protein) and murine BCMA (amino acid residues 1-49 of the full-length protein). Highlighted are the s (domains or amino acid residues) which were exchanged in the chimeric constructs, as designated for the epitope clustering. Cysteines are depicted by black boxes. Disulfide bonds are ted.
Figure 2: e mapping of the BCMA constructs. Human and murine BCMA (figure 2a) as well as seven chimeric human-murine BCMA constructs (figure 2b) expressed on the surface of CHO cells as shown by flow cytometry. The expression of human BCMA on CHO was detected with a monoclonal uman BCMA antibody. Murine BCMA expression was detected with a monoclonal urine BCMA-antibody. Bound monoclonal antibody was ed with an anti- rat —gamma-specific antibody conjugated to phycoerythrin.
Figure 3: Examples of binding molecules specific for epitope r E3, as detected by epitope mapping of the chimeric BCMA constructs (see example 3).
Figure 4: Determination of binding constants of ific binding molecules (anti BCMA x anti CD3) on human and macaque BCMA using the Biacore system. Antigen was immobilized in low to intermediate density (100 RU) on CM5 chip. Dilutions of binders were floated over the chip surface and binding determined using l Software. Respective off-rates and the binding constant (KD) of the respective binders are depicted below every graph.
Figure 5: Cytotoxic activity of BCMA bispecific antibodies as measured in an 18-hour 51chromium release assay. Effector cells: stimulated enriched human CD8Tcells. Target cells: Human BCMA transfected CHO cells (left figure) and macaque BCMA transfected CHO cells (right figure).
Effector to target cell (E:T) ratio: 10:1.
Figure 6: Determination of binding constants of BCMA/CD3 bispecific antibodies of epitope cluster E3 on human and macaque BCMA and on human and macaque CD3 using the Biacore .
Antigen was immobilized in low to intermediate density (100-200 RU) on CM5 chip. Dilutions of bispecific antibodies were d over the chip surface and g determined using BiaEval Software. Respective on- and off-rates and the resulting binding constant (KD) of the respective bispecific antibodies are depicted below every graph.
Figure 7: FACS analysis of BCMA/CD3 bispecific antibodies of epitope cluster E3 on indicated cell lines: 1) human BCMA transfected CHO cells, 2) human CD3 positive human T cell line HBP-ALL, 3) e BCMA transfected CHO cells, 4) macaque T cell line 4119 Lan , 5) BCMA-positive human le myeloma cell line NCl-H929 and 6) untransfected CHO cells. Negative controls [1) to 6)]: detection antibodies without prior BCMA/CD3 bispecific antibody.
Figure 8: Scatchard analysis of BCMA/CD3 bispecific antibodies on BCMA-expressing cells. Cells were incubated with increasing concentrations of monomeric antibody until saturation. Antibodies were detected by flow cytometry. Values of triplicate measurements were plotted as hyperbolic curves and as d curves to demonstrate a valid concentration range used. l binding was determined using Scatchard evaluation, and the respective KD values were ated.
Figure 9: Cytotoxic activity of BCMA/CD3 bispecific antibodies of epitope cluster E3, as measured in an r omium release assay t CHO cells transfected with human BCMA. Effector cells: stimulated ed human CD8 T cells. Effector to target cell (E:T) ratio: 10:1.
Figure 10: Cytotoxic activity of BCMA/CD3 bispecific antibodies of epitope cluster E3 as measured in a 48- hour FACS-based cytotoxicity assay. Effector cells: unstimulated human PBMC. Target cells: CHO cells transfected with human BCMA. Effector to target cell (E:T)-ratio: 10:1.
Figure 11: FACS analysis of BCMA/CD3 bispecific antibodies of epitope cluster E3 on BAFF-R and TACI transfected CHO cells. Cell lines: 1) human BAFF-R transfected CHO cells, 2) human TACI transfected CHO cells 3) le a cell line L363; negative controls: detection antibodies without prior D3 bispecific antibody. Positive contols: BAFF-R detection: goat anti hu BAFF-R (R&D ; 1:20) detected by anti-goat antibody-PE (Jackson 705 147; 1:50) TACI-detection: rabbit anti TACI antibody (abcam AB 79023; 1:100) detected by goat anti rabbit-antibody PE (Sigma P9757; 1:20).
Figure 12: Cytotoxic activity of BCMA/CD3 bispecific antibodies as measured in an r 51-chromium release assay. Effector cells: stimulated enriched human CD8 Tcells. Target cells: BCMA- positive human multiple myeloma cell line L363 (i.e. natural expresser). or to target cell (E:T) ratio: 10:1.
Figure 13: Cytotoxic activity of BCMA/CD3 bispecific antibodies as ed in a 48-hour FACS-based cytotoxicity assay. or cells: unstimulated human PBMC. Target cells: human multiple myeloma cell line L363 al BCMA expresser). Effector to target cell (E:T)-ratio: 10:1.
Figure 14: xic activity of BCMA/CD3 bispecific antibodies as measured in a 48-hour FACS-based cytotoxicity assay. Effector cells: unstimulated human PBMC. Target cells: BCMA-positive human multiple myeloma cell line NCl-H929. Effector to target cell (E:T)-ratio: 10:1.
Figure 15: Cytotoxic activity of BCMA/CD3 bispecific antibodies as measured in a 48-hour ased cytotoxicity assay. Effector cells: macaque Tcell line 4119Lan. Target cells: CHO cells transfected with macaque BCMA. Effector to target cell (E:T) ratio: 10:1.
Figure 16: Anti-tumor activity of BCMA/CD3 bispecific antibodies of epitope cluster E3 in an advanced- stage NCl-H929 xenograft model (see Example 16).
Figure 17: FACS—based cytotoxicity assay using human multiple a cell lines NCl-H929, L-363 and OPM-2 as target cells and human PBMC as effector cells (48h; E:T = 10:1). The figure depicts the cytokine levels [pg/ml] which were determined for ”-2, lL-6, lL-10, TNF and lFN-gamma at increasing trations of the BCMA/CD3 bispecific antibodies of epitope cluster E3 (see Example 22).
WO 72406 Examples: The following examples illustrate the invention. These es should not be construed as to limit the scope of this invention. The examples are included for purposes of illustration, and the present invention is limited only by the claims.
Example 1 Generation of CHO cells expressing chimeric BCMA For the construction of the chimeric epitope mapping molecules, the amino acid sequence of the respective e domains or the single amino acid residue of human BCMA was changed to the murine sequence. The following molecules were ucted: . Human BCMA ECD / E1 murine (SEQ ID NO: 1009) Chimeric extracellular BCMA domain: Human ellular BCMA domain n epitope cluster1 (amino acid residues 1-7 of SEQ ID NO: 1002 or 1007) is replaced by the respective murine cluster (amino acid residues 1-4 of SEQ ID NO: 1004 or 1008) 9 on of amino acid residues 1-3 and GSQ on in SEQ ID NO: 1002 or 1007 . Human BCMA ECD / E2 murine (SEQ ID NO: 1010) Chimeric extracellular BCMA domain: Human extracellular BCMA domain wherein epitope cluster2 (amino acid residues 8-21 of SEQ ID NO: 1002 or 1007) is replaced by the respective murine cluster (amino acid residues 5-18 of SEQ ID NO: 1004 or 1008) 9 89F, Q10H, and N118 mutations in SEQ ID NO: 1002 or 1007 . Human BCMA ECD / E3 murine (SEQ ID NO: 1011) Chimeric extracellular BCMA domain: Human extracellular BCMA domain wherein epitope cluster 3 (amino acid residues 24-41 of SEQ ID NO: 1002 or 1007) is replaced by the respective murine cluster (amino acid residues 21-36 of SEQ ID NO: 1004 or 1008) 9 deletion of amino acid residues 31 and 32 and Q25H, S30N, L35A, and R39P mutation in SEQ ID NO: 1002 or 1007 . Human BCMA ECD / E4 murine (SEQ ID NO: 1012) Chimeric ellular BCMA domain: Human extracellular BCMA domain wherein epitope cluster 4 (amino acid residues 42-54 of SEQ ID NO: 1002 or 1007) is replaced by the respective murine cluster (amino acid residues 37-49 of SEQ ID NO: 1004 or 1008) 9 N42D, A43P, N47S, N53Y and A54T mutations in SEQ ID NO: 1002 or 1007 . Human BCMA ECD / E5 murine (SEQ ID NO: 1013) Chimeric extracellular BCMA domain: Human extracellular BCMA domain wherein the amino acid residue at position 22 of SEQ ID NO: 1002 or 1007 (isoleucine) is replaced by its respective murine amino acid residue of SEQ ID NO: 1004 or 1008 e, position 19) 9 I22K mutation in SEQ ID NO: 1002 or 1007 . Human BCMA ECD / E6 murine (SEQ ID NO: 1014) Chimeric extracellular BCMA domain: Human ellular BCMA domain wherein the amino acid residue at position 25 of SEQ ID NO: 1002 or 1007 (glutamine) is replaced by its respective murine amino acid residue of SEQ ID NO: 1004 or 1008 (histidine, position 22) 9 Q25H mutation in SEQ ID NO: 1002 or 1007 . Human BCMA ECD / E7 murine (SEQ ID NO: 1015) Chimeric extracellular BCMA domain: Human extracellular BCMA domain wherein the amino acid residue at on 39 of SEQ ID NO: 1002 or 1007 (arginine) is replaced by its respective murine amino acid residue of SEQ ID NO: 1004 or 1008 (proline, position 34) 9 R39P mutation in SEQ ID NO: 1002 or 1007 A) The cDNA constructs were cloned into the mammalian expression vector pEF-DHFR and stably transfected into CHO cells. The expression of human BCMA on CHO cells was verified in a FACS assay using a monoclonal anti-human BCMA antibody. Murine BCMA expression was demonstrated with a monoclonal anti-mouse BCMA-antibody. The used concentration of the BCMA antibodies was 10 ug/ml inPBS/2%FCS. Bound monoclonal antibodies were detected with an anti-rat-IgG-Fcy-PE (1:100 in PBS/2%FCS; Jackson-Immuno-Research #112071).
