NZ622043B2 - Antioxidant formulations - Google Patents

Antioxidant formulations Download PDF

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Publication number
NZ622043B2
NZ622043B2 NZ622043A NZ62204312A NZ622043B2 NZ 622043 B2 NZ622043 B2 NZ 622043B2 NZ 622043 A NZ622043 A NZ 622043A NZ 62204312 A NZ62204312 A NZ 62204312A NZ 622043 B2 NZ622043 B2 NZ 622043B2
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New Zealand
Prior art keywords
antioxidant
composition
ppm
combined
antioxidant composition
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NZ622043A
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NZ622043A (en
Inventor
Sara Cutler
Mitchell Poss
Isabella Rotberg
Ewa Szajnafuller
My Truong
Carrie Wray
Fuller Ewa Szajna
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Kemin Industries Inc
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Priority to NZ720227A priority Critical patent/NZ720227B2/en
Priority claimed from PCT/US2012/054466 external-priority patent/WO2013036934A1/en
Publication of NZ622043A publication Critical patent/NZ622043A/en
Publication of NZ622043B2 publication Critical patent/NZ622043B2/en

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23KFODDER
    • A23K20/00Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10Organic substances
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23KFODDER
    • A23K20/00Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10Organic substances
    • A23K20/105Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23KFODDER
    • A23K20/00Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10Organic substances
    • A23K20/111Aromatic compounds
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23KFODDER
    • A23K20/00Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10Organic substances
    • A23K20/158Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23KFODDER
    • A23K20/00Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10Organic substances
    • A23K20/174Vitamins
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23KFODDER
    • A23K50/00Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/40Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for carnivorous animals, e.g. cats or dogs
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K2300/00Mixtures or combinations of active ingredients, wherein at least one active ingredient is fully defined in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/53Lamiaceae or Labiatae (Mint family), e.g. thyme, rosemary or lavender
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/53Lamiaceae or Labiatae (Mint family), e.g. thyme, rosemary or lavender
    • A61K36/534Mentha (mint)
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/53Lamiaceae or Labiatae (Mint family), e.g. thyme, rosemary or lavender
    • A61K36/537Salvia (sage)
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/82Theaceae (Tea family), e.g. camellia
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P39/00General protective or antinoxious agents
    • A61P39/06Free radical scavengers or antioxidants
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11BPRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B5/00Preserving by using additives, e.g. anti-oxidants
    • C11B5/0092Mixtures

Abstract

Antioxidant formulations containing new active molecules such as lipid soluble tea catechins with tocopherols are disclosed. The best performing formulas contain extracts of green tea that are oil soluble, extracts of rosemary, extracts of spearmint and tocotrienols. Interestingly, the amount of tocopherols in formulas could be reduced by 50% in this diet when the other actives were increased accordingly. opherols in formulas could be reduced by 50% in this diet when the other actives were increased accordingly.