As negative control, cells were incubated with PBS/2% FCS instead of the first antibody. The s were measured by flow cytometry on a FACSCanto II ment (Becton Dickinson) and ed by FlowJo software (Version 7.6). The surface sion of human-murine BCMA chimeras, transfected CHO cells were analyzed and confirmed in a flow try assay 3O with different anti-BCMA antibodies (Figure 2).
B) For the generation of CHO cells expressing human, macaque, mouse and human/mouse chimeric transmembrane BCMA, the coding sequences of human, macaque, mouse BCMA and the human-mouse BCMA chimeras (BCMA ces as published in GenBank, accession numbers NM_001192 [human]; NM_011608 [mouse] and XM_001106892 [macaque]) were obtained by gene synthesis according to standard ols. The gene synthesis nts were designed as to contain first a Kozak site for eukaryotic expression of the constructs and the coding sequence of a 19 amino acid immunoglobulin leader peptide, followed in frame by the coding sequence of the BCMA proteins respectively in case of the chimeras with the respective epitope domains of the human sequence exchanged for the murine sequence.
Except for the human BCMA ECD / E4 murine and human BCMA constructs the coding sequence of the extracellular domain of the BCMA proteins was followed in frame by the coding sequence of an artificial Ser1-Gly4-Ser1-linker followed by the intracellular domain of human EpCAM (amino acids 4; sequence as published in GenBank accession number 354).
All coding sequences were followed by a stop codon. The gene synthesis fragments were also designed as to introduce suitable restriction sites. The gene synthesis fragments were cloned into a plasmid designated pEF-DHFR HFR is described in Raum et al. Cancer lmmunol lmmunother 50 (2001) 141-150). All aforementioned procedures were carried out according to standard protocols (Sambrook, Molecular Cloning; A tory Manual, 3rd edition, Cold Spring r tory Press, Cold Spring Harbour, New York (2001)). For each antigen a clone with sequence-verified nucleotide sequence was transfected into DHFR deficient CHO cells for eukaryotic expression of the constructs. otic protein expression in DHFR deficient CHO cells was performed as described by Kaufman R.J. (1990) Methods Enzymol. 185, 537-566. Gene amplification of the ucts was d by increasing concentrations of methotrexate (MTX) to a final concentration of up to 20 nM MTX.
Example 2 2.1 Transient expression in HEK 293 cells Clones of the expression plasmids with sequence-verified nucleotide sequences were used for transfection and protein expression in the FreeStyle 293 Expression System (lnvitrogen GmbH, uhe, Germany) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Supernatants containing the expressed proteins were obtained, cells were removed by centrifugation and the atants were stored at -20 C. 2.2 Stable expression in CHO cells Clones of the expression plasmids with sequence-verified tide sequences were transfected into DHFR ent CHO cells for eukaryotic expression of the constructs.
Eukaryotic n expression in DHFR deficient CHO cells was performed as described by Kaufman R.J. (1990) Methods Enzymol. 185, 537-566. Gene amplification of the ucts was induced by increasing concentrations of methotrexate (MTX) to a final concentration of 20 nM MTX. After two passages of stationary culture the cells were grown in roller bottles with nucleoside-free HyQ PF CHO liquid soy medium (with 4.0 mM L-Glutamine with 0.1 % Pluronic F — 68; HyClone) for 7 days before t. The cells were removed by centrifugation and the supernatant ning the expressed protein was stored at -20 C. 2.3 Protein cation Purification of soluble BCMA proteins was performed as follows: Akta® Explorer System (GE Healthcare) and Unicorn® Software were used for chromatography. Immobilized metal affinity chromatography (“IMAC”) was med using a Fractogel EMD chelate® (Merck) which was loaded with ZnCl2 according to the protocol provided by the manufacturer. The column was equilibrated with bufferA (20 mM sodium phosphate buffer pH 7.2, 0.1 M NaCl) and the filtrated (0.2 pm) cell culture supernatant was applied to the column (10 ml) at a flow rate of 3 ml/min.
The column was washed with bufferA to remove unbound sample. Bound protein was eluted using a two-step gradient of buffer B (20 mM sodium phosphate buffer pH 7.2, 0.1 M NaCl, 0.5 M imidazole) according to the following procedure: Step 1: 10 % buffer B in 6 column volumes Step 2: 100 % buffer B in 6 column volumes Eluted protein fractions from step 2 were pooled for further cation. All chemicals were of research grade and purchased from Sigma (Deisenhofen) or Merck (Darmstadt).
Gel filtration chromatography was performed on a HiLoad 16/60 Superdex 200 prep grade column (GE/Amersham) equilibrated with Equi-buffer (10 mM citrate, 25 mM lysine-HCI, pH 7.2 for proteins expressed in HEK cells and PBS pH 7.4 for proteins expressed in CHO cells).
Eluted n s (flow rate 1 ml/min) were subjected to rd SDS-PAGE and Western Blot for detection. Protein concentrations were determined using OD280 nm. 3O Proteins obtained via transient expression in HEK 293 cells were used for immunizations.
Proteins obtained via stable expression in CHO cells were used for selection of binders and for measurement of g.
Example 3 Epitope clustering of murine scFv-fragments Cells transfected with human or murine BCMA, or with chimeric BCMA molecules were stained with crude, undiluted asmic extract containing scFv binding to human/macaque BCMA.
Bound scFv were detected with 1 ug/ml of an anti-FLAG antibody (Sigma F1804) and a R-PE- labeled anti-mouse Fc gamma-specific antibody (1:100; Dianova #115071). All antibodies were diluted in PBS with 2% FCS. As negative control, cells were incubated with PBS/2% FCS instead of the periplasmic extract. The samples were measured by flow cytometry on a FACSCanto ll instrument (Becton Dickinson) and analyzed by FlowJo software (Version 7.6); see Figure 3.
Example 4 Procurement of different recombinant forms of soluble human and macaque BCMA A) The coding sequences of human and rhesus BCMA (as published in GenBank, accession numbers NM_001192 [human], XM_001106892 s]) coding sequences of human albumin, human ch1 and murine albumin were used for the construction of artificial cDNA sequences encoding soluble fusion proteins of human and macaque BCMA respectively and human albumin, human lgG1 Fc and murine albumin respectively as well as soluble proteins comprising only the ellular domains of BCMA. To te the constructs for sion of the soluble human and e BCMA proteins, cDNA fragments were obtained by PCR mutagenesis of the full-length BCMA cDNAs described above and molecular cloning according to standard ols.
For the s with human albumin, the modified cDNA fragments were designed as to contain first a Kozak site for eukaryotic expression of the constructs ed by the coding sequence of the human and rhesus (or Macaca mulatta) BCMA proteins respectively, sing amino acids 1 to 54 and 1 to 53 corresponding to the extracellular domain of human and rhesus BCMA, respectively, followed in frame by the coding sequence of an artificial Ser1-Gly4-Ser1- , followed in frame by the coding sequence of human serum albumin, followed in frame by the coding sequence of a Flag tag, followed in frame by the coding sequence of a modified histidine tag (SGHHGGHHGGHH) and a stop codon.
For the fusions with murine lgG1, the modified cDNA fragments were designed as to contain 3O first a Kozak site for eukaryotic expression of the constructs ed by the coding sequence of the human and macaque BCMA proteins respectively, comprising amino acids 1 to 54 and 1 to 53 corresponding to the extracellular domain of human and rhesus BCMA, respectively, followed in frame by the coding sequence of an artificial Ser1-Gly4-Ser1-linker, followed in frame by the coding sequence of the hinge and Fc gamma portion of human lgG1, ed in frame by the coding sequence of a hexahistidine tag and a stop codon.
For the fusions with murine albumin, the ed cDNA nts were designed as to contain first a Kozak site for eukaryotic expression of the constructs followed by the coding sequence of the human and macaque BCMA proteins respectively, comprising amino acids 1 to 54 and 1 to 53 corresponding to the extracellular domain of human and rhesus BCMA, respectively, followed in frame by the coding ce of an artificial Ser1-Gly4-Ser1-linker, ed in frame by the coding sequence of murine serum albumin, followed in frame by the coding sequence of a Flag tag, followed in frame by the coding sequence of a modified histidine tag (SGHHGGHHGGHH) and a stop codon.
For the soluble extracellular domain constructs, the modified cDNA fragments were ed as to contain first a Kozak site for eukaryotic expression of the constructs followed by the coding sequence of the human and macaque BCMA proteins tively, comprising amino acids 1 to 54 and 1 to 53 corresponding to the extracellular domain of human and rhesus BCMA, respectively, followed in frame by the coding sequence of an cial Ser1-Gly1-linker, followed in frame by the coding sequence of a Flag tag, followed in frame by the coding sequence of a ed histidine tag (SGHHGGHHGGHH) and a stop codon.
The cDNA fragments were also ed to introduce restriction sites at the beginning and at the end of the fragments. The introduced restriction sites, EcoRl at the 5’ end and Sall at the 3’ end, were utilized in the following cloning procedures. The cDNA fragments were cloned via EcoRI and Sall into a plasmid designated pEF-DHFR (pEF-DHFR is described in Raum et al.