Description

ANTIOXIDANT FORMULATIONS Background of the Invention This application claims priority to United States Patent Application Serial No. 61/532,859, filed September 9, 2011, which is orated herein in its entirety by this reference.
The t invention relates generally to antioxidant formulations containing extracts of tea and extracts of spearmint and, more specifically, to antioxidant formulations for pet food containing soluble extracts of tea and water—soluble extracts of a Lamiaceae spp. plant such as spearmint containing, inter alia, rosmarinic acid.
Antioxidants are d at several stages of the pet food kibble manufacturing process before, during, and after extrusion. One common antioxidant comprises mixed tocopherols and/or tocotrienols. In one particular example, Naturox® Plus Dry (Kemin Industries, Inc., Des Moines, Iowa) is a dry antioxidant (DA) mixture which is added to the kibble dry recipe before it is extruded, while Naturox® Premium Liquid (Kemin Industries, Inc., Des Moines, Iowa) is a liquid antioxidant (LA) ation in oil added to the enrobing fat on the kibble’s surface.
Since LA is applied t to the bble interface, it is crucial to the oxidative stability of the kibble. The LA formulation may also be applied to the meat meal during its production in the rendering process or ly after the rendering when the meal is isolated from the offal, to control oxidation of protein and fat prior to be used in the dry meal.
Green and black teas, as well as other varieties of tea, are well known to have water soluble antioxidants which perform well in a hydrophilic food matrix. Previous attempts at suspending these water e antioxidants in oil with AAFCO (Association of American Feed Control Officials) approved ingredients at concentrations needed for use in antioxidant ations have been unsuccessful.
Summary of the Invention Recently, lipid e catechins (LSC) were identified to have antioxidant properties and maintain solubility in hydrophobic media, including vegetable oils. ive Stability Index (OSI) results of LSC in animal and vegetable fat were promising and, as a result, the material was used in this sequence of trials. These materials, in conjunction with rosemary extract, natural surfactants hin) and chelators (citric acid), were paired in formulas with the goal of creating a more versatile and equal, if not improved, formula with better efficacy.
New dry antioxidant formulations were developed to include not only fat soluble antioxidants, chelators, surfactants, but water soluble antioxidant ts from spearmint and rosemary, which provided for an improved level of efficacy, especially at accelerated temperature storage conditions. As part of the antioxidant dry formulations, the chelators were varied and included organic acids, nic phosphate, milk whey n and polyphosphate chelators with a targeted range in pH from 1.5 to 12. Surfactants for the dry formulations ed lecithin, but also may include other ionic or non—ionic surfactants that are naturally derived or from non—natural sources, to either solubilize, act as a synergist and enhancing the antioxidant properties, or to further distribute the antioxidant into the d host matrix.
For all formulations mixed tocopherols includes a single iso—form or a e of all structural isomers (alpha, beta, gamma, etc.) of tocopherols and/or ienols.
Brief Description of the gs Fig. l is a chart of peroxide values (meq/kg diet) of kibbles treated with 1000 ppm of 8 different liquid antioxidant formulations stored at 65 °C Fig. 2 is a comparison between 081 and PV (time to rancidity) s in sunflower oil treated with antioxidants Description of the Invention The best antioxidant choice for stabilization of any given product depends on multiple complex factors. One of the factors that affects the selection is the polarity of the idant.
The polarity of the antioxidant affects where the antioxidant is located in the product and whether it can interact with free radicals. For example, polar antioxidants are effective in bulk oil situations due to what is ed to as the polar paradox. The polar paradox states that polar antioxidants do not like a non—polar oil matrix and will concentrate at polar aces. In a bulk oil these interfaces include air/oil interfaces and water/oil interfaces often in the form of emulsified micelles. A non—polar antioxidant is not as effective as the antioxidant is simply diluted and sed in the general oil matrix and not concentrated at the interface. The opposite has been observed with animal protein meals and pet food diets, where non—polar antioxidants have been observed to perform the best. Numerous trials have shown that the polar antioxidants do not perform as well in these meal and diet matrices.