Cancer lmmunol lmmunother 50 (2001) 141-150). The aforementioned procedures were all carried out according to rd protocols (Sambrook, Molecular Cloning; A Laboratory Manual, 3rd edition, Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbour, New York (2001)).
B) The coding sequences of human and macaque BCMA as bed above and coding sequences of human albumin, human ch1, murine ch1, murine ch2a, murine albumin, rat albumin, rat ch1 and rat Fcy2b were used for the construction of artificial cDNA sequences encoding soluble fusion proteins of human and macaque BCMA respectively and human albumin, human lgG1 Fc, murine lgG1 Fc, murine lgGZa Fc, murine albumin, rat lgG1 Fc, rat 3O lgGZb and rat albumin respectively as well as soluble proteins comprising only the extracellular domains of BCMA. To generate the constructs for expression of the soluble human and macaque BCMA proteins cDNA fragments were obtained by PCR mutagenesis of the full-length BCMA cDNAs described above and molecular cloning according to rd protocols.
For the fusions with albumins the modified cDNA fragments were designed as to contain first a Kozak site for eukaryotic expression of the constructs and the coding sequence of a 19 amino acid immunoglobulin leader peptide, ed in frame by the coding sequence of the extracellular domain of the respective BCMA protein followed in frame by the coding ce of an artificial Ser1-Gly4-Ser1-linker, followed in frame by the coding sequence of the respective serum albumin, followed in frame by the coding sequence of a Flag tag, followed in frame by the coding sequence of a modified histidine tag (SGHHGGHHGGHH) and a stop codon.
For the fusions with lgG ch the modified cDNA fragments were designed as to contain first a Kozak site for eukaryotic expression of the constructs and the coding sequence of a 19 amino acid immunoglobulin leader peptide, followed in frame by the coding sequence of the ellular domain of the respective BCMA protein followed in frame by the coding sequence of an artificial Ser1-Gly4-Ser1-linker, except for human lgG1 Fc where an artificial Ser1-Gly1- linker was used, followed in frame by the coding sequence of the hinge and Fc gamma portion of the respective lgG, ed in frame by the coding sequence of a Flag tag, followed in frame by the coding sequence of a modified histidine tag (SGHHGGHHGGHH) and a stop codon.
For the soluble ellular domain constructs the modified cDNA fragments were designed as to contain first a Kozak site for eukaryotic expression of the constructs and the coding sequence of a 19 amino acid immunoglobulin leader peptide, followed in frame by the coding sequence of the extracellular domain of the tive BCMA protein ed in frame by the coding sequence of an artificial Ser1-Gly1-linker, followed in frame by the coding sequence of a Flag tag, followed in frame by the coding sequence of a modified histidine tag (SGHHGGHHGGHH) and a stop codon.
For cloning of the constructs suitable restriction sites were introduced. The cDNA fragments were all cloned into a plasmid designated pEF-DHFR HFR is described in Raum et al. 2001). The aforementioned procedures were all carried out according to standard protocols (Sambrook, 2001).
The ing constructs were designed to enable directed panning on distinct epitopes. The coding sequence of murine-human BCMA chimeras and -macaque BCMA chimeras (mouse, human and macaque BCMA ces as described above) and coding sequences of murine albumin and murine ch1 were used for the construction of artificial cDNA sequences encoding soluble fusion proteins of -human and murine-macaque BCMA chimeras respectively and murine lgG1 Fc and murine albumin, respectively. To generate the constructs 3O for expression of the soluble murine-human and murine-macaque BCMA chimeras cDNA fragments of murine BCMA (amino acid 1-49) with the respective e domains d to the human and macaque ce respectively were ed by gene synthesis according to standard protocols. Cloning of constructs was carried out as described above and according to standard protocols (Sambrook, 2001).
The following molecules were constructed: . amino acid 1-4 human, murine lgG‘l Fc . amino acid 1-4 human, murine n . amino acid 1-4 rhesus, murine lgG‘l Fc . amino acid 1-4 rhesus, murine albumin . amino acid 5-18 human, murine lgG‘l Fc . amino acid 5-18 human, murine albumin . amino acid 5-18 rhesus, murine lgG‘l Fc . amino acid 5-18 rhesus, murine albumin . amino acid 37-49 human, murine lgG‘l Fc . amino acid 37-49 human, murine albumin . amino acid 37-49 rhesus, murine lgG‘l Fc . amino acid 37-49 , murine n Example 5 .1 Biacore-based determination of bispecific antibody affinity to human and macaque BCMA and CD3 Biacore analysis experiments were med using recombinant BCMA fusion proteins with human serum albumin (ALB) to determine BCMA target binding. For CD3 affinity measurements, recombinant fusion proteins having the N-terminal 27 amino acids of the CD3 n (CD3e) fused to human antibody Fc portion were used. This recombinant protein exists in a human CD3e1-27 version and in a cynomolgous CD3e version, both bearing the epitope of the CD3 binder in the ific antibodies.
In detail, CM5 Sensor Chips (GE Healthcare) were immobilized with approximately 100 to 150 RU of the respective recombinant antigen using acetate buffer pH4.5 according to the manufacturer’s manual. The bispecific dy samples were loaded in five concentrations: 50 nM, 25 nM, 12.5 nM, 6.25 nM and 3.13 nM diluted in HBS—EP running buffer (GE Healthcare). Flow rate was 30 to 35 ul/min for 3 min, then HBS—EP g buffer was applied for 8 min again at a flow rate of 30 to 35 ul/ml. Regeneration of the chip was performed using 10 mM glycine 0.5 M NaCl pH 2.45. Data sets were analyzed using BiaEval Software (see Figure 4). In general two independent experiments were performed. .2 Binding affinity to human and macaque BCMA Binding affinities of BCMA/CD3 bispecific antibodies to human and macaque BCMA were determined by Biacore analysis using recombinant BCMA fusion proteins with mouse albumin (ALB).
In detail, CM5 Sensor Chips (GE Healthcare) were lized with approximately 150 to 200 RU of the respective recombinant antigen using e buffer pH4.5 according to the manufacturer’s manual. The bispecific antibody samples were loaded in five concentrations: 50 nM, 25 nM, 12.5 nM, 6.25 nM and 3.13 nM diluted in HBS—EP running buffer (GE Healthcare).
For BCMA affinity determinations the flow rate was 35 ul/min for 3 min, then HBS-EP g buffer was applied for 10, 30 or 60 min again at a flow rate of 35 ul/ml. Regeneration of the chip was performed using a buffer consisting of a 1:1 mixture of 10 mM glycine 0.5 M NaCl pH 1.5 and 6 M guanidine chloride solution. Data sets were analyzed using l Software (see Figure 6). In general two independent experiments were performed.
Confirmative human and macaque CD3 epsilon binding was performed in single experiments using the same trations as applied for BCMA g; off-rate ination was done for 10 min dissociation time.
All BCMA/CD3 bispecific antibodies of e cluster E3 showed high affinities to human BCMA in the sub-nanomolar range down to 1-digit picomolar range. Binding to macaque BCMA was balanced, also showing affinities in the 1-digit nanomolar down to subnanomolar range.
Affinities and affinity gaps of BCMA/CD3 bispecific antibodies are shown in Table 2.
Table 2: Affinities of BCMA/CD3 bispecific antibodies of the epitope cluster E3 to human and e BCMA as determined by Biacore analysis, and calculated affinity gaps (ma BCMA : hu BCMA).
BCMA/CD3 ific hu BCMA ma BCMA Affinity gap —BCMA-34 0.051 0.047 1 ; 1_1 .3 Biacore-based determination of the bispecific antibody affinity to human and macaque BCMA The affinities of BCMA/CD3 bispecific dies to recombinant soluble BCMA on CM5 chips in Biacore measurements were repeated to reconfirm KDs and especially off-rates using longer dissociation periods (60 min instead of 10 min as used in the previous experiment). All of the tested BCMA/CD3 bispecific antibodies underwent two independent affinity ements with five different concentrations each.
The affinities of the BCMA/CD3 bispecific antibodies of the epitope r E3 were clearly subnanomolar down to t picomolar, see examples in Table 3.
Table 3: Affinities (KD) of BCMA/CD3 bispecific antibodies of the epitope cluster E3 from e experiments using extended dissociation times (two independent experiments each).
BCMA/CD3 ific antibody KD [nM] human BCMA KD [nM] macaque BCMA BCMA-83 0.053 i 0.017 0.062 i 0.011 BCMA-98 0.025 i 0.003 0.060 i 0.001 BCMA-71 0.242 i 0.007 0.720 i 0.028 4 0.089 i 0.019 0.056 i 0.003 BCMA_74 0.076 i 0.002 0134 i 0.010 BCMA_20 00095 i 0.0050 0.0060 i 0.0038 Example 6 Bispecific binding and interspecies cross-reactivity For confirmation of binding to human and macaque BCMA and CD3, bispecific antibodies were tested by flow cytometry using CHO cells transfected with human and e BCMA, respectively, the human multiple myeloma cell line NCl-H929 expressing native human BCMA, CD3-expressing human T cell ia cell line HPB-ALL (DSMZ, Braunschweig, ACC483) and the CD3-expressing e T cell line 4119Lan (Knappe A, et al., Blood, 2000, 95, 3256- 3261). Moreover, untransfected CHO cells were used as negative control.
For flow cytometry 200,000 cells of the respective cell lines were incubated for 30 min on ice with 50 pl of purified bispecific antibody at a concentration of 5 ug/ml. The cells were washed twice in PBS/2% FCS and binding of the constructs was detected with a murine PentaHis antibody (Qiagen; diluted 1:20 in 50 pl PBS/2% FCS). After washing, bound is antibodies were detected with an Fc gamma-specific antibody va) conjugated to phycoerythrin, diluted 1:100 in PBS/2% FCS. Samples were measured by flow cytometry on a FACSCanto ll instrument and analyzed by va re (both from Becton Dickinson).
The BCMA/CD3 bispecific antibodies of epitope cluster E3 stained CHO cells transfected with human and macaque BCMA, the human BCMA-expressing le myeloma cell line NCI- H929 as well as human and macaque T cells. Moreover, there was no staining of untransfected CHO cells (see Figure 7).
Example 7 Scatchard-based determination of bispecific-antibody affinity to human and macaque BCMA For Scatchard analysis, saturation g experiments are performed using a monovalent detection system developed at Micromet His Fab/Alexa 488) to precisely determine monovalent g of the bispecific antibodies to the respective cell line. 2 x104 cells of the respective cell line (recombinantly human BCMA-expressing CHO cell line, recombinantly e BCMA-expressing CHO cell line) are incubated with each 50 ul of a triplet on series (eight dilutions at 1:2) of the respective BCMA bispecific antibody starting at 100 nM followed by 16 h incubation at 4°C under ion and one residual washing step.
Then, the cells are ted for further 30 min with 30 ul of an anti-His Fab/Alexa488 solution (Micromet; 30 ug/ml). After one washing step, the cells are resuspended in 150 pl FACS buffer containing 3.5 % formaldehyde, incubated for further 15 min, centrifuged, resuspended in FACS buffer and analyzed using a FACS Cantoll machine and FACS Diva software. Data are generated from two independent sets of experiments. Values are plotted as hyperbole binding curves. Respective Scatchard analysis is calculated to extrapolate maximal binding (Bmax).
The concentrations of bispecific antibodies at half-maximal binding are determined reflecting the WO 72406 respective KDs. Values of triplicate measurements are plotted as hyperbolic curves. Maximal binding is determined using Scatchard evaluation and the respective KDs are calculated.
The affinities of D3 ific antibodies to CHO cells transfected with human or e BCMA were determined by Scatchard analysis as the most reliable method for measuring potential affinity gaps between human and macaque BCMA.
Cells expressing the BCMA antigen were ted with increasing concentrations of the respective monomeric BCMA/CD3 bispecific antibody until tion was reached (16h).
Bound bispecific antibody was detected by flow cytometry. The concentrations of BCMA/CD3 bispecific antibodies at half-maximal binding were determined reflecting the respective KDs.
Values of triplicate measurements were plotted as hyperbolic curves and as S-shaped curves to trate proper concentration ranges from minimal to optimal binding. Maximal binding (Bmax) was determined (Figure 8) using Scatchard evaluation and the respective KDs were calculated. Values depicted in Table 4 were derived from two independent experiments per BCMA/CD3 bispecific antibody.
Cell based Scatchard analysis confirmed that the BCMA/CD3 bispecific antibodies of the epitope cluster E3 are omolar in affinity to human BCMA and present with a small interspecies BCMA affinity gap of below five.
Table 4: Affinities (KD) of BCMA/CD3 bispecific antibodies of the e cluster E3 from cell based Scatchard analysis (two independent ments each) with the calculated affinity gap KD macaque BCMA / KD human BCMA.
BCMA/CD3 KD [nM] KD [nM] x-fold KD difference 1 0.78 i 0.07 3.12 i 0.26 BCMA-34 0.77 i 0.11 0.97 i 0.33 BCMA-74 0.67 i 0.03 0.95 i 0.06 BCMA-20 0.78 i 0.10 0.85 i 0.01 Cytotoxic activity 8.1 Chromium e assay with stimulated human T cells Stimulated T cells enriched for CD8+ T cells were obtained as described below.
A petri dish (145 mm diameter, Greiner bio-one GmbH, Kremsmiinster) was coated with a commercially ble anti-CD3 specific antibody (OKT3, Orthoclone) in a final concentration of 1 ug/ml for 1 hour at 37°C. Unbound protein was removed by one washing step with PBS. 3 — 5 x107 human PBMC were added to the precoated petri dish in 120 ml of RPM|1640 with stabilized ine / 10% FCS / lL-2 20 U/ml (Proleukin®, Chiron) and stimulated for 2 days.
On the third day, the cells were ted and washed once with RPMI 1640. lL-2 was added to a final concentration of 20 U/ml and the cells were cultured again for one day in the same cell culture medium as above.
CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) were enriched by depletion of CD4+ T cells and CD56+ NK cells using Dynal-Beads according to the cturer‘s protocol.
Macaque or human BCMA-transfected CHO target cells were washed twice with PBS and labeled with 11.1 MBq 51Cr in a final volume of 100 pl RPMI with 50% FCS for 60 minutes at 37°C. Subsequently, the d target cells were washed 3times with 5 ml RPMI and then used in the cytotoxicity assay. The assay was performed in a 96-well plate in a total volume of 200 pl supplemented RPMI with an E:T ratio of 10:1. A starting concentration of 0.01 —1 ug/ml of purified bispecific antibody and threefold dilutions thereof were used. Incubation time for the assay was 18 hours. Cytotoxicity was determined as relative values of released um in the supernatant relative to the difference of maximum lysis (addition of Triton-X) and spontaneous lysis (without effector cells). All measurements were d out in quadruplicates. Measurement of chromium activity in the supernatants was performed in a Wizard 3” gamma counter (Perkin Elmer Life Sciences GmbH, Koln, Germany). Analysis of the s was d out with Prism 5 for Windows (version 5.0, GraphPad Software Inc., San Diego, California, USA). EC50 values calculated by the analysis program from the sigmoidal dose response curves were used for comparison of cytotoxic activity (see Figure 5). 8.2 Potency of redirecting stimulated human effector Tcells against human BCMA- transfected CHO cells The cytotoxic activity of BCMA/CD3 bispecific antibodies was analyzed in a 51-chromium (“CD release cytotoxicity assay using CHO cells transfected with human BCMA as target cells, and stimulated enriched human CD8 T cells as effector cells. The experiment was carried out as described in Example 8.1.
All BCMA/CD3 bispecific antibodies of epitope cluster E3 showed very potent cytotoxic activity against human BCMA transfected CHO cells with alues in the 1-digit pg/ml range or even below (Figure 9 and Table 5). So the epitope cluster E3 presents with a very favorable epitope-activity relationship supporting very potent bispecific antibody mediated xic activity.
Table 5: EC50 values ] of BCMA/CD3 bispecific antibodies of the epitope cluster E3 ed in a omium (“CD release cytotoxicity assay using CHO cells transfected with human BCMA as target cells, and stimulated enriched human CD8 T cells as effector cells.
BCMA/CD3 ific antibody EC50 [pg/ml] 8.3 FACS—based cytotoxicity assay with unstimulated human PBMC Isolation of effector cells Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were prepared by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation from enriched lymphocyte preparations (buffy coats), a side product of blood banks collecting blood for transfusions. Buffy coats were ed by a local blood bank and PBMC were prepared on the same day of blood collection. After Ficoll density centrifugation and extensive washes with Dulbecco’s PBS (Gibco), remaining erythrocytes were removed from PBMC via incubation with erythrocyte lysis buffer (155 mM NH4CI, 10 mM KHCOs, 100 uM EDTA). Platelets were removed via the supernatant upon centrifugation of PBMC at 100 xg.
Remaining lymphocytes mainly encompass B and T lymphocytes, NK cells and tes.
PBMC were kept in culture at 37°C/5% COZ in RPMI medium (Gibco) with 10% FCS (Gibco).
Depletion of CD14+ and CD56+ cells 2012/072699 For ion of CD14+ cells, human CD14 MicroBeads ny Biotec, MACS, #130201) were used, for depletion of NK cells human CD56 MicroBeads (MACS, #130401). PBMC were counted and fuged for 10 min at room temperature with 300 x g. The atant was discarded and the cell pellet resuspended in MACS isolation buffer [80 uL/ 107 cells; PBS (lnvitrogen, #20012-043), 0.5% (v/v) FBS (Gibco, #10270-106), 2 mM EDTA (Sigma-Aldrich, #E-6511)]. CD14 MicroBeads and CD56 MicroBeads (20 uL/107 cells) were added and incubated for 15 min at 4 - 8°C. The cells were washed with MACS isolation buffer (1 - 2 mL/107 cells). After centrifugation (see above), supernatant was discarded and cells resuspended in MACS isolation buffer (500 uL/108 cells). CD14/CD56 negative cells were then isolated using LS Columns (Miltenyi Biotec, #130401). PBMC w/o CD56+ cells were cultured in RPMI complete medium i.e. 40 (Biochrom AG, #FG1215) supplemented with 10% FBS rom AG, ), 1x non-essential amino acids (Biochrom AG, #K0293), 10 mM Hepes buffer (Biochrom AG, #L1613), 1 mM sodium pyruvate (Biochrom AG, #L0473) and 100 U/mL penicillin/streptomycin (Biochrom AG, #A2213) at 37°C in an incubator until needed.