Previous work has ted to utilize the top antioxidants that performed well in the AOCS Official Method Cd 12b-92 oil stability index (OSI) to identify the best antioxidants for stabilization. As expected in an OSI test which measures stability on bulk oils, the polar antioxidants perform the best due to the polar x described earlier. It is common practice in the industry to use the OSI as an antioxidant screening tool. It has been our ations that the OSI is not an riate tool for predicting the best antioxidants for meals or diets, and goes counter to accepted practice. Top performing polar antioxidants include examples such as water e green tea, gallic acid, ascorbic acid, etc. In particular, water soluble green tea extracts contain a substantial quantity of the unmodified or natural leaf enols many of which are synthesized into the natural form of catechins (see, e.g., US 2007 /0286932). These antioxidants perform very poorly when they are used for meal and diet stabilization. While the best antioxidants for meals and diets are non-polar, there are a d number of natural nonpolar or oil e antioxidants. Examples include erols, ienols, camosic acid, etc.
There are other non-polar antioxidants but they do not have favorable cial pricing. The present invention discloses for the first time the use of lipid soluble catechins which have the advantage of being oil e, ically viable and suitable for replacing a large amount of conventional antioxidants while still providing effective stabilization of meals and diets. The lipid soluble catechins are shown to provide meal and diet stabilization beyond what is achievable in water soluble forms of catechins. [0011a] In an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a combined idant composition for enhancing the stability of a pet food composition or a constituent of a pet food composition comprising: a first antioxidant composition comprising at least one antioxidant, and a second antioxidant composition comprising lipid soluble tea catechins, wherein the combined idant composition exhibits similar or improved antioxidant activity compared to the first antioxidant composition. [0011b] In another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method of improving an antioxidant composition in order to enhance the stability of a pet food composition or a constituent of a pet food composition to which the antioxidant composition is added, said method comprising the step of adding at least a AH26(11399433_1):JIN portion of lipid soluble tea catechins to a first antioxidant composition , to produce a second antioxidant ition which exhibits similar or improved antioxidant activity compared to the first antioxidant composition.
In the present invention, the antioxidants, individually or in combination, can be added to the overall diet or to the oil used in the diet.
Tocopherols are traditionally applied to diets in s between 50 and 250 ppm. erols are known to be prooxidants in oils above about 5000 ppm. The ranges of tocopherols applied to oils and diets in the present invention are between 10 ppm and about 250 ppm with a preferred range or between 40 ppm and 240 ppm.
In the present invention, rosemary ts are used in the range of between 0 and 100 ppm to the diet, with a preferred range of between 0 ppm and 60 ppm to the diet, and between 0 ppm and 360 ppm to the oil with a preferred range of between 0 ppm and 200 ppm to the oil.
AH26(11399433_1):JIN In the present invention, lipid soluble catechins are used in the range of between 0 and 120 ppm to the diet, with a preferred range of between 10 ppm and 60 ppm to the diet, and between 10 ppm and 150 ppm to the oil with a preferred range of between 10 ppm and 75 ppm to the oil.
Example 1 — Addition of Lipid Soluble Tea Extract als and Methods Liquid antioxidant formulas, the compositions of which are listed Table l, were applied to extruded kibble in enrobing fat.
Table 1. Active ingredients of liquid antioxidant formulations.
Treatment Tocopherols Rosemary LSC Name (%) (%) (%) LA 1 0 0 0 LA 2 24 0.1 0 LA 3 20 0.1 2 LA 4 17 0.1 5 The n fat was treated with 3000 ppm of the liquid antioxidant formulas prior application to the kibble at 4.5%. Palatant was also applied to the kibble at 1%. Finished kibble was stored at 47 °C in individual plastic bags and analyzed for peroxide values (PV) using the FOX II Method (Gulgun , Randy L. g and Susan L. Cuppett. Comparison of four analytical s for the determination of peroxide value in ed soybean oils. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' y Volume 80, Number 2, 2003, 103—107; Nourooz—Zadeh, Jaffar; Tahaddine—Sarmadi, Javad; Birlouez—Aragon, Ines; and Wolff, Simon P. Measurement of Hydroperoxides in Edible Oils Using the Ferrous Oxidation in Xylenol Orange Assay. J. Agric Food Chem, B01 43. No. l. 1995, 17—21) every 2 weeks. ion of hexanal and 2,4— decadienal was measured at week 4 by gas chromatography (Frankel, EN. Methods to determine extent of oxidation. In: Lipid Oxidation. The Oily Press: Dundee, Scotland. Copyright 1998).
The results are presented in Table 2.
Table 2. Peroxide values and aldehydes (sum of l and 2,4—decadienal) levels of the kibble stored at 47 °C for 4 weeks. ent Name PV Aldehydes (mEq/kg sample) (ppm) LA 1 4.2 156 LA 2 2.1 69 LA 3 1.4 48 LA 4 1.3 43 After 4 weeks of g the kibble at 47 °C the study was terminated as the peroxide values for all of the treatments reached 1 mEq/kg, which is considered an indication of rancidity.
As expected, lack of antioxidants (LAl) resulted in highest peroxide value as well as level of aldehydes. More importantly, formulas containing LSC outperformed tocopherol—based antioxidant, as apparent from the peroxides values (1.4, 1.3 for LA3, LA4 vs. 2.1 for LA2) and aldehydes t (48, 43 for LA3, LA4 vs. 69 for LA2).