Target cell labeling For the analysis of cell lysis in flow try assays, the fluorescent membrane dye DiOC18 (DiO) (Molecular Probes, #V22886) was used to label human BCMA- or macaque BCMA- transfected CHO cells as target cells and distinguish them from effector cells. Briefly, cells were harvested, washed once with PBS and adjusted to 106 cell/mL in PBS containing 2 % (v/v) FBS and the membrane dye DiO (5 uL/106 cells). After incubation for 3 min at 37°C, cells were washed twice in complete RPMI medium and the cell number adjusted to 1.25 x 105 mL.
The vitality of cells was determined using 0.5 % (v/v) isotonic EosinG solution (Roth, #45380).
Flow cytometry based analysis This assay was designed to fy the lysis of macaque or human BCMA-transfected CHO cells in the presence of serial dilutions of BCMA bispecific antibodies.
Equal volumes of DiO-labeled target cells and effector cells (i.e., PBMC w/o CD14+ cells) were mixed, resulting in an E:T cell ratio of 10:1. 160 uL of this suspension were transferred to each well of a 96-well plate. 40 uL of serial dilutions of the BCMA bispecific antibodies and a negative control bispecific (an CD3-based bispecific dy recognizing an irrelevant target antigen) or 3O RPMI complete medium as an additional negative control were added. The bispecific antibody- mediated cytotoxic reaction proceeded for 48 hours in a 7% C02 humidified incubator. Then cells were transferred to a new 96-well plate and loss of target cell ne integrity was monitored by adding propidium iodide (PI) at a final concentration of 1 ug/mL. PI is a membrane impermeable dye that normally is excluded from viable cells, whereas dead cells take it up and become identifiable by fluorescent emission.
Samples were measured by flow cytometry on a FACSCanto ll instrument and analyzed by FACSDiva software (both from Becton Dickinson).
Target cells were identified as DiO-positive cells. Pl-negative target cells were classified as living target cells. Percentage of cytotoxicity was calculated according to the following formula: Cytotoxicity [%] :M x 100 target cells n = number of events Using GraphPad Prism 5 software (Graph Pad Software, San Diego), the percentage of cytotoxicity was plotted against the corresponding bispecific antibody concentrations. Dose response curves were analyzed with the four parametric logistic regression models for evaluation of sigmoid dose response curves with fixed hill slope and EC50 values were calculated. 8.4 Unstimulated human PBMC against human BCMA-transfected target cells The cytotoxic activity of BCMA/CD3 bispecific antibodies was ed in a FACS-based cytotoxicity assay using CHO cells transfected with human BCMA as target cells, and unstimulated human PBMC as effector cells. The assay was carried out as described above le 8.3).
The results of the FACS—based cytotoxicity assays with unstimulated human PBMC as effector cells and human ransfected CHO cells as targets are shown in Figure 10 and Table 6.
Table 6: EC50 values [pg/ml] of BCMA/CD3 bispecific antibodies of epitope cluster E3 as ed in a r FACS—based cytotoxicity assay with ulated human PBMC as effector cells and CHO cells transfected with human BCMA as target cells.
BCMA/CD3 bispecific antibody EC50 [pg/ml] BCMA-34 BCMA-74 BCMA-20 Example 9 9.1 Exclusion of cross-reactivity with BAFF-receptor For flow cytometry, 200,000 cells of the tive cell lines were incubated for 30 min on ice with 50 pl of purified bispecific molecules at a concentration of 5 ug/ml. The cells were washed twice in PBS with 2% FCS and binding of the constructs was detected with a murine PentaHis antibody (Qiagen; diluted 1:20 in 50 pl PBS with 2% FCS). After washing, bound PentaHis antibodies were detected with an Fc gamma-specific antibody (Dianova) conjugated to phycoerythrin, diluted 1:100 in PBS with 2% FCS. Samples were measured by flow cytometry on a FACSCanto || instrument and analyzed by va software (both from Becton son). The bispecific binders were shown to not be cross-reactive with BAFF receptor. 9.2 Exclusion of D3 ific antibody reactivity with human BAFF- receptor (BAFF-R) and TACI For exclusion of binding to human BAFF-R and TACI, BCMA/CD3 bispecific antibodies were tested by flow cytometry using CHO cells ected with human BAFF-R and TACI, respectively. er, L363 multiple myeloma cells were used as positive control for binding to human BCMA. Expression of BAFF-R and TACI antigen on CHO cells was confirmed by two positive control antibodies. Flow cytometry was performed as bed in the previous example.
Flow cytometric analysis confirmed that none of the BCMA/CD3 bispecific antibodies of the epitope cluster E3 cross-reacts with human BAFF-R or human TACI (see Figure 11).
Example 10 Cytotoxic activity The potency of human-like BCMA bispecific antibodies in redirecting effector T cells against BCMA-expressing target cells is analyzed in five additional in vitro cytotoxicity assays: 1. The potency of BCMA ific antibodies in redirecting stimulated human effector T cells against a BCMA-positive (human) tumor cell line is ed in a 51-chromium e assay. 2. The potency of BCMA bispecific antibodies in redirecting the Tcells in ulated human PBMC against human BCMA-transfected CHO cells is measured in a FACS-based cytotoxicity assay. 3. The potency of BCMA ific dies in redirecting the Tcells in unstimulated human PBMC against a BCMA-positive (human) tumor cell line is measured in a FACS-based cytotoxicity assay. 4. For confirmation that the cross-reactive BCMA bispecific antibodies are capable of redirecting macaque Tcells against macaque BCMA-transfected CHO cells, a FACS-based xicity assay is med with a macaque T cell line as effector T cells.
. The potency gap between monomeric and dimeric forms of BCMA bispecific antibodies is determined in a 51-chromium release assay using human BCMA-transfected CHO cells as target cells and stimulated human T cells as effector cells.
Example 11 ated human T cells against the BCMA-positive human multiple myeloma cell line L363 The xic activity of BCMA/CD3 ific antibodies was analyzed in a 51-chromium (“CD release cytotoxicity assay using the BCMA-positive human multiple myeloma cell line L363 (DSMZ No. ACC49) as source of target cells, and stimulated enriched human CD8 T cells as effector cells. The assay was carried out as described in Example 8.1.
In accordance with the results of the 51-chromium release assays with stimulated enriched human CD8 T lymphocytes as effector cells and human BCMA-transfected CHO cells as targets, D3 bispecific antibodies of epitope cluster E3 are very potent in cytotoxic activity (Figure 12 and Table 7).
Another group of antibodies was identified during epitope clustering (see Examples 1 and 3), which is capable of binding to epitope clusters 1 and 4 of BCMA 4”). Unexpectedly, BCMA/CD3 bispecific antibodies of epitope cluster E1/E4 — although potent in cytotoxic activity against CHO cell transfected with human BCMA — proved to be rather weakly cytotoxic against the human multiple myeloma cell line L363 expressing native BCMA at low density on the cell surface (Figure 12 and Table 7). Without wishing to be bound by , the inventors e that the E1/E4 e of human BCMA might be less well accessible on natural BCMA expressers than on BCMA-transfected cells.
Table 7: EC50 values [pg/ml] of BCMA/CD3 bispecific antibodies of epitope clusters E1/E4 (rows 1 and 2) and E3 (rows 3 to 8) analyzed in an 18-hour 51-chromium (“CD release cytotoxicity assay with the BCMA-positive human multiple myeloma cell line L363 as source of target cells, and ated enriched human CD8 T cells as effector cells.
Example 12 Unstimulated human PBMC against the BCMA-positive human multiple myeloma cell line L363 The cytotoxic activity of BCMA/CD3 bispecific antibodies was furthermore analyzed in a FACS- based cytotoxicity assay using the BCMA-positive human multiple myeloma cell line L363 (DSMZ, ACC49) - showing the weakest surface expression of native BCMA of all tested target T cell lines - as source of target cells and unstimulated human PBMC as effector cells. The assay was carried out as described above (Example 8.3).
As observed in the 51-chromium release assay with stimulated ed human CD8 T lymphocytes against the human multiple myeloma cell line L363, the BCMA/CD3 bispecific antibodies of epitope cluster E1/E4 — in contrast to their potent cytotoxic activity against CHO cell transfected with human BCMA — proved to be again less potent in cting the xic activity of unstimulated PBMC against the human multiple myeloma cell line L363 expressing native BCMA at low density on the cell surface. This is in line with the theory provided above, i.e., the E1/E4 epitope of human BCMA may be less well accessible on natural BCMA expressers than on BCMA-transfected cells. D3 bispecific antibodies of the epitope cluster E3 presented with 3-digit pg/ml EC50-values in this assay (see Figure 13 and Table 8).
Table 8: EC50 values [pg/ml] of BCMA/CD3 bispecific antibodies of epitope rs E1/E4 (rows 1 and 2) and E3 (rows 3 to 8) as measured in a 48-hour FACS—based cytotoxicity assay with unstimulated human PBMC as effector cells and the human multiple myeloma cell line L363 as source of target cells. -1——n~_ _—E_ Expectedly, EC50-values were higher in cytotoxicity assays with unstimulated PBMC as effector cells than in cytotoxicity assays using enriched stimulated human CD8 T cells.
Example 13 Unstimulated human PBMC against the ositive human multiple myeloma cell line NCI-H929 The cytotoxic activity of BCMA/CD3 bispecific antibodies was analyzed in a FACS-based cytotoxicity assay using the BCMA-positive human multiple myeloma cell line NCl-H929 (ATCC 68) as source of target cells and unstimulated human PBMC as or cells. The assay was carried out as described above (Example 8.3).
The results of this assay with another human multiple myeloma cell line (i.e. NCl-H929) expressing native BCMA on the cell surface confirm those obtained with human le myeloma cell line L363. Again, BCMA/CD3 bispecific antibodies of epitope cluster E1/E4 — in contrast to their potent cytotoxic activity against CHO cell ected with human BCMA — proved to be less potent in redirecting the cytotoxic activity of unstimulated PBMC against human multiple a cells confirming the theory that the E1/E4 epitope of human BCMA may be less well accessible on l BCMA expressers than on BCMA-transfected cells.
Such an activity gap between BCMA-transfected target cells and natural expressers as seen for the E1/E4 binders was not found for the E3. BCMA/CD3 bispecific antibodies of the epitope cluster E3 presented with 2- to t pg/ml EC50-values and hence redirected unstimulated PBMC against NCl-H929 target cells with very good EC50-values (see Figure 14 and Table 9).
Table 9: EC50 values [pg/ml] of BCMA/CD3 bispecific dies of e clusters E1/E4 (rows 1 and 2) and E3 (rows 3 to 8) as measured in a 48-hour FACS—based cytotoxicity assay with unstimulated human PBMC as effector cells and the human multiple myeloma cell line NCI- H929 as source of target cells.
As expected, EC50-values were lower with the human multiple myeloma cell line NCl-H929, which expresses higher levels of BCMA on the cell surface compared to L363.
Example 14 Macaque T cells against macaque BCMA-expressing target cells Finally, the xic activity of BCMA/CD3 bispecific antibodies was analyzed in a FACS—based cytotoxicity assay using CHO cells ected with macaque BCMA as target cells, and a macaque T cell line as source of effector cells.
The macaque T cell line 4119Lan (Knappe et al. Blood 95:3256-61 (2000)) was used as source of effector cells. Target cell labeling of macaque BCMA-transfected CHO cells and flow cytometry based analysis of cytotoxic activity was med as described above.
Macaque Tcells from cell line 4119Lan were induced to efficiently kill macaque BCMA- transfected CHO cells by BCMA/CD3 ific antibodies of the E3 e cluster. The antibodies presented very potently with t to low 2—digit pg/ml EC50-values in this assay, confirming that these antibodies are very active in the macaque system. On the other hand, BCMA/CD3 bispecific antibodies of the epitope cluster E1/E4 showed a significantly weaker potency with EC50-values in the 2—digit to 3-digit pg/ml range (see Figure 15 and Table 10). The E3 specific antibodies are hence about 3 to almost 100 times more potent in the macaque system.
Table 10: EC50 values [pg/ml] of BCMA/CD3 bispecific dies of epitope clusters E1/E4 (rows 1 and 2) and E3 (rows 3 to 8) as measured in a 48-hour FACS—based cytotoxicity assay with macaque T cell line 4119Lan as effector cells and CHO cells transfected with macaque BCMA as target cells. _—n~_ Example 15 Potency gap between BCMA/CD3 bispecific antibody monomer and dimer WO 72406 In order to determine the difference in cytotoxic activity between the monomeric and the dimeric isoform of individual BCMA/CD3 bispecific antibodies (referred to as potency gap), a 51- chromium release cytotoxicity assay as described hereinabove (Example 8.1) was carried out with purified BCMA/CD3 ific antibody r and dimer. The potency gap was calculated as ratio between EC50 values of the bispecific antibody’s monomer and dimer. y gaps of the tested BCMA/CD3 bispecific antibodies of the epitope cluster E3 were between 0.03 and 1.2. There is hence no substantially more active dimer compared to its respective monomer.
Example 16 Monomer to dimer conversion after three freeze/thaw cycles Bispecific BCMA/CD3 antibody monomer were subjected to three freeze/thaw cycles followed by high performance SEC to determine the percentage of initially monomeric dy, which had been converted into antibody dimer. pg of monomeric antibody were adjusted to a concentration of 250 pg/ml with generic buffer and then frozen at -80°C for 30 min followed by thawing for 30 min at room ature. After three freeze/thaw cycles the dimer t was determined by HP-SEC. To this end, 15 pg aliquots of the monomeric isoforms of the antibodies were thawed and zed to a concentration of 250 pg/ml in the original SEC buffer (10 mM citric acid — 75 mM lysine HCl — 4% trehalose - pH 7.2) followed by incubation at 37°C for 7 days. A high resolution SEC Column TSK Gel G3000 SWXL (Tosoh, Japan) was connected to an Akta Purifier 10 FPLC (GE Lifesciences) equipped with an A905 Autosampler. Column equilibration and running buffer consisted of 100 mM KH2PO4 — 200 mM NaZSO4 adjusted to pH 6.6. After 7 days of incubation, the antibody solution (15 pg protein) was applied to the equilibrated column and elution was carried out at a flow rate of 0.75 ml/min at a maximum pressure of 7 MPa. The whole run was monitored at 280, 254 and 210 nm optical absorbance. Analysis was done by 3O peak integration of the 210 nm signal recorded in the Akta Unicorn software run tion sheet. Dimer t was calculated by dividing the area of the dimer peak by the total area of monomer plus dimer peak.
The BCMA/CD3 bispecific antibodies of the epitope r E3 presented with dimer percentages of 0.7 to 1.1% after three freeze/thaw cycles, which is considered good. However, the dimer conversion rates of BCMA/CD3 bispecific antibodies of the e cluster E1/E4 reached unfavorably high values, ing the threshold to disadvantageous dimer values of 22.5% (4.7% and 3.8%, tively), see Table 11.
Table 11: Percentage of monomeric versus dimeric BCMA/CD3 bispecific antibodies of epitope clusters E1/E4 (rows 1 and 2) and E3 (rows 3 to 8) after three freeze/thaw cycles as determined by High Performance Size Exclusion Chromatography (HP-SEC).
Example 17 Thermostability Temperature melting curves were determined by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) to determine intrinsic biophysical protein stabilities of the BCMA/CD3 bispecific antibodies. These experiments were performed using a MicroCal LLC (Northampton, MA, USA) VP-DSC device.
The energy uptake of a sample containing BCMA/CD3 bispecific antibody was recorded from 20 to 90°C compared to a sample which just contained the antibody’s formulation buffer.
In detail, D3 bispecific antibodies were adjusted to a final concentration of 250 ug/ml in storage buffer. 300 pl of the prepared n solutions were transferred into a deep well plate and placed into the cooled autosampler rack position of the DSC device. Additional wells were filled with the SEC running buffer as reference material for the ement. For the measurement process the protein on was transferred by the mpler into a capillary.
An additional capillary was filled with the SEC g buffer as reference. Heating and recording of required heating energy to heat up both capillaries at equal temperature ranging from 20 to 90°C was done for all samples.
For recording of the respective melting curve, the overall sample temperature was increased se. At each ature Tenergy uptake of the sample and the formulation buffer reference was recorded. The difference in energy uptake Cp (kcal/mole/°C) of the sample minus the nce was d against the respective ature. The melting temperature is d as the temperature at the first maximum of energy uptake.
All tested BCMA/CD3 bispecific antibodies of the e cluster E3 showed favorable thermostability with melting temperatures above 60°C, more precisely between 61.62°C and Example 18 Exclusion of plasma interference by flow cytometry To determine potential ction of BCMA/CD3 bispecific antibodies with human plasma proteins, a plasma interference test was established. To this end, 10 ug/ml of the respective BCMA/CD3 bispecific antibodies were incubated for one hour at 37°C in 90 % human plasma.
Subsequently, the binding to human BCMA sing CHO cells was determined by flow cytometry.
For flow cytometry, 200,000 cells of the respective cell lines were incubated for 30 min on ice with 50 pl of purified antibody at a concentration of 5 ug/ml. The cells were washed twice in PBS/2% FCS and binding of the constructs was detected with a murine PentaHis antibody (Qiagen; diluted 1:20 in 50 pl PBS/2% FCS). After washing, bound PentaHis antibodies were ed with an Fc gamma-specific antibody (Dianova) conjugated to phycoerythrin, diluted 1:100 in PBS/2% FCS. Samples were measured by flow cytometry on a FACSCanto ll instrument and analyzed by FACSDiva software (both from Becton Dickinson).
The obtained data were compared with a control assay using PBS instead of human plasma.
Relative binding was calculated as follows: (signal PBS sample / signal w/o detection agent) / (signal plasma sample / signal w/o detection agenb.
In this experiment it became obvious that there was no significant reduction of target g of the respective D3 bispecific antibodies of the epitope cluster E3 ed by plasma proteins. The relative plasma interference value was below a value of 2 in all cases, more precisely between 1.29 1r 0.25 and 1.70 1r 0.26 (with a value of “2” being considered as lower threshold for interference signals).
Example 19 Therapeutic efficacy of BCMAICD3 bispecific antibodies in human tumor xenograft models On day 1 of the study, 5x106 cells of the human cancer cell line NCl-H929 were subcutaneously injected in the right dorsal flank of female NOD/SCID mice.
On day 9, when the mean tumor volume had reached about 100 mm3, in vitro expanded human CD3+ T cells were transplanted into the mice by injection of about 2x107 cells into the peritoneal cavity of the animals. Mice of vehicle control group 1 (n=5) did not receive effector cells and were used as an untransplanted control for comparison with vehicle control group2 (n=10, ing effector cells) to monitor the impact of T cells alone on tumor .
The antibody treatment started on day 13, when the mean tumor volume had reached about 200 mm3. The mean tumor size of each treatment group on the day of ent start was not statistically different from any other group (analysis of variance). Mice were treated with 0.5 mg/kg/day of the BCMA/CD3 bispecific antibodies BCMA-98xCD3 (group 3, n=7) or BCMA-34 x CD3 (group 4, n=6) by intravenous bolus injection for 17 days.