Example 2 — Addition of Spearmint Extract Dry antioxidant formulations, listed in Table 3, were added to kibble dry mix with a ribbon blender and extruded in sequence. Water soluble green tea extract (WSGT) standardized to 45% epigallocatechin gallate and 45% other catechins was obtained from Kemin Industries, Inc. (Des Moines, Iowa).
Table 3. Active ingredients of dry antioxidant ations.
Treatment Tocopherols Rosemary WSGT LSC Spearmint Name (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) DA 1 0 0 0 0 0 DA2 22 0.1 0 0 0 DA 3 11 5 6 0 0 DA4 11 5 0 6 0 DA 5 11 5 0 0 5 The kibbles were coated with ted chicken fat at 4.5% and palatant at 1%, and placed in storage at 25 0C, 37 °C and 47 OC. Samples were ed for peroxide values (PV) using the FOX 11 Method and secondary lipid oxidation products (hexanal and 2,4 decadienal) by gas chromatography. Results are shown in Table 4.
Table 4. Peroxide values and aldehydes (sum of hexanal and 2,4—decadienal) levels of the kibble stored at ambient temperature, 37 °C and 47 OC.
PV Aldehydes Treatment Name (mEq/kg sample) (ppm) Ambient (16 weeks) DA 1 1.9 57 DA 2 1.0 28 DA 3 1.6 44 DA 4 0.7 21 DA 5 0.7 18 37 0C (12 weeks) DA 1 7.0 296 DA 2 5.6 186 DA 3 5.8 234 DA 4 2.8 77 DA 5 1.5 38 47 °C (4 weeks) DA 1 4.2 156 DA 2 6.3 184 DA 3 5.3 187 DA 4 1.1 29 DA 5 1.1 26 The inclusion of dry antioxidant into the kibble results in higher oxidative stability as evident from lower peroxide values and aldehyde levels under the storage conditions.
Antioxidant formulas containing LSC and spearmint t performed ntially better than the erol—based formula, especially at higher temperatures. Interestingly, the LSC and WSGT containing formulations demonstrated vast differences in performance, showing that the water—soluble green tea extract did not control oxidation in the pet food matrix tested.
Exam le 3 — Evaluation of idant Activit of Li id Soluble Tea Catechins LSC b 081 The effectiveness of LSC extract in combination with tocopherols, rosemary t, and in was tested using an animal fat as a matrix. Formulations listed in Table 5 were applied to the fat at 1000 ppm and 3000 ppm levels.
Table 5. Composition of as Treatment Tocopherols Rosemary LSC Name (%) (%) (%) 0% LSC 22 0.1 0 1% LSC 21 0.1 1 2% LSC 20 0.1 2 3% LSC 19 0.1 3 % LSC 17 0.1 5 The induction period of the fat treated with antioxidant formulations (Table 6) was compared to the untreated fat.
Table 6. 081 results for chicken fat treated with antioxidant formulas.
OSI (hr) Treatment Name 1000 ppm 3000 ppm Untreated 5.9 0% LSC 21.6 31.1 1% LSC 22.1 31.9 2% LSC 23.7 35.8 3% LSC 24.1 37.7 % LSC 25.4 42.9 081 results show that the antioxidant activity of the formulas increased with higher LSC content. Samples containing 5% LSC applied to the fat at 3000 ppm had the highest induction period among tested formulations.
Example 4 — Evaluation of idant Efficacy at High Temperatures Fat samples were treated with 1000 and 3000 ppm of experimental antioxidant formulas haVing g ratios of tocopherols, rosemary extract, lipid soluble tea ins (LSC) and lecithin, as shown in Table 7, and tested in duplicate in the 081 at 100 9C (Table 8).
Table 7. LA Prototypes tested in the LSC storage study.
Treatment Name Tocopherols (%) Rosemary (%) LSC Lecithin (%) (%) LSC—1 0 0 0 0 LSC-2 24 0.1 0 0 LSC—3 12 6 3 2 LSC—4 18 0 4 2 LSC—5 15 0 7 2 LSC—6 12 0 10 2 LSC—7 0 12 12 2 LSC—8 0 5 18 2 Table 8. 081 results of LSC formulas in chicken fat.
OSI (h) Treatment 1000 ppm 3000 ppm Name LSC—1 6.7 6.7 LSC—2 30.7 56.7 LSC—3 35.7 62.5 LSC—4 35.7 54.0 LSC—5 39.1 57.1 LSC—6 16.4 34.4 LSC—7 14.0 30.6 LSC—8 34.6 50.7 Additionally, 9 g treated poultry fat was weighed into an 081 tube, stored in an 081 unit at 65 °C and connected to air flow . The progress of ion was measured by analyzing the rise in peroxide values over time (Figure 1).
The performance of the liquid formulations containing LSC was equivalent or improved when tested in the 081 at 65 OC. Formula LSC—3 out—performed all other formulas at 65 OC, and was statistically equivalent in the 081 to the current Naturox® Premium Liquid.
Example 5 — Swergy Between Antioxidants Experiments were conducted to study the effect of combination of idants on the time to rancidity of sunflower oil. Sunflower oil was treated with tocopherol at 1200 ppm alone and ed with WSGT (350 ppm), rosemary extract (250 ppm) and LSC (350 ppm) and placed in an incubator at 40 9C. Samples of the sunflower oil were ically analyzed for peroxide values (PV) using the FOX 11 Method. Time to rancidity (PV210 meq/kg oil) was determined for all of the treatments. Results show the increase in stability of sunflower oil treated with combinations of antioxidants (Table 9) in contrast to the treatment with tocopherols alone.
Table 9. istic Effect of Antioxidant Combinations on Time to Rancidity Time to rancidity Stability (days) increase Tocopherol (1200 ppm) 9 Tocopherol (1200 ppm) + WSGT (350 ppm) 14 56% Tocopherol (1200 ppm) + ry (250 ppm) 21 133% Tocopherol (1200 ppm) + LSC (350 ppm) 28 211% Tocopherols are known to be especially effective in stabilizing sunflower oil. However, a marked and unexpected se in stability was observed with the addition of lipid soluble catechins. This increase is significantly longer than what was observed with the water soluble green tea (WSGT) and is r to what was observed by the OSI results.