Tumors were measured by caliper during the study and progress ted by intergroup comparison of tumor volumes (TV). The tumor growth inhibition T/C [%] was determined by ating TV as T/C% = 100 x (median TV of analyzed group)/(median TV of control group 2). The results are shown in Table 12 and Figure 16.
Table 12: Median tumor volume (TV) and tumor growth inhibition (T/C) at days 13 to 30.
Dose group 1Vehi. med.TV 238 288 395 425 543 632 863 1067 1116 1396 2023 control [mm] T/C[%]120 123 127 118 104 114 122 113 87 85 110 Tcells med.TV 198 235 310 361 525 553 706 942 1290 1636 1839 [mm] med.TV a 207 243 248 235 164 137 93.5 46.2 21.2 [mm] BCMA- med.TV A 206 233 212 189 154 119 56.5 17.4 [mm] BCMA- e 20 Exclusion of lysis of target negative cells An in vitro lysis assay was carried out using the BCMA-positive human multiple myeloma cell line NCl-H929 and purified T cells at an effector to target cell ratio of 5:1 and with an incubation time of 24 hours. BCMA/CD3 bispecific dies of epitope cluster E3 (BCMA-34 and BCMA- 98) showed high y and efficacy in the lysis of NCl-H929. However, no lysis was detected in the BCMA ve cell lines HL60 (AML / myeloblast morphology), MES-SA s sarcoma, fibroblast morphology), and SNU-16 (stomach carcinoma, epithelial morphology) for up to 500 nM of the respective antibody.
Example 21 Induction of T cell activation of different PBMC subsets A FACS—based cytotoxicity assay (48h; E:T = 10:1) was carried out using human multiple myeloma cell lines NCl-H929, L-363 and OPM-2 as target cells and different subsets of human PBMC (CD4+ / CD8+ / CD25+ / CD69+) as effector cells. The results (see Table 13) show that the degree of activation, as measured by the EC50 value, is essentially in the same range for the different analyzed PBMC subsets.
Table 13: EC50 values ] of BCMA/CD3 bispecific antibodies of epitope cluster E3 as measured in a 48-hour FACS—based cytotoxicity assay with different subsets of human PBMC as effector cells and different human multiple myeloma cell lines as target cells.
Cell line PBMC BCMA-98 x CD3 BCMA-34 x CD3 NCI-H929 e 22 Induction of cytokine release A FACS—based cytotoxicity assay (48h; E:T = 10:1) was carried out using human multiple myeloma cell lines NCl-H929, L-363 and OPM-2 as target cells and human PBMC as effector cells. The levels of cytokine release ] were determined at increasing trations of BCMA/CD3 bispecific antibodies of epitope cluster E3. The following cytokines were analyzed: ”-2, lL-6, lL-10, TNF and IFN-gamma. The results are shown in Table 14 and Figure 17.
Table 14: Release of |L-2, |L-6, |L-10, TNF and IFN-gamma [pg/ml] induced by 2.5 ug/ml of BCMA/CD3 bispecific antibodies of epitope r E3 (BCMA-98 and 4) in a 48-hour FACS—based cytotoxicity assay with human PBMC as effector cells and different human multiple myeloma cell lines as target cells (E:T = 10:1).
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Claims (24)

Claims
1. A binding molecule which is at least bispecific comprising a first and a second binding domain, wherein (a) the first binding domain binds to epitope cluster 3 of BCMA (CQLRCSSNTPPLTCQRYC); and (b) the second binding domain binds to the T cell CD3 receptor complex; wherein e cluster 3 of BCMA corresponds to amino acid residues 24 to 41 of the sequence as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 1002.
2. The binding le according to claim 1, wherein the first binding domain is further capable of binding to epitope cluster 3 of macaque BCMA (CQLRCSSTPPLTCQRYC).
3. The binding le according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the second binding domain binds to CD3 epsilon.
4. The binding molecule according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the second binding domain binds to human CD3 and to macaque CD3.
5. The binding le according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the first and/or the second binding domain are derived from an antibody.
6. The binding le according to claim 5, which is selected from the group consisting of (scFv)2, e domain mAb)2, scFv-single domain mAb, diabodies and oligomers f.
7. The binding molecule according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the first binding domain comprises a VH region sing CDR-H1, CDR-H2 and CDR-H3 and a VL region comprising CDR-L1, CDR-L2 and CDR-L3 selected from the group consisting of: (1) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 1, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 2, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 3, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 4, CDR-L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 5 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 6; (2) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 11, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 12, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 13, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 14, CDR-L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 15 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 16; (3) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 21, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 22, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 23, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 24, CDR-L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 25 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 26; (4) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 31, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 32, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 33, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 34, CDR-L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 35 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 36; (5) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 41, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 42, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 43, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 44, CDR-L2 as ed in SEQ ID NO: 45 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 46; (6) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 51, CDR-H2 as ed in SEQ ID NO: 52, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 53, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 54, CDR-L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 55 and CDR-L3 as ed in SEQ ID NO: 56; (7) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 61, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 62, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 63, CDR-L1 as ed in SEQ ID NO: 64, CDR-L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 65 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 66; (8) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 71, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 72, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 73, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 74, CDR-L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 75 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 76; (9) CDR-H1 as ed in SEQ ID NO: 161, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 162, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 163, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 164, CDR-L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 165 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 166; (10) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 171, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 172, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 173, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 174, CDR-L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 175 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 176; (11) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 181, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 182, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 183, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 184, CDR-L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 185 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 186; (12) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 191, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 192, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 193, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 194, CDR-L2 as ed in SEQ ID NO: 195 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 196; (13) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 201, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 202, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 203, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 204, CDR-L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 205 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 206; (14) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 211, CDR-H2 as ed in SEQ ID NO: 212, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 213, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO:214 , CDR-L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 215 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 216; (15) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 221, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 222, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 223, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 224, CDR-L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 225 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 226; (16) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 311, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 312, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 313, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 314, CDR-L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 315 and CDR-L3 as ed in SEQ ID NO: 316; (17) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 321, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 322, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 323, CDR-L1 as ed in SEQ ID NO: 324, CDR-L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 325 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 326; (18) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 331, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 332, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 333, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 334, CDR-L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 335 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 336; (19) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 341, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 342, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 343, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 344, CDR-L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 345 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 346; (20) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 351, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 352, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 353, CDR-L1 as ed in SEQ ID NO: 354, CDR-L2 as ed in SEQ ID NO: 355 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 356; (21) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 361, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 362, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 363, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 364, CDR-L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 365 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 366; (22) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 371, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 372, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 373, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 374, CDR-L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 375 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 376; (23) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 381, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 382, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 383, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 384, CDR-L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 385 and CDR-L3 as ed in SEQ ID NO: 386; (24) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 581, CDR-H2 as ed in SEQ ID NO: 582, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 583, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 584, CDR-L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 585 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 586; (25) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 591, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 592, CDR-H3 as ed in SEQ ID NO: 593, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 594, CDR-L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 595 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 596; (26) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 601, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 602, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 603, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 604, CDR-L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 605 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 606; (27) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 611, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 612, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 613, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 614, CDR-L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 615 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 616; (28) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 621, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 622, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 623, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 624, CDR-L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 625 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 626; (29) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 631, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 632, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 633, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 634, CDR-L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 635 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 636; (30) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 641, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 642, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 643, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 644, CDR-L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 645 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 646; (31) CDR-H1 as ed in SEQ ID NO: 651, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 652, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 653, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 654, CDR-L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 655 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 656; (32) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 661, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 662, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 663, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 664, CDR-L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 665 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 666; (33) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 671, CDR-H2 as ed in SEQ ID NO: 672, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 673, CDR-L1 as ed in SEQ ID NO: 674, CDR-L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 675 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 676; (34) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 681, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 682, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 683, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 684, CDR-L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 685 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 686; (35) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 691, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 692, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 693, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 694, CDR-L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 695 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 696; (36) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 701, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 702, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 703, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 704, CDR-L2 as ed in SEQ ID NO: 705 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 706; (37) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 711, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 712, CDR-H3 as ed in SEQ ID NO: 713, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 714, CDR-L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 715 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 716; (38) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 721, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 722, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 723, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 724, CDR-L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 725 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 726; (39) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 731, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 732, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 733, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 734, CDR-L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 735 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 736; (40) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 741, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 742, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 743, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 744, CDR-L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 745 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 746; (41) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 751, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 752, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 753, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 754, CDR-L2 as ed in SEQ ID NO: 755 and CDR-L3 as ed in SEQ ID NO: 756; (42) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 761, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 762, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 763, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 764, CDR-L2 as ed in SEQ ID NO: 765 and CDR-L3 as ed in SEQ ID NO: 766; (43) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 771, CDR-H2 as ed in SEQ ID NO: 772, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 773, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 774, CDR-L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 775 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 776; (44) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 781, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 782, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 783, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 784, CDR-L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 785 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 786; (45) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 791, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 792, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 793, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 794, CDR-L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 795 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 796; (46) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 801, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 802, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 803, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 804, CDR-L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 805 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 806; (47) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 811, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 812, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 813, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 814, CDR-L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 815 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 816; (48) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 821, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 822, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 823, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 824, CDR-L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 825 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 826; (49) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 831, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 832, CDR-H3 as ed in SEQ ID NO: 833, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 834, CDR-L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 835 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 836; (50) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 961, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 962, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 963, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 964, CDR-L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 965 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 966; (51) CDR-H1 as ed in SEQ ID NO: 971, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 972, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 973, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 974, CDR-L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 975 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 976; (52) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 981, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 982, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 983, CDR-L1 as ed in SEQ ID NO: 984, CDR-L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 985 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 986; and (53) CDR-H1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 991, CDR-H2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 992, CDR-H3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 993, CDR-L1 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 994, CDR-L2 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 995 and CDR-L3 as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 996.