Example 6 — Comparison of Stability of Sunflower Oil in OS1 and PV Score According to the American Oil Chemist Society, the Oil Stability Index (OSI) is the point of maximum change in an oil of fat’s oxidation under standard conditions. Accordingly, the OSI determines the relative resistance of an oil or fat to oxidation and is an tor of the length of shelf life for that fat or oil. Experiments were done to te the effect of lipid soluble catechins on the OSI of sunflower oil and on the shelf life of sunflower oil.
Sunflower oil was d with four different antioxidants: tocopherol at 1200 ppm (total tocopherol concentration); rosemary at 250 ppm (RosanTM SF 35 from Kemin Industries, Inc., a rosemary extract standardized to 10% carnosic acid); water soluble green tea extract at 35 ppm (standardized to 45% EGCG and 45% other ins); lipid e catechins at 35 ppm (standardized to 74% catechins). Untreated sunflower oil was used at the control. A shelf life study of the same samples at ambient temperature was also conducted. Shelf life time to rancidity was d as the number of days before the peroxide value (PV) exceeded 10 meq/kg.
The results are set out in Table 10.
Table 10. Time to Rancidity of Sunflower Oil OSI Tlme to ranc1d1ty Name (h) (dayS) Untreated 11.45 9 Tocopherol (1200 ppm) 14.95 9 Rosemary (250 ppm) 26.35 21 WSGT (350 ppm) 31.65 14 LSC (350 ppm) 19.15 35 The results show that, surprisingly, the 081 results were not predictive of shelf life for lipid soluble catechins (Fig. 2). The lipid soluble catechins are much more effective at ing shelf life than was expected from the 081 results.
Example 7 — Synergy Between Antioxidants Experiments were conducted to study the effect of antioxidants alone and in combinations on the peroxide value and 2,4—decadienal values of kibble after 6 weeks at 37 0C.
In a first set of experiments, the poultry fat used to coat the kibble was either left untreated or treated with 240 ppm tocopherol, 50 ppm rosemary, 70 ppm WSGT, or 70 ppm LSC. The results are shown in Table 11. In a second set of experiments, the fat used to coat the kibble was either left untreated or d with 240 ppm tocopherol plus 50 ppm rosemary extract, 240 ppm erol plus 70 ppm WSGT, 240 ppm erol plus 70 ppm LSC, 50 ppm rosemary plus 70 ppm WSGT, and 50 ppm rosemary plus 70 ppm LSC. The results are shown in Table 12.
Table 11 — Effect of Antioxidant Combinations on Peroxide and 2,4—Decadienal Values PV 2,4-Decadienal Treatment Name (mEq/kg sample) (mEq/kg sample) Untreated fat 19.2 22 240 ppm tocopherol 14.7 18 50 ppm rosemary 17.7 20 70 ppm WSGT 16.7 18 70 ppm WSGT base 17.7 20 70 ppm LSC 21.6 24 Table 12 — Effect of Antioxidant Combinations on Peroxide and 2,4—Decadienal Values PV 2,4-Decadienal Treatment Name (mEq/kg sample) g sample) ted fat 19.2 22 240 ppm erol + 50 ppm rosemary 14.7 17 240 ppm tocopherol + 70 ppm WSGT 14.9 17 240 ppm tocopherol + 70 ppm WSGT base 15.7 19 240 ppm tocopherol + 70 ppm LSC 15.0 17 50 ppm tocopherol + 50 ppm WSGT 20.8 24 50 ppm tocopherol + 50 ppm WSGT base 17.1 19 50 ppm tocopherol + 70 ppm LSC 16.0 18 From Table 11 it is seen that the lipid soluble ins when used alone did not perform as well as the other antioxidants and indeed did not m as well as leaving the fat untreated.
WSGT was one of the better performing antioxidants, which again matched with the observations from the OSI testing. However, when used in combination with tocopherol (Tables 9 and 12), the lipid soluble catechins provided a synergistic protective effect, enabling a reduction in tocopherol to imately one—fifth of the prior inclusion level without significantly increasing either the peroxide or 1,4—decadienal . A key goal of the pet food industry has been to reduce the use of tocopherols in the formulations. It has previously been difficult to reduce tocopherol concentrations due to difficulty finding synergistic antioxidants that are effective in a combination that s the stabilization capability of tocopherols on products under real world storage conditions. In this work we’ve been able to reduce tocopherol levels up to 80% and still provide similar or better shelf life on a finished pet food diet. This work has shown synergism n tocopherols and LSC in combination or in addition to other antioxidants.
The foregoing description and drawings comprise illustrative ments of the present ions. The ing embodiments and the s described herein may vary based on the ability, experience, and preference of those skilled in the art. Merely listing the steps of the method in a certain order does not constitute any limitation on the order of the steps of the method. The foregoing description and drawings merely explain and illustrate the invention, and the invention is not limited thereto, except insofar as the claims are so limited. Those skilled in the art that have the disclosure before them will be able to make modifications and variations therein Without departing from the scope of the invention.
I/WE

Claims (12)

CLAIM :
1. A combined antioxidant composition for ing the stability of a pet food composition or a constituent of a pet food ition comprising: a first antioxidant composition comprising at least one antioxidant, and a second antioxidant composition comprising lipid soluble tea catechins, wherein the combined antioxidant composition exhibits similar or improved antioxidant activity compared to the first antioxidant ition.
2. The combined antioxidant composition of claim 1, wherein the first idant composition comprises a erol.
3. The combined antioxidant composition of claim 1, wherein the first antioxidant composition comprises a water e tea extract.
4. The combined antioxidant ition of any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a carnosic acid containing extract of a Lamiaceae spp. plant.
5. The composition of claim 4, wherein said Lamiaceae spp. plant is selected from the group consisting of basil, mint, rosemary, sage, savory, marjoram, oregano, thyme and lavender.
6. A method of producing an antioxidant composition in order to enhance the stability of a pet food composition or a constituent of a pet food composition to which the antioxidant composition is added, said method comprising the step of adding at least a portion of lipid soluble tea catechins to a first antioxidant composition, to produce a combined idant composition which exhibits similar or ed antioxidant activity compared to the first antioxidant composition.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the first antioxidant composition ses tocopherols.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the first antioxidant composition comprises a water soluble tea extract.
9. The method of any one of claims 6-8, wherein the combined idant composition further comprises a carnosic acid containing extract of a Lamiaceae spp. plant. AH26(11399433_1):JIN
10. The method of claim 9, n said Lamiaceae spp. plant is selected from the group consisting of basil, mint, rosemary, sage, savory, marjoram, oregano, thyme and lavender.
11. A product obtained by the process of any one of claims 6–10.
12. The combined antioxidant composition of any one of claims 1-5, when used for protecting animal fat from oxidation during rendering, wherein said combined antioxidant composition is added to the fat prior to or while being sed or while held at temperatures above ambient. Kemin Industries, Inc. By the Attorneys for the ant SPRUSON & FERGUSON Per: AH26(11399433_1):JIN
NZ622043A 2011-09-09 2012-09-10 Antioxidant formulations NZ622043B2 (en)

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NZ720227A NZ720227B2 (en) 2011-09-09 2012-09-10 Antioxidant formulations

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201161532859P 2011-09-09 2011-09-09
US61/532,859 2011-09-09
PCT/US2012/054466 WO2013036934A1 (en) 2011-09-09 2012-09-10 Antioxidant formulations

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NZ622043B2 true NZ622043B2 (en) 2016-11-01

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