8. The binding molecule according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein the first g domain comprises a VH region selected from the group consisting of VH regions as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 37, SEQ ID NO: 47, SEQ ID NO: 57, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 77, SEQ ID NO: 167, SEQ ID NO: 177, SEQ ID NO: 187, SEQ ID NO: 197, SEQ ID NO: 207, SEQ ID NO: 217, SEQ ID NO: 227, SEQ ID NO: 317, SEQ ID NO: 327, SEQ ID NO: 337, SEQ ID NO: 347, SEQ ID NO: 357, SEQ ID NO: 367, SEQ ID NO: 377, SEQ ID NO: 387, SEQ ID NO: 587, SEQ ID NO: 597, SEQ ID NO: 607, SEQ ID NO: 617, SEQ ID NO: 627, SEQ ID NO: 637, SEQ ID NO: 647, SEQ ID NO: 657, SEQ ID NO: 667, SEQ ID NO: 677, SEQ ID NO: 687, SEQ ID NO: 697, SEQ ID NO: 707, SEQ ID NO: 717, SEQ ID NO: 727, SEQ ID NO: 737, SEQ ID NO: 747, SEQ ID NO: 757, SEQ ID NO: 767, SEQ ID NO: 777, SEQ ID NO: 787, SEQ ID NO: 797, SEQ ID NO: 807, SEQ ID NO: 817, SEQ ID NO: 827, SEQ ID NO: 837, SEQ ID NO: 967, SEQ ID NO: 977, SEQ ID NO: 987, and SEQ ID NO: 997.
9. The binding molecule according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein the first binding domain comprises a VL region selected from the group consisting of VL regions as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 38, SEQ ID NO: 48, SEQ ID NO: 58, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 78, SEQ ID NO: 168, SEQ ID NO: 178, SEQ ID NO: 188, SEQ ID NO: 198, SEQ ID NO: 208, SEQ ID NO: 218, SEQ ID NO: 228, SEQ ID NO: 318, SEQ ID NO: 328, SEQ ID NO: 338, SEQ ID NO: 348, SEQ ID NO: 358, SEQ ID NO: 368, SEQ ID NO: 378, SEQ ID NO: 388, SEQ ID NO: 588, SEQ ID NO: 598, SEQ ID NO: 608, SEQ ID NO: 618, SEQ ID NO: 628, SEQ ID NO: 638, SEQ ID NO: 648, SEQ ID NO: 658, SEQ ID NO: 668, SEQ ID NO: 678, SEQ ID NO: 688, SEQ ID NO: 698, SEQ ID NO: 708, SEQ ID NO: 718, SEQ ID NO: 728, SEQ ID NO: 738, SEQ ID NO: 748, SEQ ID NO: 758, SEQ ID NO: 768, SEQ ID NO: 778, SEQ ID NO: 788, SEQ ID NO: 798, SEQ ID NO: 808, SEQ ID NO: 818, SEQ ID NO: 828, SEQ ID NO: 838, SEQ ID NO: 968, SEQ ID NO: 978, SEQ ID NO: 988, and SEQ ID NO: 998.
10. The binding molecule according to any one of claims 1-9, n the first binding domain ses a VH region and a VL region selected from the group consisting of: (1) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 7, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 8; (2) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 17, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 18; (3) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 27, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 28; (4) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 37, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 38; (5) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 47, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 48; (6) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 57, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 58; (7) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 67, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 68; (8) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 77, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 78; (9) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 167, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 168; (10) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 177, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 178; (11) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 187, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 188; (12) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 197, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 198; (13) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 207, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 208; (14) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 217, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 218; (15) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 227, and a VL region as ed in SEQ ID NO: 228; (16) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 317, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 318; (17) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 327, and a VL region as ed in SEQ ID NO: 328; (18) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 337, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 338; (19) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 347, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 348; (20) a VH region as ed in SEQ ID NO: 357, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 358; (21) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 367, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 368; (22) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 377, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 378; (23) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 387, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 388; (24) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 587, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 588; (25) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 597, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 598; (26) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 607, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 608; (27) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 617, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 618; (28) a VH region as ed in SEQ ID NO: 627, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 628; (29) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 637, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 638; (30) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 647, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 648; (31) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 657, and a VL region as ed in SEQ ID NO: 658; (32) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 667, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 668; (33) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 677, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 678; (34) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 687, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 688; (35) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 697, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 698; (36) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 707, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 708; (37) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 717, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 718; (38) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 727, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 728; (39) a VH region as ed in SEQ ID NO: 737, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 738; (40) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 747, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 748; (41) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 757, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 758; (42) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 767, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 768; (43) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 777, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 778; (44) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 787, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 788; (45) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 797, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 798; (46) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 807, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 808; (47) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 817, and a VL region as ed in SEQ ID NO: 818; (48) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 827, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 828; (49) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 837, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 838; (50) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 967, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 968; (51) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 977, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 978; (52) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 987, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 988; and (53) a VH region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 997, and a VL region as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 998.
11. The binding le according to claim 10, wherein the first binding domain ses an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 39, SEQ ID NO: 49, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 69, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 169, SEQ ID NO: 179, SEQ ID NO: 189, SEQ ID NO: 199, SEQ ID NO: 209, SEQ ID NO: 219, SEQ ID NO: 229, SEQ ID NO: 319, SEQ ID NO: 329, SEQ ID NO: 339, SEQ ID NO: 349, SEQ ID NO: 359, SEQ ID NO: 369, SEQ ID NO: 379, SEQ ID NO: 389, SEQ ID NO: 589, SEQ ID NO: 599, SEQ ID NO: 609, SEQ ID NO: 619, SEQ ID NO: 629, SEQ ID NO: 639, SEQ ID NO: 649, SEQ ID NO: 659, SEQ ID NO: 669, SEQ ID NO: 679, SEQ ID NO: 689, SEQ ID NO: 699, SEQ ID NO: 709, SEQ ID NO: 719, SEQ ID NO: 729, SEQ ID NO: 739, SEQ ID NO: 749, SEQ ID NO: 759, SEQ ID NO: 769, SEQ ID NO: 779, SEQ ID NO: 789, SEQ ID NO: 799, SEQ ID NO: 809, SEQ ID NO: 819, SEQ ID NO: 829, SEQ ID NO: 839, SEQ ID NO: 969, SEQ ID NO: 979, SEQ ID NO: 989, and SEQ ID NO: 999.
12. The binding molecule according to any one of claims 1-6 having the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:340 or SEQ ID NO: 980.
13. The binding molecule according to any one of claims 1-12, characterized by an EC50 (pg/ml) of 350 or less, preferably 320 or less.
14. The binding molecule according to any one of claims 1-13, characterized by an EC50 (pg/ml) which equates to the EC50 (pg/ml) of any one of BC E5 33- B11-B8, BC 5G9 92-E10, BC 5G9 91-D2-B10, BC B12 B2, BC 3A4 37- A11-G1, BC A7-27 C4-G7, BC C3 B1, BC C3 33-F8-E6 B1.
15. A nucleic acid sequence encoding a binding molecule according to any one of claims 1 to 14
16. A vector sing a nucleic acid sequence according to claim 15.
17. A host cell transformed or transfected with the nucleic acid sequence as defined in claim 15 or with the vector according to claim 16, excluding transformed host cells within a human.
18. A process for the production of a binding molecule according to any one of claims 1 to 14, said process comprising culturing a host cell according to claim 17 under conditions allowing the sion of the binding le according to any one of claims 1 to 14 and recovering the produced binding molecule from the culture.
19. A pharmaceutical composition sing a binding molecule according to any one of claims 1 to 14, or produced according to the process of claim 18.
20. The binding molecule according to any one of claims 1 to 14, or produced ing to the process of claim 18 for use in the prevention, treatment or ration of a disease selected from the group consisting of plasma cell disorders, other B cell disorders that correlate with BCMA expression and autoimmune diseases.
21. Use of the binding molecule according to any one of claims 1 to 14 in the ation of a medicament for the treatment or amelioration of a disease selected from the group consisting of plasma cell disorders, other B cell disorders that correlate with BCMA expression and autoimmune es, in a subject in need f
22. The use according to claim 21, wherein the plasma cell disorder is selected from the group consisting of multiple myeloma, plasmacytoma, plasma cell leukemia, macroglobulinemia, amyloidosis, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia , solitary bone plasmacytoma, extramedullary cytoma, osteosclerotic myeloma, heavy chain diseases, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, and ring multiple myeloma.
23. The use according to claim 21, n the autoimmune disease is systemic lupus erythematodes.
24. A kit comprising a binding molecule according to any one of claims 1 to 14, a nucleic acid molecule according to claim 15, a vector according to claim 16, and/or a host cell according to claim 17.
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US201161560149P 2011-11-15 2011-11-15
US201161560144P 2011-11-15 2011-11-15
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US201161560178P 2011-11-15 2011-11-15
US201161560183P 2011-11-15 2011-11-15
US61/560,149 2011-11-15
US61/560,162 2011-11-15
US61/560,183 2011-11-15
US61/560,178 2011-11-15
US61/560,144 2011-11-15
US201261651486P 2012-05-24 2012-05-24
US201261651474P 2012-05-24 2012-05-24
US61/651,486 2012-05-24
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